Syudad nin Naga

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    <title>Syudad nin Naga</title>
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|official_name=Nueva Cáceres
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:''Para sa Syudad nin Naga sa Cebu, hilingon an [[Naga, Cebu]].''

An '''Syudad nin Naga''' ([[Ingles]]: ''City of Naga''; [[Filipino]]: ''Lungsod ng Naga'' o [[Spanish language|Espanyol]]: ''Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres'') sarong primera klaseng [[:Category:Mga ciudad kan Filipinas|syudad]] kan [[Filipinas]]. Namumugtak ini sa [[Rehiyon Bikol]] sa sur-sulnopan na puro kan [[Isla|isla]] nin [[Luzon]]. Nasa 377 km sa sur-sulnopan ini kan syudad kan [[Manila]] asin 380 km sa norte-subangan kan syudad kan [[Cebu (ciudad)|Cebu]] sa [[Visayas]].

Kun itatampad an sakop kan syudad sa ibang mga syudad kan rehiyon, bakong mahiwas an sukol nin kadagaan kaini. Sa pitong syudad igdi sa rehiyon, an Naga iyo an pinakasadit, na igwa sanang hiwas na 8,480 ektarya. Huli kaiyan ini an pinakasoròsoan (densely populated) na syudad sa rehiyon. An designadong zip code kaini iyo  {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. &lt;br&gt;
Sosog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. &lt;br&gt;

Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. Bisto sa apod na &quot;Heart of Bicol&quot; ([[Bikol]]: ''Puso kan Bikol''), asin siring man, binabansagan ining &quot;An Maogmang Lugar&quot;. Ini an solamenteng independienteng syudad asin an sentro kan edukasyon sagkod Simbahan na Katoliko sa rehiyon. An mga residente digdi inaapod na ''Nagueños''. Inaapod man ang Naga na ''Queen City of Bicol''.

An syudad an sentro kan [[Metro Naga]], an lugar na komponido kan 12 banwaan asin syudad nin Naga na marikas an pag-uswag na kabali sa Metro Naga Development Council. Komponido kan mga banwaan sa Segundo Distrito kan Camarines Sur, apwera kan [[Canaman, Camarines Sur|Canaman]] asin mga banwaan sa tul.

Dating kabesera kan Camarines Sur an syudad nin Naga, alagad sa Akta Republika Nu. 1336, na nagin ley kan Hunyo 8, 1955, naribayan ini kan banwaan nin [[Pili]].

Si [[Nelson Legacion|Leni Robredo]], an dating bise-presidente iyo an presenteng alkalde kan syudad nin Naga. Saiyang sinalidahan si [[John Bongat|Nelson Legacion]] taon 2025.

==Napanongdan na gamit kan kahiwasan kan syudad==

An kabilogan na hiwas kan kadagaan kan syudad na ini 8,448 na ektarya o 84.48 kilometro kwadrado, bagay na an syudad nin Naga iyo an pinakasadit na syudad sa pitong syudad kan ronang Bikol&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }} Kinua 03-9-16&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa total na ini, 75% ginagamit sa agrikultura, 13% para sa residensya, 7% okupado nin kadlagan asin mga parke, 2% gamit komersyal, 2% gamit kan gobyerno para sa mga edipisyo, asin 1.2% para sa ibang pang katuyohan.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.adnu.edu.ph/Centers/SSRC/nagaprofile.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416160341/http://www.adnu.edu.ph/Centers/SSRC/nagaprofile.html |date=2016-04-16 }} Kinua 03-9-16&lt;/ref&gt;

==Komersyo==

[[Ladawan:Naga City CamSur Seal.svg|thumb|left|Selyo kan syudad nin Naga]]

[[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB B19.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Paroko ni San Juan de Evangelista o mas bisto sa ngaran na Metropolitan Cathedral]]
[[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB A21.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Peñafrancia Parish. An Dating Santuario ni Ina, Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia]]
[[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB B31.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Simbahan ni San Francisco]]
[[Ladawan:Rizal Park, Naga City.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Rizal Park]]
[[File:Claveria visit to NC Feb 16 1845.jpg|thumb|300px|Pagbisita ni Gobernador Heneral Narciso Claveria y Zaldua kan Peb. 16, 1845 sa Nueva Caceres (pintura ni Jose Honorato Lozano)]]
[[File:Banwaan nin Naga, Camarines Sur, Filipinas 1935.png|right|300px|thumb|Pagtanaw kan Naga (Camarines Sur), eroplano haleng Milaor, 1935]]
Igwang duwang pangenot na lugar pangkomersiyo an Naga. Ini an Central Business District I (bisto sa apod na Centro) asin Central Business District II.

Sa CBD I igwa nin manlalaen na negosyo arog kan mga bangko, botika, restaurants, department stores asin iba pa. Yaon man igdi an Naga City Public Market na bakalan kan mga preskong gulay, karne, asin mga produktong Bikolnon arog kan pili asin abaka.

An CBD II na yaon sa may Triangulo asin Lerma mahihiling an Bicol Central Station na nag-ooperar nin mga biyahe pasiring sa mga kataraid na munisipyo asin siyudad pati man an mga biyaheng paduman sa Manila. Yaon man digdi an Jesse Robredo Coliseum na an ikaduwang pinakadakulang coliseum sa Pilipinas pagkatapos kan Smart Araneta Coliseum.

Kan Mayo 1, 2009 lang tigbukasan sa publiko an kakatugdok lang na SM City Naga na sarong mall. Ini kagsadiri ni [[Henry Sy]], sarong negosyante na iyo man an may sadiri nin gabos na SM Malls sa bilog na nasyon.

==Transportasyon==
An mga paagi nin transportasyon sa laog kan siyudad iyo an pamosong Jeep, tricycle asin padyak.

Mientras, an mga bisita asin turista hali sa luwas kan siyudad, pwedeng makaabot sa Naga sa paagi nin bus, jeep, van/fx, asin eroplano (sa Naga Airport sa Pili).

==Edukasyon==
An siyudad nin Naga iyo an sentro kan edukasyon sa Bikol nin huli sa dakol na institusyon nin halangkaw na pagkanood digdi. Kabali an: [[Ateneo de Naga na Unibersidad]] na pinapadalagan kan mga Heswita; [[Unibersidad kan Nueva Caceres]] (dating Nueva Caceres an apod sa siyudad kan panahon nin mga Kastila) na pangenot na unibersidad sa taon nin pagkamukna asin bilang kan estudyante; sagkod [[Universidad de Santa Isabel]] na pinapadalagan kan mga madre kan Daughters of Charity asin an pinakágurang na eskwelahan na normal para sa mga babae sa [[Harayong Subangan]].

An posibleng ikaapat na unibersidad kan siyudad an [[Kolehiyong Fundasyon nin Naga]] na pangenot na eskwelahan nin Kriminolohiya sa rehiyon.

==Uusipon==
Bago an pag-abot kan mga Kastila, mayaman na lugar na an dating banwa kan Naga na namukna sa duwang salog---Bikol asin Naga. Igwa na ining mayaman na kultura asin mga matibay na armas. Sa panahon kan mga Kastila an Naga an nagin sentro kan kultura, negosyo asin relihiyon kan enterong kabikulan. 

An pangaran daa kan Naga hale sa pagdangog nin sarong konkistador na Kastila, si [[Juan de Salcedo]] sa ngaran kan sarong kahoy na pigaapud na '''naga''' kaidtong mga Bikolano. Midbid an kahoy na ini sa ngaran na ''narra'' sa tataramon na [[Tagalog]] asin [[Bisaya]]. Alagad, an ibang mga Bikolanong historyador arog ki [[Danilo Gerona]] nagtutubod na an taramon na '''naga''' naggikan sa taramon na ''naga'' na nagtotomoy sa sarong lahing kapu'ngalan na Monggol na ngonyan iyo an ginikanan kan mga katawohan nageerok sa [[Assam]], [[Meghalalya]], [[Tripiera]], [[Mizoran]], [[Maripur]], [[Arunachal]], [[Pradesh]], [[Burma]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]] asin [[Tibet]]. Susog man saiya, an paragilid kan duwang salog kan Bikol asin Naga haloy nang eneerokan poon pa kan 900 A.D. siring sa maririraw sa mga parasâ-pasang artifaks na nagkahoronggad sa paralibot kaini. Sabi pa niya, an taramon na ''naga'' lakop man sa mga lengguwahe kan [[Batak]] kan [[Sumatra]] asin man kan mga [[Dayak]] kan [[Borneo]] na an pakahulogan sarong irago (serpente)/dragon. Nasambit pa niya na an mga lunadang pandagat kan mga antigong Tagalog asin Pampango na may nakakaag nin garo halas/dragon na payo sa dulong (prowa) kan mga lunadan na inaapod nindang ''naga''.
[[File:Lignum nephriticum - cup of Philippine lignum nephriticum, Pterocarpus indicus, and flask containing its fluorescent solution Hi.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kopa gibo sa kahoy na naga (narra), produkto kan Naga panahon pre-kolonyal asin kan panahon nin Kastila]]
Dapit kaini, na an &quot;naga&quot; sinapi' talaga sa pangaran na ''naga'' na boot sabihon ''irago/halas'' o ''dragon'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An halas na naga hinanap sa Thailand. Kinua 07-11-13 |url=http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/221/in_the_coils_of_the_naga.html |access-date=2013-11-06 |archive-date=2013-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108012419/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/221/in_the_coils_of_the_naga.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; na bakong gikan sa pangaran kan kahoy na ''narra'' o sa layas na itik na nagâ, iyo man ini an tinotolod na teoriya kan iba pang mga parasurat arog ki Antonio H. Aragon.

An Naga sarô sa pinaká enot na ginibong siyudad kan mga Kastila sa enterong Filipinas. Sa taon na 1575 an Siyudad de Caceres tinogdas bilang orihinal na erokan kan mga Kastilang eksplorador manta sa ibong kan salog sa parte na ngonyan kan Lerma asin  Dayangdang iyo an orihinal man na lugar kan mga tunay na taga-Naga. Sa pagtalubo kan duwang lugar nagsinakniban na an duwa asin an  kahiwasan naapod nang Nueva Caceres. Pag'abot kan mga Amerikano, nawara an pagkasiyudad kaini asin binalik an saiyang ngaran sa Naga sa taon na 1919. Kan Hunyo 18, 1948 naging 

==Mga Lingaan asin mga Pahingaloan==

Digdi sa Naga, dakulon na an mga linga-lingaan. Nakataraytay sa kalabaan kan Abenidang Magsaysay an manlaenlaen na mga kakanan, kapihan, inom-inoman, asin iba pa na nagtataong kaalingan sa mga taga-Naga kun banggi orog na kun tapos na an semana nin paglapigot sa trabaho.

Yaon diyan an Avenue Square na pano sa mga puwestong inuman, kakanan, kakanan na may tugtugan, asin mga tindahan: Wok Restaurant (kakanan), Coffee Beanery (kapihan), Little Asia (kakanan/inuman), Max's Restaurant (kakanan kan bantog na Max Fried Chicken), Lady Crab (bantog sa seafood orog na an aniit). Digdi laen kan mga lingaan, may mga tindahan man arog kan Mercury Drugstore, sa cellphones, mga bags, sapatos, arak asin kun anu-ano pa.

Sa enotang wala kaini iyo an Chili Peppers, sarong inom-inoman asin binibistong nagpuon na nagkaag nin siring na negosyo sa tinampong ini. Sarong bagong tugdok iyo an Westpark Avenue kun saen nakakaag an Tokyo Tokyo!, an Dennis Grill, KopiRoti, Bacolod Inasal, asin iba pa. Yaon man naglugar sa tinampong ini an Red Platter, sarong may '''ambiance'' na restaurant pan-pamilya.
An sunod iyo an Starbucks (kapihan), Bistro Roberto (resto bar asin may banda), Ilaw sa Dahon (resto, inuman), Kambingan (inuman, kakanan, bantog sa sisig), Bob Marlin (kakanan/inuman), asin gulping kakanan na Koreano.

Sa tahaw kan sentro, sa kataid sana kan Plaza Quezon iyo an Rizal Park. Mientras, mahayahay kuta ini na paro-pahingaloan kan mga gustong magpalihis-oras alagad sa may mga bulan na ginibo na ining merkado asin lungalong nin kun anu-anong paninda. Maski may mga nagrereklamo, dai ini mapakiaraman kan administrasyon kan siyudad nin huli ta ini sinasabing pagsasadiri kan gobyerno probinsiyal.

== Mga barangay ==
{{Wide image|Ph fil naga camarines sur.png|1024px|3=&lt;div align=center&gt;'''Naga'''&lt;/div&gt;|dir=rtl}}
May 27 na mga [[barangay]] an Naga:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Mga barangay
! Klase
! Populasyon&lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Bicol.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |accessdate=January 7, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119074307/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Bicol.pdf |archivedate=November 19, 2012 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Kapitan&lt;ref name=&quot;NagaBarangayOfficials&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Barangay Officials 2010 |url=http://naga.gov.ph/experience-naga/elected-officials/barangay-official-2010/ |website=Naga City |access-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404101615/http://naga.gov.ph/experience-naga/elected-officials/barangay-official-2010/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  Abella
|  Urban
|  4,788
|  Antonio Berja
|-
| Bagumbayan Norte
| Urban
| 2,991
| Dodit Beltran
|-
| Bagumbayan Sur
| Urban
| 6,959
| Jorge I. Salva Jr.
|-
| Balatas
| Urban
| 10,404
| Pedro San Juan Jr.
|-
| Calauag
| Urban
| 11,513
| Corazon Peñaflor
|-
| Cararayan
| Urban
| 15,998
|Rodrigo B. Agravante Jr.
|-
| Carolina
| Urban
| 5,841
| Alicia V. Saba
|-
| Concepcion Grande
| Urban
| 11,137
| Leticia Punzalan
|-
| Concepcion Pequeña
| Urban
| 23,577
| Andres Panis
|-
| Dayangdang
| Urban
| 4,568
| Joshua Calleja
|-
| Del Rosario
| Urban
| 9,332
| Gina Alcantara
|-
| Dinaga
| Urban
| 456
| Gemma Joy Antonio
|-
| Igualdad Interior
| Urban
| 3,379
| Domingo Alamer
|-
| Lerma
| Urban
| 2,337
| Domingo Serrado
|-
| Liboton
| Urban
| 3,075
| Salvadora Ortua
|-
| Mabolo
| Urban
| 7,611
| Magno Reyes
|-
| Pacol
| Urban
| 11,673
| Josue Perez
|-
| Panicuason
| Urban
| 2,715
| Domingo Ramos
|-
| Peñafrancia
| Urban
| 5,712
| Jeffrey Moralde
|-
| Sabang
| Urban
| 7,000
| Cyrus Caballero
|-
| San Felipe
| Urban
| 17,444
| Alfonso Rodriguez
|-
| San Francisco
| Urban
| 947
| Tomas Ramon Sanchez Jr.
|-
| San Isidro
| Urban
| 2,768
| Veronica C. Panganiban
|-
| Santa Cruz
| Urban
| 7,442
| Lorenzo D. Narvaez
|-
| Tabuco
| Urban
| 4,129
| Marcelo R. Bagadiong
|-
| Tinago
| Urban
| 3,268
| Jose Importante
|-
| Triangulo
| Urban
| 9,019
| Allan Beriso
|}

== Demograpiko ==
{{Populasyon}}
==Mga Medya==
===Mga Telebisyon===
*DWAI-TV (GMA TV-7 Naga) 
*DWPV-TV (ALLTV 11 Naga)

===Mga Radyo===
*[[DWRB-AM]] Radyo ng Bayan 549 kHz (Philippine Broadcasting Service)
*[[DWLV-AM]] Asintado News 603 kHz ([[Bicol Broadcasting System]] asin BGR Media Productions)
*[[DWRN]] 657 kHz
*[[DZLW]] 711 kHz
*[[DZHY|DZHY-AM Dating DWNW 756 kHz Radyo Komentaryo]] (Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation)
*[[DZGE]] 855 kHz (Filipinas Broadcasting Network)
*[[DWHQ-AM|Asintado News Naga]] (DZAN-AM Mga Dating [[DWHQ-AM]]) 891 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin BGR Media Productions)
*DZRH Naga 981 kHz (DWMT; Philippine Broadcasting Corporation)
*[[DZNG]] 1044 kHz
*[[DWAI-AM]] 1170 kHz (RGMA Network, Inc.)
*[[DZIF]] 1143 kHz (Crusaders Broadcasting System)
*[[DZHN]] 1296 kHz (Radio Mindanao Network)
*[[DZDV]] 1341 kHz ([[Mareco Broadcasting Network]])
*[[DWAA-AM]] Aksyon Radyo 1359 kHz (ABS-CBN Corporation asin Advanced Media Broadcasting System)
*[[DWHN-AM]] 1467 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Alpha Omega Broadcasting Corporation)
*[[DZCO-AM]] 1521 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin LCA Broadcasting Productions) (TBD)
*[[DZON]] 1611 kHz ([[Radio Mindanao Network]]) (TBD)

*[[DZHO-FM|Radyo Kristo 93.5 DZHO]] (Far East Broadcasting Company)
*[[DWOY|DWOY Radyo Radyo 94.3]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Atenio de Naga University) 
*[[DZRB-FM|95.9 Radyo Kasado]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Darian Pharmaceutical Distributor)
*[[DWSV|100.7 Radyo Asintado]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Asintado News)
*[[DZTN]] 102.3 MHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.) 
*[[DWMW]] 107.9 MHz (Mabuhay Broadcasting System, Inc.) 

[[File:Naga 1935 skyview photo nkaag sa Wikipedia pinaputi cropped2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Pagta'naw sa kalangitan kan Naga, Camarines Sur, Filipinas, 1935]]

==Kataytayan nin mga retrato==
&lt;center&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B45.JPG|An lumang Centro
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B40a.JPG|Merkado Publiko
Ladawan:Plasa Quezon Naga City(Bicol).jpg|Plasa Quezon, Syudad nin Naga,  2017
Ladawan:WTNaga BAHALANA A41.JPG|Bicol Indian Sikh Temple
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO A33.JPG|Avenue Square
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C37.JPG|Simbahan kan Paroko ni Imaculada Concepcion
Ladawan:Naga city hall.JPG|City Hall kan Ciudad nin Naga
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B46.JPG|Templo nin Taoismo
Ladawan:St jude naga city.JPG|Santuario asin Parokya ni San Judas Tadeo
Ladawan:WTNaga STAR X1.jpg|CBD Terminal
Ladawan:WTNaga BAHALANA A34.JPG|Avenue Plaza Hotel
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C31.JPG|Villa Caceres Hotel
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C45.JPG|STI Naga
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C43.JPG|Bangko Sentral kan Pilipinas
Ladawan:Inarihan Farm Resort 7.jpg|Dalan sa Inarihan Farm
Ladawan:Big Stone.jpg|Big Stone
Ladawan:Inarihan Farm Resort 3.jpg|Salog sa Inarihan
Ladawan:Malabsay Falls.jpg|Busay Malabsay, Bukid Isarog, Panicuason
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

==Mga Gikan==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;
* Naga: The Birth and Rebirth of a City. Danilo Madrid Gerona. Pinublikar kan Siyudad nin Naga. 2003.178 p.
* CAMARINES by the Vicor River. A compilation of Articles On Bikol History and Culture. 1999. Prov. Govt. of Camarines Sur. 282 p. 
*An retrato kan Parke ni Rizal kinua kan nabakante sa mga tindahan kan Oktobre, 2008.
&lt;/div&gt;
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

==Mga Peryodiko Lokal==
*[http://www.kaiba.cjb.net/ Kaiba News and Features, KNF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174144/http://kaiba.cjb.net/ |date=2009-02-11 }}
*[http://serbisyongbikolnon.ph/ Bikol Reporter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307141939/http://serbisyongbikolnon.ph/ |date=2021-03-07 }} (May pitak nakasurat sa Bikol)
* Bicol Mail [https://www.bicolmail.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322055205/https://www.bicolmail.net/ |date=2023-03-22 }} (May pitak nakasurat sa Bikol)
*[http://www.voxbikol.com Vox Bikol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523094746/http://www.voxbikol.com/ |date=2020-05-23 }} (Nagaako nin mga Artikulo nakasurat sa Bikol)
* Bicol Standard [https://www.facebook.com/bicolstandardnewspaper/]
*[[Bicol Forum]]
*[[Lagpitaw]]

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Naga}}
* [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System]
*[http://www.naga.gov.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Siyudad nin Naga]
*[http://www.camarinessur.gov.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Probinsiya nin Camarines Sur]
*[http://www.adnu.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Ateneo de Naga University]
*[http://www.unc.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan University of Nueva Caceres]
*[http://www.usi.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Universidad de Sta. Isabel]
*[http://www.ncf.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Naga College Foundation]
*[http://www.wowphilippines.com.ph/explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=history&amp;province=28/ WowPhilippines.com]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{rambong}}
{{Navbox Camarines Sur}}
[[Kategorya:Mga syudad kan Filipinas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hindi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="12244" sha1="g8tye6h1128kv6104isemg2s4q5kmnh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name             = Hindi
| altname          = Panusugan kan Makabagong Hindi
| nativename       = {{lang|hi|{{Script|Deva|हिन्दी}}}}, {{translit|hi|Hindī}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|hi|ˈɦɪndiː|}}
| states           = [[Indya]]
| ethnicity        = 
| region           = [[Hindi Belt]] ([[Western Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]])
| speakers_label   = Mga parataram
| speakers         = [[Inot na tataramon|L1]]: {{sigfig|345.365030|3}} milyon{{efn|an mga parataram nin Hindi asin manlaen-laen na kaagid na mga tataramon na nagbareta kan saindang tataramon bilang 'Hindi'.}} &lt;!--The figures for Hindi in the Census of India are self-reported, not independently confirmed. Perhaps 100 million speakers of closely related languages like Haryanvi, Rajasthani, Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Braj Bhasha, Chhattisgarhi, Garhwali, which do not have a separate literary tradition, consider their language to be &quot;Hindi&quot;, whereas another 200 million report themselves as speaking one of those languages rather than Hindi. Since the census is unable to determine who is who, all of these languages are lumped together as the group &quot;6 HINDI&quot;, with 528M speakers in the published census results.--&gt;
| date             = 2011 sensus
| speakers2        = [[Ikaduwang tataramon|L2]]: {{sigfig|263.760000|3}} milyon (2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{e28|hin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Kabilugan: {{sigfig|609.125030|2}} milyon (2011–2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{e28|hin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ref              = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{e28|hin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo
| fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyano|Indo-Iranyano]]
| fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Aryan|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4             = [[Mga tataramon na Katahawan na Indo-Aryan|Katahawan na Indo-Aryan]]
| fam5             = [[Mga tataramon na Kasulnopan na Hindi|Kasulnopan na Hindi]]&lt;ref name=ELL2/&gt;
| fam6             = [[tataramon na Hindustani|Hindustani]]&lt;ref name=ELL2&gt;{{ELL2|Hindustani}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ancestor         = [[Shauraseni Prakrit]]
| ancestor2        = [[Apabhraṃśa]]
| ancestor3        = [[Daan na Hindi]]
| ancestor4        = [[tataramon na Hindustani|Hindustani]]
| ancestor5        = [[Rekhta]]
| script           = *[[Devanagari]] (opisyal)
*[[Kaithi]] (pang-uusipon)
*[[Mahajani]] (pang-uusipon)
*[[mga iskriturang Laṇḍā|Laṇḍā]] (pang-uusipon)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gangopadhyay|first=Avik|title=Glimpses of Indian Languages|publisher=Evincepub publishing|year=2020|isbn=978-93-90197-82-8|page=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Braille na Devanagari]]
| nation           = *[[Indya]]
** [[Mga isla nin Andaman asin Nicobar]]
** [[Bihar]]
** [[Chandigarh]]
** [[Chhattisgarh]]
** [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
** [[Delhi]]
** [[Gujarat]]
** [[Haryana]]
** [[Himachal Pradesh]]
** [[Jammu and Kashmir (teritoryong unyon)|Jammu &amp; Kashmir]]
** [[Jharkhand]] 
** [[Ladakh]]
** [[Madhya Pradesh]]
** [[Rajasthan]]
** [[Uttar Pradesh]]
** [[Uttarakhand]]
** [[Sulnopan na Bengal]] (pankadungangan)
| minority         = {{bulleted list
|[[South Africa]] (protected language)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[UAE]] (third official court language)&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/abu-dhabi-includes-hindi-as-third-official-court-language/article26229023.ece|title=Abu Dhabi includes Hindi as third official court language|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 February 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Mauritius]] (as a cultural language)&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| title = Hindi Speaking Union Act |url=https://culture.govmu.org/Pages/Legislations/The%20Hindi%20Speaking%20Union%20%20Act%201994.pdf|website=www.culture.govmu.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| agency           = [[Central Hindi Directorate]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/aboutus/aboutus.html |title= About Us |website=Central Hindi Directorate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504043836/http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/aboutus/aboutus.html |archive-date=4 May 2012 |access-date=18 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| iso1             = hi
| iso2             = hin
| iso3             = hin
| lingua           = 59-AAF-qf
| image            = Hindi.svg
| imagescale       = 1.2
| imagecaption     = An kataga na &quot;Hindi&quot; sa Surat [[Devanagari]]
| map              = Hindi 2011 Indian Census by district.svg
| mapcaption       = Pagkakaheras kan mga L1 na nagbareta sa sadiri na mga parataram nin Hindi sa Indya susog sa 2011 Sensus
| notice           = Indiko
| sign             = [[Sistema nin Pagpalba kan Indya]]
| glotto           = hind1269
| glottorefname    = Hindi
}}
An '''Hindi''' iyo an nasyonal na tataramon nasyonal kan [[Indya]]. Ini an sarong lenguaheng opisyal kan India asin kapwa-opisyal sa mga manlainlain na rehiyon kan ining nacion. Mga 250 milyon total na katawo an parataram na natibu kan Hindi. Apuera sa India mismo, piggagamit ini sa [[Pakistan]], [[Banglades]], [[Sur Aprika]] asin sa mga manlainlain na mga komunidad kan mga Indios sa enterong kinàban. Segun sa mga linguistiko sadit sana an pagkakaiba kan Hindi asin Urdu, may mga iba ngani na dae pigkokonsiderar na ibang tataramon ining duwa, imbis diyalektos kan sarong tataramon na Hindustani.

==Mga tala==
{{reflist|group=Footnote}}

==Mga toltolan==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

===Bibliograpiya===
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite book|last=Bhatia|first=Tej K.|title=Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7chEAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT6|access-date=19 July 2014|date=11 September 2002|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-134-83534-8}}
* [[George Abraham Grierson|Grierson, G. A.]] [[Linguistic Survey of India|''Linguistic Survey of India'' Vol I-XI]], Calcutta, 1928, {{ISBN|81-85395-27-6}} [http://joao-roiz.jp/LSI/ (searchable database)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509170342/https://www.joao-roiz.jp/LSI/ |date=9 May 2023 }}.
* {{cite book|last1=Koul|first1=Omkar N.|author-link1=Omkar N. Koul|title=Modern Hindi grammar|date=2008|publisher=Dunwoody Press|location=Springfield, VA|isbn=978-1-931546-06-5|url=http://v2winners.com/Ebooks/spoeng/Spoken%20English/ModernHindiGrammar.pdf|access-date=19 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726150424/http://v2winners.com/Ebooks/spoeng/Spoken%20English/ModernHindiGrammar.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2014}}
* {{cite book|last1=McGregor|first1=R.S.|author-link=R. S. McGregor|title=Outline of Hindi grammar: With exercises|date=1995|publisher=Clarendon Pr.|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-870008-1|edition=3.|url=https://archive.org/details/OutlineOfHindiGrammar|access-date=19 July 2014}}
* {{cite book|last=Frawley|first=William|author-link=William Frawley|year=2003|title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esparanto. Vol.1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC|isbn=978-0-195-13977-8|page=481|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|last1=Parthasarathy|first1=R.|last2=Kumar|first2=Swargesh|year=2012|title=Bihar Tourism: Retrospect and Prospect|page=120|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSZ987-0Fb8C|isbn=978-8-180-69799-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Masica|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Masica|year=1991|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29944-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC}}
* {{cite book|first=Manjari|last=Ohala|chapter=Hindi|editor=[[International Phonetic Association]]|year=1999|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet|pages=100–103|publisher=Cambridge University Press|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33BSkFV_8PEC&amp;pg=PA100|isbn=978-0-521-63751-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Sadana|first=Rashmi|year=2012|title=English Heart, Hindi Heartland: the Political Life of Literature in India|publisher=University of California Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2WNfFpT14IC|access-date=19 July 2014|isbn=978-0-520-26957-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Michael C.|year=2001|chapter=Hindi|editor1-last=Garry|editor1-first=Jane|editor2-last=Rubino|editor2-first=Carl|title=An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present|publisher=New England Publishing Associates|pages=305–309}}
* {{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Michael C.|year=2003|chapter=Hindi|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUHfBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT311|editor1-last=Cardona|editor1-first=George|editor2-last=Jain|editor2-first=Dhanesh|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-77294-5|pages=250–285}}
* {{cite book|last1=Snell|first1=Rupert|last2=Weightman|first2=Simon|year=1989|title=Teach Yourself Hindi|publisher=McGraw-Hill|edition=2003|isbn=978-0-07-142012-9|title-link=Teach Yourself}}
* {{cite book|last=Taj|first=Afroz|year=2002|url=http://taj.chass.ncsu.edu/|title=A door into Hindi|access-date=8 November 2005|archive-date=5 December 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205073326/http://taj.chass.ncsu.edu/|dead-url=yes}}  
* {{cite book|last=Tiwari|first=Bholanath|year=2004|orig-date=1966|title=हिन्दी भाषा|trans-title=Hindī Bhasha|publisher=Kitab Pustika|location=Allahabad|isbn=81-225-0017-X}}

===Mga diksyunaryo===
* {{Citation
 | last= McGregor
 | first= R.S.
 | year= 1993
 | title= Oxford Hindi–English Dictionary
 | publisher= Oxford University Press, USA
 | edition= 2004
}}.
* {{Citation|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/bahri/|title=Learners' Hindi-English dictionary|author=Hardev Bahri|year=1989|publisher=Rajapala|location=Delhi}}
* {{Citation|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/caturvedi/|title=A practical Hindi-English dictionary|author=Mahendra Caturvedi|year=1970|publisher=National Publishing House|location=Delhi}}
* Academic Room Hindi Dictionary Mobile App developed in the Harvard Innovation Lab (iOS, Android and Blackberry)
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDtbAAAAQAAJ|title=A dictionary of Urdū, classical Hindī, and English|author=John Thompson Platts|year=1884|publisher=H. Milford|edition=reprint|location=LONDON|page=1259|access-date=6 July 2011}}
{{Refend}}

== Urog pang mababasa==
* {{EI3 |last=Bangha |first=Imre |year=2018 |title=Hindi |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/hindi-COM_30475?s.num=4&amp;s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&amp;s.q=dynasty+india}}
* Bhatia, Tej K. (1987). ''A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition''. Leiden, Netherlands &amp; New YorkY: E.J. Brill. {{ISBN|90-04-07924-6}}.

==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{InterWiki|code=hi}}
{{Wiktionary|Category:Hindi language}}
{{Wikivoyage|Hindi phrasebook|Hindi|a phrasebook}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308231234/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/profile.php?id=33 The Union: Official Language]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140901145421/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf Official Unicode Chart for Devanagari (PDF)]

{{navboxes bottom}}
{{Subject bar|India|Languages|Writing|Linguistics
|book1= |portal1= |portal2= |commons=y |n=y |wikt=y |b=y | |q=y |s=y |v=y |voy=y |c=Category:Hindi}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Hindi| ]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Sentral na Indo-Aryan| ]]
[[Kategorya:Tataramon na Hindustani]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na pinagsararo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Indo-Aryan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga opisyal na tataramon kan Indya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga panusugan na tataramon]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Tataramon kan Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na nakasurat sa mga iskriturang Bramiko]]]
[[Kategorya:Lingua Francas]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Subheto–obheto–berbo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Artikulo na igwa nin mga video clip]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na nakasurat sa Devanagari]]

{{stub}}

[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>308379</id>
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      <text bytes="2955" sha1="5ti9bfmbbxb8f7rx5bex9nafwhzwl60" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:GOP logo.svg|right|thumb|200px|An logo kan Partido Republikano]]

[[ladawan:Abraham Lincoln head on shoulders photo portrait.jpg|thumb|180px|right|upright|[[Abraham Lincoln]], an pinaka'enot na Republikanong Presidente (1861–1865).]]

An '''Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos''' iyo an saro sa kontemporaryo asin mayor na partido pulitika sa [[Estados Unidos]] na kabali na diyan an [[Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos|Partido Demokrata]]. Inaapod man na '''GOP''' ('''Grand Old Party''', ''Dakulang Gurangan na Partido''), ini tinogdas kan mga aktibistang nagkokontra sa paglakop kan kaoripnan,  kan taon 1854. An plataporma kan Partidong ini parati pinanalmingan an konserbatismo kan mga Amerikano sa spectrum kan pulitika sa nasyon na ini. Sinasabing konsiderado ining ''center-right'', o sentro-patoo, bakong arog kan mga Demokrata na mas sentro-pawala.

An Partido Republikano igwang ikaduwang pinakadakul na rehistradong botante na, kan taon 2004, nag'aabot sa 55 milyon, bagay na narepresentar kan saro-katolohan kan elektorado. Sa ika-112 na Kongreso, nabotohan kan 2010, an Partidong ini nakakua kan mayoriyang mga tukawan sa Kamara de Representante (242/435), asin minoriya sa Senado (47/100). An Partido kapot an mas dakul na gobernatura (29/50), asin siring man, kapot an dakul na lehislatura sa mga estado asin  an kontrol nin sarong kamara sa limang estado.
==Mga panluwas na takod==

* [http://www.gop.com/ Republican National Committee]&amp;nbsp;— opisyal na websayt
* [http://src.senate.gov/ Senate Republican Conference]
* [http://www.gop.gov/ House Republican Conference]
* [http://www.nrsc.org/ National Republican Senatorial Committee]
* [http://www.nrcc.org/ National Republican Congressional Committee]
* [http://www.rga.org/ Republican Governors Association]
* [http://www.rslc.com/ Republican State Leadership Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208225716/http://www.rslc.com/ |date=2020-12-08 }}
* [http://www.nationalblackrepublicans.com/ National Black Republican Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814110752/http://www.nationalblackrepublicans.com/ |date=2015-08-14 }}
* [http://www.republicansabroad.com/ Republicans Abroad International]
* [http://www.yrnf.com/ Young Republican National Federation]
* [http://www.crnc.org/ College Republican National Committee]
* [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/papers_pdf/78545.pdf 2008 National Platform] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205825/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/papers_pdf/78545.pdf |date=2011-05-11 }} ([[PDF]]), *[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=78545 HTML version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112230334/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=78545 |date=2008-11-12 }}
*[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=25850 2004 National Platform]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Tamboan}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jumbo Kingdom</title>
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      <text bytes="5145" sha1="k47ybcdzwccto5gr2nrzbjf3yrvwifx" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Jumbo Floating Restaurant.JPG|right|thumb|250px|An Jumbo Floating Restaurant]]
[[Ladawan:Tai Pak Floating Restaurant.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Tai Pak Floating Restaurant]]
An '''Jumbo Kingdom''' (Sa Bikol may boot sabihon na '''Tandayagon na Kahadean'''; tradisyonal na Intsik: 珍寶王國) binibilog kan '''Jumbo Floating Restaurant''' (珍寶海鮮舫) asin kan kataid na '''Tai Pak Floating Restaurant''' (太白海鮮舫), mga bantogan na panturistang atraksyon namomogtak sa Aberdeen South Typhoon Shelter (Pailihan sa Bagyo kan Aberdeen), sa laog kan Aberdeen Harbour (Doongan nin Aberdeen) sa [[Hong Kong]]. Sobra na sa 30 milyon na bisita an nagsungko sa Jumbo Kingdom, y kairiba na diyan si [[Reyna Elizabeth II]], [[John Wayne]], [[Tom Cruise]], [[Chow Yun-fat]] asin si [[Gong Li]].[1] Igwa man kuta nin Jumbo Kingdom Manila sa [[Sola nin Manila]], Filipinas, alagad isinara pakalihis nin walong taon. An Jumbo Kingdom yaon sa lindong kan Melco International Developpment, Limited, sarong kompaniya na nakalista sa [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange]].  

==Uusipon==

An mga naglalataw na restoran  nagtunga sa pailihan-sa-bagyo  pakalihis sana kan ika-2ng Gerang Pangkinaban. An Sea Palace Floating Restaurant ipinabakal asin ginoyod pasiring [[Australya]].

An Tai Pak Floating Restaurant tinogdas kan 1952.

Kan Oktobre 30, 1971, kan ini pigtotogdok pa sana, may nangyaring kasulo sa Jumbo Floating Restaurant, bago siya binuksan sa publiko, asin 34 trabahador an nagkagaradan.

An Jumbo Kingdom tinogdas ni [[Dr. Stanley Ho]] kan Oktobre 1976, asin ta apat na taon, sobra sa HK$30 milyon,  an nakonsumo sa pagdesensyo asin pagtogdok kaini. Dati an dekorasyon kaini garo sarong antigong Intsik na palasyo.  

Kan 2000, duwang panggoyod na bapor an nagdara kan saro sa naglalataw na restoran haleng Aberdeen Harbor pasiring sa Sola kan Manila asin pigngaranan na &quot;Jumbo Kingdom Manila&quot; pero hinale man giraray ini duman asin ibinalik sa Hong Kong.  

An Jumbo Kingdom nag'agi nin multi-milyon na paghirahay kan 2003 na ginibo na ining sarong theme park kun saen an lugar igwa nang kakanan, saodan, dalandalanan asin mga atraksyon kultural.

Kan 1 Marso 2020, an restoran nag'anunsyo magpipinto na ngona asin gabos na empleyado  pinahingalo huli sa  [[COVID-19 pandemya|pandemyang COVID]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/142906/Virus-shutters-Jumbo-Kingdom|title=Virus shutters Jumbo Kingdom|last=Standard|first=The|website=The Standard|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 30 Mayo 2022, an amang kompanya kaini, an Aberdeen Restaurant Enterprises nagpaanunsyo na an restoran mahale sa Hong Kong sa Hunyo 2022. An Aberdeen Restaurant Enterprises Limited itinangro an restoran na ipanao sa kun siisay gusto kaini alagad mayong interesado sa rason na dakulaon an gastos sa operasyon kan restoran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketing-interactive.com/jumbo-seafood-exits-hong-kong-due-to-cost-crunch|title=Jumbo floating restaurant exits Hong Kong due to cost crunch|last=Interactive|first=Marketing|website=Marketing Interactive|language=en|access-date=2022-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan mga alas onse nin hapon 31 Mayo, an kusinang barko nagtagilid. Ini nangyari kan pigsisibotan nang guyodon an restoran pasiring dagat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/190732/Kitchen-boat-of-Jumbo-Floating-Restaurant-tilting-into-the-waters-of-Aberdeen-Typhoon-Shelter|title=Jumbo Floating Restaurant’s kitchen boat listing into waters of Aberdeen Typhoon Shelter|website=The Standard|language=en|access-date=2022-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; An Jumbo Kingdom nabutong pahaleng Hong Kong kan 14 Hunyo alagad idtong kusina winalat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hong Kong's famed floating restaurant Jumbo towed away after half a century |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hong-kong-famed-floating-restaurant-jumbo-towed-away-after-half-a-century |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Straits Times |date=14 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kan 19 Hunyo 2022, manta na ini pigbubutong pasiring [[Dagat Habagatang Tsina]], naabotan nin maraot na panahon asin nalunod harani sa [[Kapuluang Paracel]] sa bandang an tubig sobra 1000 metro an rarom. Mayo man nin napyerdeng buhay sa pangyayari.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Grundy |first1=Tom |title=BREAKING: Iconic Jumbo Restaurant sinks in South China Sea |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/06/20/breaking-iconic-jumbo-restaurant-sinks-in-south-china-sea/ |website=Hong Kong Free Press |access-date=20 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1653904-20220620.htm Jumbo Restaurant capsizes near Xisha Islands], RTHK, 20 June 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga panluwas na takod==

*[http://www.jumbo.com.hk Hong Kong websayt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414082645/http://www.jumbo.com.hk/ |date=2006-04-14 }}
*[http://www.jumbokingdom.com/ Manila websayt]

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga Restoran sa Hong Kong]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Atraksyon sa Bisita sa Hong Kong]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Lugar na Tandaan sa Hong Kong]]
[[Kategorya:Aberdeen, Hong Kong]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Restoran na Sadiri nin Intsik]]

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    <title>Agta</title>
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[[File:Agta.jpg|right|thumb|260px|Agta nagbabalidya kan handikraft niya sa [[Olongapo]], [[Zambales]]]]
[[File:Indigenous People of Iriga City 03.JPG|260px|right|thumb|Aking Agta sa Iriga, 2015]]
{{Demograpiko kan Filipinas}}
An '''Agtâ''' (Ayta {{IPAc-en|'|aɪ|t|ə}}) siring man inaapod na '''Aeta''' sarong grupong etniko na nag'eerok sa wararak-warak sagkod mga tagong lugar sa kabubukiran kan Luzon sa [[Filipinas]] asin mga tinubo na ini sinasabing mga [[Negrito]]. Igwa an mga ini nin maitom na kublit (poon mairom sagkod subidong mairom na kayumanggihon), hababa (parati kulang sa 5 pye an langkaw), asin sadit an panghawakon. Sinda igwa nin mga kirikot na buhok, saradit na dungo asin hararom na kayumanggihon an mga mata. Hinuhuna na an mga Agta iyo an pinakaenot na mga kag'erok sa Filipinas bago pa an migrasyon Austronesyo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Aeta The Aeta People] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226155630/http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Aeta |date=2012-02-26 }} Kinua 25-03-15&lt;/ref&gt; Sa amnayan kan Luzon, an mga [[Ilokano]] inaapod an mga Agta na Pugut/Pugot asin an katagang ini tinutumoy man an mga tawong may maiitom na kublit alagad an bansag na ini dai suno kan mismong mga Agta ta nakakamenos daa an apod na ini sainda.&lt;ref name=&quot;San Ildefonso Agta&quot;&gt;Population Dynamics of a Philippine Rain Forest People: The San Ildefonso Agta (University Press of Florida, 1998)&lt;/ref&gt; Sa [[Camarines Norte]], an Agta inaapod man na &quot;Abdyan&quot; asin mismo an mga Agta duman inaapod ninda an sadiri na &quot;Kabihug&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;San Ildefonso Agta&quot;/&gt; 

Iba pang arapodan sainda: Ayta, Atta, Ata, Ati, Ita.

==Kinamumugtakan==
An mga ayta sa Filipinas mga Australo-Melanesiano. Kabali na diyan an mga aborigine sa [[Australya]], mga Papuano, an mga Melanesiano kan Solomon Islands, [[Vanuatu]], [[Fiji]], asin man an mga sakop kan Pranses sa [[New Caledonia]].

An agi-agi kan mga Agta dai maubos marorip kan mga antropologo asin arkeologo. Sarong teoria iyo na an mga Ayta mga maku-apo kan mga orihinal na kag'erok sa Filipinas na nag'baklay sa mga dagang nagsusumpay sa mga isla nin Filipinas hale sa kadakulaan kan Asya, bakong arog kan mga Austronesyong kataraid ninda na nag'layag sa pagbanwa kan mga hararayong lugar. Sinasabi man na an mga Agta, bakong arog kan ibang mga Austronesyo, labis an pagngutiil sa paghira sa modo nin saindang pagbuhay. An pag'ngata' kan mga Espanyol na ibanwa sinda sa mga reducciones kan pagkokolonya ninda sa filipinas, daing inantosan. Kadaklan sainda nag'eestar sa mga temporaryong lungalong asin pahubo-hubo sa kadlagan kun saen sinda makakaguno nin mga prutas, makadakop nin mga layas na hayop o magsira sa mga salog. An gobyerno totoo pighihingoa na sinda mag'estar na sa mas permanenteng lugar arog kan pinagbanwa ninda sa lugar kan Pinit, [[Ocampo, Camarines Sur]].
==Mga etnolinggwistikong grupo==
Dakul naghuhuna na an mga Agta o Ayta sarong grupo sana. Alagad, an totoo manlaen-laen sindang grupo, magkairiba man saindang tataramon kun an grupo igdi nagagamit pa an saindang lenggwahe, dawa totoo kadaklan pigadoptar na ninda an mga tataramon nin mga taga-ibaba na mas dominante. 

An minasunod iyo an lista kan mga etnolinggwistikong grupo na konsideradong Agta huli sa saindang pisikal na hitsura asin sa klase kan pamumuhay ninda nagkaka-aragidan. An lista nakakaag man kun anong grupo asin kun saen haleng  [[Mga probinsya nin Filipinas|mga probinsya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Reid&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reid2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Reid |first1=Lawrence A. |title=The Early Switch Hypothesis: Linguistic Evidence for Contact between Negritos and Austronesians |journal=Man and Culture in Oceania |date=1987 |volume=3 Special Issue |pages=41–59 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32298107.pdf |access-date=2020-11-03 |archive-date=2021-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710235338/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32298107.pdf |url-status=live |archivedate=2021-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041024/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32298107.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McHenry2013&quot;/&gt;

*Aeta – Luson Sentral
:*Ambala Aeta – [[Zambales]], [[Bataan]]
:*Abellen Aeta (inaapod man Abenlen, Abelling o Aburlin) – [[Tarlac]]
:*Magbukún Aeta (inaapod man Magbikin, Magbeken, o Bataan Ayta) – [[Bataan]]
:*Mag-antsi Aeta (apod man Mag-anchi o Magganchi) – [[Zambales]], [[Tarlac]], [[Pampanga]]
:*Mag-indi Aeta (apod man Maggindi) – [[Zambales]], [[Pampanga]]
*Agta – Sur-subangan nin Luson
:*Alabat Agta (apod man [[Alabat Island]] Agta) – [[Quezon province|Quezon]]
:*Agta Cimarron – [[Camarines Sur]]
:*Manide (apod man Abiyan Agta o Camarines Norte Agta) – [[Camarines Norte]]
:*Rinconada Agta (apod man Iriga Agta) – [[Camarines Sur]]
:*Tabangnon (apod man Partido Agta, Katabangan, Katubung, o Isarog Agta) – [[Sorsogon]], [[Quezon province|Quezon]], [[Camarines Sur]]
*Dumagat – Subangan nin Luson&lt;ref name=&quot;Himes&quot;/&gt;
:*Alta 
::*Northern Alta – [[Probinsyang Aurora|Aurora]] 
::*Southern Alta (apod man Kabulowan Alta o Edimala) – [[Quezon province|Quezon]], [[Nueva Ecija]]
:*Arta – [[Probinsyang Quirino|Quirino]]
:*Atta
::*Faire-Rizal Atta – [[Probinsyang Cagayan]]
::*Pamplona Atta – [[Probinsyang Cagayan]]
::*Pudtol Atta – [[Probinsyang Cagayan]]
:*Casiguran Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Aurora|Aurora]]
:*Central Cagayan Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Cagayan|Cagayan]]
:*Palanan Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Isabela|Isabela]]
:*Paranan Dumagat (o Pahanan Dumagat) – [[Probinsyang Isabela|Isabela]]
:*Disabungan Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Isabela|Isabela]]
:*Dupaningan Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Cagayan|Cagayan]]
:*Madella Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Quirino|Quirino]]
:*Sinauna Tagalog (apod man Remontado Dumagat) – [[Probinsyang Rizal|Rizal]], [[Probinsyang Quezon|Quezon]]
:*Umiray Dumagat – [[Probinsyang Quezon|Quezon]]

==Pagbado==

Kan mga enot na panahon an mga Agta sulot sana tapis (babae) asin bahag gibo hale sa ubak nin kahoy (lalake), alagad nag'aarog naman na maggubing kan mga badoon kan mga taga-ibaba siring kan pagsulot kalson/kamison an babae asin sa lalaki, pantalon asin polo.

==Pig-eerokan asin mga tataramon kan Agta==

An mga Agta napipisan sa 32 etno-linggwistiko grupo asin tinatayang may total na 33,000 katawo (taon 2003) an kagabosan kan mga manlaen-laen na grupong Agta.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scribd.com/doc/38601846/Thirty-Endangered-Languages-in-the-Philippines Kinua 26-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;. Alagad, an sarong profesor sa linggwistika sa [[Unibersidad kan Filipinas]] tinataya na apat-na-polong ribo (40,000) an populasyon kan mga Agta.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=4&amp;i=256 Kinua 25-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;. Sinda nag'eestar sa subangan na parte kan Luzon sa mga probinsya nin Cagayan, Isabela, Aurora, Quirino, Quezon, Camarines Norte, asin sa Camarines Sur. Sarungat sa popular na pagtubod, an mga Agta may mga sadiring tataramon na haros dai masasabotan kan kataraid nindang para-oma asin bako man nakikigamit na sana kun arin an tataramon sa palibot ninda dawa totoo tatao sinda magtaram kan sa palibot nindang mga lenggwahe.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.everyculture.com/East-Southeast-Asia/Agta-Orientation.html Kinua 26-03-15&lt;/ref&gt; Alagad, an mga tataramon na Isarog Agta &lt;ref&gt;http://multitree.org/codes/agk Kinua 30-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;asin Sorsogon Agta haros puho na huli sa pagdikit kan mga parataram kaini&lt;ref&gt;http://multitree.org/codes/ays Kinua 30-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;. Siring man, an Lake Buhi Agta namimiligro naman mawara.&lt;ref&gt;https://ph.news.yahoo.com/yes--some-pinoy-%E2%80%98languages%E2%80%99-are-on-the-brink-of-extinction.html Kinua 26-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www-01.sil.org/sociolx/ndg-lg-grimes.html Kinua 26-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/get-nearly-extinct.cfm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125050940/http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/get-nearly-extinct.cfm |date=2015-11-25 }} Kinua 26-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scribd.com/doc/38601846/Thirty-Endangered-Languages-in-the-Philippines Kinua 26-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;

==Makuri an paghuros kan populasyon kan Agta==

Sa ngonyan, an mga Agta makuri an paghuros kan saindang populasyon, bako huli sa pagharale sa sadiring mga lugar o hababang pagkamundag sa mga aki kundi sa halangkaw na pagkagaradan. Ini huling gayo sa mga helang, mala ta 80% kan kagadanan resulta sa kahelangan. Nangengenot na helang sainda iyo an tuberkulosis, na sinusundan kan pneumonia asin helang na gastrointestinal. An 49% kan mga aking Agta nagagadan bago inaabot an edad na 15. An grupong ini nagsasapong dayaday sa makuring  malnutrition, malaria, mga halod sa tulak, alkoholismo, asin maating kundisyon na estaran.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.everyculture.com/East-Southeast-Asia/Agta-Orientation.html Kinua 26-03-15&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kataytayan nin mga ladawan ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Young Negrito girl, Mariveles, 1901.JPG|Sarong Agtang daragita sa [[Mariveles, Bataan]] kan 1901
Ladawan:Indigenous people of Iriga City.JPG|Agtang babae na naglalaba sa Ilian, Iriga City
Ladawan:Agta Monument in Inorogan.JPG|Lumang pag gubing kan mga lalaking Agta, mahihiling sa Inorogan Shrine, Iriga City
Ladawan:Ilian Tribe Cemetery.JPG|Ilian Tribe Cemetery sa [[Syudad nin Iriga]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga panluwas na takod==

* [http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Aeta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226155630/http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Aeta |date=2012-02-26 }} Mga retrato kan Agta. Kinua 25-03-15.
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/3317989/Pygmies-life-expectancy-is-between-16-and-24.html] Edad inaabot kan mga Agta.Kinua 25-03-15.
* [http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=4&amp;i=256}] An Agta (Kabihug) sa [[Camarines Norte]]. Kinua 25-03-15.
* [http://runokorashidi.com/blog/2014/06/28/article-the-black-presence-in-the-philippines%E2%80%8F/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011050035/http://runokorashidi.com/blog/2014/06/28/article-the-black-presence-in-the-philippines%E2%80%8F/ |date=2023-10-11 }} The Black Presence in the Philippines. Runoko Rashidi. Kinua 26-03-15.
* [http://www-01.sil.org/silewp/1997/004/SILEWP1997-004.html]Lista kan mga libro dapit sa Agta. Kinua 26-03-15.
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}{{Saringsing}}
[[Kategorya: Mga iba-ibang grupong etniko sa Filipinas]]</text>
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    <title>Pasyon</title>
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      <text bytes="4019" sha1="r6lhy6gssm85rt5mqm6q0r9pp6l4uok" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pasyon, pabasa.jpg|right|280px|thumb|Pabasa kan pasyon sa Kalye Liboton, syudad nin Naga (2015)]]

[[File:Leales_demostraciones,_amantes_finezas,_y_festivas_aclamaciones_de_la_novilíssima_ciudad_de_Manila_(IA_lealesdemostraci00aqui).pdf|page=9|thumbnail|right|Aquino de Belen na libro]]
An '''Pasyon''' (Espanyol, [[Pasion]]) iyo an [[Filipino|Filipinong]] epiko na pigsasaysay an Pagsakit, Pagkagadan asin Pagkabuhay-liwat ni [[Hesukristo]]. Ini may estansa nin  limang taytay na may walong silaba. An halawig na rawitdawit na ini ipigkakanta sa maludok na pagngoyngoy sa pag'osipon kan agi-agi ni Hesus kan siya orog na nagsakit na gayo sa kamot kan mga Hudyo. 

An laba kan orog-orog inaawit sa panahon nin Kwaresma, orog na sa [[Semana Santa|Kamahalan]]. An daing patod na pagsalaysay ginigibo nin magdamlag asin ini sarong popular na debosyon kan mga Katolikong Filipino.

