Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2854 310075 300973 2026-08-31T16:14:51Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Seagf.png|250px|right]] An '''Sur-subangan na Asyanong Karawat''' ([[Ingles]]: ''Southeast Asian Games'' o bisto man bilang '''SEA Games''') karawat kan 11 nasyoon sa [[Sur-subangan na Asya]]. An karawat yaon sa irarom kan pamamahala kan Federasyon kan Sur-subangan na Asyanong Karawat (''Southeast Asian Games Federation'') na may superbisyon kan [[Internasyunal na Olimpikong Komite]] ([[Internasyunal na Olimpikong Komite|IOC]]) asin kan [[Olimpikong Konseho kan Asya]] ([[Olimpikong Konseho kan Asya|OCA]]). == Uusipon == An Sur-subangan na Asyanong Karawat nagpoon sa '''''Sur-subangan na Asyanong Peninsular na Karawat''''' o SEAP Games. Kan 22 Mayo 1958, an mga delegado gikan sa mga nasyon sa rawis nin Sur-subangan na Asya na yaon partisipante sa [[Asyanong Karawat]] sa [[Tokyo]], [[Hapon]] nagkaigwa nin urulay asin nagkauruyon na magbilog nin sarong organisasyon. Nabilog an SEAP Games sa kaisipan ni Luang Sukhum Nayaoradit, Bise Presidente kan Olimpikong Komite nin Tailandya kaidto. Susog sa lakdang, an sarong rehiyonal na karawat makakatabang sa pagpabalangibog nin pagtarabangan, pagkasirinabotan asin marhay na relasyon kan mga nasyon sa rehiyon. Anom na nasyon kabali an Burma (ngunyan [[Myanmar]]), Kampuchea (ngunyan [[Kambodya]]), [[Laos]], Malaya (ngunyan [[Malasya]]), [[Tailandya]] asin [[Bietnam]] an nagin kagtugdas na mga myembro. An mga nasyon na ini nagkauruyon na gibohon an Karawat lambang duwang taon kan Hunyo 1959 dangan nabilog an Komite nin Pederasyon nin SEAP.<ref>[http://voc.org.vn/Portals/0/2013-SEAG%20Charter.pdf South East Asian Games Federation: Charter and Rules"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307182744/http://voc.org.vn/Portals/0/2013-SEAG%20Charter.pdf |date=2016-03-07 }} (PDF). SEAGF. 30 Mayo 2010. Hinugot kan 30 Desyembre 2015.</ref> Ginibo an pinakainot na SEAP Games sa Bangkok poon 12–17 Desyembre 1959 kan lampas 527ng atleta asin mga opisyal gikan sa Tailandya, Burma (ngunyan Myanmar), Malaya (ngunyan Malaysia), Singapura, Sur Bietnam asin Laos, nagpartisipar sa 12ng kawat. ==Mga kabaling NOK== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#E8E8E8" ! [[Nasyunal na Olimpikong Komite|Ngaran nin NOK]] || Pormal na Ngaran || Nagpamidbid || [[Internasyunal na Olimpikong Komite|IOK]] koda || Iba pang ginamit na koda |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{VIE}} || Socialist Republic of Vietnam || <center>1959</center> || <center>'''VIE'''</center> || VET (1964), VNM (1968–1976, ISO) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{BRU}} || Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace || <center>1977</center> || <center>'''BRU'''</center> || BRN ([[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{CAM}} || Kingdom of Cambodia || <center>1961</center> || <center>'''CAM'''</center> || KHM (1972–1976, ISO) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{PHI}} || Republic of the Philippines || <center>1977</center> || <center>'''PHI'''</center> || PHL (ISO) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{INA}} || Republic of Indonesia || <center>1977</center> || <center>'''INA'''</center> || IHO (1952), IDN ([[FIFA]], ISO) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{LAO}} || Lao People's Democratic Republic || <center>1959</center> || <center>'''LAO'''</center> || |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{MAS}}|| Federation of Malaysia || <center>1959</center> || <center>'''MAS'''</center> || MAL (1952 − 1988), MYS (ISO) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{MYA}} || Republic of the Union of Myanmar || <center>1959</center> || <center>'''MYA'''</center> || BIR (1948 – 1988), MMR (ISO) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{SGP}} || Republic of Singapore || <center>1959</center> || <center>'''SGP'''</center> || SIN (1959 – 2016) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{TLS}} || Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste || <center>2003</center> || <center>'''TLS'''</center> || [[Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games|IOA]] (2000) |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{THA}} || Kingdom of Thailand || <center>1959</center> || <center>'''THA'''</center> || |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GamesL1.aspx?GPCode=8 Olympic Council of Asia Regional Hosting List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304162529/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GamesL1.aspx?GPCode=8 |date=2012-03-04 }} * [http://www.seagfoffice.org/ SEA Games Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123003846/http://www.seagfoffice.org/ |date=2018-11-23 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/19980111005738/http://seagames.wasantara.net.id/medali59-95/medals.htm Medal Tally 1959-1995] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011071000/http://www.newsviews.info/sport09.html#sources Medal Tally] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041217101809/http://www.olympic.org.my/web/gamesrecords/sea/sea_history.htm History of the SEA Games] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091204132925/http://www.laoseagames2009.com/v1/seagamesxseapxstat.aspx SEA Games previous medal table] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011207141223/http://www.kl2001.com/index.html SEA Games members] {{poon}} {{Sur-subangan na Asyanong Karawat}} {{Asyanong Karawat}} [[Kategorya:Sur-subangan na Asyanong Karawat]] ehq3iuh70eepalgpl9sn7ubwjuikii1 0 13678 310077 235474 2026-08-31T17:03:13Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310077 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Theodore de Lemos.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Si Theodore de Lemos]] [[File:Macy's Herald Square LC-USZ62-123584 crop.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Macy's Herald Square department store]] [[File:Sixth Avenue NYC 2007.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Siegel-Cooper Company department store]] Si '''Theodore de Lemos''' (1850, Holstein, German Confederation – 12 Abril 1909, New York City, Nweba York, Estados Unidos), siya aki ni Hermann asin ni Maria Grothe De Lemos nin Holstein, asin sarong arkitekto. Naggradwar siyang may onra sa Berlin Royal Academy of Buildings, asin bantogan na gayo sa tolong nasyon kan saiyang mga desenyo, sa Alemanya, Mehiko, asin Estados Unidos. Kan 1981, si de Lemos naghale sa Alemanya asin naghubo sa Nweba York kun saen naagom niya si Margaretta Becker asin nagkaigwang sarong aki, si Marie Katherine. Nagadan siya Abril 1909 asin nalubong sa Woodland Cemetery sa The Bronx, New York City. ==Mga obra== *1870s–1881 Mga edipisyo para sa Hokbong Aleman. *1983 Eden Musée (may kuneksyon ki [[Henry Fernbach]]), New York City, NY *1884 {{Anchor|De Lemos & Cordes}}De Lemos & Cordes (may kuneksyon ki arkitekto A. W. Cordes). **[[Grand Central Palace]], tinogdok 1893 sa Lexington Avenue pag'oltan 43rd asin 44th na mga Kalye ({{Coord|40.752451|-73.975296|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}) ginaba' 1913 ngane matogdok an Grand Central na istasyon .<ref name=historychannel1>{{cite web |title=History at Grand Central |url=http://srnteach.us/HIST1700/assets/projects/unit3/docs/GrandCentral.pdf |publisher=History Channel |access-date=2016-09-15 |archive-date=2014-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202211858/http://srnteach.us/HIST1700/assets/projects/unit3/docs/GrandCentral.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> **1894 The [[Kuhn, Loeb & Co.]] Banko edipisyo sa 27 Pine Street sa New York City ({{Coord|40.707485|-74.009893|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}) **1901–1902 [[Macy's Herald Square]] department store, pag'oltan 151 West asin 34th na mga Kalye sa [[Manhattan]], New York City ({{Coord|40|45|1|N|73|59|18|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}); ilinista sa [[National Register of Historic Places]] bilang [[National Historic Landmark]] kan 1978.<ref name="nrhpinv">{{Cite journal |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: R. H. Macy and Company Store|url={{NHLS url|id=78001873}} |format=pdf |first=George R. |last=Adams |date={{Date|1977-02}} |publisher=National Park Service }}<br />{{PDFlink |{{NHLS url|id=78001873|title=''Accompanying 4 photos, exterior, undated''|photos=y}} |1.03&nbsp;MB}}</ref> **Arion Club House, pag'oltan 59th Street asin Park Avenue sa New York City ({{Coord|40.706981|-74.00959|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}) **[[Siegel-Cooper Company]] [[department store]], sa kanto kan West 19th Street asin Sixth Avenue sa New York City ({{Coord|40.74069|-73.99465|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}) **New York County National Bank na edipisyo. **[[Speyer family|Speyer & Co.]] Banko edipisyo. *[[AXA|Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York]] edipisyo sa [[Mexico City]], Mehiko. *Boça edipisyo sa Mexico City, Mehiko. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga arkitekto nin Alemanya]] dll1ik68fsqpl0c67o3nanqerqpz8k6 0 14328 310076 297935 2026-08-31T16:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Common house gecko.jpg|right|thumb|300px|An tabili]] [[File:Tabili.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Tabili (Filipinas)]] [[File:Hemidactylus_frenatus_mating,_ventral_view.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Nagsasagbatan na mga tabili]] [[Ladawan:Common house gecko licking on top of table.webm|thumb|An tabili sa harong]] An '''tabili''' o '''tagaw''' (''Hemidactylus frenatus'') sarong klaseng reptil tubong [[Habagatan-subangan na Asya]]. Ini nakakaagid sa [[tukô]] sa hitsura alagad mas saradit. Parati makukua an siring na mga hayop sa laog nin harong asin saindang pagkakan iyo an mga insekto o mga layog-layog arog kan mga [[tanga]], mga [[kuratsa]], mga [[lawa]], [[kulagbaw]], mga [[aloy]], [[namok]], asbp. Inaapod ining ''casas limpias'' sa Sur Amerika ta tinutubod na ini marayrahay na paraubos kan mga hayop-hayop na peste sa laog kan harong.