Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8901 310170 215718 2026-09-06T14:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SerenaWilliamsJuly08.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Serena Williams (2008)]] Si '''Serena Jameka Williams''' (namundag, [[Septyembre 26]], [[1981]]) sarong Amerikanang propesyonal na parakawat-tennis, na dati Nu. 1 sa Kinaban sa ranking asin ngonyan ika-10 sa singles asin ika-20 sa doubles, katampad an tugang niyang si [[Venus Williams|Venus]]. An [[Women's Tennis Association]] pigtawan siyang ranking na Nu. 1 sa singles sa limang suwaysuway na okasyon. Nabawi niya ini sa ika-limang beses giraray kan Nobyembre 2, 2009. Nagin siyang Nu. 1 sa Kinaban enot na beses kan Hulyo 8, 2002. Siya konsideradong saro sa pinakamahusay na parakawat sa kinaban igdi sa isports nin tennis na sinasabi parati nasapo igdi an parakawat nin kun ano-anong aksidente. ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://www.hossli.com/articles/2008/01/04/serena-williams-im-a-thinker/ Interbyu ki Serena Williams sa Hossli.com] * [http://www.tennistournaments4u.com/player-profiles/serena-williams.html Serena Williams] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427203832/http://www.tennistournaments4u.com/player-profiles/serena-williams.html |date=2011-04-27 }} Profile {{stub}} 9tl7897wt1qp2glt42lun9mn9xc5lni 0 9864 310173 262480 2026-09-06T16:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ladawan:Thomassmonson.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Thomas S. Monson]] Si '''Thomas Spencer Monson''' ([[Agosto 21]], [[1927]]) iyo an sarong relihiyosong lider Amerikano asin sarong parasurat, asin an ika-16 dangan presenteng Presidente kan An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin Mga Banal sa Huring-aldaw (LDS na Simbahan). Bilang presidente, si Monson iyo an pinagkokonsidera kan mga nasasakopan kan relihiyon na magigin sarong "propeta, tagakita, asin tagapahayag" kan kagustohan nin Diyos sa daga. Sarong taga-imprinta bilang negosyo, si Monson naggasta kan saiyang bilog na buhay enganyado sa manlaen-laen na pansimbahang posisyon nin pagiging lider asin sa serbisyong pampubliko. Si Monson pinag-ordinahan bilang sarong apostol sa edad na 36, nagsirbe sa Enot na Panguluhan sa irarom kan tolong presidente kan simbahan asin nagin Presidente kan Korum nin Doseng Apostoles poon Marso 12, 1995 hanggan sa siya nagin Presidente kan Simbahan. Siya an nagsalida ki Gordon B. Hingkley bilang presidente kan simbahan kan Pebrero 3, 2008. Si Monson nagresibe nin apat na honorary doctorate degrees, asin man kan Boy Scouts of America's Silver Buffalo asin an Pankinabang Organisasyon kan Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf-na parehong pinakahalangkaw na awards na pinagtatao kan lambang organisasyon. Si Monson an Chairman of the Church Boards of Trustees/Education of the Church Educational System, asin siya pinagdesignaran ni Ronald Reagan pasiring sa U.S. President's Task Force para sa pribadong sektor na mga inisyatibo. Si Monson agom ni Frances Beverly Johnson Monson, asin sinda may tolong aki. ==Mga panluwas na takod== *[http://www.thomassmonson.org/ Monson official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728104543/http://www.thomassmonson.org/ |date=2011-07-28 }} *[http://www.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=e23b790fbf69f010VgnVCM100000176f620aRCRD&vgnextchannel=67509c643826e010VgnVCM1000004e94610aRCRD Monson official LDS Church biography] *[http://www.famousquotes.com/search.php?search=1&FirstName=Thomas%20S.&LastName=Monson&field=FullName Famous Monson quotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019193902/http://www.famousquotes.com/search.php?search=1&FirstName=Thomas%20S.&LastName=Monson&field=FullName |date=2009-10-19 }} *[http://www.mormonwiki.com/Thomas_S._Monson Mormon Wiki] {{poon}} [[Kategorya:An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin Mga Banal sa Huring-aldaw]] [[Kategorya:Mga Presidente kan An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin Mga Banal sa Huring-aldaw|Monson, Thomas S.]] 3kmw0v66gbzrfidxrmx20hnvqw8e157 0 10431 310160 303040 2026-09-06T12:10:23Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310160 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Orden ni San Agustin''' (Espanyol, La Orden de San Agustin; Latin, Ordo Fratum Sancti Augustini, O.S.A.) sarong kaayonan na relihiyoso kan Simbahan Katoliko Romano, asin an mga kaapil igdi inaapod na mga Agustino. Saro man ini sa sinasabing [[Orden mendikante|orden]] na an pagbuhay sarig sana nanggad sa paghagad limos asin ayuda sa komunidad. Ini natogdas kan ika-13 siglo (1244) ni Santo Papa [[Inocencio IV]]. An mga Agustino nagsusunod sa inaapod na Regla de San Agustin, mga pagboot na pigdikta ni [[San Agustin]] nin Hipona. An Orden na ini dakulang marhay an papel sa pagpakusog kan impluensya kan Simbahan, an pagpalakop kan mga Pagtubod Katoliko Romano, asin pagpagantad kan kadunongan asin kaaraman. Partikular man na an Orden binuhay asin pinararom nanggad an pagtaong onra ki Birhen Maria sa irarom kan titulong Kagalanggalang na Ina nin Marhay na Pagholit (Mater boni consilii).<ref>Sources quoted from the Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469-1390<cite> [http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/meditations/olgc.html Udayton.edu]</cite></ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://www.osanet.org International Order of St. Augustine] * [http://www.augustinians.ca Augustinians in Canada] * [http://www.augnet.org/default.asp?ipageid=478 Augnet.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101080241/http://augnet.org/default.asp?ipageid=478 |date=2009-01-01 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091018191157/http://geocities.com/Athens/1534/ruleaug.html Text of the Rule of St. Augustine] * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07281a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia entry for the "Hermits of St Augustine"] * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03288a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia entry for "Canons and Canonesses Regular"] * [http://www.cricusa.com/ Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception] * [http://www.augustinianrecollects.org/ The Augustinian Recollects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302082454/http://augustinianrecollects.org/ |date=2009-03-02 }} * [http://www.lampsalight.org/ Augustinian nuns (America)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424085837/http://lampsalight.org/ |date=2009-04-24 }} * [http://www.santiquattrocoronati.org/NN/comi.htm Augustinian nuns at Santo Quattro, Rome, Italy]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.santaritadacascia.org/agostiniani-en.htm Augustinian nuns at Cascia, Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418215717/http://www.santaritadacascia.org/agostiniani-en.htm |date=2009-04-18 }} * [http://www.midwestaugustinians.org/saints/saints.html List of Augustinian Saints] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027204715/http://www.midwestaugustinians.org/saints/saints.html |date=2012-10-27 }} * [http://www.agustinasmisioneras.net/Inicial%20Agustinas%20English.htm Augustinian Missionary Sisters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314052515/http://www.agustinasmisioneras.net/Inicial%20Agustinas%20English.htm |date=2008-03-14 }} * [http://www.agostinianiscalzi.org/ Italian language site of the Discalced Augustinians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503115102/http://www.agostinianiscalzi.org/ |date=2009-05-03 }} * [http://www.augustines.org/ Augustines of the Mercy of Jesus] * [http://www.augustinians.org.uk/ Augustinian friars in Britain] * [http://www.augustinians.ie/ Augustinian friars in Ireland] * [http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/Brothers_Hospitallers_of_St._John_of_God_(Catholic_Encyclopedia) Brothers Hospitallers of St John of God] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321010754/http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/Brothers_Hospitallers_of_St._John_of_God_%28Catholic_Encyclopedia%29 |date=2006-03-21 }} * [http://www.augustiniancanons.org Augustinian Canons of Stift Klosterneuburg in Austria] * [http://www.augustinian.org Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine (O.S.A.)] * [http://www.augustinian.us The Society of Saint Augustine (S.S.A.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129010900/http://www.augustinian.us/ |date=2014-11-29 }} * [http://www.osa.org.br/osa/ Augustinians in Brazil (Portuguese language)] * [http://www.midwestaugustinians.org Augustinians of the Midwest] * [http://www.augustinian.org Augustinians of the East Coast, Province of St. Thomas of Villanova] * [http://www.aihmfriars.org Order of Augustinians of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Independent Catholic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501162817/http://www.aihmfriars.org/ |date=2009-05-01 }} * [http://www.midwestaugustinians.org/prayerrellife.html One Mind, One Heart - Augustine's Spirituality of Religious Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429183925/http://www.midwestaugustinians.org/prayerrellife.html |date=2012-04-29 }} * [http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/Augustinians_(Catholic_Encyclopedia) Catholic Encyclopaedia article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501213500/http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/Augustinians_(Catholic_Encyclopedia) |date=2009-05-01 }} [[Kategorya:Mga Orden mendikante]] [[Kategorya:Orden ni San Agustin]] [[Kategorya:Mga orden relihiyoso pinagtogdas kan ika-13 siglo]] 7lq2g8b43mijv47a58ouph4iqmpl9cp 0 18641 310165 310105 2026-09-06T14:03:57Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|blank2_name|name=Rīga|native_name=Rīga|native_name_lang=lv|settlement_type=[[List of cities and towns in Latvia|City]]|image_skyline=Riga montage.jpg|imagesize=280px|image_alt=|image_caption=From top, left to right: the [[Freedom Monument]], the [[Riga City Council]] building, the [[House of the Blackheads]], Līvu Square, and the [[Latvian National Opera]]|image_flag=Flag of Riga.svg|image_shield=Coat of Arms of Riga.svg|map_alt=|mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=Location within Latvia##Location within the Baltics##Location within Europe|pushpin_map=Latvia#Baltic states#Europe|pushpin_relief=1|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{LVA}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="council">{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Riga_City_Council/default.htm |title=Riga City Council |publisher=Riga City Council |accessdate=22 July 2009 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225141932/https://www.riga.lv/lv |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|government_type=City council|leader_title=Mayor|leader_name=[[Nils Ušakovs]]|area_magnitude=1 E+6|area_footnotes=&nbsp;(''2002'')<ref name="figures">{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/Riga_in_numbers/default.htm |title=Riga in Figures |accessdate=2 August 2007 |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |archive-date=10 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810132246/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/Riga_in_numbers/default.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|area_total_km2=324|area_land_km2=275.5|area_water_km2=48.50|area_water_percent=15.8|area_metro_km2=10133|population_as_of=''2018''|population_footnotes=<ref name="population">{{cite web |url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/iedz/iedz__riga/RIG010.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=5fc39940-d36b-4c77-b501-eca71fc108d2 |title=RESIDENT POPULATION BY STATISTICAL REGION, CITY AND COUNTY |publisher=Centrālā statistikas pārvalde |accessdate=7 Jan 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|population_total=637 827|population_density_km2=auto|population_urban=939,325<ref>http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en</ref>|population_metro=1,070,201|population_metro_footnotes=<ref>https://www.geo.lu.lv/fileadmin/user_upload/lu_portal/projekti/gzzf/Konferences/EGEA/Krisjane_Zira_Rigas_aglomeracija.pdf#page=10</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=101.4|population_blank1_title=[[Demonym]]|population_blank1=''Rīdzinieki''|demographics_type1=Ethnicity|demographics1_footnotes=&nbsp;(''2018'')<ref name="ethnicity">{{cite web|url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/Sociala/Sociala__ikgad__iedz__iedzskaits/IS0191.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=992a0682-2c7d-4148-b242-7b48ff9fe0c2|title=Table ISG191. RESIDENT POPULATION BY ETHNICITY AND BY STATISTICAL REGION AND CITY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 2018|publisher=Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia|accessdate=24 July 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225141928/http://data.csb.gov.lv/ErrorGeneral.aspx?aspxerrorpath=%2Fpxweb%2Flv%2FSociala%2FSociala__ikgad__iedz__iedzskaits%2FIS0191.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout1%2F|dead-url=yes}}</ref>|demographics1_title1=[[Latvian people|Latvians]]|demographics1_info1=47.0%|demographics1_title2=[[Russians]]|demographics1_info2=36.8%|demographics1_title3=[[Belarusians]]|demographics1_info3=3.7%|demographics1_title4=[[Ukrainians]]|demographics1_info4=3.4%|demographics1_title5=[[Poles]]|demographics1_info5=1.8%|demographics1_title6=[[Lithuanians]]|demographics1_info6=0.8%|demographics1_title7=[[Romanies]]|demographics1_info7=0.1%|timezone1=EET|utc_offset1=+2|timezone1_DST=EEST|utc_offset1_DST=+3|blank_name=GDP(nominal)|blank_info=2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data1.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/ekfin/ekfin__ikp__reg/IKG10_110.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=dcc30576-1e14-481f-a372-9698956b3f68|title=2.1. Gross Domestic Product – Stratēģijas Uzraudzības Sistēma|author=|date=|work=sus.lv|access-date=2019-02-22|archive-date=2020-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728113436/https://data1.