==Ginikanan==

An pinaka-enot na bersyon kan Pasyon nakasurat sa [[Tagalog]] asin ini tinokda ni [[Gaspar Aquino de Belén]] kan taon 1704. Tituladong &quot;Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon Natin na Tola&quot;, ini nag'agi nin apat na rebisyon asin an ikalimang edisyon nalagda kan 1760. An bersyon sa Bikol ipinagboot ni Obispo [[Francisco Gainza]] kan Desyembre 20, 1866 asin enot nalagda kan taon 1867.

An nagbikol kaini iyo si Tranquilino Hernandez nin [[Polangui, Albay]] tituladong &quot;Casaysayan can Mahal na Pasion ni Jesucristo Cagurangnanta, na Sucat Ipaglaad nin Puso nin Siisay man na Magbasa&quot;. An ika-kag'anom na edisyon kan Pasion Bicol pinalagda kan University of Santo Tomas Press kan taon 1984.&lt;ref&gt; [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/ahn8644.0001.001/590?q1=Casaysayan+can+mahal+na+Pasion+ni+jesucristo+Cagurangnanta&amp;view=image&amp;size=150] Pasion Bicol. Kinua 5-04-15.&lt;/ref&gt;.

An kinaugalean nin pag'awit kan Pasyon sinasabing dai man gikan sa Espanyol na lenggwahe kun saen orihinalmente ini nakasurat kundi nakagamot sa soanoy na kaugalean kan mga tinubong filipino na magkanta nin rawitdawit sa panahon nin saindang pag'ogma, nin mga susuman &lt;ref&gt;susuman.Vocabulario de la lengua bicol. [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aqa2025.0001.001/503?q1=susuman&amp;view=image&amp;size=150]Kinua 4-04-15. Pagberso nin halawig na osipon manongod sa sarong pambihirang pangyayari.&lt;/ref&gt;. An Pasyon pwede i'awit na daing pagtogtog sa instrumento o kun minsan may kasabay na gitara, acordion o rondalla.

An Pasyon pwede ribay-ribay inaawit nin magkaduwang parakanta o saro-saro nakanta nin sarong estansa. Sa magdamlag, an kagharong iyo an napaseguro sa pagkakan kan nangangaramag hanggan pagka'aga sa pagbasa sagkod na matapos.

An pagbasa kan Pasyon napoon Myerkoles Santo asin natapos nin Byernes Santo alagad an uso pag binasa ining napoon alas kwatrong hapon, tinatapos ini nin pagka'agang mga alas kwatro sunod na aldaw man asin daing patod nanggad ta sinasalo an pagbasa kan iba manta napahingalo an enot na nagbasa.

==Pasyon nakaguhit sa Braille para sa mga buta==

Sa enot na pangyayari, an Pasyon Bicol iginuhit sa [[Braille]] para sa mga harap asin ini hinaman kan [[National Library of the Philippines]]. Ikinanta an Pasyon sa Braille kan Abril, 2015 kan mga kaapil kan  Visually Impaired Voice of Albay (Viva) Inc. duman sa [[Penaranda Park|Peñaranda Park]] sa [[Syudad nin Legazpi]], [[Albay]].&lt;ref&gt;http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/682931/blind-people-chant-the-pasyon-in-bicol.Kinua 5-04-15 &lt;/ref&gt;

==Panluwas na takod==

* [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/682931/blind-people-chant-the-pasyon-in-bicol.] Mga buta ma'awit kan Pasyon sa Bicol. Kinua 4-04-15.
* [http://wn.com/pasyon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220102244/https://wn.com/Pasyon |date=2024-12-20 }} (video tutorial) Kinua 4-04-15.
* [http://tagaloglang.com/Tagalog-English-Dictionary/English-Translation-of-Tagalog-Word/pasyon.html] Pasyon. Kinua 4-04-15.
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}


[[Kategorya:Mga epikong Filipino|Pasyon]]
[[Kategorya:Mga relihiyosong tradisyon kan Filipino|Pasyon]]
[[Kategorya: Musika (Filipinas)]]</text>
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    <title>Jesse Owens</title>
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      <text bytes="3451" sha1="dma3efqxi5zs6zr23es4o2wmgnhv9oo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R96374, Berlin, Olympiade, Jesse Owens beim Weitsprung crop.jpg|thumb|Jesse Owens (1936)]]

Si '''James Cleveland &quot;Jesse&quot; Owens''' (Septyember 12, 1913 – Marso 31, 1980)   sarong Amerikanong atletang itom sa track and field, na an siring paumbasan sa pagdalagan. Nagbali siya sa [[Olimpikong Karawat sa Tig-init]] kan 1936 na ginibo sa [[Berlin]], [[Alemanya]]. Sa nasabing patiribayan, ginana niya an apat na medalyang bulawan pang-Olimpiko: saro sa 100 metrong dalagan, saro sa 200 metrong dalagan, sa halawig na paglampaw, asin komo kaayon sa grupong pang-4x100 metrong dalagan na ribayan.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.olympic.org/jesse-owens]www.olympic.org. Kinua 15-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;

Siya binisto bilang &quot;pinakamahusay asin pinakabantog na atleta sa historya nin track and field&quot;. An saiyang naginibohan na pambihira iyo an ganahon an tolong rekord pankinaban sa Ann Arbor, Michigan na nabansagan na &quot;daing-kaarog na gibo sa laog sana nin 45 minuto sa siring na isport&quot; asin sagkod ngonyan dai pa napapantayan. An rekord niya man sa 1936 Tig-init na Olimpiko sa Berlin kun saen nagkamit siya nin internasyonal na kabantogan sa pagsikwit nin apat na medalyang bulawan sa sunod-sunod na paurumbasan asin nasabing siya na an pinakamatriyumpong atleta sa Olimpikong idto. An saiyang rekord igdi ilinampaso asin ibinasura nanggad an hambog ni [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] na an mga Aleman komo sinasabing dugong Aryan, iyo na an &quot;pinakamaurag&quot; sa kinaban, dawa totoo dai man siya inagda sa White House ngani maabrasa lamang kan Presidenteng Amerikano sa kanigoan na onrang dinara niya para sa Estados Unidos.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/obituaries/archives/jesse-owens]www.nytimes.com. Kinua 15-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;

Ini an sinabi niya dapit sa bagay na ini na makonswelo alagad may pait sa pagtaram: &quot;totoo dai man ngaya ako inagda ni Hitler maki-abrasa  saiya, alagad totoo man dai ako inalok sa White House na abrasahon ako kan Presidente.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/jesse_owens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105012528/https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/jesse_owens |date=2018-01-05 }}www.brainquote.com. Kinua 15-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Owens nata'wan pagromdom ta saiya inginaran an pinakahalangkaw na onra sa USA Track and Field na atleta, an inapod na The Jesse Owens Award. Si Owens pinagranggo kan ESPN bilang ika-anom na pinakamahusay na Norte Amerikanong atleta kan ika-20ng Siglo, asin pinakahalangkaw na ranggo sa siring na isport. Siya man nakabali sa shortlist (ikaanom) kan BBC-ng Sports Personality of the Century.

==Iba pang onra==

Kan 1982, an siyudad nin Berlin pigngaran saiya an tinampong pasiring sa Olympic stadium na kun saen duman na gayo siya nagkawat kan 1936. An ngaran na &quot;Jesee Owens Allee.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0654389/bio]www.imdb.com. Kinua 15-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kagadanan==

Si Owens parayopyop sigarilyong gayo poon pa kan edad 32. Kan Desyembre 1979, siya dinara sa ospital huli sa pagpoon nang maglakop an kanser sa baga' niya. Kan Marso 31, 1980, apat na bulan sana makalihis, siya nagadan asin ilinubong sa Oak Woods Cemetery sa Chicago. An umaw saiya na binutsan ni Presidente [[Jimmy Carter]], iyo &quot;Seguro mayo nang ibang atleta kundi siya na an pinakasimbolo kan pakikitusay sa buhay laban sa tiraniya, kadukhaan, asin rasismo.&quot;

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}{{Poon}}
[[Kategorya: Mga atletang Amerikano nagbali sa 1936 na Pang-aldaw na Olimpiko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isla nin Orchid</title>
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      <text bytes="14405" sha1="h9xbw7xprux7lk6vp6bd1oqy9forvm3" xml:space="preserve">{{For|isla sa Florida|Isla nin Orchid (Florida)}}
{{Infobox islands
| name             = Isla nin Orchid
| native_name      = 蘭嶼
| native_name_link = 
| native_name_lang = Intsik
| sobriquet        = &lt;!-- or |nickname= --&gt;
| image_name       = 
| image_size       = 
| image_caption    = 
| image_alt        = 
| image_map        =
| map_alt          = 
| map_size         = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map             = Taiwan
| pushpin_label           = Is. nin Orchid
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_relief          = yes
| pushpin_map_caption     = Isla nin Orchid sa [[Taiwan]]
| coordinates      = {{coord|22|03|N|121|32|E|type:isle|display=title,inline}}
| location         = [[Dagat Filipinas]]
| archipelago      = 
| waterbody        = 
| total_islands    = 
| major_islands    = 
| area_km2         = 45
| area_footnotes   = 
| rank             = 
| length_km        = &lt;!-- or |length_m=  --&gt;
| length_footnotes = 
| width_km         = &lt;!-- or |width_m=  --&gt;
| width_footnotes  =
| coastline_km     = &lt;!-- or |coastline_m=  --&gt;
| coastline_footnotes = 
| elevation_m      = 552
| elevation_footnotes = 
| highest_mount    = Bukid Hongtou
| country          = Republika kan Tsina
| country_admin_divisions_title      = Township
| country_admin_divisions            = Lanyu
| country_admin_divisions_title_1    = [[County (Taiwan)|County]]
| country_admin_divisions_1          = [[Taitung County|Taitung]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2    = 
| country_admin_divisions_2          = 
| demonym          = 
| population       = 
| population_as_of = 
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank = 
| population_rank_max = 
| density_km2      = 
| density_rank     =
| density_footnotes = 
| languages        = 
| ethnic_groups    = [[Mga tawo nin Yami|Tao]], [[Intsik na Han|Han]]
| timezone1        = 
| utc_offset1      = 
| timezone1_DST    = 
| utc_offset1_DST  = 
| website          = 
| additional_info  = 
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}}

{{chinese |title=Kaidtong mga pangaran
|pic=File:Botel Tobago Insel (Karte 1905).jpg |piccap=An &quot;Botel&quot; asin &quot;Klein Botel Tobago&quot; sa sarong 1905 na mapa kan [[tataramon na Aleman|Aleman]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Eine Reise in das Innere der Insel Formosa |date=1905 |first=Karl Theodor |last=Stöpel }} {{de icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|t={{linktext|紅頭嶼}} |s={{linktext|红头屿}}
|p=Hóngtóuyǔ&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|Hóngtóu Yǔ}} |w=Hong-tou-yü&lt;br&gt;Hong-tou Yü |l={{nowrap|[[Red-headed barbarian|Red-Head]] Islet(s)}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|Red [[Headland|Cape]] Islet(s)}}
|poj=Âng-thâu-sū&lt;br&gt;Âng-thâu Sū
|kanji={{linktext|紅頭嶼}} |hiragana={{linktext|こうとうしょ}} |romaji=Kōtōsho
}}
{{chinese |title=Mas hababang Isla nin Orchid
|pic=File:Lesser Orchid Island.jpg |piccap=Mas hababang Isla nin Orchid
|t={{linktext|小蘭嶼}} |s={{linktext|小兰屿}}
|p=Xiǎolányǔ&lt;br&gt;Xiǎo Lányǔ&lt;br&gt;Xiǎo Lán Yǔ |w=Hsiao-lan-yü&lt;br&gt;Hsiao Lan-yü&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|Hsiao Lan Yü}} |l={{nowrap|Munting [[Orchid]] Islet}}
}}

An '''Isla nin Orchid''', bisto man sa [[#Mga pangaran|ibang pangaran]], sarong {{convert|45|sqkm|adj=on|sp=us|abbr=on}} [[halangkaw na isla|halangkaw]] na [[MGa isla kan Taywan|mga isla]] sa gamping sur-subangang baybayon kan [[Isla nin Taywan]]. Napasuway ini sa [[Batanes]] kan [[Filipinas]] sa paagi kan [[Tsanel nin Bashi]] kan [[Itiot nin Luzon]]. Piggugubyernuhan ini bilang {{nowrap|'''baryo nin Lanyu'''}} kan [[kondehan nin Taitung]], [[Taiwan]], na kun saen kabali man sa haraning {{nowrap|'''mas hababang isla nin Orchid '''}}.

==Uusipon==

===Prehistoriya===
An mga [[Mga Taywanong aborhino|aborihinal na mga tawo]] kan mga isla iyo an [[Mga tawo nin Yami|Tao]], na nag-immigrate gikan sa [[Batanes]] mga 800 taon an nakalihis.

===Dinastiyang Qing===
Enot na nagbutwa an isla sa ''surviving chart'' sa ika-17 siglo, na kun sain nabanggit ini kan mga paralayag na [[Mga tawo nin Hapon|Hapon]].

===Imperiyal na Hapon===
Sa kasagsagan kan [[Taywanong Hapon|pagrakyada sa Taywan]] kan [[imperiyal na Hapon|Hapon]], Pigdeklara kan gobyero kaini an Isla nin Kōtō bilang sarong [[etnolohiya|etnolohikal]] na lugar nin pagsaligsig na dae limitado sa pangkagabsan na publiko.

=== Republika kan Tsina ===
Pagkatapos kan [[Aldaw nin Retrosesyon|mabawi an Taywan]] kan [[Republika nin Tsina]],  pigpangasiwaan an isla bilang  nayon nin &quot;Hong-tou-yu  kan [[Kondehan nin Taitung]] pagkatapos kan ika-19 nin Enero 1946 alagad pigmamantinir na igwang bisa an mga paghihigpit sa mga bisita sa Hapon. Nin huli ta sa mga patakarang ini, padagos kan Tao an mga tradisyunal na igwa sinda asin pigmantinir sa tanga kan [[Mga taywanong aborihino]] sa balyo kan pagtatapos kan pagbabawal sa pag-eerok asin turismo kadtong 1967.

Puon 1967, pigtugdas an mga eskwelahan sa isla dangan sapiritan an [[edukasyon sa Taywan|edukasyon]] sa [[Estandarteng Mandarin|Mandarin]]. 

Piggamit an Mas Hababang Isla nin Orchid para sa target nin pagpapraktis na pagsasanay kan [[Taiwanese Air Force]].{{when?|date=March 2019}}{{fact|date=March 2019}}

Sarong pasilidad nin imbakan nin ati-nukleyar an pigtugdok kan 1982 na mayo nin enot na konsultasyon sa mga nag-eerok sa isla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author1=Han Cheung|title=Taiwan in Time: Chasing away ‘evil spirits’|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2017/02/19/2003665262|accessdate=18 February 2017|work=Taipei Times|date=19 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagtatanggap an planta nin ating nukleyar gikan sa tolong planta nin kusog nukleyar kan Taywan, pigpapadalagan gabos kan kagamitan nin estadong [[Kompanya nin Kusog kan Taywan|Taipower]]. Haros 100,000 na mga barelya kan ati- nukleyar na nasaray sa Lanyu complex.&lt;ref name=orchis2002&gt;{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2002_May_6/ai_85519940/ |title=Orchid Island launches new protests against nuclear waste |author= |date=May 6, 2002 |work=Asian Economic News |access-date=April 8, 2019 |archive-date=October 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019100757/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2002_May_6/ai_85519940 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 2002 asin 2012,igwang mga darakulang protesta gikan sa lokal na residente, nangangapudan sa Taipower na halion an basura gikan sa isla.&lt;ref name=tt2012&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2012/02/21/2003525985 |title=Tao protest against nuclear facility |author=Loa Iok-sin |date=21 February 2012 |work=Taipei Times }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Administratibong pagkakabaranga==
[[File:Lanyu Imorod Ang-thau village main street 2008.jpg|thumb|200px|An Hongtou, an tikawan kan gobyerno sa Isla nin Lanyu]]
Igwang pitong [[kagtaraid (Taywan)|mga kagtaraid]] (社) sa Nayon kan Lanyu, apat sa mga ini, adiminstratibong [[baryo (Taywan)|mga baryo]] (村):

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pangaran nin Yami
! colspan=2 | Instik
!Tala
|-
! Pinyin
! Kar.
|-
| Jiayo || Yeyou || 椰油 || baryo
|-
| Jiraralay || Langdao || 朗島 || baryo
|-
| Jiranmilek || Dongqing || 東清 || baryo
|-
| Jivalino || Yeyin || 野銀 || 
|-
| Jimowrod || Hongtou || 紅頭 || baryo dangan tukawan nin nayon
|-
| Jiratay || Yuren || 漁人 || pig-bali sa Baryo nin Hongtou kan 1946
|-
| Iwatas || Yiwadasi || 伊瓦達斯 || pig-bali sa Baryo nin Yeyou kan 1940
|}

==Mga bistong tawo==
* [[Syaman Rapongan]] (Nu-Lai Shih), awtor nin Tao

==Galeriya==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Langdao.JPG|baybayon nin Langdao
File:Lanyu 8.JPG|Tradisyunal na kanoe
File:View from the Lovers Cave near Iranmeylek.jpg|Lovers' Cave, harani sa Iranmeylek
File:Coastal landscape Lan Yu, Taiwan.jpg|Mga umahan sa baybayon
File:Steamed Bread Rock (257260399).jpeg |Gapong [[Mantou]]
File:The Discarded Anti-communist Slogan in Orchid Island 2010-9-15.jpg |Gurang na kontra-komunista na slogan
File:Traditional Tao Building 2010-9-14.jpg | Tradisyunal na establishimentong Tao 
File:Yami 1900 02.jpg | Parasirang Tao kan 1900
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Hilingon man==
* [[Isla nin Berde, Taiwan|Isla nin Berde]] - the other offshore township of Taitung County

==Mga toltolan==
===mga pigbanggit===
{{reflist|30em}}
===Bibliyograpiya===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Campbell |first=William |authorlink=William_Campbell_(missionary) |contribution=The Island of Formosa: Its Past and Future |title=Scottish Geographical Magazine |date=1896 |volume=Vol. 12, No. 8 |pages=385–399 |doi=10.1080/00369229608732903 }}. 
{{refend}}

==Mababasa pa lalo==
* {{citation|title=Song of Orchid Island|author=Martinson, Barry|url=https://camphorpress.com/books/song-of-orchid-island/|publisher=Camphor Press|year=2016|edition=2nd}}
* Badaiwan de Shenhua 《八代灣的神話》 (Myths from Ba-dai Bay). Taipei: Morning Star Publishing Co., 1992.—Syaman Rapongan's first book; a collection of myths and his personal reflections on contemporary Tao; divided into two parts, with the first on myths, and the second on personal reflections.
* Lenghai Qing Shenhaiyang Chaosheng Zhe 《冷海情深—海洋朝聖者》(Deep Love for Cold Sea: The Oceanic Pilgrim). Taipei: Unitas Publishing Co., Ltd., 1997.—A collection of short stories about Syaman Rapongan's life on Lanyu; the book marks the writer's constant struggles with himself and his family because he voluntarily went unemployed and devoted himself solely to the ocean as a bare-hand diver in order to explore Tao civilization and find the meaning of life. The book also marks the writer's initial identity transition from a Sinicized man to a real Tao who embraces the value of physical labor and learns to cultivate the art of story-telling. The book was the Annual Reading for 1997 by United Daily News.
* Heise de Chibang 《黑色的翅膀》 (Black Wings). Taipei: Morning Star Publishing Co., 1999.—Syaman Rapongan's first novel; it questions the future of Tao people through the characterization of four young men (Kaswal, Gigimit, Jyavehai and Ngalolog) Should they run rigorously after the tempting ‘white body’ on the land or wait patiently for the arrival of ‘black wings’ on the sea? Although this appears a rhetorical question, Syaman Rapongan reveals that the conflicts are severe and their impact profound. This novel won Wu Zhuo-liou Literary Award in 1999.
* Hailang de Jiyi 《海浪的記憶》 (Memory of the Ocean Waves). Taipei: Unitas Publishing Co., Ltd., 2002.—Another collection of short stories; divided into two parts, with the first on the countless ties between Tao and the sea (six stories), and the second on Tao's staunch fights against foreign influences. Experimenting boldly with different genre and languages, the writer combines verses with prose and juxtaposes Tao and Chinese languages. As another Taiwanese writer and critic, Song Ze-lai, points out, Syaman Rapongan deliberately defamiliarizes his language and syntax in order to praise traditional Tao values and to guide his readers, especially Tao, back to the original way of living, far from influences of Chinese culture and modern civilization.
* Hanghaijia de Lian 《航海家的臉》 (The Face of a Navigator). Taipei: INK Literary Publishing Co., 2007.—Also a collection of articles; it continues the oceanic theme but exposes more of Syaman Rapongan's personal battles with modernity or traditionality and his pursuit of prosperity or return to innocence. Calling him-self a nomadic soul, Syaman Rapongan knows there may be no end to his battle. His course is a romantic one, without any definite plan. Nor will his beloved sea offer any answer or guidance. Nevertheless, consolation can be found in sweet solitude and family understanding. Syaman Rapongan's first attempt at trans-Pacific navigation with a Japanese captain and five Indonesian crew members is also included here.
* Lao Hairen 《老海人》 (Old Ama Divers). Taipei: INK Literary Publishing Co., Ltd., 2009.—Syaman Rapongan's second novel; highly praised and awarded (The Wu Lu-chin Prize for Essays, Chiu Ko Publishing Co. Annual Selection in 2006). Instead of following the previous semi-biographical direction, Syaman Rapongan focuses on three outcasts on his island, Ngalomirem, Tagangan and Zomagpit, whose pretty names fail to bring them pretty lives. Ngalomiren is regarded as a psychopath, Tagangan a miserable student though a brilliant octopus-catcher, and Zomagpit a hopeless drunkard. Through these figures, Syaman Rapongan portrays how Tao society stumbles between traditionality and modernity, and how broken the society has become in both material and mental terms as its humble and simple way becomes recognized again. In spite of a slight hope for reconciliation, this way back to the humble and simple Tao world is arduous, sometimes painful, and fully filled with regrets.

==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{commons category|Lanyu Township, Taitung}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090726225716/http://www.uga.edu/~asian-lp/jpn_html/yami/chpt.1.html Taiwan Aborigine Monograph Series 2]
*[http://indigenous.pristine.net/perspectives/lanyu/index_en.html Taipei Multicultural Arts Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207032223/http://indigenous.pristine.net/perspectives/lanyu/index_en.html |date=2012-02-07 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101003155747/http://www.thewildeast.net/news/2010/06/cultural-survival-on-taiwan%E2%80%99s-orchid-island/ Cultural Survival on Orchid Island]
*[https://lanyu.land Pirang mga impormasyon asin mga ladawan kan isla]
*[http://gptaiwan.yam.org.tw/english_version/nk_dump.html Taipower, North Korea strike accord on nuke waste storage]
*[http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/387-8/orchid.html Orchid Island: Taiwan's nuclear dumpsite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206013459/http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/387-8/orchid.html |date=2012-02-06 }}
*[http://reading.udn.com/act/syaman/index-en.html Syaman Rapongan, Taiwan's Ocean Literature Writer]
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-radio-and-tv-15182502 BBC News: Taiwan's paradise island fights to save its identity]
*[http://www.erenlai.com/en/focus/2011-focus/the-pacific-culture-of-taiwan/item/4132-a-subaqueous-loner-syaman-rapongan.html A subaqueous loner — Syaman Rapongan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408114849/http://www.erenlai.com/en/focus/2011-focus/the-pacific-culture-of-taiwan/item/4132-a-subaqueous-loner-syaman-rapongan.html |date=2019-04-08 }}

{{poon}}

[[Kategorya:Mga isla kan Taywan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hannah Wilke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="18142" sha1="rfhxu558o18d7d7e0t4b6slybccstu0" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|American artist (1940–1993)}}
{{Infobox artist
| bgcolour = 
| name = Hannah Wilke
| image = Wilke-Starification.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = Wilke in her work ''S.O.S. — Starification Object Series'' (1974)
| birth_name = Arlene Hannah Butter
| birth_date = {{birth date|1940|3|7}}
| birth_place = [[New York City, New York]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|1|28|1940|3|7}}
| death_place = [[Houston, Texas]]
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| field = [[Sculpture]], [[photography]], [[body art]], [[video art]]
| training = Stella Elkins Tyler School of Fine Art, Temple U, Philadelphia
| movement = 
| works = ''S.O.S. — Starification Object Series'' (1974)&lt;br/&gt;''Intra-Venus'' (1992–1993)
| patrons = 
| awards = NEA Grants in sculpture and performance, Guggenheim Grant for sculpture
}}

Si '''Hannah Wilke ('''namundag bilang Arlene Hannah Butter; Marso 7, 1940 - Enero 28, 1993)&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=ART VIEW; An Artist's Chronicle Of a Death Foretold |last = Smith | first= Roberta |date=1994-01-30 |access-date=2007-06-28 |url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E2DE1E30F933A05752C0A962958260 | work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong Amerikanang pintor, iskultor, potograpo, bidyo-artista, asin artista-pagtanghal. An saiyang mga gibo midbid na manunungod sa mga urulay sa peminismo, sekswalidad, dangan pagigin babayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T2022106?q=hannah+wilke&amp;search=quick&amp;pos=1&amp;_start=1#firsthit |title=Hannah Wilke |website=Oxford Art Online }}{{dead link|date=January 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Biograpiya==
Si Hannaw Wilke pinangaki kan Marso 7, 1940 sa syudad kan Nueva York sa mga Hudyong magurang; an saiyang mga apoon, mga Sirangan-Europeong mga imigrante. Kan 1962, naresibe nya an Batsiler sa Fine Arts asin Batsiley sa Siyensya kan Edukasyon gikan sa Tyler School of Art, Temple University, Philadelphia. Nagtukdo sya sa nagkapirang mga sekondaryang eskwelahan asin napabali man sa mga paratukdo sa eskwelahan kan Biswal-Arte sa Nueva York, kun sain nagtukdo sya nin iskultura asin seramiko magpoon 1974 hasta 1991. &lt;ref name=&quot;artinamerica-97&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |journal=[[Art in America]] |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_n2_v85/ai_19114074 |date=February 1997 |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=92–93 |last=Princenthal |first=Nancy |access-date=2007-07-07 |title=Mirror of Venus — photography, videos and performance art, Hannah Wilke, Ronald Feldman Gallery, New York, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216021606/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_n2_v85/ai_19114074 |archive-date=2007-12-16 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2005-03-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050323230219/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_n2_v85/ai_19114074 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;biography&quot; /&gt; Magpoon man kan 1969 hasta 1977, si Wilke nagkaigwa nin relasyon sa sarong Amerikanong Pop artist na si Claes Oldenburg dangan nag-ibahan sinda, nagtrabaho, nagbyahe na magkaibahan kan mga panahon na idto. &lt;ref&gt;Marsie Scharlatt, &quot;Hannah in California,&quot; in ''Hannah Wilke: Selected Work, 1963-1992'', Hannah Wilke Collection &amp; Archive, Los Angeles, and SolwayJones, Los Angeles, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tracy Fitzpatrick, &quot;Making Myself into a Monument,&quot; ''Gestures'', Neuberger Museum of Art, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nancy Princenthal, ''Hannah Wilke'', Prestel Publishing, 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Wilke's work was exhibited&lt;ref name=&quot;biography&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hannahwilke.com/id10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528031221/http://www.hannahwilke.com/id10.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |title=Hannah Wilke: Biography, Exhibitions, Awards, HWCALA |access-date=December 18, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;An saiyang mga gibo naipalabas naman sa nasyunal pati internasyunal asin magpasahanggang ngunyan,ini ipigpapalabas pa. &lt;ref name=&quot;exhibitions&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hannahwilke.com/id25.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125204052/http://www.hannahwilke.com/id25.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 25, 2011 |title=EXHIBITIONS |access-date=December 18, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; An pira sa saiyang mga solong eksibisyon iyo duman sa Nueva York asin Los Angeles kan1972. An saiyang inot na interong pang-museo na pagpalabas ginibo sa Unibersidad kan California, Irvine, kan 1976, asin an saiyang inot na retro-espektibo sa Unibersidad kan Missouri kan 1989. An mga posthumous na retro-espektibo pinahiling man sa Copenhagen, Helsinki, dangan sa Malmo, Sweden kan 2000 asin sa Neuberger Museo kan Arte magpoon kan 2008 hasta 2009. Magpuon kan saiyang kagadanan, an saiyang mga gibo pigpahiriling sa mga palabas sa galeriya, asin pirang mga surbey kan mga arte kan mga babayi, kairiba an WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|access-date=2019-04-25|title=WACK!: Art and the Feminist Revolution|url=https://www.moca.org/exhibition/wack-art-and-the-feminist-revolution|website=The Museum of Contemporary Art}}&lt;/ref&gt; sa Museo kan Kontemporanyong Arte sa Los Angeles, Elles sa Centre Georges Pompidou, asin man evolution in the Making: Abstract Sculpture by Women, 1947 – 2016 sa Hauser &amp; Wirth Los Angeles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|access-date=2019-04-25|title=Exhibitions — Revolution in the Making: Abstract Sculpture by Women, 1947 – 2016 - Louise Bourgeois, Isa Genzken, Phyllida Barlow, Anna Maria Maiolino, Lygia Pape, Eva Hesse, Mira Schendel, Rachel Khedoori - Hauser &amp; Wirth|url=https://www.hauserwirth.com/hauser-wirth-exhibitions/5564-revolution-in-the-makingabstract-sculpture-by-women-1947-2016|website=www.hauserwirth.com|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043828/https://www.hauserwirth.com/hauser-wirth-exhibitions/5564-revolution-in-the-makingabstract-sculpture-by-women-1947-2016|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;


An Hannah Wilke Collection and Archive, Los Angeles naipundar kan taon 1999 sa paagi kan tugang na babayi ni Hannah Wilke na si Marsie Scharlatt asin man kan saiyang pamilya,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hannahwilke.com/id1.html |title=Hannah Wilke Collection &amp; Archive, Los Angeles |publisher=HANNAH WILKE COLLECTION &amp; ARCHIVE, LOS ANGELES |access-date=April 30, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;  asin ini pigrepresenta kan Alison Jacques Gallery, London magpuon kan 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.alisonjacquesgallery.com/artists/41-hannah-wilke/overview/ |title=Hannah Wilke |publisher=Alison Jacques Gallery |access-date=April 30, 2019 |archive-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135058/https://www.alisonjacquesgallery.com/artists/41-hannah-wilke/overview/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga solong palabas ==

*1972, ''Hannah Wilke'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York
*1974, ''Hannah Wilke'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York
*1975, ''Hannah Wilke'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York
*1976, Fine Arts Gallery, University of California, Irvine
*1978, ''Through the Large Glass'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York
*1978, [[MoMA PS1|PS1]], Long Island City, New York
*1979, [[Washington Project for the Arts]], Washington, DC
*1984, ''Support Foundation Comfort'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/098-support-foundation-comfort-wilke-12-1-84-1-5-1985|title=Support/Foundation/Comfort|website=feldmangallery.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1989, Gallery 210, University of Missouri, St Louis
*1989, ''About Face'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/134-about-face-wilke-9-5-10-7-1989|title=About Face|website=feldmangallery.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1994, ''Intra-Venus'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York (traveling exhibition displaying photographs set out like the Stations of the Cross, showing her personal confrontation with her own death)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/164-intra-venus-wilke-1-8-2-19-1994|title=Intra-Venus|website=feldmangallery.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1996, ''Hannah Wilke: Performalist Self-Portraits and Video/Film Performances 1976'' – ''85,'' Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/181-performalist-self-portraits-and-video-film-performances-wilke-9-21-10-19-1996|title=Performalist Self-Portraits and Video/Film Performances|website=feldmangallery.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1998, ''Hannah Wilke: A Retrospective'', [[Kunsthallen Nikolaj|Nikolaj Contemporary Art Center]], Copenhagen (traveling exhibition)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nikolajkunsthal.dk/en/udstillinger/hannah-wilke-retrospective|title=Hannah Wilke (retrospective) {{!}} www.nikolajkunsthal.dk|website=www.nikolajkunsthal.dk|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312084420/https://www.nikolajkunsthal.dk/en/udstillinger/hannah-wilke-retrospective|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1999, ''Hannah Wilke: Sculpture &amp; Other Work'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/203-sculpture-and-other-work-wilke-10-16-11-13-1999|title=Sculpture and Other Work|website=feldmangallery.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2000, ''Uninterrupted Career: Hannah Wilke 1940–1993'', [[Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst|Neue Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst]], Berlin&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*2006, ''Exchange Values'', [[Artium Museum|Artium- Centro Museo Vasco de Arte Contemporaneo]], Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artium.eus/en/exhibitions/item/55714-hannah-wilke.-exchange-values|title=Hannah Wilke. Exchange Values|website=www.artium.eus|language=es-es|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2007, ''Intra-Venus Tapes 1990-1993'', Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/260-intra-venus-tapes-wilke-9-8-10-13-2007|title=Intra-Venus Tapes 1990-1993|website=feldmangallery.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2008, ''Hannah Wilke: Gestures'', [[Neuberger Museum of Art]], Purchase, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.neuberger.org/exhibitions.php?view=158|title=Hannah Wilke: Gestures|website=Neuberger Museum of Art|access-date=2019-07-31}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2010, ''Early Drawings,'' Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/284-early-drawings-wilke-9-11-10-30-2010|title=Early Drawings|website=feldmangallery.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2014, ''Hannah Wilke, Sculpture: 1960s-80s'', Alison Jacques Gallery, London&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alisonjacquesgallery.com/exhibitions/108/works/|title=Works {{!}} HANNAH WILKE: SCULPTURE 1960s – '80s|website=Alison Jacques Gallery|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312084022/https://www.alisonjacquesgallery.com/exhibitions/108/works/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2018, ''Hannah Wilke'', Alison Jacques Gallery, London&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alisonjacquesgallery.com/exhibitions/166/overview/|title=HANNAH WILKE|website=Alison Jacques Gallery|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11|archive-date=2018-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133716/https://www.alisonjacquesgallery.com/exhibitions/166/overview/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2019, ''Force of Nature,'' Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feldmangallery.com/index.php/exhibition/344-wilke-force-of-nature-09-19-19-11-30-19|title=Force of Nature|website=feldmangallery.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga koleksyon ==
An pira sa mga gibo ni Wilke mahihiling sa mga minasunod na mga koleksyon:
* [[Brooklyn Museum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/hannah-wilke|title=Brooklyn Museum: Hannah Wilke|website=www.brooklynmuseum.org|access-date=2018-03-11|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083516/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/hannah-wilke|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Albright–Knox Art Gallery|Albright-Knox Art Gallery]], Buffalo, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.albrightknox.org/artworks/1976101-10-untitled-hannah-wilke-monument|title=Untitled, from the Hannah Wilke Monument {{!}} Albright-Knox|website=www.albrightknox.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Des Moines Art Center]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://emuseum.desmoinesartcenter.org/objects/37379/marxism-and-art-beware-of-fascist-feminism?ctx=93e118d3-f1c8-4479-8148-4d3e0d94e5b9&amp;idx=0|title=Marxism and Art: Beware of Fascist Feminism – Works – Des Moines Art Center|website=emuseum.desmoinesartcenter.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083857/http://emuseum.desmoinesartcenter.org/objects/37379/marxism-and-art-beware-of-fascist-feminism?ctx=93e118d3-f1c8-4479-8148-4d3e0d94e5b9&amp;idx=0|archive-date=2018-03-12|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Tate Modern]], London, England&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/hannah-wilke-11355|title=Hannah Wilke 1940-1993 {{!}} Tate|last=Tate|work=Tate|access-date=2018-03-11|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/168628|title=Hannah Wilke {{!}} LACMA Collections|website=collections.lacma.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía]], Madrid, Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/coleccion/autor/wilke-hannah|title=Wilke, Hannah|website=www.museoreinasofia.es|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Walker Art Center|Walker Arts Center]], Minneapolis, MN&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artworks/teasel-cushion|title=Teasel Cushion|website=walkerart.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Yale University Art Gallery]], New Haven, CT&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/117472|title=U.S.S. Missouri|website=artgallery.yale.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Jewish Museum (Manhattan)|Jewish Museum]], New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thejewishmuseum.org/collection/artist/hannah-wilke-american-1940-1993|title=The Jewish Museum|website=thejewishmuseum.org|access-date=2018-03-12|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312084303/https://thejewishmuseum.org/collection/artist/hannah-wilke-american-1940-1993|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!?q=Hannah%20Wilke|title=Collection|website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum|access-date=2018-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]], New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/9640|title=S.O.S. Starification Object Series (Back)|date=1974-01-01|work=Guggenheim|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://collection.whitney.org/artist/9858/HannahWilke|title=Whitney Museum of American Art: Hannah Wilke|website=collection.whitney.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-12|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083835/http://collection.whitney.org/artist/9858/HannahWilke|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]], Oberlin, OH&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/emuseum/view/objects/aslist/1549;jsessionid=E86A3708C84468DCEBDF34A98E4D2BB9?t:state:flow=3747da39-5c30-4092-aaea-fef282855e38|title=eMuseum|website=allenartcollection.oberlin.edu|access-date=2018-03-12}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Centre Georges Pompidou]], Paris, France&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/ressource.action?param.id=FR_R-b95b3cf97361ff13ee5aa562854459f7&amp;param.idSource=FR_P-b95b3cf97361ff13ee5aa562854459f7|title=Hannah Wilke {{!}} Centre Pompidou|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en|accessdate=2021-04-14|archivedate=2018-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083331/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/ressource.action?param.id=FR_R-b95b3cf97361ff13ee5aa562854459f7&amp;param.idSource=FR_P-b95b3cf97361ff13ee5aa562854459f7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Princeton University Art Museum]], Princeton, NJ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/maker/16824|title=Hannah Wilke {{!}} Princeton University Art Museum|website=artmuseum.princeton.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-03-12|archive-date=2016-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429084622/http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/maker/16824|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* David Winton Bell Gallery, [[Brown University]], Providence, RI&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brown.edu/campus-life/arts/bell-gallery/collection?quick=Hannah%20Wilke|title=Search the Collection {{!}} David Winton Bell Gallery|website=www.brown.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nevada Museum of Art]], Reno, NV&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://publicsearch.nevadaart.org/RediscoveryProficioPublicSearch/ShowImageView.aspx?12911+objects|title=Hannah Wilke, Mountain Creek}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Rose Art Museum]], Brandeis University, Waltham, MA&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*[[University of Michigan Museum of Art]], Ann Arbor, MI&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exchange: Handle with Care|url=https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/31702|access-date=2021-01-15|website=exchange.umma.umich.edu|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121210711/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/31702|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya: Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2020]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2021]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gadia Lohar</title>
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[[Image:gaduliya.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Sarong daraga sa tribu kan Gadia Lohar nin [[Marwar]], nagluluto sa luwas kan sarong baryo kan distrito nin [[Ratlam]]]]
An mga '''Gadia Lohar''' (inaarapod man na '''Gaduliya Lohar o Rajput Lohar''') mga  [[nomada|nomada]]ng [[komunidad]] kan [[Rajasthan]], [[Indya]]. Sinda nakukua man sa rona' nin [[Malwa]] kan [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Sinda inapod na ''lohar'' (panday sa batbat) sa hanapbuhay asin sinda lahaw-lahaw na, na kun saen-saen nakakaduman na gamit mga karita guyod nin mga bullock, na sa Hindi inaapod na ''gadi'', kaya iyo an rason kun ano ta nabansagan sindang  'Gadia Lohar'. Ining mga Lohar na ini bantogan sa pagpanday asin paghirahay nin mga kasangkapan sa pag'uma asin mga gamit sa harong.&lt;ref&gt;India's nomads.[https://www.dw.com/en/indias-nomads-the-forgotten-world-of-the-gadia-lohar/av-59693170] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113154016/https://www.dw.com/en/indias-nomads-the-forgotten-world-of-the-gadia-lohar/av-59693170 |date=2021-11-13 }}Kinua 11-13-21.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kun saen sinda harale', daing kalinawan na gayo. An saindang mga apo sinasabi dati mga panday sa hokbo asin an kapu'ngalan susog sa mga oro-iristorya iyo daa an nagngangaran [[Maharana Pratap]] na taga [[Mewar]] Kan an Mewar masakop kan mga [[Mughal]] nagsumpa' sinda na dai na nanggad mabaralik sa banwa ninda o mag'estar maski saen na lugar sagkod na dai makabalik an saindang teritoryo asin mabilog giraray an saindang nasyon na Rana.

Titulo asin Gotra kan Gadia Lohar Rajput
#[[Parmar]]
#[[Solanki]]
#[[Sisodiya]]
#[[Dabhi (gotra)|Dabhi]]
#[[Chauhan]]
#[[Parihar]]
#[[Tanwar]]
#[[Devda (gotra)|Devda]]
#[[Borena (gotra)|Borana]]
#[[Rana (title)|Rana]]
Sarong dokumentaryo tituladong &quot;Gadia Lohar: A Life and Livelihood in Question?&quot; (Hindi/Mini DV/ 24 minuto / 2005/) piggibong pelikula kan direktor na si Meenakshi Vinay Rai.
==Senso kan populasyon==
Poon pa kan 1931 daing ginibo daang senso kan komunidad nin mga Gadia Lohar kaya dai aram nanggad kun pira na sinda sa presente asin kun saraen sinda wararak bilang sarong komunidad etniko.&lt;ref&gt;Daing presenteng sensus[https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-miss-india-uk-s-documentary-to-showcase-life-of-gaddi-lohar-community-2730524] Deana Uppal shoots film on the Gadia Lohars.Kinua 11-13-21.&lt;/ref&gt;


==Hilnga man==
* [[Banwang Rajasthani]]
* [[Rajasthan]]
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{tamboan}}

==Panluwas na takod ==
{{commonscat|Gadia Lohar}}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=mgVwv9Kf0DsC&amp;pg=PA55&amp;dq Explains a lot about the Gadia Lohars (Blacksmith)]
*[http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/India/photo265850.htm Gadia Lohar]
*[http://www.loupiote.com/sets/72157621238787512.shtml Photos of Gaduliya Lohars]
*[http://www.lohars.org Website of the Lohar Community]
*[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1984_Oct/ai_3455604/?tag=content;col1 The Gaduliya Lohars: India's wandering blacksmiths - UNESCO Courier, Oct 1984, by Esteban Cobas Puente] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712133708/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1984_Oct/ai_3455604/ |date=2012-07-12 }}
*[http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/02/nomads/lancaster-text India's Lost Nomads - National Geographic]
*[https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-miss-india-uk-s-documentary-to-showcase-life-of-gaddi-lohar-community-2730524 Deana Uppal shoots film on the gaddia Lohars ]

[[Kategorya:Historya kan Rajasthan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga komunidad sa Rajasthan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga modernong mga nomada]]


{{India-ethno-stub}}</text>
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    <title>Karen Jamieson</title>
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      <text bytes="5761" sha1="od3qc60warflt7t2qj28z54pn3bxjfq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artist
| name = Karen Jamieson
| image = File:Karen Jamieson firewood-08262010-DSC 8184.jpg
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|07|10}}
| birth_place = Vancouver, British Columbia
| nationality = [[Canadians|Canadian]]
| education = Bachelor of Arts; [[University of British Columbia]]
Dance; [[Simon Fraser University]], independent study in New York
}}
Si '''Karen Jamieson''' (namundag Hulyo 10, 1946) sarong Kanadyanong parabayli, koreograpo, asin paratukdo nin bayli sa [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
|url=https://vancouversun.com/entertainment/Saying+what+words+Karen+Jamieson+explores+body+within+body+dance+solo/9994423/story.html
|title=Saying what words can't: Karen Jamieson explores the body within the body in a new dance solo
|last=Meyers
|first=Deborah
|work=vancouversun.com
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821043818/https://vancouversun.com/entertainment/Saying+what+words+Karen+Jamieson+explores+body+within+body+dance+solo/9994423/story.html
|archive-date=August 21, 2017
|language=en-ca
|accessdate=February 23, 2022
|archivedate=August 21, 2017
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821043818/https://vancouversun.com/entertainment/Saying+what+words+Karen+Jamieson+explores+body+within+body+dance+solo/9994423/story.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karera ==
Kaamayi kan 1970 si Jamieson kairiba mga parabayling sinda [[Merce Cunningham]], [[Martha Graham]], asin [[Alwin Nikolais]], kaiba mga koreograpong [[Yvonne Rainer]] asin si [[Phyllis Lamhut]], sinda gabos naghurubo sa Nweba York. Durante kan panahon niya sa Nweba York si Jamieson nag'adal nin modernong klasikong mga teknik nin pagbayli asin luway-luway naghaman siya nin sadiring koreograpo.&lt;ref name=vanart&gt;
{{Cite web
|url=http://vancouverartinthesixties.com/people/148
|title=Karen Jamieson
|website=vancouverartinthesixties.com
|language=en
|access-date=2017-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pagbalik sa Vancouver kan 1974, si Jamieson nagpoon magtukdo sa [[Simon Fraser University]] (SFU). Kan 1975 kapwa-pinundar niya an inapod na experimental movement collective [[Terminal City Dance]], kun saen an dangog niya komo koreograpo asin parabayli urog na nagtalubo. Kan 1980 saiyang tinugdas an [[Karen Jamieson Dance Company]] na tampok saiyang koreograpo.&lt;ref name=vanart/&gt; Poon kaidto, si Jamieson nagturuhok nang husto sa kun pa'no mapataas an kalidad kan bayli niya asin makaigwang lipotok na relasyon sa mga artista kan mga [[Enot na mga nasyon nin Kanada|Enot na Nasyon]].&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web
|url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/dialogue-through-dance-this-new-show-is-a-conversation-between-indigenous-and-european-traditions-1.4033451
|title=Dialogue through dance: This new show is a conversation between Indigenous and European traditions {{!}} CBC Arts
|website=www.cbc.ca
|language=en-CA
|access-date=2017-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Jamieson nagpoon magkitrabaho sa mga resdidente kan [[Downtown Eastside]] taon 2006, na kun saen siya nagtugdas nin programa nin pagmentor para sa mga hubin na mga parabayoi asin koreograpo.&lt;ref name=Straight2016&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.straight.com/arts/693921/dance-artist-karen-jamieson-receives-isadora-award|title=Dance artist Karen Jamieson receives Isadora Award|date=2016-05-06|work=Georgia Straight Vancouver's News &amp; Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2016, siya minidbid sa Isadora Award, &quot;sa saiyang ambag para sa pagpagantad kan  bayli sa British Columbia asin Canada,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Zagar, Mirna. 2016 &quot;Press release&quot;. The Dance Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan mga taon 2017, siya nakamukna na nin mga haros 100 na mga bayling obra.&lt;ref name=Straight2016 /&gt;

== Mga gawad asin onra ==
* 1980 - Jean A. Chalmers choreographic award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis|
last=Dangeli|
first=Mique'l|
title=Dancing sovereignty : protocol and politics in northwest coast First Nations dance|
page=55|
date=April 2015|
degree=Ph.D.|
publisher=The University of British Columbia|
url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0166268|
format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013 - City of Vancouver's Mayor's Arts Award for Dance&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/people-programs/dance.aspx|title=Mayor's Arts Award for Dance|last=Vancouver|first=City of|date=2016-09-26|website=vancouver.ca|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-21|archive-date=2017-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821084840/http://vancouver.ca/people-programs/dance.aspx|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016 - Isadora award for Excellence in Dance&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.allianceforarts.com/blog/2016/5/9/karen-jamieson-receives-isadora-award-for-excellence-in-dance|title=Karen Jamieson Receives Isadora Award for Excellence in Dance|work=BC Alliance for Arts + Culture|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en-CA|accessdate=2022-02-23|archivedate=2022-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223053829/https://www.allianceforarts.com/blog/2016/5/9/karen-jamieson-receives-isadora-award-for-excellence-in-dance}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Straight2016 /&gt;
* 2018 - Induction into the Encore! Dance Hall of Fame.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.encoredancehalloffame.com/inductees |title=2018 Inductees |publisher=Dance Collection Danse |access-date=May 13, 2019 |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035511/https://www.encoredancehalloffame.com/inductees |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hilnga man ==
* [[Storm Bay (British Columbia)]]

== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* [http://www.kjdance.ca/ Karen Jamieson Dance Company]
{{Poon}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamieson, Karen}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1946 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Kanadayanong parabayling babae]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Kanadyanong koreograpo]]

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  <page>
    <title>Optimus Prime</title>
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      <text bytes="30790" sha1="1ltebz6ptnpbgtu7kjtx8ie0apgpuse" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Transformers character}}{{For|the comic book series featuring the character|Optimus Prime (comics)}}{{For|the Tesla prototype|Optimus (robot)}}{{multiple issues|{{In-universe|date=December 2021}}
{{overly detailed|date=March 2025}}
{{original research|date=April 2025}}}} {{Infobox character|image=optimusprime-originaltoy.jpg|alt=|caption=Optimus Prime box art showing his original G1 toy design|voice={{collapsible list|title=English|
 |[[Peter Cullen]] (''[[The Transformers (TV series)|The Transformers]]'', ''[[Rise of the Dark Spark]]'', ''[[Transformers: Devastation]]'', ''[[Transformers: Prime]]'', ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots]]'', ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)]]'', ''[[Transformers: Titans Return]]'')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Exclusive: Peter Cullen Interview |url=http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/795/795203p1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311104725/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/795/795203p1.html |archive-date=2012-03-11 |access-date=2010-10-12 |work=IGN |accessdate=2025-07-14 |archivedate=2012-03-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311104725/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/795/795203p1.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | Ron Hayden (20th Anniversary toy sound base, ''Universe'' Flash cartoon)
 |  [[Neil Kaplan]] (''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2001 TV series)]]'')
 |  [[Garry Chalk]] (Unicron Trilogy)
 |  [[Robert Belgrade]] (''[[Transformers (2003 video game)]]'')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Narration – Belgrade Music |url=https://www.belgrademusic.com/narration/ |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=belgrademusic.com |archive-date=2022-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224220325/https://www.belgrademusic.com/narration/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |  [[David Kaye (voice actor)|David Kaye]] (''[[Transformers: Animated]]'')
 |  [[Jon Bailey]] (''[[Transformers: Combiner Wars]]'', Transformers: Tactical Arena, Transformers: Beyond Reality)
 |  [[Alan Tudyk]] (''[[Transformers: EarthSpark]]'')
 |  Jake Foushee (''[[Transformers: Cyberverse]]'', ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots Academy]]'', ''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron Trilogy]]'', ''Transformers: Battlegrounds'')
|   [[Chris Hemsworth]] (''[[Transformers One]]'')}}
{{collapsible list|title=Japanese| [[Tesshō Genda]]
 | [[Satoshi Hashimoto]]
 | [[Toru Ohkawa]]
 | [[Katsuyuki Konishi]]
 | [[Taiten Kusunoki]]
 | [[Hiroki Takahashi]]
 | [[Toshiyuki Morikawa]]
 | [[Yuichi Nakamura (voice actor)|Yuichi Nakamura]]}}|affiliation=[[Autobot]]/Maximal|lbl21=Japanese name|data21=Convoy|lbl22=Sub-group|data22=Action Masters, Autorollers, Combat Heroes, Deluxe Vehicles, Go-Bots, Masterpiece, Primes, Powermasters, Voyagers|lbl23=Function|data23=Autobot Leader, Supreme Commander, Chief Commander|lbl24=Rank|data24=10|lbl31=Partner|data31=Roller, Hi-Q|lbl32=Motto|data32={{ubl|&quot;Freedom is the right of all sentient beings.&quot; (Generation 1)|&quot;No sacrifice is too great in the service of freedom.&quot; (Classics)}}|lbl33=Alternate modes|data33=Freightliner Cab-over-engine [[truck classification|Class 8]] [[truck]], Cybertronian truck, COBRA Sentry &amp; Missile System tank, 1920s style truck, [[Peterbilt]] Truck, Mid-90s Peterbilt 4964EX Tanker Truck, [[Lamborghini Diablo]], Dump truck, [[Dodge Ram SRT-10]], [[Nissan GT-R]], Bat}}[[Ladawan:Optimus Prime.jpg|thumb|'''Optimus Prime''']]
Si '''Optimus Prime''', na midbid sa [[Hapon]] bilang '''Convoy''' (コンボイ, ''Konboi''), sarong imbentong karakter na minukna kan mga Transformers franchise. Optimus Prime. midbid sa Hapon as. Convoy. Siya sarong Cybertroniano, sarong fictional extraterrestrial na species nin nagpadarang mga sadiring-tawo na nagmomostra nin mga robotikong mga buhay (e.g.:  ) Mga kotse asin iba pang bagay), sarong signipikanteng kombinasyon nin biolohikal na ebolusyon asin teknolohikong inhenyeriya. Sa haros gabos na bersion kan mga osipon, si Optimus iyo an namomoon sa mga Autobot, sarong grupo nin mga Transformer na karibal kan mga Decepticon, saro pang grupo. Autobots. Decepticons Pigtatawan siyang kahulugan kan saiyang makusog na moral na karakter asin haros pirmi siyang ilinaladawan bilang an panginot na heroe kan istorya, na kinokontra an maraot na lider kan Decepticon na si Megatron. mo. Megatrron.

Sa kasaysayan kan Transformers franchise, si Optimus ilinadawan nin laen - laen na aktor, arog ni Peter Cullin, Garry Chalk, Neil Kapillan, David Kaye asin Jake Tillman. Peter Cullin. Garry Chalak. Neil Kapplan. Siya konsideradong ladawan kan popular na kultura asin natampok sa dai mabilang na porma nin media.
[[Kategorya:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields|5Optimus Prime]]
== An buhay na biograpiya sa karakter ==
[[File:Reagan-transformers.jpg|too|thumb|Si Optimus Prime nabisto si Ronald Reagan sa Transformers Marvel UK komiks. Ronald Reagan. Transformers]]

=== Kapag - arakian 1 ===
An orihinal na espesye kan Generation 1 Optimus Prime pig-eestima na si Optimus Prime binibilog nin tulong elemento: An Humanoid &quot;Brain Center&quot; (na minaliwat sa truck cab), an &quot;Combat Deck&quot; (na minaliwat sa aircraft trailer) asin an &quot;Scut Car,&quot; sarong daing-boses na anom-na-waheleng buggy na an apod Roller, na pwedeng magsakay sa laog kan trailer sa trak. An gabos na tolong elemento puedeng magpunsionar nin independiente, alagad an danyos sa saro namamatean kan duwa pa. Minsan siring, sa kadaklan na kabtang kan eroestorya, an gubing na gibo sa tawo sa katunayan iyo an Optimus Prime, na an duwa pang elemento tinatratar na madali sanang mawara an eksena kun an Optimus Primer mga pagbabago sa trak maghabon.