<ref>[https://citybugs.tamu.edu/factsheets/household/misc-house/ent-2006/]citybugs.camu.edu. Kinua 26-01-18</ref><ref>[[http://www.wildherps.com/species/H.frenatus.html]wildherps.com{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.] Kinua 26-01-18</ref> ==Pagbuhay== An kadaklan kan mga tabili natago kun aldaw, banggi nag'aabang kan saindang madadakop na pagkakan, asin orog na narani sa may mga ilaw pagdakop kan mga layog-layog. An mga tabili maski saen na sana nagtatarago, sa mga lanob naka-upot. Ini pinalakop sa mundo kan mga bapor na nagbabaktas sa kadagatan, mahihiling sa Habagatan kan Estados Unidos, sa tropikal na mga lugar kan Australia, sa Habagatan asin Sentral Amerika, sa Aprika, Habagatan Asya, asin sa Tangang Subangan. Kun winter o sobrang lipot na klima sinda "naturog", garo daing hiro-hiro, ngane malampasan an sobrang lipot. An mga tabili bako man makamandag, mayong peligro sa tawo kun kapotan o makagat man kaini. Natalubo sinda sa laba na pag'oltan kan 75-150 mm (3-6 pulgada) asin nalawig mga limang taon. An saindang ikog kun napuputol, natubo giraray. An bura' kaini sa garo nagtatagsik na tanog asin maluya lang.<ref>[http://www.tsusinvasives.org/home/database/hemidactylus-frenatus]www.tsusinvasives.org. Kinua 26-01-18</ref> ==Pag-ataman== An tabili naaataman man bilang sarong alag alagad dapat yaon paestaron sa 'vivarium' asin dapat may mga tinanom asin daga-daga o mga ubak kahoy, dangan may mga tagoan sa saindang pagkontrol kan temperatura sa hawak. Kaipohan ninda an dikit na init arog kan sa ilaw kan sadit na bombilla. An temperatura dapat medyo alumahad kaya kaipohan an inapod na humidifier. Dapat bahogon mga lima anom na beses sa semana. <ref>[https://www.wikihow.com/Care-for-a-House-Gecko]www.wikihow.com. Kinua 26-01-18</ref><ref>[http://geckocare.net/house-gecko-care-sheet/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119012520/http://geckocare.net/house-gecko-care-sheet/ |date=2018-01-19 }}geckocare.net. Kinua 26-01-18</ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga reptil]] ekhca7mmnstwnw1nwo1xgg3eaicwh99 0 18587 310063 288250 2026-08-31T12:06:25Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}} {{Infobox settlement | settlement_type = [[Kapitolyo syudad]] | name = | official_name = Minsk | native_name = Мінск {{·}} Менск {{·}} Минск | image_flag = Flag of Minsk, Belarus.svg | image_shield = Coat of arms of Minsk.svg | image_skyline = Minsk Montage (2015).png | image_caption = Hiro-relo poon sa walang itaas: Minsk City Hall, [[Simbahan kan San Simon asin Helena|Simbahan nin Pula]], Railway Station Square, [[Independence Square, Minsk|Independence Square]], [[National Opera and Ballet of Belarus|National Opera and Ballet Theatre]] and the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul. | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Belarus##Location within Europe | pushpin_map = Belarus#Europe | pushpin_relief = 1 | subdivision_type = [[Lista kan mga soberanyang estado|Nasyon]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Belarus}} | leader_title = Chairman | leader_name = [[Anatoli Sivak]]<ref name="Minsk City Executive Committee">{{cite web | url=https://minsk.gov.by/en/org/10/head/ | title=Minsk City Executive Committee | language=English | date=18 January 2019 | access-date=19 February 2019 | archive-date=18 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618003626/https://minsk.gov.by/en/org/10/head/ | dead-url=yes }} Official portal minsk.gov.by</ref> | established_title = Pigtugdas | established_date = 1067 | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 409.5 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_total = 1,982,444<ref name="Belstat report">{{cite web | url=http://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_8782/ | title=Численность населения на 1 января 2018 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2017 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов и поселков городского типа | publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus | language=Russian | date=29 March 2018 | access-date=19 February 2019 | archive-date=5 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405033656/http://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_8782/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref> {{increase}} | population_as_of = 2018 | population_note = | population_density_km2 = 4841 | population_urban = | population_est = | population_est_as_of = | blank1_name = [[Nominal GDP]] (2017)<ref>http://www.belstat.gov.by/bitrix/urlrewrite.php{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | blank1_info = [[US$]]13 billion | blank2_name = Per capita<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukforex.co.uk/forex-tools/historical-rate-tools/yearly-average-rates |title=Archived copy |accessdate=1 November 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316233916/http://www.ukforex.co.uk/forex-tools/historical-rate-tools/yearly-average-rates |archivedate=16 March 2015 |df= }} average BYN/ USD ex. rate in 2012</ref> | blank2_info = [[US$]]7,000 | blank3_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017) | blank3_info = 0.824<ref>https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/</ref> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span> | timezone = [[Further-eastern European Time|FET]]/[[Moscow Time|MSK]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/belarus-eternal-dst.html |title=Eternal Daylight Saving Time (DST) in Belarus |date=19 September 2011 |accessdate=30 October 2014 |work=timeanddate.com}}</ref> | utc_offset = +3 | coordinates = {{coord|53|54|N|27|34|E|region:BY|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 280.6 | postal_code_type = Postal Code | postal_code = 220001-220141 | area_code = +375 17 | blank_name = License plate | blank_info = 7 | website = [http://www.minsk.gov.by/en/ www.minsk.gov.by] | footnotes = }} An '''Minsk''' ({{lang-be|Мінск}}, {{IPA-be|mʲinsk|pron}}; {{lang-ru|Минск}}) an kapitolyo asin pinakadakulang syudad sa f [[Belarus]], manunumpungan sa Svislač sa Nyamiha Rivers. Bilang kapitolyo, igwa an Minsk ning ispesyal na estado ning administratibo sa Belarus asin sentro nin administratibo kan Minsk Region (voblasć) dangan Minsk District (rajon). An populasyon kan Enero 2018 nagin 1,982,444<ref name="Belstat report">{{cite web | url=http://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_8782/ | title=Численность населения на 1 января 2018 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2017 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов и поселков городского типа | publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus | language=Russian | date=29 March 2018 | access-date=19 February 2019 | archive-date=5 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405033656/http://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_8782/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref>, ini nagin ika 11 na pinamatawong syudad sa Europa. Ini man an kapitolyo kan administratibo nin Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) asin puwesto kan Executive Secretary. == Mga toltolan == {{Reflist|30em}} ==Bibliograpiya== Thomas M. Bohn: Minsk – Musterstadt des Sozialismus. Stadtplanung und Urbanisierung in der Sowjetunion nach 1945. Böhlau, Köln 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-412-20071-8}} Бон, Т.М. «Минский феномен». Городское планирование и урбанизация в Советском Союзе после Второй мировой войны / Томас М. Бон ; [пер. Е. Слепович]. — Москва : РОССПЭН, 2013. — 416 с. Бон, Т.М. «Мінскі феномен». Гарадское планаванне і ўрбанізацыя ў Савецкім Саюзе пасля 1945 г. / Томас М. Бон ; пер. з ням. мовы М. Рытаровіч ; навук. рэд. Г. Сагановіч. — Мінск : Зміцер Колас, 2016. — 436 с. == Mababasa pa lalo == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite news |last1=Nechepurenko |first1=Ivan |title=How Europes Last Dictatorship Became a Tech Hub |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=5 October 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/world/europe/belarus-minsk-technology.html |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }} {{refend}} == Mga panluwas na takod == {{Commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Minsk}} * [https://34travel.me/post/minsk-english-guide [[34mag]] city guide]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a city guide for Minsk * [http://www.belarus.by/en/about-belarus/geography/minskcity Minsk city] on the official website of Belarus * [http://belarusdigest.com/story/why-minsk-not-other-capitals-16858/ Why Minsk Is Not Like Other Capitals.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302204907/http://belarusdigest.com/story/why-minsk-not-other-capitals-16858 |date=2 March 2014 }} * [http://belarusdigest.com/story/lost-translation-minsk-real-belarus-travel-tips-7402/ Lost In Translation In Minsk – The "Real Belarus" Travel Tips.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505183554/http://belarusdigest.com/story/lost-translation-minsk-real-belarus-travel-tips-7402 |date=5 May 2017 }} * [http://minskherald.com/ The Minsk Herald online magazine in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260816120443/http://minskherald.com/ |date=16 August 2026 }} * {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1946324|Minsk, Belarus}} {{stub}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategorya:Minsk| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[Kategorya:Mga kapitolyo sa Europa]] [[Kategorya:Mga syudad sa Belarus]] iv6vcg7hcyxy15hhumkna83dy2ju7n4 0 30486 310072 307843 2026-08-31T14:31:30Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Sarong tipo nin gubing-pangkasal na Intsik}} [[File:Wedding_costume_in_midi_(dense_embroidery)_style,_view_1,_with_dragon-and-phoenix_patterns_-_Hong_Kong_Museum_of_History_-_DSC00951.JPG|thumb|168x168px|Nahiling an Qungua sa [[Hong Kong Museum of History]].]] An '''Qungua''' ({{Lang-zh|s=裙褂}}), midbid man sa '''longfeng gua''' ({{Lang-zh|t=龍鳳褂|s=龙凤褂}}),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=To Have And To Embroider: The “Long Feng Gua” Wedding Tradition {{!