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/ekfin/ekfin__ikp__reg/IKG10_110.px/?rxid=dcc30576-1e14-481f-a372-9698956b3f68|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=40&pr1.y=20&c=941&s=PPPEX&grp=0&a=</ref>|blank1_name=&nbsp;- Total|blank1_info=€13.2 billion($27 billion, [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])|blank2_name=&nbsp;- Per capita|blank2_info=€20,550($41,400, [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])|blank3_name=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)|blank3_info=0.878<ref>https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/</ref> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span>|coordinates={{coord|56|56|56|N|24|6|23|E|display=inline,title}}|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in Latvia|Calling codes]]|area_code=66 and 67|website=[http://www.riga.lv/ www.riga.lv]}}{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site|Name=Historic Centre of Riga|Image=[[File:Edificios en la Plaza del Mercado, Riga, Letonia, 2012-08-07, DD 02.JPG|250px|The Old Town of Riga]]|Caption=The old town of Riga|Criteria=Cultural: i, ii|ID=852|Year=1997|Area=438.3 ha|Buffer_zone=1,574.2 ha}}'''Riga''' (/ˈriːɡə/; Latvian: Rīga <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈriːɡa]</span>&#x20;<span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;">[[File:Loudspeaker.svg|link=File:Lv-Rīga.ogg|11x11px|About this sound]]</span>[[Media:Lv-Rīga.ogg|listen]]</span></span>)</span>, Livonian: Rīgõ) an kapitolyo asin pinakadakulang syudad sa [[Latbya|Latvia]]. Na igwang 637,827 nakaistar (2018),ini man an pinakadakulang syudad sa tolong estado nin Baltic, istaran kan katulohan nin populasyon kan Latvia's asin kasampoloan nin tolong estado nin Baltic kun susumahon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1060|title=Latvia in Brief|publisher=Latvian Institute|accessdate=5 November 2011|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035413/http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1060|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An syudad nasa Gulf of Riga, sa bunganga kan Daugava. An teritoryo kan Riga territory sakop an 307.17 km2 (118.60 sq mi) asin nasa 1–10 m (3 ft 3 in–32 ft 10 in) taas kan lebel kadagatan,<ref name="RigaMunicipality">{{Cite web|url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/default.htm|title=Riga Municipality Portal|publisher=Copyright © 2003–2009, www.riga.lv/LV/Channels/ Riga Municipality|accessdate=27 July 2009|archive-date=28 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828172049/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/default.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sa patag asin mabaybay na kadagaan .<ref name="RigaMunicipality" /> == Mga toltolan == <references group=""></references> [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9wlopztn7y44n6waztfxgdj54kpw7wj 0 21632 310163 307826 2026-09-06T13:03:54Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|title=Pilmograpiya ni [[Im Yoon-ah]]|label2=Television series|label5=Hosting|data4='''1'''|label4=Web series|data3='''2'''|label3=Variety show|data2='''11'''|data1='''4'''|abovestyle=|label1=Film|caption=Yoona in 2018|image=[[File:180721 H Connect Yoona in Singapore (5).jpg |300x300px| frameless]]|datastyle=background:#F781E7; text-align:center;|labelstyle=background:#BA81F7; text-align:center;|headerstyle=background:#DADCED;|data5='''18'''}}Ini an pilmograpiya kan parakanta asin aktres na si [[Im Yoon-ah|Yoona]] na taga South Korea. Listahan ini kan saiyang mga drama sa telebisyon asin mga pinagbidahan na pelikula, variety show asin hosting. == Film == {| class="wikitable sortable " !Taon !Titulo !Role !Mga Nota !Ref. |- |2012 |''[[I AM.]]'' | rowspan="2" |Herself |Biographical film of SM Town |<ref>{{cite web|title=Documentary Shows Top K-Pop Singers Behind the Scenes|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/05/02/2012050200829.html|accessdate=May 4, 2012|work=The Chosun Ilbo|date=May 2, 2012|publisher=Chosun Ilbo Co.}}</ref> |- |2013 |''[[Despicable Me 2]]'' |voice-over Korean dubbed version | |- |2015 |''SMTown The Stage'' |Documentary film of SM Town | |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/film-tv/article/1882530/film-review-smtown-stage-k-pop-love-exo-girls-generation-super|title=Film review: SMTown: The Stage|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=November 24, 2015|first=Edmund|last=Lee|accessdate=April 8, 2016}}</ref> |- |2017 |''[[Confidential Assignment]]'' |Park Min-young |Debut film |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/news.jsp?blbdComCd=601006&seq=3669&mode=VIEW|title=Yoon-a Joins Hyun-bin on COOPERATION|publisher=Korean film|date=|accessdate=2018-10-12}}</ref><ref name="debutmovie">{{cite news|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/11/201_191082.html|title=Yoo Hae-jin, Yoona, Hyun Bin to star in action movie|date=November 30, 2016|work=The Korea Times|accessdate=December 16, 2016}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Exit (2019 film)|Exit]]'' |Eui-joo |First film in leading role |<ref name="exit">{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=1&blbdComCd=601006&seq=4822&mode=VIEW&returnUrl=&searchKeyword=|title=JO Jung-suk and Yoon-a Cast for New Action Disaster Movie EXIT|date=May 21, 2018|website=Korean Film Biz Zone}}</ref> |} == Mga serye sa Telebisyon == {| class="wikitable sortable " !Taon !Titulo !Istasyon !Role !Mga Nota !Ref. |- |2007 |''[[Two Outs in the Ninth Inning]]'' |[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |Shin Joo-young | |<ref name="two">{{cite news|url=http://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=2007072307517|title=‘소녀시대’ 윤아, MBC ‘9회말 2아웃’ 브라운관 데뷔|language=Korean|work=HanKyung|date=July 23, 2010|accessdate=April 15, 2010}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |''[[Unstoppable Marriage (TV series)|Unstoppable Marriage]]'' |[[KBS2]] |[[Bulgwang-dong]]'s Seven Princesses Gang |Cameo (Episode 64) | |- |''[[Woman of Matchless Beauty, Park Jung-geum]]'' |[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |Mi-ae |Cameo (Episode 19, 20, 23) |<ref name="woman">{{cite news|url=http://newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=200804060013121020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205041222/http://newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=200804060013121020|script-title=ko:소녀시대 윤아 가출 노숙소녀로 ‘박정금’ 카메오 시선집중|language=Korean|work=Newsen|date=April 6, 2008|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[You Are My Destiny (2008 TV series)|You Are My Destiny]]'' |[[KBS1]] |Jang Sae-byuk | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/park-jae-jung-yoona-main-roles-in-drama-after-likable-or-not-13679.html|title=Park Jae-jung, Yoona, Main roles in drama after "Likable or Not"|date=May 1, 2008|website=Hancinema}}</ref> |- |2009 |''[[Cinderella Man (TV series)|Cinderella Man]]'' |MBC |Seo Yoo-jin | |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2009/05/135_45224.html|title=Girls' Generation Dominates MBC|work=The Korea Times|date=May 20, 2009}}</ref><ref name="cind">{{cite web|url=http://news.donga.com/3/all/20090211/8694997/1|title=윤아, 권상우의 파트너 '신데렐라 맨' 여주인공|date=February 11, 2009|website=The Donga Ilbo|language=ko}}</ref> |- |2012 |''[[Love Rain]]'' | rowspan="2" |KBS2 |Kim Yoon-hee / Jung Ha-na | |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/people/2011/09/178_95019.html|title=Yoona to star in new drama|work=The Korea Times|date=September 19, 2011|accessdate=January 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name="rain">{{cite web|title=Jang Geun-suk and Yoona of Girls' Generation to play lovers in new drama|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2950408|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=March 24, 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326033806/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2950408|archivedate=March 26, 2012}}</ref> |- |2013 |''[[Prime Minister & I]]'' |Nam Da-jung | |<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Cory|url=http://www.tenasia.com/archives/75308|title=Girls' Generation YoonA Turns Paparazzi for New TV Series|work=TenAsia|date=November 15, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234737/http://www.tenasia.com/archives/75308|archivedate=December 2, 2013}}</ref> |- |2015 | ''[[My First Time (TV series)|My First Time]]'' |[[OnStyle]] |Im Yoon-ah |Cameo (Episode 1) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=25519|title=Yoona to Make Cameo Appearance in 'Because It's the First Time'|work=BNT News International|date=September 26, 2015|accessdate=April 25, 2016|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210170126/http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=25519|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''[[God of War, Zhao Yun]]'' |[[Hunan Television]] |Xiahou Qingyi / Ma Yurou |Chinese drama |<ref name="god">{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201412261455592813199_2|title=SNSD's Yoona will star in Chinese period drama|date=December 26, 2014|website=Kpop Herald}}</ref> |- |''[[The K2]]'' |[[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]] |Go An-na | |<ref name="k2">{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3023934|title=Yoona takes on dark role in 'The K2'|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|date=September 21, 2016|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=September 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921025739/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3023934|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201608111643565150833_2|title=SNSD’s Yoona to star in drama|website=Kpop Herald|author=Lee Ji-hae|date=August 11, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> |- |2017 |''[[The King in Love]]'' |MBC |Eun San / So-hwa | |<ref>{{cite news|title=Siwan and Yoona confirmed for new drama|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201609211310000321153_2|website=Kpop Herald|author=Lee Sang-won|date=September 21, 2016|accessdate=November 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="king">{{cite web|last1=Chung|first1=Jin-hong|title=Yoona and Siwan to star in 'King|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3024012|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|publisher=JoongAng Ilbo|accessdate=September 25, 2016|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605022607/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3024012|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2020 |''Hush'' |[[jTBC]] |Lee Jisoo | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://channels.vlive.tv/EBF267/vtoday/1.13303353|title=Im YoonA joins hands with Hwang Jung Min, promising to surprise audiences with new drama|date=March 25, 2020|website=JTBC Plus|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=October 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014141915/https://channels.vlive.tv/EBF267/vtoday/1.13303353|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |} == Web series == {| class="wikitable sortable " !Taon !Titulo !Istasyon !Role !Nota !Ref. |- |2015 |''Innisfree Summer Love'' |YouTube Innisfree Channel, Insight TV |Im Yoon-ah | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/ranking/read?oid=382&aid=0000350077|title=이민호 윤아, 8일 새롭게 썸 타는 웹드라마 '썸머 러브' 공개|date=May 7, 2015|website=Sports Donga|language=ko}}</ref> |} == Variety show == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Taon !Titulo !Istasyon !Role !Ref. |- |2010 |''[[Family Outing 2]]'' |[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] | rowspan="2" |Regular cast |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.tenasia.com/archives/1443|title=Girls' Generation Yoona to appear on "Family" season 2|date=January 8, 2010|work=10Asia|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=January 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109065128/http://en.tenasia.com/archives/1443|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |''[[Hyori's Homestay]] (Season 2)'' |[[JTBC]] |<ref name="hyori">{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201801081759203034080_2|title=Yoona to work at 'Hyori's Bed & Breakfast'|date=January 8, 2018|work=Kpop Herald}}</ref> |} == Hosting == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taon !Titulo !Istasyon !Mga Nota !Ref. |- |2009 |[[KBS Entertainment Awards]] |KBS |with [[Lee Kyung-kyu]] & Lee Ji-ae |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002010995|title=이경규·'소시' 윤아·이지애 아나, KBS 연예대상 MC|date=December 11, 2009|website=Star News|language=ko}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |World Cup Festival | rowspan="2" |SBS |with [[Kim Yong-man (comedian)|Kim Yong-man]] & Yoon Hyun-jin |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002034774|title=윤아, 이효리 이어 월드컵 응원축제 MC|date=June 15, 2010|website=Star News|language=ko}}</ref> |- |Sharing Love Concert |with [[Jung Yong-hwa]] & [[Jo Kwon]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&aid=0002103966|title=윤아, 14일 SBS '사랑나눔콘서트' MC 발탁…정용화 조권과 '호흡'|date=November 12, 2010|website=My Daily|language=ko}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |[[KBS Entertainment Awards]] |KBS |with [[Shin Dong-yup (entertainer)|Shin Dong-yup]] & Lee Ji-ae |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://joynews.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_menu=700200&g_serial=713456|title=성시경-윤아-정용화, '2012 KBS 가요대축제' MC 발탁|date=December 24, 2012|website=inews24|language=ko}}</ref> |- |[[SBS Gayo Daejeon]] |SBS |with [[Lee Seung-gi]] & [[Song Ji-hyo]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000166993|title=이승기-윤아-송지효 SBS '가요대전' 진행 맡는다|date=February 27, 2011|website=TV Report|language=ko}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[KBS Song Festival]] | rowspan="2" |KBS |with [[Sung Si-kyung]] & [[Jung Yong-hwa]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/news/newsdetail/print/popup.m?searchNewsVO.news_id=201212261623_24889|title=SNSD Takes Over as the MCs of Year-End Ceremonies|date=December 26, 2012|website=Mwave|access-date=December 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032608/http://mwave.interest.me/news/newsdetail/print/popup.m?searchNewsVO.news_id=201212261623_24889|archive-date=October 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |[[KBS Drama Awards]] |with [[Lee Mi-sook]], [[Shin Hyun-joon (actor)|Shin Hyun-joon]] & [[Joo Sang-wook]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002269125|title=이미숙·신현준·주상욱·윤아..KBS연기대상 MC확정|date=December 20, 2013|website=Star News|language=ko}}</ref> |- |Korea-China Friendship Concert |{{NA}} |with [[Ok Taec-yeon]] & [[Cho Kyuhyun]] (at Beijing, China) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1372861913534945010|title=한중우정콘서트' 박근혜 관중석 포착, 온화미소로 '박수'|date=July 3, 2013|website=TV Daily|language=ko|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=October 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032557/http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1372861913534945010|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[KBS Song Festival]] |KBS |with [[Lee Hwi-jae]] & [[Ok Taec-yeon]] |<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=http://www.kbs.co.kr/tt/news/news_view.php?mcode=21&mgz_seq=281351&mpcode=936|title='KBS 가요대축제', 음악을 사랑하는 人|date=December 26, 2014|website=KBS|language=ko}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |DMZ Peace Concert | rowspan="2" |MBC | rowspan="2" |with [[Kim Sung-joo (presenter)|Kim Sung-joo]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mimint.co.kr/article/board_view.asp?strBoardID=news&bbstype=&bidx=278159|title='DMZ 평화콘서트' 소녀시대, 여름 여신으로 변신 '청량감 물씬'|date=August 14, 2015|website=Mimint|language=ko|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=October 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032629/http://www.mimint.co.kr/article/board_view.asp?strBoardID=news&bbstype=&bidx=278159|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |[[MBC Gayo Daejejeon]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=27222|title=Kim Sung Joo and Yoona to Host '2015 MBC Music Festival'|date=December 14, 2015|website=BNT News}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Women in Film Awards |{{NA}} |at ARTNINE in Seoul |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0002430273|title=윤아, 2016 올해의 여성영화인상 단독 진행|date=December 5, 2016|website=News1|language=ko}}</ref> |- |[[MBC Gayo Daejejeon]] |MBC |with [[Kim Sung-joo (presenter)|Kim Sung-joo]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1070053|title=김성주X윤아, MBC '가요대제전' MC 확정 (공식입장)|date=November 29, 2016|website=TenAsia|language=ko|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=November 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130152735/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1070053|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |[[22nd Busan International Film Festival]] |{{NA}} |With [[Jang Dong-gun]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000782104|title='임신' 김하늘, 부산국제영화제 MC 하차…윤아 새 MC 확정 '장동건과 호흡'|date=October 10, 2017|website=Xports News|language=ko}}</ref> |- |2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics G-100 K-POP Concert |SBS |with [[Bae Sung-jae]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munhwanews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=83932|title=방탄소년단·엑소·트와이스·워너원·윤아 '평창문화올림픽 축하 K팝 콘서트' 참여|date=October 25, 2017|website=Munhwa News|language=ko|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=October 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030124838/http://www.munhwanews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=83932|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |[[MBC Gayo Daejejeon]] | rowspan="3" |MBC |with [[Suho]] and [[Cha Eun-woo]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002667706|title=윤아·수호·차은우, MBC 가요대제전 MC 확정..