=== ''Transformers: Robots in Disguise'' ===
 
[[Kategorya:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields|5Optimus Prime]]
Optimus Prime iyo an final protagonist kan mga Transformer: Si Robots in Disguise (Fire Convoy sa orihinal na bersyon nin Hapon) sanga kan unibersong Transformers. Transformers: Transformers. Robots in Disguise. Fire Convoy. Transformers uniberso&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=TRANSFORMERS ROBOTS IN DISGUISE Returns! Hasbro Launches Product Line Based on Original '80s Theme; Fox Kids Series to Debut September 8th|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_5/ai_77846707/|accessdate=2022-03-03|archivedate=2005-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050510043139/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_5/ai_77846707}}&lt;/ref&gt; Base sa karakter kan parehong pangaran, si Primer naman an nangenot sa mga Autobot laban sa mga Decticon. An saiyang boses na aktor, si Neil Kaplan, naggigibo kan saiyang boses sa sarong estilo na nagpapagirumdom kan boses ni Peter Cullin, an boses kan orihinal na Optimus Prime. Neil Kapplan. Peter Cullin An Walang Magasin namuno sa Fire Convoy bilang saro sa 12 pinakamaribok na mga ideyang Transformers sa gabos na panahon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Less Than Meets the Eye: The 12 Most Ridiculous Transformers of All Time|url=https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2008/08/less-than-meets/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nakatago sa Daga bilang ordinaryo, pan - aroaldaw na mga behikulo, an mga Autobot napiritan na lumuwas kun mag - abot na an Megatron asin an saiyang mga Presidon asin humiro nin grabe sa saindang mga pagprobar na maabot an kapangyarihan kan manlaenlaen na gikanan nin enerhiya kan Daga. Sa unibersong ini, an Primerong Optimus ginigibong makina sa kalayo. Ini man an pinakaenot na nacion nin Optimus Prime na ginibong Fire Engine. 

=== Tampok na mga Kabtang sa Barko ===
 
[[Kategorya:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields|5Optimus Prime]]
Si Optimus Prime nagluwas sa Transformers Anied series kan 2008 bilang sarong pulang trak nin semi-trailer, na kayang iangay sa dakol na &quot;trailer&quot; na relasyon, nangorogna saro na epektibong minagibo sa saiya na trak sa kalayo. Transformers Animed. semi-trailer boarder Bakong arog kan ibang mga Primera hayop na Optimus, an sarong ini mas hoben na gayo.

May kakayahan si Optimus na baguhon an arin man na parte kan saiyang malagong hawak na magin kasangkapan o gadget. tool. Igwa siyang mga kinamumugtakan na mga linya sa saiyang mga patos. An saiyang mga ulod puede man na makadakop nin mga buskay. boslas Kaiba sa saiyang arsenal an pagkaigwa nin gripler, pagparong nin kalayo asin negatibong dai pagkakaoyon. Bakong arog sa gabos na nakaaging serye, an saiyang lalawgon haros pirming mahihiling, nin huli ta an saiyang nguso reremedyo arog kan sa 2007 na buhay-liwat na pelikula.

An anggot na si Optimus Prime, sa sarong motor na kalayo sa Daga, minalataw bilang sarong bantog na karakter sa dramang Transformers Netjet kan Hasbro. Transformers Imbes na siya an lider kan mga Autobot, si Primer talagang sarong hadoyan hale sa Bantay Elita. Apesar bako na siyang myembro, pinamantener niya an ranggo niya sa militar na &quot;Prime.&quot; An tsart sa timbangan na ilinuwas para sa serye nagpaparisa na si Optimus Prime nagtitindog na mga 22 metros an langkaw.

Sa anóm na serye, si Optimus Prime orihinal sa Autobot Academy asin mga katood kaiba si Sentinel Prime asin Elita One. Kan an Elita mawara sa sarong planeta na dominado nin sarong higanteng mga dayong arog - lawa, binasol nia an saiyang sadiri huli sa pagbaya sa saiya, kun saen sia nagadan daa sa pagputok nin naraot na Decepticon warship na kargado ni Emergon. spider. Dai siya pinatawad ni Sentinel sa pagkawara kaini asin lubos na responsibilidad ni Optimus sa pagkagadan ni Elita. Ini an nagkawsa ki Optimus Prime na makahubo' sa Autobot Academy. Minsan siring, binubuo ni Ultra Magno an nagkapirang bagay tanganing an Optimus Prime magin kapitan nin sarong pambihirang Tulay nin Space rehicted crew na kinomponer nin sarong vet na an ngaran Ratchet, sarong nagdulag nang kadeta na an ngaran Bumblebee, asin an saiyang kapwa kadet Bulkhead. Bumblebee. Si Optimus iyo an nagtaong pagboot sa kabitoonan na iyo an sasakyan mode kan Omega Supremo. Omega Supremo.

Si Optimus Prime nagluwas sa mga karakter sa Re-Unification, an 2010 TFCon ▁voice aktor play prelude komedya. Re-Unificationification.

=== ''Marigon na Padagos na Pagpadagos'' ===
 
[[Kategorya:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields|5Optimus Prime]]
Si Optimus Prime iyo an lider kan mayor na grupo nin mga Autobot sa ispeling kan Transformers franchise na pangenot na pigmarkahan kan 2010 computer-animed series na Transformers: Prime in The Hub. Transformers: Prime.  Si Optimus Prime pigmukna bilang huri kan Thite Primes, an inot na henerasyon nin Transformers, na an lambang saro direktang minukna ni Primus bilang sarong banda nin napapalaen na mga parapakilaban tanganing malabanan asin madaog an Unicron. Kan sia lalangon, pinagsaro ni Optimus an Toiren paagi kan saiyang pataratara na saro sana an gabos. Minsan ngani an gabos na iba pang miembro kan Torene igwa nin pambihirang mga abilidad asin gibo nin tawo, si Optimus dai naggamit nin espesyal na mga kapangyarihan o armas. An saiyang bisyon asin kosog nin boot sana an nagtogot na sa katapustapusi madaog kan Thorne si Unicron. Pinangaki sa paagi kan Bantog sa Gabos na Sparks, si Orion Pax nagin Optimus Prime, sarong beteranong komandante militar asin ikaduwa sa pagbuot na nagkapot nin son blaster asin may dobleng bilang nin Enerogon na patok. Siya an nagin lider kan Autobots matapos si Sentinel Zeta Prime nahulog sa ralaban, alagad bakong segurado na gusto niya an responsibilidad.

Sa mga Paratradusir: An sunod - sunod na serye, puede siang magbilog nin mga armas na may tarom o putok hale sa saiyang kamot. Transformers: Primer Igwa siyang bisyon sa telescopiko asin ginigibong halabang syudad na semi-trailer. Bago an Dakulang Guerra, si Optimus Prime orihinal na inapod na Orion Pax; sarong hoben na klerk na dae nagtatrabaho sa Iacon, sa irarom kan pakpak ni Alpha Trion. Si Orion pinagpili kan Halangkaw na Konseho asin nagin &quot;Optimus Prime,&quot; kan siya pinagkatiwalaan kan Matrix of Lidership ni Primus mismo. 

=== Mga aktor sa Tingog ===
An Optimus Prime pangenot na tinatawan nin boses ni Peter Cullen sa kadaklan kan saiyang mga nacion, na iyo an nagpataram saiya sa orihinal na serye. Sunod sa produksyon kan 2007 na pelikula, si Cullen nagganap kan saiyang papel para sa mga sequel asin tagasuportang media asin maboses pa ngani si Optimus sa mga huring serye arog kan Transformers: Prime. Transformers: Primer Si Optimus naboses kan magkapira pang mga aktor sa boses sa ibang serye arog kan Neil Kaplan, Garry Chalk, asin David Kaye sa seryeng Transformers: Si Robots sa Disguise, an Unicron Trilogy, asin Transformers Animed.Garry Chalk. David Kaye. Transformers:  Robots in Disguise. Unicron Trilogy. Transformers Animed

== Comics ==

=== Marvel Comics ===
Kaidtong apat na milyon na taon na an nakaagi, si Cybertron, nagtanyog hale sa orbita kaiyan asin nag - agi sa espasyo, nameligro kan iyan lumataw sa dalan nin sarong omang asteroid. Si Primer namoon sa sarong grupo nin piling Autobot na mga parapakilaban sa Kaban, an Autobot starship, sa sarong misyon na laglagon an mga asteroid. Minsan ngani mapanggana an misyon, durante kan pagkatapos kan misyon na ini, an Kaban sinalakay nin mga Decapticon na naglalaom na madaog an saindang nanluluyang mga kaiwal. Desididong itago an mga hilom kan Kaban hale sa mga Decaptiko, ibinugtak ni Primer daga an baroto sa paagi nin paghugot, na ibagsak iyan sa prehistorikong planeta kan panahon na idto.

Kan huri, an mga Transformer gabos dinara sa Cybertron ni Primus tanganing labanan an Unicron. Uicron Maski na ngani na si Unicron pinagtokahan an Matrix pakatapos na gadanon si Thunding, si Primer nakaresibe asin nagdalisay kan Matrix. Dangan isinakripisyo ni Prime an saiyang buhay nin saro pang beses tanganing laglagon an Unicron paagi sa pag - apon kan Matrix sa saiyang ambon. Minsan siring, an proseso kan Pomaster nagtatrabaho na sa lubos na bogkos na Prime asin Hi-Q. An kagadanan ni Prime natapos an proseso, asin an duwang isip asin kalag nagin saro. An hawakg biomechanical ni Hi-Q hinalean asin pigsulit kan Huring Autobot, na binuhay liwat si Optimus Prime nin saro pang beses kaiba an duwang isip ngonyan. Last Autobot. Si Primerahan liwat an iba pang mga Transformer sa planetang Klo asin dinaog an mga Decticon ni Blumentritt.

Si Simon Furman's &quot;Alignment,&quot; sarong estorya sa teksto na makukua sa Transforce, sarong kombension sa British Transformers, nasambitan an Primer pagbagsak durante kan tuyong pinal na pakikilaban sa mga Decapticon sa Pinea Omicron, haloy na pakatapos kan mga pangyayari sa librong Generation 2 komiks. Simon Furman. Generation 2 Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Nadaog nia an Galvatron II, alagad sa paggibo kaiyan, naraot an siring kaya kinaipuhan ni Grimlo na gumibo nin sarong oma sa palibot nia tanganing iligtas an saiyang naglalaad na Spark, na ginigibong sarong nabubuhay na monumento de guerra si Prime. Grimock

Minsan ngani an ultimong kapaladan ni Prime dai aram, sa sarong estorya na may titulong &quot;Mga Banal sa Huring Aldaw nin Optimus Prime,&quot; gikan man sa Transforce, si Primer nag'aayog sa bagong Transformers edad na mayong gera asin naagi sa sarong Transformers pakatapos nin buhay, na pinag-aapod na &quot;J'wan..&quot; pakalihis nin buhay..&quot; Minsan siring, malibog an estorya, asin tibaad sarong metapora para ki Primer pag - iba giraray sa Matrix, siring kan saiyang panahon. Sa ronang ini, pigdulok siya kan Presdacon Sandstorm, na naghingoang makiulay sa tabang ni Primer asin kan iba pang osipon na Transformers sa pag'atubang sa sarong mestisong Unicron/Predacon na an pangaran Shokarct. Predacon. Sandstorm. Unicron. Si Prime nagsayuma, alagad kan huri pinangenotan an sarong grupo nin mga Transformer, kaiba an Megatron, Grimlock, asin Soundwave), tanganing irayo an atension kan linalang mantang inaatubang ni Primus an pangultimong hampak. .

=== Nagbubunga nin mga Pagbabago sa Pangarap ===
Kan ika - 21 siglo, sa pag - imahinar giraray kan orihinal na pagpapadagos kan Dreamwave Productions, pinonan ni Optimus Prime an buhay bilang sarong dae archive na midbid bilang Ostronix o Orion sa saiyang mga katood. Dreamwave. Paka'ako nin sarong laban kun saen an lider kan Autobot na si Sentinel Prime nagadan na kan Megatron, siya ipinaapod sa Konseho nin Kagurangan asin pinaisi na an Matrix pinili na siya an sunod na lider kan Autobots. Inako nia an Matrix of Lidership dai nahaloy pakatapos kaiyan asin iinareglo an pag - ebakwit nin Autobot sa Cybertron. Katuyohan niang bayaan an mga Decepticon sa sadiri nindang mga kasangkapan, alagad an pakikilaban ki Megatron sa irarom kan ibabaw kan planeta, kaiba an mga bisyon hale sa Matrix, nagpahiro sa saiya na makilaban para sa kaligtasan kan saiyang kinaban.

Sarong beses sa saiyang papel bilang lider, si Prime nawara kaiba ni Megatron sa sarong eksperimento sa espasyo, na naggagamit nin peryodo nin panahon sa Quintessa, alagad nagbalik paghaloyhaloy. Quintessa. An mga pangyayari sa panahon na ini dai pa naresolberan bilang resulta kan pagbugtak ni Dreamwave.

An aktuwal na mga pangyayari sa Autobots asin Decapticon na nag - abot sa Daga nungkang inimprenta ni Dreamwave mga komiks, alagad an mga kilyab kan mga pangyayari inimprenta kan huri. An mga kilyab na ini nagsusuherir na an mga Autobot nag - aalyado sa katawohan asin dinaog an mga Dekaptiko sa kapinonan kan siglo. Plano nindang magbalik sa Cybertron lunad sa bagong itogdok na Kaban II, alagad an barko linaglag bilang kabtang nin sarong labanan militar tanganing kontrolon an mga Transformers.  Arrk II. Sarong teroristang organisasyon, na pinapadalagan kan enigmatikong si Lazaro, an nakaagaw sa kontrol kan magkapira sa mga Transformers na naglusob sa Daga mantang an militar kan E.U. sinakop na an hawak ni Primer. Bago siya magharale, si Prime pinagkatiwalaan nin sadit na kabtang kan Matrix pasiring sa Spike Witwicky, na napiritan kan produktong hepe, si Heneral Hallo, na gamiton ini sa pagreak ki Primer. Sa giraray, ginamit ni Prime an Matrix tanganing humiro nin orog pa manongod sa saiyang makasalan na mga kairiba, dangan napaatubang sia sa Megatron sa San Francisco.

Kasunod kan ralaban, si Prime nagpoon na makaeksperyensia nin subconscious na mga pagsadol, na minagiya kapwa sa mga Autobots asin sa mga Decepticon pasiring sa Arctic Circle. Pag - abot ninda, yaon an Shockwave tanganing arestaron sinda bilang mga kriminal sa guerra. Nagin mapanggana si Shockwave sa pagtapos kan gera sa Cybertron, alagad dai nahaloy si Prime nahulog sa sarong rebeldeng grupo nin Autobot na nadiskobre na si Shockwave mas dakol nang agenda. Binawal an mga Transformer paibong sa Cybertron sa pangyari, si Primer nakahampang si Shockwave, alagad nadaog asin ipinangisi saiya kan Matrix asin dati iyo an nag'aakto sa Vector Sigma. Minsan siring, bago lubos na magagamit ni Shockwave an mega komputer na dae ginagamit ni Ultra Magno, an tugang ni Prime, nag - abot asin nagpaogma sa saiya. Ultra Magno An anggot na si Prime nag - agi durante kan ralaban na ini kinaipuhan an halawig na peryodo nin pagbabalik sa dati sa mga estasis, alagad an trusture ni Dreamwave nangahulogan na si Prime nungka nang naglataw giraray sa saindang mga pahina.

An Arte hale sa mga isyu na dai pa nakabutas kan huri nagpaheling ki Optimus Prime na napukawan nin lugar para sa pagkamundag liwat asin pinapatalingkas si Alpha Trion sa lab kan Shockwave.

Si Prime magibo nin dugang pang sorpresa sa mga Paratradusir kan Dreamwave: Armadas na serye, maski ngani bako man ini an Primero kan enot na serye ni Dreamwave.Transformers: Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Armadada Kan mawara an Optimus Prime of the Armadada, nagbungsod nin saro pang dingkilan kan kapangyarihan nin Unicron, an Chaos-Bringer nagpadara nin sarong pabalik sa saiyang sadire: An haros gadan nang si Optimus Prime hale sa unibersong iyan, na nagpatanid sa mga Paraliwat kan pag - abot ni Unicron sa saindang uniberso bago magadan.

=== IDW Pagpublikar ===
An mga nabawi na file ni Buldgeon nagdadara ki Optimus Prime to Earth, kun saen nadiskobre nin sarong Autobot det detachment na pinangengenotan ni Prowww na an sarong grupong Deepticon na pinangengenotan kan Starscram nagbari na nin pamantayan na proto pakatapos na madiskobre an sarong bagong porma nin Engrgon. Sörscrarsm. An Ore-13ng ini garo mansana &quot;Ultra-Energon&quot; na si Blumentritt dati binuhay liwat an Tundering, na dormant na para sa millennium pakatapos kan apocalipsis. Ginamit na iyan kan mga bitoon tanganing maggatong nin dai nagin mapangganang pagprobar na mag - erurp sa pamomoon ni Megatron, siring kan detalyadong detalyado sa mga pagmina nin Infiltreation.

Sa mga misionerong Escalation, si Megatron nagtratong Prime asin, binutsan kan Ore-13, nadadaog siya. Escalation. Huling naniniwala na gadan na an namomoon sa sainda, an iba pang miembro kan Autobots nagprobar na bakalon an bagong abot na si Hot Rod an panahon na tiponon an koro. Si Primer, na ibinalyo an saiyang pag'iisip sa sarong talikodan na memorya sa saiyang pwesto sa trailer, sinadol sinda na aprobetsaran an kaluyahan ni Ore-13 asin atsara an Megatron gabos, nata'wan nin kalapastanganan kan lider Decapticon na nagsuplay asin nagsabrit saiya.

Bumblebee, Jazz, Optimus Prime, Prowl, asin Ratchet nagluwas sa sarong New Avengers/Transformers na binalyo ni Marvel Comics asin IDW Publishing kan 2007. News Avengers/Transformers

Si Optimus Prime iyo an namoon sa Bumblebee, Drift, Kup, Prowll, Ratchet, asin Wheeljack sa Las Vegas kan maglusob an sarong barko sa Cybertronian, na igwa nin Galvatron, Cyclonus, Scourge, asin sarong pagsalakay nin mga zampies hale sa ibang uniberso. Las Vegas An mga pagprobar kan Galvatron na magboot sa mga Autobot asin, pakatapos na labanan iyan, ipinaliliwanag an saiyang misyon na pumondo sa daing kagadanan na pag - atake. An Wheeljack nagbubugtak nin kalasag nin enerhiya sa palibot kan siudad tanganing papagdanayon na yaon an kariribokan, alagad iyan nagdanay sana sa laog nin 24 oras. Sa ibong kan paghihingoang magkaigwa kaiyan, narealisar ni Kup na an Bayonet, sarong Decepticon sa pagboot ni Galvatron, bakong iyo sana an itsura nia. Siya palan an extradimensional na humimpire Britt.

== Mga kawat na Video ==
An Kapag-arakian 1 Optimus Prime pig-alok man na maging nakaka-loverableng laog para sa pirang bersyon kan 2009 pantolong-person na paraarte na Transformers: Repekto kan Fallen. Generasyon 1. Transformers: Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Pagbawi kan Pagkadakop

Si Unicron Trilogy Optimus Prime kabilang sa mga karakter na nagluwas sa 2004 Transformers video game for the PlayStation 2. Uicron Trilogy. Transformers. PlayStation 2&lt;ref&gt;Atari Begins the Ultimate Conflict with Worldwide Release of TRANSFORMERS Video Game, Business Wire, May 12, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;VIDEO GAME REVIEWS: You can swerve to avoid 'Driv3r', Charleston Gazette; August 21, 2004; by Jeb Haught&lt;/ref&gt;

Movie Optimus Prime nagluwas sa dakol na kawat sa video na Transformers. Movie. Transformers

Si Optimus Prime kaiba man sa mga karakter na nagluwas sa kilyab na TRSFRMERS CVBERSERSERSTter Game. TRSERMERS CVBERSARSTH Gumer Gomme. An Optimus Prime saro sa mga Autobot na pigtatampok sa mga Transformer: An Ride sa Universal Studios theme parks. Transformers: The Ride. Universal Studios Sa pagsakay, si Optimus luminaban tumang sa nananakyadang mga Deepticon sa opisina prinsipal kan N.E.T. mantang sinasabihan si Evac na dumulag kaiba an shard kan AllSpark. Piglalaban niya an Megatron sa bilog na pagsakay sagkod na magadan si Megatron ni Evac. Dangan, si Optimus ikinokonsentrar si Evac asin an mga nakasakay sa pagprotehir sa AlSpark.

An sinasabing Optimus Prime iyo an saro sa mga makarawat na karakter sa 2008 Transformers Anited video game for the Nintendo DS. Animed. Transformers Animed. Nintendo DS.

Dangan an Optimus Prime naiisihan na an Megatron nakaulakit na sa pinakaugat kan Cybertron na may maitom na nergon asin itinatao an trabaho na mahale an danyos na ginibo. Pakasalbara ki Omega Supremo, Optimus, Ironhide, asin si Prowwwar nakipaglaban sagkod sa pinakasentro, alagad huri nang marhay. Omega Supremo. An pinakalaog na informon iyo si Optimus na iyan sobrang marhay. Iyan kayang hirahayon an sadiri paagi sa pagpinto, alagad iyan maabot nin minilyon na taon. Kan panahon na iyan, si Cybertron kaipuhan na magin malipot, baog, asin dai maeerokan. An laog kaiyan nagtatao ki Optimus nin sadit na pidaso mismo, na sinasabi na iyan magdadanay sagkod na yaon pa iyan. Inako ni Optimus an pagabat asin binutasan nia an Autobot Matrix of Lidership.

Sa pakaaram na nagagadan an planeta, ipinagboot ni Optimus an lagdoan na pag - ebakwit sa gabos na siudad nin Autobot, alagad dakol na bapor an lalaglagon kan Decepton satelayt Trypticon, sa pagboot hale sa Megatron na mayo nin siisay man na mahale sa planeta. Trypticon Pinagbotan nia an Aerialbots na si Jetfire, Silverbolt asin Air Raid na maglayog asin laglagon an Trypticon. Aerialbots. Silverbolt. Air Raid An aeryal na tribu kayang raoton an jet pote ni Tryption asin ipadara an beheth beheth sa Cybertron, kun saen si Optimus Prime asin an bandang Autobots magkasabay na daog-daog saiya, na pinapadara siya sa sarong pool nin hilaw na energon. Si Optimus asin an mga natatadang Autobot nagboluntaryo na magdagos asin magsurog ki Cybertron sa Megatron sagkod na posible mantang an iba pa nag'eestar sa planeta. Isinugo niya an sarong dakulaon na sakayan na inaapod na Kaban tanganing darahon sa espasyo an natatadang mga Autobot pag - abot nin panahon.

Sa Gerang Nintendo DS para sa Cybertron: Autobots, Optimus Prime asin Bumblebee an primerong duwang karakter na nakakarawat sa kawat. Nintendo DS. War for Cybertron:  Abot Optimus Prime nagluwas sa sunod na kawat, an mga Paratradusir: Fall of Cybertron. Transformers: Pagbagsak nin Cybertron

== Mga kawatan ==
[[Ladawan:Optimus_Prime_patent.png|too|thumb|An orihinal na Optimus Prime kawatan pait design. Arte ni Hiroyuki Obama.]]
Sa mga nag'aging mga taon, dakul nang mga pigurang aksyon gibo sa pagkaagid sa orihinal na nacion nin Optimus Prime, na an iba kaini natampok sa osipon, na an iba kaini dai pa. Dugang pa, an nagkapirang kawatan naggibo nin bakong komplikadong mga kawatan sa saiyang ladawan o mga teoriya para sa nag - eeksister na mga kawatan. An orihinal na 1984 Optimus Prime kawatan kabtang kan 1983 Diaclone toy line na an ngaran &quot;Batle Convoy..&quot; Takara. Diaclone. Dinisenyo iyan kan grupo nin mga disenyo nin disenyo kan Hiroyuki Obra, Shoji Kawamori, bantog sa saiyang isinurat sa Macross, asin Kohjin Ono. Shoji Kawamori. Macross. Kohjin Ohno.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=タカラSFランド大全集|last=Igarashi|first=Kouji|date=1999-11-25|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=978-4-06-330086-4|location=Tokyo|author-link=Kouji Ogarashi}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga karakteristiko kan kawatan, arog kan disenyo nin payo asin an paggamit kan cab sa atubangan bilang nasabing torso, nagin nang mga elemento nin disenyo sa haros gabos na nacion asin tradisyunal na Optimus Prime. An partikular na kawatan na ini naresibe nin dakol na beses, na sa kadaklan ginigirumdom an anibersaryo kan The Transformers franchise. Si Optimus Prime pinaluwas man bilang Action Master asin Powermaster na kawatan sa orihinal na Transformers tongod.

=== Paghiling ===
An 2000 na serye nin pelikula sa pelikula na nacion nin Optimus Prime nakaguno nin maimbong na pag-ako. Pigngaranan ini na ika-30ng pinakadakulang pelikula na superhero kan &quot;Total Film Magazine..&quot; Total Film Magazine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/goodies-baddies-get-sorted/story-e6frfmq9-1111114966889|title=Top heroes and villains named in movie list|publisher=News.com.au|accessdate=2022-03-03|archivedate=2011-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804010059/http://www.news.com.au/goodies-baddies-get-sorted/story-e6frfmq9-1111114966889}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kalabot sa mga pelikula ===
[[Ladawan:Optimusprimealtmoviemode.jpg|wala|thumb|250x250px|An sarong Peterbilt 379 ginamit sa Transformers tanganing iladawan an tradisyunal na paagi ni Optimus Prime. Peterbilt 379]]
[[Ladawan:Truck_at_IAA_2014.JPG|thumb|Sarong Sulnupan na Bitoon na Truck an naggamit sa Transformers tanganing iladawan an nasyunal na mode ni Optimus Prime. Western Star Truck.]]
Inot na nagluwas an karakter ni Optimus Prime sa 2007 Transformers film bilang lider kan Autobots sa paghanap kan AllSpark. Transformers. Katuyohan niang raoton iyan, dawa kun iyan nangangahulogan nin pagsakripisyo kan saiyang sadiri, bago iyan magamit kan mga Decapticon tanganing gumibo nin bagong hukbo tanganing daogon an uniberso. Pag - abot asin pakasirra sa sarong trak na Peterbilt, tinaratara ni Optimus si Sam Witwicky asin Mikaela Banes, na iiniintrodusir an saiyang mga tawohan asin ipinaliliwanag kun taano ta nagdigdi sinda sa Daga. Durante kan ultimong ralaban, ginadan ni Optimus an naoongis na Decepticon Bonecrusher asin inatubang an saiyang suanoy na kaiwal, si Megatron. Bonecrusher. Huling dai nakakapantay sa Megatron sa pakikilaban, sinasadol ni Optimus si Sam na itulod sa saiyang daghan an AlSpark, na iyo an malaglag sa sainda pareho. Imbes, pinagalan ni Sam an AllSpark sa daghan ni Megatron, na rinaraot ini asin ginadan an lider kan Decticon. An pelikula nagtatapos sa Optimus na magpadara nin signal na hararom, na iniimbitaran an iba pang mga Autobot na makiayon sa sainda sa Daga.

Si Optimus Prime nagbalik sa mga Paratradusir: Repekto kan Fallen. Transformers: Pagbawi kan Pagkadakop Ginigiyahan nia an mga Autobot bilang kabtang kan NEST sa paghanap sa natatadang mga Paradaya sa Daga. Kan huri nakikilaban sia sa Starscrarm, Gridor, asin binuhay liwat na Megatron.  Dawa ngani si Optimus nakakaerido nin Starscre asin ginadan si Grindor, sa kahurihurihi ipinako siya asin ginadan ni Megatron. Minsan siring, si Optimus binuhay liwat durante kan ralaban sa Egipto ni Sam na ginagamit an Matrix of Lidership. Dangan siya tinagaan kan bangkay ni Jetfire, na tinawan siya nin sobra kakusog na mode.  Pakatapos nin makuring pagmomostra sa Megatron, ginadan niya an The Fallen, napiritan nang magsibog an Megatron asin si Stars. Sa katapusan kan pelikula, si Optimus nagpasalamat ki Sam sa pagligtas sa saiya asin sa giraray nagpapaabot nin mensahe sa espasyo, na naglalaom na makakua pa nin mga Autobot.

== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliyograpiya ==

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBXGSPw3fjYC|title=Transformers: The Ultimate Guide|last=Furman|first=Simon|publisher=DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley)|year=2004|isbn=978-1-4053-0461-0|location=London|pages=110, 118|oclc=223988192}}

== Panluwas na mga takod ==

* {{Official website|http://www.transformers.com}}
* {{Curlie|Arts/Animation/Cartoons/Titles/T/Transformers/Generation_1_and_2/Characters/Autobots/Optimus_Prime|Optimus Prime}}
* [[tfwiki:Optimus_Prime|Mga Pahina sa Optimus Prime sa Transformers Wiki]]
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{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = 
| name             = Pancho Guedes
| honorific_suffix = 
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| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = Portuges
| pronunciation    = 
| birth_name       = Amâncio d'Alpoim Miranda Guedes
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1925|05|13|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]
| baptised         = 
| death_date       = {{death date and age|2015|11|07|1925|05|13|df=y}}
| death_place      = [[Graaff-Reinet]], South Africa
| death_cause      = 
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| occupation       = [[Arkitekto]]
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| spouse           = Dorothy Guedes
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}}
[[File:Edifício do Banco das Poupanças das Viúvas e Orfãos da Polícia Maputo.JPG|thumb|Opisyalmente nginaranan 'Edifício do Banco das Poupanças das Viúvas e Orfãos da Polícia Maputo', an edipisyong ini iyo an Banko para sa mga balo asin mga ilo kan pulis sa Maputo, Mozambique kan 1967&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GUEDES, Amancio d'Alpoim Miranda (Pancho)|url=https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/archframes.php?archid=2352|access-date=2021-07-09|website=www.artefacts.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Si '''Amâncio d'Alpoim Miranda''' &quot;'''Pancho'''&quot; '''Guedes''' (Lisbon, Portugal, 13 May 1925 &amp;ndash; Graaff-Reinet, South Africa, 7 November 2015) sarong Portuges na arkitekto, eskultor, pintor asin edukador.

Siya sinasabing saro sa pinakaenot na post-modernist na arkitekto sa [[Aprika]] asin representasyon kan Eklektikong Modernista.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-09|title=Pancho Guedes, Sculpting a New Africa|url=https://www.archdaily.com/964247/pancho-guedes-1925-2015-sculpting-a-new-africa|access-date=2021-07-09|website=ArchDaily|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaamayi nin buhay ==
Si Guedes namundag sa [[Lisbon]], Portugal kan 1925. Siya kadugo an Portuges na aristokratang si [[Luis de Alpoim]].

Si Guedes haros an buhay niya yaon namugtak sa [[Portuges na Mozambique]] poon edad na 7 taon asin ta diyan na siya guminurang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.dorigislason.net/pancho-guedes-architecture-on-a-grand-scale/|title = PANCHO GUEDES, ARCHITECTURE ON A GRAND SCALE|publisher = Dorisglason.net|accessdate = 26 June 2011|archive-date = 7 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041015/http://dorigislason.net/pancho-guedes-architecture-on-a-grand-scale/|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gustong magin sarong artista, siya nag'enrol sa University of Witwatersrand sa Johannesburg kan 1945. Alagad siya nakapag'isip na an arkitektura an saiyang kinakaugmahan ta nakua niya diyan an mga interes niya sa arte.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

== Karera sa Arkitektura ==
Si Guedes nagpoon nang magsibot sa pagtugdok kun ano-anong mga proyekto kan mga 1950, 1960 kan an aktibidad sa konstruksyon nagkusog na marhay sa Mozambique.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

Sa [[East Africa]] siya nagprodyusir nin mga desenyo sa ginatos na mga edipisyo,&lt;ref name=&quot;wsj&quot; /&gt; kadaklan kaini yaon sa siyudad nin [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] (Maputo) alagad igwa man sa Angola, sa South Africa, asin sa Portugal. An saiyang mga mukna pinagsaralak an eskultural asin figurativo sa praktikal na karabuhaton saka sa tradisyonal na identidad lokal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amancio Guedes - architect, sculptor, painter|url=http://www.guedes.info/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=www.guedes.info|archive-date=2021-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618015516/http://guedes.info/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Guedes kaiba sa grupong inapod na “[[Team 10]]”, nin mga arkitekto na nagtiripon kan Hulyo 1953 sa Ika-9 Kongreso nin [[Congres International d'Architecture Moderne|CIAM]] asin inadoptar an bagong paagi sa sinasabing [[urbanismo]] sa pag'anduyog sa maepektong teoritikong framework na nakaimpluwensyang gayo sa paggantad kan Europeong arkitektural na kaisipan durante kan pataposon na an ika-20ng siglo.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

An pinakabantog masasabi na desenyo nin edipisyo na minukna ni Pancho Guedes iyo an inaapod na Smiling Lion Building na pinu'nan tinugkok kan 1956 sa Mozambique.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-20|title=Pancho Guedes, un grand maître portugais|url=https://blog.singulart.com/fr/2021/01/20/pancho-guedes-un-grand-maitre-portugais/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Magazine Singulart|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Guedes apod niya kaining estilo STILOGUEDES na boot sabihon mansana 'GuedesStyle'. An mural sa bandang Sulnopan nakadukot pa asin siring man an &quot;nakangirit na leon&quot; sa Norteng sugod kaini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=O Leão que Ri - Smiling Lion details|url=https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=8303|access-date=2021-07-09|website=www.artefacts.co.za|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185050/https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=8303|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karera artistiko ==
Maliban sa saiyang darakulang mga proyekto arkitektural, siya saro man na eskultor asin pintor. 

An mga eksibisyon niya kan saiyang arte biswal nangyari sa [[Berardo Collection Museum]] sa Lisbon, asin sa iba pang lugar.

Si Guedes nagbakal man kan mga obra ni Paul Klee kan 1948, na saiyang hinahangaan an estilong surrealistiko asin an mga temang infantile. Nagparagibo siya nin mga eskultura na pasabong kan mga Anghel ni Paul Klee sa bandang pataposon na saiyang karera. Saro sa drowing niya na ginibo kan 2015, tituladong 'A Tribute to Paul Klee'.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

== Problema sa politika ==
Pakatapos kan kariribokan kan inapod na [[Carnation Revolution]] sa [[Lisbon]], naghale siya sa bagong independyenteng [[Mozambique]] kan 1974. An Mozambique opisyalmente tinugdas kan 1975 bilang sarong [[Republika Popular nin Mozambique]].

An saiyang biglaan na paglayas sa Mozambique kan 1974 na kasarabay iba pa man na mga Portuges na tinugot sana magdara sinda nin 20 kilogramong pagsasadiri [[24/20 deklarasyon]] haros mapugrot an saiyang pamilya.&lt;ref name=&quot;wsj&quot; /&gt; Huli sa saiyang reputasyon, nakaresibi siya nin imbitasyon na tukawan niya an bakanteng pwesto sa Arkitektura sa [[University of the Witwatersrand]] sa [[Johannesburg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;m&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Guedes | first = Amancio | title = Manifestos, papers, lectures, publications | publisher = Ordem dos Arquitectos | location = Lisboa, Portugal | year = 2007 | page = 6| isbn = 9789728897246 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagadanan ==
Si Pancho Guedes nagadan kan 7 Nobyembre 2015 sa edad na 90.&lt;ref&gt;Architect Africa: [https://architectafrica.com/intranet/node/36114 Obituary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524004058/https://architectafrica.com/intranet/node/36114 |date=2018-05-24 }}, 7 November 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

==Trabaho==
*Simbahan sa Maputo (1962)&lt;ref name=wsj&gt;[Magical Mozambique] ni Tom Downey, Wall Street Journal Magazine Oktobre 2013 pahina 83 (igwang retrato sa luwas na patos)&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Edificio Dragao Maputo 2.jpg|Edifício Dragão (1953), Maputo
File:Edificio Abreu Santos e Rocha.jpg|Prédio Abreu, Santos e Rocha (1953/56), Maputo
File:Prédio Spence e Lemos Maputo (21910786308).jpg|Prédio Spence e Lemos (1964), expanded 2008–2010
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.panchoguedes.com/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111202620/http://panchoguedes.com/ |date=2016-01-11 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guedes, Pancho}}
[[Kategorya:Ika-20ng siglong mga arkitektong Portuges]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Portuges na eskultor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking eskultor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Portuges na pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Portuges na mga pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1925 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2015 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tawong taga-Maputo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Portuges na dayo sa Mozambique]]
[[Kategorya:Mga edukador sa University of the Witwatersrand]]
{{Saringsing}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bankim Puraskar</title>
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      <text bytes="15416" sha1="7uy3k49ebhayneebhit0unc41u3kfyt" xml:space="preserve">An '''Bankim Puraskar''' ({{lang-bn|বঙ্কিম পুরস্কার}}, Premyo Memorial nin Bankim) iyo an pinakahalangkaw na papremyo iwinawaras kan Gobyerno nin [[West Bengal]] para sa ambag sa literaturang piksyon na Bengali. An pasib tinugdas kan 1975 sa pagromdom ki [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]], sarong bantogan na nobelistang Bengali nnin ika-19ng siglo. Ini pig'amaan kan [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]], na an siring sakop kan Department of Information &amp; Cultural Affairs, taon 2003. An prremyo iginagawad kan Poon Ministro nin [[West Bengal]].

==Mga Kagresibi kan Pasib==
*1975 &amp;ndash; [[Prabodh Chandra Sen]]&lt;ref&gt;Pandey, S. N., [https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC&amp;pg=PA67&amp;lpg=PA67&amp;dq=bankim+puraskar&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=HMKP4R3zxw&amp;sig=dYp17jRl1K_I88TfId3C8RRH3a0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jbggULfYMoborQfymYBw&amp;ved=0CFUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=bankim%20puraskar&amp;f=false West Bengal General Knowledge Digest]&lt;/ref&gt;
*1982 &amp;ndash; [[Gour Kishore Ghosh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=PUCL |url=http://www.pucl.org/reports/WestBengal/2001/ghosh.htm |title=Obituary: Gour kishore Ghosh,. A civil Liberties activist |publisher=Pucl.org |date=2000-12-15 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716233017/http://pucl.org/reports/WestBengal/2001/ghosh.htm |archive-date=2016-07-16 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1983 &amp;ndash; [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sunilgangopadhyay.org/awards1.html |title=Welcome To The World Of Sunil Gangopadhyay |publisher=Sunilgangopadhyay.org |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831234821/http://www.sunilgangopadhyay.org/awards1.html |archive-date=2012-08-31 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Sei Samay'' (novel, 2 vols.)
*1984 &amp;ndash; Sushil Jana&lt;ref name=&quot;who&quot;&gt;Dutt, Kartik Chandra, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&amp;dq=Sarat+Kumar+Mukhopadhyay&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M], [[Sahitya Akademi]], 1999&lt;/ref&gt;
*1985 &amp;ndash; [[Prafulla Roy]] &amp;ndash; ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304173738/http://discountpandit.com/products/bangalore/books/akasera-nice-manusha-mta4mdi=.html Akasher Neeche Manush]'' (novel)
*1986 &amp;ndash; [[Amiya Bhūşhan Majumdār|Amiya Bhushan Majumdar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.parabaas.com/bookstore/novels.html |title=The Parabaas BookStore: Sharodiya and Other Bangla Magazines; অনলাইন বাংলা বই |publisher=Parabaas.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2012-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831024300/http://www.parabaas.com/bookstore/novels.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Rajnagar'' (novel)
*1987 &amp;ndash; Amalendu Chakraborty&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Priyadarsee Chakraborty |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/noted-bangla-author-dies-at-75/477172/ |title=Noted Bangla author dies at 75 |publisher=Indian Express |date=2009-07-02 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Jabajjiban'' (novel)
*1988 &amp;ndash; Sachindranath Bandyopadhyay&lt;ref
name=&quot;who&quot;/&gt;
*1990 &amp;ndash; [[Dibyendu Palit]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4/ |title=Click for বই: Author Info - দিব্যেন্দু পালিত |access-date=2012-08-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217232356/http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4/ |archive-date=2013-02-17 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1991 &amp;ndash; [[Kamal Kumar Majumdar]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dainikdestiny.com/index.php?view=details&amp;type=main&amp;cat_id=1&amp;menu_id=57&amp;pub_no=67&amp;news_type_id=1&amp;index=1&amp;archiev=yes&amp;arch_date=15-01-2010 কমলকুমার মজুমদার: স্বকীয় ধারার কথাশিল্পী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117102425/http://www.dainikdestiny.com/index.php?view=details&amp;type=main&amp;cat_id=1&amp;menu_id=57&amp;pub_no=67&amp;news_type_id=1&amp;index=1&amp;archiev=yes&amp;arch_date=15-01-2010 |date=2023-01-17 }}, Dainik Destiny, January 15, 2010&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; Galpasamagra (complete stories) (posthumous)
*1992 &amp;ndash; Abhijit Sen&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=180 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118011323/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=180 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-18 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Rahu Chandaler Harh''&lt;ref&gt;Sen, Abhijit, [http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=29&amp;view=archiev&amp;y=2010&amp;m=12&amp;d=17&amp;action=main&amp;option=all&amp;menu_type=&amp;pub_no=545&amp;type= বালুরঘাট — সময়ের বালুবেলা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610112319/http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=29&amp;view=archiev&amp;y=2010&amp;m=12&amp;d=17&amp;action=main&amp;option=all&amp;menu_type=&amp;pub_no=545&amp;type= |date=2015-06-10 }}, Samakal, December 17, 2010&lt;/ref&gt; (novel)
*1993 &amp;ndash;  [[Mani Shankar Mukherjee|Shankar]] (Mani Shankar Mukhopadhyay) &amp;ndash; Gharer Madhye Ghar
*1994 &amp;ndash; [[Syed Mustafa Siraj]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=248 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117203514/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=248 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-17 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Aleek Manush'' (novel)
*1995 &amp;ndash; Manjush Dasgupta,&lt;ref
name=&quot;who&quot;/&gt; [[Sandipan Chattopadhyay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F/ |title=Click for বই: Author Info: সন্দীপন চট্টোপাধ্যায় |access-date=2014-06-13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140613203745/http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F/ |archive-date=2014-06-13 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1996 &amp;ndash; [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]] &amp;ndash; ''Harbart'' (novel)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Nabarun Bhattacharya |url=http://www.goodreads.com/award/show/9428-bankim-puraskar |title=Bankim Puraskar Winners |publisher=Goodreads.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; (award returned in 2007 in protest against the [[Nandigram violence]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-160706542/nabarun-bhattacharya-return-bankim.html |title=Article: Nabarun Bhattacharya to return Bankim Puraskar. &amp;#124; AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy |publisher=AccessMyLibrary |date=2007-03-18 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2007/April/outrage_protest.html |title=Outrage and Protest |publisher=Cpiml.org |date=2007-03-26 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613015733/http://cpiml.org/liberation/year_2007/April/outrage_protest.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1998 &amp;ndash; [[Atin Bandyopadhyay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/107660.html |title=Atin Bandayopadhyay |publisher=Calcuttayellowpages.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2012-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515133059/http://calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/107660.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Dui Bharatbarsha'' (novel)
* ... ... . &amp;ndash; [[Bani Basu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/107696.html |title=Bani Basu |publisher=Calcuttayellowpages.com |date=1939-03-11 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.shibpurinternational.com/sublink/Personalities/html/Bani%20Basu.html |title=Bani Basu |publisher=Shibpurinternational.com |date=2011-02-09 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083442/http://www.shibpurinternational.com/sublink/Personalities/html/Bani%20Basu.html |archive-date=2013-07-28 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=706202 |title=Bengali Writer Shortlisted for Sahitya Akademi Award |publisher=news.outlookindia.com |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131082940/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=706202 |archive-date=2013-01-31 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2000 &amp;ndash; [[Narayan Sanyal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Pranesh Biswas Civil |url=http://www.becollege.org/news/news_item.asp?NewsID=135 |title=Global Alumni Association of Bengal Engineering &amp; Science University, Shibpur, India |publisher=Becollege.org |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003326/http://www.becollege.org/news/news_item.asp?NewsID=135 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Rupamanjari'' (3 vols) (historical novel)
*2001 &amp;ndash; [[Samir Rakshit]]-Dukher Akhyan (Novel)]], 
*2001 &amp;ndash; [[Amar Mitra (writer)|Amar Mitra]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=194 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080941/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=194 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''[[Ashwacharit]]''&lt;ref&gt;[https://sites.google.com/site/alasadupura/phicarada-poyeta/kibhabebalabakaraoparagalpaupanyaserahayeothabanaothanirbharasilakathasahityikaamaramitrerasatheanalainaalapa অলস দুপুর: কিভাবে বলব তার ওপর গল্প, উপন্যাসের হয়ে ওঠা বা না ওঠা নির্ভরশীল: কথাসাহিত্যিক অমর মিত্রের সাথে অনলাইন আলাপ]&lt;/ref&gt; (novel)
*2002&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-23/news-interviews/27304778_1_award-sunil-jana-literature |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103085611/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-23/news-interviews/27304778_1_award-sunil-jana-literature |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-03 |title='Bankim,' 'Vidyasagar' awards for 2002 announced |date=2002-09-23 |work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=2012-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; Chitta Ghoshal &amp;ndash; ''Nirbachita Galpo'' vol. 2 (selected stories)
* 2002  . &amp;ndash; [[Tapan Bandyopadhyay]] &amp;ndash; ''Nadi, Mati, Aranya'' (3 vols.)
*2004 &amp;ndash; Bhagirath Mishra &amp;ndash; Mrigaya
*2005 &amp;ndash; Sadhan Chattopadhyay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=437 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117185013/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=437 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-17 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ... ... . &amp;ndash; [[Nabendu Ghosh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://clickforboi.in/bookdetail/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2.html |title=Click for বই: চাঁদ দেখেছিল by নবেন্দু ঘোষ |access-date=2012-08-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218004230/http://clickforboi.in/bookdetail/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2.html |archive-date=2013-02-18 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Chand Dekhechhilo'' (novel)
* ... ... . &amp;ndash; [[Swapnamoy Chakraborty]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.galpopath.com/p/blog-page_2.html|title = লেখক পরিচিতি}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''Abantinagar'' (novel)
*2006 &amp;ndash; [[Ramkumar Mukhapadhyay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Ramkumar Mukhapadhyay |url=http://www.mitraandghosh.co.in/ |title=Dukha keora |publisher=Mitra and Ghose |date=2014-05-16 |access-date=2023-01-17 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327205337/https://mitraandghosh.co.in/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2007 &amp;ndash; Jhareswar Chattopadhyay &amp;ndash; Sohish
*2008 &amp;ndash; Kinnar Roy &amp;ndash; Mrittukushum, Nalini Bera&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=291 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113206/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=291 |archive-date=2018-02-24 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2010 &amp;ndash; [[Afsar Ahmed ]]  &amp;ndash; Hire Bhikharini O Sundori Ramoni Kissa 
*2010 &amp;ndash; [[Anil Ghorai]] &amp;ndash; ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045416/http://discountpandit.com/products/Bangalore/books/Ananta-Draghima-MTEzODI=.html Ananta Draghima]'' (Study on the use of colors in the works and paintings of [[Rabindranath Tagore]])
*2011 &amp;ndash; [[Rabisankar Bal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://banglasahityasahityasangbad.blogspot.in/2011/12/blog-post.html#!/2011/12/blog-post.html |title=বাংলা সাহিত্য: বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র স্মৃতি পুরস্কার পেলেন রবিশংকর বল |publisher=Banglasahityasahityasangbad.blogspot.in |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;ndash; ''[[Dozakhnama]]'' (novel)
*2012 &amp;ndash; [[Kaurab|Kamal Chakraborty]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://wb.gov.in/BanglarMukh/Download?FilePath=/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/af47e72c-637e-4adc-a73a-f0ad319053bf/Jun_12_12.pdf |title=State observes Nazrul birth anniversary, foundation stone of Nazrul Study Centre unveiled |publisher=Wb.gov.in |accessdate=2012-10-01 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2014 &amp;ndash; Ramanath Roy&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aajkaal.net/27-05-2014/news/221566/ নজরুল তীর্থের নাম মানুষের মুখে মুখে ঘুরবে: মমতা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531040606/http://www.aajkaal.net/27-05-2014/news/221566/|date=2014-05-31}}, [[Aajkaal]], May 27, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-inaugurates-nazrul-teertha-at-newtown-kolkata/articleshow/35623416.cms নজরুল তীর্থ দুই বাংলার সম্পর্ককে সুদৃঢ় করবে, বললেন মমতা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724031244/http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-inaugurates-nazrul-teertha-at-newtown-kolkata/articleshow/35623416.cms |date=2014-07-24 }}, [[Ei Samay Sangbadpatra]], June 13, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Poon}}
[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Bengali literary awards]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of West Bengal]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Phalaris</title>
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      <text bytes="4759" sha1="rrszr8qzo60kjbb83td4vv9graf1qix" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Phalaris''' ({{lang-el|Φάλαρις}}) sarong [[diktador]] nin Akragas (ngonyan [[Agrigento]]) sa [[Sicily]], poon 570 sundo 554 BC.
[[File:Pierre Woeiriot Phalaris.jpg|thumb|right|Pagkondena ni Phalaris sa iskultor na si Perillos sa [[Bronze Bull]]]]

==Historya==

{{see| Brazen bull}}

Si Phalaris bantogan sa saiyang sobrang pagka-ringis. Saro sa saiyang pagkaringis iyo an saboot [[kanibalismo]]: sinasabing nagkakakan siya nin omboy na aki.&lt;ref&gt;Tatian. &quot;Tatian's Address to the Greeks&quot;, Chapter XXXIV.&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Phalaris pigtiwalaan pagpatugdok kan templo ni [[Zeus]] Atabyrius duman sa [[citadel]] asin siya nagbentahi kan saiyang katongdan, ginibo niya an sadiri na sarong diktador.&lt;ref&gt;[[Aristotle]], ''Politics'', v. 10&lt;/ref&gt; Sa saiyang pamomoon, an Agrigentum nagkamit nin kanigoan na asenso. Siya saiyang pigpigpabulos an tubig sa siyudad, pigaplibotan nin mga magagayon  na edipisyo asin pinapusog an mga pader kaini. Sa bandang amihanan na kosa kan isla, an banwa nin [[Himera]] pigpili siyang bilang [[heneral]] na may palabing kapangyarihan, apesar kan mga patanid kan poetang si [[Stesichorus]].&lt;ref&gt;Aristotle, ''Rhetoric'', ii. 20&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki ''[[Suda]]'' siya napangyari na magin kagdaog kan bilog na isla. Siya katapos-taposi, nabungkal sa poder sa sarong pag'alsa na pinamayohan ni [[Telemachus (Acragas)|Telemachus]], an apoon ni [[Theron nin Acragas]] (tyrant c. 488–472 BC), asin siya sinulo mansana sa saiyang inapod na [[brazen bull]].

Si [[Pindar]], na nabuhay dai pa napinto an siglo, pinaghayag na an instrumento nin makuring pagpasakit sa [[torong suloan]] talagang kasangkapan nin karingisan ni Phalaris.&lt;ref&gt;Pindar, ''Pythian 1''&lt;/ref&gt;

Igwa talaga daa nin inapod na [[torong suloan]] sa Agrigentum na pighakot kan mga Carthaginian sa [[Carthage]]. Sinasabing ini dangan kinua man ni [[Scipio Africanus|Scipio an Matua]] asin ibinalik sa Agrigentum mga 200 BC. Alagad, mas posibleng totoo na si [[Scipio Aemilianus Africanus|Scipio an Hubin]] an nagbalik kan toro asin iba pang mga hinabonan na mga bahandi sa orihinal na mga siyudad nin Sicilia kan siya total na rinapak an Carthage circa 146 BC, na iyo an nagtapos kan inapod na [[Third Punic War]].