}} US-China Institute|url=https://china.usc.edu/have-and-embroider-%E2%80%9Clong-feng-gua%E2%80%9D-wedding-tradition|access-date=2021-06-04|website=china.usc.edu|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604152141/https://china.usc.edu/have-and-embroider-%E2%80%9Clong-feng-gua%E2%80%9D-wedding-tradition|dead-url=yes}}</ref> o '''longfeng qungua''' ({{Lang-zh|t=龍鳳裙褂|s=龙凤裙褂}}),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=JNTT|date=2020-07-30|title=SAME SAME BUT DIFFERENT|url=https://www.theredwedding.com/post/same-same-but-different|access-date=2021-06-04|website=The Red Wedding|language=en}}</ref> o '''guaqun''' ({{Lang-zh|s=褂裙}}),<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Li|first=Yuling|date=2019|title=New meaning in traditional wedding dresses – Xiu He Fu and Long Feng Gua – in contemporary China [Master's Thesis]|url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/id/eprint/11386|journal=Cultural Centre, University of Malaya|pages=i-102}}</ref>, sarong tipo nin two-piece ceremonial na set nin kasulutan kan [[Tradisyonal na kasal kan Intsik|tradisyonal na kasal kan Intsik]] na binibilog nin jacket na inaapod na ''gua'' (褂) asin kan halaba na palda na inaapod na ''qun'' (裙). An ''qungua'' sarong tipo kan [[Hanfu]] na isinusulot kan [[Intsik na Han]] na mga nobya;<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Qiao|first=Nan|last2=Tan|first2=Yan-rong|date=2017|title=Talk About the Chinese Wedding Dress of Modern Women|url=https://www.dpi-proceedings.com/index.php/dtssehs/article/view/18048/17554|journal=2017 3rd International Conference on Social, Education and Management Engineering (SEME 2017)|pages=299-301}}</ref> ini man an tradisyunal na kasulutan sa kasal kan mga nobyang [[Mga Kantones|Kantones]] sa mga rehiyon nin [[Guangdong]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-28|title=Chinese Wedding Traditions: Qun Gua {{!}} Hong Kong Wedding Blog|url=https://brideandbreakfast.hk/2016/01/28/chinese-wedding-traditions-qun-gua/|access-date=2021-06-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508200341/https://brideandbreakfast.hk/2016/01/28/chinese-wedding-traditions-qun-gua/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sa ngunyan, bantog pa mananggad an ''qungua'' na gubing-pangkasal sa [[Tsina]], kaiba na sa [[Hong Kong|Hong kong]] asin [[Macau]].<ref name=":0" /> == Tradisyon == Kadtong [[dinastiyang Ming]], midbid an pambabayeng gubing-pangkasal na isinusulot kan mga maharlika asin ordinaryong tawo sa ''[[fengguan]] [[xiapei]]'' ({{Lang-zh|s=凤冠霞帔}}).<ref name=":2" /> An gubing-pangkasal na isinusulot sa dinastiyang Ming, padagos na nakaimpluwensya sa gubing-pangkasal sa mga huring siglo.<ref name=":2" /> An inaapod na ''qungua'', nagpoon na isulot kadtong ika-18 siglo sa panahon kan [[dinastiyang Qing]].<ref name=":0" /> Hali an ''qungua'' sa [[Guangdong]] kang si ''Liang Zhu,'' na sarong politikong Guangdong kan [[dinastiyang Qing]], pigtawan nin onra nin sarong silk wedding dress na may burda nin mga dragon asin phoenix kan Qing Emperor kadtong panahon kan kasal kan saiyang aking babaye.<ref name=":4" /> Ini an nagtulod sa paggamit nin ''qungua'' sa lugar kan Guangdong.<ref name=":4" /> Kadtong ika-18 siglo, nagpopoon na maghabol an mga ina na Intsik nin qungua sa sandaling ipinangaki an sarong aking babaye sa pamilya.<ref name=":0" /> Ibubugtak an ''qungua'' bilang parte kan dote sa nobya kan aking babaye pag ipigkasal siya.<ref name=":0" /> Minasunod an qungua sa suanoy na tradisyonal na sistema kan [[Ruqun|shangyi xiashang]] ({{Lang-zh|s=上衣下裳}}; pang-itaas asin ibabang gubing).<ref name=":2" /> == Konstruksyon asin Disenyo == Binibilog an qungua nin: * ''Gua'' (褂): Sarong dyaket na Intsik na nagsasara sa hampang na igwang mga butones,<ref name=":6" /> * ''Qun'' (裙): sarong ordinaryong termino kan palda; an ''qun'' na isinusulot kan ''qungua'', sarong halabang palda na komon tanos an banga.<ref name=":1" /> Pwedeng igwang tiklop an palda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinese Wedding Gown (Qun Gua)|url=https://collections.qm.qld.gov.au/objects/CH61199/chinese-wedding-gown-qun-gua|access-date=2021-06-04|website=Queensland Museum Collections Online|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604152133/https://collections.qm.qld.gov.au/objects/CH61199/chinese-wedding-gown-qun-gua|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Dukot === Kumbaga igwang posibilidad na puti an kolor kan [[Gubing pangkasal|badong pangkasal kan Kasulnopan]], pigpapaboran kan tradisyonal na bado sa kasal kan Intsik an paggamit kan pula asin bulawan na kolor.<ref name=":0" /> An dyaket na ''gua'', orihinal na kolor na itom mantang orihinal na kolor na pula an palda.<ref name=":3" /> Nagbutwa sana kadtong 1960s an gua na ganap na pula an kolor.<ref name=":3" /> Poon kaidto an tradisyunal na itom na ''gua'' asin pulang ''qun'', nagpoon gamiton para sa ina kan nobya imbes na isulot mismo kan mga nobya.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><gallery> File:Thomas Child, Bride and Groom.jpg|Nobya na nakasulot nin dinastiyang Qing na ''qungua''. File:Old Chinese wedding dresses.jpg|An ''Qungua'' (wala) na isinusulot kan mga Intsik na nobya, 1900s. File:Dress, two piece (AM 2013.18.1-8).jpg|An ''Qungua'' sarong duwang pidasong bado na kasulutan: itom na ''gua'' asin pula na ''qun.'' File:Dress, two piece (AM 2013.18.1-26).jpg|Halabang palda na ''qun'' File:Chinese bridal wedding gown.jpg|Pulang ''gua'' File:Dress, two piece (AM 2013.18.1-7).jpg|Paggibo kan itom na dyaket na ''gua''. File:Chinese wedding jacket, early 20th century, East-West Center.JPG|Itom na ''gua'' </gallery> === Pagbuburda === An qungua komon igwang burda nin ''halabang (''龙) mga dragon asin phoenix na ''feng'' (凤).<ref name=":2" /> Pwede man ining disenyuhan nin iba pang mapalad na mga simbolo, arog kan granada (simbolo para sa pagkamayabong), burak nin peoni, burak nin lotus, paniki, goldpis, kolagbaw asin mga gamgam.<ref name=":3" /> Sa ngunyan, igwa nin 5 manlainlain na tipo kan qungua na pinangaranan susog sa porsyento kan pagbuburda na nagtatakop sa bado.:<ref name=":0" /> # '''Xiao wu fu (小五福):''' 30% na natatakupan nin burda, # '''Zhong wu fu (中五福):''' 50% na natatakupan nin burda # '''Da Wu fu (大五福):''' 70% na natatakupan nin burda # '''Gua Hou (褂后):''' 90% na natatakupan nin burda # '''Gua Huang (褂皇):''' 100% na natatakupan nin burda == Pagkakaiba sa ibang kasulotan == === mga bado na Intsik === ==== Fengguan xiapei ==== An ''fengguan xiapei'' ({{Lang-zh|s=凤冠霞帔}}) saro pang tipo kan set nin kasulutan sa kasal nin Tradisyonal na [[Intsik na Han]] na isinusulot kadtong mga dinastiyang [[dinastiyang Ming|Ming]] asin [[dinastiyang Qing|Qing]].<ref name=":2" /> Binibilog an sarong kasulutan nin pulang ''mangao'' ({{Lang-zh|s=蟒袄|l=Dragon jacket}}: na sarong tipo kan estilong dinastiyang Ming na [[Yuanlingshan|pabilog na kwelyo na bado]]ng pigdekorasyunan nin mga dragon, na isinusuot kan mga babayeng Intsik na Han bilang gubing kan korte), an [[xiapei]] ({{Lang-zh|s=霞帔}}; sarong tipo kan halabang bandana sa Ming asin sarong tipo nin stola sa Qing), an ''mang chu'' ({{Lang-zh|l=Dragon skirt}}; sarong palda na pwedeng pula o berde asin may burda nin mga dragon asin phoenix sa hampang asin likod na lapel kan palda), asin sarong [[Fengguan|phoenix coronet]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Garrett|first=Valery M.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154701513|title=Chinese dress : from the Qing Dynasty to the Present|date=2007|publisher=Tuttle Pub|isbn=978-0-8048-3663-0|location=Tokyo|oclc=154701513}}</ref> Minsan an gubing nin Kasal pigdekorasyunan nin [[Kwelyong panginuron|kwelyong panginuron kan Intsik]].<ref name=":5" /> Kasunod kan kasal, ilalauman na magsulot nin ''fengguan xiapei'' an mga babaeng may agom sa mga pormal na okasyon, arog pa man kaito, pantalon o leggings an isinusulot sa irarom imbes na palda.<ref name=":5" /><gallery> File:五品官員夫婦像.jpg|Ming dynasty ''fengguan xiapei.'' File:Traditional chinese wedding.jpg|Pagpapakarhay giraray nin ''fengguan xiapei'' kan dinastiyang Ming. File:Qing Dynasty Lady in a red robe.jpg|Ladawan kan ginang na naka''fengguan xiapei'' sa dinastiyang Qing, File:七十一代衍聖公 元配陳夫人衣冠像.jpg|an dinastiyang Qing na ''fengguan xiapei'' (凤冠霞帔), sarong [[Kwelyong panginuron|yunjian]] yaon sa ibabaw kan kasulotan. </gallery> ==== Xiu he fu ==== Naiiba man an ''qungua'' sa saro pang Chinese wedding set of attire na inaapod na '''''xiu he fu''''' ({{Lang-zh|t=繡和服|s=秀禾服}}).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Hali man an ''xiu he fu'' sa [[dinastiyang Qing]] asin isinusuot bilang saro pang tipo nin gubing-pangkasal sa dinastiyang Qing; saro ining tipo kan ''[[Ruqun|aoqun]]'' na isinusulot bilang gubing-pangkasal.<ref name=":2" /> Naging midbid an kasal sa dinastiyang Qing na ''aoqun'' kadtong 2001 kang nagsulot an aktres na si ''Xiu He'' nin modernong recreation version kaini sa Chinese TV series na [[:zh:橘子紅了_(電視劇)|"Orange turned red"]] dangan aeog kaito, nakua an kontemporaryong pangaran kaini.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Xiu He Fu {{!}} Traditional Chinese Wedding Costume|url=https://www.jinweddings.com/xiu-he-fu|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Jin Weddings|language=en}}</ref> Igwang nakapatong na dyaket an ''xiu he fu'' na nagsasarado sa tuong parte (imbes na an ''qungua'' central closing jacket) na isinusulot kan A-line skirt (''qun)'' na garo kaarog kan [[mamianqun]] imbes na sarong palda na tanos na banga.<ref name=":1" /> Komon igwang burda an ''xiu he fu'' minasimbolo nin pagkamoot sa bilog na panahon.<ref name=":2" /><gallery> File:Woman's wedding costume from China, Honolulu Museum of Art 10128.1.JPG|[[Dinastiyang Qing]] ''Xiu he fu'', sarong porma nin [[Ruqun|aoqun]] na isinusulot para sa kasal. File:A BRIDE.jpg|Sarong nobya nin Intsik na nakasulot nu kasal aoqun, dinastiyang Qing. </gallery> ==== Cheongsam ==== Lain an ''qungua'' sa [[cheongsam]] na pwede man isulot bilang sarong Traditional Chinese wedding dress.<ref name=":2" /> An ''qungua'' sarong duwang pidasong gubing na binibilog nin dyaket asin palda mantang an modernong cheongsam, sarong pidaso na bado.<ref name=":6" /> Bago an 1930s asin 1940s, saro man duwang pidaso nin bado na binibilog nin halabang bado asin isinusulot sa sarong pares kan pantalon.