역대급 조합|date=December 8, 2017|website=Star News|language=ko}}</ref> |- |2018 |with [[Noh Hong-chul]], [[Choi Min-ho (entertainer)|Choi Min-ho]] & [[Cha Eun-woo]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com//view.php?ud=201812171608110983702_2|title=Yoona, Minho, Cha Eun-woo to host MBC’s 2018 Gayo Daejejeon|date=December 17, 2018|website=Kpop Herald}}</ref> |- |2019 |with [[Cha Eun-woo]] & Jang Sung-kyu |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.joynews24.com/v/1225777#e|title=[단독]장성규, MBC '가요대제전' MC 확정…윤아·차은우와 호흡|date=November 27, 2019|website=joynews24 via inews24}}</ref> |} == Mga toltolan == {{Reflist}} mzzxh91q18h30sh0ee8gnqcks9cnd46 0 43421 310161 251515 2026-09-06T12:44:34Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces_(Cropped).jpg|thumb|Banaue Rice Terraces kan Luzon, Filipinas, inukit na tukadon na bakilid]] An '''paroyan''' o '''kabasan''' iyo an daga na piggagamit sa pagpatalubo nin tinanom urog na an [[paroy]] asin [[natong]]. Naggikan iyan sa kulturang pag-uma nin paroy kaidtong panahon nin Neolitiko kan Salog Yangtze sa habagatan na Tsina, asosyado sa kulturang pre-Austronesya asin Hmong-Mien. Lakop iyan sa pre-Historikong panahon huli sa ekspansyon kan mga tawong Austranesyo pasiring sa kaislahan kan Sur-subangan na Asya, Sur-subangan na Asya kabali an Norte-subangan na Indya, Madagaskar, Melanesia, Mikronesya, asin Polynesia. An teknolohiya nakua gikan sa ibang kultura sa kadagaan kan Asya para sa pag-uma nin paroy, lakop sa Subangan na Asya, Kadagaan na Sur-subangan na Asya, asin Habagatan na Asya. == Ekolohiya == Mayor na ginikanan nin atmosperikong [[metano]] an paroyan, pigtantya na nakakakontribwir nin haros nasa 50 sagkod sa 100 milyon tonelada nin gas kada taon.<ref>{{cite web|title=Methane Sources – Rice Paddies|url=http://www.ghgonline.org/methanerice.htm|access-date=15 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 May 2007|title=Scientists blame global warming on rice|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/02/Worldandnation/Scientists_blame_glob.shtml|access-date=25 April 2013|publisher=Sptimes.com}}</ref> Pigpapahiling sa pag-aadal na ini pwedeng magin signipikante na mainaan mantang nagpapaurog kan ''crop yield'' sa paagi kan pagpahubas kan mga paroyan tanganing magtugot na an daga na mag-aerasyon tanganing mapapundo an produksyon nin metano.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shifts in rice farming practices in China reduce greenhouse gas methane|website=[[Goddard Space Flight Center]] |url=http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2002/1204paddies.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030111112837/http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2002/1204paddies.html|archive-date=11 January 2003|access-date=19 December 2002}}</ref> Pigpapahiling man kan pag-aadal na an baryabilidad sa pag-aadal sa pagluwas kan metano na naggagamit nin lokal, rehiyonal asin mga pankinaban na kawsa asin nangangapudan para sa mas marhay na pag-imbentaryo basado sa ''micro level'' na datos.<ref>Mishra S. N., Mitra S., Rangan L, Dutta S., and Pooja. (2012). [http://www.agricultureandfoodsecurity.com/content/1/1/16 Exploration of 'hot-spots' of methane and nitrous oxide emission from the agriculture fields of Assam, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018043836/http://www.agricultureandfoodsecurity.com/content/1/1/16/ |date=2015-10-18 }}. ''Agriculture and Food Security''. 1/16. doi:10.1186/2048-7010-1-16.</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} c8tkklizz8356d3scvpt4xh6q29vqnf 0 44387 310172 307912 2026-09-06T15:24:23Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Stéphane Neville | image = Stephaneneville2.jpg | caption = Stéphane Neville | image_size = | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|10|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Marseille]], [[France]] | origin = {{Flag|Pransya}} | instrument = | genre = [[Folk music|Folk]], [[Rock music|rock]] | occupation = | years_active = 2000–presente | label = | associated_acts = | website = [http://www.stephaneneville.com/ stephaneneville.com] }} Si '''Stéphane Neville''' (ipinangaki 20 Oktobre 1973 sa [[Marseille]], [[Pransya]]) sarong Pranses na parakanta, kompositor, aktor asin direktor. == Biograpiya == Si Stéphane Neville nag'aadal musika asin akting sa Marseilles conservatory. Siya nagkakawat sa mga festival asin sa mga konsyerto ni [[Norma Ray]], [[Sylvie Joly]], [[Hélène Segara]].<ref>[http://leptit-m.com/15-juin-stephane-neville/ Stéphane Neville] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001022114/http://leptit-m.com/15-juin-stephane-neville/ |date=2023-10-01 }}, leptit-m.com, 11 July 2014</ref> Si Neville nagkawat na sa dakul na mga musikal sa [[Pransya]] asin sa [[Asya]] : ''Le Petit Prince'' ni [[Richard Cocciante]], ''Les enfants du soleil'' ni [[Didier Barbelivien]], ''[[Don Juan (musikal)|Don Juan]]'' ni [[Félix Gray]], ''[[Roméo et Juliette (musikal)|Roméo et Juliette]]'' ni Gérard Presgurvic, ''[[:fr:Pinocchio, le spectacle musical|Pinocchio]]'' ni [[Marie-Jo Zarb]].<ref>[http://www.regardencoulisse.com/auroe-delplace-stephane-neville/ Aurore Delplace et Stéphane Neville mènent le bal de Cendrillon], regardencoulisse.com, 11 July 2014</ref> Siya nagakting naman sa mga pelikula asin nagsusurat nin soundtrack para sa mga drama asin pelikula. == Mga Musikal == [[File:Stephane Neville.png|thumb|Stéphane Neville sa ''Pinocchio'' (2013)]] * 2002-2003 : ''Le Petit Prince'' by [[Richard Cocciante]] and [[Elisabeth Anaïs]], dir [[Jean-Louis Martinoty]] - [[Casino de Paris]] : the king * 2004 : ''Les Enfants du Soleil'' by [[Didier Barbelivien]] and [[Cyril Assous]] - [[Marseille]], [[Lyon]] : David Atlan * 2005-2006 : ''[[Don Juan (musical)|Don Juan]]'' by [[Félix Gray]], dir Gilles Maheu - [[Palais des congrès de Paris]], [[Seoul]] : Raphaël and [[Don Juan]] * 2007-2008 : ''Le Petit Prince'' by [[Richard Cocciante]] and [[Elisabeth Anaïs]], dir [[Jean-Louis Martinoty]] - [[Hong Kong]], [[Shanghai]] * 2009-2011 : ''Cendrillon, le spectacle musical'' by [[Gérald Sybleyras]] and Etienne de Balasy, dir [[Agnès Bourry]] - [[Théâtre Mogador]] : the prince * 2011 : ''80 jours : Un pari est un pari'' by [[Marie-Jo Zarb]] and Moria Némo - Zénith d'[[Orléans]] : [[Phileas Fogg]] * 2012-2013 : ''[[Roméo et Juliette (musical)|Roméo et Juliette]]'' by [[Gérard Presgurvic]], dir [[Redha]] - [[Japan]], [[China]] : Benvolio<ref>[http://www.musicalavenue.fr/Dossiers/Dossier-thematique/En-images-Les-repetitions-de-Romeo-et-Juliette-en-tournee-en-Asie En images les répétitions de Roméo et Juliette en Asie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110154908/http://www.musicalavenue.fr/Dossiers/Dossier-thematique/En-images-Les-repetitions-de-Romeo-et-Juliette-en-tournee-en-Asie |date=10 January 2014 }}, musicalavenue.fr, 11 July 2014</ref> * 2013 : ''[[:fr:Pinocchio, le spectacle musical|Pinocchio]]'' by Marie-Jo Zarb and Moria Némo, dir Marie-Jo Zarb - [[Théâtre de Paris]], tour : Gepetto == Filmograpiya == === Aktor === * 2001 : ''Le Nouveau Jean-Claude'' by Didier Tronchet * 2002 : ''[[Les Marins perdus]]'' by [[Claire Devers]] * 2005 : ''Le monde est petit'' by Florence Thibaudat, short * 2010 : ''La liberté de Casanova'' by R. Vernerey, short === Musiko === * 2008 : ''Mitfahrgelegenheit'' by Alexander Shulz, song ''A bon entendeur'' * 2010 : ''La liberté de Casanova'' by R. Vernerey, short * 2012 : ''Love collection'' by Antoine Lhonoré-Piquet, song ''I don't know'' === Direktor === * 2012 : ''Tant de temps'', documentary about [[Henri Salvador]] * 2014 : ''Pas le droit à l'erreur'' by Jonah, clip * 2014 : ''Wish'' by The Bab's, clip * 2014 : ''Above you'' by The Bab's, clip * 2014 : ''Entendez-vous'' by [[Cécile Corbel]], clip * 2015 : ''The Unrecalled'', short * 2016 : ''Soy'' by [[Sebastien El Chato]], clip * 2016 : ''La fille sans nom'' by [[Cécile Corbel]] and [[Faada Freddy]] == Teatro == * 2015 : ''L'héritage était-il sous la jupe de Papa ?'', cowritten by Laurence Briata and Nicolas Ronceux, dir by Cécile Fertout and Nicolas Ronceux, Paris == Pakipagtarabangan (sound, graphics) == * 2012-2013 : ''Accalmies passagères'' by Xavier Daugreilh * 2013-2014 : ''Laurette de Paname'' by, dir and with Laure Bontaz - France, [[South Korea]], [[South America]]<ref>[http://www.lemediateaseur.fr/2013/07/19/laurette-de-paname/ Laurette de Paname] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002013/http://www.lemediateaseur.fr/2013/07/19/laurette-de-paname/ |date=2016-03-05 }}, lemediateaseur.fr, 11 July 2014</ref> == Diskograpiya == === Album === * 2002 : ''Le Petit Prince'' * 2004 : ''Les enfants du soleil'' * 2009 : ''Cendrillon'' === Solo === * 2009 : ''La vie de château'' from ''Cendrillon'' * 2012 : ''I don't know'' * 2013 : ''Un faux départ'' with the collectif ''Les grandes voix des comédies musicales'' ===May katuwang === * 2016 : ''Heyhey'' by Gwladys Fraioli == DVD == * 2002 : ''Le Petit Prince'' * 2004 : ''Les enfants du soleil'' * 2009 : ''Cendrillon'' {{commons category|Stéphane Neville}} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [http://www.stephaneneville.com/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823050521/http://www.stephaneneville.com/ |date=2023-08-23 }} * [http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/280444-stephane-neville.html Biographie] * {{IMDb name|5884353}} {{Poon}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1973 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pranses na direktor sa pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Ika-21 siglong mga Pranses na parakanta]] [[Kategorya:Ika-21 siglong mga parakantang lalaking Pranses]] ebq3z3wm7lph718u4teh79v3hhl69vk 0 45672 310166 264550 2026-09-06T14:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rikas''' '''nin liwanag''' sa [[cuum|vacuum]], na lakop na nangangahulogan c, sarong unibersal na pisikal [[na dayaday]] na pantay-pantay nanggad sa 2999,792,458 metro kada segundo (mga 300,000 kilometres lambang ikaduwang distrito; 186,000 milya por ikaduwa; 671 milyon miles per hono).sa espesyal na teoriya nin pagsaysay, an c iyo an pinakagilid para sa rikas kan bagay o enerhiya (asin kun siring ano man na senyal na may darang impormasyon) puedeng magbiahe paagi sa espasyo. gabos na klase nin rabersiang elektromagnetiko, kaiba an naheheling na [[liwanag]], nagbibyahe sa rikas kan kaliwanagan. sa dakol na praktikal na katuyohan, an liwanag asin iba pang mga alon nin elektromagnetiko garo baga magpapalakop nin biglang paglakop, alagad para sa halawig asin sensitibo nanggad na sokol, an saindang dai masokol na rikas igwa nin risang marhay na epekto. ano man na bitoon sa Daga kaidto pang haloy nang panahon, kaya an mga tawo nag - aadal kan kasaysayan kan uniberso paagi sa pagheling nin hararayong bagay. nakikipag - olay sa hararayong lugar, iyan puedeng magtao nin mga minuto sagkod oras tanganing magbiahe. pagkuenta, an rikas nin liwanag iyo an nagbubugtak kan pinakadikit na pagka[[tiken (Pagsasanay)|atraso sa komunikasyon]]. rikas nin liwanag puedeng gamiton sa panahon kan mga sokol na eroplano tanganing makakolsok nin hararayong distansia pasiring sa sobra kalangkaw na pagkaeksakto. [[o (moon)|o]][[le Rømer]] enot na nagpaheling kan 1676 na an liwanag dai nagbibiahe nin labi - labing kaogmahan paagi sa pag - adal kan garo baga paghiro kan bulan ni [[Hupiter]] na Io. mas eksaktong sokol kan rikas kaiyan nangyari sa suminunod na mga siglo. sarong papel na ipinublikar kan 1865, si James [[Cler Maxwell]] nagproponer na an liwanag detemamantikong alon asin, kun siring, nagparabyahe sa rikas c. Kan 1905, ipigbugtak ni Albert [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] na pirming burokon an dalagan nin ilaw may koneksion sa anoman na institute nin pagsasambit asin independiente sa aksyon kan sirang light. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="stachel">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC&pg=PA226|title=Einstein from "B" to "Z" – Volume 9 of Einstein studies|last=Stachel|first=JJ|publisher=Springer|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8176-4143-6|page=226}}</ref>pig'oogid an mga resulta kan pagbungsod na idto paagi sa pagdeklara kan teoriya nin relativo asin, sa paggibo kaini, ipinahiling niya na igwang pagkarebeliyon an parametro sa luwas kan konteksto nin liwanag asin electronnetismo. [[o (moon)|o]][[le Rømer]] enot na nagpaheling kan 1676 na an liwanag dai nagbibiahe nin labi - labing kaogmahan paagi sa pag - adal kan garo baga paghiro kan bulan ni Ju[[Hupiter|piter]] Io. mas eksaktong sokol kan rikas kaiyan nangyari sa suminunod na mga siglo. sarong papel na ipinublikar kan 1865, si James [[Cler Maxwell]] nagproponer na an liwanag detemamantikong alon asin, kun siring, nagparabyahe sa rikas c. Kan 1905, ipigbugtak ni Albert [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] na pirming burokon an dalagan nin ilaw may koneksion sa anoman na institute nin pagsasambit asin independiente sa aksyon kan sirang light. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="stachel2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC&pg=PA226|title=Einstein from "B" to "Z" – Volume 9 of Einstein studies|last=Stachel|first=JJ|publisher=Springer|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8176-4143-6|page=226}}</ref>pig'oogid an mga resulta kan pagbungsod na idto paagi sa pagdeklara kan teoriya nin relativo asin, sa paggibo kaini, ipinahiling niya na igwang pagkarebeliyon an parametro sa luwas kan konteksto nin liwanag asin electronnetismo. daing pakundangan na mga parti asin perttuation people, arog baga kan hagrvitational alon, nagbibiahe man sa rikas nin pag - oltanan nin kaha. siring na mga parti asin alon nagbibiahe sa oras ano man an hiro kan ginikanan o dai pagkakataraman kan nagmamasid. mga parti na may daingzero relash masaker puedeng maparikas sa pagdolok nin c alagad nungkang makaabot dian, gurano man iyan kaangay kan kamugtakan kun saen sinosokol an saindang rikas. mga espesyal asin heneral na teories nin relatyensiya, interrentasyon espasyo [[nin Pag - ati|asin panahon]] asin nagluwas man sa bantog na lebel kan equianciang masaker, E = mc2.<ref>See, for example:</ref> ibang kaso, an mga bagay o alon tibaad garo na sana nagbibiahe nin mas [[Speed of light#Faster-than-light observations and experiments|marikas kisa sa liwanag]] (e.g., kabtang kan velocidad nin mga alon, itsura nin nagkapirang halangkaw na astronomikong bagay, asin partikular na epekto kaiyan). pag[[hiwas kan uniberso]] nasasabotan na nakalalabi sa rikas nin liwanag kisa sarong pagdolonan. rikas kun an ilaw naproprodyusir sa paagi kan mga silag na materyales, arog baga nin salming o ayre, kulang pa sa c; siring man, an dalagan kan elektromagnetikong alon sa alambreng kwarta mas maluway kisa ki c.An ratio sa pag'oltan kan c asin kan marikas na v na kun saen an liwanag naglilibot sa sarong materyal inaapod na refractive index n of the material (n = c/v). , para sa naheheling na liwanag, an refictibong indise nin salming tipikong mga 1.5, na nangangahulogan na an ilaw sa powater sa {{Nowrap|{{Sfrac|{{Mvar|c}}|1.5}} ≈ {{Cvt|200000|km/s|mi/s|comma=gaps|sigfig=3}}}} an rakto kan indesia nin aire para sa nahihiling na liwanag mga 1.0003, kaya an rikas nin liwanag sa ayre mga {{Cvt|{{#expr:299792.458*(1-1/1.0003) round 0}}|km/s|mi/s}} kilometros/s (56 m/is) mas maluway kisa ''{{Mvar|c}}'' == Halaga nin Numerikong mga bagay, ideya, asin yunit == rikas kan liwanag sa vacuum parati kahulogan nin suwestyon na c, ta "kontante" o an mga eceritang Latin (na boot sabihon 'mga pandereta'. 1856, Wilhelm [[Edukar Weber]] asin Rudolf [[Kohlrausch]] naggamit nin c para sa iba pang danay na pagpahiling kan huri tanganing pantayon an {{Radic|2}} beses bilang rikas nin liwanag sa bakuna. historiya, piggamit an simbolong V bilang alternatibong simbolo para sa rikas kan liwanag, na pinabisto ni James [[Cler Maxwell]] kan 1865. 1894, binago ni Paul Drude an mga teksto na may modernong kahulogan. E[[Albert Einstein|instein]] naggamit nin V sa saiyang orihinal [[ga papel na Anus Mirabilis|na mga papel sa Aleman-Ingles]] dapit sa espesyal na relativo kan 1905, alagad kan 1907 siya naghubò sa c, na kaidto nagin nang estandarteng simbolo para sa rikas nin liwanag.<ref name="Yc">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mendelson|first=KS|year=2006|title=The story of ''c''}}</ref> beses an mga {{Math|''c''}} ginagamit para sa rikas nin alon sa ano man na materyal na medyo, asin {{Math|''c''}}₀ para sa marikas na liwanag sa vacuum. <ref name="handbook">See for example:</ref>subskripsiyong ini, na pig-aatendiran sa opisyal na literaturang SI, igwa nin parehong porma arog kan konektadong elektromagnetikong mga danay: ''μ''₀ _{_₀} para sa bakanteng permetable o magnetika,''ε''₀ para sa [[:en:Vacuum_permeability|vacuum permeability]] o element centeric restirs, asin ''Z''₀ para sa impedensiya nin libreng espasyo. <ref name="BIPM_SI_units">{{SIbrochure8th|page=112}}</ref>gagamit an artikulong ini nin crush para sa rikas kan liwanag sa vacuum. == Gamit asin mga sistema nin yunit== kan 1983, an pirming c naikahulugan sa International System of Units (SI) bilang eksaktong {{Val|299792458|u=m/s}} kan segundo.  sa paggamit kan halaga nin c, saka tamang sukol kan ikaduwa, an saro puedeng magbugtak nin pamantayan para sa memera. <ref name="fixes">See, for example:</ref>panlemensyonal na pisikal na danay, an numerikong halaga nin c iba man sa manlaen-laen na sistemang yunit. , sa mga yunit nin imperyo, an rikas kan liwanag mga 186282 kilometro kada segundo, o halos 1 metro por nanosecond mga sanga nin pisika na kun saen an c parati nagluwas, arog kan yaon sa relatity, usong gamiton an sistema nin natural na unit nin sukol o an sistemang panheomiyang yunit kun sain may c= 1. <ref name="Lawrie">{{Cite book|title=A Unified Grand Tour of Theoretical Physics|last=Lawrie|first=ID|publisher=CRC Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7503-0604-1|edition=2nd|page=540|chapter=Appendix C: Natural units|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HZStxmfi3UC&pg=PA540}}</ref><ref name="Hsu1">{{Cite book|title=A Broader View of Relativity: General Implications of Lorentz and Poincaré Invariance|last=Hsu|first=L|publisher=[[World Scientific]]|year=2006|isbn=978-981-256-651-5|edition=2nd|pages=427–428|chapter=Appendix A: Systems of units and the development of relativity theories|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amLqckyrvUwC&pg=PA428}}</ref>inagamit an mga yunit na ini, dai malinaw na naglataw an clication huli ta bakong apektado kan dakol o pagkabaranga nin 1 an resulta.  yunit nin ilaw kaini[[-second|-]] per segundo katakin pa, dawa dai na. == Pundamental na kabtang sa pisika == rikas kun saen nagproprodyusir nin liwanag sa vacuum independiente pareho kan aksyon kan paghahalean nin alon asin kan pagka-iirikan na estilo nin pagsambit kan paramasid. <ref group="Note">However, the [[frequency]] of light can depend on the motion of the source relative to the observer, due to the [[Doppler effect]].</ref>pag'arit na ini kan rikas nin liwanag ipigdantolin ni Einstein kan 1905, pakatapos mamotibar kan teoriya ni Maxwell nin elektromagnetismo asin an kakulangan nin ebidensyang naghiro laban sa masumaridong arether; poon kaidto dagos-dagos ining kumpirmado nin dakul na mga eksperiyensiya. <ref name="stachel3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC&pg=PA226|title=Einstein from "B" to "Z" – Volume 9 of Einstein studies|last=Stachel|first=JJ|publisher=Springer|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8176-4143-6|page=226}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Einstein|first=A|year=1905|title=Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper}}</ref><ref group="Note">See [[Michelson–Morley experiment]] and [[Kennedy–Thorndike experiment]], for example.</ref>sanang berepikaron an eksperimental na an duwang-dalan na rikas nin liwanag (halimbawa, poon sa sarong pinaggikanan pasiring sa salming asin balik naman) kumindependienteng pag'ogidan, huli ta imposibleng makasukol sa saro-sarong marikas na dalagan nin ilaw (arog halimbawa, gikan sa gikanan paduman sa harayong nota) kun mayo man nin kombension kun paano matchsa ginikanan asin dapit sa nadiskubre dapat ipisyo. , paagi kan pag'ampon sa Einstein na sichronisasyon para sa relo, an saro-sarong rikas nin liwanag nagigin pantay-pantay sa duwang dalan na dalagan nin ilaw susog sa pakahulogan. <ref name="Hsu2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jryk42J8oQIC&pg=RA1-PA541|title=Lorentz and Poincaré Invariance|last=Hsu|first=J-P|last2=Zhang|first2=YZ|publisher=[[World Scientific]]|year=2001|isbn=978-981-02-4721-8|series=Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science|volume=8|pages=543ff}}</ref><ref name="Zhang">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/specialrelativit0000chan/page/172|title=Special Relativity and Its Experimental Foundations|last=Zhang|first=YZ|publisher=[[World Scientific]]|year=1997|isbn=978-981-02-2749-4|series=Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science|volume=4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/specialrelativit0000chan/page/172 172–173]|access-date=23 July 2009}}</ref>espesyal na teoriya nin relativo pig'oogid an mga resulta kaining pagkakairiba sa chateng may aspeto na an mga ley kan pisika pareho man sana sa gabos na intiural na elemento nin pagsasambit. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/introducingeinst0000dinv/page/19|title=Introducing Einstein's Relativity|last=d'Inverno|first=R|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-19-859686-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/introducingeinst0000dinv/page/19 19–20]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Special Theory to Relativity|last=Sriranjan|first=B|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|year=2004|isbn=978-81-203-1963-9|pages=20ff|chapter=Postulates of the special theory of relativity and their consequences|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsRfMvyudlAC&pg=PA20}}</ref>sarong resulta iyo na an click iyo an rikas kun saen kaipuhan na magbiahe sa vacuum an gabos na dai[[ga Maswang particle|ng kaagid na mga parti]] asin alon, kaiba an liwanag. [[File:Lorentz_factor.svg|link=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladawan:Lorentz_factor.svg|alt=γ starts at&nbsp;1 when&nbsp;v equals zero and stays nearly constant for small v's, then it sharply curves upwards and has a vertical asymptote, diverging to positive infinity as&nbsp;v approaches c. |wala|thumb|bagay na Lo[[Lorentz factor|rentz]] ''⁇'' sarong trabaho nin pagigin direkta. poon ini sa 1 asin minadolok nin infinder mantang paparani si v.{{Nbsp}}&nbsp;]] espesyal na pag - estorya igwa nin dakol na kontra sa opinyon asin eksperimentaryong pagpatunay. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>digdi an pag - orog nin masa asin enerhiya (E = mc) 2, halawig [[gisi|na kontrata]] (mga bagay na nagkukulang sa mga harong), asin luway - luway na minabolos an panahon (na mas marikas an dalagan kan relo). [Note 9]bagay na ''⁇'' paagi kaiyan an paglawig nin kontrata asin panahon dilado midbid bilang an dahelan kan Lo[[rentz]] asin itinatao kan {{Nowrap|''γ'' {{=}} (1 − ''v''{{i sup|2}}/''c''{{i sup|2}})^−1/2}}, kun saenva an rikas kan sarong iyan. &nbsp;pagkakaiba kan ''''⁇'''' hali sa 1 iyo an kinakaipuhan para magrikas na gayo kisa c, arog baga kan kadaklan na pangaroaldaw na rikas - kun sain espesyal na relatence ini gamit an pag-idulot nin Galileaan - alagad minalangkaw iyan sa mga raxistic speks asin diverges to infininess bilang v. Halimbawa, sarong panahon na pigkulasyon nin x86 k).  &nbsp;    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kaiyan, an panahon na nakakaubos nin ''γ'' = 10 minalataw sa 99.5% kan rikas nin liwanag (v = 0.995 c).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mga resulta nin espesyal na relatibidad pwedeng masoon paagi sa pagtrato sa espasyo asin panahon bilang sarong unied power na inaapod na spacetime (na may clating fount kan sistema pang-eket system asin oras), asin kaipohan an pisikal na teorya minapano nin sarong espesyal na simetriko na inapod Lorentz invariance, na an matemmatikong porma igwa kan parametro. Larz isacys, pockyics, oceancipentplikar of themant) and talictions, iports, outarys, irontics, orthing trumences, ocentry of the mounchness, spirituvitys, occrosus, ophrairies, ocainments, othous, "kadinces, otherd chrody". &nbsp;&nbsp;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/specialrelativit0000chan/page/52|title=Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity|last=Hartle|first=JB|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|year=2003|isbn=978-981-02-2749-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/specialrelativit0000chan/page/52 52–59]}}</ref>siring, an pametrong cleabe igdi sa modernong pisika, na nagluluwas sa dakul na konteksto na dai man ngane nagin malinaw. &nbsp;, an pankagabsan na pagsaysay nin mga prediksion na an c iyo man an rikas [[inawan nin grabidad|na grabidad]] asin panriribok na alon, asin an pag - obserbar sa garo baga nakaoogmang marhay na mga alon kaoyon kan hulang ini. &nbsp;<ref name="Hartle">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/specialrelativit0000chan|title=Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity|last=Hartle|first=JB|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|year=2003|isbn=978-981-02-2749-4|page=332|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>See, for example:</ref>mga bakong tradisyunal na porma nin pagsambit (guritasyonmenteng pakurso na espasyo o pinaparikas na mga katagang pambaybay), an lokal na rikas kan liwanag danay asin pantay-pantay sa c, alagad an dalagan nin ilaw pwede laen man sa sipon kun sukol gikan sa sarong harayong pinakatina'dan na pagsasambit, depende sa kun paano pigdupirme an mga sokol pasiring sa rehiyon.&nbsp;&nbsp;<ref name="Gibbs1997">{{Cite web}}</ref> pankagabsan ipinamumugtak na an pundamental na mga dayaday arog baga kan c igwa nin kaparehong halaga sa bilog na panahon nin espasyo, na nangangahulogan na dai sinda nagdedepende sa lugar asin mayo sindang pagkakalaen. &nbsp;siring, isinuherir sa manlaenlaen na teoriya na an rikas nin liwanag tibaad nagbago sa paglihis nin panahon. <ref name="Ellis_Uzan">{{Cite journal|last1=Ellis|first1=GFR|last2=Uzan|first2=J-P|year=2005|title='c' is the speed of light, isn't it?|journal=[[American Journal of Physics]]|volume=73|issue=3|pages=240–227|doi=10.1119/1.1819929|quote=The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today.|bibcode=2005AmJPh..73..240E}}</ref><ref name="Mota">{{Cite thesis}}</ref>nin nakuang dai mapagdududahan na ebidensia sa siring na mga pagbabago, alagad nagdadanay iyan na tema kan nagpapadagos na pagsiyasat. pamugtak man kan kadaklan na an rikas nin liwanag amotiko, na boot sabihon iyan igwa nin kaparehong halaga maski pa saen na direksion kun saen ini sinusukol. mga pagmasid kan pag'uuma hale sa enerhiya nuklear nagsusunsuas bilang sarong trabaho kan orientasyon kan empritong nukleyar sa magnetikong umang (hilingon an Hughes-Drever experiment), asin nin panggakot na oppenstikal na resonador (nahihiling an mga eksperimentong Resonotor) nagkaag nin makusit na limitasyon sa posibleng duwang-dalan na [[:en:Anisotropy|anisotropy]] == Maluya an rikas sa pag - ayuno == sa espesyal na pagsaysay, an enerhiya nin sarong bagay na may [[:en:Rest_mass|rest mass]] ''m'' asin rikas na ''v'' itinatao kan ''ymc2'', kun saen an libro ni Lorentz iyo an pinakahulugan sa itaas. pelente ''v'', pwedeng pantay-pantay kan saro, na minalangkaw sa bantog na E = mc2 pormasyon para sa mass. bagay na ''y'' nagigin simple mantang minadolok sa ''c'', asin iyan mangangaipo nin igong enerhiya tanganing iparikas an sarong bagay na may gabat sagkod sa rikas kan liwanag. &nbsp;rikas nin liwanag iyo an pinakaitaas na sagkodan kan dalagan nin mga bagay na may positibong gabat nin pahingalo, asin dai makakabiahe nin mas marikas an indibiduwal na mga retrato kisa sa rikas nin liwanag. <ref>See, for example:</ref>pinatutunayan sa dakol na pagbalo nin relatibistikong enerhiya asin puwersa. [[File:Relativity_of_Simultaneity.svg|link=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladawan:Relativity_of_Simultaneity.svg|alt=Three pairs of coordinate axes are depicted with the same origin&nbsp;A; in the green frame, the x axis is horizontal and the ct axis is vertical; in the red frame, the x′ axis is slightly skewed upwards, and the ct′ axis slightly skewed rightwards, relative to the green axes; in the blue frame, the x′′ axis is somewhat skewed downwards, and the ct′′ axis somewhat skewed leftwards, relative to the green axes. A point&nbsp;B on the green x axis, to the left of&nbsp;A, has zero ct, positive ct′, and negative ct′′.