==Literaryong pagpabago kan imahe==

Apat na siglo pakalihis pagkagadan niya,{{cn|date=January 2023}} si Phalaris nagin obheto nin literaryong reimbensyon kun saen siya pinapaluwas na maboot na lider, patron nin pilosopiya asin literatura. An bagong reputasyon niya huli sa pagdepensa sa saiyang karakter ni [[Lucian]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0420 Lucian's original text at Perseus].&lt;/ref&gt; asin an soboot siya kagsurat kan sarong epistolary corpus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/epistlesphalari00phalgoog A digitised 1706 translation of the Epistles] at archive.org.&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 1699, si [[Richard Bentley]] nagpublikar nin bantogan na ''Dissertation on the Epistles of Phalaris'' kun saen pigpatotohanan na an mga epistolaryo mga peke.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/drrichardbentle00bentgoog Text at archive.org].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga ginunoan==
*{{1911|wstitle=Phalaris|volume=21|page=345}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[http://www.livius.org Livius], [https://www.livius.org/pha-phd/phalaris/phalaris.html Phalaris of Acragas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924224030/http://www.livius.org/pha-phd/phalaris/phalaris.html |date=2013-09-24 }} ni Jona Lendering
*[http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2567.html Phalaris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405201701/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2567.html |date=2007-04-05 }} sa [[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology|Dictionary of Greek &amp; Roman Biography &amp; Mythology]], ed. [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Wm. Smith]]
*[http://lucianofsamosata.info/PhalarisI.html Phalaris I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701155943/http://lucianofsamosata.info/PhalarisI.html |date=2019-07-01 }} &amp; [http://lucianofsamosata.info/PhalarisII.html Phalaris II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701050726/http://lucianofsamosata.info/PhalarisII.html |date=2019-07-01 }} ni Lucian sa [http://lucianofsamosata.info/ Lucian of Samosata Project]
*[http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=phalaris:phalaris-the-source-material Phalaris - The Source Material] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224154135/http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=phalaris:phalaris-the-source-material |date=2023-02-24 }} - Ginunuan kan mga suanoy na awtor

{{Authority control}}{{Poon}}
[[Kategorya:Antigong Acragantines]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Kanibal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Sicilianong diktador]]
[[Kategorya:Mga kag-imbento na nagadan sa sainda mansang imbensyon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Daniel Razon</title>
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      <text bytes="9614" sha1="gepe2gg1k1ajrgqehlwl4o4b9olavex" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Daniel Soriano Razon''' ({{IPA-tl|soɾˈjano ɾaˈson}}; namundag Oktobre 11, 1967) sarong Filipinong host sa telebisyon asin radyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Razon resigns&quot;&gt;Balares, Dindo. [http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/manila-bulletin/mi_7968/is_2005_June_16/daniel-razon-resigns-gma-7/ai_n34040262/?tag=content;col1 Daniel Razon resigns from GMA]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, June 16, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Siya an sa presenteng ''Overall Servant'' (ministro; {{lang-tl|Lingkod Pangkalahatan}}) kan [[Mga Myembro nin Church of God International]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=About Bro Daniel|url=https://mcgi.org/about-us/about-bro-daniel/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=mcgi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; na saiyang pigtukawan bilang pagsalida ki [[Eli Soriano]] kan ini magadan kan Pebrero 11, 2021.

==Karera sa broadkast==
Poon 1987 abot 1988, si Daniel Razon FM disc jockey sa [[DWKY]] asin [[DWYS|DWST]]. Dangan siya naglipat sa telebisyon bilang parabareta [[People's Television Network|PTV-4]] sa Pangunahing Balita, Balita Ala-Una asin [[PTV News (Philippine TV program)|PTV News Nationwide]] asin host kan mga public-affairs programs na ''Ang Pandayan ni Mang Pandoy'' asin  ''Dakila Ka Pinoy'' (1992 to 1997). Siya man an executive producer asin direktor kan public-affairs program nin IBC-13, ''Ikaw ang Humatol'' (1994–1997).&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippine Star on Daniel Razon&quot;&gt;[https://archive.today/20130131065243/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=579991&amp;publicationSubCategoryId=70 Get it straight from Daniel Razon  – Philippine Star (Retrieved May 31, 2010)]&lt;/ref&gt;

Poon 1997 abot December 2002, si Razon nagtrabaho sa saro pang istasyon  nin telebisyon, [[ABS-CBN]], asin siya nagin host/parabareta sa mga TV show arpog kan ''Hoy, Gising'' (Hey! Wake Up!), Pulso: Aksyon Balita. Dangan siya nahihiling na sa luwas nin kinaban, ta siya nakikita sa luwas kinaban paagi kan ANC (tugang istasyon kan ABS-CBN) bilang parabareta/anchorman sa Dateline News (1998 sundo 2000) asin bilang program host nin ''Kumusta Ka, Bayan'' sa The Filipino Channel (TFC). Durante kan mga taon na idto siya anchor man sa TV show na Gising Pilipinas (1997–2002) asin kan Usapang de Campanilla (2000 abot 2002) sa [[DZMM-AM|DZMM 630 AM]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippine Star on Daniel Razon&quot;/&gt;

Kan October 5, 2002, si Razon naglipat sa karibal na network kan ABS-CBN, an GMA-7, kun saen  siya nagin saro sa host sa ''[[Unang Hirit]]'' asin anchor kan ''Unang Balita'', an bagong segment kan show na ini. Siya naghale sa GMA kan 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Razon resigns&quot;/&gt;

Kan Hunyo 16, 2005, pinag'usip kan ''[[Manila Bulletin]]'' na si Razon pinirit na magdemitir sa GMA ngani an network &quot;mamantener an neutralidad sa tahaw kan [[Siplingan kan Iglesia ni Cristo asin Members Church of God International|nagsisigeng mainit na dingkilan]] sa pag'ultan kan ''[[Iglesia ni Cristo]]'' (INC) asin kan [[Members Church of God International]] (MCGI). Kan panahon na idto, si Razon iyo an Bise Presidente Ministro kan MCGI, asin an GMA Network inaabotan nin mga tekstong mensahe pareho hale sa mga myembro kan INC asin MCGI, na nagiinakusaran nin mga gibo-gibong sala. An GMA &quot;namate na bako sa interes kaini na mapatahaw sa diringkilan kan duwa asin pinagmarhay na butsan na sana si Razon.&quot; An ginikanan kan reklamo kan INC iyo an pagtaong pahayag ni Razon sa mga mga pagtutukdo nin doktrina sa MCGI na sabi niya &quot;May mga demonyong mahihiling ka sa [[Net 25]] (network sadiri kan [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]]) na sadiri mansana kan INC.&quot; Si Razon nasambitan na sa websityo kan MCGI nagtaram na &quot;Mas marhay mawara sako an gabos bako sana an Dyos&quot;, reaksyon niya manongod kan conflicto sa saiyang inaatubang sa trabaho niya sa ''Unang Hirit'' asin sa ''[[Ang Dating Daan]]'' ([[The Old Path]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Razon resigns&quot;/&gt;

Kan Hulyo 2005, si Razon naglipat sa [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]], sarong  UHF television network na pagsasadiri kan [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] na an mayoriyang share sadiri ni Alfredo &quot;Atom&quot; Henares sa pagbungsod kan saiyang programang pagkaaga sa UNTV, ''Pilipinas, Gising Ka Na Ba?!'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2005/07/01/284390/daniel-razon-tatapatan-ang-unang-hirit-ng-pilipinas-gising-ka-na-ba|title=Daniel Razon tatapatan ang 'Unang Hirit' ng 'Pilipinas Gising Ka Na Ba?|publisher=philstar.com|date=July 1, 2005|last=Samio|first=Veronica|access-date=July 1, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan Agosto 1 parehong taon, si Razon nagbukas kan saiyang public service program sa UNTV, ''Kaka In Action'' (na nginaranan nang ''Kaka at Claire, Kaagapay Niyo'' asin ''Kaagapay'' kan 2006 na sinara man kan taon 2016), an programang dedikado sa serbisyo publiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2005/08/07/290324/mga-baguhan-di-pa-kilala-sa-us-pero-si-richard-gutierrez-sikat-na-run|title=Mga baguhan di pa kilala sa US, pero si Richard Gutierrez, sikat na run!|publisher=philstar.com|date=August 7, 2005 |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan Hulyo 23, 2007, ''Pilipinas Gising Ka na Ba?!'' pighira sa ''[[Good Morning Kuya]]'' (lit. Good Morning Brother).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2007/07/22/7492/good-morning-kuya-ng-untv-makikipagsabayan-sa-morning-shows-ng-gma-abs-cbn|title=Good Morning Kuya ng UNTV, makikipagsabayan sa morning shows ng GMA at ABS-CBN|publisher=philstar.com|date=July 22, 2007|last=Samio|first=Veronica|access-date=July 22, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga Kontrobersya==
Si Razon pigdeklarang ''[[persona non grata]]'' kan gobyerno munisipal kan [[Apalit, Pampanga]], an banwaan kun saen nakabugtak an kwartel kan [[Members Church of God International]] ta nagbutas siyang mga tuyaw laban sa Alkalde kan Apalit, na ini man ngani nagkamundoan ki Soriano. An Konseho Munisipal pig'aprobaran an deklarasyon paagi sa Resolusyon 28, serye nin 2008. An resolusyon nagsabi pa na an mga &quot;tuyaw ni Razon sa'' [[Good Morning Kuya]]'' sarong TV-charity program niya nagtaong salang impormasyon asin piglilisya' an publiko asin pangraot mansana sa dunong kan mga opisyales na ikinakaag sinda sa maraot na ilaw.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Raymond C |last=Garcia |title=ADD leader declared 'persona non grata' |date=May 8, 2008 |work=Sun.Star Pampanga |publisher=Sun.Star Publishing, Inc |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/pam/2008/05/08/news/add.leader.declared.persona.non.grata..html |access-date=November 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610034537/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/pam/2008/05/08/news/add.leader.declared.persona.non.grata..html |archive-date=June 10, 2008 |accessdate=March 2, 2023 |archivedate=June 10, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610034537/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/pam/2008/05/08/news/add.leader.declared.persona.non.grata..html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Filmograpiya ==

===Pelikula===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Theater Releases !! Other notes
|-
| 2009|| ''Isang Araw Lang'' || Daniel Balagtas || Hulyo 19, 2009 sa Meralco Theater&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ISANG ARAW LANG THE MOVIE|url=https://www.danielrazon.com/isang-araw-lang-the-movie|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2021|website=Daniel Razon - Official Website {{!}} Daniel Razon|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214603/https://www.danielrazon.com/isang-araw-lang-the-movie|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin naipalabas sa [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdOWEgZYK6g YouTube] kan Marso 30, 2020 || Nagin saro man siya sa mga direktor kan pelikula.
|-
| 2013|| ''Isang Araw'' || Daniel Baltazar || Nobyembre 28, 2013 sa Sofitel Plaza&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cruz|first=Art|date=December 13, 2013|title=Bro. Daniel Razon Debuts 'Isang Araw' Indie Film For Typhoon Relief Efforts|url=https://www.mcgi.org/bro-daniel-razon-debuts-isang-araw-indie-film-typhoon-relief-efforts/|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2021|website=Members Church of God International (MCGI) Official Website {{!}} MCGI.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin naipalabas sa [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s13pbWYPKJo YouTube] kan Marso 31, 2020 || Sarong sequel sa pasali na ''Isang Araw Lang''.
|-
| 2016|| ''Isang Araw, Ikatlong Yugto'' || Daniel Baltazar || Desyembre 15, 2016 sa Marriott Hotel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Longboen|first=Leslie|date=September 22, 2017|title=&quot;Isang Araw, Ikatlong Yugto,&quot; a film like no other|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/isang-araw-ikatlong-yugto-film-102213139.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2021|website=Yahoo! News|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214448/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/isang-araw-ikatlong-yugto-film-102213139.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin naipalabas sa [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAOepoenN6s YouTube] kan Abril 2, 2020 || Sarong sequel sa pasali na ''Isang Araw.''
|}

===Telebisyon===
*[[Ang Dating Daan]] ''(1983-presente)''
*[[Good Morning Kuya]] ''(2010-presente)''
*[[Get It Straight with Daniel Razon]] ''(2010-presente)''
*Manibela ''(2019)''
*Serbisyong Bayanihan ''(2016)''

=== Radyo ===

* [[Ang Dating Daan]] ''(1980-presente)''

==Toltolan==

{{reflist}}{{Poon}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Tagalog]]
[[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Centro Escolar University]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong Kristiyano]]
[[Kategorya:Members Church of God International]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1967 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Taga-Bulacan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Personalidad sa GMA Network]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tawo sa GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs]] 
[[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong news anchor sa telebisyon]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9236" sha1="kecwy4olq6dr8mf6x68axihm5e22edq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Arseniy Yatsenyuk
| native_name         = {{nobold|Арсеній Яценюк}}
| native_name_lang    = uk
| image               = Арсеній Петрович Яценюк (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Yatsenyuk kan 2018
| office              = Ika-15 [[Prime Minister of Ukraine]]
| president           = [[Oleksandr Turchynov]] {{small|(acting)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Petro Poroshenko]]
| deputy              = [[Vitaly Yarema]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Hennadiy Zubko]]
| term_start          = 27 Pebrero 2014
| term_end            = 14 Abril 2016
| predecessor         = [[Oleksandr Turchynov]] {{small|(acting)}}
| successor           = [[Volodymyr Groysman]]
| office1             = Ika-8 [[Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada]]
| president1          = [[Viktor Yushchenko]]
| term_start1         = 4 Desyembre 2007
| term_end1           = 12 Nobyembre 2008
| predecessor1        = [[Oleksandr Moroz (politician)|Oleksandr Moroz]]
| successor1          = [[Oleksandr Lavrynovych]] {{small|{{small|(acting)}}}}
| office2             = [[Ministri
y of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| primeminister2      = [[Viktor Yanukovych]]
| term_start2         = 21 March 2007
| term_end2           = 4 December 2007
| predecessor2        = [[Volodymyr Ohryzko]] {{small|(acting)}}
| successor2          = [[Volodymyr Ohryzko]]
| office3             = [[Ministry of Economic Development and Trade (Ukraine)|Minister of Economy]]
| primeminister3      = [[Yuriy Yekhanurov]]
| term_start3         = 27 Septyembre 005
| term_end3           = 4 Agosto 2006
| predecessor3        = [[Serhiy Teryokhin]]
| successor3          = [[Volodymyr Makukha]]
| birth_name          = Arseniy Petrovych Yatsenyuk
| office4             = First Vice-President of the [[National Bank of Ukraine]]
| term4               = Nobyembre 2003 – February 2005
| office5             = [[Minister of Economy]] of [[Crimea]]
| term5               = Septyembre 2001 – January 2003
| office6             = First Deputy [[Governor]] of [[Odesa]]
| term6               = 9 Marso 2005 – 27 September 2005
| office7             = Faction Leader of [[All-Ukrainian Union &quot;Fatherland&quot;]] Party in the [[Verkhovna Rada]]
| term7               = 11 Desyembre 2012 – 4 March 2014
| office8             = Head of [[Front for Change (Ukraine)]]
| term8               = 2009–2012
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1974|5|22|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Chernivtsi]], [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]], [[Unyon Sobyet]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(now [[Ukraine]])}}
| party               = [[People's Front (Ukraine)|People's Front]] (2014–present)
| otherparty          = [[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc|Our Ukraine-People's Self-Defense Bloc]] (Before 2007)&lt;br /&gt;[[Front for Change (Ukraine)|Front for Change]] (2008–2013)&lt;br /&gt;[[Dictatorship Resistance Committee]] (2011–2014)&lt;br /&gt;[[All-Ukrainian Union &quot;Fatherland&quot;|Fatherland]] 
(2013–2014)
| spouse              = {{marriage|Tereziya Victorivna Hur|2000}}
| children            = 2
| alma_mater          = [[Chernivtsi University]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics]]
| signature           = Arseniy Yatsenyuk Signature 2014.png
| website             = {{url|yatsenyuk.org.ua|Official website}}
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Яценюк-Неважливо -хто-в-кремлі.ogg|title=Arseniy Yatsenyuk's voice (in Ukrainian)|description=Recorded 13 Marso 2023}}
| footnotes           = {{small|*[[Volodymyr Groysman]]nagserbing Akting Primer Ministro poon 25 Hulyo 2014 – 31 Hulyo 2014.}}
}}
Si '''Arseniy Petrovych Yatsenyuk''' ({{lang-uk|Арсеній Петрович Яценюк}} {{IPA-uk|ɐrˈsɛn⁽ʲ⁾ij peˈtrɔwɪtʃ jɐtseˈnʲuk|}}; namundag 22 Mayo 1974) sarong [[Ukranya|Ukranyano]]ng politiko, ekonomista asin abogado na nagsirbe bilang [[Primer Ministro nin Ukranya]] magkaduwang beses – poon 27 Pebrero 2014 abot 27 November 2014 asin poon 27 Nobyembre 2014 sundo 14 Abril 2016. Ranggong diplomatiko - Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary.&lt;ref&gt;[https://warsawsecurityforum.org/speaker/yatsenyuk-arseniy/ Arseniy Yatsenyuk]&lt;/ref&gt;

An enot na pwesto sa gobyerno ni Yatsenyuk iyo an komo Ministro nin Ekonomiya poon 2005 abot 2006; dangan kaidto siya suminunod na [[Ministrong Panluwas nin Ukranya]] kan 2007 asin [[Chairman kan Verkhovna Rada]] (parlamento) poon  2007 abot 2008. Si Yatsenyuk saro sa lider kan pinakadakulang partido nin Ukranya, an [[All-Ukrainian Union &quot;Fatherland&quot;]],&lt;ref name=&quot;CESOlszańskiUKel12&quot;&gt;[http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317180048/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions |date=17 March 2013}}, [[Centre for Eastern Studies]] (7 November 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; asin dating lider kan sanga kaini sa parlamento.&lt;ref name=&quot;1partymabey&quot;&gt;[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/ukraines-united-opposition-discussing-formation-of-single-party-317312.html Ukraine's united opposition discussing formation of single party], ''[[Kyiv Post]]'' (7 December 2012){{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VRfaction&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mergeBatFoCROPJune2013&quot;&gt;[http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/sobolev-front-for-change-and-reform-and-order-party-to-join-batkivschyna/ Sobolev: Front for Change and Reform and Order Party to join Batkivschyna], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 June 2013)&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/front_for_change_reforms_and_order_to_dissolve_for_merger_with_batkivshchyna___sobolev_304988 Front for Change, Reforms and Order to dissolve for merger with Batkivshchyna - Sobolev] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722230249/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/front_for_change_reforms_and_order_to_dissolve_for_merger_with_batkivshchyna___sobolev_304988 |date=July 22, 2015}}, [[Ukrinform]] (11 June 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Batkivshchynanfl20314TSN&quot;&gt;{{in lang|uk}} [http://tsn.ua/politika/sobolyev-ocholiv-batkivschinu-v-radi-340839.html Sobolev heads &quot;Batkivshchyna&quot; in the Rada], [[Televiziyna Sluzhba Novyn]] (20 March 2014)&lt;/ref&gt; Siya nagin [[Primer Ministro nin Ukranya]] pakapangyari kan [[2014 Ukranyanong rebolusyon|2014 rebolusyon]] na iyo an nagresulta sa pagkahaklas sa poder ni [[Viktor Yanukovych]].&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obama Makes Push for Political Solution to Crisis in Ukraine|work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/13/world/europe/ukraine-washington.html|first1=Peter|last1=Baker|first2=Michael R.|last2=Gordon|date=March 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Майдану показали майбутніх міністрів. Яценюк - прем'єр|year=2014|work=[[Pravda]]|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/26/7016425/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan Septyembre 2014, si Yatsenyuk pinu'nan an partido [[People's Front (Ukraine)|People's Front]].&lt;ref name=peoples_front/&gt; Kan 16 Pebrero 2016, an [[Presidente nin Ukranya]], si [[Petro Poroshenko]], inulayan si Yatsenyuk na magbutas na sa pwesto ta sabi nya mayo na an suporta saiya kan koalisyon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ukraine crisis: Poroshenko asks PM Yatsenyuk to resign|publisher=BBC News|date=February 16, 2016|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35585651|access-date=2016-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin parehong aldaw an Ukranyanong parlamento ipigboto an trabaho kan gabinite na mayong kadatahan alagad dai nag'uyon na magpaluwas nin botong &quot;mayong pagtubod&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ukraine: Arseniy Yatsenyuk's cabinet voted unsatisfactory|publisher=BBC News|date=February 16, 2016|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35591605|access-date=2016-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 10 Abril 2016, si Yatsenyuk nag'anunsyo na siya mataong respeto sa parlamento sa 12 Abril asin mademitir bilang Primer Ministro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yatsenyuk10A16&quot;/&gt; Kan 14 Abril 2016, si Yatsenyuk sinalidahan nin bagong Primer Ministro, si [[Volodymyr Groysman]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC_PM no Y&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36043967|title=Ukraine MPs approve Volodymyr Groysman as new PM|publisher=BBC News|date=14 April 2016|access-date=14 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; na iyo an Chairman kan Kyiv Security Forum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kyiv Security Forum |url=https://ksf.openukraine.org/en |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610044940/https://ksf.openukraine.org/en |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; asin kagtugdas kan Open Ukraine Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Open Ukraine Foundation |url=https://openukraine.org/ua |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607174246/https://openukraine.org/ua |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==

{{reflist}}

{{Tamboan}}

[[Kategorya:Mga Primer Ministro nin Ukranya]]
[[Kategorya:Myembro kan Ika-anom na konbokasyon nin Verkhovna Rada]]
[[Kategorya:Myembro kan ika-7 konbokasyon nin Verkhovna Rada]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Ministro nin Ekonomiya nin Ukranya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Paraplotosus butleri</title>
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      <text bytes="2577" sha1="bwjlzfwh2n3hhb2blswifz55hfkxh6x" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| image = Paraplotosus butleri.jpg
| genus = Paraplotosus
| species = butleri
| authority = [[Gerald R. Allen|Allen]], 1998
}}

An '''''Paraplotosus butleri''''', komun inaapod sa Ingles na '''sailfin catfish''', isarong  [[species]] nin [[hito]] sa  [[Pamilya (biolohiya)|pamilya]]ng [[Plotosidae]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferraris&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Ferraris|first=Carl J. Jr.|year=2007|title=Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types|url=http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1418|page=349|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1|access-date=2023-09-11|archivedate=2022-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311220811/http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sailfin Catfish|url=https://www.fishnames.com.au/|access-date=2021-04-29|publisher=Fish.gov.au|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525060354/https://www.fishnames.com.au/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sira na ini nakukua sa mga ra'git na kosa sa bandang amnayan nin Australya kan sulnopan na parte Dagat Indo-Pasipiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferraris&quot; /&gt; It grows up to about 32.5&amp;nbsp;[[Centimetre|centimetres]] (12.8&amp;nbsp;[[Inch|in]]) [[Fish measurement|SL]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fishbase&quot;&gt;{{FishBase |genus=Paraplotosus |species=butleri |year=2022 |month=June }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sailfin na hitong ini nakukua sa mga hababaw na katubigan nin kosa, mga 5 metro an rarom. An mga gurangan na kaini sayod na maitomon sa kolor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allen|first=George R.|date=1998|title=A review of the marine catfish genus ''Paraplotosus'' (Plotosidae) with the description of a new species from north-western Australia|url=https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/04/46rbz123-134.pdf|journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology|volume=46|issue=1|pages=123–134|access-date=2023-09-11|archivedate=2024-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725225727/https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/04/46rbz123-134.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;[https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/3308 Sailfin Catfish, Paraplotosus butleri Allen 1998 @ fishesofaustralia.net.au]&lt;/small&gt;

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2282957}}

[[Kategorya:Plotosidae]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Endemikong kasisiraan sa Australya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Sira naladawan kan 1998|sailfin catfish]]
[[Kategorya:Taxa nangaranan ni Gerald R. Allen]]


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  <page>
    <title>Hezbollah</title>
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{{Infobox political party
| native_name      = حزب الله&lt;br /&gt;{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥizbu 'llāh}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| logo             = 
| logo_size        = 150px
| leader1_title    = 
| leader1_name     = 
| foundation       = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1985}} (official)
| founder          = [[Abbas al-Musawi|Sayyed Abbas Al-Musawi]]
| wing1_title      = [[Parliamentary group]]
| wing1            = [[Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/37247 |title=Fadlallah Hits Back at March 14 over Karam Release, Marouni Slams &quot;Treason Accusations&quot; |publisher=Naharnet |date=April 18, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| wing2_title      = Paramilitary wing
| wing2            = Islamic Resistance in Lebanon&lt;br/&gt;[[Lebanese Resistance Brigades]]
| ideology         = {{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap
 | [[Islamism|Islamic]] [[Religious nationalism|nationalism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalacoura 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |author-last=Dalacoura |author-first=Katerina |year=2012 |chapter=Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlTKrMFyawoC&amp;pg=PA66 |title=Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=66–96 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004 |isbn=978-0-511-97736-7 |lccn=2010047275 |s2cid=150958046}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Ekaterina|last=Stepanova|url=http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf|title=Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2008|page=113}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | [[Pan-Islamism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalacoura 2012&quot;/&gt;
 | [[Political thought and legacy of Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeinism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Shiite_jihad&quot;/&gt;
 | [[Jihad#Shia|Shi'a]] [[Jihadism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Shiite_jihad&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=Philip Smyth |date=February 2015 |title=The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Studies |pages=7–8 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | [[Sectarianism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hezbollah, the Lebanese Sectarian State, and Sectarianism |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollah-lebanese-sectarian-state-and-sectarianism |publisher=Middle East Institute |access-date=13 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bassel F |first1=Salloukh |title=The Sectarian Image Reversed: The Role of Geopolitics in Hezbollah's Domestic Politics |url=https://pomeps.org/the-sectarian-image-reversed-the-role-of-geopolitics-in-hezbollahs-domestic-politics |publisher=Middle East political science |date=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | [[Anti-imperialism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha |first=Joseph |title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto |year=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8555-037-2 |pages=15, 20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&amp;pg=PA15}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite book |last=Shehata |first=Samer |title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-78361-3 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&amp;pg=PA176}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Husseinia |first=Rola El |title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |journal=Third World Quarterly |year=2010 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=803–15 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2010.502695|s2cid=219628295 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | [[Anti-Western sentiment|Anti-West]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalacoura 2012&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=356 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA356 |quote=&quot;Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives.&quot; |isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&amp;pg=PA267 |title=An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences |page=267 |quote=Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel. |isbn=978-0-415-63540-0 |last1=Hanhimäki |first1=Jussi M. |last2=Blumenau |first2=Bernhard |year=2013|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&amp;pg=PT421 |title=Criminology: Theories, Patterns &amp; Typology |page=396 |quote=Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings. |isbn=978-1-133-04964-7 |last1=Siegel |first1=Larry J. |date=3 February 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-hi-me&quot;/&gt;
 | [[Antisemitism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Julius|first=Anthony|author-link=Anthony Julius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC&amp;pg=PA529|title=Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England|via=[[Google Books]]|date=1 May 2015|publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-929705-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Michael|first1=Robert|first2=Philip|last2=Rosen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5927rY-UgoC&amp;pg=PA231|title=Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present|via=Google Books|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5868-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Perry|first=Mark|url=https://archive.org/details/talkingtoterrori00perr/page/n175|page=158|title=Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-01117-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Analysis-Hezbollahs-lethal-anti-Semitism |title=Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=12 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | [[Anti-Zionism]]
}}
| headquarters     = [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| slogan           = {{native phrase|ar|فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Verily the Party of God are they that shall be triumphant&quot; {{qref|5|56|b=y|s=y}}
| website          = {{URL|http://www.moqawama.org/}}
| colours          = Yellow and green
| colorcode        = {{party color|Hezbollah}}
| religion         = [[Shia Islam]]
| national         = [[March 8 Alliance]]
| international    = [[Axis of Resistance]]
| seats1_title     = Seats in the&lt;br /&gt;[[Parliament of Lebanon|Parliament]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx |title=Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=9 May 2018 |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308112628/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|15|128|hex=#F7DF19|per=1}}
| country          = Lebanon
| flag             = Flag of Hezbollah.svg{{!}}200px
&lt;!--?: | war  = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Lebanese Civil War]] |[[2006 Lebanon War]] |[[2008 Lebanon Conflict]] |[[Syrian Civil War]]}}--&gt;}}
{{Infobox War Faction|
| war              = the [[Lebanese Civil War]], [[Israeli–Lebanese conflict]], [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)]], [[2006 Lebanon War]], [[2008 Lebanon Conflict]], [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]
----
Primary target in [[War on Terror]]
| name             = 
| active           = 1982–present
| ideology         = 
| clans            = * Unit 3800&lt;ref name=&quot;iq&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php |title=Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul  |date=5 November 2016 |website=longwarjournal.org – FDD's Long War Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| headquarters     = Lebanon
| size             = 100,000 {{small|(according to [[Hassan Nasrallah]])}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanons-hezbollah-chief-nasrallah-says-group-has-never-been-stronger-2021-10-18/|title = Lebanon's Hezbollah chief Nasrallah says group has never been stronger|publisher = Reuters|date = 18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/hassan-nasrallah-says-hezbollah-has-100000-fighters|title=Hassan Nasrallah says Hezbollah has 100,000 fighters|first=The New Arab Staff &amp;|last=Agencies|date=18 October 2021|website=english.alaraby.co.uk/|access-date=10 October 2023|archive-date=16 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716022530/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/hassan-nasrallah-says-hezbollah-has-100000-fighters|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211018-lebanon-hezbollah-chief-says-movement-has-100-000-fighters|title=Lebanon Hezbollah chief says movement has 100,000 fighters|date=18 October 2021|website=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| partof           = 
| predecessor      = 
| successor        = 
| allies           = '''State allies:'''
* {{flag|Iran}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ajc.org/news/hezbollah-is-the-long-arm-of-iran-factsheet-5|title=Hezbollah is the Long Arm of Iran - Factsheet 5|date=20 September 2019 |access-date=February 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Syria}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/why-assads-alliance-iran-and-hezbollah-will-endure|title=Why Assad's alliance with Iran and Hezbollah will endure|date=February 8, 2019|access-date=February 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Iraq}}&lt;ref name=&quot;iq2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/ |title=Iraq admits Lebanese Hezbollah and Iranian RG fight alongside Iraqi security forces |date=9 November 2014 |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615191324/https://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (former: in the war against IS)
* {{flag|Lebanon}} (partial)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/ |title=Hezbollah Fights Alongside LAF Demonstrating its Continuing Control over Lebanon |date=21 August 2017 |website=The Tower |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202024824/http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/ |archive-date=2 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Nicaragua}} (alleged)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/whats-behind-nicaraguas-rumored-links-hezbollah | title=What's Behind Nicaragua's Rumored Links to Hezbollah? }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|North Korea}} (alleged, denied by North Korea)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10998755/North-Korea-denies-reports-of-missile-deal-with-Hamas.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10998755/North-Korea-denies-reports-of-missile-deal-with-Hamas.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=North Korea denies reports of missile deal with Hamas |first=Damien |last=McElroy |date=29 July 2014 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Qatar}} (alleged)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/qatar-finances-hezbollah-terrorism-declares-jews-are-enemies-report-635509 | title=Qatar finances Hezbollah terrorism, declares 'Jews are enemies' - report | date=18 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Russia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://alwaght.com/en/News/41746/New-Experience-of-Hezbollah-with-Russian-Military |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728190943/http://alwaght.com/en/News/41746/New-Experience-of-Hezbollah-with-Russian-Military |archive-date=28 July 2018 |title=New Experience of Hezbollah with Russian Military |date=2 February 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/russia-is-arming-hezbollah-say-two-of-the-groups-field-commanders |title=Russia is Arming Hezbollah, Say Two of the Group's Field Commanders |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=11 January 2016 |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Jesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Non-state allies:'''
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Amal Movement]]
*{{flagicon image|Liwa Zainebiyoun infobox flag.png}} [[Liwa Zainebiyoun]]
* {{flag|Houthis}} (claimed by Yemeni Hadi government and allies, denied by Hezbollah)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/Jul-11/456144-yemeni-fm-slams-hezbollahs-houthi-support-report.ashx|title=Yemeni FM slams Hezbollah's Houthi support: report|journal=The Daily Star|access-date=28 July 2018|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728190925/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/Jul-11/456144-yemeni-fm-slams-hezbollahs-houthi-support-report.ashx}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-nasrallah-idUSKBN1DK22D|title=Lebanon's Hezbollah denies sending weapons to Yemen|date=20 November 2017|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Hamas}}
* {{Flagicon image|}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces]]
&lt;br /&gt;''[[Hezbollah foreign relations|See more]]''
| opponents        = '''State opponents:'''
* {{flag|Israel}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Hezbollah – International terrorist organization&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Hizbullah/Pages/Hezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx|title=Hezbollah – International terrorist organization|date=22 July 2013|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Turkey}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/israel-impressed-how-turkish-army-crushed-hezbollah-in-idlib-syria/|title=Israel Impressed How Turkish Army Crushed Hezbollah In Idlib, Syria|first=Xavier|last=Francis|date=21 May 2020|website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/israel-learned-from-hezbollahs-defeat-at-the-hands-of-turkey-628836/amp|title=Israel learned from Hezbollah's defeat at the hands of Turkey|work=The Jerusalem Post|accessdate=2023-10-10|archivedate=2023-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126203214/https://m.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/israel-learned-from-hezbollahs-defeat-at-the-hands-of-turkey-628836/amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581|title=Turkish strike in Syria kills nine Hezbollah members, according to source|newspaper=Haaretz|accessdate=2023-10-10|archivedate=2022-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516100203/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Non-state opponents:'''
* {{flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg}} [[South Lebanon Army]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]
* {{flag|Islamic State}}
* {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front]]
* [[File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg|25px]] [[Tahrir al-Sham|Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg|size=20px}} [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61627/Beware-Iran%27s-%27Axis-of-Resistance%27|title=Beware Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' &amp;#124; People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK)|access-date=2020-01-16|archive-date=2021-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031201920/https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61627/Beware-Iran%27s-%27Axis-of-Resistance%27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| designated_as_terror_group_by = ''[[Hezbollah foreign relations#Designation as a terrorist organization|See here]]''
| battles          = {{plainlist|
* [[Lebanese Civil War]]
* [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)|South Lebanon conflict]]
* [[Iran–Iraq War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103949/http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808 |archive-date=11 February 2009|title= The Iranian Roots of Hizbullah|author=Nimrod Raphaeli|date=11 February 2009|publisher=MEMRI}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bosnian War]]
* [[2006 Lebanon War]]
* [[2008 Lebanon Conflict]]
* [[Syrian Civil War]]
* [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]&lt;ref name=&quot;iq&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;iq2&quot;/&gt;}}
''[[:Category:Battles involving Hezbollah|See details]]''
}}
{{Hezbollah}}
[[File:Hezbollah guys.jpg|thumb|Mga suldados kan Hezbollah]]
An '''Hezbollah''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɛ|z|b|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|chapter=Hezbollah|title=The Collins English Dictionary|chapter-url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hezbollah|access-date=7 May 2013|year=2013|publisher=HarperCollins|location=Glasgow}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite book |chapter=Hezbollah |title=Webster's New World College Dictionary|chapter-url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/hezbollah|access-date=7 May 2013|year=2012|publisher=Wiley Publishing, Inc.|location=Cleveland}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-ar|حزب الله|Ḥizbu 'llāh}}, {{Literal translation|Party of Allah|Party of God}})&lt;ref&gt;Other [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterations]] include '''Hizbullah''', '''Hizballah''', ''Hizbollah'', ''Hezbolla'', ''Hezballah'', ''Hisbollah'', ''Hizbu'llah'' and ''Hizb [[Allah]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;sarong  [[Lebanes Shia]] [[Islamista]]ng partido politika asin [[militante]]ng grupo,&lt;ref name=&quot;HG20Ak02&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=20 July 2006 |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |work=Asia Times |date=20 July 2006 |access-date=23 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CFR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F |title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah) |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |date=13 September 2008 |access-date=15 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F |archive-date=13 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; na pinapamayohan poon pa kan 1992 kanining [[Sekretaryo Heneral nin Hezbollah|Sekretaryo Heneral]] na si [[Hassan Nasrallah]]. An sangang paramilitar kan Hezbollah iyo an Jihad Council,&lt;ref name=&quot;LevittP15&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=15 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&amp;q=jihad+council+hezbollah&amp;pg=PA14 |quote=... the Jihad Council coordinates 'resistance activity'. |isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/May-15/256484-hezbollah-cutting-costs-as-iranian-aid-dries-up.ashx |title=Hezbollah cutting costs as Iranian aid dries up |first=Antoine |last=Ghattas Saab |work=The Daily Star |quote=...&amp;nbsp;Hezbollah's military wing ... Known as the 'Jihad Council' |date=15 May 2014 |access-date=1 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin an sangang politikal kaini iyo an [[Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc]] na partido sa [[Parlamento nin Lebanon|Parlamento Lebanes]].

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamboan}}

[[Kategorya: Hezbollah]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Paksyon sa Lebanon na Gera Sibil]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Organisasyon sa Asya na designadong terorista]]
[[Kategorya:Antisemitismo sa Tangang Subangan]]
[[Kategorya:Anti-Zionismo sa Lebanon]]</text>
      <sha1>5zcni1tg1p5p41y9laodjvxv5ea24w2</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Golden Globe Awards</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>308359</id>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
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      <text bytes="2850" sha1="a3wa2tyncnpanx7iyt1l0tn0tx3wl23" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox award
| name           = Golden Globe Awards
| image          = Golden Globe Trophy.jpg
| caption        = The Golden Globe Award trophy
| current_awards = 80th Golden Globe Awards
| awarded_for    = Excellence in [[film]] and [[television program|television]]
| presenter      = {{Plainlist|
*[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association|Hollywood Foreign Correspondents Association]] (1943–1954)
*[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association|Foreign Correspondents of Hollywood]] (1951–1954)
*[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] (1955–2023)
}}
| country        = United States
| year           = {{Start date and age|1944|1|20}}
| network        = [[NBC]]
| website        = {{url|goldenglobes.com}}
}}
An '''Golden Globe Awards''' iyo an premyo na piggagawad, huli sa excellence sa Americano asin internasyonal na pelikula asin telebisyon, kan [[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] (HFPA), sarong organisayon na nagrepresentar kan international journalists na nagreport sa [[Cinema of the United States|American entertainment industry]]. Iyo iyan an taonan na [[Awards ceremony|award ceremony]] piggaganap poon kaidtong 1944 tanganing tawan nin onra an mga artista asin mga propesyonal asin an saindang trabaho.

==Kasaysayan==
An [[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] (HFPA) tinogdas kaidtong 1943 bilang Hollywood Foreign Correspondent Association (HFCA) kan basado sa [[Los Angeles]] na foreign [[journalist]]s na naghahanap tanganing paurogon an better-organized process kan pagtiripon asin distribwiron an cinema news sa bakong U.S. na merkado.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henrietta Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Leonelli |first1=Elisa |title=The Henrietta Mystery Solved |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/classic/henrietta-mystery-solved-31351 |website=Golden Globe Awards |publisher=Hollywood Foreign Press Association |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120173454/https://www.goldenglobes.com/classic/henrietta-mystery-solved-31351 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vox&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the Hollywood Foreign Press Association?|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/1/10/10741076/golden-globes-2016-hfpa-explained|publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=January 23, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.co.in&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/throughtheireyes00step|url-access=registration|title=Through Their Eyes: Foreign Correspondents in the United States|first=Stephen|last=Hess|date=January 1, 2005|publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]]|access-date=October 31, 2016|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pwwi/is_201004//ai_n53123920/|title=FindArticles.com – CBSi|access-date=October 31, 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lista nin mga kanta narekord ni Paulina Rubio</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>308373</id>
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      <text bytes="64719" sha1="tgp8wnliyc3tiggmwa45c2pu8mktjsq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Paulina Rubio @ Asics Music Festival 08.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=|Si Paulina Rubio nagbibida kan 2007.]]

Si [[Paulina Rubio]] sarong Mehikanong parakanta asin aktresd na nabantog ka mga taon [[1980]] komo kaapil sa pop band [[Timbiriche]]. Pakarekord 10 studio albums kaiba sa grupo, siya naglitik na igdi asin nagsolo na sa saiyang karera. Saiyang ibinungsod an pangenot na album niya, an album ''[[La Chica Dorada]]'' kan 1992. Pakapaluwas nin apat na album sa [[EMI Music]], siya nagpirma nin kontrata sa [[Universal Music Group|Universal]], na ibinungsod an ''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]'' kan taon 2000, na iyo an pinakmabentang rekord sa bilog na karera niya. Siya nagpaluwas pang anom na album asin dangan pinadagos niya an saiyang karera bilang independyenteng artista na enot pinaluwas niya an ''[[Si Supieran]]'' kan 2019.                                                                                                                                               

== Mga Kanta ==
{| id=&quot;toc&quot; class=&quot;toc&quot; summary=&quot;Class&quot;
! {{MediaWiki:Toc}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[#A|A]]{{·}}[[#B|B]]{{·}}[[#C|C]]{{·}}[[#D|D]]{{·}}[[#E|E]]{{·}}[[#F|F]]{{·}}[[#G|G]]{{·}}[[#H|H]]{{·}}[[#I|I]]{{·}}[[#L|L]]{{·}}[[#M|M]]{{·}}[[#N|N]]{{·}}[[#O|O]]{{·}}[[#P|P]]{{·}}[[#Q|Q]]{{·}} [[#R|R]]{{·}}[[#S|S]]{{·}}[[#T|T]]{{·}}[[#U|U]]{{·}}[[#V|V]]{{·}}[[#W|W]]{{·}}[[#X|X]]{{·}}[[#Y|Y]]
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|+Lyabe
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|†
|Tanda' na an kanta naagihan na ni Paulina Rubio  
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot; |≠
|Tanda' na an bersyon sa Ingles orihinalmente pinaluwas sa Kastila  
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#E6E6FA&quot; |±
|Tanda' na bersyon sa Kastila orihinalmente pinaluwas sa Ingles 
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#FAEBD7&quot; |‡
|Tanda' na an kanta narekord parte kan sarong grupo  
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#DDFFDD&quot; |÷
|Tanda' na an kanta hale mansana sa mas enot na kanta 
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#B0E0E6&quot; |*
|Tanda' na an kanta nagluwas sa sarong espesyal na bersyon kan album
|-
|}