<ref name=":6" /><gallery> File:Traditional Chinese wedding ceremony.jpg|Nobya nin Intsik na igwang dara nin [[cheongsam]] para sa seremonya nin kasal </gallery> == Mga pinagkuanan == {{Reflist}} {{Tamboan}} 65iklf1bj7uxw4vrw5v8b8i3xy8xhh3 0 44613 310064 303042 2026-08-31T13:38:38Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | native_name = Partei der Humanisten | logo = File:PdH Logo B RGB.svg | logo_size = 250px | caption = | colorcode = {{party color|Party of Humanists}} | chairperson = Lasse Schäfer | general_secretary = Dominic Ressel | founded = {{Nowrap|{{Start date and years ago|df=yes|2014|10|4}}}} | headquarters = Beilsteiner Str. 21, 12681 [[Berlin]] | membership_year = 2022 | membership = {{Increase}} 2,300 | ideology = [[Secular humanism]]<br />[[Secular liberalism]]<br />[[Social liberalism]]<br />[[Civil libertarianism]]<br />[[Progressivism]] | colours = {{ublist | {{Color box|{{party color|Party of Humanists}}|border=darkgray}} Blue-magenta | {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} White | {{Color box|#0099FF|border=darkgray}} Light blue | {{Color box|#FF00FF|border=darkgray}} Magenta }} | seats1_title = [[Bundestag]] | seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|630|#99cc33}} | seats2_title = [[Composition of the German State Parliaments|State Parliaments]] | seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|1821|#99cc33}} | seats3_title = [[2014 European Parliament election in Germany|European Parliament]] | seats3 = {{Composition bar|0|96|#99cc33}} | flag = | website = {{URL|https://diehumanisten.de/}} | country = Germany }} An '''Party of Humanists''' ({{Lang-de|Partei der Humanisten}}) sarong [[Partido minoriya|partido politikal]] sa [[Alemanya]] na enot nagpartisipar sa [[2017 German federal election|2017 eleksyon pederal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/drehscheibe/partei-humanisten-100.html|title=Partei der Humanisten|website=Zdf.de|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> ==Plataporma nin partido== An ideolohiyang katugmaran kan partido iyo an [[ebolusyonaryong humanismo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.diehumanisten.de/mission/ | title=Mission Statement }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ubod na mga tema kan partido iyo an syensia asin edukasyon, an deretso nin sadiring-pagboboot nin indibidwal, asin [[sekularisasyon]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.bpb.de/politik/wahlen/wer-steht-zur-wahl/bundestagswahl-2017/254484/die-humanisten|title=Partei der Humanisten - bpb|first=Bundeszentrale für politische|last=Bildung|website=Bpb.de}}</ref> Halimbawa, an partido sinusuportaran an [[Drug liberalization|liberal]] aasin sadiring pagboboot sa paggamit nin mga druga,<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://hpd.de/artikel/legalize-and-humanize-it-13307|title=Humanistischer Pressedienst - Legalize and Humanize it!|website=Hpd.de|date=13 July 2016 |language=de|access-date=2017-08-08}}</ref> inaampoyonan an legal asin boluntaryong [[euthanasia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dghs.de/presse/aktionen/dghs-wahlpruefsteine-2017/partei-der-humanisten.html|title=DGHS - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humanes Sterben - Partei der Humanisten|first=bitzinger GmbH - Tobias|last=Siegler|website=Dghs.de|access-date=2023-09-03|archive-date=2019-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505163823/https://www.dghs.de/presse/aktionen/dghs-wahlpruefsteine-2017/partei-der-humanisten.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hpd.de/artikel/12377|title=Sterbehilfe – Das Recht auf das eigene Leben|website=Hpd.de|date=5 November 2015 |access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> asin ini kontra sa pagtuturi nin mga aki.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parteiderhumanisten.de/wp2/2015/05/06/weltweiter-tag-genitaler-selbstbestimmung/|title=Weltweiter Tag der genitalen Selbstbestimmung|date=6 May 2015|website=Parteiderhumanisten.de|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174314/https://parteiderhumanisten.de/wp2/2015/05/06/weltweiter-tag-genitaler-selbstbestimmung/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> TAn partido inaampoyonan man an implementasyoin kan inaapod na [[universal basic income]].<ref name=":0" /> Sa ngonyan, an Party of Humanists iyo sana ini an partido sa [[Alemanya]] na tuyong tinuturuhokan an [[Irreligion in Germany|bakong-relihiyoso]]ng mga namamanwaan, mga [[Freethought|freethinkers]], asin mga [[ateista]] bilang mga botante.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/partei-der-humanisten-politiker-stellen-sich-gerne-neben.886.de.html?dram:article_id=380293|title=Partei der Humanisten - "Politiker stellen sich gerne neben Religionsführer"|website=Deutschlandfunk.de|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tam,boan}} [[Kategorya:Mga Partido politikal nin Alemanya]] th830nrlj0f4o1ythq229u7dqtbgelw 0 46096 310074 272810 2026-08-31T16:04:40Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer|name=Souvankham Thammavongsa|image=|birth_date=1978|birth_place=[[Nong Khai Refugee camp|Nong Khai]], [[Thailand]]|occupation=Parasurat|period=2000s–presente|nationality=[[Canadians|Canadian]]|notableworks=''Small Arguments'', ''Found'', ''Light'', ''[[How to Pronounce Knife]]'', ''Slingshot''|spouse=|website=}} Si '''Souvankham Thammavongsa''' sarong taga-[[Laos]] asin taga-[[Kanada]] na manrarawitdawit asin parasurat nin halipot na osipon. Kan 2019, nanggana siya nin [[:en:O._Henry_Award|O. Henry Award]] para sa halipot niyang istorya, an "Slingshot", na napublikar sa [[:en:Harper's_Magazine|''Harper's Magazine'']], <ref>{{cite news|last1=van Koeverden|first1=Jane|title=Canadians Alexander MacLeod, Souvankham Thammavongsa & n O. Henry Prize|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/canadians-alexander-macleod-souvankham-thammavongsa-john-keeble-win-o-henry-prize-1.5139126|access-date=May 25, 2019|publisher=CBC News|date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> asin kan 2020 ang saiyang koleksyon nin halipot na osipon ''[[:en:How_to_Pronounce_Knife|How to Pronounce Knife]]'' nanggana nin [[:en:Giller_Prize|Giller Prize]]. <ref>{{cite news|first=Adina|last=Bresge|url=https://www.thespec.com/ts/entertainment/books/2020/11/09/five-writers-to-be-feted-at-first-virtual-100k-giller-prize-ceremony.html|title=Souvankham Thammavongsa wins Giller Prize for 'How to Pronounce Knife'|publisher=[[Hamilton Spectator]]|access-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref> == Buhay == Si Thammavongsa namundag sa kampo nin mga refugee kan mga Lao sa [[Nong Khai]], [[Thailand]] kan 1978. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poetryinvoice.com/poems/poets/souvankham-thammavongsa|title=Souvankham Thammavongsa|publisher=Canada Council for the Arts|website=Poetry In Voice|access-date=February 8, 2021|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124014650/https://www.poetryinvoice.com/poems/poets/souvankham-thammavongsa|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Siya asin an saiyang mga magurang pinapadrinohan nin pamilya sa Kanada kan siya sarong taon pa sana. <ref>{{cite web|title=Into the Field: Souvankham Thammavongsa|url=https://jacket2.org/category/commentary-tags/souvankham-thammavongsa|publisher=Jacket2|access-date=June 19, 2014}}</ref> Siya nagdakula asin nagklase sa [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Souvankham Thammavongsa|url=http://www.versefest.ca/2014/poets/souvankham-thammavongsa/|publisher=Versefest|access-date=June 19, 2014|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414023623/http://www.versefest.ca/2014/poets/souvankham-thammavongsa/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Siya man dae nagkua nin kursong MFA, asin sabi niya na nanodan niya magsurat sa pagbabasa. Kaiba sa mga paborito niyang parasurat sina Alice Munro, Carson McCullers, Flannery O’Connor, asin Tennessee Williams. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-05|title=Poet Souvankham Thammavongsa shifts gears with a sharp and steely new collection of short stories|url=https://quillandquire.com/authors/poet-souvankham-thammavongsa-shifts-gears-with-a-sharp-and-steely-new-collection-of-short-stories/|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Quill and Quire|language=en}}</ref> An saiyang inot na libro, ''Small Arguments,'' nanggana nin [[:en:ReLit_Awards|ReLit Award]] kan 2004. <ref>{{cite web|title=Thammavongsa Souvankham|url=http://poets.ca/members_data/node/563|publisher=Poets.ca|access-date=June 19, 2014|archive-date=November 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103065704/http://poets.ca/members_data/node/563|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An saiyang pangaduwang libro, ''Found,'' ginibuhan nin halipot na pelikula ni Paramita Nath.<ref>{{cite web|title=Found: The Film (Trailer)|url=http://www.foundthefilm.com/trailer.html|access-date=June 19, 2014|archive-date=November 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108085825/http://foundthefilm.com/trailer.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An saiyang pangatulong libro, ''Light,'' nanggana nin [[:en:Trillium_Book_Award|Trillium Book Award]] para sa mga Rawitdawit kan 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.omdc.on.ca/book/trillium_book_award/trillium_book_award_winners.htm|title=Trillium Book Award Winners|publisher=|access-date=November 29, 2016|accessdate=November 10, 2023|archivedate=October 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029005007/http://www.omdc.on.ca/Book/Trillium_Book_Award/Trillium_Book_Award_Winners.htm}}</ref> An saiyang halipot na osipon, "''How to Pronounce Knife''"'','' na-shortlist para sa 2015 Commonwealth Short Story Prize hali sa 4,000 na entra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthwriters.org/2015-commonwealth-short-story-prize-shortlist/|title=2015 Commonwealth Short Story Prize Shortlist|date=March 31, 2015|publisher=Commonwealth Writers|access-date=November 29, 2016|archive-date=October 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007043544/http://www.commonwealthwriters.org/2015-commonwealth-short-story-prize-shortlist/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kan 2016, duwa sa saiyang istorya'', "Mani Pedi"'' asin ''"Paris"'', na longlist sa the Journey Prize. <ref>"[https://laowriters.wordpress.com/2016/10/15/journey-prize-longlists-souvankham-thammavongsa-twice/ Journey Prize longlists Souvankham Thammavongsa twice]." Lao American Review. Nakua Nobyembre 30, 2017.