|too|thumb|aski an A na naenot sa B sa pulang kasiyahan, durungan na si B nasa berdeng kamugtakan, asin nagsusunod sa B sa asul na pagkawing.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]] dakul an, imposible para sa mga senyal o enerhiya na makabiyahe nin mas marikas kisa ki c. Sarong argumento ini minasunod gikan sa kontra-intitikong impluwensya kan espesyal na relatyensiya na inaapod bilang disperensya nin pagiging syudad. &nbsp;an distansiang kadikit sa pag - oltanan nin duwang pangyayari na mas dakula pa kisa kan panahon na iyan duminakol huli ta alas kwa kun siring may mga grupo nin pagsambit na dian naenot si A B, iba pang nasambitan ni Bi bago an A, asin an iba pa kaiyan durungan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;resulta, kun may nagbibiahe nin mas marikas kisa sa c paryente na bakong kombenyente an pagkasambit dian, iyan mabiahe paatras pag - abot nin panahon na konektado sa ibang bagay, asin babalgahon an pagigin daing isip.&nbsp;siring na pag'oogid, pwedeng mahiling an sarong "effect" bago kaini an "ka". [Note 10]<ref name="Taylor_p74">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/spacetimephysics00edwi_0/page/74|title=Spacetime Physics|last=Taylor|first=EF|last2=Wheeler|first2=JA|publisher=W.H. Freeman|year=1992|isbn=978-0-7167-2327-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/spacetimephysics00edwi_0/page/74 74–75]|author-link=Edwin F. Taylor|author-link2=John Archibald Wheeler}}</ref>siring na pagbalga sa pagiging daing kamanungdanan dai pa noarin man irinekord, asin maresulta sa mga masakit paniwalaan pero totoo arog kan ta[[chyonic antitelephone]]. == Pag-ayunong obserbasyon asin eksperiyensya == mga situwasyon na dian tibaad garo baga mas dakula iyan, enerhiya, o senyal nin impormasyon sa rikas kan biahe kisa c, alagad dai. &nbsp;, arog kan ipinaliliwanag sa proporsyon nin liwanag sa sarong kabtang na katekulahan sa ibaba, an dakol na tada - alon puedeng labi kisa c. An parteng sinasamba ni [[-ray|-rays]] paagi sa kadaklan na salming puwedeng regular na masobrahan nin mga likero, alagad dai nagdedeterminar kun arin na klase nin velocidad an nagtatao nin impormasyon.&nbsp; an sarong laser badsa napadpad tolos sa harayong bagay, an lugar nin liwanag pwedeng maghiro na mas marikas kisa c, maski ngane pig'atraso an enot na hiro kan digta huli ta kun panahon kaipohan magian magpasiring sa harayo pasakat sa rikas c. Alagad, an solong pisikal na entri na naghihiro iyo an lasta asin su mga tinarakan na ilaw kaini, na nagbibiyahe haleng marikason na kwarta poon lalake pasiring sa manlaenlaen na posisyon kan lantad. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kaiyan, an anino na pinopromosyon sa sarong harayong bagay puedeng gibohon tanganing humiro nin mas marikas kisa mga paksa, pakatapos nin pagkaatraso pag - abot nin panahon. &nbsp;<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wertheim|first=M|title=The Shadow Goes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/20/opinion/20wertheim.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=%27the%20shadow%20goes%27&st=cse&oref=slogin|date=20 June 2007}}</ref>paano man dai mas marikas na nagbibiahe kisa sa liwanag an ano man na bagay, kosog, o impormasyon.<ref name="Gibbs">{{Cite web}}</ref> rikas nin pagbabago sa distansia kan duwang bagay kun dapit sa arin man na duwa an naghihiro (an saindang pantapos na rikas) tibaad igwa nin halaga sa sobrang c. Alagad, dai ini naglaladawan sa dalagan nin ano man na sarong bagay bilang sokol sa saro sanang estruktura.&nbsp;<ref name="Gibbs2">{{Cite web}}</ref> nagkapirang epekto nin kulatum garo baga ipinaaabot sa panale asin kun siring mas marikas kisa c, arog kan nasa masakit paniwalaan na EPR. sa halimbawa an mga estado nin kuwento kan duwang parti na puedeng ibod. sa arin man kan mga partikulator, nag-eeksister an mga ini sa sarong super[[Quantum superposition|posisyon]] nin duwang estado nin kustum. isusuway an mga partikula asin naoobserbaran an sarong estado kan particle, determinado an iba pan estadong pu'ngaw sa kinàban. , imposibleng makontrol kun arin na orasan an enot na particle pagmasdan ini, kaya dai ikapaabot sa paaging ini an impormasyon. pang epekto sa quantum na naghuhula paglataw nin mas marikas-marikas na rikas iyo an inaapod na Hatan garo: sa irarom nin nagkapirang kamugtakan kaipuhan an panahon para haros partikula sa pagpindot paagi sa sarong barrio, anoman an kahibogan kan ulang. <ref name="Muga">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InKru6zHQWgC&pg=PA48|title=Time in Quantum Mechanics|publisher=Springer|year=2007|isbn=978-3-540-73472-7|editor-last=Muga|editor-first=JG|page=48|editor-last2=Mayato|editor-first2=RS|editor-last3=Egusquiza|editor-first3=IL}}</ref><ref name="Recami">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxbXgL967PwC&pg=PA26|title=Localized Waves|last=Hernández-Figueroa|first=HE|last2=Zamboni-Rached|first2=M|last3=Recami|first3=E|publisher=[[Wiley Interscience]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-470-10885-7|page=26}}</ref>puedeng magbunga nin haros parti na minabalyo sa dakulang siwang na mas marikas kisa liwanag. siring, mayo nin impormasyon na puedeng ipadara gamit an epektong ini. inaapod na superluminal moven hinihiling sa mga seguradong astronomikong bagay, arog kan relatibistikong jets of radio galexies and qu[[asar|asars]]. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rees|first=M|title=The Appearance of Relativistically Expanding Radio Sources}}</ref>siring, an mga jet na ini dai naghihiro sa rikas nin liwanag: an garo baga pambihirang paghiro sarong epekto kan mga bagay na nag - aabante harani sa marikas na dalagan nin liwanag asin nagdadangadang sa Daga bilang pagrikas pasiring sa linya nin pagheling: huling mas haloy nang hinale an ilaw kun orog pang pinahiwas an suba tanganing makaabot sa Daga, an panahon sa duwang kasunod na obserbasyon katimbang nin halawig na oras sa tahaw kan insttans na pinapahalean kan kinag. eksperiyensiya kan 2011 kun sain namasdan an mga neutrino tanganing makabiyahe nin mas marikas kisa sa liwanag huli sa eksperimental na sala. == Palakop nin liwanag== klasikong pisika, an liwanag sinasabing sarong klaseng elektromagnetikong alon. klasikong pahubo' kan lantad elektromagnetiko sinasabing [[mga equasyon ni Maxwell]], na naghula na an rikas c na may de koryenteng alon (arog baga nin ilaw) proporsyon sa vacuum konektado sa pinagdistribwir na kakayahan asin industate nin bakuna, kun iba man inaapod na [[:en:Electric_constant|electric constant]] ''ε''₀ asin sa mamantikong pirming harayáko.&nbsp; <math> c =\frac {1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0 \mu_0}} \ . </math> modernong quantum pisika, an dagang elektromagnetiko sinasabing teoriya nin colectum eledynamics (QED). teoriyang ini, an liwanag ilinaladawan kan pundamental na mga paliwanag (o quanta) kan langtad nin elektromagnetiko, na inaapod photos. QED, an mga retrato daing kaagid na particle asin sa siring, sono sa espesyal na pagsaysay, sinda nagbibiahe kun dapit sa rikas nin liwanag sa vacuum. - orolayan an mga dagdag na detalye kan QED kun saen pinag - olayan an retrato. siring na teoriya, an rikas kaiyan madepende sa pagkaparate kaiyan, asin kun minsan an daing ontok na marikas na c nin espesyal na pagsaysay iyo an magigin pinakaitaas kan dalagan nin liwanag sa vacuum. &nbsp;<ref name="Gibbs19972">{{Cite web}}</ref>pagkakalaen kan rikas nin liwanag na may pagkapara an naobserbaran sa masakit paniwalaan pero maaser na pagsiyasat, na nagbubugtak nin estriktong mga limitasyon sa masa kan retrato. <ref>See, for example:</ref>limitasyon na nakua depende sa modelo na ginamit: kun an dakulaon na retrato ilinaladawan kan Proca theory, an eksperimentong itaas para sa masa kaiyan mga 10 gramo; kun an photosn masaker pinoprodusir nin sarong mekanikong Higschanismo, bakong gayong matarom an grado kan pag - eksperimento, {{Nowrap|''m'' ≤ {{Val|e=-14|ul=eV/c2}}}} (roughly 2&nbsp;×&nbsp;10⁻⁴⁷&nbsp;g). saro pang dahelan na an rikas nin liwanag laen sa pagkaparate kaiyan iyo an dai pakaaplikar kan espesyal na pag - eksister tanganing iaplikar sa saraditon na timbangan, siring sa ihinula nin nagkapirang isinusuherir na teoriya nin grabidad. 2009, an obserbasyon kan gamma-ray nagbungsod kan G[[GRB 090510|RB 090510]] mayong nakuang ebidensya sa pagdepende nin photos run planve dapit sa enerhiya, na nagsuporta sa mga higot na kostrikto sa espesipikong mga modelo nin pang'oeter kun paano apektado an rikas na ini paagi nin retrato kan kusog para sa masrukot na pagdangadang pasiring [[na hiwas]] kan [[:en:Planck_scale|Planck scale]] === Sarong medya === medya, an liwanag sa parate dai nagpapalakop nin rikas na kapantay kan ku; dugang pa, laen - laen na klase nin alon nin ilaw an mabiahe kun manlaenlaen an dalagan. rikas kun saen an indibiduwal na mga kredo asin alon [[plano nin alon|nin eroplano]] (sarong alon na nakapapano sa bilog na espasyo, na saro sanang framental) nagproprodyusir inaapod na kabtang kan velocidad vp. &nbsp;sarong pisikal na senyal na may limitadong sokol (sarong pulbos nin liwanag) nagbibiahe sa laen man na rikas. kagabsan na sobre kan pulsong mga biyahe sa bolocity vg, asin an pinakaenot na parte kaini naglibot sa enotan na sentro nin pagloberiya.&nbsp; [[Ladawan:Frontgroupphase.gif|alt=A modulated wave moves from left to right. There are three points marked with a dot: A blue dot at a node of the carrier wave, a green dot at the maximum of the envelope, and a red dot at the front of the envelope.|wala|thumb|asul na dota naghihiro sa rikas kan mga girison, an kabtang velocidad; an berdeng tanga minapahiro gamit an dalagan kan sobre, an grupo bilovater; asin an pulang titik minabalyo na may marikas na pag - abante kan pangenot na parte kan pulbos, an atubangan na pagsamba.]] an pagkakalaen sa pagdeterminar kun paano nagbibiahe pasiring sa sarong materyal o hale sa laen - laen na materyales an alon nin liwanag. ini narepresentar sa paagi nin refractive index. sarong materyal tinatawan nin kahulogan bilang rata nin c sagkod sa kabtang na velocity vp sa materyales: mas darakulang pagkakaimbento nin refyon an nagpaparisang bakong gayong marikas. &nbsp;an rerereclutibong indese nin sarong materyal puedeng depende sa pagkalangkag, kosog, polarisasyon, o direksion nin proporsyon; sa dakol na kaso, puede ining itratohon bilang materyal-dependete pirmi. refractive na indese nin ayre pwedeng mga 1.0003. <ref name="Podesta">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h8BNvnR050cC&pg=PA131|title=Understanding the Properties of Matter|last=de Podesta|first=M|publisher=CRC Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-415-25788-6|page=131}}</ref>Denser media, arog baga nin tubig, salming, asin brilyante, igwa nin nakaremedyong mga indese na nasa palibot kan 1.3, 1.5 asin 2.4, sa katuyohan na maheling an liwanag. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>eksotikong materyales arog kan Bose-Einstein na condenado harani sa absolutong zero, an epektibong rikas nin liwanag pwede sanang pirang metro kada segundo. , ini nagrerepresentar nin pag'aayos asin pagka-raborasyon pa kaamayan kan mga atomo, siring man sa gabos na mas maluway-amay an dalagan sa materyal na importansya. sarong sobrang halimbawa nin magian na "nag-eebebyon" sa bagay, duwang independenteng grupo nin mga pisiko an nagsabing nagdadara nin ilaw sa sarong "bilog na restoran" paagi kan pagpasar kaini sa sarong Bose-Einstein condensidensya kan elementong ru[[Rubidyo|bidium]]. , an popular na paglaladawan kan liwanag "nasugad" sa mga eksperiyensiyang ini minapanungod sana sa magian na pagkasaray sa mariribok na estado nin atomo, dangan pigre-esbre sa arobitraly upensya sa huri, siring kan napukawan nin ikaduwang laser pule. panahon na ini "naghihingagdan", bako na ining liwanag. arog kaining klase nin paghahayop heneral na mikrospikong totoo sa gabos na transparent media na "maluway" an rikas kan liwanag. mga silag na materyales, an refirctive index sa pangkagabsan mas dakula kisa 1, boot sabihon na an kabtang na velocidad bakong gayong malinaw ki c.Sa ibang materyal, pwede para sa rekadong indesilo ngane magin saradit pa kisa 1 para sa nagkapirang pagkakainistorya; sa iba man na eksotikong materyales posible ngani mangyari na nagigin negatibo an idemnisa nin pagremosyon.  <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kE8OUCvt7ecC&pg=PA25|title=Fast light, slow light and left-handed light|last=Milonni|first=PW|publisher=CRC Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7503-0926-4|page=25|author-link=Peter W. Milonni}}</ref>kahagadan na an katugmaran dai man lapason nagpaparisa na an tunay asin imaheng mga parte kan [[ng May Kagadanan|nagagadan nin dayaday]] sa anoman na materyal, katumbas igdi an indese nin refraksion asin sa pagkaka nagkakakoro-ibang pan'arityo, pinagtakod kan relasyon Kramers-Kronig. <ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/261134839|title=Selected Works of Emil Wolf: with commentary|last=Wolf|first=Emil|date=2001|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-281-187-5|location=River Edge, N.J.|pages=577–584|chapter=Analyticity, Causality and Dispersion Relations|oclc=261134839|author-link=Emil Wolf}}</ref>praktikal na mga termino, nangangahulogan ini na sa sarong materyal na may refractive index na dai pang 1, an alon tolos - tolos na matakma. sarong pulbos na may iba-ibang grupo asin kabtang velocities (na nangyayari kun an parteng boro'otro bakong pareho sa gabos na pagkarugba kan ulse) nageestar sa lawig nin panahon, proseso na inaapod na dispersion. nagkapirang materyales igwa nin pambihira kahamakan (o pati zero) na grupo para sa magian na mga alon, sarong pangyayari na inaapod maluwayon an liwanag.