{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Mga kantang napaluwas na pigrekord ni Paulina Rubio
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:23em;&quot;| Kanta
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot;| Iba pang nagbirida
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:13em;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Mga Parasurat
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:13em;&quot;| Pinaghalean na albhum
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot;| Taon
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Toltolan}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|A}}&quot;A Contraluz&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Rafa Vergara&lt;br/&gt;[[Lester Mendez|Lester Méndez]]
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Gran City Pop Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/gran-city-pop-mw0000817182 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;A Ti, Volver, Regresar&quot;
|
|[[Claudio Bermúdez]]
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Tiempo Es Oro Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/tiempo-es-oro-mw0000174531 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Abriendo las puertas al amor|Abriendo las Puertas al Amor]]&quot;
|
|José Ramón Florez&lt;br/&gt;César Valle&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Pietro Felisatti|Difelisatti]]
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - La Chica Dorada Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-chica-dorada-mw0000088611 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Adentro&quot;
|
|Yasmil Marrufo&lt;br/&gt;Mario Cáceres&lt;br/&gt;[[Servando Primera]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]'' *
|2019
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Deseo (Edición Especial) by Paulina Rubio |date=2019-04-12 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/deseo-edici%C3%B3n-especial/1458756028 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Adiosito Corazón&quot;
|
|[[Jorge Villamizar]]
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Pau-Latina Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/pau-latina-mw0000333489 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Alma en Libertad&quot;
|
|[[Jorge Villamizar]]&lt;br/&gt;Juan Carlos Pérez Soto
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Algo De Ti|Algo de Ti]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Rafa Vergara&lt;br/&gt;Mauricio Gasca&lt;br/&gt;[[Lester Mendez|Lester Méndez]]
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;| &quot;[[Algo De Ti|Algo de Ti]] (Remix Dance)&quot;
|[[Juan Magán]]
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br /&gt;Rafa Vergara&lt;br /&gt;Mauricio Gasca&lt;br /&gt;[[Lester Mendez|Lester Méndez]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Juan Magán]]
|{{Non-album single}}
|2010
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Algo de Ti (Remix Dance) [feat. Juan Magan] - Single de Paulina Rubio |date=2010-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/algo-de-ti-remix-dance-feat-juan-magan-single/1445122024 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Algo tienes|Algo Tienes]]&quot;
|
|[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]&lt;br/&gt;M. Benito
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Algo Tienes (Instrumental)&quot;
|
|[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]&lt;br/&gt;M. Benito
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[All Around the World (Paulina Rubio song)|All Around the World]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[RedOne]]&lt;br/&gt;Jimmy Joker&lt;br/&gt;[[Teddy Sky]]&lt;br/&gt;[[AJ Junior]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Bilal Hajji|Bilal Haiji]]
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Brava! Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/brava!-mw0002240284 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Amanecí Sin Ti&quot;
|
|[[Andres Levin|Andrés Levin]]&lt;br/&gt;I. Padron&lt;br/&gt;[[Fernando Osorio]]&lt;br/&gt;Cuculand Music
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Amarnos No Es Pecado&quot;
|
|Vanessa Méndez&lt;br/&gt;Mario Shajris&lt;br/&gt;Daniel García
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Amarte en Libertad&quot;
|
|José Ramón Florez&lt;br/&gt;César Valle&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Pietro Felisatti|Difelisatti]]
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Amor de Mujer]]&quot;
|
|José Ramón Florez&lt;br/&gt;César Valle&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Pietro Felisatti|Difelisatti]]
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Amor Secreto&quot;
|
|[[Reyli Barba]]&lt;br/&gt;Ferra
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Asunto De Dos|Asunto de Dos]]&quot;
|
|Don Matamoros
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - 24 Kilates Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/24-kilates-mw0000621745 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Aún&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Aunque No Sea Conmigo&quot;
|
|Santiago Díaz Vera
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Ananda Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ananda-mw0000734695 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Ayúdame]]&quot;
|
|[[Coti]]
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|B}}&quot;Baby Paulina&quot;
|
|
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Paulina Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/paulina-mw0000064795 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E6E6FA&quot;|&quot;[[Baila Casanova]]&quot; ±
|
|Kevin Colbert&lt;br/&gt;Jeeve Ducornet&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;Calanit Ledani&lt;br/&gt;Darryl Zero
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Border Girl Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/border-girl-mw0000224234 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Baila Conmigo&quot;
|[[Bibi Gaytan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Eduardo Capetillo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stephanie Salas]]&lt;br/&gt;El Gato&lt;br/&gt;Gerardo Gallardo&lt;br/&gt;Angélica Ruvalcaba&lt;br/&gt;[[Rodrigo Vidal]]
|Manuel Pacho&lt;br/&gt;Rosa Salcedo
|''[[Baila conmigo (TV series)|Baila Conmigo]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Various - Baila Conmigo |date=1992 |url=https://www.discogs.com/master/1197748-Various-Baila-Conmigo |access-date=2023-12-07 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Baila Conmigo el Rock and Roll&quot;
|[[Bibi Gaytan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Eduardo Capetillo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stephanie Salas]]&lt;br/&gt;El Gato&lt;br/&gt;Gerardo Gallardo
|Ricardo Ochoa&lt;br/&gt;Jaynelle
|''[[Baila conmigo (TV series)|Baila Conmigo]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Baila Que Baila&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Teddy Méndez&lt;br/&gt;Edwin Pérez&lt;br/&gt;J. De Jesús&lt;br/&gt;Tea Time
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Bajo la Luna&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Eric López Raya&lt;br/&gt;Álvaro Porqueras Rubio&lt;br/&gt;David Julca&lt;br/&gt;Javier García&lt;br/&gt;Jonathan Julca
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Deseo de Paulina Rubio |date=2018-09-14 |url=https://music.apple.com/cl/album/deseo/1434634704 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Bésame En La Boca (song)|Bésame en la Boca]]&quot;
|
|Didi Gutman&lt;br/&gt;Adrián Posse
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Border Girl&quot;
|
|David Eriksen&lt;br/&gt;[[Richard Marx]]&lt;br/&gt;Sindre Hotvedt
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Boys Will Be Boys (Paulina Rubio song)|Boys Will Be Boys]]&quot;
|
|[[Bilal Hajji|Bilal Haiji]]&lt;br/&gt;[[RedOne]]&lt;br/&gt;Adam Baptiste&lt;br/&gt;[[Alex Papaconstantinou]]
|''[[Brava!|Bravísima!]]'' and ''Brava! Reload''
|2012
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Bravísima! (US Edition) - EP by Paulina Rubio |date=2012-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/brav%C3%ADsima-us-edition-ep/1443488013 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Bravísima! de Paulina Rubio |date=2012-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/brav%C3%ADsima/1444156926 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|C}}&quot;Cancún y Yo&quot;
|
|[[Alberto Aguilera Valadez]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Casanova (Paulina Rubio song)|Casanova]]&quot;
|
|Kevin Colbert&lt;br/&gt;Jeeve Ducornet&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;Calanit Ledani&lt;br/&gt;Darryl Zero
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Cásate Con Tu Mamá&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Adriana Lucía
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Causa y Efecto]]&quot;
|
|[[Mario Domm]]&lt;br/&gt;Mónica Vélez Solano
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Causa y Efecto (Banda)&quot;
|
|[[Mario Domm]]&lt;br/&gt;Mónica Vélez Solano&lt;br/&gt;Alberto &quot;Lion King&quot; De León
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Causa y Efecto (Urban Remix)&quot;
|[[Angel &amp; Khriz]]
|Mario Domm&lt;br/&gt;Mónica Vélez Solano&lt;br/&gt;[[Angel &amp; Khriz]]
|''6 Super Hits''
|2009
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=6 Super Hits: Paulina Rubio - EP by Paulina Rubio |date=2009-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/6-super-hits-paulina-rubio-ep/1444051672 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Cómo Me las Maravillaría Yo&quot;
|[[Rosario Flores|Rosario]]
|Rafael de León&lt;br/&gt;Pedrero Juan Solano
|''Parte de Mí''
|2008
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Rosario - Parte De Mí (Edición De Lujo) |date=2008 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/7869654-Rosario-Parte-De-M%C3%AD-Edici%C3%B3n-De-Lujo |access-date=2023-12-07 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Compañía&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez&lt;br/&gt;Don Matamoros
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Corazón Tirano&quot;
|
|[[José Ramón Flórez|José Ramón Florez]]&lt;br/&gt;Fredy Marugan
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Cuánto Te Quiero&quot; ÷
|
|Jonathan Julca&lt;br/&gt;David Julca&lt;br/&gt;[[Joey Montana]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ritchie Valens]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|D}}&quot;Dame Más (Afterparty)&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Enrique Larreal&lt;br/&gt;Juan José Covarrubias&lt;br/&gt;Yasmil Jesús Marrufo&lt;br/&gt;[[Servando Primera]]&lt;br/&gt;Mario Cáceres
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]'' *
|2019
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Dame Otro Tequila]]&quot;
|
|[[Emilio Estefan]]&lt;br/&gt;Tony Mardini&lt;br/&gt;Alberto Gaitán&lt;br/&gt;Tom McWilliams
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Dame Tu Amor&quot; {{Tooltip|÷|It samples Young &amp; Company's &quot;I Like What You're Doing to Me&quot;}}
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Claudia Brant]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Richard &quot;Humpty&quot; Vission]]&lt;br/&gt;Gary Brown&lt;br/&gt;Amanda Cee
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Dame Tu Amor |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZd2b7nPvkU |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[De Qué Sirve]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Andrés Castro Ríos|Andrés Castro]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Edgar Barrera]]
|{{Non-album single}}
|2019
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=De Qué Sirve - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2019-12-13 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/de-qu%C3%A9-sirve-single/1490519805 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Desire (Me Tienes Loquita)]]&quot;
|[[Nacho (singer)|Nacho]]
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Nacho (singer)|Nacho]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Despiértate&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Bella Morel&lt;br/&gt;[[Fredrik Renander|Fredrik Lenander]]&lt;br/&gt;Lars Erlandsson&lt;br/&gt;[[Per Magnusson]]&lt;br/&gt;[[David Kreuger]]
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Planeta Paulina Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/planeta-paulina-mw0000075146 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Diamante Puro&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Dime&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Thomas Grant
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Dime Si Soy Sexy&quot;
|
|[[José Ramón Flórez|José Ramón Florez]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle&lt;br/&gt;Remy Causse
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Don't Say Goodbye (Paulina Rubio song)|Don't Say Goodbye]]&quot;
|
|Gen Rubin&lt;br/&gt;Cheryl Yie
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|E}}&quot;[[Él Me Engañó]]&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;Don Matamoros
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;El Primer Amor&quot;
|
|[[Aleks Syntek|Raúl Alejandro Escajadillo Peña]]
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;El Tren de la Vida&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;David Cabrera&lt;br/&gt;[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[El Último Adiós]]&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FAEBD7&quot;|&quot;[[El Ultimo Adios (The Last Goodbye)|El Último Adiós (The Last Goodbye)]]&quot; ‡
|Various Artists
|[[Gian Marco]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Emilio Estefan]]
|{{Non-album single}}
|2001
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=El Último Adiós - EP by Various Artists |date=2001-11-20 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/el-%C3%BAltimo-adi%C3%B3s-ep/193156077 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;En el Nombre del Amor&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Entre la Luna y el Sol&quot;
|
|Daniel Carbonell&lt;br/&gt;Tomas Tirtha Rundquist&lt;br/&gt;Toy Hernández&lt;br/&gt;Manuel Rendón
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Enamorada (I'm So In Love)|Enamorada]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Enséñame&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;David Cabrera
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Escaleras de Arena&quot;
|
|[[Mario Domm]]&lt;br/&gt;Mónica Vélez Solano&lt;br/&gt;[[Lester Mendez|Lester Méndez]]
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;  style=&quot;background-color:#FAEBD7&quot;|&quot;Estas Navidades&quot; ‡
|Estrellas de Navidad
|G.P. Felisatti
|''Estrellas de Navidad''
|1997
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Various - Estrellas De Navidad |date=1997 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/11992780-Various-Estrellas-De-Navidad |access-date=2023-12-07 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|{{anchor|F}}&quot;[[Sexi Dance|Fire (Sexy Dance)]]&quot; ≠
|
|[[Estéfano]]
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|{{anchor|G}}&quot;[[Golpes en el Corazón]]&quot; †
|[[Los Tigres del Norte]]
|Víctor Valencia&lt;br/&gt;Pablo Castro
|''[[MTV Unplugged: Los Tigres del Norte and Friends]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Tr3s Presents MTV Unplugged: Los Tigres del Norte and Friends by Los Tigres del Norte |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/tr3s-presents-mtv-unplugged-los-tigres-del-norte-and/1442263108 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|H}}&quot;Heat of the Night&quot;
|
|[[RedOne]]&lt;br/&gt;Jimmy Joker&lt;br/&gt;[[AJ Junior]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Teddy Sky]]
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Historia de Navidad&quot;
|
|[[Aleks Syntek]]
|''Estrellas de Navidad''
|1997
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Hoy&quot;
|
|Adrián Sosa
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Hoy Eres Ayer&quot;
|
|David Julca&lt;br/&gt;Yoel Henríquez&lt;br/&gt;Jonathan Julca
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Hoy Te Dejé De Amar|Hoy Te Dejé de Amar]]&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Hoy Me Toca a Mí&quot;
|[[Taboo (rapper)|Taboo]]
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Taboo (rapper)|Taboo]]&lt;br/&gt;Sebastian Jacome&lt;br/&gt;[[Larry Hernández]]
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|{{anchor|I}}&quot;[[I Was Made for Lovin' You]]&quot; †
|
|[[Paul Stanley]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Desmond Child]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vini Poncia]]
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|&quot;[[I'll Be Right Here (Sexual Lover)]]&quot; ≠
|
|[[Jodi Marr]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|&quot;[[Enamorada (I'm So In Love)|I'm So in Love]]&quot; ≠
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[I'm So in Love: Grandes Éxitos]]''
|2001
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=I'm So In Love: Grandes Éxitos by Paulina Rubio |date=2001-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/im-so-in-love-grandes-%C3%A9xitos/724617363 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Introducción&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Introducción&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|L}}&quot;La Chica Dorada&quot;
|
|José Ramón Florez&lt;br/&gt;César Valle&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Pietro Felisatti|Difelisatti]]
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;La Danza del Escorpión&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Fernando Montesinos&lt;br/&gt;Rubén Villanueva
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|&quot;La Escoba&quot; †
|
|[[Los Sírex|Los Sirex]]
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Late Mi Corazón&quot;
|[[Juan Magán]]
|[[Juan Magán]]&lt;br/&gt;Luiggi Giussepe Olivares Gordon&lt;br/&gt;Wender Wagner Kramer&lt;br/&gt;Darlyn Alberto Cuevas Segura
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Libre&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Lo Haré Por Ti]]&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Lo Que Pensamos&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Áureo Baqueiro
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|&quot;Lo Siento, Mi Amor&quot; †
|[[Rocío Jurado]]
|Ana Magdalena&lt;br/&gt;[[Manuel Alejandro]]
|''Rocío Siempre''
|2006
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Rocío Siempre by Rocío Jurado |date=2006-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/roc%C3%ADo-siempre/271390076 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Los Dioses Se Van&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Loud&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[RedOne]]&lt;br/&gt;[[AJ Junior]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Teddy Sky]]&lt;br/&gt;Bigramjhon Zayas&lt;br/&gt;[[Bilal Hajji|Bilal Haiji]]
|''[[Brava!|Bravísima!]]'' and ''Brava! Reload''
|2012
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|M}}&quot;Mal de Amores&quot;
|[[Juan Magán]]
|[[Juan Magán]]&lt;br/&gt;Agustín Sarasa
|''Mal de Amores (The Remixes)''
|2013
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mal de Amores (The Remixes) - EP by Juan Magán |date=2013-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/mal-de-amores-the-remixes-ep/1445287523 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Maldito Amor&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Más Que Amigo&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;David Cabrera
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Me Estoy Enamorando&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Me Gusta&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Carlos Peralta]]&lt;br/&gt;Ruben McFadden&lt;br/&gt;[[Jencarlos Canela|Jencarlos]]&lt;br/&gt;Andy Bazua&lt;br/&gt;LA TINTA STARS
|{{Non-album single}}
|2022
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Me Gusta - Single by Paulina Rubio &amp; Maffio |date=2022-10-06 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/me-gusta-single/1645397125 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Me Gustas Tanto]]&quot;
|
|Andrés Recio&lt;br/&gt;Carlos Escalona&lt;br/&gt;[[Nacho (singer)|Miguel Ignacio Mendoza Donatti]]
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Me Gustas Tanto]] (3BallMTY Remix)&quot;
|[[3Ball MTY|3BallMTY]]
|Andrés Recio&lt;br/&gt;Carlos Escalona&lt;br/&gt;[[Nacho (singer)|Miguel Ignacio Mendoza Donatti]]
|''[[Brava!|Bravísima!]]'' and ''Brava! Reload''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Me Quema]]&quot;
|
|Juan Pablo Isaza&lt;br/&gt;Juan Pablo Villamil&lt;br/&gt;Simón Vargas
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2016
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|&quot;Me Siento Mucho Más Fuerte&quot; †
|
|[[Charly García]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gene Clark]]
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Me voy (Paulina Rubio song)|Me Voy]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Espinoza Paz]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcela de la Garza&lt;br/&gt;Casadiego
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Me voy (Paulina Rubio song)|Me Voy]]&quot;
|[[Espinoza Paz]]
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Espinoza Paz]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcela de la Garza&lt;br/&gt;Casadiego
|''[[Brava!|Bravísima!]]'' and ''Brava! Reload''
|2012
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Megahits&quot;
|
|[[José Ramón Flórez|José Ramón Florez]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle&lt;br/&gt;Difelisatti&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez&lt;br/&gt;Marco Flores&lt;br/&gt;César Lemos&lt;br/&gt;Karla Aponte&lt;br/&gt;Rodolfo Castillo
|''[[I'm So in Love: Grandes Éxitos]]''
|2001
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Melodía de Tu Alma&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Mi Decisión&quot;
|[[Fangoria (band)|Fangoria]]
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Nacho Canut|Ignacio Canut Guillen]]&lt;br/&gt;Juan Sueiro&lt;br/&gt;[[Alaska (singer)|Olvido Gara]]
|{{Non-album single}}
|2023
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mi decisión (Canción original de la película &quot;La novia de América&quot;) - Single by Fangoria &amp; Paulina Rubio |date=2023-04-07 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/mi-decisi%C3%B3n-canci%C3%B3n-original-de-la-pel%C3%ADcula-la-novia/1677411836 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|&quot;[[Mi Nuevo Vicio]]&quot; †
|[[Morat (band)|Morat]]
|Juan Pablo Villamil&lt;br/&gt;Juan Pablo Isaza&lt;br/&gt;Alejandro Posada&lt;br/&gt;Simón Vargas
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2016
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Mía (Paulina Rubio song)|Mía]]&quot;
|
|[[Emilio Estefan]]&lt;br/&gt;Tony Mardini&lt;br/&gt;Ricardo Gaitán&lt;br/&gt;Alberto Gaitán&lt;br/&gt;Tom McWilliams
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Miedo (Paulina Rubio song)|Miedo]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Miel y Sal&quot;
|
|Karla Aponte&lt;br/&gt;César Lemus&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Miénteme una Vez Más&quot;
|
|Marc Nelkin&lt;br/&gt;Maria Christensen&lt;br/&gt;Jonnie &quot;Most&quot; Davis&lt;br/&gt;Sebastian Schon
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; / *style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot; * |&quot;[[Mío]]&quot;
|
|[[José Ramón Flórez|José Ramón Florez]]&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Mírame a los Ojos&quot;
|
|[[Alejandro Abad|Alejandro A. García Abad]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;My Friend, Mi Amigo&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Andres Levin]]&lt;br/&gt;Ileana Padrón
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|N}}&quot;N.O.&quot;
|
|[[Eric Sanicola]]&lt;br/&gt;Brooke Ross&lt;br/&gt;[[Gustavo Celis]]&lt;br/&gt;Nika García
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Nada De Ti|Nada de Ti]]&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Nada Fue un Error&quot;
|[[Coti]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Julieta Venegas]]
|[[Coti]]
|''[[Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos|Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos (Live)]]''
|2005
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos (Live) by Coti |date=2005-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/esta-ma%C3%B1ana-y-otros-cuentos-live/1442492151 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205220611/https://music.apple.com/us/album/esta-ma%C3%B1ana-y-otros-cuentos-live/1442492151 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Nada Puede Cambiarme]]&quot;
|
|Fernando Montesinos
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Nada Puedes Hacer&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez&lt;br/&gt;Don Matamoros
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|&quot;[[Nena (song)|Nena]]&quot; †
|[[Miguel Bosé]]
|Elio Aldrighetti&lt;br/&gt;V. Ierovante&lt;br/&gt;[[Miguel Bosé|Miguel Bosé Dominguín]]
|''[[Papito (album)|Papito]]''
|2007
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Papito (Deluxe) by Miguel Bosé |date=2007-03-06 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/papito-deluxe/346565566 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes]]&quot;
|
|[[Noel Schajris]]&lt;br/&gt;Claudia Brant&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Marco]]
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes]] (Banda)&quot;
|[[Jenni Rivera]]
|[[Noel Schajris]]&lt;br/&gt;Claudia Brant&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Marco]]
|{{Non-album single}}
|2009
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ni Rosas, Ni Juguetes (feat. Jenni Rivera) [Versión Banda] - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2009-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ni-rosas-ni-juguetes-feat-jenni-rivera-versi%C3%B3n-banda-single/1445289521 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes|Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes (Mr. 305 Remix)]]&quot;
|[[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]
|[[Noel Schajris]]&lt;br/&gt;Claudia Brant&lt;br/&gt;[[Gian Marco]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Armando Pérez]]
|{{Non-album single}}
|2009
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ni Rosas, Ni Juguetes (Mr. 305 Remix) [feat. Pitbull] by Paulina Rubio |date=2009-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ni-rosas-ni-juguetes-mr-305-remix-feat-pitbull-single/1445280065 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Ni una Sola Palabra]]&quot;
|
|[[La Oreja de Van Gogh|Xabier San Martín Beldarrain]]
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Nieva, Nieva]]&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;No al Alguacil&quot;
|[[Gloria Trevi]]
|[[Gloria Trevi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Sebastian Jacome&lt;br/&gt;[[Kasia Livingston]]
|''[[Gloria (Gloria Trevi album)|Gloria]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Gloria (Deluxe Edition) by Gloria Trevi |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/gloria-deluxe-edition/1445156045 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;No Es Mi Culpa&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Patrick A. Ingunza&lt;br/&gt;Gabriel E. González&lt;br/&gt;Viviana C. Nava Ochoa
|{{Non-album single}}
|2023
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=No Es Mi Culpa - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2023-02-23 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/no-es-mi-culpa-single/1671041210 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;No Más Traiciones&quot;
|[[Sergio Vallín|Vallin]]
|[[Sergio Vallín]]
|''[[Bendito Entre Las Mujeres|Bendito Entre las Mujeres]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Bendito Entre las Mujeres by Vallin |date=2009-09-22 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/bendito-entre-las-mujeres/330816547 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;No Me Olvides&quot;
|
|Carolina Cortés&lt;br/&gt;José Luis Campuzano
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;No Te Cambio&quot;
|
|[[Juanes]]
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|&quot;[[Yo No Soy Esa Mujer|Not That Kind of Girl]]&quot; ≠
|
|[[Christian De Walden]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Jodi Marr]]
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|{{anchor|O}}&quot;Ojalá&quot; †
|
|[[Marco Antonio Solís]]
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Olvídate de Mí&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Casadiego
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|&quot;[[Solo Por Ti|Only for You]]&quot; ≠
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[I'm So in Love: Grandes Éxitos]]''
|2001
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|&quot;[[Siempre Tuya Desde La Raíz|Open Up Your Heart]]&quot; ≠
|
|César Lemos&lt;br/&gt;Karla Aponte&lt;br/&gt;Rodolfo Castillo
|''[[I'm So in Love: Grandes Éxitos]]''
|2001
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Otra Vez&quot;
|[[Coti]]
|[[Coti]]
|''[[Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos|Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos (Live)]]''
|2005
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|P}}&quot;Perros&quot;
|
|[[Jorge Villamizar]]&lt;br/&gt;Xandra Uribe
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Pobre Niña Rica&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Maxisingle (Paulina Rubio EP)|Maxisingle]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Maxisingle - EP by Paulina Rubio |date=1995-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/maxisingle-ep/723965794 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Pobre Niña Rica (song)|Pobre Niña Rica]]&quot;
|
|Graciella Carballo&lt;br/&gt;Mario Pupparo&lt;br/&gt;Marco Flores
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Propiedad Privada&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Eduardo Bladinieres&lt;br/&gt;Gilberto Elguezábal&lt;br/&gt;Marcela de la Garza
|{{Non-album single}}
|2023
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Propiedad Privada - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2023-06-30 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/propiedad-privada-single/1692604346 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|Q}}&quot;Que Estuvieras Aquí&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcela de la Garza&lt;br/&gt;[[Julio Reyes Copello]]&lt;br/&gt;Juan Pablo Vega
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Qué Me Voy a Quedar&quot;
|
|[[Coti]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Julieta Venegas]]
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Quiero Cambiarme&quot;
|
|[[Emilio Estefan]]&lt;br/&gt;Ricardo Gaitán&lt;br/&gt;Alberto Gaitán&lt;br/&gt;Nicolás Tovar
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|R}}&quot;Retrato&quot;
|
|[[Cachorro López]]&lt;br/&gt;Sebastian Schon&lt;br/&gt;Sandra Baylac
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|S}}&quot;Sabes Que Te Amo&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Casadiego
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Sabor a Miel]]&quot;
|
|José Ramón Florez&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Sangre Latina&quot;
|
|José Ramón Florez&lt;br/&gt;César Valle
|''[[La Chica Dorada]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Say the Word&quot;
|
|[[DVLP]]&lt;br/&gt;[[RedOne]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Bilal Hajji|Bilal Haiji]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Teddy Sky]]
|''[[Brava!|Bravísima!]]'' and ''Brava! Reload''
|2012
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Será Entre Tú y Yo&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Voces Unidas]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Voces Unidas by Various Artists |date=1996-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/voces-unidas/714373853 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Sexi Dance]]&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Si Supieran]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Antonio Cortés &quot;Barullo&quot;&lt;br/&gt;Óscar Hernández &quot;Oscarito&quot;&lt;br/&gt;Jesús &quot;DalePlay&quot; Herrera
|{{Non-album single}}
|2019
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Si Supieran - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2019-09-12 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/si-supieran-single/1479489464 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Si Te Marchas Con Otra&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Si Te Vas (Paulina Rubio song)|Si Te Vas]]&quot;
|
|Javier García&lt;br/&gt;Juan Fernando Fonseca&lt;br/&gt;Jonathan Julca&lt;br/&gt;[[Raúl Alexis Ortíz|Raúl &quot;Alexis&quot; Ortíz]]&lt;br/&gt;David Julca&lt;br/&gt;[[Alexis &amp; Fido|Joel Martínez]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2016
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Si Te Vas (Paulina Rubio song)|Si Te Vas]] (Reggaeton)&quot;
|[[Alexis &amp; Fido]]
|Javier García&lt;br/&gt;Juan Fernando Fonseca&lt;br/&gt;Jonathan Julca&lt;br/&gt;[[Raúl Alexis Ortíz|Raúl &quot;Alexis&quot; Ortíz]]&lt;br/&gt;David Julca&lt;br/&gt;[[Alexis &amp; Fido|Joel Martínez]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2016
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E6E6FA&quot;|&quot;[[Si Tú Te Vas (Paulina Rubio song)|Si Tú Te Vas]]&quot; ±
|
|Gen Rubin&lt;br/&gt;Cheryl Yie&lt;br/&gt;Luis Gómez Escolar
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Siempre Tuya Desde La Raíz|Siempre Tuya Desde la Raíz]]&quot;
|
|César Lemos&lt;br/&gt;Karla Aponte&lt;br/&gt;Rodolfo Castillo
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Sin Aire&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Chris Rodriguez (singer)|Chris Rodríguez]]
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Sin Final&quot;
|
|[[Cachorro López]]&lt;br/&gt;Sebastian Schon
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Sola&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Solo Por Ti]]&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FAEBD7&quot;|&quot;[[Somos El Mundo 25 Por Haiti|Somos el Mundo 25 por Haití]]&quot; ‡
|[[Artists for Haiti|Artistas por Haití]]
|
|{{Non-album single}}
|2010
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Somos El Mundo 25 Por Haiti by Artistas por Haiti |date=2010-03-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/somos-el-mundo-25-por-haiti-single/371031624 |access-date=2023-11-29 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Stereo&quot;
|Pretty Willie
|[[Michelle Bell]]&lt;br/&gt;Kenny Dickerson
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Suave y Sutil]]&quot;
|
|[[La Oreja de Van Gogh|Xabier San Martín Beldarrain]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]''
|2018
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Sueña y Baila Conmigo&quot;
|
|[[José Ramón Florez]]&lt;br/&gt;Giralt Florez
|''[[Baila conmigo (TV series)|Baila Conmigo]]''
|1992
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Sueño de Cristal&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|T}}&quot;[[Tal Vez, Quizá]]&quot;
|
|[[Armando Manzanero]]
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Tan Sola&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Te Daría Mi Vida]]&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Te Quise Tanto]]&quot;
|
|[[Coti]]&lt;br/&gt;Andahí&lt;br/&gt;[[Adrian Schinoff|Adrián Schinoff]]
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Te Quise y Te Quiero&quot;
|
|[[Mauricio Rengifo]]&lt;br/&gt;Juan Pablo Isaza&lt;br/&gt;Juan Pablo Villamil
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]'' *
|2019
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFB6C1&quot;|&quot;[[El Último Adiós|The Last Goodbye]]&quot; ≠
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Jodi Marr]]
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[The One You Love (Paulina Rubio song)|The One You Love]]&quot;
|
|[[Troy Verges]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Brett James]]
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E6E6FA&quot;|&quot;[[The One You Love (Paulina Rubio song)|Todo Mi Amor]]&quot; ±
|
|[[Troy Verges]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Brett James]]&lt;br/&gt;Luis Gómez Escolar
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Tú Sólo Tú&quot;
|
|C. Sánchez&lt;br/&gt;Don Matamoros
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Tú y Yo&quot;
|
|Marco Flores&lt;br/&gt;[[KC Porter|K.C. Porter]]
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;{{Tooltip|Tú y Yo|2006 song}}&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[C. &quot;Tricky&quot; Stewart]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcelo Brestovoy
|''[[Ananda (album)|Ananda]]''
|2006
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;{{Tooltip|[[Tú y Yo (Raymix and Paulina Rubio song)|Tú y Yo]]|2020 song}}&quot;
|[[Raymix]]
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Yasmil Marrufo&lt;br/&gt;Jorge Luis Chacín&lt;br/&gt;[[Edmundo Gómez Moreno]]
|''[[Te Voy a Conquistar (album)|Te Voy a Conquistar]]''
|2020
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Te Voy A Conquistar by Raymix |date=2022-01-14 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/te-voy-a-conquistar/1599649303 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFFFCC&quot;|{{anchor|U}}&quot;Un Beso y una Flor&quot; †
|
|José Luis Armenteros&lt;br/&gt;Pablo Herrero&lt;br/&gt;[[Jacobo Calderón]]
|''Niño Bravo - 40 Años Con Niño''
|2009
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Niño Bravo - 40 Años Con Niño by Various Artists |date=2009-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ni%C3%B1o-bravo-40-a%C3%B1os-con-ni%C3%B1o/1442984211 |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Un Día Gris&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[El Tiempo Es Oro (album)|El Tiempo Es Oro]]''
|1995
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Una Historia Más&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Marco Flores
|''[[Planeta Paulina]]''
|1996
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Undeniable&quot;
|
|[[Jodi Marr]]&lt;br/&gt;Rodolfo Castillo&lt;br/&gt;Sindre Hotvedt
|''[[Border Girl]]''
|2002
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|V}}&quot;[[Vive El Verano|Vive el Verano]]&quot;
|
|Ignacio Ballesteros&lt;br/&gt;[[Richard Daniel Roman]]&lt;br/&gt;Marc Martin&lt;br/&gt;Santi Maspons
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Volvamos a Empezar&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcela de la Garza&lt;br/&gt;[[Julio Reyes Copello]]&lt;br/&gt;Casadiego
|''[[Brava!]]''
|2011
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Volverás&quot;
|
|Angie Chirino&lt;br/&gt;Tim Mitchell&lt;br/&gt;Clay Ostwald
|''[[Pau-Latina]]''
|2004
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Vuelve&quot;
|[[Juan Magán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[DCS (band)|DCS]]
|[[Carlos Peralta]]&lt;br/&gt;Darlyn Cuevas
|''[[The King Is Back (album)|The King Is Back (#LatinIBIZAte)]]''
|2015
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=The King Is Back (#LatinIBIZAte) by Juan Magán |date=2015-10-16 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-king-is-back-latinibizate/1443159419 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Vuelve Junto A Mi|Vuelve Junto a Mí]]&quot;
|
|César Valle&lt;br/&gt;C. Sánchez
|''[[24 Kilates]]''
|1993
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|W}}&quot;When You Say Nothing At All (Spanglish Version)&quot;
|[[Ronan Keating]]
|[[Paul Overstreet]]&lt;br/&gt;Don Alan Schlitz
|''[[Turn It On]]''
|2003
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=When You Say Nothing At All (Spanglish Version) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQL2Fo5vGxc |access-date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|X}}&quot;Xico: Semilla de Paz&quot;
|
|Carlos Alberto Sánchez Azcuaga
|{{Non-album single}}
|2021
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Xico: Semilla de Paz - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2021-01-15 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/xico-semilla-de-paz-single/1552335307 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{anchor|Y}}&quot;[[Y Yo Sigo Aquí]]&quot;
|
|[[Estéfano]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Ya Fue&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Coti]]&lt;br/&gt;Diego Olivero
|''[[Gran City Pop]]''
|2009
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Ya No Me Engañas]]&quot;
|
|[[La Oreja de Van Gogh|Xabier San Martín Beldarrain]]
|''[[Deseo (Paulina Rubio album)|Deseo]]'' *
|2019
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Yo No Soy Esa Mujer]]&quot;
|
|[[Christian De Walden]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ralf Stemmann]]&lt;br/&gt;Marcello Azevedo
|''[[Paulina (album)|Paulina]]''
|2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;[[Yo Soy (Paulina Rubio song)|Yo Soy]]&quot;
|
|[[Paulina Rubio]]&lt;br/&gt;Felipe González Abad&lt;br/&gt;Andrés Castro&lt;br/&gt;Valentina Rico&lt;br/&gt;Omar Luis Sabino&lt;br/&gt;Andy Clay
|{{Non-album single}}
|2021
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Yo Soy - Single by Paulina Rubio |date=2021-10-14 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/yo-soy-single/1587722883 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Timbiriche ==
Paulina Rubio was one of the founding members of Mexican children/teen pop band [[Timbiriche]] since 1982 until her departure in 1991. She recorded 10 studio albums with the band plus a live album from their first reunion tour in 1999. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Released songs recorded by Paulina Rubio as a member of Timbiriche
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:23em;&quot; | Song
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot; | Other performer(s)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:13em;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Writer(s)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:13em;&quot; | Originating album
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Acelerar&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche 9 de Timbiriche |date=1988-05-07 |url=https://music.apple.com/sv/album/timbiriche-9/1443519795 |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Adiós a la Escuela&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Disco Ruido (Remasterizado) |date=1983-09-01 |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4B9RKPpOPd1hTeSa0XV44t |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Alma Máter&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche - Vaselina |date=1984 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/10170474-Timbiriche-Vaselina |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ámame Hasta con los Dientes&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche, Vol. 8 de Timbiriche |date=1988-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/timbiriche-vol-8/1443480611 |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Amanda&quot;
|
|Amparo Rubín&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Amazona&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Amor Para Ti&quot;
|
|[[Pedro Damián]]&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche de Timbiriche |date=1982-04-30 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/timbiriche/1443489780 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Amor Primero&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ay del Chiquirritín&quot;
|
|
|''Esta Navidad''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:35&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Esta Navidad |date=1987-12-01 |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/2EFVULAWKP5na6F6isLzzi |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Time Warp (song)|Baile del Sapo]]&quot;
|
|[[Richard O'Brien's The Rocky Horror Show|Richard O'Brien]]
[[Luis de Llano Macedo|Luis de Llano]]
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=La Banda Timbiriche - En Concierto |date=1983 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/8266206-La-Banda-Timbiriche-En-Concierto |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Baile Escolar&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Basta Ya&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Besos de Ceniza&quot;
|
|Kiko Campos&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche, Vol. 7 de Timbiriche |date=1987-06-29 |url=https://music.apple.com/cl/album/timbiriche-vol-7/1443481692 |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Tallahassee Lassie|Chica Alborotada]]&quot;
|
|Frank S. Slay
Bob Crewe
Viscariello
J. Glez
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Chispita&quot;
|
|Álvaro Dávila&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=La Banda Timbiriche de Timbiriche |date=1982-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/la-banda-timbiriche/1443531651 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Cocorito&quot;
|
|Enzo Feliciati&lt;br /&gt;Foschini&lt;br /&gt;Ceroni&lt;br /&gt;[[Miguel Bosé|BOSE]]
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Cómo Te Diré&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche, Vol. 10 de Timbiriche |date=1990-01-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/timbiriche-vol-10/1443460327 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Como Tú&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Con Todos Menos Conmigo&quot;
|
|Roberto Guido Vitale
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Concierto de Rock&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche Rock Show de Timbiriche |date=1985-07-01 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/timbiriche-rock-show/1443508438 |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Confidente de Secundaria&quot;
|
|Lewis
Hargrave
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Corro, Vuelo, Me Acelero&quot;
|
|Amparo Rubín
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Cosas Peores&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Dime&quot;
|
|[[José Luis Perales]]
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Disco Ruido&quot;
|
|Enzo Feliciati&lt;br /&gt;[[Miguel Bosé|BOSE]]
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;El Autocinema&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;El Gato Rocanrolero&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;El Pregonero&quot;
|
|Álvaro Dávila&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;El Ratón&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;El Rock Nació Conmigo&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Eres un Milagro&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Escapar de Ti&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Está Despierto&quot;
|
|
|''El Concierto''
|1999
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche - El Concierto |date=1999 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/8357772-Timbiriche-El-Concierto |access-date=2023-12-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Esta Navidad&quot;
|La Hermandad
|
|''Esta Navidad''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:35&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Fin de Semana&quot;
|
|Amparo Rubín&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Flash&quot;
|
|Kiko Campos&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''Quinceañera''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:37&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche - Quinceañera |date=1986 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/7025193-Timbiriche-Quincea%C3%B1era |access-date=2023-12-03 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Flechado Estoy&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Freddy Mi Amor&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Gordita&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Hay Lluvia en la Noche del Baile&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Hay Que Entrenar&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Historia de...&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Historia de Amor&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Hoy Tengo Que Decirte Papá&quot;
|
|[[Pedro Damián]]&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Imagine (John Lennon song)|Imagina]]&quot;
|
|[[John Lennon]]
[[Pedro Damián]] (adaptation)
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Iremos Juntos&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Irresistible&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Junto a Ti&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Juntos&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;La Banda Timbiriche&quot;
|
|Enzo Feliciati&lt;br /&gt;Foschini&lt;br /&gt;[[Miguel Bosé|BOSE]]
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;La Fuerza del Amor&quot;
|
|
|''El Concierto''
|1999
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;La Vida Es Mejor Cantando&quot;
|
|[[Pedro Damián]]&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Lo Pensé Muy Bien&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Lo Quiero&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Los Tristones&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Lucila&quot;
|
|R. Penniman
A. Collins
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Luna Llena&quot;
|
|J.V. Sahrenkrog&lt;br /&gt;Peteasen&lt;br /&gt;[[Carlo Karges]]&lt;br /&gt;Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;La Banda Jerez
|Non-album single
|1987
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Timbiriche - Luna llena |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VckHzXlbI5o |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Mágico Amor&quot;
|
|Kiko Campos&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Mamá&quot;
|
|Amparo Rubín&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Más Que un Amigo&quot;
|
|Carlos Lara Galván&lt;br /&gt;Jesús Monárrez
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Máscaras&quot;
|
|J.V. Sahrenkrog&lt;br /&gt;Peteasen&lt;br /&gt;[[Carlo Karges]]&lt;br /&gt;Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Me Estoy Volviendo Loca&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Me Plantó&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Me Pongo Mal&quot;
|
|Paulina Carranza&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Medley de Cri Cri&quot;
|
|[[Francisco Gabilondo Soler]]
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;México&quot;
|
|Enzo Feliciati&lt;br /&gt;Foschini&lt;br /&gt;[[Miguel Bosé|BOSE]]
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Mi Globo Azul&quot;
|
|J.V. Sahrenkrog
Peteasen
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Mickey (Toni Basil song)|Micky]]&quot;
|
|Mike Chapman
Nicky Chinn
Rosalía Valdez
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Mírame (Cuestión de Tiempo)&quot;
|
|Kiko Campos&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Muriendo Lento&quot;
|
|
|''El Concierto''
|1999
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;No&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;No Crezcas Más&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;No Me Canso de Rockear&quot;
|
|Craig Chaquico
M. Thomas
Marco Flores
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;No Sé Si Es Amor&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;No Seas Tan Cruel Conmigo&quot;
|
|Alejandro Zepeda Cervantes
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Summer Nights (Grease song)|Noches de Verano]]&quot;
|
|J. Jacobs
Casey
Julia I. De Llano
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ojos de Miel&quot;
|
|Amparo Rubín&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Paranoia&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Pasos&quot;
|
|Jesús Domínguez&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[One Step (Kissing the Pink song)|Payasos]]&quot;
|
|[[Sylvia Pasquel|Silvia Pasquel]] (Spanish adaptation)
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Persecución en la Ciudad&quot;
|
|Amparo Rubín Tagle
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Dynamite! (song)|Pólvora]]&quot;
|
|Ray Charles
Chucho González
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Boney Maroney|Popotitos]]&quot;
|
|Larry Williams
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Por Ti&quot;
|
|Omar Jasso&lt;br /&gt;Samuel Zarzosa&lt;br /&gt;Raúl G. Biestro
|''Los Clásicos de Timbiriche''
|1989
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Los Clásicos de... (Remasterizado) |date=1989-09-01 |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/2WACzLAL4lQ1xSgWwlUHlU |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Por Tu Amor&quot;
|
|Álvaro Dávila&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Presentación&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Princesa Tibetana&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Trouble (Elvis Presley song)|Problema]]&quot;
|
|Lindsay Buckingham
[[Luis de Llano Macedo|Luis de Llano]]
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Quinceañera&quot;
|
|Álvaro Dávila&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''Quinceañera''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:37&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rayo Rebelde&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Reina de la Fiesta&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Reprise de Sandra Dee&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rocanrolero Soy&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rock del Amor&quot;
|
|Álvaro Dávila&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rock del Angelito&quot;
|
|Rogers
Francisco Domínguez
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rock del Manicomio&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rococococococococococanrol&quot;
|
|[[Pedro Damián]]&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Rompecabezas&quot;
|
|Kiko Campos&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Sacúdete&quot;
|
|[[Aleks Syntek]]
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Sandra Dee&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Si No Es Ahora&quot;
|
|Kiko Campos&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Solo&quot;
|
|Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Solo en Mi Cuarto&quot;
|
|
|''Disco Ruido''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Sólo para Ti&quot;
|
|Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;Áureo Baqueiro
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Sólo Tú, Sólo Yo&quot;
|
|Enzo Feliciati&lt;br /&gt;Foschini&lt;br /&gt;Ceroni&lt;br /&gt;[[Miguel Bosé|BOSE]]
|''[[La Banda Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Somos Amigos&quot;
|
|Erick Vonn&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Somos Uno&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Soy Como Soy&quot;
|
|Marco Flores
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Soy un Desastre&quot;
|
|Carlos Lara
Jesús Monárrez
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Sueño Con Volverte a Ver&quot;
|
|Lloyd O. Weber
Tim Rice
Julia I. De Llano
|''[[En Concierto (1983 Timbiriche album)|En Concierto]]''
|1983
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Suma Cósmica&quot;
|
|
|''El Concierto''
|1999
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Teléfono&quot;
|
|G. Mathienson
T.V.
J.C.C.
Slapsh
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Timbiriche&quot;
|
|[[Pedro Damián]]&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Todo Cambia&quot;
|
|Áureo Baqueiro
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Todo o Nada&quot;
|
|Áureo Baqueiro
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Tú Me Vuelves Loco&quot;
|
|Carlos Lara Galvan&lt;br /&gt;Jesús Monárrez
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche IX]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Tú y Yo Somos uno Mismo&quot;
|
|Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;[[Luca Carboni]]
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Un Día en el Campo&quot;
|
|[[Pedro Damián]]&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ven, Ven, Ven&quot;
|
|A.B. Waohams
A. González
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Vive la Vida&quot;
|
|Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche VIII &amp; IX|Timbiriche VIII]]''
|1988
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Vivirás&quot;
|
|Marco Flores&lt;br /&gt;La Banda Jerez
|''[[Timbiriche Rock Show]]''
|1985
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Vuelve a la Escuela&quot;
|
|
|''[[Timbiriche Vaselina|Vaselina]]''
|1984
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Y la Fiesta Comenzó&quot;
|
|Alejandro Fidel&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche (album)|Timbiriche]]''
|1982
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ya Estaba Escrito&quot;
|
|D.A.R.&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Riba
|''[[Timbiriche VII]]''
|1987
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Yo No Soy una Más&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Yo por Ti&quot;
|
|Anahí Van&lt;br /&gt;Guillermo Méndez Guiu
|''[[Timbiriche X]]''
|1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;
|-
|}

== Unreleased songs ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Unreleased songs recorded by Paulina Rubio
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:23em;&quot;| Song
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot;| Other performer(s)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:13em;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Writer(s)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:13em;&quot;| Notes
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot;| Year
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|&quot;Beautiful Lie&quot;
|
| 
|&lt;small&gt;It was included on the setlist of Rubio's ''[[Amor, Luz y Sonido Tour]]'' as well as some televised performances.&lt;/small&gt;
|2006
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio - Beautiful Lie (Nobel Prize) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC5o8ppi_is |access-date=2023-12-15 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Es por Amor&quot; {{tooltip|*|Git cover}}
|[[Alejandra Guzmán]]
|Alfredo Toth&lt;br /&gt;Osvaldo Marzullo
|&lt;small&gt;Rubio and Guzmán performed the song together on their Perrísimas Tour.&lt;/small&gt;
|2022
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio &amp; Alejandra Guzman - Es Por Amor (Voz en Directo) 4K |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNIiGO7T3wU |access-date=2023-12-15 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;[[Fotos y Recuerdos#Cover versions|Fotos y Recuerdos]]&quot;
|
| [[Chrissie Hynde]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ricky Vela]]
|&lt;small&gt;Performed at the [[Selena]] televised tribute ''[[Selena ¡Vive!]]''&lt;/small&gt;
|2005
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=CLARK |first=MICHAEL D. |title=Celebrities heading to Houston for Selena tribute |url=https://www.chron.com/entertainment/music/article/Celebrities-heading-to-Houston-for-Selena-tribute-1671254.php |access-date=2024-01-28 |work=Chron |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ni Tú Ni Nadie&quot; {{tooltip|*|Alaska y Dinarama cover}}
|[[Alejandra Guzmán]]
|[[Carlos Berlanga]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Nacho Canut|Ignacio Canut]]
|&lt;small&gt;Rubio and Guzmán covered the song for their joint tour, but the release was cancelled when the tour was postponed in 2020. However, a low quality version of the music video they had filmed leaked through YouTube that same year. They eventually performed the song live during their [[Perrísimas Tour]] in 2022, but the single never saw an official release.&lt;/small&gt;
|2020
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio ft Alejandra Guzman - Ni Tu Ni Nadie &quot;Video oficial&quot; (Versus 2022) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tLK4ErLTMs |access-date=2023-12-15 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Paulina Rubio, Alejandra Guzmán - Ni Tu Ni Nadie &quot;live&quot; Perrisimas Tour: Orlando, FL |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrS5mP2hN3M |access-date=2023-12-15 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Paulina Rubio discography]]

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

{{Paulina Rubio}}
{{Paulina Rubio singles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rubio, Paulina}}
[[Kategorya:Mgfa Kanta ni Paulina Rubio|*]]
[[Kategorya:Lista nin mga kantang narekord kan mga Mehikanong artista]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gawad Palanca 2022</title>
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      <text bytes="13925" sha1="p7f9t4vnghvgwsqky0q59nrouimhph8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox award
| name             = Ika-70ng Gawad Palanca
| main             = {{nowrap|[[Palanca Awards]]}}
| image            = 
| imagesize        =
 date             = Nobyembre 30, 2022
| location         = [[Marquis Events Place]], [[Bonifacio Global City, Taguig]], [[Philippines]]
| host             = 
| most_wins        = 
| previous         = [[Gawad Palanca 2019|2019]]
| next             = [[Gawad Palanca 2023|2023]]
}}

An Ika-70ng Don Carlos Palanca Gawad Memorial para sa Literatura ginibo kan Nobyembre 30, 2022, sa [[Marquis Events Place in Bonifacio Global City]] sa [[Taguig]] sa pagromdom ki Don Carlos Palanca Sr. paagi nin paghingowa na maigantad an edukasyon asin kultura sa nasyon.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history History of Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826122037/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history |date=2024-08-26 }} Palanca Awards&lt;/ref&gt; An seremonyang tradisyonal nagibo naman pakaloktaw nin duwang taon gibo kan pandemyang COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/arts-and-culture/2022/12/05/2228495/post-pandemic-creative-renewal | title=Post-pandemic creative renewal | website=[[The Philippine STAR]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/05/27/public-square/palanca-awards-to-resume-this-year/1845110 | title=Palanca Awards to resume this year | website=[[The Manila Times]] | date=27 May 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/arts-and-leisure/2022/12/02/490773/palanca-winners-recognized-after-two-year-hiatus/ | title=Palanca winners recognized after two-year hiatus | website=[[BusinessWorld]] | date=2 December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2022/3/20/Palanca-Awards-returns-after-two-years-.html | title=Palanca Awards returns for 70th edition after two-year hiatus | access-date=2023-05-19 | archive-date=2023-05-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519124947/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2022/3/20/Palanca-Awards-returns-after-two-years-.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Total nin 59 parasurat, 28 kaini primerong panggana, an nagkapirili sa ngonyan na taon na mga resipyente. An total na bilang na kategorya sa pagsurat nag'abot 22, na an kategorya sa Nobela bukas ngonyan na taon na igwang sorpresang Espesyal na Premyo para sa lambang saro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/438061/writing-as-revolutionary-act-70-cycles-of-the-palanca-awards/|title=Writing as revolutionary act: 70 cycles of the Palanca Awards|date=January 15, 2023|website=Lifestyle.INQ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://philippinesgraphic.com.ph/2022/12/01/70th-palanca-awards-holds-annual-ceremony-to-honor-winners/ | title=70th Palanca Awards holds annual ceremony to honor winners | date=December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://republicasiamedia.com/59-writers-poets-playwrights-get-palanca-awards/ | title=59 writers, poets, playwrights get Palanca awards | date=30 November 2022 | access-date=26 April 2024 | archive-date=22 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522141058/https://republicasiamedia.com/59-writers-poets-playwrights-get-palanca-awards/ | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/12/02/news/palanca-awards-returns-honors-nearly-60-writers/1868659 | title=Palanca Awards returns, honors nearly 60 writers | website=[[The Manila Times]] | date=2 December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/853145/here-are-the-winners-of-the-70th-palanca-awards/story/ | title=Here are the winners of the 70th Palanca Awards | date=30 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;Si Dr. Nicanor G. Tiongson Huwesped de Honor asin Tagataram sa ngonyan na taon nin pansereonyang paggawad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/literature/full-list-winners-palanca-awards-2022/|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Palanca Awards 2022|date=December 1, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/12/05/70th-palanca-awards-holds-annual-ceremony-to-honor-winners/ | title=70th Palanca Awards holds annual ceremony to honor winners | website=[[BusinessMirror]] | date=5 December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''LISTA Nin Mga Nanggarana'''

An 2022 nin mga nanggarana binaranga' sa apat na kategorya:

==Ingles na Dibisyon==

=== Nobela ===
* Gran na Premyo: Raymundo T. Pandan, Jr., ''Bittersweetland''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Varsity |first=Institutional |url=https://usls.edu.ph/news/view/Atty-Raymundo-Pandan-Jr-wins-Palanca-Award-for-novel-Bittersweetland |title=University of St. La Salle |publisher=Usls.edu.ph |date= |accessdate=2023-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://visayandailystar.com/bacolod-lawyer-commended-for-palanca-award/ | title=Bacolod lawyer commended for Palanca Award | date=10 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Espesyal na Premyo: Alvin Dela Serna Lopez, ''1762''

=== Halipot na Usipon ===
* Primer Premyo: Ian Rosales Casocot, &quot;Ceferina in Apartment 2G&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://su.edu.ph/su-writer-wins-palanca-award/|title=SU writer wins Palanca award}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://thepost.net.ph/news/campus/silliman-u-prof-wins-first-prize-in-2022-palanca-awards/ | title=Silliman U Prof Wins First Prize in 2022 Palanca Awards }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Alexis Abola, &quot;Ardor&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Hammed Bolotaolo, &quot;The Money Changer&quot;

=== Halipot na Usipon Pang-aki ===
* Primer Premyo: No Winner
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Elyrah L. Salanga-Torralba, &quot;Cloud Keeper&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Heather Ann Ferrer Pulido, &quot;My Grandma Who Lives in Half a House&quot;

=== Saysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Alfonso Tomas P. Araullo, &quot;Letter from Tawi-Tawi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/853148/atom-araullo-on-winning-a-palanca-award-for-the-first-time-it-s-an-absolute-milestone/story/|title=Atom Araullo on winning a Palanca Award for the first time: 'It's an absolute milestone'|author=Hermes Joy S. Tunac|date=November 30, 2022|website=GMA News Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Michaela Sarah De Leon, &quot;Filipino Millennial Monomyth&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Alexandra Francesca A. Bichara, &quot;The Helmsman's Daughter&quot;

=== Rawitdawit ===
* First Prize: Ramil Digal Gulle, &quot;Bol-anon Prodigal&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://theboholtribune.com/2022/12/04/boholano-wins-first-prize-for-poetry-in-palanca-awards-2/|title=Boholano wins first prize for poetry in Palanca awards|first=The Bohol|last=Tribune|date=December 3, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikaduwang Oremyo: Soleil David, &quot;A Few Dawns from Now, A Sunfish&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Lawrence Anthony R. Bernabe, &quot;The Blueline&quot;

=== Rawitdawit na Pan-aki. ===
* Primer Premyo: Elyrah L. Salanga-Torralba, &quot;An Empty Chair in the Corner&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Peter Solis Nery, &quot;Picnic, Symphony and Other Concepts a 4th Grader Needs to Know&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.panaynews.net/palanca-awards-2023/&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Mayong Nanggana

=== Sarong-aktong Draama ===
* Primer Premyo: Ronald S. Covar, &quot;The Cave Dwellers&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Bonifacio P. Ilagan, &quot;Salvaged Eman&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Maria Kristine B. Roxas-Miller, &quot;Agencia Feliz&quot;

=== Dramang Hustong Laba ===
* Primer Premyo: Layeta P. Bucoy, &quot;Orgullo Compound&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://old.uplb.edu.ph/all-news/playwright-wins-6th-and-7th-palanca/|title=Playwright wins 6th and 7th Palanca|first=Kristine|last=Araguas|date=November 23, 2022|access-date=April 26, 2024|archive-date=October 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001182208/https://old.uplb.edu.ph/all-news/playwright-wins-6th-and-7th-palanca/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jay Mariano Crisostomo IV, &quot;Black Bordello&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Dustin Edward D. Celestino, &quot;The Lost Filipino Patriots of America&quot;


==Filipinong Division==

=== Nobela ===
* Gran na Premyo: Khavn, ''ANTIMARCOS''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://philstarlife.com/geeky/291445-list-70th-palanca-awards-winners | title=LIST: The biggest winners at the 70th Palanca Awards }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Espesyal na Premyo: Edgar Calabia Samar, ''Teorya ng Unang Panahon''

=== Maikling Kwento ===
* Primer Premyo: Charmaine M. Lasar, &quot;Ang Value ng X Kapag Choppy si Mam&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Abegail E. Pariente, &quot;Barangay Alitaptap&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Alec Joshua B. Paradeza, &quot;Kung sa Bawat Pagtawag ay Pagtawid sa Dagat&quot;

=== Maikling Kwentong Pambata ===
* Primer Premyo: Mark Norman S. Boquiren, &quot;Si VeRaptor1 Laban kay Trolakuz&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ateneo.edu/news/2022/12/08/norman-boquirens-childrens-story-first-prize-winner-carlos-palanca-award | title=Norman Boquiren's children's story is first prize winner of Carlos Palanca award &amp;#124; News }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://thepost.net.ph/news/campus/ue-caloocan-alumnus-wins-first-prize-in-2022-palanca-awards/ | title=Ue Caloocan Alumnus Wins First Prize in 2022 Palanca Awards }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Wilfredo Farrales Sarangaya, &quot;Balong Batsit, ang Bidang Bulilit at Bayaning Bulinggit&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Benedick N. Damaso, &quot;Mirasol para kay Lola Sol&quot;

=== Sanaysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Venice Kayla Dacanay Delica, &quot;Kung Magkapalad Ka't Mangmang&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jhon Lester P. Sandigan, &quot;Tatlong Pancit Canton&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Nathaniel R. Alcantara, &quot;Isang Dekadang Kontrata sa Piling ng mga Mikrobyo&quot;

=== Tula ===
* Primer Premyo: Ralph Lorenz G. Fonte, &quot;Uyayi ng mga Patay na Buwan&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/12/01/22/abs-cbn-scriptwriters-bag-palanca-literature-award&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Enrique S. Villasis, &quot;Pintula&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Sonny C. Sendon, &quot;Mga Anino sa Guho at Iba Pang Mga Tula&quot;

=== Tulang Pambata ===
* Primer Premyo: Christian R. Vallez, &quot;Tula, Tula, Paano ka Ginawa?&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Rebecca T. Anonuevo, &quot;Ale Bangbang&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ninia H. dela Cruz, &quot;Mga Pahina sa Alaala ng Nanay&quot;

=== Dulang May Isang Yugto ===
* Primer Premyo: Andrew Bonifacio L. Clete, &quot;Punks Not Dead&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Layeta P. Bucoy, &quot;Dance of the Foolies&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ryan Machado, &quot;Huling Haraya nina Ischia at Emeteria&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://cas.upm.edu.ph/blog/2022/11/09/dac-faculty-member-wins-third-prize-award-for-the-dulang-may-isang-yugto-category-of-the-2022-carlos-palanca-memorial-awards-for-literature/ | title=DAC Faculty Member Wins Third Prize Award for the Dulang May Isang Yugto Category of the 2022 Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature – College of Arts and Sciences }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dulang Ganap ang Haba ===
* Primer Premyo: Joshua Lim So, &quot;Mga Silid ng Unos:  Tomo Uno&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Rodolfo C. Vera, &quot;Anak Datu&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Steven Prince C. Fernandez, &quot;Badung&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://ipagarts.com/ipag-director-wins-2nd-palanca/ | title=IPAG Director wins 2nd Palanca – Integrated Performing Arts Guild | date=5 December 2022 | access-date=26 April 2024 | archive-date=23 January 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123083341/https://ipagarts.com/ipag-director-wins-2nd-palanca/ | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dulang Pampelikula ===
* Primer Premyo: Avelino Mark C. Balmes, Jr., &quot;Amoy Pulbos&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Noreen Besmar Capili, &quot;DOS&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ehdison M. Dimen, &quot;Ang Pananalangin sa Getsemani&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2022/12/01/236300/one-half-of-the-poor-traveler-blogger-wins-first-carlos-palanca-award/ | title=One half of 'The Poor Traveler' blogger wins first Carlos Palanca Award | date=December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Dibisyon Rehiyonal==

=== Halipot na Usipon [Cebuano] ===
* Primer Premyo: Noel P. Tuazon, &quot;Barang&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Manu Avenido, &quot;Ikigai&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Januar E. Yap, &quot;John Wayne ug ang Goldfish kong Inahan&quot;

=== Halipot na Usipon [Hiligaynon] ===
* Primer Premyo: Peter Solis Nery, &quot;Ang Macatol Kag Ang Queen of Relief&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://politics.com.ph/2022/11/07/iloilos-pride-peter-nery-wins-top-palanca-awards/ | title=Iloilo's pride Peter Nery wins top Palanca awards | date=7 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Early Sol A. Gadong, &quot;Malipayon nga Katapusan&quot;&lt;ref&gt;(December 5, 2022) [https://www.dailyguardian.com.ph/prof-gadong-receives-4th-palanca-win-for-her-short-story-in-hiligaynon/ Prof. Gadong receives 4th Palanca win for her short story in Hiligaynon] ''Daily Guardian''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.upv.edu.ph/index.php/news/prof-gadong-receives-4th-palanca-win-for-her-short-story-in-hiligaynon | title=Prof. Gadong receives 4th Palanca win for short story in Hiligaynon | date=December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ritchie D. Pagunsan, &quot;Esperanza&quot;

=== Halipot na Usipon [Iluko] ===
* Primer Premyo: Oswald Ancheta Valente, &quot;Ti Kimat Ken Ti Silag&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Remedios S. Tabelisma-Aguillon, &quot;Ti Ubing&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Rodolfo D. Agatep Jr., &quot;Karton&quot;


==Kabataan Division==

=== Kabataan Essay ===
* Primer Premyo: Glorious Zahara Exylin C. Alesna, &quot;Home is a Bowl of Warm Soup&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jenine A. Santos, &quot;Covid-19 is My Alter Ego&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: Gavin Micah T. Herrera, &quot;The Social Pandemic&quot;

=== Kabataan Sanaysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Glorious Zavannah Exylin C. Alesna, &quot;Pamimintana&quot;
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Hansly Kendrich C. Saw, &quot;Ang Larong Naipanalo Ko&quot;
* Ikatolong Premyo: John Clarence D. Espedido, &quot;Mga Bantas ang Nagsilbi kong Guro&quot;


==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

== Panluwas na takod ==
*[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923223528/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/Testing3/uncategorized/66th-palanca-awards-winners/ |date=2016-09-23 }}

{{Palanca Awards}}

[[Kategorya:Mga Gawad Palanca|2022]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2022 na literaryong gawadliterary awards|Palanca]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gobernador nin Isabela</title>
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      <text bytes="3855" sha1="7iy8ajadma5wsx0wydj2yu3b4s6x5c0" xml:space="preserve">An '''gobernador nin Isabela''' ({{lang-fil|Punong Lalawigan ng Isabela}}) iyo an nangengenot na pamayo ehekutibo kan gobyerno probinsyal nin [[Isabela (probinsya)|Isabela]].