</ref> An saiyang inot na koleksyon nin mga halipot na osipon, an ''How to Pronounce Knife,'' naipublikar kan 2020. <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/books/47-works-of-canadian-fiction-to-watch-for-in-spring-2020-1.5426273 "47 works of Canadian fiction to watch for in spring 2020"]. [[:en:CBC_Books|CBC Books]], Pebrero 5, 2020.</ref> An Australyanong kritiko sa literary na si [[Kerryn Goldsworthy]], sinurat patungkol sa mga osipon na "an lenggwahe ekonomikal alagad emosyonal." <ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldsworthy|first=Kerryn|date=August 21, 2020|title=Fiction reviews: How to Pronounce Knife and three other titles|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/fiction-reviews-how-to-pronounce-knife-and-three-other-titles-20200814-p55lqp.html|access-date=August 22, 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> Sa libro, gikan sa saiyang pagdakula bilang sarong aking babayi nin mga immigranteng taga-Laos an paggibo kan 14 na istorya, kada saro patungkol sa pagiging dayuhan asin pagkakairibanan. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Channing|first=Cornelia|date=2020-04-23|title=Laughter as a Shield: An Interview with Souvankham Thammavongsa|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/04/23/laughter-as-a-shield-an-interview-with-souvankham-thammavongsa/|access-date=2021-05-12|website=The Paris Review|language=en}}</ref> An libro na-shortlist sa Giller Prize <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/books/3-novels-2-short-story-collections-shortlisted-for-100k-scotiabank-giller-prize-1.5749501 "3 novels, 2 short story collections shortlisted for $100K Scotiabank Giller Prize"]. [[:en:CBC_Books|CBC Books]], Oktubre 5, 2020.</ref>, asin nanggana nin award kan Nobyembre 9, 2020. Kan 2021, an libro nanggana nin 20,000 Canadian Dollars [[:en:Trillium_Book_Award|Trillium Book Award]], <ref>{{Cite web|title=Souvankham Thammavongsa wins $20K Trillium Book Award for How to Pronounce Knife|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/souvankham-thammavongsa-wins-20k-trillium-book-award-for-how-to-pronounce-knife-1.6067568|date=June 16, 2021|website=CBC Books|language=en-US|access-date=June 21, 2021}}</ref> asin na-shortlist na finalist sa [[:en:Danuta_Gleed_Literary_Award|Danuta Gleed Literary Award]] kan 2021. <ref>Vicky Qiao, [https://www.cbc.ca/books/jack-wang-wins-10k-danuta-gleed-literary-award-for-best-first-short-story-collection-for-we-two-alone-1.6043957 "Jack Wang wins $10K Danuta Gleed Literary Award for best first short story collection for We Two Alone"]. [[:en:CBC_Books|CBC Books]], Mayo 28, 2021.</ref> Si Thammavongsa sarong hurado para sa 2021 Griffin Poetry Prize <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/judges/2021-judges/|title=Griffin Poetry Prize - 2021 Judges|website=Griffin Poetry Prize}}</ref> Siya man naging bisitang editor kan 2021 Best Canadian Poetry <ref>{{citation|url=http://biblioasis.com/shop/forthcoming/best-canadian-poetry-2021/|title=Biblioasis - Best Canadian Poetry 2021|website=Biblioasis Books}}</ref> == Mga Gibo == === Koleksyon nin mga Rawitdawit === * Small Arguments (Pedlar Press, 2023) * Found (Pedlar Press, 2007) * Light (Pedlar Press, 2013) * Cluster (McClelland & Stewart / Penguin Random House, 2019) <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/books/20-works-of-canadian-poetry-to-check-out-in-spring-2019-1.4988169 "20 works of Canadian poetry to check out in spring 2019"]. [[:en:CBC_Books|CBC Books]], Enero 25, 2019.</ref> === Halipot na Osipon === * "[http://www.joylandmagazine.com/regions/canada/ewwrrrkk Ewwrrrkk]" (''Joyland Magazine'', 2015) * [http://puritan-magazine.com/mani-pedi/ "Mani Pedi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219153119/http://puritan-magazine.com/mani-pedi/ |date=2017-12-19 }} (''The Puritan'', 2015) * [https://granta.com/how-to-pronounce-knife/ ''How to Pronounce Knife''.] {{subscription required}} (Granta, #141 special ''Canada'', 2017, pp 168 – 173, with a photo of her and her family 1983) * ''How to Pronounce Knife''. Stories. Penguin (2020, 192 pp) * [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/01/good-looking "Good-Looking"] (''The New Yorker'', 2021) == Mga Toltolan == [[Kategorya:1978 nagkamurundag]] [[Kategorya:Manrarawitdawit]] [[Kategorya:Babaying taga-Laos na Parasurat]] [[Kategorya:Manrarawirdawit na taga-Laos]] [[Kategorya:Babaying Manrarawitdawit]] [[Kategorya:Babaying Manrarawitdawit na taga-Laos]] [[Kategorya:Babaying Parasurat]] 5j9tzphmtmy0wwjiwwq9g54r5dxp6ea 0 52505 310073 301851 2026-08-31T15:53:08Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310073 wikitext text/x-wiki An [[Simbahan Katoliko]] iyo "an Katolikong Komunyon nin mga Simbahan, sinda iyo an Romano asin an Subangan, o Oriental, na igwang [[full communion]] sa Obispo kan Roma ([[Papa|an papa]])."<ref name="mcbrien">Richard P. McBrien. ''The Church: The Evolution of Catholicism.'' (New York: Harper One, 2008) p.447</ref> Midbid kan mga myembro an simbahan bilang iyo an [[People of God]], an [[Hawak ni Kristo]], an "Templo kan Espiritu Santo", iyo an nagkapira sa mga ngaran.<ref name="mcbrien" /> Susog sa ''[[Gaudium et spes]]'' kan [[Ikaduwang Konsilyo Vaticano|Vatican II]], an "simbahan igwang solamenteng katuyohan–na an [[kahadean kan Dios]] posibleng mag-abot asin an kaligtasan kan sangkatawohan posibleng makamtan."<ref name="mcbrien" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html|title=Gaudium et spes|website=Vatican.va}}</ref> ==Kada nasyon== ''Sa paagi kan pagklik kan ikono sa column titles, an table pwedeng mapakarhay giraray susog sa column.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ '''[[Simbahan Katoliko]] sa lambang nasyon''' ! Nasyon ! Pangkagabsan na populasyon ! data-sort-type="number" | % Katoliko ! data-sort-type="number" | Catholic total |- [[Central Asia]] | {{flag|Afghanistan}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Afghanistan|details]]) | align="right" | 29,928,987 | align="center" | 0% | align="right" | 0<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Catholic News Agency]]|title=The leader of Afghanistan's Catholic community longs to return to the country |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/249728/the-leader-of-afghanistan-s-catholic-community-longs-to-return-to-the-country|access-date=24 August 2023|first=Andrea|last=Gagliarducci|date=29 November 2021}}</ref> |- [[Southern Europe]] | {{flag|Albania}} ([[Catholicism in Albania|details]]) | align="right" | 3,020,000 | align="center" | 10%<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/en/census/census-2011/census-data.aspx|title=Census Data - INSTAT|date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113172816/http://www.instat.gov.al/en/census/census-2011/census-data.aspx |access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> | align="right" | 302,000 |- [[North Africa]] | {{flag|Algeria}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Algeria|details]]) | align="right" | 32,531,853 | align="center" | 0.14%<ref name="rm">[[Mary-Jane Deeb|Deeb, Mary Jane]]. "Religious minorities" ''Algeria (Country Study)''. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; Helen Chapan Metz, ed. December 1993. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]]''.[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/about.html]</ref> | align="right" | 45,000 |- [[Southern Europe]] | {{flag|Andorra}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Andorra|details]]) | align="right" | 70,000 | align="center" | 88.2%<ref name=PEW10 /> | align="right" | 61,740 |- [[Southern Africa]] | {{flag|Angola}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Angola|details]]) | align="right" | 35,121,734 | align="center" | 41.1%<ref name="CensoAO">{{cite web | title=Angolan Population Census 2014 | url=https://www.ine.gov.ao/Arquivos/arquivosCarregados/Carregados/Publicacao_637981512172633350.pdf | date=March 2016 | language=pt}}</ref>–50%<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2015|website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref>–55%<ref>{{cite web|year=2015|title=Introduction - Religions in Angola: History, Gender and Politics |publisher=[[Queen's University Belfast]]|url=https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/17157569/SSM_Introduction_Angola_2015.pdf}}</ref>–56.4%<ref>{{cite web|date=2015|title=Angola|access-date=18 May 2020|publisher=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]]|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_7_1.asp|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030191322/https://thearda.com/internationalData/Countries/Country_7_1.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>–60%<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idw0DQAAQBAJ&q=60%25+Angola+Catholic&pg=PA69|page=69|last=Joseph|first=Paul|isbn=9781483359885|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2016|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives}}</ref> | align="right" | 12,500,000–20,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/02/igrejas-evangelicas-competem-com-a-catolica-em-angola.html|last=Presse|first=France|title=Igrejas evangélicas competem com a católica em Angola|date=7 February 2013|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}</ref> |- [[North America]] | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Antigua and Barbuda|details]]) | align="right" | 84,816 | align="center" | 5.5%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=ATGPHC2011&lang=ENG|title=Antigua and Barbuda (2011 census)|access-date=2025-05-12|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525223150/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=ATGPHC2011&lang=ENG|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | align="right" | 4,752 |- [[South America]] | {{flag|Argentina}} ([[Catholicism in Argentina|details]]) | align="right" | 47,300,000 | align="center" | 62.9%<ref>South America: Argentina - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency cia.gov 27 April 2023.