==Lista kan mga gobernador nin Isabela==

Igwang 28 mga gobernador nin Isabela poon kan pagtugdas kan gobyerno sibil kan 1901 pakatapos kan Filipinas-Amerikanong Gera.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Governors of Isabela|url=https://provinceofisabela.ph/images/2018/History_of_Isabela/2-Governors%20of%20Isabela.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!    !! Gobernador                                              !! Termino
|-
|  1 || Gonzalez Montero (''Spanish Governor of Isabela'') || 1868
|-
|  2 || Jose Perez (''Last Spanish Governor of Isabela'') || 1898
|-
|  3 || Gen. [[Daniel Tirona|Daniel Mata Tria Tirona]] (''Governor of Isabela &amp; Cagayan'') || 1898
|-
|  4 || Dimas M. Guzman (''[[Cabagan]]'') (''Jefe Politico (Governor) of Isabela'') || 1898
|-
|  5 || William H. Johnston (''US Captain; 16th Infantry Regiment'') || 1901-1902
|-
|  6 || Francisco R. Dichoso (''[[Ilagan]]'') || 1902-1903
|-
|  7 || Capt. [[George Curry (politician)|George Curry]] (''[[New Mexico]], USA'')  || 1903-1905
|-
|  8 || Col. Blas Villamor (''[[Bangued, Abra]]'')  || 1905-1907
|-
|  9 || Eliseo M. Claravall (''Ilagan'')   || 1907-1909
|-
| 10 || Romualdo G. Mina (''[[Naguilian, Isabela|Naguilian]]'') || 1909
|-
| 11 || Tomas Gollayan (''[[San Pablo, Isabela|San Pablo]]'') || 1910-1916
|-
| 12 || Pascual G. Paguirigan (''Ilagan'') || 1916–1922
|-
| 13 || Ventura S. Guzman (''San Pablo'') || 1922-1923
|-
| 14 || Primo Gaffud (''[[Echague]]'') || 1925-1928
|-
| 15 || Florentino A. Nicolas (''[[Angadanan]]'') || 1928-1931
|-
| 16 || Fortunato M. Bulan (''Ilagan'')                 || 1931-1937
|-
| 17 || Agustin A. Pintang (''Echague'') || 1938-1939
|-
| 18 || Lino J. Castillejo (''[[Tumauini]]'')  || 1939-1940
|-
| 19 || Gabriel R. Visaya (''[[Santiago, Isabela|Santiago]]'') || 1941-1942
|-
| 20 || Agustin V. Bersamin (''Santiago'') || 1942-1944
|-
|(18)
|Lino J. Castillejo (''Tumauini'')
|1944-1945
|-  
| 21 || Gregorio P. Formoso (''Ilagan'')  || 1945
|-
|(19)
|Gabriel R. Visaya (''Santiago'')
|1945-1946
|-
| 22 || Silvino M. Gumpal (''[[Jones, Isabela|Jones]]'')  || 1946-1947&lt;br&gt;1948-1951
|-
| 23 || Felix T. Caro (''[[Gamu]]'') || 1952-1955&lt;br&gt;1956-1958
|- 
| 24 || Melanio T. Singson (''Ilagan'')  || 1960-1963&lt;br&gt;1964-1965
|-
| 25 || Leocadio E. Ignacio (''[[Mallig]]'')  || 1965-1967
|- 
| 26 || Samuel F. Reyes (''[[Cauayan, Isabela|Cauayan]]'') || 1968-1971
|-
| 27 || [[Faustino Dy|Faustino N. Dy Sr.]] (''Cauayan'') || 1972-1986&lt;br&gt;1988-1992
|-
|(24)
|Melanio T. Singson (''Ilagan'')
|1986-1987
|-
|(27)
|[[Faustino Dy|Faustino N. Dy Sr.]] (''Cauayan'')
|1988-1992
|-
| 28 || Silvestre H. Bello Jr. (''Ilagan'')  || 1987-1988
|-
| 29 || [[Benjamin Dy|Benjamin G. Dy]] (''Cauayan'') || 1992-2001
|-
| 30 || Faustino S. Dy, Jr. (''[[San Manuel, Isabela|San Manuel]]'') || 2001-2004 
|-
| 31 || [[Grace Padaca|Maria Gracia Cielo M. Padaca]] (''Cauayan'')  || 2004-2010
|-
| 32 || [[Faustino Dy III|Faustino G. Dy III]] (''Cauayan'')  || 2010-2019
|-
| 33 || [[Rodolfo Albano III|Rodolfo T. Albano III]] (''Cabagan'')  || 2019-presente&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lazaro |first=Ramon Efren |title=More incumbents reelected |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/05/12/2180416/more-incumbents-reelected |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Philstar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Hilnga man==
*[[Lista nin mga bise gobernador nin Isabela]]

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{Mga gobyerno probinsyal nin Filipinas}}

[[Kategorya:Mga Gobernador nin Isabela (probinsya)|*]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Gobernador kan mga probinsya nin Filipinas|Isabela]]
[[Kategorya:Gobyerno nin Isabela (probinsya)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Minotaur</title>
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[[File:Tondo Minotaur London E4 MAN.jpg|right|thumb|280px|An minotauro]]

Sa [[Mitolohiyang Griyego|Griyegong mitolohiya]], an '''Minotauro''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aɪ|n|ə|t|ɔːr|,_|ˈ|m|ɪ|n|ə|t|ɔːr|}} {{respell|MY|nə|tor|,_|MIN|ə|tor}},&lt;ref name= &quot;collins_english&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/minotaur |title= English Dictionary: Definition of Minotaur |publisher=Collins |access-date= 20 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPAc-en |US|ˈ|m|ɪ|n|ə|t|ɑːr|,_|-|oʊ|-}} {{respell|MIN|ə|tar|,_-|oh|-}};&lt;ref name= &quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;{{Citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6Lc9AAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA79 | title = Pronunciation: Designed for Use in Schools and Colleges and Adapted to the Wants of All Persons who Wish to Pronounce According to the Highest Standards | first = John Hendricks | last = Bechtel | publisher = Penn Publishing Co | year = 1908}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | title = The Book of Literature: A Comprehensive Anthology of the Best Literature, Ancient, Mediæval and Modern, with Biographical and Explanatory Notes | volume = 33 | first1 = Richard | last1 = Garnett | first2 = Léon | last2 = Vallée | first3 = Alois | last3 = Brandl | publisher = Grolier society | year = 1923 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-mMUAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA645}}.&lt;/ref&gt;}} (   , ''Mīnṓtauros'' ), na midbid man sa apod na '''Asterion''', sarong mitolohikong linalang na pigladawan kan panahon nin klasikal na antigong panahon na may payo asin ikog nin sarong toro asin an hawak nin sarong tawo &lt;ref name=&quot;Kern-2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Through the Labyrinth|last=Kern|first=Hermann|date=2000|publisher=Prestel|isbn=379132144-7|location=Munich, London, New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; (p 34) o, siring sa ilinadawan kan Romanong pararawitdawit na si Ovid, sarong linalang na &quot;parte nin tawo asin parteng toro&quot;. {{Efn|According to [[Ovid]]:
: {{lang|la|semibovemque virum semivirumque bovem}},&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |author=[[Ovid]] |title=[[Ars Amatoria]] |at=2.24}}&lt;/ref&gt; one of the three lines that his friends would have deleted from his work, and one of the three that he, selecting independently, would preserve at all cost, in the apocryphal anecdote told by [[Albinovanus Pedo]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Albinovanus Pedo|A. Pedo]] cited by {{cite journal |first=J.S. |last=Rusten |date=Autumn 1982 |title=Ovid, Empedocles, and the Minotaur |journal=The American Journal of Philology |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=332–333, esp. 332|doi=10.2307/294479 |jstor=294479 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} Nag-erok siya sa sentro kan Labyrinth, na sarong magarbong konstruksyon na garo labirinto {{Efn|In a counter-intuitive cultural development going back at least to Cretan coins of the 4th&amp;nbsp;century&amp;nbsp;BCE, many visual patterns representing the [[Labyrinth]] do not have dead ends like a maze; instead, a single path winds to the center.{{refn|
Kern (2000);&lt;ref name=Kern-2000/&gt;{{rp|style=ama|at=Chapter&amp;nbsp;1}}
Doob (1990)&lt;ref name=Doob-1990&gt;{{cite book |author=Doob, Penelope Reed |date=April 1990 |title=The Idea of the Labyrinth: From Classical antiquity through the Middle Ages |place=Ithaca, NY |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-080142393-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|style=ama|at=Chapter&amp;nbsp;2}}
}}}} na dinisenyo kan arkitektong Daedalus asin kan saiyang aking si Icarus, sa pagboot ni Hadeng [[Minos]] kan Creta . Susog sa tradisyon, kada siyam na taon an mga tawo sa [[Atenas]] pinipirit ni Hadeng Minos na magpili nin katorseng hoben na nobleng namamanwaan (pitong lalaki asin pitong babae) na iaatang bilang mga biktima nin sakripisyo sa Minotaur bilang balos sa kagadanan kan aki ni Minos na si Androgeos . An Minotaur sa kahurihurihi ginadan kan eroe kan Atenas na si Theseus, na nakapag-navigate sa labirinto sa tabang kan sarong hilo na itinao saiya kan aking babae kan Hade, si Ariadne .

== Etimolohiya ==
An tataramon na &quot;Minotaur&quot; gikan sa [[Suanoy na Griyego]] {{Lang|grc|Μινώταυρος}} [ miːnɔ̌ːtau̯ros ] sarong compound na may pangaran na {{Lang|grc|Μίνως}} ( [[Minos]] ) asin an nombreng ταῦρος ''tauros'' na an boot sabihon '  , &lt;ref name=&quot;collins_american2&quot;&gt;{{cite dictionary|title=Minotaur|dictionary=American English Dictionary|publisher=Collins|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/minotaur|access-date=20 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kaya ini pigtradusir bilang '   . Sa Creta, an Minotauro midbid sa pangaran na Asterion ( {{Lang|grc|Ἀστερίων}} ) o Asterius ( {{Lang|grc|Ἀστέριος}} ), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Description of Greece|last=Pausanias|at=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.31.1&amp;fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 2.31.1]|author-link=Pausanias (geographer)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Library|last=Apollodorus|at=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.31.1&amp;fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 3.1.4]}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong pangaran na pinag-iribang ama ni Minos. {{Efn|Hesiod says of Zeus's establishment of Europa in Crete:
: &quot;...&amp;nbsp;he made her live with [[Asterion (king of Crete)|Asterion]] the king of the Cretans. There she conceived and bore three sons, [[Minos]], [[Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)|Sarpedon]], and [[Rhadamanthys]].&quot;&lt;ref name=Hesiod-fr140&gt;{{cite book |author=[[Hesiod]] |title=[[Catalogue of Women]] |at=fr. 140}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

An &quot;Minotaur&quot; sarong orihinal na pangaran sa pagsambit sa mitolohikong pigura na ini. Iyan, yaon sana an sarong Minotaur. Sa kabaliktaran, an paggamit kan &quot;minotaur&quot; bilang sarong komun na nombre tanganing magtukoy sa mga miyembro kan sarong henerikong &quot;espesye&quot; nin mga linalang na may payo nin toro nagtalubo nin mas huri, kan ika-20&amp;nbsp;siglo pantasya genre fiction.

An Minotaur inaapod na ''{{Lang|la|{{linktext|Minotaurus}}}}'' [ miːnoːˈtau̯rʊs ] sa [[Tataramon na Latin|Latin]] asin {{Lang|ett|Θevrumineš}} sa Etruscano . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=de&amp;nbsp;Simone|first=C.|title=Zu einem Beitrag über etruskisch ''θevru mines''|journal=Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung|volume=84|year=1970|pages=221–223}}&lt;/ref&gt; An pagtaram sa Ingles kan tataramon na &quot;Minotaur&quot; manlaen-laen; an minasunod makukua sa mga diksyunaryo: /ˈ m aɪ n ə t ɔːr , - n oʊ -/ {{Pagbaybay utro|MY|nə|tor|,_-|noh|-}},  /ˈ m ɪ n ə t ɑːr , ˈ m ɪ n oʊ -/ {{Pagbaybay utro|MIN|ə|tar|,_|MIN|oh|-}},  /ˈ m ɪ n ə t ɔːr , ˈ m ɪ n oʊ -/ {{Pagbaybay utro|MIN|ə|tor|,_|MIN|oh|-}} . 

== Mito sa paglalang ==
[[Ladawan:Pasiphae_Minotauros_Cdm_Paris_DeRidder1066_detail.jpg|thumb| Pasiphaë asin omboy na Minotaur, Attic red-figure kylix na nakua sa Etruscan Vulci . Italya. Yaon ngonyan sa Cabinet des Médailles, Paris]]
Pakatukaw sa trono kan isla nin Creta, nakipagkompetensia si Minos sa saiyang mga tugang bilang namamahala. Si Minos namibi sa diyos kan dagat [[Poseidon (King of the sea)|na si Poseidon]] na padarahan siya nin sarong maputing toro bilang tanda kan pabor kan diyos. Si Minos dapat na mag-atang kan toro tanganing tawan nin onra si Poseidon, alagad huli sa kagayunan kan toro, nagdesisyon siyang imbes na papagdanayon siya. Naniniwala si Minos na aakoon kan dios an pansalidang atang. Tanganing padusahan si Minos, nakipag-areglo si Poseidon ki Aphrodite para sa agom ni Minos, si Pasiphaë, na mamoot sa toro. Si Pasiphaë nagpagibo sa ekspertong artesano, si Daedalus, para saiya nin sarong baka na gibo sa kahoy na may labot, na kun saen siya nagsakat tanganing an toro makipag-agom saiya. Dangan siya nagbados asin nangaki ki Asterius, an Minotaur, na nagin makoapo siya ni Helios . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 1|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Library:book=3:chapter=1&amp;highlight=minotaur|access-date=18 May 2023|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Pasiphaë nag-ataman sa Minotaur alagad nagdakula siya asin nagin mabangis. Bilang bakong natural na aki nin sarong babae asin sarong hayop, an Minotaur mayo nin natural na pinagkukuanan nin sustansya asin kun kaya kinakakan an mga tawo para sa sustento. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Si Minos, sa pagsunod sa sadol gikan sa orakulo sa Delphi, ipinagibo ki Daedalus an sarong higanteng Labyrinth tanganing kapotan an Minotaur. An lokasyon kaini harani sa palasyo ni Minos sa Knossos . &lt;ref name=&quot;EB191122&quot;&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Minotaur|volume=18|page=555}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Itsura ==
An Minotauro komun na pigrerepresentar sa arte Klasiko na may hawak nin sarong tawo asin an payo asin ikog nin sarong toro. Susog sa {{Lang|grc-Latn|[[Women of Trachis|Trachiniai]]}} ni Sophocles ., kan an espiritu kan salog na si Achelous inakit si Deianira, saro sa mga gubing na saiyang pig-asumir iyo an sarong lalaki na may payo nin toro. Poon sa klasikal na antigong panahon sagkod sa Renaissance, an Minotaur minalataw sa sentro kan kadakol na mga paglaladawan kan Labyrinth.  An Latin na pagkasaysay ni Ovid manungod sa Minotaur, na dai nagladawan kun arin na kabanga an toro asin kun arin an kabanga tawo, iyo an pinakalakop na makukua durante kan Edad Media, asin an nagkapirang huring bersyon nagpapahiling nin payo asin hawak nin sarong tawo sa hawak nin toro - an kabaligtaran kan Klasikong kumpigurasyon, na nagpapagirumdom nin sarong centaur .  An alternatibong tradisyon na ini nagdanay sagkod sa Renaissance, asin nahihiling sa detalyadong traduksiyon ni Dryden kan paglaladawan ni Virgil kan Minotaur sa Libro VI kan ''Aeneid'' : &quot;An ibabang parte sarong hayop, sarong tawo sa itaas/An monumento kan saindang maating pagkamoot.&quot;  Ini yaon pa man giraray sa nagkapirang modernong paglaladawan, arog kan mga ilustrasyon ni Steele Savage para sa ''Mythology'' (1942) ni Edith Hamilton .

== Mito ni Theseus ==
[[Ladawan:Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg|wala|thumb| Tondo na nagpapahiling kan kapangganahan ni Teseo laban sa Minotaur sa atubangan ni [[Athena]] poon {{Circa|435}} BC]]
Sa nagkapirang bersyon ginadan siya kan mga [[Atenas|taga-Atenas]] huli sa saindang pag-imon sa mga kapangganahan na saiyang nakua sa Panathenaic Games ; sa iba siya ginadan sa Marathon kan Cretan Bull, an dating taurine lover kan saiyang ina, huli ta si Aegeus, hade kan Atenas, an nagboot ki Androgeus na gadanon ini. An komun na tradisyon nagsasabi na si Minos nakipaglaban sa kagadanan kan saiyang aki, asin nanggana. An resulta kan pagkadaog kan Atenas sa guerra iyo an regular na pagsasakripisyo kan nagkapira sa saindang mga hoben asin daraga . An pagkasaysay ni Pausanias manongod sa eroestorya nagsabi na si Minos nangenot sa sarong armada tumang sa Atenas asin basta na sana riniribok an mga taga-Atenas sagkod na sinda nag-oyon na magpadara nin mga aki bilang atang. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pausanias, Description of Greece, Attica, chapter 27|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160:book=1:chapter=27&amp;highlight=minotaur|access-date=18 May 2023|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa saiyang pagkasaysay kan pagkamundag kan Minotaur, si Catullus nagtutukoy sa saro pang bersyon &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://rudy.negenborn.net/catullus/text2/e64.htm|title=Carmen&amp;nbsp;64|last=[[Catullus]]|access-date=2025-02-15|archive-date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608180549/http://rudy.negenborn.net/catullus/text2/e64.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; kun saen an Atenas &quot;napiritan kan maringis na peste na magbayad nin mga penalidad para sa paggadan ki Androgeon &quot;. Tanganing maibitaran an sarong peste na dara kan banal na pagbalos sa kagadanan kan prinsipe kan Creta, si Aegeus kinaipuhan na magpadara sa Labyrinth nin &quot;mga hoben na lalaki kasabay kan pinakamarahay na mga daragita na daing agom bilang sarong bangkete&quot; para sa Minotaur. An nagkapirang pagkasaysay nagdedeklara na si Minos nangangaipo nin pitong hobenes na taga-Atenas asin pitong daraga, na pinili paagi sa pagripa, na ipadara kada ikapitong taon (o ikasiyam); an ibang bersyon nagsasabi na taon-taon. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=On the [[Aeneid]]|author=[[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]]|at=6.14|quote={{lang|la|singulis quibusque annis}} 'every one year'.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Ladawan:Theseus_Minotaur_BM_Vase_E84.jpg|thumb|203x203px| Si Theseus na pigbubutong an Minotaur paluwas sa Labyrinth, pulang-pigura na kylix gikan sa {{Circa|440-430}} BC]]
Kan nagdadangadang an panahon para sa ikatolong atang, an prinsipe nin Atenas na si Teseo nagboluntaryo na gadanon an Minotauro. Si Isocrates nagtaram na si Theseus naghona na mas gugustuhon niyang magadan kisa mamahala sa sarong syudad na nagbabayad nin tributo nin buhay nin mga kaakian sa saindang kaiwal. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Isocrates, Helen, section 27|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0144:speech=10:section=27&amp;highlight=minotaur|access-date=18 May 2023|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nanuga siya sa saiyang ama na si Aegeus na babaguhon niya an mamundong itom na layag kan baroto na nagdadara kan mga biktima hale sa Atenas pasiring sa Creta, asin magbugtak nin puting layag para sa saiyang pagbalik kun siya magigin mapanggana; an mga tripulante maluwas sa itom na layag kun siya magadan.

Sa Creta, an aking babae ni Minos na si Ariadne namoot na gayo ki Theseus asin tinabangan siyang maglayag sa Labyrinth. Sa kadaklan na mga istorya tinawan niya ini nin sarong bola nin hilo, na nagtutugot saiya na balikan an saiyang dalan. Susog sa manlaen-laen na klasikong pinagkukuanan asin representasyon, ginadan ni Theseus an Minotaur gamit an saiyang mga kamot, minsan gamit an sarong patok o espada. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Dangan pinangenotan niya an mga taga-Atenas paluwas sa Labyrinth, asin naglayag sinda kaiba si Ariadne paharayo sa Creta. Sa pagpuli, binayaan ni Teseo si Ariadne sa isla nin Naxos asin nagpadagos pasiring sa Atenas. An nagbaralik na grupo nagpabaya na salidahan an itom na layag kan ipinanugang puting layag, asin gikan sa saiyang pagbantay sa Cape Sounion, nahiling ni Hadeng Aegeus an barko na may itom na layag na nagdadangadang. Sa paghona na gadan na an saiyang aki, ginadan nia an saiyang sadiri paagi sa paglukso sa [[Dagat Egeo|dagat na poon kaidto nginaranan sa saiya]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Theseus|last=[[Plutarch]]|at=15–19}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saiyang kagadanan iyo an nagseguro kan trono para ki Teseo.

== Mga Interpretasyon ==
[[Ladawan:Statue_of_the_Minotaur_(Roman_copy_after_an_original_by_Myron)_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_3_April_2018.jpg|wala|thumb|240x240px| Estatuwa kan Minotauro (Romanong kopya kan orihinal ni Myron ), National Archaeological Museum, Atenas]]
[[Ladawan:Plate_painted_by_Lydos._Struggle_between_Theseus_and_the_Minotaur_presumably_in_the_presence_of_Ariadne.jpg|thumb|195x195px| Si Theseus na nakikipaglaban sa Minotaur sa atubangan ni Ariadne, {{Circa|550-540}} BC]]
An laban sa pag-ultanan ni Theseus asin kan Minotaur parateng pigrerepresentar sa arte kan mga Griyego . An sarong Knossian didrachm nagpapahiling sa sarong lado kan Labyrinth, sa ibong na lado an Minotaur na napapalibutan nin sarong semicircle nin saradit na bola, na posibleng para sa mga bitoon; an saro sa mga pangaran kan halimaw iyo si Asterion o Asterius (&quot;bitoon&quot;).&lt;blockquote&gt;Si Pasiphaë nangaki ki Asterius, na inaapod na Minotauro. Igwa siyang lalawgon nin toro, alagad an iba pa niyang hawak tawo; asin si Minos, sa pagsunod sa nagkapirang orakulo, isinara siya asin binantayan siya sa Labyrinth. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]|last=[[Apollodorus]]|at=3.1.4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Mantang an mga kagabaan kan palasyo ni Minos sa Knossos nadiskobre, an Labyrinth dai nanggad nadiskobre. An kadakolan kan mga kwarto, hagyanan asin mga pasilyo sa palasyo nagdara sa nagkapirang arkeologo na magsuherir na an palasyo mismo iyo an ginikanan kan mito kan Labyrinth, na may labing 1300&amp;nbsp;mga kompartimento na garo labirinto, &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=C. Michael|last=Hogan|year=2007|title=Knossos fieldnotes|website=The Modern Antiquarian|editor=Cope, Julian|url=http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong ideya na ngonyan sa pankagabsan pigbabawal. {{Efn|Sir [[Arthur Evans]], the first of many archaeologists who have worked at Knossos, is often given credit for this idea, but he did not believe it;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=David |last=McCullough |title=The Unending Mystery |publisher=Pantheon |date=2004 |pages=34–36}}&lt;/ref&gt; modern scholarship generally discounts the idea.&lt;ref name=Kern-2000/&gt;{{rp|style=ama|pp= 42–43}}&lt;ref name=Doob-1990/&gt;{{rp|style=ama|p= 25}}}}

Si Homer, na naglaladawan kan kalasag ni Achilles, nagsabi na si Daedalus nagtogdok nin sarong seremonyal na baylehan para ki Ariadne, alagad dai ini pig-aasosyar sa terminong ''labirinto'' .

An nagkapirang mitologo kan ika-19 siglo nagproponer na an Minotaur sarong personipikasyon kan saldang asin sarong Minoan na adaptasyon kan Baal - Moloch kan mga Feniciano . An paggadan sa Minotaur ni Theseus sa kasong iyan pwedeng interpretaron bilang sarong memorya kan Atenas na nagputol kan relasyon sa Minoan Crete . 

Susog ki AB Cook, ''si Minos'' asin ''Minotaur'' magkaibang porma kan parehong personahe, na nagrerepresentar sa diyos-saldang kan mga taga-Creta, na naglaladawan kan saldang bilang sarong toro. Siya asin si JG Frazer parehong nagpapaliwanag kan pakikisumaro ni Pasiphaë sa toro bilang sarong sagradong seremonya, kun saen an reyna kan Knossos ipinakasal sa sarong diyos na pormang toro, siring na an agom kan Tirano sa Atenas ipinakasal ki Dionysus . Si E. Pottier, na dai nagkokontra sa makasaysayan na personalidad ni Minos, sa paghiling kan istorya ni [[Phalaris]], pigkokonsiderar na posible na sa Creta (kun saen an sarong kulto nin toro tibaad nag-eksister sa gilid kan kulto kan mga labrys ) an mga biktima pinasakitan sa paagi nin pagsirado sa tulak nin sarong mainit [[Torong suloan|na tansong toro]] . An istorya ni Talos, an lalaking tanso sa Creta, na nagpainit nin mainit asin nagkugos sa mga estranghero kan sinda magduong sa isla, posibleng kapareho an ginikanan.
[[Ladawan:Perfume_jar_(Aryballos)_in_the_shape_of_a_minotaur_Greek_made_in_Ionia_580-560_BCE_Terracotta_(1).jpg|thumb|200x200px| Ionian Perfume Jar na korteng minotaur]]
[[Ladawan:Minotaurus.gif|too|thumb|150x150px|An Minotaur sa Labyrinth, pag-ukit nin sarong ika-16 na siglo AD na hiyas sa Medici Collection sa Palazzo Strozzi, Florence [ 27 ]]]
Minansay ni Kerényi Károly an Minotauro, o Asterios, bilang sarong dios na konektado sa mga bitoon, na kapareho ni Dionysus . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Gods of the Greeks|last=Kerenyi|first=Karl|year=1951|pages=269}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga sinsilyo na ginibo sa Knossos poon kan ikalimang siglo nagpapaheling nin mga disenyo nin labirinto na nakapalibot sa payo nin sarong diosa na kinoronahan nin korona nin tipasi,  payo nin toro, o bitoon. Si Kerényi nagrason na an bitoon sa Labyrinth iyo man nanggad si Asterios, na ginigibo an Minotaur na sarong &quot;maliwanag&quot; na diyos sa Creta, na asosyado sa sarong diosa na midbid bilang an Mistress of the Labyrinth. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life|last=Kerényi|first=Karl|year=1976|pages=104–105, 159}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igwa man nin heolohikong interpretasyon. Sa pagsambit kan mga enot na deskripsyon kan minotaur ni Callimachus bilang bilog na nakasentro sa &quot;maringis na pag-ungol&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Callimachus-Mair-Mair-1921&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Callimachus, Hymns and Epigrams|last=[[Callimachus]]|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1921|location=Cambridge, MA|translator-last=Mair, A.W.|translator-last2=Mair, G.R.}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Efn|[[Callimachus]] first refers to the minotaur with the phrase
: &quot;Having escaped the cruel bellowing and the wild son of [[Pasiphaë]] and the coiled habitation of the crooked labyrinth&quot;&amp;nbsp;...&lt;ref name=Callimachus-Mair-Mair-1921/&gt;}} na ginibo kaini gikan sa saiyang labirint sa irarom kan daga, asin an mahiwas na aktibidad na tektoniko sa rehiyon, an peryodistang siyensya na si Matt Kaplan nagteorya na an mito pwedeng naggikan sa heolohiya. {{Efn|Kaplan argues that the minotaur is the result of ancient people trying to explain earthquakes;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Kaplan, Matt |title=Science of Monsters |place=New York, NY |publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster |year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; he points out that carbon dating of marine fossils attached to boulders that were ejected from the ocean by ancient [[tsunamis]] indicates the region was [[tectonically]] very active during the years when the minotaur myth first appeared.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Scheffers, Anja |display-authors=etal |year=2008 |title=Late Holocene tsunami traces on the western and southern coastlines of the Peloponnesus (Greece) |journal=[[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]] |volume=269 |issue=1–2 |pages=271–279|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.021 |bibcode=2008E&amp;PSL.269..271S }}&lt;/ref&gt; Given this, he argues that the Minoans used the monster to help explain the terrifying earthquakes that were &quot;bellowing&quot; beneath their feet.}}

=== Galeriya nin mga imahe ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;110&quot;&gt;
Ladawan:Theseus_Castellani_Louvre_E850.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur. Detail from an Attic black-figure amphora, c. 575 BC–550 BC.| Si Teseo asin an Minotauro. Detalye gikan sa sarong Amphora na may itom na pigura sa Attic, {{Circa|575 BC–550 BC}} .
Ladawan:Theseus_Minotaur_Louvre_F33.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur. Side A from a black-figure Attic amphora, c. 540 BC.| Si Teseo asin an Minotauro. An lado A gikan sa sarong itom na pigura na Attic amphora, {{Circa|540 BC}} .
Ladawan:Theseus_Minotauros_Louvre_G67.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur. Attic red-figured plate, 520–510 BC.| Si Teseo asin an Minotauro. Attic red-figured plate, 520–510 BC.
Ladawan:Theseus_Minotauros_Louvre_CA2254.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur. Attic black-figure lekythos, 500–475 BC. From Crimea.| Si Teseo asin an Minotauro. Attic black-figure lekythos, 500–475 BC. Gikan sa Crimea.
Ladawan:183-Thesee-tuant-le-Minotaure_MNA.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur, black-figure amphora c. 480 BC| Si Teseo asin an Minotauro, amphora na may itom na pigura {{Circa|480}} BC
Ladawan:British_Museum_Room_20a_Neck_Amphora_Oionokles_Painter_Theseus_and_the_Minotaur_19022019_6619.jpg|alt=Theseus fighting the Minotaur, red-figure amphora, c. 460 BC| Si Theseus na nakikipaglaban sa Minotaur, amphora na may pulang pigura, {{Circa|460}} BC
Ladawan:Theseus_Minotauros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_SL471.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur. Side A from an Attic red-figure stamnos, c. 460 BC.| Si Teseo asin an Minotauro. Side A gikan sa sarong stamnos na may pulang pigura sa Attic, {{Circa|460 BC}} .
Ladawan:Kylix_Theseus_Minotauros_Louvre_F83.jpg|alt=Theseus and the Minotaur, Attic black-figure kylix tondo, c. 450–440 BC.| Si Theseus asin an Minotauro, Attic black-figure kylix tondo, {{Circa|450–440 BC}} .
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mga reperensya sa media ==
 

=== ''An Impiyerno'' ni Dante ===
[[Ladawan:DVinfernoMinotaurOnCliff_m.jpg|thumb| [[Dante|Si Dante]] asin Virgil nasabat an Minotaur, ilustrasyon ni Gustave Doré]]
[[Ladawan:Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg|wala|thumb| An imahe ni William Blake kan Minotaur tanganing iladawan ''an Inferno'' XII]]
Sa mga linyang ini, pigtutuya-tuya ni Virgil an Minotaur tanganing madisturbo siya, asin pigpapagirumdom an Minotaur na siya ginadan ni Theseus an Duke kan Atenas sa tabang kan tugang na babae sa ama kan halimaw na si Ariadne . An Minotaur iyo an pinakaenot na infernal na bantay na nasabat ni Virgil asin Dante sa laog kan mga lanob kan Dis . {{Efn|The [[fallen angel]]s, the [[Erinyes]] [Furies], and the unseen [[Medusa]] were located on the [[City of Dis]]'s defensive ramparts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Dante |last=Alighieri |author-link=Dante Alighieri |title=[[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]] |section=Canto&amp;nbsp;IX}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} An Minotaur garo baga nagrerepresentar kan bilog na sona nin Kadahasan, arog kan pagrepresentar ni Geryon sa Pandadaya sa Canto XVI, asin nagseserbing kaparehong papel bilang bantay sa trangkahan para sa bilog na ikapitong Sirkulo. 

Si Giovanni Boccaccio nagsurat manungod sa Minotaur sa saiyang komentaryo sa literatura kan Commedia: &quot;Kan siya nagdakula na asin nagin sarong pinakamabangis na hayop, asin may dai mapapaniwalaan na kusog, sinasabi ninda na si Minos ipinakulong siya sa sarong bilanggoan na inaapod na labirinto, asin na ipinadara niya saiya duman an gabos na gusto niyang magadan sa sarong maringis na kagadanan&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Boccaccio's Expositions on Dante's Comedy|last=Boccaccio|first=G.|date=30 November 2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|author-link=Giovanni Boccaccio}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Dante Gabriel Rossetti, sa saiyang sadiring kmentaryo,   pigkukumpara an Minotauro sa gabos na tolong kasalan nin kadahasan sa laog kan ikapitong sirkulo: &quot;An Minotauro, na yaon sa gilid kan tripartitong sirkulo, pinakakan, susog sa rawitdawit nagkakagat kan saiyang sadiri (kadahasan laban sa hawak nin saro) asin nakokonsidera sa 'impluwensiya kan bakang' laban sa naturalesa, aking babae nin Dios).&quot;

Si Virgil asin Dante dangan marikas na nag-agi sa mga centaur (Nessus, Chiron asin Pholus) na nagbabantay sa Flegetonte (&quot;salog nin dugo&quot;), tanganing magpadagos sa ikapitong Sirkulo. 

=== Surrealist na arte ===
[[Ladawan:Edward_Burne-Jones_-_Tile_Design_-_Theseus_and_the_Minotaur_in_the_Labyrinth_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb| An ilustrasyon ni Edward Burne-Jones ni ''Theseus asin an Minotaur sa Labyrinth'', 1861]]

* [[Pablo Picasso|Si Pablo Picasso]] naggibo nin serye nin mga etching sa ''Vollard Suite'' na nagpapahiling kan Minotaur na pinapasakitan, na posibleng inspirado man kan bullfighting kan mga Kastila. &lt;ref&gt;Tidworth, Simon, &quot;Theseus in the Modern World&quot;, essay in ''The Quest for Theseus'' London 1970 pp. 244–249 {{ISBN|0269026576}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}

== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==

* [http://www.theoi.com/Ther/Minotauros.html Minotaur sa Griyegong Mito] gikanan Griyegong mga teksto asin arte.
* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000333 An Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (mga imahe kan Minotaur)]
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gorgon</title>
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      <text bytes="36192" sha1="n0fsa0b8mnbhlf7vx7ige2b7o5ke37z" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Berlin_Painter_ARV_197_11_Gorgo_pursuing_Perseus_(02).jpg|thumb|Nagdadalagan si Gorgon; amphora, Munich, [[Staatliche Antikensammlungen]] 2312 (c. 490 BC) &lt;ref&gt;Krauskopf and Dahlinger, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n174/mode/1up|pp. 311&amp;#x2013;312 (Gorgo, Gorgones 331)]]; [[Digital LIMC]] [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-742e72fad4c6d-4 9805]; ''LIMC'' IV-2, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-2 Eros-Herakles/page/n92/mode/1up|p. 187 (Gorgo, Gorgones 331)]]; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&amp;pg=PA59 p. 59, fig. 2.5].&lt;/ref&gt;]]

An '''mga Gorgon''' ( /ˈ ɡ ɔːr ɡ ən z / {{Pagbaybay utro|GOR|gənz}} ;    ), &lt;ref&gt;Grimal, s.v. Gorgons.&lt;/ref&gt; sa [[mitolohiyang Griyego]], iyo an tolong makangingirhat na magturugang na babae, [[Stheno and Euryale|si Stheno, Euryale]], asin [[Medusa]], na sinasabing mga aking babae ni [[Phorcys]] asin [[Ceto]] . Nag-eerok sinda harani sa saindang mga tugang na babae na [[Graeae]], asin nagigibo nindang magin gapo an siisay man na naghihiling sainda. Si Euryale asin Stheno inmortal, alagad si Medusa bako asin ginadan kan bayani na [[Perseus|si Perseus]] . &lt;ref&gt;Bremmer 2006, [https://referenceworks-brillonline-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/gorgo-e426440?s.num=0&amp;s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&amp;s.q=Gorgo s.v. Gorgo 1]; Bremmer 2015, [https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-2871 s.v. Gorgo/Medusa]; Gantz, p. 20; Grimal, s.v. Gorgons; Tripp, s.v. Gorgons.&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga gorgon mga makatatakot na halimaw na may makatatakot na mga mata. Sarong payo nin Gorgon an ipinahiling sa [[aegis]] ni [[Athena]], na nagtatao kaini nin kapangyarihan na protehiran siya sa anuman na armas, asin magtao nin dakulang takot sa arin man na kaiwal. An dugo nin gorgon sinasabing igwa nin kapangyarihan na magpaomay asin magdanyar.

An mga representasyon kan mga bilog na hawak na Gorgon asin an lalawgon kan Gorgon, na inaapod na '''gorgoneion''' (pl. gorgoneia), mga popular na tema sa Suanoy na Griego, Etruscan asin Romanong ikonograpiya. Mantang an mga Archaic Gorgon asin gorgoneia unibersal na ilinaladawan bilang makatatakot na pangit, sa pag'agi nin panahon sinda ilinaladawan bilang magagayon na hoben na mga babae.                                                                                                                                            

== Etimolohiya ==
An pangaran na 'Gorgon' konektado sa Suanoy na Griyegong adhetibo {{Transl|grc|gorgós}} ( γοργός ), na, sa sarong mata o paghiling, nangangahulugan na 'makangingirhat, mabangis, makangangalas, nakakasilaw', &lt;ref&gt;''The Cambridge Greek Lexicon'' svv. ''γοργός'', ''Γοργώ''; Beekes, [[iarchive:etymological-dictionary-of-greek_202306/page/n164/mode/1up|s.v. ''γοργός'']].&lt;/ref&gt; asin pighuhuna na gikan sa [[Sanskrito|Sanskrit]] na poon ''na garğ'' . &lt;ref&gt;Mack, p. 599 n. 5; Napier 1992, p. 102; Phinney, p. 447; Feldman, p. 487; Howe, p. 210.&lt;/ref&gt; An poon igwang konotasyon nin ribok, asin an mga tataramon na Germanic asin Romance igwa nin kadakol na mga hinale sa poon na ini na nanonongod sa tulak (halimbawa 'gorge') o an mga tanog na guttural na nagigibo sa tulak (halimbawa 'gargle', 'gurgle'). &lt;ref&gt;Howe, p. 210, n. 10 with many more examples.&lt;/ref&gt; Ini nasasabotan bilang an kahulugan nin pag-ungol, pag-ungol o pag-ungol, &lt;ref&gt;Mack, p. 599 n. 5; Napier 1992, p. 102; Phinney, p. 447.&lt;/ref&gt; mantang si Thalia Feldman nagsusuherir na an pinakaharaning kahulugan para sa poon iyo an [[onomatopoeic]] ''grrr'' kan sarong nag-uungal na hayop. &lt;ref&gt;Feldman, p. 487.&lt;/ref&gt;                                                                                                                                                                                

== Pamilya ==
Susog ki [[Hesiod]] asin [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], an mga Gorgon mga aking babae kan enot na dios-dagat na [[Phorcys|si Phorcys]] asin kan halimaw sa dagat na [[Ceto|si Ceto]], asin an mga tugang na babae kan tolong iba pang aking babae ni Phorcys asin Ceto, an [[Graeae|mga Graeae]] . &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 19; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270 270&amp;#x2013;277]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.2.6 1.2.6], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2] (calling the Graeae the &quot;Phorcides&quot;).&lt;/ref&gt; Alagad, susog ki [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], sinda mga aking babae ni &quot;an Gorgon&quot;, sarong gikan ni [[Typhon]] asin [[Echidna (mitolohiya)|Echidna]], asin Ceto, &lt;ref&gt;Tripp, s.v. Gorgons; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' Preface [https://topostext.org/work/206#p.9 9], [https://topostext.org/work/206#p.35 35].&lt;/ref&gt; mantang [[Euripides|si Euripides]], sa saiyang trahedya ''[[Ion (play)|na Ion]]'', igwa nin &quot;an Gorgon&quot; na iyo an gikan ni [[Gaia]], na ipinangaki ni Gaia tanganing magin kaalyado kan saiyang mga aki na [[Giants (Greek mythology)|mga Higante]] sa saindang mga giyera laban sa mga [[Twelve Olympians|Olympian gods]] . &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 448; [[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:966-997 986&amp;#x2013;991], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:1048-1060 1055].&lt;/ref&gt; Si Medusa nagkaigwa nin duwang aki ki [[Poseidon (King of the sea)|Poseidon]], an may pakpak na kabayo [[Pegasus|na si Pegasus]] asin an parapakilaban na [[Chrysaor|si Chrysaor]] . &lt;ref&gt;Grimal, s.v. Gorgons; Tripp, s.v. Medusa; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270 278&amp;#x2013;281]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2].&lt;/ref&gt;                                    

== Mitolohiya ==

=== Istaran ===
Kun saen dapat na mag-erok an mga Gorgon nagkakaiba-iba sa mga suanoy na pinagkukuanan. &lt;ref&gt;Fowler 2013, p. 252; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&amp;pg=PA59 pp. 59&amp;#x2013;60]; Gantz, p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki Hesiod, an mga Gorgon nakaistar sa harayo sa sulnupan na lampas sa [[Oceanus]] (an Titan, asin salog na naglilibot sa kinaban) harani sa mga burabod kaini, sa gilid kan banggi kun saen nakaistar an [[Hesperides|mga Hesperides]] (asin an mga Graeae?). &lt;ref&gt;Fowler 2013, p. 254; Gantz, p. 20; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270 274&amp;#x2013;282]. As to whether Hesiod means to include the Graeae as also living there, Fowler reads Hesiod as including the Graeae, while Gantz does not. Compare with [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2], which has Perseus fly to &quot;the ocean&quot; [i.e Oceanus] to find the Gorgons.&lt;/ref&gt; An ''[[Cypria]]'' garo baga igwa nin mga Gorgon na nag-eerok sa Oceanus sa sarong magapong isla na an pangaran Sarpedon. &lt;ref&gt;Bremmer 2006, [https://referenceworks-brillonline-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/gorgo-e426440?s.num=0&amp;s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&amp;s.q=Gorgo s.v. Gorgo 1]; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&amp;pg=PA60 p. 60]; Ganz, p. 20; West 1966, p. 246 line 274 πέρην κλυτοῦ Ὠκεανοῖο; West 2003, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.107.xml Cypria fr. 30 West] [= fr. 24 Allen = fr. 32 Bernabé]. [[Pherecydes of Athens|Pherecydes]] also has the Gorgons living somewhere in Oceanus, see Gantz, p. 20; Pherecydes fr. 11 Fowler (Fowler 2000, pp. 280&amp;#x2013;281) [= Scolia on [[Apollonius of Rhodes]] 4.1515a].&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Prometheus Bound|An Prometheus Bound]]'' ni [[Aeschylus]] nagbugtak sainda sa harayong sirangan &quot;sa ibong kan nag-aalon na dagat&quot; sa &quot;Gorgonean plains of Cisthene&quot;, kun saen nakaistar an mga Graeae, mantang an saiyang nawara na dula na ''Phorkides'' (saro pang pangaran para sa mga Graeae) garo baga nagbugtak sainda sa &quot;Lake Tritonis&quot;, sarong mitolohikong danaw na namumugtak sa pinakasulnupan na parte kan Aprika. &lt;ref&gt;Fowler 2013, p. 254; Hard 2015, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7IMSBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA176 p. 176 16 ''Tritonis'']; Sommerstein, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.261.xml pp. 260&amp;#x2013;261]; [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:780-818 790&amp;#x2013;800]; Aeschylus fr. 262 [= [[Eratosthenes]], ''[[Catasterismi]]'' 22 (Hard 2015, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7IMSBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA16 p. 16])]. For lake Tritonis, and the Gorgons being located in North Africa, see also: [[Herodotus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.91.6 2.91.6], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-eng1:4.178 4.178], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-eng1:4.186.1 4.186.1]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.17.3 3.17.3].&lt;/ref&gt; Asin an ika-limang siglo BC na pararawitdawit na [[Pindar|si Pindar]] nagpabisita ki Perseus, na garo baga sa saiyang paghanap kan payo ni Gorgon, sa mga [[Hyperboreans|Hyperborean]] (na parati pigkokonsiderar na nag-eerok sa harayong amihanan). Alagad, kun baga an boot sabihon ni Pindar na an mga Gorgon nag-eerok harani sa mga Hyperboreans bakong malinaw. &lt;ref&gt;Fowler 2013, p. 254; Bremmer (2006), [https://referenceworks-brillonline-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/gorgo-e426440?s.num=0&amp;s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&amp;s.q=Gorgo s.v. Gorgo 1]; Gantz, p. 20 ; [[Pindar]], ''Phythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:10 10.30&amp;#x2013;48]. Although Bremmer reads Pindar as having located the Gorgons &quot;among the Hyperboreans&quot;, Fowler does not conclude that Pindar did this, while Gantz says that Pindar &quot;may or may not&quot; have done so.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagkagapo ===
Sinabi [[Pherecydes of Athens|ni Pherecydes]] na an lalawgon ni Medusa nagin gapo sa mga tawo, asin ilinaladawan ni Pindar an pinutol na payo ni Medusa bilang &quot;gapong kagadanan&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 20; Pherecydes fr. 11 Fowler (Fowler 2000, pp. 280&amp;#x2013;281) [= Scolia on [[Apollonius of Rhodes]] 4.1515a]; [[Pindar]], ''Phythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:10 10.46&amp;#x2013;48].&lt;/ref&gt; Sa ''Prometheus Bound'', sinasabi kaini na mayo nin mortal na makakahiling sainda asin mabuhay. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 20; [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:780-818 800].&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki Apollodorus, an gabos na tolo sa mga Gorgon pwedeng magin gapo sa siisay man na makahiling sainda. &lt;ref&gt;[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Perseus ===
[[Ladawan:Tempio C di Selinunte, Perseo con Atena decapita Medusa, 540-510 a.C. -FG2.jpg|thumb|Pinuputol [[Perseus|ni Perseus]] an payo ni Medusa; [[Metope]] gikan sa Templo C sa [[Selinus]], [[Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum]] 3920 B (ikaanom na siglo BC) &lt;ref&gt;Marconi, pp. 142&amp;#x2013;143, 236&amp;#x2013;237; Gantz, p. 21; Krauskopf and Dahlinger, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n173/mode/1up|p. 313 (Gorgo, Gorgones 307)]]; [[Digital LIMC]] [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-742d76720be54-e 9733].&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Si Stheno asin Euryale inmortal, mantang si Medusa mortal. &lt;ref&gt;[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270 270&amp;#x2013;277]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2].&lt;/ref&gt; Susog sa bersyon ni Apollodorus kan saindang istorya, [[Perseus|si Perseo]] pinagbotan ni [[Polydectes]] (an saiyang kaiwal) na ibalik an payo ni Medusa. Kaya sa paggiya ni [[Hermes]] asin [[Athena]], hinanap niya an mga tugang na babae kan mga Gorgon, an [[Graeae|mga Graeae]] na igwa sanang sarong mata asin sarong ngipon na saindang pinag-iribahan. Nahabon ni Perseus an saindang mata asin ngipon, asin nagsayuma na ibalik sinda, apuwera sana kun ipahiling ninda saiya an dalan pasiring sa mga nimfa, na ginibo ninda. Si Perseus nakakua sa mga nimpa, nin mga sandalyas na may pakpak, na nagtutugot saiya na maglayog, asin an [[Cap of Hades|takop kan Hades]], na nagpangyari saiya na dai nahihiling. Nag-ako man sia nin karit na adamantine ( ''[[harpē]]'' ) hale ki Hermes. Si Perseus dangan naglayog pasiring sa Oceanus, na nakua an mga Gorgon na nagtuturog. Asin kan nagigibo [[Perseus|ni Perseus]] na putolon an payo ni Medusa sa paagi nin paghiling sa saiyang repleksyon sa saiyang bronseng kalasag, [[Pegasus|si Pegasus]] asin [[Chrysaor]] naglukso hale sa liog ni Medusa, asin si Stheno asin Euryale nagsunod saiya, alagad dai siya nahiling huli ta nakasulot siya nin takop na dai nahihiling ni Hades. Kan ibinalik ni Perseo an payo ni Gorgon, siring sa ipinagboot, na may mga mata na nakatalikod ipinahiling niya an payo ki Polydectes na nagin gapo. Ibinalik ni Perseo an mga bagay na nakua niya sa mga nimpa asin Hermes, alagad itinao an payo ni Gorgon ki Athena. &lt;ref&gt;Bremmer 2015, [https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-2871 s.v. Gorgo/Medusa] (which calls Apollodorus' version &quot;canonical&quot;); [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2&amp;#x2013;3]. See also [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]] ''[http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:780-818 798&amp;#x2013;800].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== An aegis kan Gorgon ni Athena ===
[[Ladawan:Antikensammlung_Berlin_369.JPG|thumb|Si Athena na nakasulot kan saiyang Gorgon [[aegis]] na may mga balbas nin halas; plato na inaatribwir sa [[Oltos]], Munich, [[Staatliche Antikensammlungen]] F2313 (c. 525 &amp;#x2013; 475 BC) &lt;ref&gt;Beazley Archive [https://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/EE62EDF2-FAEC-4CE5-BD9F-AF3A1C35477E 200575].&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Susog ki Apollodorus, pagkatapos na itao ni Perseo an payo kan Gorgon ki Athena, siya &quot;nagbugtak kan payo kan Gorgon sa tahaw kan saiyang kalasag&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2&amp;#x2013;3].&lt;/ref&gt; garo baga sarong pagsambit sa [[aegis]] ni Athena . Sa ''Iliad'', an [[aegis]] sarong aparato, na parati inaasosyar ki [[Athena]], na pigdekorasyonan nin payo ni Gorgon. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, pp. 84&amp;#x2013;85; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.738&amp;#x2013;742]. For a detailed discussion of Athena's Gorgon aegis see Cook, [https://archive.org/details/zeusstudyinancie03cook/page/837/mode/2up?view=theater pp. 837&amp;#x2013;867].&lt;/ref&gt; Isinulot ini ni Athena sa ralaban bilang sarong kalasag na dai kayang butasan kan budyak ni [[Apollo]], o dawa kan kikilat ni [[Zeus]] . &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 84; ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.738&amp;#x2013;742], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.400-21.433 21.400&amp;#x2013;402]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Susog sa ''Iliad'', [[Hephaestus|si Hephaestus]] an naggibo kan aegis para ki Zeus, mantang susog sa sarong fragment ni Hesiod, [[Metis (mythology)|si Metis]] an naggibo kaini para ki Athena, bago namundag si Athena.