</ref>–63%<ref>[http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ii25-2encuestacreencias.pdf Segunda Encuesta Nacional Sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas en Argentina 2019], Ceil-conicet.gov.ar</ref><ref name="latino24">[https://www.latinobarometro.org/lat.jsp Latinobarometro Informe 2024]</ref>–63.3%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp|title=Latinobarómetro Database|website=Latinobarometro.org}}</ref>–66%<ref name=latinobarometro/>-67.8%<ref name="statista22">{{cite news|title=Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religions in Latin America|url=https://es.statista.com/grafico/28553/las-religiones-mas-comunes-en-latinoamerica/|work=Statista|date=26 October 2022}}</ref> | align="right" | 29,500,000–31,200,000 |- [[Caucasus]] | {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Catholicism in Armenia|details]]) | align="right" | 3,018,854 | align="center" | 0.3%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf|title= Armenia (2011 census)}}</ref> | align="right" | 8,695 |- [[Oceania]] | {{flag|Australia}} ([[Catholic Church in Australia|details]]) | align="right" | 25,380,000 | align="center" | 20.0%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx|format=XLSX|title=Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile|website=Abs.gov.au|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> | align="right" | 5,076,000 |- [[Central Europe]] | {{flag|Austria}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Austria|details]]) | align="right" | 9,185,000 | align="center" | 50.6% | align="right" | 4,640,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.katholisch.at/statistik |title=Statistics|work= Catholic Church Austria}}</ref> |- [[Caucasus]] | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Azerbaijan|details]]) | align="right" | 8,581,400 | align="center" | 0.03% | align="right" | 2,574 |- [[Caribbean]] | {{flag|Bahamas}} ([[Roman Catholicism in the Bahamas|details]]) | align="right" | 330,000 | align="center" | 12%<ref name=FACTBOOK /> | align="right" | 39,600 |- [[Middle East]] | {{flag|Bahrain}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Bahrain|details]]) | align="right" | 800,000 | align="center" | 8.9%<ref name=PEW10 /> | align="right" | 71,200 |- [[South Asia]] | {{flag|Bangladesh}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Bangladesh|details]]) | align="right" | 158,000,000 | align="center" | 0.07% | align="right" | 110,000<ref name=PEW10 /> |- [[Caribbean]] | {{flag|Barbados}} ([[Religion in Barbados|details]]) | align="right" | 250,012 | align="center" | 4.2%<ref name=FACTBOOK /> | align="right" | 10,000 |- [[Eastern Europe]] | {{flag|Belarus}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Belarus|details]]) | align="right" | 9,500,000 | align="center" | 7.1%<ref name=mfa>{{cite web|title=Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus|url=http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014085840/http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" | 674,500 |- [[Western Europe]] | {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Belgium|details]]) | align="right" | 11,200,000 | align="center" | 44%<ref name="EB2021">{{cite web|url=https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s2237_95_2_516_eng?locale=en|via=[[European Data Portal]] (see Volume C: Country/socio-demographics: BE: Question D90.2.)|title=Special Eurobarometer 516 : European citizens' knowledge and attitudes towards science and technology|publisher=[[European Union]]: [[European Commission]]|date=September 2021|access-date=20 May 2023}}</ref> | align="right" | 5,000,000–6,500,000 |- [[Central America]] | {{flag|Belize}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Belize|details]]) | align="right" | 334,000 | align="center" | 40%<ref name="belize2000">{{Cite web|url=https://belize.com/belize-demographics/|title=Belize Demographics Country Profile &#124; With Belize Census Data|website=Belize.com|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> | align="right" | 133,600 |- [[West Africa]] | {{flag|Benin}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Benin|details]]) | align="right" | 7,460,025 | align="center" | 26.6%<ref name=clerus.org>{{cite web|url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm|title= Data|publisher=[[Congregation for the Clergy]]|access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> | align="right" | 1,984,366 |- [[South Asia]] | {{flag|Bhutan}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Bhutan|details]]) | align="right" | 2,232,291 | align="center" | 0.06% | align="right" | 1,339 |- [[South America]] | {{flag|Bolivia}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Bolivia|details]]) | align="right" | 10,500,000 | align="center" | 63%<ref name="latino24"/>-70%<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066911/religious-affiliation-in-bolivia/ | title=Religion affiliation in Bolivia as of 2018, by type | date=29 April 2020 | first=Marina | last=Pasquali | publisher=statista.com | access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref>–73%<ref name=latinobarometro />–77%<ref name="Pew Latin"/> | align="right" | 7,980,000 |- [[Southern Europe]] | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina|details]]) | align="right" | 3,531,159 | align="center" | 15.19%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" | 536,333 |- [[Southern Africa]] | {{flag|Botswana}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Botswana|details]]) | align="right" | 1,640,115 | align="center" | 4.9% | align="right" | 80,365 |- [[South America]] | {{flag|Brazil}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Brazil|details]]) | align="right" | 210,600,000 | align="center" | 46%<ref name="latino24"/>-50%<ref name="2020estimate"> [https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/01/13/50percent-dos-brasileiros-sao-catolicos-31percent-evangelicos-e-10percent-nao-tem-religiao-diz-datafolha.ghtml - 50% dos brasileiros são católicos, 31%, evangélicos e 10% não têm religião, diz Datafolha. 2020] Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref>–54%<ref name=latinobarometro />–54.7%<ref>"Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religion in Latin America" Statista 26 October 2022.</ref>–58.1%<ref>{{cite web|title=Religion affiliation in Brazil as of 2018, by type |publisher=[[Statista]]|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066928/religious-affiliation-in-brazil/}}</ref>–61%<ref name="Pew Latin">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america|title=Religion in Latin America|date=13 November 2014|publisher=[[Pew Forum]]|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref>–64.6%<ref>[https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/reinaldo/o-ibge-e-a-religiao-cristaos-sao-86-8-do-brasil-catolicos-caem-para-64-6-evangelicos-ja-sao-22-2/ O IBGE e a religião — Cristãos são 86,8% do Brasil; católicos caem para 64,6%; evangélicos já são 22,2%] [[Reinaldo Azevedo]] in [[Veja (magazine)|Veja]]</ref>–65.0%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population|title=The Global Catholic Population|date=2013-02-13}}</ref>-70.57%<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Brazil {{!}} World Religion |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=31c |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.thearda.com}}</ref> | align="right" | 105,300,000–134,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/03/america-latina-abriga-40-dos-catolicos-do-mundo.html|title=América Latina abriga 40% dos católicos do mundo|first=France|last=Presse|date=13 March 2013|website=Mundo}}</ref>–140,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaudiumpress.org/content/24332-mexico-e-o-segundo-pais-com-mais-catolicos-no-mundo-informam-dados-oficiais-mexicanos/|title=México é o segundo país com mais católicos no mundo, informam dados oficiais mexicanos|date=10 March 2011|website=Gaudium Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catracalivre.com.br/viagem-livre/importancia-do-turismo-religioso-pelo-mundo/|title=A importância do turismo religioso pelo mundo|date=9 July 2017|website=Catraca Livre}}</ref> |- [[Southeast Asia]] | {{flag|Brunei}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Brunei|details]]) | align="right" | 372,361 | align="center" | 5%<ref name=PEW10 /> | align="right" | 38,709 |- [[Southern Europe]] | {{flag|Bulgaria}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Bulgaria|details]]) | align="right" | 6,445,481 | align="center" | 0.6%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Census2021_ethnos.pdf|title= Bulgaria (2021 census)}}</ref> | align="right" | 38,709 |- [[West Africa]] | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Burkina Faso|details]]) | align="right" | 13,925,313 | align="center" | 20.1%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/|title=Burkina Faso (2019 census)|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030716/https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" | 4,121,536 |- [[East Africa]] | {{flag|Burundi}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Burundi|details]]) | align="right" | 12,000,000 | align="center" | 62.1%<ref name=FACTBOOK /> | align="right" | 7,440,000 |- [[West Africa]] | {{flag|Cabo Verde}} ([[Religion in Cape Verde|details]]) | align="right" | 512,096 | align="center" | 77.3%<ref name=FACTBOOK /> | align="right" | 395,850 |- [[Southeast Asia]] | {{flag|Cambodia}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Cambodia|details]]) | align="right" | 13,607,069 | align="center" | <0.1% | align="right" | <10,000<ref name=PEW10 /> |- [[Central Africa]] | {{flag|Cameroon}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Cameroon|details]]) | align="right" | 31,000,000 | align="center" | 33.1%<ref>{{Citation |title=Cameroon |date=2024-08-28 |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=2021-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110023649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>–38.4%<ref name="FACTBOOK" /> | align="right" | 10,300,000 |- [[North America]] | {{flag|Canada}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Canada|details]]) | align="right" | 40,769,890<ref>http://www.cbc.ca and infostats@statcan.gc.ca (2024)</ref> | align="center" | 29.9<ref name="religion2021d">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=0&SearchText=Canada |title=Religions in Canada—Census 2021 |date=October 26, 2022 |publisher=Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada}}</ref> | align="right" | 12,189,931 |- [[Central Africa]] | {{flag|Central African Republic}} ([[Roman Catholicism in the Central African Republic|details]]) | align="right" | 3,799,897 | align="center" | 29%<ref>{{cite web|title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2016|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2016&dlid=268630|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref> | align="right" | 949,974 |- [[Central Africa]] | {{flag|Chad}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Chad|details]]) | align="right" | 12,000,000 | align="center" | 20%<ref name=FACTBOOK />–22.8%<ref name=pewchad>[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Chad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216202531/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 |date=16 December 2013}}. [[Pew Research Center]]. 2010.</ref> | align="right" | 2,520,000 |- [[South America]] | {{flag|Chile}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Chile|details]]) | align="right" | 18,000,000 | align="center" | 42%<ref name="Encuesta">[https://encuestabicentenario.uc.cl/wp-content//uploads/2022/01/Encuesta-Bicentenario-2021-Religion.pdf "Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 2021: Religión"]</ref>–45%<ref>[https://encuestabicentenario.uc.cl/resultados/ "Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 2019: Religión"], Encuestabicentenario.uc.cl</ref>–52.6%<ref>"Catholicism and evangelism the two most common religions in Latin America" Statista 26 October 2022.</ref>–55%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207182725/http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>–64%<ref name="Pew Latin"/>–66.6%<ref>8 236 900 out of 12 366 108 people over 15 years of age. {{cite web|title=Population 15 years of age or older, by religion, region, sex and age groups. (censused population) |url=http://www.censo.cl/cuadros/censada/Cuadro06_1.xls |work=Censo 2012 |access-date=1 March 2014 |language=es |format=.xls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301095110/http://www.censo.cl/cuadros/censada/Cuadro06_1.xls |archive-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> | align="right" | 8,100,000–9,468,000–12,000,000 |- [[East Asia]] | {{flag|China}} ([[Roman Catholicism in China|details]]) | align="right" | 1,400,000,000 | align="center" | 0.43%–0.7%<ref name=PEW10 /> | align="right" | 6,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/37884/Document/1626520/1626520.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508020010/http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/37884/Document/1626520/1626520.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-05-08|title=《中国保障宗教信仰自由的政策和实践》白皮书（全文）|date=2018-04-03|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>–12,000,000<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49494016|publisher=[[BBC]]|title=Chinese Catholic bishop ordained with Pope's approval|date=28 August 2019|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> |- [[South America]] | {{flag|Colombia}} ([[Roman Catholicism in Colombia|details]]) | align="right" | 48,000,000 | align="center" | 57%<ref name="latino24"/>-70.9%<ref name="Colombia1">{{cite book |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |title=Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal' |first1=Beltrán |last1=Cely |first2=William |last2=Mauricio |year=2013 |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología |language=es |isbn=978-958-761-465-7 |page=101 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327173229/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Colombia2">{{cite journal|url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|title=Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia|first1=Beltrán|last1=Cely|first2=William|last2=Mauricio|journal=Universitas Humanística|volume=73|year=2012|pages=201–238|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329185722/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|archive-date=29 March 2014}} Based on a 2010 survey in "major cities throughout the country, many mid-size cities, and the rural region of Uraba".</ref>–73%<ref name="latinobarometro">[http://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/site/artic/20180112/asocfile/20180112124342/f00006494_religion_chile_america_latina_2017.pdf Latinobarometro], Cooperativa.cl, retrieved 8 February 2018.</ref>–75%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/vida-de-hoy/religion/informe-de-latinobarometro-sobre-el-c ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 0tijeraeggjb0kr4qtwg8mh38j3fh96 0 55597 310066 303529 2026-08-31T14:23:26Z Veritas Sapientiae 20441 Ibinalik na mga pagliwat ni [[Special:Contributions/~2026-19971-51|~2026-19971-51]] ([[User talk:~2026-19971-51|talk]]) sagkod sa huring rebisyon ni [[User:~2026-20061-22|~2026-20061-22]] 303525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Duolingo logo (2019).svg|thumb|]] An '''Duolingo, Inc.''' sarong Amerikanong kompanya nin [[teknolohiya sa edukasyon]] na naggigibo nin mga [[Mobile app|app]] sa pag-adal asin nagtatao nin [[sertipikasyon sa tataramon]]. An Duolingo nagtatao nin mga kurso sa 42 na tataramon, poon sa [[Ingles]], [[Pranses]], asin [[Espanyol]] sagkod sa mga tataramon na bakong gayong inaadalan arog kan [[Tataramon na Welsh|Welsh]], [[Tataramon na Irlandes|Irish]], asin [[Tataramon na Navajo|Navajo]], asin dawa an mga tataramon na ginibo arog kan [[Esperanto]] asin [[Tataramon na Klingon|Klingon]]. Nag-aalok man ini nin mga kurso sa [[musika]], [[matematika]], asin [[chess]]. An paagi nin pag-adal naglalaog nin [[gamification]] tanganing motibaron an mga paragamit sa mga puntos, premyo asin interaktibong mga leksyon na nagtatampok nin [[spaced repetition]]. An Duolingo nagtatao man nin [[Duolingo English Test]], sarong online na [[pagtasa sa tataramon]], asin an Duolingo ABC, sarong app sa literasiya na dinisenyo para sa mga kaakian. An kompanya nagsusunod sa sarong modelong [[freemium]], kun saen an nagkapirang laog itinatao nin libre na may advertising, asin an mga paragamit puedeng magbayad para sa mga serbisyong mayong ad na nagtatao nin dagdag na mga tampok. {{stub}} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == * [https://duolingo.com Official website] [[Kategorya:Mga tataramon]] 9qi0uraef8si7c1jl8k1y13c1x7qq22 0 56738 310078 310022 2026-08-31T17:10:50Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310078 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Tom Gabbay''' (namundag Abril 1, 1953) sarong taga Estados Unidos na nobelista asin [[screenwriter]], midbid na gayo kan saiyang seryeng Jack Teller na mga historical spy thrillers.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tom Gabbay |url=http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/29222/Tom_Gabbay/index.aspx |title=Tom Gabbay from HarperCollins Publishers |publisher=HarperCollins |date=2010-03-24 |accessdate=2013-12-14 |archive-date=2013-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609042425/http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/29222/Tom_Gabbay/index.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Si Gabbay namundag sa [[Bloomington, Indiana]]. Kaamayi sa saiyang karera, siya nagparaambag nin mga politikal na mga karton sa ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'', nagpryusir mga pelikula para sa mga pan-aking seryeng programa sa telebisyon na ''[[Sesame Street]]'', asin program executive kan [[NBC]] Television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdof.com/author_details.php?author=5291|title=The Internet Book Database of Fiction • Detailed view for the Author: Tom Gabbay|website=www.ibdof.com}}</ref> He has also written a number of screenplays and was creator and Executive Producer of the 1990s television series ''[[The Wanderer (1994 TV series)|The Wanderer]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108987/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |title=The Wanderer (TV Series 1994– ) |publisher=IMDb |accessdate=2013-12-14}}</ref> == Mga libro == * ''Access Point: A Psychological Thriller'' (2020) {{ISBN|9780061188602}} * ''The Tehran Conviction'' (2009) {{ISBN|9780061188602}}, {{OCLC|607535384}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-118845-9#path/978-0-06-118845-9 |title=Fiction Book Review: The Tehran Conviction by Tom Gabbay, Author . Morrow $24.99 (282p) ISBN 978-0-06-118845-9 |publisher=Publishersweekly.com |date=2009-03-16 |accessdate=2019-08-05}}</ref> * ''The Lisbon Crossing'' (2008) {{ISBN|9780061188442}}, {{OCLC|156818171}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.rockymountainnews.com/news/2007/mar/16/picks-of-the-week-march-16/ |title=Picks of the week, March 16 : TheRocky.com: Denver News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215131437/http://m.rockymountainnews.com/news/2007/mar/16/picks-of-the-week-march-16/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> * ''The Berlin Conspiracy'' (2006) {{ISBN|9780727866295}}, {{OCLC|488650182}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-078785-1#path/978-0-06-078785-1 |title=Fiction Book Review: The Berlin Conspiracy by Tom Gabbay, Author . Morrow $24.95 (294p) ISBN 978-0-06-078785-1 |publisher=Publishersweekly.com |date=2005-11-07 |accessdate=2019-08-05}}</ref> == Screen == * ''The Princess Stallion'' (1997) - screenwriter * ''[[The Wanderer (1994 TV series)|The Wanderer]]'' (1994) - creator and executive producer == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} {{Tamboan}} == Mga panluwas na takod == *{{official website|http://www.tomgabbay.com/}} *{{IMDb name|0299981}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gabbay, Tom}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1953na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga parasurat haleng Indiana]] [[en:Tom Gabbay]] fbdz1x0zz2uuvi7dubtm03xpvbmypih 0 56754 310079 2026-09-01T00:08:26Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "An '''Mahmudi''', midbid man sa apod na '''Pinyanişi''',<ref name=EC>{{cite book|author1=Evliya Çelebi|author2-link=Robert Dankoff|author2=Robert Dankoff|title=The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels (Seyahat-name)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiWSuO6fdQYC&pg=PA150|date=1 January 1991|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0640-3|pages=150–}}</ref> sarong Mga Kurdish..." 