Alagad, [[Euripides|si Euripides]], sa saiyang trahedya ''[[Ion (play)|na Ion]]'', igwa nin karakter na nagsasabi na an aegis ni Athena gibo sa kublit kan Gorgon, an aki ni [[Gaia]], na ipinangaki ni Gaia bilang kaalyado kan saiyang mga aki na mga [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Higante]] asin na ginadan ni Athena durante kan [[Gigantomachy]] . &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 84; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:15.281-15.311 15.309&amp;#x2013;310]; [[Hesiod]] [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-other_fragments/2018/pb_LCL503.391.xml?result=2&amp;rskey=2vIwst fr. 294 Most] [= 343 MW]; [[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:966-997 987&amp;#x2013;997]. Other accounts name other opponents whom Athena was supposed to have killed and flayed for her aegis, including the Giant [[Pallas (Giant)|Pallas]] ([[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.2 1.6.2]), an invulnerable [[Kos|Koan]] warrior Asterius, and others, see Robertson, p. 42.&lt;/ref&gt; Sa parehong dula, si Euripides nagpaladawan [[Creusa|ki Creusa]] nin sarong paghabol na saiyang ginibo &quot;garo sarong aegis, na may gilid nin mga halas&quot; na may &quot;Gorgon sa tahaw&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:1395-1436 1417&amp;#x2013;1423].&lt;/ref&gt; Sinambit man niya an &quot;Gorgon-faced shield&quot; ni Athena sa saiyang trahedya ''[[Electra (Euripides play)|na Electra]]'' . &lt;ref&gt;[[Euripides]], ''[[Electra (Euripides play)|Electra]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg012.perseus-eng1:1238-1263 1254&amp;#x2013;1257].&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa pagpinta nin plorera, si Athena parateng ipinapahiling na nakasulot kan saiyang aegis, na may mga payo nin halas. &lt;ref&gt;Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&amp;pg=PA74 p. 74].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dugong gorgon ===
Sa nagkapirang istorya, an dugo kan &quot;Gorgon&quot; (arin man na Gorgon?) sinasabing igwa nin kapangyarihan na magpaomay asin magdanyar. &lt;ref&gt;Bremmer 2006, [https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e426440.xml s.v. Gorgo 1].&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki Euripides' ''Ion'', si Athena nagtao nin duwang turo nin dugo gikan sa Gorgon na saiyang ginadan para sa saiyang aegis ki [[Erichthonius (son of Hephaestus)|Erichthonius]], an saro kaini &quot;nag-iingat sa mga helang asin nagsusustenir sa buhay&quot;, mantang an saro pa &quot;naggagadan, nin huli ta ini hilo gikan sa mga halas na Gorgon&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'', [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:998-1047 1003&amp;#x2013;1015], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:1048-1060 1055], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:1261-1281 1265].&lt;/ref&gt; Mantang susog ki Apollodorus, tinawan ni Athena [[Asclepius|si Asclepius]] nin nagkapirang dugo kan Gorgon, &quot;asin mantang ginagamit niya an dugo na nagbobolos hale sa mga ugat sa wala para sa kapahamakan kan katawohan, ginamit niya an dugo na nagbulos hale sa too para sa kaligtasan, asin sa paaging iyan binuhay niya an mga gadan.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.10.3 3.10.3]. Compare with Apollodorus, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.7.3 2.7.3], which says that Heracles, who had received a lock of Medusa's hair from Athena, gave it to [[Tegea]] for the city's protection from attack (according to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.47.5 87.47.5], the lock of hair was given to Tegea by Athena herself), see Gantz, p. 428.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gorgon naghibi ===
An makosog na kurahaw na hale sa mga Gorgon &amp;#x2014; tibaad may relasyon sa 'Gorgon' na hale sa Sanskrit ''na garğ'', na may mga kahulugan na sarong nag-uungal na hayop &amp;#x2014; parte man kan saindang mitolohiya. &lt;ref&gt;According to Howe, p. 212, &quot;It is clear that some terrible noise was the originating force behind the Gorgon: a guttural, animal-like howl&quot;. Mack, p. 599, n. 5 notes that sound, &quot;though only indirectly a feature of the face, was central to the conceptualization of Medusa's terrifying power&quot;. See also Feldman, pp. 487&amp;#x2013;488.&lt;/ref&gt;

An Hesiodic ''[[Shield of Heracles|Shield ni Heracles]]'' (mga huring parte kan ikapitong &amp;#x2013; kabangaan kan ikaanom na siglo BC), na naglaladawan kan kalasag ni Heracles, igwa nin mga Gorgon na ilinaladawan na naghahabol ki Perseus, na an saindang makusog na kurahaw garo baga nadadangog na naghahale sa kalasag mismo:


{{blockquote|The Gorgons, dreadful and unspeakable, were rushing after him, eager to catch him; as they ran on the pallid adamant, the shield resounded sharply and piercingly with a loud noise.&lt;ref&gt;Most's translation of [[Hesiod]], ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-shield/2018/pb_LCL503.19.xml 230&amp;ndash;233].&lt;/ref&gt;}}


Sinasabi sato ni Pindar na an kurahaw kan mga Gorgon, na nagmomondo sa pagkagadan ni Medusa sa saindang paghanap ki Perseus, iyo an rason kun tano ta naimbento ni Athena an plawta. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p 20; Howe, pp. 210&amp;#x2013;211; Vernant, pp. 117, 125.&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki Pindar, an diyosa:


{{blockquote|wove into music the dire dirge of the reckless Gorgons which Perseus heard pouring in slow anguish from beneath the horrible snakey hair of the maidens ... she created the many-voiced song of flutes so that she could imitate with musical instruments the shrill cry that reached her ears from the fast-moving jaws of Euryale.&lt;ref&gt;Svarlien's translation of [[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:12 12.7&amp;ndash;11, 18&amp;ndash;21]. According to Vernant, p. 117, Pindar is saying here that the sound emitted by the pursuing Gorgons came &quot;both from their maiden mouths and from the horrible heads of snakes associated with them&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;}}


[[Nonnus|Si Nonnus]], sa saiyang ''[[Dionysiaca]]'', igwa man kan nagdudulag na si Perseus na &quot;nagdadangog para sa mayong trumpeta kundi an pag-ungal ni Euryale&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca02nonnuoft/page/254/mode/2up?view=theater 25.58]; see also ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [[iarchive:dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/434/mode/2up|13.77&amp;#x2013;78]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/nonnos-dionysiaca/1940/pb_LCL354.417.xml 30.265&amp;#x2013;266] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202234921/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/nonnos-dionysiaca/1940/pb_LCL354.417.xml |date=2024-12-02 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; An kamawotan na pukawon an kurahaw na ini ni Gorgon pwedeng magin dahilan kan tipikal na nakabukas na nguso na nahihiling sa Archaic Gorgon iconography. &lt;ref&gt;According to Howe, p. 211, the &quot;reason that the Gorgon appears on monuments with a great distended mouth [was] to convey to the spectator the idea of a terrifying roar&quot;; Vernant, p. 118, lists a &quot;terrifying cry&quot; and a &quot;gaping grin&quot; as one of several elements &quot;linking the monstrous face of Gorgo to the warrior possessed by ''menos'' (murderous fury)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga paglaladawan sa literatura ==
An pinakaenot na mga istorya sa literatura kan mga Gorgon nangyayari sa mga obra ni [[Hesiod]] asin [[Homero|Homer]] (mga 700 &amp;#x2013; 650 BC). &lt;ref&gt;Ogden 2008, pp. 34&amp;#x2013;35.&lt;/ref&gt; Si Hesiod dai nagtao nin pisikal na deskripsyon kan mga Gorgon, apwera sa pagsabi na an duwang Gorgon, si Sthenno, asin Euryale dai naggurang. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 20; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270 276&amp;#x2013;277].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Homero|Si Homer]] nagsambit sana kan &quot;an Gorgon&quot; (na dai man nginaranan) na nagtatao nin halipot na mga deskripsyon saiya, asin sa saiyang payo. Sa ''[[Iliada|Iliad]]'' inaapod siyang &quot;halimaw na makatatakot&quot; asin an imahe kan saiyang payo, na minalataw &amp;#x2014; kaiba an nagkapirang iba pang makatatakot na mga imahe &amp;#x2014; sa [[aegis]] ni [[Athena]], asin sa kalasag ni [[Agamemnon]], ilinadawan bilang &quot;makatatakot asin makatatakot&quot;, asin &quot;makangingirhat an aspeto, na nagkikilyab nin makatatakot&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, pp. 85, 304; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.738&amp;#x2013;742] (Athena's aegis), [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:11.1-11.46 11.32&amp;#x2013;37] (Agamemnon's shield).&lt;/ref&gt; Sa ''Iliad'' na, an &quot;nagkikilyab&quot; na mga mata kan Gorgon sarong makatatakot na tampok. Mantang pighahabol [[Hector|ni Hector]] an mga nagdudulag na mga Achaean, &quot;nag-uugma sa saiyang kapangyarihan&quot; ... danay na naggagadan sa pinakahuri&quot;, ilinaladawan ni Homer an eroe kan Troya na igwa nin mga mata na arog kan &quot;mga mata kan Gorgon&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Ogden 2008, p. 34; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.335-8.380 8.337&amp;#x2013;349].&lt;/ref&gt; Asin sa ''[[Odisea|Odyssey]]'', [[Odysseus|si Odysseus]], dawa ngani determinadong &quot;marigon&quot; na magdanay sa [[Underworld|kinaban]] kan mga gadan, tanganing makasabat nin ibang mga dakulang tawo sa tahaw kan mga gadan, nadakop nin siring na takot sa pag-isip na tibaad &quot;an engkwentro duman Si Gorgon, an makatatakot na halimaw na iyan&quot;, naghale &quot;tulos&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:11.601 11.630&amp;#x2013;37].&lt;/ref&gt;

An Hesiodic ''Shield'' naglaladawan sa mga Gorgon na naghahabol ki Perseus bilang &quot;makangingirhat asin dai masabi&quot; na may duwang halas na nakabalot sa saindang mga habayan, asin na &quot;sa makatatakot na payo kan mga Gorgon nag-iriwal an dakulang Takot&quot;, tibaad sarong pagsambit sa mga halas na nagkukubogkubog sa saindang mga payo. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 20; ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' 229&amp;#x2013;237 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-shield/2018/pb_LCL503.19.xml pp. 18&amp;#x2013;21]).&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pindar|Si Pindar]] ginigibo an mga halas para sa buhok na malinaw, na nagsasabi na an payo ni Perseus na Gorgon &quot;nagkikinang sa buhok na gibo sa mga halas&quot;, asin na an mga Gorgon na naghahabol ki Perseus igwa man nin &quot;makangingirhat na halas na buhok&quot;, siring man sa ''Prometheus Bound'' kun saen an gabos na tolong Gorgon ilinaladawan bilang &quot;may pakpak&quot; siring man &quot;pula an buhok na halas&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Gantz, p. 20; [[Pindar]], ''Phythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:10 10.46&amp;#x2013;48], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:12 12.10&amp;#x2013;14]; [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:780-818 799].&lt;/ref&gt; An reputasyon kan Gorgon sa karigsokan iyo na an komiks na dramatista kan Atenas [[Aristophones|na si Aristophones]], kan 405 BC, tuyaon an mga babae kan [[deme]] [[Teithras]] kan Atenas sa paagi nin pag-apod sainda na mga Gorgon. &lt;ref&gt;Bremmer 2006, [https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e426440.xml s.v. Gorgo 1]; [[Aristophanes]], ''[[Frogs (play)|Frogs]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg009.perseus-eng1:460-502 475&amp;#x2013;477].&lt;/ref&gt;

An mitograpo na [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|si Apollodorus]] nagtatao kan pinakadetalyadong paglaladawan:

{{blockquote|... the Gorgons had heads twined about with the scales of dragons, and great tusks like swine's, and brazen hands, and golden wings, by which they flew&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Frazer's translation of [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2].&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Mantang an siring na mga deskripsyon nagduduon kan makatatakot na pisikal na mga tampok kan Gorgon, kan ikalimang siglo BC, si Pindar pwede man na iladawan an saiyang Medusa na may buhok na halas bilang &quot;magayon&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:12 12.16].&lt;/ref&gt; Asin an Romanong pararawitdawit [[Ovid|na si Ovid]] nagsasabi sato na si Medusa orihinal na sarong magayon na daraga, alagad huli sa sarong sekswal na engkwentro ki [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]] (an Romanong katumbas kan Griegong [[Poseidon (King of the sea)|Poseidon]] ) sa templo ni [[Minerva]] (si Minerva iyo an Romanong katumbas kan Griegong [[Athena]] ), pinadusahan ni Minerva si Medusa sa paagi nin pagliwat kan saiyang magayon na buhok na magin makatatakot na halas. &lt;ref&gt;[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-metamorphoses/1916/pb_LCL042.235.xml 4.794–803].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikonograpiya ==
An mga gorgon sarong popular na tema sa suanoy na arte kan Griego, Etruscano asin Romano, &lt;ref&gt;Bremmer 2015, [https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-2871 s.v. Gorgo/Medusa].&lt;/ref&gt; na may labing anom na gatos na representasyon na nakakatalogo sa ''[[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae]]'' ( ''LIMC'' ). &lt;ref&gt;Krauskopf and Dahlinger, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n161/mode/1up|p. 288]] (351 entries); Krauskopf, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n182/mode/1up|p. 331]] (118 entries); Paoletti, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n189/mode/1up|pp. 345&amp;#x2013;346]] (206 entries). For a comprehensive discussion of Gorgon/gorgoneion iconography see: Krauskopf and Dahlinger, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n159/mode/1up|pp. 285&amp;#x2013;330]] (images: ''LIMC'' IV-2, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-2 Eros-Herakles/page/n80/mode/1up|pp. 163&amp;#x2013;188]]); Krauskopf, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n182/mode/1up|pp. 330&amp;#x2013;345]] (images: ''LIMC'' IV-2, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-2 Eros-Herakles/page/n93/mode/1up|pp. 188&amp;#x2013;195]]); Paoletti, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-1 Eros-Herakles/page/n189/mode/1up|pp. 345&amp;#x2013;362]] (images: ''LIMC'' IV-2, [[iarchive:limc_20210516/Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae/LIMC IV-2 Eros-Herakles/page/n96/mode/1up|pp. 195&amp;#x2013;207]]. For other discussions see: Carpenter, pp. 134&amp;#x2013;139; Karoglou, pp. 4&amp;#x2013;25; Ogden 2013, pp. 93&amp;#x2013;94; Vernant, pp. 112&amp;#x2013;116.&lt;/ref&gt; Dugang pa sa kadakol na halimbawa na makukua sa mga pintura sa plorera, an mga Gorgon nangyayari sa manlaen-laen na iba pang mga konteksto, kabali an mga dekorasyon sa arkitektura, mga kasangkapan sa kalasag, asin mga sinsilyo. &lt;ref&gt;Vernant p. 112, which also mentions Gorgons &quot;decorating household utensils, hanging in artisan's' workshops, attached to kilns, set up in private residences&quot;. For architecture, see Belson 1981. For Greek shield devices, see Chase 1902. Although preserved gorgoneia on actual shields are rare, Chase lists 47 examples (pp. 95 (XVII, XXVII), 106&amp;#x2013;108 (CXIX&amp;#x2013;CXXV)) of gorgoneia on representations of shields, and argues (p. 79) that &quot;the constant recurrence of the commoner devices—the bull's head, the gorgoneion, the lion, the serpent, the tripod, can hardly be explained except upon the supposition that these devices were in constant and widespread use throughout the whole period of Greek civilization&quot;. For coins, see Kroll 1981; Cook, [https://archive.org/details/zeusstudyinancie03cook/page/853/mode/2up?view=theater pp. 853&amp;#x2013;856].&lt;/ref&gt; An ibang representasyon nagpapahiling nin mga Gorgon na bilog an hawak, mantang an iba, na inaapod na [[Gorgoneion|gorgoneia]], nagpapahiling sana kan lalawgon (o payo) nin sarong Gorgon, arog kan mga ilinadawan sa ''[[Iliada|Iliad]]'' na minalataw sa [[aegis]] ni [[Athena]], asin sa kalasag ni [[Agamemnon]] . &lt;ref&gt;Ogden 2008, p. 34; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.738&amp;#x2013;742] (Athena's aegis), [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:11.1-11.46 11.32&amp;#x2013;37] (Agamemnon's shield).&lt;/ref&gt; An pinakaenot na representasyon kan duwang klase makukua sa haros parehong panahon, an kabangaan kan ikapitong siglo BC. &lt;ref&gt;Ogden 2013, p. 93; Ogden 2008, pp. 34&amp;#x2013;36.&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga Archaic Gorgon tipikal na igwa nin halas na buhok na may mga kulot na garo halas (Mga Fig. 8, 9), o mga aktuwal na halas na nagluluwas sa saindang payo (Mga Fig. 2, 5, 6, 10). An mga lalawgon kan mga Archaic Gorgon partikularmenteng napapalaen, tipikal na may darakulang nakakatakot na mga mata, tripartite scroll-like ( [[volute]] ) na mga dungo, mahiwas na nguso na may mga ngirit o ngirit na garo rictus, mga dila na nagluluya, mga ngipon asin/o mga ngipon (Figs. 4, 5, 6), asin minsan mga balbas (Figs. 3, 3, 15). &lt;ref&gt;Ogden 2013, p. 93; Wilk, pp. 32&amp;#x2013;33; Gantz, p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt; Apwera sa partikular na pagkamakangingirhat kaini, an pinakanapapalaen na tampok kan mga suanoy na representasyon kan mga Gorgon iyo na an payo pirming nakaatubang sa enotan (sa lalawgon) na an darakulang mabangis na mga mata kaini direktang nakatutok sa paradalan. &lt;ref&gt;Vernant, pp. 112&amp;#x2013;113, identifies &quot;two fundamental characteristics&quot; in the archaic representations of Gorgons as &quot;first frontality ... second, monstrousness&quot;. Ogden 2008, p. 35, describes this &quot;direct frontal stare, seemingly looking out from its own iconographical context and directly challenging the viewer&quot; as &quot;a shocking and highly exceptional thing in the context of Greek two-dimensional imagery.&quot; See also Wilk, pp. 32&amp;#x2013;33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Susog sa pagbabago sa mga deskripsyon sa literatura na nahihiling sa mga obra ni Pindar asin Ovid na nasambit sa itaas, poon kan ikalimang siglo BC, an mga representasyon kan mga Gorgon asin gorgoneia nagbalyo gikan sa mga makatatakot na halimaw pasiring sa magagayon na hoben na mga babae, na an siring na mga representasyon nagin tipikal kan ikaapat na siglo BC. &lt;ref&gt;Ogden 2013, p. 96; Karoglou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_SZKDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA4 pp. 4&amp;#x2013;5], places this transition, along with similar transitions for other mythical female human-monster hybrids, in the larger context of &quot;the idealizing humanism&quot; of Greek art of the Classical period, &quot;when ugliness was largely avoided&quot;). For a discussion of this Iconographic transition see Karoglou, pp. 6&amp;#x2013;26, which traces Medusan iconography from the ancient to the modern. See also Cook, [https://archive.org/details/zeusstudyinancie03cook/page/848/mode/2up?view=theater pp. 848&amp;#x2013;858].&lt;/ref&gt; Saro sa pinakaenot na siring na &quot;magayon&quot; na mga Gorgon (kabangaan kan ikalimang siglo BC) sarong pulang-pigura [[Pelike|na pelike]] (Fig. 11), na nagpapahiling ki Perseus, na nakatalikod an payo, na madali nang putolon an payo kan sarong nagtuturog na Medusa. &lt;ref&gt;Karoglou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_SZKDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA9 pp. 9&amp;#x2013;10].&lt;/ref&gt; Mantang an gorgoneia padagos na yaon sa gabos na lugar sagkod sa katapusan kan antigong panahon, pagkatapos kan ikaapat na siglo BC an mga bilog na hawak na Gorgon dai na narerepresentar. &lt;ref&gt;Karoglou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_SZKDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA11 pp.11&amp;#x2013;12].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Toltolan ==
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  <page>
    <title>Pangkukulam</title>
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      <text bytes="18481" sha1="trlh04uwwrx692o0dlrthz7e2h43vyn" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:John_William_Waterhouse_-_Magic_Circle.JPG|thumb|Paglaladawan kan pangkukulam sa pintura [[John William Waterhouse|ni John William Waterhouse]] na ''The Magic Circle'' (1886)]]
An '''pangkukulam''' iyo an paggamit nin soboot [[Sobrenatural|supernatural]] na mga kapangyarihan nin mahika . An '''bruha''' sarong paragibo nin pangkukulam. Sa tradisyon, an &quot;pangkukulam&quot; nangangahulugan nin paggamit nin mahika o supernatural na kapangyarihan tanganing magtao nin danyos o disgrasya sa iba, asin ini an nagdadanay na pinaka-komun asin lakop na kahulugan.  Susog sa ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', &quot;An pangkukulam na tinawan nin kahulugan na ini mas yaon sa imahinasyon&quot;, alagad ini &quot;nagkompuesto para sa kadaklan na kultura nin sarong praktikal na paliwanag kan karatan sa kinaban&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|first1=Jeffrey Burton|last1=Russell|first2=Ioan M.|last2=Lewis|date=2023|title=Witchcraft|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/witchcraft|access-date=2023-07-28|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628125818/https://www.britannica.com/topic/witchcraft|archive-date=2023-06-28|quote=Although defined differently in disparate historical and cultural contexts, witchcraft has often been seen, especially in the West, as the work of crones who meet secretly at night, indulge in cannibalism and orgiastic rites with the Devil, or Satan, and perform black magic. Witchcraft thus defined exists more in the imagination of contemporaries than in any objective reality. Yet this stereotype has a long history and has constituted for many cultures a viable explanation of evil in the world.}}&lt;/ref&gt; An pagtubod sa pangkukulam nakua sa bilog na kasaysayan sa kadakol na sosyedad sa bilog na kinaban. Kadaklan sa mga sosyedad na ini naggamit nin protektibong mahika o kontra-mahika laban sa pangkukulam, asin naglikay, nagpalayas, nagpreso, pisikal na pinadusahan o ginadan an mga soboot bruha. Ginagamit kan mga antropologo an terminong &quot;witchcraft&quot; para sa mga kaparehong pagtubod manungod sa nakakadanyar na mga gawi nin okulto sa manlaen-laen na kultura, asin an mga sosyedad na ini parating naggagamit kan terminong ini kun nagtataram sa Ingles. &lt;ref name=&quot;Singh-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=Manvir|title=Magic, Explanations, and Evil: The Origins and Design of Witches and Sorcerers|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349617609}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Perrone-1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApJayEh43ZcC&amp;pg=PA189|title=Medicine women, curanderas, and women doctors|last=Perrone|first=Bobette|last2=Stockel|first2=H. Henrietta|last3=Krueger|first3=Victoria|date=1993|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0806125121|page=189|access-date=8 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423165056/https://books.google.com/books?id=ApJayEh43ZcC&amp;pg=PA189|archive-date=23 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An pagtubod sa pangkukulam bilang maraot na mahika pinatunayan gikan sa suanoy na Mesopotamia, asin sa Europa, an pagtubod sa mga bruha minabalik sa klasikal na antigong panahon . Sa edad media asin amay na modernong Europa, an mga inaakusaran na bruha parati mga babae &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/witchcraft-work-women|title=Witchcraft accusations were an 'occupational hazard' for female workers in early modern England|date=19 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; na pigtutubodan na patagong naggamit nin itom na mahika ( ''maleficium'' ) laban sa saindang sadiring komunidad. Sa parati, an mga akusasyon nin pangkukulam ginigibo kan mga kataed kan mga inakusaran na mga bruha, asin sinusundan kan mga tensyon sosyal. An mga bruha minsan sinasabing nakipag-ulay sa [[Demonyo|mga demonyo]] o sa Diablo, dawa ngani an antropologong si Jean La Fontaine nagsabi na an siring na mga akusasyon mayormenteng ginigibo laban sa mga pighihiling na &quot;mga kaiwal kan Simbahan&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Witches and Demons: A Comparative Perspective on Witchcraft and Satanism|last=La Fontaine|first=J.|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2016|isbn=978-1785330865|pages=33–34}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pighona na an pangkukulam pwedeng maolang kan puting mahika, na itinatao kan ' tusong mga tawo ' o 'mga madonong'. An mga pinagdududahan na bruha parateng kinasuhan asin pinapadusahan, kun napatunayan na nagkasala o pinaniniwalaan sana na nagkasala. An mga paghanap nin mga bruha sa Europa asin mga pagbista sa mga bruha sa amay na modernong panahon nagbunga nin manampulong ribong paggadan. Mantang an mga mahiwason na parabolong asin [[Komadrona|partera]] minsan inaakusaran nin pangkukulam mismo,   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Eve's Herbs: A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West|last=Riddle|first=John M.|date=1997|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0674270266|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=110–119}}&lt;/ref&gt;  sinda minakompuesto nin minoriya sa mga inaakusaran. An pagtubod kan mga taga-Europa sa pangkukulam luway-luway na nagluya durante asin pakatapos kan Panahon nin Kaliwanagan .

Dakul na mga katutubong sistema nin pagtubod na kabali an konsepto nin pangkukulam an nagtatao man nin kahulugan sa mga bruha bilang mga maraot, asin naghahanap nin mga parabolong (arog kan mga parabolong asin mga parabulong ) tanganing malikayan asin mawara an pangkukulam.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EktzHrfup1UC|title=Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam|last=Tan|first=Michael L.|publisher=University of the Philippines Press|year=2008|isbn=978-9715425704|access-date=2020-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126013249/https://books.google.com/books?id=EktzHrfup1UC|archive-date=2021-01-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ibang mga tawong Aprikano asin Melanesian nagtutubod na an mga bruha pinapahiro nin sarong maraot na espiritu o substansiya sa laog ninda. An modernong paghanap nin mga bruha nangyayari sa mga parte kan Aprika asin Asia.

Poon kan mga taon 1930, an mga parasunod kan nagkapirang klase nin modernong paganismo nagpoon na magmidbid bilang mga bruha asin tinawan giraray nin kahulugan an terminong &quot;pangkukulam&quot; bilang parte kan saindang mga neopagan na pagtubod asin gawi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Doyle White-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft|last=Doyle White|first=Ethan|publisher=Liverpool University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-84519-754-4|pages=1–9, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Berger|first1=Helen A.|last2=Ezzy|first2=Douglas|date=September 2009|title=Mass Media and Religious Identity: A Case Study of Young Witches|journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion|volume=48|issue=3|pages=501–514|doi=10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01462.x|jstor=40405642|issn=0021-8294}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ibang mga neo-pagano naglilikay sa termino huli sa negatibong mga kahulugan kaini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft|last=Lewis|first=James|date=1996|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|page=376}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Konsepto ==
[[Ladawan:Baldung_Hexen_1508_kol.JPG|thumb| ''An mga Bruha'' ni Hans Baldung (ukit sa kahoy), 1508]]
An pinaka-komun na kahulugan kan &quot;pangkukulam&quot; sa bilog na kinaban iyo an paggamit nin nakakadanyar na mahika.  An pagtubod sa maraot na mahika asin an konsepto nin pangkukulam nagdanay sa bilog na nakarekord na kasaysayan asin nakua sa mga kultura sa bilog na kinaban, ano man an pag-uswag.   Kadaklan sa mga sosyedad natakot sa kakayahan kan nagkapirang indibidwal na magcausa nin supernatural na danyos asin disgrasya sa iba. Ini pwedeng maggikan sa tendensiyang &quot;na gustong itao an mga pangyayari nin pambihirang karahayan o maraot na kapaladan sa ahensiya, tawo man o superhuman&quot;.  An mga historyador asin antropologo nahihiling an konsepto nin &quot;pangkukulam&quot; bilang saro sa mga paagi na pigprobaran kan mga tawo na ipaliwanag an pambihirang kamalasan.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Moro-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology|last=Moro|first=Pamela A.|date=2017|isbn=9780470657225|pages=1–9|chapter=Witchcraft, Sorcery, and Magic|doi=10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1915|chapter-url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1915}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ibang kultura mas dikit an takot sa pangkukulam kisa sa iba, huli ta sinda may tendensiyang magkaigwa nin ibang paliwanag para sa pambihirang disgrasya.  Halimbawa, an mga Gael kan Irlandia asin kan Scottish Highlands sa kasaysayan igwa nin makusog na pagtubod sa mga tawong engkanto, na pwedeng magcausa nin supernatural na danyos, asin an pag-ayam nin mga bruha bihirang marhay sa mga rehiyon na ini kumpara sa ibang mga rehiyon kan mga Isla nin Britanya. 

An historyador na si Ronald Hutton nagsabi nin limang pangenot na karakteristiko na iinaatribwir sa mga bruha asin pangkukulam kan kadaklan na kultura na naniniwala sa konseptong ini: an paggamit nin mahika tanganing magcausa nin danyos o disgrasya sa iba; ginamit ini kan bruha laban sa sadiri nindang komunidad; an mga kapangyarihan nin pangkukulam pigtutubodan na nakua sa paagi nin pamana o pagpoon; ini nahihiling na inmoral asin parati na pighuhuna na kalabot an pakikisumaro sa mga maraot na linalang; asin an pangkukulam pwedeng maolang sa paagi nin depensibong mahika, pangongombensir, pananakot o pisikal na padusa sa soboot bruha. 

An lakop na paniniwala sa bilog na kinaban iyo na an mga bruha naggagamit nin mga bagay, tataramon, asin mustra tanganing gumibo nin lihis sa natural na danyos, o na igwa sana sinda nin natural na kapangyarihan na gibohon iyan. Sinasabi ni Hutton na an duwang klase nin mga parapraktis parateng tinutubod na nag-eeksister sa parehong kultura asin na an duwa parateng nag-oorolay, sa bagay na an saro na may natural na kapangyarihan puedeng gamiton an kapangyarihan na iyan sa paagi nin materyal na mga bagay. 

Saro sa mga pinaka-impluwensyal na obra sa pangkukulam asin mga konsepto nin mahika iyo an ''Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande'' ni EE Evans-Pritchard, sarong pag-aadal kan mga pagtubod sa pangkukulam kan Azande na ipinublikar kan 1937. Nagtao ini nin mga kahulugan para sa pangkukulam na nagin sarong kombension sa antropolohiya.  Alagad, an nagkapirang parasiyasat nagtutulod na an pankagabsan na pag-ampon kan mga kahulugan ni Evans-Pritchard nagpugol sa pag-orolay kan mga pagtubod sa pangkukulam, asin dawa an mas mahiwas na pag-orolay manongod sa mahika asin relihiyon, sa mga paagi na dai sinusuportaran kan saiyang gibo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mills-20132&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|jstor=42002806|title=The opposite of witchcraft: Evans-Pritchard and the problem of the person|first=Martin A.|last=Mills|journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute|volume=19|number=1|date=March 2013|pages=18–33|doi=10.1111/1467-9655.12001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Evans-Pritchard itinagama an terminong &quot;pangkukulam&quot; para sa mga aksyon kan mga nagdadara nin danyos sa paagi kan saindang natural na kapangyarihan asin naggamit nin &quot;pankukulam&quot; para sa mga nangangaipo nin mga kasangkapan tanganing magibo ini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/witchcraftoracle00evan/page/8|title=Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande|last=Evans-Pritchard|first=Edward Evan|date=1937|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0198740292|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/witchcraftoracle00evan/page/8 8–9]|author-link=E. E. Evans-Pritchard}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga historyador nadepisilan na iaplikar an mga kahulugan na ini sa pangkukulam sa Europa, kun saen an mga bruha tinutubod na naggagamit nin pisikal na mga teknika, siring man an nagkapira na tinutubod na nakakadanyar paagi sana sa pag-isip.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries|last=Ankarloo|first=Bengt|last2=Henningsen|first2=Gustav|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|location=Oxford|pages=1, 14}}&lt;/ref&gt; An pagkakaiba &quot;ngonyan kadaklan na inabandona na, dawa ngani an ibang mga antropologo minsan nahihiling pa man giraray na ini may kinaaraman sa partikular na mga sosyedad na saindang pinagmamakulog&quot;. 

Mantang an kadaklan na kultura nagtutubod na an pangkukulam sarong bagay na tuyo, an nagkapirang mga Katutubong tawo sa Aprika asin Melanesia nagtutubod na an mga bruha igwa nin substansiya o maraot na espiritu sa saindang hawak na nagtutulod sainda na gumibo nin maraot.  An siring na mga substansiya puwedeng paniwalaan na naghihiro nin solo mantang an bruha nagtuturog o dai nakakaaram. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mills-2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The opposite of witchcraft: Evans-Pritchard and the problem of the person|author=Mills}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga tawong Dobu nagtutubod na an mga babae naggigibo nin nakakadanyar na mahika sa saindang pagturog mantang an mga lalaki naggigibo kaini mantang mata.  Dugang pa, sa mga kultura na an mga substansia sa laog kan hawak pinaniniwalaan na nagtatao nin lihis sa natural na mga kapangyarihan, an substansia tibaad marahay, maraot, o neutral sa moral. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/najp/article/download/1925/1881|title=Witchcraft in Africa: malignant or developmental?|website=www.nigerianjournalsonline.com|author=Iniobong Daniel Umotong|access-date=2025-03-04|archive-date=2024-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201202824/https://www.nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/najp/article/download/1925/1881|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Socio-Missiological Significance of Witchcraft Belief and Practice in Africa|author=Gbule}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Hutton nagbubugtak nin pagkakaiba sa pag-oltanan kan mga dai tinutuyong nagtatao nin maraot na mata asin kan mga tuyong naggigibo kaiyan, na ilinaladawan sana an mga huri bilang mga bruha. 

An unibersal o cross-cultural na balido kan mga terminong &quot;bruha&quot; asin &quot;pangkukulam&quot; pinagdedebatehan.  Si Hutton nagsasabi:
 {{blockquote|[Malevolent magic] is, however, only one current usage of the word. In fact, Anglo-American senses of it now take at least four different forms, although the one discussed above seems still to be the most widespread and frequent. The others define the witch figure as any person who uses magic{{nbsp}}... or as the practitioner of nature-based Pagan religion; or as a symbol of independent female authority and resistance to male domination. All have validity in the present.{{sfnp|Hutton|2017|p=10}}}}
Susog sa United Nations Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary o Arbitrary Executions igwa nin &quot;kadepisilan sa pagtao nin kahulugan kan 'mga bruha' asin 'pangkukulam' sa manlaen-laen na kultura {{Em dash}} mga termino na, laen nanggad sa saindang mga kahulugan sa popular na kultura, pwedeng maglaog nin sarong array nin tradisyonal o mga gawi sa pagpaomay sa pagtubod &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/ie-albinism/witchcraft-and-human-rights|title=Witchcraft and human rights|publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An antropologong si Fiona Bowie nagsabi na an mga terminong &quot;pangkukulam&quot; asin &quot;bruha&quot; ginagamit nin magkaiba kan mga iskolar asin kan publiko sa dai mababa sa apat na paagi.  An Neopagan na parasurat na si Isaac Bonewits nagproponer na bangaon an mga bruha sa mas laen pang mga klase kabali, alagad bakong limitado sa: Neopagan, Feminist, Neogothic, Neoclassical, Classical, Family Traditions, Immigrant Traditions, asin Ethnic. 

== Etimolohiya ==
An tataramon na &quot;pangkukulam&quot; labing sangribong taon na an edad: An lumang Ingles nagbilog kan compound {{Lang|ang|wiccecræft}} gikan sa {{Lang|ang|wicce}} ('bruha') asin {{Lang|ang|cræft}} ('gibo'). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Harper|first=Douglas|title=witchcraft (n.)|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=witchcraft&amp;allowed_in_frame=0|access-date=29 October 2013|website=Online Etymology Dictionary|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105052512/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=witchcraft&amp;allowed_in_frame=0|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; An pormang panlalaki iyo {{Lang|ang|wicca}} ('lalaki na salamangkero'). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary|url=https://oed.com/start;jsessionid=5EF3CA6F4DB30EFC0E4768781B858944?authRejection=true&amp;url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F229574|website=oed.com|access-date=2021-07-18|archive-date=2021-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718192633/https://oed.com/start;jsessionid=5EF3CA6F4DB30EFC0E4768781B858944?authRejection=true&amp;url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F229574|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Susog sa Oxford English Dictionary, ''an wicce'' asin ''wicca'' posibleng hale sa berbong Lumang Ingles {{Lang|ang|wiccian}}, na an boot sabihon 'maggibo nin pangkukulam'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite OED|witch}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An Wiccian'' igwa nin cognate sa Middle Low German {{Lang|gml|wicken}} (pinatunayan gikan sa ika-13 siglo). An dugang pang etimolohiya kan tataramon na ini problemado. Mayo ining malinaw na mga kapareho sa ibang mga tataramon na Aleman sa luwas kan Ingles asin Low German, asin igwa nin kadakol na posibilidad para sa ugat na Indo-Europeo na kun saen ini pwedeng gikan.

An saro pang tataramon na Lumang Ingles para sa 'bruha' iyo an {{Lang|ang|hægtes}} o {{Lang|ang|hægtesse}}, na nagin an modernong Ingles na tataramon na &quot; hag &quot; asin konektado sa tataramon na &quot; hex &quot;. Sa kadaklan na iba pang mga tataramon na Aleman, an saindang tataramon para sa 'bruha' gikan sa parehong ugat kan mga ini; halimbawa [[Tataramon na Aleman|an Aleman]] {{Lang|de|Hexe}} asin {{Lang|nl|heks}} na Olandes . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=hag (n.)|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/hag|website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa kolokyal na modernong [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]], an tataramon na ''bruha'' partikularmenteng ginagamit para sa mga babae. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/witch|title=Definition of WITCH|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=12 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sarong lalaking paragibo nin mahika o pangkukulam mas komun na inaapod na ' salamangkero ', o minsan, ' salamangkero '. Kun an tataramon na ''bruha'' ginagamit sa pagsambit sa sarong miyembro nin sarong neo-pagan na tradisyon o relihiyon (arog kan Wicca ), ini pwedeng magsambit sa sarong tawo na ano man an kasarian. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cusack&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Contemporary Paganism|last=Cusack|first=Carole M.|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004163737|editor-last=Pizza|editor-first=Murphy|page=345|chapter=The Return of the Goddess: Mythology, Witchcraft and Feminist Spirituality|editor-last2=Lewis|editor-first2=James}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Senkō-ji (Onomichi)</title>
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[[Ladawan:Senkō-ji_Stone_Buddhas.jpg|alt=Senkō-ji stone Jizō.|thumb|An mga Jizō na gapo sa kataid kan mayor na templo.]]
An {{Nihongo|'''Senkō-ji'''|千光寺}}  mahihiling sa Senko-ji Park sa Onomichi, Hiroshima. Saro ining historikong templo kan Hapon. 

== Historya ==
Kan 806 ini pigtogdas sa inot na taon kan panahon nin Daidō.

Pan-10 man an lugar na kni sa Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage.

== Mga atraksyon ==
An mga bisitang hali sa Senkō-ji pweding maghiling an Onomichi asin an Seto Inland Sea.

Igwa nin {{Nihongo|Bungaku no komichi|文学のこみち(Path of Literature)}}  manungod sa 25 na mga awtor na may relasyon ki Onomichi, kabali si Shiga Naoya asin Fumiko Hayashi .

== Sa popular na kultura ==
An templo itinampok bilang mayor na landmark sa video game, Yakuza 6: The Song of Life . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;kaipuhan an sitasyon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hilingon man ==
• Senkōji Ropeway

• Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage

• Shiga Naoya

• Fumiko Hayashi

== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
• Senko-ji (in Japanese)

• Senko-ji (Onomichi city) (in Japanese)

34°24'39&quot;N 133°11'56&quot;E</text>
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      <text bytes="3236" sha1="72cy2xuufgxfrg6vkvyi3xf52f8ssm8" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Jerry Brudos Arrested Statesman Journal June 28 1969.jpg|thumb|Si Jerome Brudos siring sa ipinapahiling sa Sabado 28 Hunyo 1969 na edisyon kan Statesman Journal]]
Si '''Jerome Henry''' &quot; '''Jerry''' &quot; '''Brudos''' (Enero 31, 1939 – Marso 28, 2006) sarong Amerikanong [[Serial killer|paragadan]] asin [[Nekropilya|necrophile]] na midbid bilang an '''Lust Killer''' asin an '''Shoe Fetish Slayer''' na nagkomiter kan [[Kidnapping|pagkidnap]], panglulugos, asin paggadan sa apat na hoben na babae sa pag'oltan kan 1968 asin 1969 sa [[Salem, Oregon]] . Midbid man siyang nagprobar na agawon an duwa pang hoben na babae.

An gabos na paggadan ni Brudos ginibo sa laog kan saiyang kotse o sa sirong kan harong o garahe kan duwang harong na saiyang istaran sa panahon na ginibo niya an saiyang mga paggadan. An lambang biktima ginadan sa paagi nin [[Strangulation|pag-ipit]] ; nagkapirang biktima an naretrato bago asin o pagkatapos kan kagadanan, asin tolo sa saiyang mga biktima an nag-agi nin post-mortem dismemberment. Si Brudos midbid na naggigibo nin mga akto nin necrophilia sa mga hawak kan saiyang mga biktima asin nagdanay na may piniling parts kan hawak — daing liwat-liwat an mga pinutol na suso o feet — kan tolo sa saiyang mga biktima tanganing parehong ipahiling an saiyang [[Dominance and submission|dominasyon]] asin tanganing mabusog an saiyang [[Sexual fetishism|sekswal na pagmawot]] para sa mga bitis, lingerie, asin sapatos nin mga babae.

Nasentensiyahan siya nin tolong magkasunod na termino nin [[Life imprisonment|buhay na pagkapreso]], na maserbihan sa [[Oregon State Penitentiary]], si Brudos nagadan huli sa [[Liver cancer|kanser sa atay]] mantang nakakulong sa pasilidad na ini kan 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 29, 2006|title=Oregon's Longest-held Prisoner Dies of Natural Causes|url=https://theworldlink.com/news/local/oregons-longest-held-prisoner-dies-of-natural-causes/article_26c6c3f3-e598-534a-a758-d04209751869.html|access-date=April 29, 2025|newspaper=[[The World (Coos Bay, Oregon)|The World]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Brudos namidbid bilang an &quot;Lust Killer&quot; huli sa [[Lust|primerong motibo]] sa likod kan saiyang mga krimen; siya man nagin midbid bilang an &quot;Shoe Fetish Slayer&quot; huli sa saiyang bilog na buhay [[Shoe fetishism|na fetishismo sa sapatos]] .

==Toltolan==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{stub}}

==Panluwas na mga sumpay==
* Contemporary [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-journal/23814285/ ''news article''] pertaining to Brudos's arrest
* 2014 ''[[The Oregonian|Oregonian]]'' [https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2014/07/salem_shoe-fetish_killer_jerry.html ''news article''] detailing the crimes of Jerry Brudos
* [https://www.crimelibrary.org/serial_killers/predators/jerry_brudos/12.html ''The Fetish Killer: Jerry Brudos''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130174201/https://www.crimelibrary.org/serial_killers/predators/jerry_brudos/12.html |date=2024-11-30 }} at crimelibrary.org
* [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gb476t8 ''How Sadistic Behavior and its Correlation to Sexual Coercion Leads to Fetishes and Sexual Aggression'']: A [[University of California, Merced|UC Merced]] undergraduate study of the crimes committed by Jerome Brudos</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Darangen</title>
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      <text bytes="23980" sha1="qx38rzxbbph037ff68k3vwlz39nc16c" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Epikong rawitdawit kan Maranaw gikan sa Mindanao, Filipinas}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox rawitdawit
| name = ''Darangen''
| author =
| country = [[Filipinas]]
| publication_date = 
| language = [[Tataramon na Maranao|Maranao]]
| genre = [[Epikong rawitdawit|Epikong rawit-dawit]]
| meter = [[Iambikong tetrametro]]
| lines = 72,000 }}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
|ICH = Epikong Darangen kan mga tawong Maranao kan Danaw Lanao
|State Party = Filipinas
|ID = 00159
|Region=APA
|Year=2008
|Session=ika-3
|List=Representante
}}

An '''''Darangen''''' sarong [[epikong rawitdawit]] kan [[Mga Maranao|Maranao]] gikan sa rona nin [[Danaw Lanao]] kan [[Mindanao]], [[Filipinas]]. Ini binibilog nin 17 siklo na may 72,000 na linya sa [[tetrametrong iyambiko]] o [[tetrametrong trotyaiko]] na [[katalektiko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Escueta |first1=Carla Michaela |title=Darangen, The Maranao Epic |url=https://ichcourier.ichcap.org/article/darangen-the-maranao-epic/ |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=ICH Courier Online |publisher=International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region under the auspices of UNESCO (ICHCAP) |archive-date=26 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226163043/https://ichcourier.ichcap.org/article/darangen-the-maranao-epic/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=17 March 2026 |archivedate=26 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226163043/https://ichcourier.ichcap.org/article/darangen-the-maranao-epic/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; An lambang siklo may kinaaraman sa sarong lain na istoryang may laog na sadiri. An pinakamidbid kaini iyo an manungod sa mga gibo kan bagonitan na si Bantugan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Saber&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Saber |first1=Mamitua |title=Darangen: The Epic of the Maranaws |journal=Philippine Sociological Review |date=1961 |volume=9 |issue=1/2 |pages=42–46 |jstor=43498156 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UniPro&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hudhud and Darangen: Voices from Pre-Colonial Philippines |url=https://www.unipronow.org/oldblog/hudhud-darangen-voices-pre-colonial-philippines |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=UniPro |publisher=Pilipino American Unity for Progress, Inc. (UniPro) |date=23 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2002, an ''Darangen'' pigdeklara bilang [[Nasyunal na Kayamanan Kultural kan Filipinas|Nasyunal na Kayamanan Kultural]] kan Filipinas kan [[Nasyunal na Museo kan Filipinas|Nasyunal na Museo]] asin sarong Probinsyal na Kayamanan kan gobyerno probinsyal kan [[Lanao del Sur]]. An epiko kan ''Darangen'' pigproklamar man bilang sarong [[Mga Obra Maestra kan Oral asin Dai Nahihiling na Pamana kan Katawohan|Obra Maestra kan Oral asin Dai Nahihiling na Pamana kan Katawohan]] kan 2005 kan [[Organisasyon sa Edukasyon, Siyensya asin Kultura kan Nasyones Unidas|UNESCO]] (nakasurat kan 2008). Ini an pinakahalawig na natadang [[Epikong rawitdawit sa Filipinas|epikong rawit-dawit sa Filipinas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Unesco&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Darangen epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?lg=en&amp;pg=00011&amp;RL=00159 |website=Intangible Cultural Heritage |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |access-date=27 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=UNESCO proclaims Maranao's Darangan epic as 'masterpiece of intangible heritage' |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2005/12/13/311974/unesco-proclaims-maranao146s-darangan-epic-145masterpiece-intangible-heritage146 |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=PhilStar Global |date=13 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ''Darangen'' boot sabihon na isaysay sa paagi nin pagkanta o pag-awit. An mga piniling parte kaini pigtutugtog kan mga lalaki asin babaeng parakanta sa panahon nin mga kasal asin selebrasyon (tradisyonal sa banggi), na parati may kaibang musika gikan sa mga pugro nin gong na ''[[kulintang]]'', mga tambol na ''Tambor'', asin mga instrumentong may kuwerdas na ''[[kudyapi]]''. Ini tradisyonal man na may kaibang nagkapirang bayle, na an lambang saro nag-interpretar nin mga partikular na pangyayari kan epiko. Depende sa parteng piggigibo, an pagganap pwedeng maglawig nin pirang oras sagkod sarong semana.&lt;ref name=&quot;LDS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Traditions and Festivals |url=https://lanaodelsur.gov.ph/tourism/traditions-and-festivals/ |website=Lanao de Sur |publisher=Province of Lanao de Sur, Republic of the Philippines |access-date=27 November 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercurio&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Mercurio |first1=Philip Dominguez |last2=Kalanduyan |first2=Danongan Sibay |title=Exhibit: Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines: ETHS 545 |url=http://pnoyandthecity.blogspot.com/2003/08/art-of-trickling.html |website=PnoyAndTheCity: A center for Kulintang - A home for Pasikings |access-date=27 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; An epiko naglalaog man kan mga [[sandangan]] o ley, sosyal na halaga, asin gawi-gawi kan mga Maranao bago an [[Islam sa Filipinas|pagbalyo kan mga Maranao sa Islam]] kan ika-14 siglo.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniPro&quot;/&gt;

==Ginikanan-ngaran==
An panagang ''Darangen'' literal na nangangaboot sabihon na &quot;iyan na isinasaysay sa paagi nin kanta o awit&quot; sa [[tataramon na Maranao]], gikan sa [[panhiro]]ng ''darang'' (&quot;magsaysay sa porma nin mga kanta o awit&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;dec&quot;/&gt;

==Ginikanan==
An ''Darangen'' orihinal na sarong purong pataram na tradisyon. An importansya kaini inot na namidbidan ni [[Frank Charles Laubach]], sarong [[Mga Amerikano|Amerikano]]ng [[misyonaryo]] asin paratukdo na nag-iirok kaidto sa [[Probinsya nin Lanao]]. Inot niyang nasabat ini kan Pebrero 1930 sa pagbyahe pabalik sa Lanao sakay nin baroto pagkatapos niyang mag-atender sa [[Karnabal sa Manila]]. Kaibanan niya an 35 na mga lider kan Maranao, an duwa sainda nagkanta nin (epikong) ''darangen'' ni Bantugan para sa duwang aldaw na pagbaklay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eugenio&quot;&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=Eugenio |editor1-first=Damiana L. |title=Philippine Folk Literature: An Anthology |date=2007 |publisher=University of the Philippines Press |isbn=9789715425360 |page=136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPj2HIYXjYgC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gowing&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Gowing |first1=Peter G. |title=The Legacy of Frank Charles Laubach |journal=International Bulletin of Missionary Research |date=April 1983 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=58–62 |doi=10.1177/239693938300700203 |s2cid=148905783 |url=http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1983-02/1983-02-058-gowing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724015541/http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1983-02/1983-02-058-gowing.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |access-date=2026-03-17 |archivedate=2020-07-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724015541/http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1983-02/1983-02-058-gowing.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pagkatapos na madangog an mga parte kan ''Darangen'', labi-labi an paghanga ni Laubach sa &quot;sustenido na kagayunan asin dignidad&quot; kan mga awit kaya tulos siyang nakipag-ulay sa mga Maranao na tataong magtaram nin manlain-lain na parte kaini. Itinaranskrip niya sinda sa ponetikong paagi gamit an makinilya. An saiyang pinakamarahay na gikanan iyo an nobleng si Panggaga Mohammad, na nagtabang man ki Laubach sa pagsurat kan mga epiko. Ilinadawan ni Laubach si Mohammad bilang sarong tawo na &quot;mas dakul an aram na mga awit na Maranao kisa sa ibang buhay na tawo.&quot; Ipinublikar ni Laubach an parte kan ''Darangen'' kan Nobyembre 1930 sa dyornal na ''Philippine Public Schools''. Ini an pinakainot na pagkakataon na an mga pataram na epiko naitala sa imprenta, asin ini man an pinakainot na pagkakataon na an [[tataramon na Maranao]] naipublikar sa [[Iskriturang Latino]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Eugenio&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Laubach&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Laubach |first1=Frank Charles |title=An Odyssey from Lanao |journal=Philippine Public Schools |date=1930 |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=359–373}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aguilar&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Aguilar |first1=Celedonio G. |title=Readings in Philippine Literature |date=1994 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712315640 |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=us1hhS5Q6EYC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote
|text=Pag-agi mo sa mga harong kan mga Maranaw kun banggi, madadangog mo sindang nag-aawit nin mga awit kan banwaan o nag-aawit nin mga rawitdawit na magayon asin kakaiba. Alagad huli sa kawaran nin sarong parasurat na Maranaw, an literaturang Maranaw nagdanay sa diklom para sa ibang mga tawo. Nagin sarong osipon na an ibang mga tribung Pilipino nadadangog sana sa mga bisita sa Lanao
|author=[[Frank Charles Laubach]]
|title=
|source=&lt;ref name=&quot;Madale&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Madale |first1=Abdullah T. |title=The Maranaws, Dwellers of the Lake |date=1997 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712321740 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xr8_P6mJ-ZIC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

An bersyon ni Laubach, alagad, bakong kompleto. An mas kumpletong bersyon kan huri pinagtipon kan mga modernong iskolar gikan sa Folklore Division kan Sentro nin Pagsaligsiunyan [[Unibersidad kan Estado nin Mindanao]] (ngonyan inaapod na Instituto nin Pagsaligsig asin Pagmukna kan Mamitua Saber) sa irarom kan pag-isponsor kan [[w:ja:トヨタ財団|Toyota Foundation]]. Sinda nagkolekta, nagtranskrip, asin nagpalis-taga nin manlain-lain na parte asin bersyon kan ''Darangen'' hali sa mga gurang na Maranao asin hali sa ''kirim'' (mga aklat-awiton na Maranao na sinurat sa kamot na isinurat sa [[alpabetong Jawi]]) sa laog nin sampulong taon. An bilog na epiko ipinublikar poon 1986 sagkod 1988 sa walong tomo, pareho sa orihinal na Maranao asin sa saindang mga traduksyon sa Ingles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ms&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Mamitua Saber Research Center |url=https://www.msumain.edu.ph/details.php/research-and-extension/the-mamitua-saber-research-center-formerly-university-research-center |website=The Official Website of Mindanao State University Main Campus |publisher=Mindanao State University Main Campus - Marawi |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127181857/https://www.msumain.edu.ph/details.php/research-and-extension/the-mamitua-saber-research-center-formerly-university-research-center |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacinto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Taro |title=Darangen: In Original Maranao Verses, with English Translation, Vo. 5 |journal=Asian Folklore Studies |date=1993 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=319–322 |url=https://asianethnology.org/downloads/ae/pdf/a756.pdf |access-date=2026-03-17 |archivedate=2025-01-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126233216/https://asianethnology.org/downloads/ae/pdf/a756.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Panlikod na Impormasyon==
An ''Darangen'' mayo nin sarong kagsurat, kundi sarong koleksyon nin mga osipon na ipinasa sa berbal sa henerasyon pasiring sa henerasyon. Igwa ining 72,000 na linya na nababanga sa 17 siklo (inaapod man na mga libro o episodio) sa [[tetrametrong iyambiko]] o [[tetrametrong trotyaiko]] na [[katalektiko]]. An lambang saro sa mga siklo pwedeng trataron bilang sarong independienteng istorya, alagad sinda gabos konektado nin sunod-sunod. An epiko nakarekord man sa arkaikong tataramon na Maranao, na dakula an pagkakaiba sa modernong kolokyal na bersyon kan Maranao.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;/&gt;

An ''Darangen'' pigmemorya kan saindang mga paratugtog. An mga ekspertong parakanta midbid bilang ''onor''. An epiko pinakaparateng inaawit sa oras nin banggi, sa panahon nin mga kasal (''kawing'') asin iba pang mga selebrasyon. Alagad pwede man ining gamiton na [[oyayi]] para sa mga aki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;/&gt;

An bilog na pag-awit kan bilog na epiko parati minaabot nin mga sarong semana. Minsan siring, sa modernong panahon, mas ordinaryo na an paggibo sana nin mga kabtang kan epiko, na sa parate minaabot nin pirang oras. An pag-awit o pagkanta komun na sinasabay nin mga bayle asin mga pasundayag musikal gamit an mga tradisyonal na instrumentong Maranao arog kan mga grupo nin gong na ''[[kulintang]]'', mga tambol na ''Tambor'', asin mga instrumentong may kwerdas na ''[[kudyapi]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;/&gt;

An ''Darangen'' naggigikan kan bago an pagkombertir kan [[mga tawong Maranaw]] sa Islam, asin kaya nagdedetalye kan mga tradisyonal na pre-Islamikong [[anito]] na mga relihiyon kan mga Maranao. An mga bagonitan sa epiko nagsasamba asin nakikipag-ulay sa manlain-lain na mga espiritu nin ginikanan asin parabantay (''[[anito|tonong]]'') asin mga espiritu nin naturalesa (''[[Anito|diwata]]''). Sarong halimbawa iyo an ''Batara-sa-Marudo'',&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Ihingulay sa [[Bathala]]&lt;/ref&gt; sarong espiritu nin naturalesa na may kakayahan na magpabagsak nin mga baha asin bagyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Saber&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;/&gt;

==Lugar==
An ''Darangen'' igwa nin nagkapirang lokalidad, alagad an mayor na lugar iyo an dakulang siyudad nin Bembaran (na pigbibiaba man na Bumbaran o Bembran),&lt;ref group=&quot; note&quot;&gt;An banwaan nin Bumbaran (modernong [[Amai Manabilang]]) kan [[Lanao del Sur]] ipinangaran sa mitolohikong Bembaran kan taon 1977&lt;/ref&gt; pinamamayuhan kan mayor na bagonitan kan epiko, si Prinsipe Bantugan. Ilinadawan ini na harani sa sarong dakulang salog. An pangaran kan syudad nangangaboot sabihon na &quot;[an lugar kan] pagsirang kan saldang&quot; (i.e. &quot;sirangan&quot;), asin bisto man bilang Tangkal a Baaraantakan, na may kaparehong kabootan. Inaapod man ini kun minsan na Mimbalas , boot sabihon &quot;an lugar kun sain minabalyo an sarong salog&quot;. Dai na daa ini nag-eeksister ta ini na-enkanto asin naglubog sa irarom kan dagat. Sa epiko, an Bembaran pigladawan na pigtogdas ni Diwata Ndaw Gibbon, an lolo ni Prinsipe Bantugan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Saber&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dec&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Oral Traditions and Expressions, Including Language |chapter=Darangen Epic Chant |publisher=ICHCAP, UNESCO |pages=37–38 |chapter-url=https://www.ichcap.org/kor/ek/sub3/pdf_file/domain1/014_Darangen_Epic_Chant.pdf |access-date=27 November 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maruhom&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Maruhom |first1=Sahria |title=Sagayan: The Dance of Meranao Royalty |journal=JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research |date=21 October 2013 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=104–115 |doi=10.7719/jpair.v14i1.238|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; An Bembaran igwa nin satelayt na siyudad-estado kan Gadongan (literal na &quot;bodega&quot;), bisto man bilang Gadongan Pamaoy o Kodarangan a Lena (&quot;na-petripido o na-enkantado na giyaw-berde&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;Maruhom&quot;/&gt;

Itinatampok man kaini an makapangyarihan na syudad nin Kadaraan sa Ndlaw (bisto man sa apod na Kadaraan Sandaw, Kadaraan, o Kadaan), na literal na &quot;[an lugar kan] pagsolnop kan saldang&quot; (i.e. &quot;solnopan&quot;). Sinda an mga tradisyonal na kalaban kan Bembaran asin an darakulang ralaban sa Darangen yaon sa pag-ultanan ninda. Ilinaladawan sinda na nag-aatake sa mga kataraid na syudad-estado sa paagi kan dagat, gamit an saindang dakulang armada nin mga barko. An mga tagapamahala kan Kadaraan asin Bembaran gikan sa sarong ginikanan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maruhom&quot;/&gt;

An epiko nagliliwanag man kan mga inter-etnikong relasyon kan mga tawong Maranao. Nasambit ninda an [[mga Manobo|Manobo]], an mga taga-bukid, asin an &quot;Samar&quot; ([[mga Sama-Bajau|Sama-Bajau]]), an mga taga-dagat, nin dakol na beses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;/&gt;