310079 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mahmudi''', midbid man sa apod na '''Pinyanişi''',<ref name=EC>{{cite book|author1=Evliya Çelebi|author2-link=Robert Dankoff|author2=Robert Dankoff|title=The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels (Seyahat-name)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiWSuO6fdQYC&pg=PA150|date=1 January 1991|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0640-3|pages=150–}}</ref> sarong [[Mga Kurdish na tribu|Kurdish na tribu]] makukua sa rona' nin [[Lake Van]]. == Historya == Susog ki [[Evliya Çelebi]] (1611–1682) an tribu igwang 60,000 na kawad<ref name="EC" /> An [[Mga YazidisYezidi]] Mahmudi'ng tribu leal na gayo sa mga [[Safavid]] kundi kan an saindang lider, si Hasan Beg, nagbaya sa [[Yazidismo|Yezidismo]] asin nagsumpa sa [[Islam]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Açikyildiz-Şengül|first=Birgül|date=2016-12-19|title=From Yezidism to Islam: Religious Architecture of the Mahmudî Dynasty in Khoshâb|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/20/3-4/article-p369_8.xml|journal=Iran and the Caucasus|volume=20|issue=3–4|pages=369–383|doi=10.1163/1573384X-20160307|issn=1609-8498|url-access=subscription}}</ref> asin nagkampi na sa mga Ottoman kan an mga ini nag'atake sa [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] ([[Azerbaijan (Iran)|ngonyan moderno mga Iranian Azerbaijan na]]) kan 1554 durante kan [[Safavid na Kampanya (1554–55)]].{{sfn|University of Wisconsin|2003|pp=123, 134}} An saindang pamayo, si [[Sarı Süleyman Bey]],<ref name="Farson1985">{{cite book|author=Daniel Farson|title=A Traveller in Turkey|url=https://archive.org/details/travellerinturke00fars|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1985|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7102-0281-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/travellerinturke00fars/page/78 78]}}</ref> pinagpapusog an [[Hoşap Castle]]<ref name="Nicolle2010">{{cite book|author=David Nicolle|title=Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9UVaLyo4UEC&pg=PA18|year=2010|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-503-6|pages=18–}}</ref> na yaon sa rona' nin Lake Van, kan 1643.<ref name="Çilingiroğlu1988">{{cite book|author=Altan Çilingiroğlu|title=The History of the Kingdom of Van, Urartu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcklAQAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Ofis Ticaret Matbaacilik Limited|page=54|isbn=9789759551506}}</ref> Sinda kadolon an mga [[Dinastiya Safavid|Safavid]], asin ta parati linulusob asin gustong sakopon sinda kan mga ini.<ref name=EC/> ==Hilnga man== *[[Kurdish tribes]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Ginunuan== *{{cite book|author=University of Wisconsin|title=International Journal of Turkish Studies|volume=9|issue=1–2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYVpAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=University of Wisconsin}} [[Kategorya:Mga tribung Kurdish]] [[Kategorya:Banwang Turkish Kurdish]] 2jar490ubot88s874kaq21ue2xsvfvv 310080 310079 2026-09-01T00:09:28Z Ringer 55 310080 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mahmudi''', midbid man sa apod na '''Pinyanişi''',<ref name=EC>{{cite book|author1=Evliya Çelebi|author2-link=Robert Dankoff|author2=Robert Dankoff|title=The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels (Seyahat-name)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiWSuO6fdQYC&pg=PA150|date=1 January 1991|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0640-3|pages=150–}}</ref> sarong [[Mga Kurdish na tribu|Kurdish na tribu]] makukua sa rona' nin [[Lake Van]]. == Historya == Susog ki [[Evliya Çelebi]] (1611–1682) an tribu igwang 60,000 na kawad<ref name="EC" /> An [[Mga YazidisYezidi]] Mahmudi'ng tribu leal na gayo sa mga [[Safavid]] kundi kan an saindang lider, si Hasan Beg, nagbaya sa [[Yazidismo|Yezidismo]] asin nagsumpa sa [[Islam]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Açikyildiz-Şengül|first=Birgül|date=2016-12-19|title=From Yezidism to Islam: Religious Architecture of the Mahmudî Dynasty in Khoshâb|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/20/3-4/article-p369_8.xml|journal=Iran and the Caucasus|volume=20|issue=3–4|pages=369–383|doi=10.1163/1573384X-20160307|issn=1609-8498|url-access=subscription}}</ref> asin nagkampi na sa mga Ottoman kan an mga ini nag'atake sa [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] ([[Azerbaijan (Iran)|ngonyan moderno mga Iranian Azerbaijan na]]) kan 1554 durante kan [[Safavid na Kampanya (1554–55)]].{{sfn|University of Wisconsin|2003|pp=123, 134}} An saindang pamayo, si [[Sarı Süleyman Bey]],<ref name="Farson1985">{{cite book|author=Daniel Farson|title=A Traveller in Turkey|url=https://archive.org/details/travellerinturke00fars|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1985|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7102-0281-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/travellerinturke00fars/page/78 78]}}</ref> pinagpapusog an [[Hoşap Castle]]<ref name="Nicolle2010">{{cite book|author=David Nicolle|title=Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9UVaLyo4UEC&pg=PA18|year=2010|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-503-6|pages=18–}}</ref> na yaon sa rona' nin Lake Van, kan 1643.<ref name="Çilingiroğlu1988">{{cite book|author=Altan Çilingiroğlu|title=The History of the Kingdom of Van, Urartu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcklAQAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Ofis Ticaret Matbaacilik Limited|page=54|isbn=9789759551506}}</ref> Sinda kadolon an mga [[Dinastiya Safavid|Safavid]], asin ta parati linulusob asin gustong sakopon sinda kan mga ini.<ref name=EC/> ==Hilnga man== *[[Kurdish tribes]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Ginunuan== *{{cite book|author=University of Wisconsin|title=International Journal of Turkish Studies|volume=9|issue=1–2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYVpAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=University of Wisconsin}} [[Kategorya:Mga tribung Kurdish]] [[Kategorya:Banwang Turkish Kurdish]] [[en:Mahmudi (tribe)]] 12rrjloska0cnyhlpnjlmrq30bfr4p7 310081 310080 2026-09-01T00:10:40Z Ringer 55 310081 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mahmudi''', midbid man sa apod na '''Pinyanişi''',<ref name=EC>{{cite book|author1=Evliya Çelebi|author2-link=Robert Dankoff|author2=Robert Dankoff|title=The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels (Seyahat-name)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiWSuO6fdQYC&pg=PA150|date=1 January 1991|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0640-3|pages=150–}}</ref> sarong [[Mga Kurdish na tribu|Kurdish na tribu]] makukua sa rona' nin [[Lake Van]]. == Historya == Susog ki [[Evliya Çelebi]] (1611–1682) an tribu igwang 60,000 na kawad<ref name="EC" /> An [[Mga YazidisYezidi]] Mahmudi'ng tribu leal na gayo sa mga [[Safavid]] kundi kan an saindang lider, si Hasan Beg, nagbaya sa [[Yazidismo|Yezidismo]] asin nagsumpa sa [[Islam]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Açikyildiz-Şengül|first=Birgül|date=2016-12-19|title=From Yezidism to Islam: Religious Architecture of the Mahmudî Dynasty in Khoshâb|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/20/3-4/article-p369_8.xml|journal=Iran and the Caucasus|volume=20|issue=3–4|pages=369–383|doi=10.1163/1573384X-20160307|issn=1609-8498|url-access=subscription}}</ref> asin nagkampi na sa mga Ottoman kan an mga ini nag'atake sa [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] ([[Azerbaijan (Iran)|ngonyan moderno mga Iranian Azerbaijan na]]) kan 1554 durante kan [[Safavid na Kampanya (1554–55)]].{{sfn|University of Wisconsin|2003|pp=123, 134}} An saindang pamayo, si [[Sarı Süleyman Bey]],<ref name="Farson1985">{{cite book|author=Daniel Farson|title=A Traveller in Turkey|url=https://archive.org/details/travellerinturke00fars|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1985|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7102-0281-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/travellerinturke00fars/page/78 78]}}</ref> pinagpapusog an [[Hoşap Castle]]<ref name="Nicolle2010">{{cite book|author=David Nicolle|title=Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9UVaLyo4UEC&pg=PA18|year=2010|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-503-6|pages=18–}}</ref> na yaon sa rona' nin Lake Van, kan 1643.<ref name="Çilingiroğlu1988">{{cite book|author=Altan Çilingiroğlu|title=The History of the Kingdom of Van, Urartu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcklAQAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Ofis Ticaret Matbaacilik Limited|page=54|isbn=9789759551506}}</ref> Sinda kadolon an mga [[Dinastiya Safavid|Safavid]], asin ta parati linulusob asin gustong sakopon sinda kan mga ini.<ref name=EC/> ==Hilnga man== *[[Kurdish tribes]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Ginunuan== *{{cite book|author=University of Wisconsin|title=International Journal of Turkish Studies|volume=9|issue=1–2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYVpAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=University of Wisconsin}} [[Kategorya:Mga tribung Kurdish]] [[Kategorya:Banwang Turkish Kurdish]] [[en:Mahmudi (tribe]] auxxlgofxcng6eg6w5pzazfwwpaiju9