==Sumaryo==
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 1&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Paganay Kiyandató''''' (&quot;An Enot na Namamayo&quot;) - nagtutukar kan pagmukna kan syudad (''iliyan'') kan Bembaran ni Diwata Ndaw Gibon (na pigbabaybay man na Diwatandao Gibon), sarong makapangyarihan na bayani na namundag na may kambal na espiritu (''tonong'') Pinatolá a Tonong.&lt;ref name=&quot;v1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Coronel |first1=Maria Delia |last2=Cali |first2=Hadji Lawa |title=Darangen: In Original Maranao Verse, with English Translation |date=1986 |publisher=Folklore Division, University Research Center, Mindanao State University |location=Marawi |isbn=9789711110338 |volume=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 2&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Kambembaran''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Bembaran&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;v1&quot;/&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 3&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Kapmadali''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Madali&quot;) - nagtutukar kan pagsakop kan Danalima a Rogong ni Prinsipe Madali kan Bembaran&lt;ref name=&quot;v1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;/&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 4&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Kapaesandalan a Morog sa Iliyan a Bembaran''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Pasandalan a Morog in Iliyan a Bembaran&quot;)
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 5&lt;/small&gt;:
:*'''''Kapagondoga''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Mga Nakukulgan na Pagmati&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Darangun i Dato Diampoan sa Ramain a Kapagondoga |location=Dansalan, Lanao |publisher=Madrasa ko Ranar |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=philamer;idno=AQQ5238.0001.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;v2&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Coronel |first1=Maria Delia |last2=Cali |first2=Hadji Lawa |title=Darangen: In Original Maranao Verse, with English Translation |date=1987 |publisher=Folklore Division, University Research Center, Mindanao State University |location=Marawi |volume=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:*'''''Kaplombayawan a Lena''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Lombayawan a Lena&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;v2&quot;/&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 6&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;ref name=&quot;v3&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Coronel |first1=Maria Delia |last2=Cali |first2=Hadji Lawa |title=Darangen: In Original Maranao Verse, with English Translation |date=1988 |publisher=Folklore Division, University Research Center, Mindanao State University |location=Marawi |volume=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:*'''''Paramata Gandingan''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Paramata Gandingan&quot;) - nagtutukar kan pag-ilusyon ni Paramata Gandingan kan Komara ni Prinsipe Bantugan kan Bembaran&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;/&gt;
:*'''''Alongan Pisaeyanan''''' (&quot;An Istorya kan Alongan Pisaeyanan&quot;)
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 7&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;ref name=&quot;v4&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Coronel |first1=Maria Delia |last2=Cali |first2=Hadji Lawa |title=Darangen: In Original Maranao Verse, with English Translation |date=1990 |publisher=Folklore Division, University Research Center, Mindanao State University |location=Marawi |isbn=9789711110512 |volume=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:*'''''Kaplomna''''' - midbid man sa ''Kiyasugo a Ki Lomna''
:*'''''Kormatan Borodan'''''
:*'''''Minirigi a Rogong'''''
:*'''''Kaploboway'''''
:*'''''Kiyatidawa i Lomna go so Ikadaraan'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 8&lt;/small&gt;: '''''So Kiyaprawa'a Ko Lawanen''''' (&quot;An Pagdukot ki Lawanen&quot;) - midbid man sa ''Kapmabaning'' (&quot;An Istorya kan Mabaning&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;v3&quot;/&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 9&lt;/small&gt;: 
:*'''''Saolaya'a'''''
:*'''''Paramata Selegen'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 10&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Pangensayan a Rogong'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 11&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Bagombayan a Lena'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 12&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Taratakan a Oray'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 13&lt;/small&gt;:
:*'''''Sandalinayan Sirig sa Minilalansay Lena'''''
:*'''''Kangginaasan a Oray'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 14&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Kap Minango'aw a Rogong'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 15&lt;/small&gt;: 
:*'''''Kapmaginar'''''
:*'''''Kapnataengkoban a Ragat'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 16&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Kaprinandang'''''
*&lt;small&gt;SIKLO 17&lt;/small&gt;: '''''Kiyandató i Sayana sa Kormara'''''

==Mga bayle==
[[File:Parangal Dance Co. performing Sagayan at 14th AF-AFC 07.JPG|thumb|Sarong lalaki na nagtutugtog nin [[Sagayan]] sa ika-14 na Taon na Fil-Am Friendship Celebration sa [[Syudad nin Daly]], [[California]]]]
An mga bayle na asosyado sa ''Darangen'' kabali an minasunod:
*''[[Kaganat sa Darangen]]'' - Bayle na naglaladawan kan paglakbay ni Prinsipe Lomna pasiring sa Gindolongan, tanganing magproponer nin kasal sa ngaran kan saiyang ama. An boot sabihon kaini &quot;Magtindog hale sa Darangen&quot; asin may kaibang magagayon na hiro kan mga moro asin tabay na may mga kayab.&lt;ref name=&quot;LDS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Casanova&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Casanova |first1=Arthur P. |title=Diksyunaryo sa Drama at Teatro |date=2001 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712330841 |page=326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQgxxjMu9FEC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kaganat sa Darangan |url=https://www.dancepinoy.com/2009/04/kaganat-sa-darangan.html |website=DancePinoy |access-date=28 November 2019 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128092756/https://www.dancepinoy.com/2009/04/kaganat-sa-darangan.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Sagayan]]'' - Sarong bayle sa gera na nag-aakto kan pag-andam ni Prinsipe Bantugan para sa ralaban. Midbid man sa apod na ''Kasagyan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madale&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LDS&quot; /&gt;
*''[[Singkil]]'' - Sarong bayle na imbwelto an duwang padis nin nag-iiwal na kawayan. An pangaran kan bayle gikan sa mga singsing sa buol na isinusulot kan panginot na babayeng parabayle. Ini nag-iilustrar kan pagdukot ki Prinsesa Gandingan asin an saiyang pagligtas ni Prinsipe Bantugan. Midbid man sa apod na ''Kasingkil'' o ''Kasayaw sa Singkil''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Traditional Dance Of Lanao Del Sur, On The Spotlight In Teleserye Wildflower |url=https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/history-and-culture/5772/wildflower-maja-salvador-singkil-lanao-del-sur |website=ChoosePhilippines |access-date=28 November 2019 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128092756/https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/history-and-culture/5772/wildflower-maja-salvador-singkil-lanao-del-sur |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga modernong pag-adaptar==
An siklo nin Bantugan kan ''Darangen'' pig-adaptar sa pagsagibo nin balet na ''Darangen ni Bantugan'' kan [[Teatro nin Balet kan Filipinas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Barbers&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Barbers |first1=Baron |title='Darangen,' notable Philippine Ballet Theatre production of 2018 |url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/319544/darangen-notable-philippine-ballet-theatre-production-of-2018/ |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=31 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacinto&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Jacinto |first1=Joelle Florence Patrice |title=A universal embodiment of the hero: translating the ''Darangen'' as a ballet |journal=Journal of English Studies and Comparative Literature |date=2016 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |url=https://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/jescl/article/view/6217 |access-date=2026-03-17 |archivedate=2024-02-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228123009/https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/jescl/article/view/6217 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pagpreserbar==
An pagpreserbar kan ''Darangen'' napapaatubang sa nagkapirang angat. An nagkapirang modernong Maranao na mga lider relihiyosong Islamiko nagkokontra sa mga bakong Islamikong tema kan ''Darangen''. An ibang mga modernong rebisyon hinale an mga pagsambit kan ''tonong'' asin ''diwata'' entero. An nagkapirang gurang na mga parakanta nin ''Darangen'' nagsayuma na magkanta kan mga bersyon na ini huli ta ini pigtutubodan na bakong tunay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacinto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Escueta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;/&gt; An paggamit kan suanoy na Maranao sa ''Darangen'' minagibo man kaini na bakong madaling maabot kan mga modernong parataram nin Maranao, na nagdadara sa pagbaba kan interes kan mga modernong hobenes na Maranao. An ibang bersyon lumang marhay na an mga parakanta sana an nakakasabot kan mga tataramon na ginamit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miura&quot;/&gt; Nagbabawas man an bilang kan mga tataong magtugtog nin mga instrumento arog kan ''kulintang'' asin ''kudyapi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniPro&quot;/&gt;

==Hilingon man==
*[[Epikong rawitdawit sa Filipinas]]
*''[[Maharadia Lawana]]''
*''[[Biag ni Lam-Ang]]''
*''[[Hinilawod]]''

==Mga tala==
{{Reflist|group=note|40em}}

==Mga toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VzzhNkbjgg The Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao], UNESCO
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmRyxWwdg5Q&amp;feature=emb_logo Paganay Kiyandatu Cycle], chanted by Sinar Capal in the Epikong-Bayan Conference 2018
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROqbx9VptlA Kapagondoga Cycle], National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines

{{poon}}
[[Kategorya:Rawitdawit sa Filipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Mga epikong rawitdawit]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Pambansang Yaman Kultural kan Filipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Dai Nahihiling na Pamana Kultural kan Katawohan]]</text>
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    <title>Pip Adam</title>
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      <text bytes="5152" sha1="a9ro3c710jzuik6pulqd8u38ypn5pgq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer|name=Pip Adam|honorific_prefix=|honorific_suffix=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Christchurch]], New Zealand|death_date=|death_place=|resting_place=|occupation=Author and tutor|alma_mater=[[Victoria University of Wellington]]|genre=Fiction|notableworks=''Everything We Hoped For'', ''I’m Working On A Building'', ''The New Animals'', ''Nothing To See''|awards=NZSA Hubert Church Best First Book Award for Fiction, New Generation Award, [[Acorn Foundation Fiction Prize]]|website={{url|pipadam.com}}}}

Si '''Pip Adam''' sarong nobelista, parasurat nin halipot na istorya, asin parabalik sa New Zealand.

== Background ==
Si Adam namundag sa Christchurch, New Zealand. Nag-adal siya sa New Zealand Film and Television School sa Christchurch bago nagbalyo sa Dunedin. Si Adam igwa nin MA sa Library and Information Studies asin MA sa creative writing gikan sa Victoria University of Wellington. Kan 2012 natapos niya an saiyang PhD, gikan man sa Victoria University, na pinamamahalaan ni Damien Wilkins.

Si Adam nakaistar kaiba an saiyang kapadis, si Brent McIntyre, asin sarong lalaki, si Bo Adam, sa  Wellington . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mga gibo ==
Si Adam napublikar sa mga journal sa literatura kabali ''an Overland'' (2015), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://overland.org.au/author/pip-adam/|title=Pip Adam}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''takahē'' (2014), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.takahe.org.nz/t81/|title=takahē 81 – April 2014|accessdate=2026-03-28|archivedate=2020-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127173334/http://www.takahe.org.nz/t81/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Fire Dials'' (2014),  ''Sport'' (2008–2014), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportmagazine.co.nz/past-issues/sport-44-contributors/pip-adam|title=Pip Adam|accessdate=2026-03-28|archivedate=2026-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413031015/http://sportmagazine.co.nz/past-issues/sport-44-contributors/pip-adam}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Landfall'' (2009, 2010), asin ''Hue &amp; Cry'' (2007–2013). &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Si Adam sarong pararepaso nin libro sa palabas ni [[:en:Jesse_Mulligan|Jesse Mulligan]] na ipinapalabas sa [[:en:Radio_New_Zealand|Radio New Zealand]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018622436/book-critic-pip-adam|title=Book critic Pip Adam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya man an nag-host kan Better off Read podcast. 

An retratista na si Ann Shelton ginamit sa pagsurat ni Adan sa saiyang pagrorogaring kan 2015 House Work: sarong proyekto manongod sa harong.

Nagtukdo si Adam nin pan-entablado na pagsusurat sa Victoria University of Wellington, Massey Uni asin sa Whitirea New Zealand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thearts.co.nz/artists/pip-adam|title=Pip Adam|date=26 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaiba an Write Kun sain Ka kolektibong grupo, nagtukdo siya nin pagsurat sa Arota Women's Prison.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.anzliterature.com/member/pip-adam/|title=Pip Adam}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siya nanombrahan na Creative New Zealand Writers in Residence para sa 2021 sa TeHenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington's International Institute of Modern Letters. Kan Pebrero 2023 ibinareta na an The New Animals ipigpublikar sa USA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Braunias|first1=Steve|title=Kirsten goes to London|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/kirsten-goes-to-london|accessdate=7 February 2023|journal=Newsroom|date=7 February 2023|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga Premyo ==
An ''Everything We Hoped For'' nangana kan NZSA Hubert Church Best First Book Award para sa Fiction sa 2011 New Zealand Post Book Awards .  

Nakaresibi man si Adan kan New Generation Award sa 2012 Maquarte Private Wealth Nueva Zealand Arts Awards hali sa Artes Foundation of New Zelandia asin paradalagan sya kan 2007 Sunday Star Times Short Story Comphamtion.

''An New Animals'' nanggana kan pinakahalangkaw na premyo sa fiction kan New Zealand, an Acorn Foundation Fiction Prize para sa 2018  asin ''an Nothing to See'' napili para sa parehong premyo kan 2021. 

''Audition'' was shortlisted for the Jann Medlicott Acorn Prize for Fiction at the 2024 Ockham New Zealand Book Awards.

''An audition'' nagin longlist para sa 2025 International Dublin Literary Award . 

== Bibliograpiya ==

=== Mga Nobela ===

* ''I'm Working on a Building'' (2013)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
* ''The New Animals'' (2017)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://vup.victoria.ac.nz/the-new-animals/|title=The New Animals|last=Adam|first=Pip|publisher=Victoria University Press|year=2017|isbn=9781776561162}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nothing to See'' (2020)
* ''Audition'' (2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Harmon|date=2023-07-05|title='Exciting', 'bold', 'laugh out loud': the best Australian books out in July|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/jul/05/exciting-bold-laugh-out-loud-the-best-australian-books-out-in-july}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Koleksyon nin halipot na istorya ===

* ''Everything We Hoped For'' (2010)

== Mga Reperensya ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==

* [https://pipadam.podbean.com/ Better off Read] podcast
* Pip Adam on Twitter

{{tamboan}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Adam, Pip}}
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ana Maria Villanueva-Lykes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3319" sha1="625k37xgvxs3xegi4db346dp6ctjrnn" xml:space="preserve">== '''Ana Maria Villanueva-Lykes''' ==
Si Ana Maria Villanueva- Lykes sarong parasurat, nobelista, retratista asin editor na may Master of Fine Arts degree sa creative writing gikan sa De La Salle University. Siya an dating editor in chief kan AsianTraveler Magazine asin sarong dating kolumnista sa pagbiyahe para sa the Tribune kan Oklahoma City. Pakalihis nin dakul na taon nin pag-eksplorar kan kinaban, sa katapustapusi nagpuli siya sa Hanover tanganing magsurat manungod sa kadakol na mga anting-anting kan Pennsylvania. &lt;ref name=one&gt;Villanueva-Lykes, A. (2022, December 28). Ana Villanueva-Lykes. https://celebrategettysburg.com/author/ana-gburg/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421172820/https://celebrategettysburg.com/author/ana-gburg/ |date=2026-04-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Biograpiya''' ==
sarong Filipinong kontemporaryong parasurat, editor, asin retratista na bisto sa saiyang trabaho sa peryodismo asin fiction. Nagbalyo siya sa kinaban nin literatura pagkatapos na enot na mag-adal nin teknolohiya, na bantog na nagsasabi na siya &quot;nanodan nguna an tataramon kan mga makina&quot; bago nakabisado an &quot;tataramon na nagsasamba sa mga tataramon&quot;. &lt;ref name=two&gt;Protected, E. (2020, December 4). Morals from Miles Traveled. The Utopian Life. https://theutopianlife.com/2014/12/10/morals-miles-traveled/#:~:text=In%20the%20Philippines%2C%20it's%20kilawin,a%20doctorate%20in%20potty%20training.&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Karera''' ==
*Peryodismo: An saiyang karera sa peryodismo nagpoon labing 15 taon na an nakaagi sa Philippine Daily Inquirer, kun saen siya nagdadanay na sarong paraambag.

*Editor &amp; Kolumnista: Nagserbi siya bilang sarong kolumnista sa pagbiyahe asin editor nin magasin, kaiba an trabaho para sa Rektikano Magazine.

*Creative Writing: Midbid siya sa mga akademikong sirkulo bilang sarong representanteng parasurat kan ika-21 siglo gikan sa National Capital Region (NCR).

*Edukasyon: Igwa siyang Bachelor's degree sa Computer Science gikan sa De La Salle University asin sarong Master's sa Creative Writing.

== '''Mga Pambihirang Gibo asin Kontribusyon''' ==
*'''Pagsurat''': Sarong mahiwas na ipinublikar na nobelista asin parasurat nin halipot na istorya, an saiyang mga obra parateng nag-eeksplorar nin mga tema nin pagigin ina, pagbiyahe, asin koneksyon nin tawo.

*'''Pagsasanay sa Korporasyon''': Lampas sa mga paghanap nin mga bagay, siya sarong paratukdo asin paratokdo nin tataramon para sa mga organisasyon arog kan Embahada kan Canada, Petron Philippines, asin Meralco, na nag-espesyalisar sa teknikal asin pagsurat sa negosyo.

*'''Pagtaram sa Publiko''': Siya itinampok bilang sarong bisitang parataram asin parakontribwir para sa manlaen-laen na mga festival asin publikasyon, kabali an Celebrate Gettysburg. &lt;ref name=three&gt;Hendricks, K. (2022, April 27). Our contributors. Celebrate Hanover. https://celebratehanover.com/contact/our-contributors/#:~:text=Ana%20Villanueva%2DLykes.%20Ana%20Maria%20Villanueva%2D%20Lykes%20is,editor%2C%20wife%2C%20mother%2C%20and%20lover%20of%20life {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260211132940/https://celebratehanover.com/contact/our-contributors/#:~:text=Ana%20Villanueva%2DLykes.%20Ana%20Maria%20Villanueva%2D%20Lykes%20is,editor%2C%20wife%2C%20mother%2C%20and%20lover%20of%20life |date=2026-02-11 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reperensiya ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alexandra Eala</title>
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      <text bytes="12261" sha1="b3dc6px2lz7ro0ybj5ojjalrhco6j9m" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alex Eala (2024 US Open) 02 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Alex Eala]]
Si '''Alexandra &quot;Alex&quot; Maniego Eala{{Efn|1=**Pagbigkas sa Filipino:** /ɛˈjalɐ/  
- **/ɛ/** = **eh** arog sa *ehersisyo*  
- **/ˈja/** = **ya** na may diin, arog sa *yakap*  
- **/l/** = **l** arog sa *liwanag*  
- **/ɐ/** = **uh/ah** na maikli, arog sa hulíng tunog kan *bata*  
- Binibigkas bilang **eh-YA-lah**}}''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005 sa Lungsod nin Quezon) sarong Pilipinang propesyonal na parasali sa tenis. Naabot niya an ika-20 na ranggo sa kinaban huli sa WTA kan Agosto 4, 2026, an pinakamataas na ranggo na naabot nin sarong Pilipino.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Naredo |first=Camille B. |date=August 4, 2026 |title=Alex Eala turns back Pegula, makes history with DC Open title |work=ABS CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/8/4/tennis-mubadala-dc-open-alex-eala-jessica-pegula-final-result-0059 |access-date=August 4, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagwagi siya nin mga junior Grand Slam titles: doubles sa Australian Open 2020 asin French Open 2021, asin singles sa US Open 2022. Sa ITF circuit, nakapagtala siya nin limang titulo sa singles asin tatlong titulo sa doubles.&lt;ref name=&quot;WTAEALAProf&quot; /&gt;

Sa professional career, nagpoon siyang magpartisipar sa mga Grand Slam kan 2023 asin nakapasok sa main draw kan 2025. Kan 2025, nakaabot siya sa semifinal kan Miami Open asin final kan Eastbourne Open. Kan 2026, nakamit niya an enot na WTA 500 title sa Washington DC Open, asin nagdugang nin duwang WTA 125 titles sa Guadalajara asin Birmingham. An pinakamagayon na resulta niya sa Grand Slam iyo an ikaapat na round kan Wimbledon 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;WTAEALAProf&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ladawan:Ealas_and_Patrick_Gregorio_(cropped_Alexandra_Eala).jpg|alt=Si Alex Eala sa SEA Gam3s 2025|sentro|334x334px]]
|-
| Pangaran || Alexandra Eala
|-
| Bug-os na pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala
|-
| Nasyon || Filipinas
|-
| Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005
|-
| Lugar nin pagkatawo || Quezon City, Filipinas
|-
| Ka-taasan || 1.75 m
|-
| Nagpro || Marso 2020
|-
| Estilo nin pagdulag || Ka-iwa (duwang kamot na backhand)
|-
| Coach || Joan Bosch
|-
| Premyo sa karera || US$2,901, 015
|-
| Singles record || 229/135
|-
| Singles titles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF
|-
| Pinaka-taas na singles ranking || No. 20 (Agosto 4, 2026)
|-
| Kasalukuyang singles ranking || No. 20 (Agosto 4, 2026)
|-
| Doubles record || 49-49
|-
| Doubles titles || 3 ITF
|-
| Pinaka-taas na doubles ranking || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026)
|-
| Kasalukuyang doubles ranking || No. 131 (Agosto 4, 2026)
|-
| Australian Open (Singles) || 1R (2026)
|-
| French Open (Singles) || 1R (2025, 2026)
|-
| Wimbledon (Singles) || 4R (2026)
|-
| US Open (Singles) || 2R (2025)
|-
| Australian Open (Doubles) || 1R (2026)
|-
| French Open (Doubles) || 2R (2025)
|-
| Wimbledon (Doubles) || 1R (2025, 2026)
|-
| Huring update || Agosto 4, 2026
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Medalya 
|-
| SEA Games || 
* Ginto – 2025 Thailand (Isahan)  
* Bronse – 2025 Thailand (Team)  
* Bronse – 2025 Thailand (Halu-halong pares)  
* Bronse – 2021 Vietnam (Isahan)  
* Bronse – 2021 Vietnam (Halu-halong pares)  
* Bronse – 2021 Vietnam (Team)
|-
| Asian Games || 
* Bronse – 2022 Hangzhou (Isahan)  
* Bronse – 2022 Hangzhou (Halu-halong pares)
|}

== Karera ==
=== Mga Juniors ===
Si Eala nagdaog sa Les Petits As kan 2018,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 28, 2018|title=Lilov &amp; Eala win at Les Petits As|url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/news/117748/Lilov-Eala-win-at-Les-Petits-As|access-date=May 31, 2026|website=Tennis Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt; nagdaog nin Orange Bowl doubles&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 17, 2019|title=Better chemistry sparked teen tennis star Alex Eala's win at Orange Bowl Doubles|url=https://www.spin.ph/life/guide/alex-eala-caps-off-2019-with-orange-bowl-doubles-title-a2442-20191217|access-date=May 31, 2026|website=Spin.ph}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin dalawahan na junior Grand Slam doubles titles sa Australian Open 2020 asin French Open 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Go|first=Beatrice Lauren|date=January 31, 2020|title=Alex Eala wins first juniors Grand Slam title in 2020 Australian Open|url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/250682-australian-open-junior-doubles-finals-game-results-alex-eala-priska-nugroho-january-31-2020/|access-date=January 31, 2020|website=Rappler|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=June 12, 2021|title=Alex Eala, Selekhmeteva crowned 2021 French Open girls doubles champions|url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-oksana-selekhmeteva-2021-french-open-juniors-girls-doubles-champions/|access-date=May 31, 2026|website=Rappler}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 2022, siya an enot na Filipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open.&lt;ref name=&quot;WTAEALAProf&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=WTA Official: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches |access-date=October 5, 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=September 11, 2022|title=History for PH as Alex Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown|url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/|access-date=May 31, 2026|website=Rappler}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Alex Eala (2024 US Open) 02 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|260px|Si Alex Eala sa 2024 US Open]]
=== Propesyonal na Karera ===
Kan 2020–2023, hinay-hinay siyang nagtukod nin propesyonal na karera sa ITF asin WTA, nagdaog nin mga titulo sa Yecla asin Roehampton, asin nakasulod sa WTA top 200 kan 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;it&quot; /&gt;

Kan 2024, nagkompetensya siya sa Grand Slams asin WTA, nagdaog nin enot niyang dakulang ITF singles title sa Vitoria-Gasteiz,&lt;ref name=&quot;it&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Eala ITF titles|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/titles/#pprofile-info-tabs|publisher=ITF Tennis|access-date=October 5, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin tulo na doubles titles kaiba si [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].&lt;ref name=&quot;dt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Eala ITF doubles titles|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/d/titles/|access-date=October 5, 2025|website=ITF tennis}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2025, Nagkaigwa siya nin breakthrough season: semifinal sa Miami Open,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Futterman|first=Matthew|date=March 28, 2025|title=Alexandra Eala's wild run in Miami comes to an end in semifinals loss to Jessica Pegula|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6237760/2025/03/28/alexandra-eala-miami-open-semifinals/|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726113931/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6237760/2025/03/28/alexandra-eala-miami-open-semifinals/|archive-date=July 26, 2025|access-date=September 1, 2025|url-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt; final sa Eastbourne,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Clarito|first=Ariel Ian|title=Alex Eala comes inches short in heartbreaking final as Maya Joint rules Eastbourne Open|url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-match-results-alex-eala-maya-joint-wta-eastbourne-open-final-june-28-2025/|date=June 28, 2025|access-date=June 28, 2025|work=Rappler}}&lt;/ref&gt; enot na Grand Slam main‑draw win sa US Open,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46065849/alexandra-eala-upsets-clara-tauson-us-open-becoming-first-player-philippines-win-major-match|title=Eala upsets Tauson at US Open; 1st from Philippines to win major match|publisher=ESPN|date=August 24, 2025|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=August 25, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin enot na challenger title sa Guadalajara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=September 7, 2025|title=Alex Eala wins first WTA singles title with comeback victory at Guadalajara 125 Open|url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/35361/alex-eala-wins-first-wta-singles-title-with-comeback-victory-at-guadalajara-125-open|url-status=|work=One Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907061736/https://www.onesports.ph/more-sports/article/35361/alex-eala-wins-first-wta-singles-title-with-comeback-victory-at-guadalajara-125-open|archive-date=September 7, 2025|access-date=September 7, 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakasulod siya sa world’s top 50.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Morales|first=Luisa|date=November 3, 2025|title=Alex Eala enters WTA Top 50 to culminate 2025 season|url=https://www.onesports.ph/more-sports/article/37635/alex-eala-enters-wta-top-50-to-culminate-2025-season|website=One Sports|access-date=November 3, 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals nin Auckland, quarterfinals nin Abu Dhabi asin Dubai, asin ikaapat na round nin Indian Wells asin Miami.  Sa Wimbledon, tinalo niya si Iga Świątek bago natalo sa ikaapat na round—enot na Pilipino na nakaabot sa yugtong iyan.  Nagwagi siya sa Washington Open (WTA 500) laban ki Pegula, naging enot na Pilipino na igwa nin WTA title, asin umakyat sa No. 20 sa pandaigdigang ranggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WTA-profile2&quot; /&gt;  Sa Canadian Open, nakaabot siya sa ikaapat na round nin singles kun sain natalo ki Bencic, asin na-eliminate sa enot na round nin doubles kaiba si Williams.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Eala's Toronto run ends in Round of 16 as Bencic snaps seven-match win streak|url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/49572152/alex-eala-toronto-run-ends-round-16-belinda-bencic-snaps-seven-match-win-streak|access-date=August 10, 2026|website=ESPN.ph|date=August 10, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Wildcard Eala-Venus duo seen off in Canadian Open doubles|url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/wildcard-eala-venus-duo-seen-off-in-canadian-open-doubles-a6035-20260807|access-date=August 7, 2026|website=Spin.ph|date=August 7, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;


===Pambansang Representasyon===
[[File:Alex Eala (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Si Eala na may bronze medals sa 2021 SEA Games]]

Si Eala nagrepresentar kan Pilipinas sa iba’t ibang torneo. Nakua niya an bronze sa singles, team, asin mixed doubles sa 2021 SEA Games,{{Efn|Na-postpone sa 2022 huli sa COVID-19 pandemic.}} asin bronze liwat sa singles asin mixed doubles sa 2022 Asian Games.{{Efn|Na-postpone sa 2023 huli sa COVID-19 pandemic.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |work=Rappler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya an Team Philippines sa Billie Jean King Cup, nagdaog nin 5–0 sweep asin na-promote sa Group II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |work=One Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dai siya nakaapod sa national squad noong 2025 asin 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=June 10, 2025 |title=Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup |work=ABS-CBN News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=June 22, 2026 |title=Philippine BJK Cup team returns home after historic Group I promotion |work=ABS-CBN News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa 2025 SEA Games sa Thailand, nagdaog siya nin gold sa singles, asin bronze sa mixed doubles asin team events.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH |work=Philippine Inquirer}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Nakua niya an team medal maski dai naglalaro, kaiba sinda Rivera, Milliam, Madis, asin Aludo.}}
==Mga pananda==
{{notelist}}

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==

[[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala sa Tagalog Wikipedia]]

[[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala sa English Wikipedia]]

[https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&amp;f=v1 Alexandra Eala's sa Tennis Abstract]

[https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Pahinang opisyal  ni Alex Eala sa Instagram]

[https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Pahinang opisyal sa WTA ni Alex Eala]

[https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Pahinang opisyal sa ITF Women’s World Tennis ni Alex Eala]

[https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alex Eala sa Fandom (sa wikang ingles)]

[https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/AlexEalaMatches Mga listahan ng torneo ni Alex Eala sa Fandom (sa wikang ingles)]

[[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong atleta sa tenis]]
[[Kategorya:Mga babaeng Filipino sa isports nin tennis]]
[[Kategorya:Mga parakawat tennis sa kinaban]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Grand Slam na resipeyente sa kinaban]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Allison Randal</title>
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      <text bytes="6435" sha1="8qg7dqceo0w92iic8fnv5a0r5kgal05" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|American computer scientist}}

{{distinguish|Allison Randall}}

{{Infobox person
|name=Allison Randal
|image=Allison Randal.jpg
|known_for=[[Perl]], [[Parrot virtual machine|Parrot]]
|employer=[[SUSE S.A.|SUSE]]
|occupation=[[Programmer]], [[Kagsurat]]
}}

Si '''Allison Randal''' sarong software developer asin kagsurat. Siya an pangenot na arkitekto kan [[Parrot virtual machine]], sarong miyembro kan hunta nin mga direktor para sa [[The Perl Foundation]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.perlfoundation.org/who_s_who|title=The Perl Foundation|website=www.perlfoundation.org|access-date=2008-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090402/http://www.perlfoundation.org/who_s_who|archive-date=2011-05-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong direktor kan [[Python Software Foundation]] poon 2010 sagkod 2012,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=History of PSF Officers and Directors|url=https://www.python.org/psf/records/board/history/#allison-randal|website=Python Software Foundation|access-date=25 May 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;an pamayo kan [[Parrot Foundation]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.parrotasin.org/foundation|title=Foundation - Parrot VM|website=www.parrot.org}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Siya man an nangengenot na developer kan [[Punie]], an port kan Perl 1 pasiring sa Parrot. Siya an co-author kan [http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/059600737X/ Perl 6 asin Parrot Essentials] asin an[https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103918/http://perlcabal.org/syn/  Mga sinopsis] kan Perl 6. Siya nagtatrabaho sa [[O'Reilly Media]]. Poon Agosto 2010 sagkod Pebrero 2012, si Randal iyo an Teknikal na Arkitekto kan Ubuntu sa [[Canonical Ltd|Canonical]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allisonrandal.com/2010/08/20/ubuntu-ta-intro/|title=New Job, New Blog|date=20 August 2010|website=allisonrandal.com|access-date=25 August 2010|archive-date=28 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228024456/http://allisonrandal.com/2010/08/20/ubuntu-ta-intro/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=LinkedIn&gt;{{cite web|last=Randal|first=Allison|title=Allison Randal: Open Source Strategist|url=http://www.linkedin.com/in/allisonrandal|publisher=LinkedIn|access-date=23 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Allison Randal |url=https://codesync.global/speaker/allison-randal/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Code Sync |language=en |archive-date=2026-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123132810/https://www.codesync.global/speaker/allison-randal/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Sirangan na Aprika, nagpoon si Allison kan saiyang karera bilang sarong linggwista sa pagsiyasat, na nag-aanalisar kan natural na mga tataramon. Sa kahurihurihi nagbalyo siya sa pag-adal nin mga artipisyal na tataramon. An saiyang buhay sa pagtrabaho kabali an mga kawat sa edukasyon, mga kasangkapan sa pag-analisar nin tataramon, imprastraktura sa e-commerce, mga compiler, hypervisor, mga sistema nin pagkopya nin database, automation nin pag-deploy, mga aplikasyon sa mobile, asin mga teknolohiya sa smart-home na may boses. Sa laog kan saiyang karera, siya nag-espesyalisar sa pambihirang pag-integrar nin mga sistema, teknolohiya, asin tataramon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kan 2009, si Randal iyo an pamayo kan O'Reilly's [[O'Reilly Open Source Convention|Open Source Convention (OSCON)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://radar.oreilly.com/allison|title=Allison Randal|website=O'Reilly Radar|access-date=2013-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427221148/http://radar.oreilly.com/allison|archive-date=2016-04-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya napili bilang sarong katapo kan [[Python Software Foundation]] kan 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=PSF Membership Roster|url=https://www.python.org/psf/members/#fellows|website=Python Software Foundation|access-date=25 May 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424164732/https://www.python.org/psf/members/#fellows|archive-date=24 April 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siya sarong direktor kan [[Open Source Initiative]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://opensource.org/node/705 | title=OSI Board Changes 2014 | date=2014-04-09 | access-date=2014-04-09 | archive-date=2014-04-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413141120/http://opensource.org/node/705 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; asin iyo an presidente kaini sa pag'oltan kan 2015 asin 2017, na nagsalida asin nagbalik ki [[Simon Phipps (programmer)|Simon Phipps]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Phipps|first1=Simon|title=Handing On The Baton|url=http://opensource.org/node/747|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121095939/http://opensource.org/node/747|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Randal|first1=Allison|title=Transitions in Leadership|url=https://opensource.org/node/902|website=Open Source Initiative|access-date=2 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001085856/https://opensource.org/node/902|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Nagseserbi man siya sa [[OpenStack]] Foundation board of directors&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://www.openstack.org/foundation/board-of-directors/|website=OpenStack Open Source Cloud Computing Software|access-date=18 August 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She became the chair of board from 2021 to 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Linkin |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/allisonrandal/?trk=public-profile-join-page |website=Linkin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dugang pa, poon kan 2019, si Randal nag'ayon sa miyembro kan hunta sa [https://sfconservancy.org/ Software Freedom Conservatory], asin poon kan 2022, siya an nagin pamayo kan hunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Directors - Software Freedom Conservancy |url=https://sfconservancy.org/about/board/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=sfconservancy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga panlabas na takofd==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://allisonrandal.com/ &quot;here be unicorns&quot;], Allison Randal's blog
* [http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2004/05/19/allison.html An Interview with Allison Randal] by Simon Cozens of [http://perl.com/ perl.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070522153838/http://www.theperlreview.com/Interviews/allison-randal-20060412.html Interview with Allison Randal] by [http://www.theperlreview.com The Perl Review]
* [http://www.perl.org/ The Perl Programming Language]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Randal, Allison}}</text>
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    <title>Rumi Ochiai</title>
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Si {{Nihongo|'''Rumi Ochiai'''|落合 るみ|Ochiai Rumi|namundag Marso 6, 1973}} sarong Hapones na aktres asin aktres sa boses na taga [[Aichi Prefecture]], Hapon. Siya sa presente konektado sa [[Theatre Company Subaru]]. Kan magadan si [[Sumiko Shirakawa]] kan 2015, siya na an nagribay sa pagpapel bilang si Hiroshi Nakajima sa ''[[Sazae-san]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sponichi 20151204&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=「サザエさん」2代目中島くんに落合るみ 13日放送から登場|newspaper=Sponichi Annex|date=2015-12-04|url=https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2015/12/04/kiji/K20151204011624910.html|access-date=2015-12-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya midbid na gayo komo boses Hapones sa [[Rouge the Bat]] duman sa prangkisang [[Sonic the Hedgehog|Sonic]], poon kan an karakter na ini napabilang sa [[Sonic Adventure 2]].

==Biograpiya==
Si Ochiai nagdakula sa [[Kanazawa]], [[Nishinomiya]] asin [[Yokohama]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/oyanokao/entry-12342439226.html|title=帰省、そして犬エピソードに胸かきむしられる|work=落合るみのブログ|publisher=[[Ameba]]|date=2018-01-07|access-date=2020-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/oyanokao/entry-12348301226.html|title=35年ぶり|work=落合るみのブログ|publisher=[[Ameba]]|date=2018-01-29|access-date=2020-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; and graduated from Yokohama Seiryo High School. She owns a dog named {{nihongo|Lomé|ロメ}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/oyanokao/entry-12480287488.html|title=犬溶かしの術|work=落合るみのブログ|publisher=[[Ameba]]|date=2019-06-14|access-date=2019-11-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Filmograpiya==
*''[[Shaman King]]'' (Sharona)
*''[[Z.O.E. Dolores, I]]'' (Cindy Fiorentino)
*''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' games, ''[[Sonic X]]'' ([[Rouge the Bat]])
*''[[Naruto]]'' ([[Kurenai Yuhi]])
*''[[Naruto: Shippuden]]'' (Kurenai Yuhi)
*''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]'' (Marin's Mama)
*''[[Ragnarok The Animation]]'' (Melopsum)
*''[[Mao Dante]]'' (Lamia)
*''[[Boruto: Naruto Next Generations]]'' (Kurenai Sarutobi)

==Mga kawat bidyo==
* ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' na serye – [[Rouge the Bat]] (2001-presente)

==Dubbing==
*''[[Catch Me If You Can]]'' (Brenda Strong ([[Amy Adams]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.wowow.co.jp/detail/017393/-/04|title= キャッチ・ミー・イフ・ユー・キャン|access-date= August 19, 2021|work= Wowow}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior]]'' (Gina LaSalle ([[Beau Garrett]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.hmv.co.jp/artist_クリミナル・マインド_000000000547954/item_クリミナル・マインド-FBI-vs-異常犯罪-シーズン6-コレクターズBOX-Part2_5136260|title= クリミナル・マインド/FBI vs.異常犯罪 シーズン6 コレクターズBOX Part2|access-date= April 20, 2022|work= HMV}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[The Family Stone]]'' (Amy Stone ([[Rachel McAdams]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=17638|title= 幸せのポートレート[吹]|access-date= May 6, 2019|work= Star Channel}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Final Destination (film)|Final Destination]]'' (Terry Chaney ([[Amanda Detmer]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=14269|title=ファイナル・デスティネーション|work=Star Channel|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=February 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130422/https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=14269|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[The Karate Kid Part III]]'' (Jessica Andrews ([[Robyn Lively]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=20164|title= ベスト・キッド３／最後の挑戦[吹]|access-date= June 8, 2019|work= Star Channel|archive-date= May 6, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120506034355/http://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=20164|dead-url= yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[The Master (2012 film)|The Master]]'' (Peggy Dodd (Amy Adams))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=22455|title= ザ・マスター|access-date= March 1, 2021|work= Star Channel|archive-date= July 11, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230711182551/https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=22455|dead-url= yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Midnight in Paris]]'' (Inez (Rachel McAdams))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=21418|title= ミッドナイト・イン・パリ[吹]|access-date= June 8, 2019|work= Star Channel}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[The Prince &amp; Me]]'' (Paige Morgan ([[Julia Stiles]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=16468|title= プリティ・ガール［吹］|access-date= July 1, 2019|work= Star Channel|archive-date= February 28, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130451/https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=16468|dead-url= yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Same Kind of Different as Me (film)|Same Kind of Different as Me]]'' (Deborah Hall ([[Renée Zellweger]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=27209|title= 奇跡の絆|access-date= September 13, 2019|work= Star Channel|archive-date= January 17, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210117133529/https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=27209|dead-url= yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Spin City]]'' (Ashley Schaeffer ([[Carla Gugino]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.superdramatv.com/line/spincity/cast.html|title= マイケル・フラハティ - スーパー！ドラマTV|access-date= March 23, 2020|work= Super Network|archive-date= March 23, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200323161401/http://www.superdramatv.com/line/spincity/cast.html|dead-url= yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Triangle (2009 English-language film)|Triangle]]'' (Sally ([[Rachael Carpani]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=21321|title= トライアングル（２００９）|access-date= February 11, 2021|work= Star Channel}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[Wonder Woman 1984]]'' ([[Cheetah (character)|Barbara Ann Minerva / Cheetah]] ([[Kristen Wiig]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.fukikaeru.com/?p=14953|title= ワンダーウーマン 1984|access-date= December 11, 2020|work= Fukikaeru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''[[You, Me and Dupree]]'' (Molly Thompson Peterson ([[Kate Hudson]]))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=17762|title= トラブル・マリッジ カレと私とデュプリーの場合［吹］|access-date= March 21, 2019|work= Star Channel|archive-date= September 17, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190917082902/https://www.star-ch.jp/channel/detail.php?movie_id=17762|dead-url= yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--NEED SOURCE
*''[[Con Air]]'' (Tricia Poe ([[Monica Potter]]))
--&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
*{{Official website|https://ameblo.jp/oyanokao/|Official blog}}
*{{anime News Network|people|11188}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ochiai, Rumi}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1973 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga aktres na Hapones]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga aktres na Hapones]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Hapones na aktres sa mga kawat bidyo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga aktres sa boses haleng Aichi Prefecture]]
[[en:Rumi Ochiai]]

{{japan-voice-actor-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barbonymus</title>
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      <text bytes="3509" sha1="8fx9z4cbhrzvf6vpk9csaxrdeioaf7r" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Tinfoil Barb 700.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Barbonymus schwanenfeldii]]''
| taxon = Barbonymus
| authority = [[Maurice Kottelat|Kottelat]], 1999&lt;ref name=&quot;Kottelat1999a.&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-link=Maurice Kottelat |author=Kottelat, M. |year=1999 |title=Nomenclature of the genera ''Barbodes'', ''Cyclocheilichthys'', ''Rasbora'' and ''Chonerhinos'' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae and Tetraodontidae), with comments on the definition of the first reviser |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=591–600 |url=https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/06/47rbz591-600.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-01 |access-date=2024-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101091204/https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/Raffles%20Bulletin%20of%20Zoology/Past%20Volumes/RBZ%2047(2)/47rbz591-600.pdf |archivedate=2017-01-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101091204/https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/Raffles%20Bulletin%20of%20Zoology/Past%20Volumes/RBZ%2047(2)/47rbz591-600.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| type_species = ''Barbus schwanenfeldii''
| type_species_authority = [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853
}}

An '''''Barbonymus''''' sarong genus nin [[sira]] na may ray-finned sa pamilyang [[Cyprinidae]], na igwa nin nagkapirang species na barb. An genus naestablisar sana kan 1999, na an tinfoil barb (''B. schwanenfeldii'') bilang klase nin species; kaya, an mga sira na ini minsan inaapod na tinfoil barbs o simpleng tinfoils (sa pagsambit sa saindang nagpapabanaag, garo tinfoil na mga kiskis). An bagong genus pigmukna bilang pagmidbid sa bagay na an nagkapirang darakulang &quot;barbs&quot; na Asyano, na dating daing pinipiling pinagsararo sa ''Barbus'' (tipikal na mga barbels asin mga paryentes), ''Barbodes'' (mga barb-like carps) asin ''Puntius'' (spotted barbs), nagpoporma nin sarong laen na ebolusyonaryong linyada.

==Mga species==
Igwa ngonyan nin 10 midbid na species sa genus na ini:&lt;ref name=FishBase&gt;{{FishBase genus | genus = Barbonymus| month = October | year = 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kottelat, M. (2013): [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s27/rbz_S27.pdf The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225925/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s27/rbz_S27.pdf |date=December 2, 2013 }}  ''The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2013, Supplement No. 27: 1–663.''&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus altus]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1868)&lt;/small&gt; (red-tailed tinfoil)
* ''[[Barbonymus balleroides]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1842)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus belinka]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1860)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus collingwoodii]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1868)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus gonionotus]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1850)&lt;/small&gt; (Java barb)
* ''[[Barbonymus mahakkamensis]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Ernst Ahl|C. G. E. Ahl]], 1922)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus platysoma]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1855)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus schwanenfeldii]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853)&lt;/small&gt; (tinfoil barb)
* ''[[Barbonymus strigatus]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1894)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Barbonymus sunieri]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Max Carl Wilhelm Weber|M. C. W. Weber]] &amp; [[Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort|de Beaufort]], 1916)&lt;/small&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iaeger, West Virginia</title>
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      <text bytes="9530" sha1="f1a7w4wijqwrpa9ckdofenuhuw36vew" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Iaeger
|settlement_type          = [[Town]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

&lt;!-- Images --&gt;
|image_skyline            = Iaeger_WV_street_scene.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Iaeger West Virginia 2017
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

&lt;!-- Maps --&gt;
|pushpin_map              = West Virginia#USA
|pushpin_label_position   = &lt;!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
|pushpin_map_caption      = 
|image_map                = File:McDowell County West Virginia Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Iaeger Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 
|map_caption              = Location of Iaeger in McDowell County, West Virginia.
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

&lt;!-- Location --&gt;
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[West Virginia]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in West Virginia|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[McDowell County, West Virginia|McDowell]]

&lt;!-- Government --&gt;
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

&lt;!-- Area --&gt;
|area_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=&quot;CenPopGazetteer2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_54.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 2.16
|area_land_km2            = 2.05
|area_water_km2           = 0.11
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.84
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.79
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.04

&lt;!-- Population --&gt;
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_total         = 257
|population_density_km2   = 117.98
|population_density_sq_mi = 305.56

&lt;!-- General information --&gt;
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 300
|elevation_ft             = 984
|coordinates              = {{coord|37|27|52|N|81|48|49|W|region:US-WV_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 24844
|area_code                = [[Area code 304|304]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 54-39652&lt;ref name=&quot;GR2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1540647&lt;ref name=&quot;GR3&quot;&gt;{{cite gnis|1540647|Iaeger|July 24, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|website                  = https://local.wv.gov/iaeger/Pages/default.aspx
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}
An '''Iaeger''' (sinasayod, YAY-ger) sarong banwaan nin [[McDowell County, West Virginia|McDowell County]], [[West Virginia]], Estados Unidos. An populasyon 257 sa [[2020 United States Census|2020 na senso]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iaeger town, West Virginia - Census Bureau Profile |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US5439652 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Historya==
An Iaeger pig'inkorporar kan 1917 asin ipigngaran ki Colonel William G. W. Iaeger, sarong amay na tagabanwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kenny|first=Hamill|title=West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009099824;view=1up;seq=351;size=125|year=1945|publisher=The Place Name Press|location=Piedmont, WV|page=323}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geograpiya==
Susog sa [[United States Census Bureau]], an banwaan igwang total na kahiwasan na {{convert|0.83|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|0.79|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer files&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 24, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igwang kasarapongan sa [[Norfolk Southern Railway]] na ini namumugtak sa Iaeger.

Ini an eerokan na banwaan sa McDowell County.

===Klima===
An klima sa lugar na ini karakterisado nin maalongaang mapulot na tig-init asin malipot-lipot na winter.  Susog sa [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Iaeger igwang [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated &quot;Cfa&quot; sa pangklimang mga mapa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate Summary for Iaeger, West Virginia |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=804464&amp;cityname=Iaeger%2C+West+Virginia%2C+United+States+of+America&amp;units= |access-date=2026-08-05 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017223521/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=804464&amp;cityname=Iaeger,+West+Virginia,+United+States+of+America&amp;units= |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Demograpiko==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1920= 481
|1930= 1066
|1940= 986
|1950= 1271
|1960= 930
|1970= 822
|1980= 833
|1990= 551
|2000= 358
|2010= 302
|2020= 257
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web  |title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing |url=https://www.census.gov/decennial-census |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=Census.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

===2010 na senso===
As of the [[census]]&lt;ref name =&quot;wwwcensusgov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 24, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; of 2010, there were 302 people, 131 households, and 83 families living in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|382.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 167 housing units at an average density of {{convert|211.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 98.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], and 0.3% from two or more races.

There were 131 households, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the town was 45.3 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.8% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 21.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]&lt;ref name=&quot;GR2&quot; /&gt; of 2000, there were 358 people, 167 households, and 106 families living in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|435.4|PD/sqmi}}. There were 216 housing units at an average density of {{convert|262.7|/sqmi}}. The racial makeup of the town was 96.37% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.51% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], and 1.12% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.56% of the population.

There were 167 households, out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $14,886, and the median income for a family was $21,250. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $35,000 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $17,263. About 29.0% of families and 32.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 30.0% of those under age 18 and 29.3% of those age 65 or over.
{{wide image|Iaeger, West Virginia (2014).jpg|1000px|alt=Abandoned storefronts in Iaeger, 2014|Abandoned storefronts in Iaeger, 2014}}

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{McDowell County, West Virginia}}
{{West Virginia municipalities}}

{{authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Mga banwaan sa McDowell County, West Virginia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga banwaan sa West Virginia]]
[[Kategorya:Coal towns in West Virginia]]
[[Kategorya:An West Virginia na mga lugar na matawo sa Tug Fork]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Glasnevin, Saskatchewan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>308345</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T16:12:20Z</timestamp>
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        <id>55</id>
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      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;An '''Glasnevin''' sarong [[lugar na dai-inkorporado|dai-inkorporadong komuidad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Glasnevin|url=https://toponymes.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/HADIO|website=Canadian Geographical Names Database |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=29 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaon sa [[Rural Municipality of Key West No. 70]] namumugtak sa  [[Mga probinsya asin mga teritoryo nin Kanada|probinsyang Kanadyano]] nin [[Saskatchewan]]. namumugtak sa...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1044" sha1="15hb0khquecb3c4iuvosjs0e47901nv" xml:space="preserve">An '''Glasnevin''' sarong [[lugar na dai-inkorporado|dai-inkorporadong komuidad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Glasnevin|url=https://toponymes.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/HADIO|website=Canadian Geographical Names Database |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=29 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaon sa [[Rural Municipality of Key West No. 70]] namumugtak sa  [[Mga probinsya asin mga teritoryo nin Kanada|probinsyang Kanadyano]] nin [[Saskatchewan]]. namumugtak sa [[Saskatchewan Highway 13|Highway 13]], ini mga 10&amp;nbsp;km habagatan nin [[Ogema, Saskatchewan|Ogema]].

==Hilnga man==
* [[List of communities in Saskatchewan]]
* [[Lists of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks]]

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

{{SKDivision2}}
{{coord|49.325|N|105.023|W|display=title|type:city_region:CA_source:GNS-enwiki}}

{{authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Mga dai0-inkoporadong komunidad sa Saskatchewan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga munisipalidad rural sa Key West No. 70]]
[[Kategorya:Division No. 2, Saskatchewan]]

{{SKDivision2-geo-stub}}
{{Canada-ghost-town-stub}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T16:14:05Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1074" sha1="35spm6ii6vmale9bw6xhhz3ndmttzv9" xml:space="preserve">An '''Glasnevin''' sarong [[lugar na dai-inkorporado|dai-inkorporadong komuidad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Glasnevin|url=https://toponymes.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/HADIO|website=Canadian Geographical Names Database |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=29 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaon sa [[Rural Municipality of Key West No. 70]] namumugtak sa  [[Mga probinsya asin mga teritoryo nin Kanada|probinsyang Kanadyano]] nin [[Saskatchewan]]. namumugtak sa [[Saskatchewan Highway 13|Highway 13]], ini mga 10&amp;nbsp;km habagatan nin [[Ogema, Saskatchewan|Ogema]].

==Hilnga man==
* [[List of communities in Saskatchewan]]
* [[Lists of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks]]

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

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{{coord|49.325|N|105.023|W|display=title|type:city_region:CA_source:GNS-enwiki}}

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[[Kategorya:Mga dai0-inkoporadong komunidad sa Saskatchewan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga munisipalidad rural sa Key West No. 70]]
[[Kategorya:Division No. 2, Saskatchewan]]
[[en:Glasnevin, Saskatchewan]]
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  <page>
    <title>Dragočaj</title>
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      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;{{Infobox settlement |official_name          =Dragočaj |other_name             = |native_name            ={{native name|sr-Cyrl|Драгочај|italics=off}} |nickname               =  |settlement_type        =[[List of populated places in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Village]] ([[village#Slavic countries|Selo]]) |motto                  = |image_skyline          = Православна црква у Драгочају.jpg |imagesize              =  |image_caption...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3758" sha1="aph524hkl7nuvtwld4m8wxkj7vl7l16" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          =Dragočaj
|other_name             =
|native_name            ={{native name|sr-Cyrl|Драгочај|italics=off}}
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        =[[List of populated places in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Village]] ([[village#Slavic countries|Selo]])
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          = Православна црква у Драгочају.jpg
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = Serbian Orthodox church in Dragočaj 
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              =
|image_map              = 
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = 
|pushpin_map            = Bosnia and Herzegovina
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption    =
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       ={{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Republika Srpska}}
|subdivision_type2      = [[Municipalities of Republika Srpska|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Banja Luka]]
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  
|established_date       = 
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial 
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 
|area_land_km2            = 
|population_as_of               = [[2013 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|2013]]
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 2371&lt;ref name=&quot;Preliminarni rezultati&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author1= Nataša Gojković |author2= Ognjen Ignjić |date= |title= Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in BH 2013 Republika Srpska Preliminary Results |url=https://www.rzs.rs.ba/static/uploads/bilteni/popis/PreliminarniRezultati_Popis2013-drugo_izdanje_sa_kartama_Final.pdf |publisher=[[Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics]], [[Banja Luka]] |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_km2         =
|timezone =[[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST =  [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|coordinates            = {{coord|44|51|17|N|17|09|36|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    = 
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           = 
|postal_code_type       = 
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}
An '''Dragočaj''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Драгочај}}) sarong [[baryo]] sa [[MMga munisipalidad nin Republika Srpska|munisipalidad]] nin [[Banja Luka]], [[Republika Srpska]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].&lt;ref&gt;Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Demograpiko==
Ethnic groups in the village include:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Popis 2013 BiH - Etnička/nacionalna pripadnost, vjeroispovijest, maternji jezik |url=http://www.popis.gov.ba/popis2013/knjige.php?id=2 |website=www.popis.gov.ba |publisher=Agencija za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine |accessdate=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2,151 [[Serbs]] (90.72%)
*141 [[Croats]] (5.95%)
*79 Others (3.33%)

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

{{Banja Luka Municipality}}

{{coord|44|51|17|N|17|09|36|E|region:BA_type:city_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}

{{commons category|Dragočaj}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dragocaj}}
[[Kategorya:Villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Kategorya:Populated places in Banja Luka]]


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