<ref>See, for example:</ref>kabaliktaran, mga velocidad na labi sa c, pinagproponer kaidtong 1993 asin nagibong eksperimento kan 2000. <ref>See, for example:</ref>na posible pa ngani para sa grupo na magin daing sagkod o negatibo, na an mga pulbos nagbibiahe nin labi - labing kaogmahan o baliktad kun minsan. siring, mayo sa mga opsion na ini an mas marikas na nakakapagpaabot nin impormasyon kisa kan c. Imposibleng magpadara nin impormasyon na may liwanag na minabugsok nin ano man na mas marikas kisa rikas kan kaenot - enoteng kabtang kan pulbos (an biyong pagsamba). papahiling na ini (sa ibang aspeto) pirming pantay-pantay sa pag c ng an sarong parti dae magbyahe sa paagi nin kasyahan na mas marikas kisa kan kabtang na velocidad nin liwanag sa medya (pero pa daw This fraway kisa c). an sarong nakasantiyang particle ay ginigibo ini sa dielementikong materyal, naiibá an elektromagnetikong katumbas nin kaningous flame, inaapod na Cherenkov radition. == Praktikal na mga epekto nin pagigin daing sagkod== rikas nin liwanag iyo an pagrelehe sa mga komunikasyon: an saro-sarong pasakat asin bilog na panahon nin alimpoy mas dakula kisa zero. aplikado poon sa saradit sagkod sa astronomikong timbangan. ibong na lado, an nagkapirang pamamaagi minadepende sa marikason na rikas nin liwanag, halimbawa sa hararayong sokol. === Saradit na timbangan === m[[Kompyuter|ga komputer]], an rikas nin liwanag nagbubugtak nin limitasyon sa kun gurano karikas na ikapadara an impormasyon sa pag - oltanan kan m[[nin mga paraproseso Sentral|ga paraproseso]]. an sarong parada nagpupunsionar sa 1 [[gahertz]], an senyal puedeng magbiahe sana nin sagkod sa mga 30 reentimetres (1 piye sa saro sanang siklo na ginigibo, mas halipot pa ngani an distansiang ini poon kan mismo an inimprentang barko sa sirkito igwa nin nakaremedyo asin maluyang grado.  siring, an mga parapagirumdom dapat na idayupot sa lambang saro, saka magtuom nin gapak, pasaditon an pagkahuri kan komunikasyon, asin asikasohon kun may ginagamit sindang nag - aaragawan tanganing seguradohon na senyal iyan [[na tanda|nin integridad]]. padagos na nagdadakol an mga kaorogmahan, sa kahurihurihi tibaad magin limitasyon kan rikas nin liwanag para sa panlaog na disenyo nin saro sanang kapsiyon. == Darakulang distansya sa Kinaban == pagtao na an eknasyo equtorial circumence of the Earth mga 40 075 km  asin idtong cles 300 000 kilometros/s, pinakahalipot na panahon para sa sarong pidaso nin impormasyon tanganing makabiyahe kabanga kan globo sa may ibabaw mga 67 mirindalan. mas halawig an panahon nin pag - oltanan kan liwanag sa o[[ptikal na awat]] (sarong silag [[- andam Asin Pagigin Daing Kaagid|na materyal]]) an aktuwal na transit time, sa sarong kabtang huli ta an rikas nin liwanag maluway paagi sa mga 35% pakuryenteng epekto, depende sa nakaremedyo kaining indeclusion n.A., bihira an diretsong mga linya sa panglobong komunikasyon asin nagdadagdag an oras kun minalampas an mga senyal sa elektronikong switches o signal regenerador. ngani an distansyang ini sa kadaklan bakong mahalaga para sa kadaklan na aplikasyon, nagigin importante an kahugakan sa mga langtad arog kan halangkaw an kakayahan [[na Paagi nin pagnegosyo|na pagnegosyo]], kun saen hinihingoa nin mga negosyante na magkamit nin sadit sanang bentaha paagi sa paghatod kan saindang negosyo tanganing ribayan an pirang parte nin ikaduwang bagay antes pa nin ibang mannegosyo. , an mga negosyante nananakot sa [[:en:Microwave|microwave]] commune by traattics, huli sa bentaha kan pag - aberga nin radyo harani sa rikas nin liwanag paagi sa [[:en:Fibre_optic|fibre optic]] may mas maluyang epekto sa optiko. == Liwanagan Asin astronomiya== [[Ladawan:Earth_and_Moon_speed_of_light_by_James_O'Donoghue.gif|alt=The diameter of the moon is about one quarter of that of Earth, and their distance is about thirty times the diameter of Earth. A beam of light starts from the Earth and reaches the Moon in about a second and a quarter.|thumb|banaag nin liwanag an nagrerepresentar sa pagbiahe sa pag - oltanan kan Daga asin Bulan kan panahon na iyan nagigin dahelan tanganing humale sinda: 1.5 segundo pa man sa saindang kahulogan obital (surfface- to-sural). relatibong mga sukol asin pagsuway kan sistema Daga-Moon pinapadalan sa hiwas.]] kaiyan, an komunikasyon sa pag - oltanan kan Daga asin espasyo bakong biglang nangyayari. nin halipot na pagkaatraso hale sa gikanan pasiring sa nag - aako, na nagigin mas risa mantang nagdadakol an distansia. pagkaatrasong ini makahulogan para [[nin Pagpopogol sa Pagmimisyonero|sa daga]] komunikasyon sa pag - oltanan kan pagkontrol nin daga asin ni Apo[[llo 8]] kan iyan magin an enot na pinaturugahan na pan espasyo tanganing ilibot an Bulan: huli ta gabos na hapot, kinaipuhan na maghalat an istasyon nin pagpopogol sa natad kisuerra tolong segundo para sa simbag na maabot. &nbsp;<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>pagkaatraso kan komunikasyon sa pag - oltanan nin Daga asin Mars puedeng maglaen sa pag - oltanan nin lima may duwang polong minuto depende sa relatibong mga kamugtakan kan duwang planeta. resulta kaini, kun may maatubang na robot sa ibabaw kan Mars an sarong problema, dai iyan maaaraman nin mga tawong nagkokontrol kaiyan sagkod 5-20 minutos pakalihis kaiyan. kaipuhan pa an 5-20 minutos tanganing makabiahe hale sa Daga pasiring sa Mars.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> halawig an magigin epekto kan pag - ako nin liwanag asin iba pang senyal hale sa hararayong siudad na astronomiya. 13 bilyon (13x10)9 na taon bago magpasiring sa Daga hale sa hararayong galaksia na naheling sa mga imahen kan Huble Ultra-Desep Field. &nbsp;<ref name="Hubble">{{Cite press release}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>mga retratong iyan, na dinadara ngonyan, nagbihag sa mga ladawan kan galaksia mantang an mga ini minalataw 13 bilyones na taon na an nakaagi, kan mayo pang sarong bilyon anyos an uniberso. &nbsp;<ref name="Hubble" />bagay na an mas hararayong mga bagay garo baga hoben, huli sa daing sagkod na rikas nin liwanag, nagpapangyari sa mga astronomo na ponan an ebolusyon kan mga bitoon, galaksia, asin mismo kan [[kan uniberso|uniberso]] minsan an mga distansiang astronomiko ipinahahayag sa liwanag-taon, orog na sa popular na mga publikasyon asin media dapit [[na siensia]] <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>light-taon an distansyang rayo kan liwanag na naglilibot sa sarong taon nin Julian, mga 9461 bilyon kilometres, 5879 bilyones milya, o 0.3066 [[:en:Parsec|parsecs]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;enterong pigurin, an sarong taon nin liwanag haros 10 trilyone o haros 6 na trillion na kilometro. &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:en:Proxima_Centauri|Proxima Centauri]] an pinakaharaning bituon sa Daga pagkatapos kan Saldang, nasa mga 4.2 na liwanag-taon naghahale. === Distansya sa pagsukol === mga sistemang Rad[[ar]] nagsusukol kan distansya sa target pag'abot kan panahon nagkukua nin ulat sa radyo-wave na magbalik sa radar antenna pakatapos mababanaag sa target:an harayo sa syudad kabanga kan enterong oras na naglangkaw paagi kan rikas nin liwanag. Global Positioning System (GPS) na nagreresibi nin distansia sa GPAS satelayt basado kun gurano kahaloy kaipuhan an sarong radio signal tanganing makaabot hale sa kada statan, asin gikan digdi kinarkulo kan kag - ako an posisyon. ta an liwanag nagbibiahe nin mga 300 000 kilometres (186 000 mi) sa saro sanang segundo, seguradong eksakto nanggad an sokol na ini kan saradit na fraction na iyan nin ikaduwa. Lunar Laser Ranging experment, radar astronomiya asin an Deep Space Network dinedeterminaran an mga rayo sa Bulan, planeta asin pang espasyo, sosog man sa pagsukol kan enterong panahon na transit. == Pagsukol == Manlaenlaen an paagi tanganing madeterminaran an halaga nin c. Sarong dalan iyo an pagtimbang kan aktuwal na rikas kun saen nagprobukang liwanag, na puedeng gibohon sa manlaenlaen na lugar na may astronomiya asin Daga. pwede man na madeterminaran an mga c hale sa ibang pisikal na ley kun saen ini nagluwas, halimbawa, paagi sa pagdeterminar kan pamantayan kan elektromagnetikong dayaday [[:en:Relative_permittivity|''ε''₀]] asin [[:en:Permeability_(electromagnetism)|''μ''₀]]<nowiki/>asin paggamit kan relasyon ninda sa c. Historicalmente, nakua an pinakatamang resulta paagi nin suway na pagdeterminar kan pagkakaingin asin pagka'arabagi nin liwanag beam, na an saindang produkto pantay-pantay sa k.Ini naglaladawan sa mas detalye sa "[[:en:Speed_of_light#Interferometry|Interferometry]]"ng seksyon sa ibaba. 1983 an metro tinawan kahulogan na "an lawig kan dalan nagparalibot sa liwanag sa vacuum durante nin panahon na pag'oltan In 1983 the metre was defined as "the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of {{frac|1|{{Val|299792458}}}} of a second" renipiste an halaga kan rikas nin ilaw sa 2999248 m/sep asion, siring kan sinasabing nasa ibaba.  <ref name="Resolution_1">{{Cite web}}</ref>resulta, an tamang mga sokol kan rikas nin liwanag nagbubunga nin eksaktong pakarealisar sa yerno imbes na sarong daing kasalasalang halaga na c. === Astrononikong mga sokol === [[Ladawan:Io_eclipse_speed_of_light_measurement.svg|thumb|kamit kan rikas nin liwanag na ginagamit an ekolohiya ni Io paagi ki Jupiter]] espasyo sa luwas kombenyenteng lugar tanganing sokolon an rikas nin liwanag huli sa dakulang hiwas kaiyan asin haros sangkap na bakante. tipikong paagi, an saro nagbubugtak kan panahon na kaipuhan tanganing mabagtason nin liwanag an nagkapirang distansia sa Sistema [[Sistemang Solar|Solar]], arog baga kan [[:en:Radius|radius]] kan orbita kan Daga. historya, an siring na mga sukol pwedeng gibohon pantay-tama, kun ibabaing sa eksaktong lawig kan nasambit na distansya bisto sa mga yunit nin Daga. O[[le Christensen Rømer]] naggamit nin astronomikong sukol tanganing gibohon an enot na konsekular na pagkalkulo kan rikas nin liwanag kan taon 1676. <ref name="cohen">{{Cite journal|year=1940|title=Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=uc1.b4375710;orient=0;size=100;seq=5;attachment=0}}</ref><ref name="roemer">{{Cite journal|year=1676|title=Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences|url=http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/fc/ama09/pages_jdsc/pages/jdsc_1676_lumiere.pdf|access-date=2023-10-23|archivedate=2011-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024302/http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/fc/ama09/pages_jdsc/pages/jdsc_1676_lumiere.pdf}}</ref>an daga sinosokol, mas halipot an mga peryodo nin bulan na naglilibot sa sarong harayong planeta kun nagdadangadang na an Daga sa planeta kisa kan panahon na iyan mabawi na liwat kan Daga. distansyang agi-agi nin liwanag hale sa planeta (o an bulan kaini) pasiring Daga mas halipot kun an Kinaban yaon na sa punto kan orbita kaini na pinakaharani sa planeta kaini kisa pag nasa pinakaporo an daga hanggang habagatan, an pagkakaiba sa harayo iyo an diametro kan otoridad kan Earth palibot kan Saldang. namamasdan na pagbabago sa orbital na peryodo kan bulan resulta kan pagkakaiba kan panahong ini mina-esbwer sa mas halipot o halawig na distansya. [[o (moon)|o]] ni Rømer an epektong ini sa kalaoglaogi kan pinakahararom na bulan nin Ju[[Hupiter|piter]] Io asin nagtulod iyan na kaipuhan nin liwanag 22 minutos tanganing makabalyo sa diametro kan orbita kan Daga. [[Ladawan:SoL_Aberration.svg|alt=A star emits a light ray that hits the objective of a telescope. While the light travels down the telescope to its eyepiece, the telescope moves to the right. For the light to stay inside the telescope, the telescope must be tilted to the right, causing the distant source to appear at a different location to the right.|thumb|palaad sa liwanag: An ilaw hale sa harayong gikanan minalataw na gikan sa laen - laen na lugar para sa pagbalyo nin teleskopyo huli sa daing sagkod na rikas kan liwanag.]] saro pang paagi iyo an paggamit kan pagkaigwa nin liwanag, na nadiskobre asin ipinaliwanag ni James [[Bradley]] sa ika - 18 siglo. <ref name="Bradley1729">{{Cite journal|last=Bradley|first=J|year=1729|title=Account of a new discovered Motion of the Fix'd Stars|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55840n.image.f375.langEN|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions]]|volume=35|pages=637–660}}</ref>epekto kaini resulta kan dugang pang liwanag na hale sa sarong harayong gikanan (arog nin bitoon) asin pagigin berde kan nagmamasid kaiyan (hilingon an digram dapit sa too). siring, naheheling nin sarong naghihirong nagmamasid na an liwanag gikan sa medyo laen na direksion asin bilang resulta naheling nia an ginikanan kan posisyon kaiyan na iba man hale sa orihinal na katongdan. an pagdirehir sa velocidad kan Daga padagos na nagbabago mantang naglilibot sa Saldang an Kinaban, huli kaini nagigin garo baga nasa palibot an kamugtakan nin mga bitoon. sa anular na pagkakaiba sa posisyon nin mga bitoon (makasa Ingles 20.5 arkseconds) Pwedeng maipahayag an rikas kan liwanag kun manungod sa velocidad kan Daga sa palibot kan Saldang, na paagi sa aram na lawig nin sarong taon pwedeng liwaton sagkod sa panahon na kaipuhanon tanganing makabiyahe gikan sa Subangan pasiring sa Kinaban. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/practicalastrono0000duff|title=Practical Astronomy with your Calculator|last=Duffett-Smith|first=P|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0-521-35699-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/practicalastrono0000duff/page/62 62]|url-access=registration}}</ref>1729, ginamit ni Bradley an paaging ini tanganing makua na may mga 10210 beses na mas marikas sa orbita kan Daga (an modernong kabilangan 10066 na beses parikas) o, katimbang kaiyan, kaya kaipuhan nin liwanag 8 minutos 12 segundo tanganing magbiahe hale sa Saldang pasiring sa daga. === Oras nin mga pamamaagi nin teknik === [[Ladawan:Michelson_speed_of_light_measurement_1930.jpg|sentro|thumb|sa ultimo asin pinakatamang panahon nin paglupad igdi, an Michelson, Pease and Faarson's 1930-35 na eksperimento naggamit nin roting salming asin sarong-mile (1.6 km) lawig kan kuartong bakante na binabagtasan kan ilaw beam nin 10 beses. &nbsp;kahaman ini nin katotohanan na -11 km/s.&nbsp;]] [[Ladawan:Fizeau-int.svg|alt=A light ray passes horizontally through a half-mirror and a rotating cog wheel, is reflected back by a mirror, passes through the cog wheel, and is reflected by the half-mirror into a monocular.|thumb|kan Fieau aptaratus: Light sources Bam-espliting semi-transparent poyto Paghimo-paod kan ilaw amRemose pamamingTelescopic tube ]] sarong paagi nin pagsokol sa rikas kan liwanag iyo an pagsukol kan panahon na kaipuhan tanganing may maliwanagan na magbiahe pasiring sa salming sa harayo asin likod. an naggigibo nin prinsipyo sa likod kan mga eksperiyensiya ni[[:en:Hippolyte_Fizeau|Hippolyte Fizeau]]<nowiki/>asin L[[éon Foucault]]. sarong paagi nin pagsokol sa rikas kan liwanag iyo an pagsukol kan panahon na kaipuhan tanganing may maliwanagan na magbiahe pasiring sa salming sa harayo asin likod. an naggigibo nin prinsipyo sa likod kan mga eksperiyensiya ni[[:en:Hippolyte_Fizeau|Hippolyte Fizeau]]<nowiki/>asin L[[éon Foucault]]. metodo [[mga sokol kan pag - adal sa rikas nin liwanag|nin Foucault]] pigriribayan an cogwheel nin paitok na salming. ta an salming padagos na nag - aiitok mantang an liwanag nagbibiahe pasiring sa harayo nang panalmingan asin pabalik, naririsa an ilaw gikan sa nagraralapang salming sa laen man na anggulo kaiyan nin lihis pa dian. pagkakaiba na ini sa aloy, pwedeng makulong an bistong rikas nin pag'itok asin harayo sagkod sa harayong panalmingan kan dalagan nin liwanag. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>kan grupo nin mga tinanom an kasangkapan na ini tanganing sokolon an rikas kan liwanag sa tubig nin aire, basado sa suhestion ni [[François Arago]]. an paggamit nin mga oscillocopes na may panahon na resolusyon kan mayo pang sarong nanosecon, an rikas nin liwanag puedeng direktang sokolan paagi sa pag - iskedyul kan pagkaatraso nin ilaw hale sa laser o LED na naheheling gikan sa salming. metodong ini bakong gayo eksakto (paagi sa mga sala kan order nin 1%) kisa iba pang modernong pamamaagi, alagad kun minsan ginagamit ining eksperimento sa pag'aadal sa mga klase sa kolehiyo physics. === Mga dayaday na Electrontiko === opportansya sa pagdedebosyon kan c na dai direktang nakadepende sa sukol kan proporsyon nin elektromagnetikong mga alon iyo an paggamit kan relasyon sa tahaw kan ''ε''₀ asin kan[[:en:Vacuum_permeability|vacuum permeability]] ''μ''₀ itinindog kan teoriya ni Maxwell: ''c''²&nbsp;=&nbsp;1/(''ε''₀''μ''₀)&nbsp;&nbsp;bakunang permiso pwede madeterminaran paagi sa pagsukol [[konsisyon|gana]] kakayahan asin mga dimensyon nin sarong kahawakan, mantang an halaga kan bakanteng permetable historikal na pigtalaan sa eksaktong{{Val|4|end=π|e=-7|u=H.m-1}}sa pagtaong kahulogan kan am[[pere (kainitan)|pere]]. ni Rosa asin Dor[[Ernest Dorsey|sey]] an paaging ini kan 1907 tanganing manompongan an halaga na {{Val|299710|22|u=km/s}}kilometros/s. saindang metodo nagdepende sa pagkaigwa nin estandarteng yunit nin paglaban elektrikal, an "internasyonal na o[[m|hm]]", asin kaya limitado an katamaan kaini kun paano tinawan kahulogan an pamantayan na ini. === Basol sa Kaaraan === [[Ladawan:Waves_in_Box.svg|alt=A box with three waves in it; there are one and a half wavelength of the top wave, one of the middle one, and a half of the bottom one.|too|thumb|pagigin bantog sa sadiri garo baga yaon na marhay]] saro pang paagi na masukol an rikas nin liwanag iyo an independienteng pagtimbang kan frequency ''f'' asin alontagab na ''λ'' sa sarong de koryenteng alon sa bakuna. makukua ''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''fλ''. halaga nin c sa paggamit kan relasyon na &nbsp;&nbsp;sarong opsion iyo na turotimbangon an pagigin nasa isip nin matang pararesonador. bisto man an mga dimensyon kan sensibilidad pan'aki, ini pwedeng gamiton tanganing madeterminaran an alontagaan kan pag-aalap. 1946, itinugdas ni Louis [[Essen]] asin A.C. Gordon-Smith an pagkakatugmahan sa manlaen-laen na normal na modes nin microwave kan sarong mikrowaves na may eksaktong aram na dimensions. mga sokol inestablisar sa pagkaeksakto nin mga ±0.8&nbsp;μm na ginagamit an mga gagihe na yaon paagi sa pag - oltanan kan panahon. &nbsp;<ref name="Essen1948">{{Cite journal|last1=Essen|first1=L|last2=Gordon-Smith|first2=AC|year=1948|title=The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A]]|volume=194|issue=1038|pages=348–361|doi=10.1098/rspa.1948.0085|bibcode=1948RSPSA.194..348E}}</ref>pag'isog kan mga kino nabibisto sa geometry of the covity asin hale sa electromagnetic moory, an kaaraman dapit sa kairiba na pagkakaintriniktibo nagpangyaring makulong an rikas nin liwanag. Essen-Gordon-Smitth resulta, {{Val|299792|9|u=km/s}} substanti medyo eksakto kisa kan nakukuang mga optikal na pamamaagi. <ref name="Essen19482">{{Cite journal|last1=Essen|first1=L|last2=Gordon-Smith|first2=AC|year=1948|title=The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A]]|volume=194|issue=1038|pages=348–361|doi=10.1098/rspa.1948.0085|bibcode=1948RSPSA.194..348E}}</ref>1950, an inotrong mga sukol ni Essen nagpatindog nin resulta kan {{Val|299792.5|3.0|u=km/s}}. an pagpapahiling sa harong kan pamamaaging ini, gamit an microwave onle asin kakanon arog kan marshmaffs o mararine: kun hinale na an panribay-hira tangani na dai maghiro an pagkakan, lutoon kaini an pinakamarikas sa mga antigo (an mga punto na pa'no mahiling kan alon iyo an pinakadakula), kun saen ini mapoon na matunaw. distansya kan duwang siring na digta kabanga kan alon nin microwaves; paagi sa pagsukol kaini asin pagpadakul kan waling pagka'alumahad kan mikrowad (sa ngunyan ipinapahiling sa likod kan ove, ordinaryong 2450 MHz), an halaga nin c pwedeng makulong, "parateng may dai mababa sa root" === Interferometry === [[Ladawan:Interferometer_sol.svg|alt=Schematic of the working of a Michelson interferometer.|thumb|interferometric na determinasyon sa lawig. wala: Naka[[mentasyon|paooswag na pakikiaram]]; Tama: mapanlaglag na pag - olang.]] pag - analisar saro pang paagi tanganing makua an makosog na paglakop nin elektromagnetikong radiasyon sa pagdeterminar kan rikas nin liwanag. konteenteng sukol nin liwanag (e.g. gikan [[er|sa laser]]), na igwang bistong pagkakata'lan (f), pigbabanga tanganing magsunod sa duwang dalan dangan pigsa-abo. [Note 14]sa pagliwat kan dalan mantang pinagmamasdan an paagi nin pakikiaram asin maingat na pagsokol kan pagbabago sa lawig, magigin determinado an pag - urong - sulong kan liwanag (''λ''). an rikas nin liwanag kinukunsia gamit an equation ''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''λf''.&nbsp;&nbsp; an pagdatong nin teknolohiyang laser, ginamit an kompletong mga reperensia sa radyo para sa sokol kan pag - oltanan nin liwanag. <ref name="Froome1858">{{Cite journal}}</ref>man an interferometric na determinasyon nin along-alon nagigin bakong gayong eksakto sa pagkahalakbang asin an mga eksperimento limitado nanggad sa pagkaeksakto kan halawig na pag'isog (~{{Cvt|4|mm|in}}) pul kan mga radiowaves. pagkaeksakto puedeng paoswagon paagi sa paggamit nin liwanag na mas halipot an alon, alagad nagigin depisil kun direktang sokolon an pagigin daing gayo naririsa kan liwanag. sarong paagi sa pag - atubang kan problemang ini iyo an pagpoon nin bakong gayong parateng senyal na dian eksaktong masosokol an pagkaparate, asin poon digdi luway - luway na signipisar an mas halangkaw na mga tanda kun saen an pagigin konektado sa orihinal na marka. an sarong laser puedeng ikasarat sa pagkaparate, asin an alon kaiyan puwedeng magin determinado na gamiton an pag - oltanan. <ref name="NIST_pub">{{Cite book|url=http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/sp958-lide/191-193.pdf|title=A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology|last=Sullivan|first=DB|publisher=CRC Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8493-1247-2|editor-last=Lide|editor-first=DR|pages=191–193|chapter=Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813061018/http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/sp958-lide/191-193.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2009}}</ref>pamamaaging ini huli sa sarong grupo sa National Bureau of Standards (na kan huri nagin Nasyonal Institute of Calts and Technology). ninda iyan kan 1972 tanganing sokolon an rikas nin liwanag sa vacuum na may kadikit na kadaihan nin kasegurohan na {{Val|3.5|e=-9}} ==Kasaysayan == sa kapinonan kan modernong panahon, dai aram kun baga an liwanag naglilibot nin bigla o marikason na marikas. enot na halipoton na nasusurat na pagsiyasat sa temang ini yaon sa suanoy [[Suanoy na Gresya|na Grecia]]. suanoy na mga Griego, intelektuwal sa Arabe, asin klasikong Europeo haloy na pinagdebatehan ini sagkod na an Rømer iyo an enot na nagkalkulo kan rikas nin liwanag. teoriya ni Einstein dapit sa espesyal na pagkonektar kan mga pangyayari nagsasabi na an rikas nin liwanag danay ano man an basehan nin saro. kaidto, an mga sientista nagtao nin mas dakol na eksaktong sokol. === Mga kasaysayan nin mga sukol na c (sa km/s) === {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" |<1638 |, na sakop an mga langtrang | colspan="2" |mapagdududahan<ref name="2newsciences">{{Cite book|url=https://www.questia.com/read/88951396/dialogues-concerning-two-new-sciences|title=Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences|last=Galilei|first=G|publisher=[[Dover Publications]]|others=Crew, H; de Salvio A (trans.)|year=1954|isbn=978-0-486-60099-4|page=43|ref=Reference-Galileo-1954|access-date=29 January 2019|orig-year=1638|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053744/https://www.questia.com/read/88951396/dialogues-concerning-two-new-sciences|archive-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="boyer">{{Cite journal}}</ref><ref name="foschi&leone">{{Citation}}</ref>: 1252 [Note 15] |- |<1667 |[[ademia del Cimento]], sakop an mga langterna | colspan="2" |mapagdududahan<ref name="foschi&leone" />: 1253 <ref name="magalotti">{{Citation}}</ref> |- |1675 |[[le Rømer|ømer]] asin Hu[[iaan Huygens|ygens]], bulan nin Jupiter |220000000<ref name="roemer2">{{Cite journal|year=1676|title=Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences|url=http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/fc/ama09/pages_jdsc/pages/jdsc_1676_lumiere.pdf|access-date=2023-10-23|archivedate=2011-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024302/http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/fc/ama09/pages_jdsc/pages/jdsc_1676_lumiere.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Huygens 1690 8–9">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_kVxsaYdZaaoC|title=Traitée de la Lumière|last=Huygens|first=C|publisher=Pierre van der Aa|year=1690|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_kVxsaYdZaaoC/page/n19 8]–9|language=fr}}</ref> | - 27% sala |- |1729 |James [[Bradley]], an pagkaigwa nin liwanag |301000<ref name="How">{{Cite web}}</ref> | +0.40% na sala |- |1849 |[[polyte Fisiau]], mga ruedang pinahamis |315000<ref name="How" /> | +5.1% sala |- |1862 |[[éon Foucault]], na nag - aiitok na salming |298000±500<ref name="How" /> | - 0.60% sala |- |1907 |asin Dorsey, <abbr title="electromagnetic">M</abbr> panahon na dai pa nag - aabot |299710±30<ref name="Essen19484">{{Cite journal|last1=Essen|first1=L|last2=Gordon-Smith|first2=AC|year=1948|title=The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A]]|volume=194|issue=1038|pages=348–361|doi=10.1098/rspa.1948.0085|bibcode=1948RSPSA.194..348E}}</ref><ref name="RosaDorsey">{{Cite journal|last1=Rosa|first1=EB|last2=Dorsey|first2=NE|year=1907|title=A new determination of the ratio of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic unit of electricity.|journal=Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards|volume=3|issue=6|doi=10.6028/bulletin.070}}</ref> | -280 pp na sala |- |1926 |[[A. Michelson]], na nag - aiitok na salming |299796±4<ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref> | +12 pp na sala |- |1950 |sen asin Gordon-Smith cavidad retador |299792.5±3.0<ref name="Essen1950">{{Cite journal|last=Essen|first=L|title=The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator}}</ref> | +0.14 pp na sala |- |1958 |.D. Froome, radio interferometry |299792.50±0.10<ref name="Froome18582">{{Cite journal}}</ref> | +0.14 pp na sala |- |1972 |askison et ''al.'', las interferometry |299792.4562±0.0011<ref name="NIST heterodyne">{{Cite journal}}</ref> | - 0.0076 plusa |- |1983 | -17 CGPM, na pakahulugan kan metro |299792.458 (exct) <ref name="Resolution_12">{{Cite web}}</ref> |, siring sa tinatawan nin kahulogan |} == Panginot na historya == Si Empedocles (mga 490-430 BCE) iyo an pinakaenot na nagpropose nin sarong teorya nin liwanag asin guminana na an ilaw may daing katapusan na rikas. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctpG-kmmK8kC|title=Light-Matter Interaction: Physics and Engineering at the Nanoscale|last=Weiner|first=John|last2=Nunes|first2=Frederico|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-856766-0|edition=illustrated|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcoGIKlHuZcC&pg=PA248|title=Ancient science through the golden age of Greece|last=Sarton|first=G|publisher=[[Courier Dover]]|year=1993|isbn=978-0-486-27495-9|page=248|author-link=George Sarton}}</ref>pagdanay nia an liwanag na iyan paagi sa sarong bagay, asin kun siring kaipuhan niang tawan nin panahon tanganing magbiahe. Aristotle nakiargumento, kabaliktaran kaini, na "an liwanag huli sa presensia nin sarong bagay, alagad bako ining hiro". <ref name="Statistics">{{Cite journal}}</ref>pag - introdusir ni E[[Euclid|uclid]] asin Ptolemy kan teoriya nin bisyon na dian an liwanag hinale sa mata, sa siring nagpapangyaring maheling. asado sa teoriyang iyan, nangatanosan si Herron na an rikas nin liwanag seguradong daing katapusan huli ta minalataw tolos - tolos an hararayong bagay arog kan mga bitoon kun ibubukas nia an mata.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ob79AgAAQBAJ|title=Electronic Microwave Imaging with Planar Multistatic Arrays|last=Ahmed|first=Sherif Sayed|publisher=Logos Verlag Berlin|year=2014|isbn=978-3-8325-3621-3|page=1}}</ref>enot [[na pilosopiyang Islamiko|na mga pilosopong Islamiko]] kan primero uminoyon sa punto de vistang Aristoteano na an liwanag mayo nin rikas nin pagbiahe. 1021, ipinublikar ni Al[[hazen]] (Ibn al-Hayham) an Libro nin Otics, na kun saen siya nagpresentar nin serye nin mga argumento na pinapahale sa ekstrasyon kan bisyon bilang pag'onra sa ngonyan inaakong teoriya, na dian may liwanag hale sa sarong bagay pasiring sa mata. <ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref>an nagmotibar ki Alhazen na magproponer na seguradong marikas an liwanag, asin na mainaan an rikas nin liwanag, mantang nag - oorog sa mas mahibog na mga hawak. <ref name="Statistics" /><ref name="Hamarneh">{{Cite journal}}</ref><ref name="Lester">{{Cite book|title=Visual Communication: Images With Messages|last=Lester|first=PM|publisher=[[Thomson Wadsworth]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-534-63720-0|pages=10–11}}</ref><ref name="Lester" /><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>nangatanosan na an liwanag awad - dagos na bagay, na an proporsyon kaiyan nagkakaipo nin panahon, dawa kun ini natatago sa mga sentido. <ref>{{Cite conference}}</ref>ika-11 siglo man, si Abū Rayhān al-Bīr nevernī nag'oyon na an liwanag may nakatalaan nin rikas sa dalagan, asin nagmamasid na mas marikas nanggad an pagdangadang kan ilaw kisa rikas nin tanog. ika - 13 siglo, nangatanosan si Ro[[ger Bacon]] na an rikas nin liwanag sa aire bakong daing katapusan, na ginagamit an pilosopikong mga argumento na suportado kan pagsurat ni Alhazen asin Aristotle. <ref name="Lindberg">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSPHMKbjYkQC&pg=PA143|title=Roger Bacon and the origins of Perspectiva in the Middle Ages: a critical edition and English translation of Bacon's Perspectiva, with introduction and notes|last=Lindberg|first=DC|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-823992-5|page=143}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A source book in medieval science|last=Lindberg|first=DC|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0-674-82360-0|editor-last=Edward Grant|page=396|chapter=Late Thirteenth-Century Synthesis in Optics|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fAPN_3w4hAUC&q=roger-bacon%20speed-of-light&pg=RA1-PA395}}</ref>1270, ibinilang ni [[Witelo]] an posibilidad na magkaigwa nin liwanag sa marikason na rikas sa vacuum, alagad minaluway sa mas mahibog na hawak. kapinonan kan ika - 17 siglo, si Johannes [[Keplor]] nagtubod na daing katapusan an rikas nin liwanag huli ta mayo iyan nin itinataong basang espasyo. [[René Descartes]] nangatanosan na kun an rikas nin liwanag daing sagkodan, an Saldang, Daga, asin Bulan maririsang dai magigin angay sa kamugtakan durante kan sarong magayonon na ekolohiya. Minsan ngani dai namamangno an argumentong ini kan kinokonsiderar an pagkaigwa nin oyon sa liwanag, an ikaduwa dai namidbid sagkod kan suminunod na siglo.) Mantang dai pa iyan naotob huli ta daing katapusan an siring na salang paghusgar, tinapos ni Descartes an rikas nin liwanag. <ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref>mga negosyante nag - isip na kun an rikas nin liwanag makuang daing katapusan, puedeng laglagon an bilog niang sistema nin pilosopiya. <ref name="Statistics2">{{Cite journal}}</ref>ibong kaini, sa saiyang pagdebosyon kan [[ley ni Snell]], ipinamugtak ni Descartes na an sarong klase nin aksyon na konektado sa liwanag mas marikas sa mahihiwas na media. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNtUAAAAYAAJ|title=A History of Physics in Its Elementary Branches: Including the Evolution of Physical Laboratories|last=Cajori|first=Florian|date=1922|publisher=Macmillan|pages=76|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref>Pierre [[Pierre de Fermat|de Fermat]] kinua an ley ni Snell na ginagamit an kontrang suposisyon, mantang mas mahibog an medium na nagbibiyahe. diskutiran man si Fermat bilang pagsuportar sa daing sagkod na rikas nin liwanag. === Mga pagprobar sa enot na pagsukol === 1629, si Isaac [[Beeckman]] nagproponer nin sarong eksperimento na dian an saro nagmamasid sa kilyab nin kanyon na nagpapabanaag nin salming mga un.6 kilometros an rayo. &nbsp;1638, si [[:en:Galileo_Galilei|Galileo Galilei]]<nowiki/>nagproponer nin eksperimento, na may garo baga paghihingakong ginibo iyan mga pirang taon bago kaini, tanganing sokolon an rikas kan liwanag paagi sa pag - obserbar sa pagkaatraso kan dai pa nakatatahob sa sarong langolo asin sa pakarealisar kaiyan medyo harayo. nia na mamidbid kun baga an biahe nin liwanag bigla o bako, alagad nagkonklusyon sia na kun dai man iyan gigibohon, seguradong sobra karikas pa ngani. <ref name="2newsciences2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.questia.com/read/88951396/dialogues-concerning-two-new-sciences|title=Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences|last=Galilei|first=G|publisher=[[Dover Publications]]|others=Crew, H; de Salvio A (trans.)|year=1954|isbn=978-0-486-60099-4|page=43|ref=Reference-Galileo-1954|access-date=29 January 2019|orig-year=1638|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053744/https://www.questia.com/read/88951396/dialogues-concerning-two-new-sciences|archive-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="boyer2">{{Cite journal}}</ref>1667, an Ac[[ademia del Cimento]] nin Florence nagbareta na ginibo kaiyan an eksperimento ni Galileo, na may mga sarong milya an pagkasuway kan mga kuta, alagad mayong nag - atrasong naheling. &nbsp;<ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref>aktuwal na pagkaatraso kan eksperimentong ini mga 11 [[:en:Microsecond|microseconds]]. [[Ladawan:Illustration_from_1676_article_on_Ole_Rømer's_measurement_of_the_speed_of_light.png|alt=A diagram of a planet's orbit around the Sun and of a moon's orbit around another planet. The shadow of the latter planet is shaded.|wala|thumb|mga komento ni Rømer kan okulto nin Io na gikan sa Daga]] enot na kinukuspribâ kan rikas nin liwanag ginibo kan 1676 ni Ole Rømer. <ref name="cohen2">{{Cite journal|year=1940|title=Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=uc1.b4375710;orient=0;size=100;seq=5;attachment=0}}</ref><ref name="roemer3">{{Cite journal|year=1676|title=Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences|url=http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/fc/ama09/pages_jdsc/pages/jdsc_1676_lumiere.pdf|access-date=2023-10-23|archivedate=2011-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024302/http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/fc/ama09/pages_jdsc/pages/jdsc_1676_lumiere.pdf}}</ref>k[[o (moon)|o]] na an mga panahon kan pinakalaog na bulan nin Jupiter Io garo baga mas halipot kun nagdadangadang na sa Jpiter an Daga kisa kan iyan makabalik, nagkonklusyon sia na may liwanag na marikas na naglilibot sa daing sagkod na rikas, asin kinarkulo nia na kaipuhan an magian na 22 minutos tanganing makabalyo sa diametro kan orbita kan daga. mga taga-Cristo Huygens pinagsaro an pagkarkulong ini nin pigtatantyang diametro kan orbita kan Daga tanganing makakua nin kalkulo na rikas nin liwanag na 220000 km/s , na 27% mas hababa kisa aktuwal na halaga.<ref name="Huygens 1690 8–92">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_kVxsaYdZaaoC|title=Traitée de la Lumière|last=Huygens|first=C|publisher=Pierre van der Aa|year=1690|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_kVxsaYdZaaoC/page/n19 8]–9|language=fr}}</ref> saiyang 1704ng librong Opticks, pigbareta ni [[Isaac Newton]] an mga pagkulong ni Rømer kan limitadong rikas nin liwanag asin nagtaong halaga sa "pitong o walong minuto" para sa panahon na kinua tanganing makabiyahe hale sa Saldang pasiring sa Daga (an modernong kantidad 8 minutos 19 segundo). &nbsp;&nbsp;<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3362k.image.f235.vignettesnaviguer|title=Optiks|last=Newton|first=I|year=1704|chapter=Prop. XI}}</ref>Newton nangawat kun baga kolor kan mga anino ni Rømer; pakadangog na dai man, tinatapos niya an iba-ibang kolor naglilibot sa saro sanang rikas. 1729, nadiskobre ni James [[Bradley]] an stellar aberasyon. <ref name="Bradley17292">{{Cite journal|last=Bradley|first=J|year=1729|title=Account of a new discovered Motion of the Fix'd Stars|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55840n.image.f375.langEN|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions]]|volume=35|pages=637–660}}</ref>epektong ini saiyang nadeterminaran na an liwanag dapat na magbiahe nin 10,210 na beses mas marikas kisa sa Daga sa orbita kaiyan (an modernong kabilangan iyo an 10,066 na panahon na mas marikas) o, katimbang man sana, tanganing makalayog iyan nin 8 minutos 12 segundo tanganing magbiyahe hale sa Saldang pasiring sa Daga === Mga Pabisto na may elektromagnetismo === ika-19ng siglo si Hippolyte Fizeau nagmukna nin paagi na madeterminaran an rikas kan liwanag basado sa mga sukol nin panahon-oras dapit sa Daga asin nagreport nin halaga na 315 000 km/s. <ref name="guarnieri 7-1">{{Cite journal}}</ref>karhay an saiyang metodo ni L[[éon Foucault]] na nakakua nin halaga na 298 000 km/s  kan 1862. <ref name="How2">{{Cite web}}</ref>taon 1856, si Wilhelm [[Edukar Weber]] asin Rudolf [[Kohlrausch]] nasukol an ratio kan elektromagnetiko asin mga yunit nin 1/{{Radic|''ε''₀''μ''₀}},, paagi sa pagdiskar nin sarong dulay na Leyden, asin naaraman niya na haraning marhay an halaga kaini sa rikas nin liwanag siring kadiretsohan ni Fizeau. suminunod na taon kinarkulo ni Gustav Kirchhoff na an sarong senyal sa elektrisidad nasa dai malalabanan na alambre nagdadalagan sa gilid kan barko sa rikas na ini. <ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref>kaamayi kan 1860, ipinahiling ni Maxwell na, susog sa teoriya nin elektromagnetismo siya nagtatrabaho, an mga alonng kuryente nagproprodyusir sa daing laog na espasyo sa rikas na kapantay kan itaas Weber/Kohlrausch ratio, asin pagapod nin atensyon sa numerikong pagkahunat kan halaga kaini sagkod sa marikas na liwanag askad nin Fizeau, saiyang minukna na an ilaw yaon nanggad sa sarong elehirgnetic wave. === "Luminiferous aether" === [[Ladawan:Einstein_en_Lorentz.jpg|thumb|drik Lorentz (katulo) kaiba ni Albert Einstein (1921) ]] huhuna na an daing laog na espasyo pano nin sa likodan na kakaptan inapod na luminerang arether na kun saen nag-eestar an daga elektromagnetiko. nagkapirang pisiko naghona na an arekuaryo na ini naghiro bilang mas gustong kamugtakan nin pagsambit sa pagpalakop kan liwanag asin kun siring maninigo na magin posible na sokolon an aksyon kan Daga mapadapit sa patagolainanng ini, paagi sa pagsukol kan ipot kan rikas nin liwanag. agpoon kan 1880 magkapirang mga [[son-Morley ecomperiment|eksperimento]] ginibo sa paghingoang marisa an aksyon na ini, na an pinakabantog kaini iyo an eksperimental na ginigibo ni Albert [[A. Michelson]] asin Edward [[W. Morley]] kan 1887. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdWEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118|title=Michelson-Morley Experiments: An Enigma for Physics & The History of Science|last=Consoli|first=Maurizio|last2=Pluchino|first2=Alessandro|date=2018|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-9-813-27818-9|pages=118–119|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref>narisang aksyon pirmeng bakong an sala sa obserbasyon. mga modernong eksperimento nagpapahiling na an duwang-sarong rikas nin liwanag iyo an amotic (arog man sa lambang direksyon) pasiring laog kan 6 na pignomeres kada segundo. sa eksperiyensiyang ini si Hendrik Lorentz nagproponer na an aksyon kan aparador pwedeng magin kawsa an mga apparato na mag'igo sa lawig kaini sa direksyon nin paghiro, asin saiyang pa ngane mapakaray na an panahon para sa pagbalyo nin mga sistema dapat man bagohon susog igdi ("local time"), na nagresulta sa pagbilog kan pagbabago ni Lorenzz. sa ather theory ni Lorentz, ipinahiling ni Henri [[Poincaré]] (1900) na ining panahon lokal (sa enot na orden sa v/c) pigpirisa kan mga relong naghihiro sa alepel, na pinagpisan-pino sa irarom nin aspeto nin danay na liwanag. 1904, saiyang pig'osip na an rikas kan liwanag pwedeng sarong paglimitaran na velocidad sa mga dinamiko, nagtaong hustong aspeto kan teoriya ni Lorentz. 1905, si Poincaré dinara an ather theory ni Lorentz sa lubos na pag - obserbar sa prinsipyo nin pagsaysay. === Espisyal na relatibidad === 1905 si Einstein nag'isog sa pagpoon na an rikas nin liwanag sa vacuum, sukol kan sarong dai-nakarisang nagmamasid, independiente sa aksyon kan ginikanan o paramasid. inagamit ini asin an prinsipyo nin relatibidad bilang basehan na kinua nia an espesyal na teoriya nin pagsaysay, na dian itinatampok an rikas kan liwanag sa vacuum c bilang pundamental na dayaday, siring man minalataw sa mga konteksto na dai naotob. an nagpangyari sa konsepto kan arigaryong ather (na pinasunod pa ni Lorentz asin Poincaré) na daing serbi asin nag-aabala an mga ideya dapit sa espasyo asin panahon. === Dagdagan na katamaan kan c asin redefinisyon kan metro asin ikaduwa === ikaduwang kabangaan kan ika-20ng siglo, dakula an paguswag sa orog na pagpapaurog kan mga sukol nin rikas kan pagdangadang nin liwanag, enot paagi sa pagkakakinàban naman nin mga pamamaagi asin huri kan mas malalaser interferometer. mga ini tinabangan nin bago, mas eksakto, na pakahulogan kan metro asin ikaduwa. 1950, si Louis [[Essen]] itinalaga an rikas bilang {{Val|299792.5|3.0|u=km/s}} na naggagamit nin pagkainaki liwat. <ref name="Essen19502">{{Cite journal|last=Essen|first=L|title=The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator}}</ref>halaga na ini inarog kan ika-2 Heneral na Asamblea kan Unyon Radio-Scientifiko kan 1957. 1960, an metro pinakarhay kun ano-anong alon kan sarong partikular na espesye nin k[[rypton-86]], asin, kan 1967, pighira an ikaduwa sa mga termino kan hibesimong pagkabuhay liwat kan dagang estado nin ca[[ium-133|esium-133]]. 1972, gamit an laser interferometer method asin an bagong mga pakahulugan, sarong grupo sa US National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, si Colorado itinalaga an rikas nin liwanag sa vacuum na magin c= ikaduwang kabangaan kan ika-20ng siglo, dakula an paguswag sa orog na pagpapaurog kan mga sukol nin rikas kan pagdangadang nin liwanag, enot paagi sa pagkakakinàban naman nin mga pamamaagi asin huri kan mas malalaser interferometer. mga ini tinabangan nin bago, mas eksakto, na pakahulogan kan metro asin ikaduwa. 1950, si Louis [[Essen]] itinalaga an rikas bilang {{Val|299792.5|3.0|u=km/s}} na naggagamit nin pagkainaki liwat. <ref name="Essen19503">{{Cite journal|last=Essen|first=L|title=The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator}}</ref>halaga na ini inarog kan ika-2 Heneral na Asamblea kan Unyon Radio-Scientifiko kan 1957. 1960, an metro pinakarhay kun ano-anong alon kan sarong partikular na espesye nin k[[rypton-86]], asin, kan 1967, pighira an ikaduwa sa mga termino kan hibesimong pagkabuhay liwat kan dagang estado nin ca[[ium-133|esium-133]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;100 na beses na bakong segurado kisa kan dati nang inakong halaga. natatadang kadaihan nin kasegurohan sa pangenot konektado sa pakahulogan kan tableta.kan nanompongan nin kaagid na mga eksperimento an kaparehong resulta para sa c, irinekomendar kan ika - 15 Heneral na Komperensia sa Wights and Meaures kan 1975 an paggamit kan halaga na 299792458 m/s tanganing marikas an liwanag. === Inawan nin Kahulogan bilang malinaw na dayaday === 1983 nadiskobre kan ika-17ng pagtiripon kan Heneral na Komperensia sa Weights and Measures (CGPM) na an mga alon hale sa pagkakapanamenteng sukol asin sarong tinaong halaga para sa rikas nin liwanag mas marahay kisa dating pamantayan. danay ninda an pakahulogan kan 1967 sa ikaduwa, kaya madeterminar na ngonyan an kasosium hyper frain na iyo an ika-duwa sagkod tigsuli. ng magibo ini, pinagremente ninda an metanto bilang "an laba kan dalan na pigbaklay paagi sa liwanag sa vacuum durante nin panahon na 1/299792458 sa segundo." resulta kaining pakahulogan, an halaga kan rikas nin ilaw sa bakuna eksakto 29979485 m/s asin nagin tinatawan kahulogan danay sa sistema nin mga yunit kan SI. <ref name="Resolution_13">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="Wheeler">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PDA8YcvMc_QC&pg=PA59|title=Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity|last=Taylor|first=EF|last2=Wheeler|first2=JA|publisher=Macmillan|year=1992|isbn=978-0-7167-2327-1|edition=2nd|page=59|author-link=Edwin F. Taylor|author-link2=John Archibald Wheeler}}</ref><ref name="timeline">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="fixes2">See, for example:</ref>mga preprihiradong pamamaagi na, bago kan 1983, masukol kuta an rikas nin liwanag dai na apektadong aram na halaga kan dalagan nin ilaw sa SI unit, kundi imbes mas eksaktong pakarealisar kan tableta paagi sa orog kaeksaktong pagsusukol kan alontaga-kunoldol asin iba pang burabod nin liwanag.<ref name="Adams">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RV0AysEN4oC&pg=PA140|title=Relativity: An Introduction to Space–Time Physics|last=Adams|first=S|publisher=CRC Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-7484-0621-0|page=140|quote=One peculiar consequence of this system of definitions is that any future refinement in our ability to measure&nbsp;''c'' will not change the speed of light (which is a defined number), but will change the length of the meter!}}</ref> 2011, an CGPM isinabi an tuyo kaini na iremedyo an gabos na pitong yunit nin I base gamit an inaapod kaining "an malinaw-hayag na pagbilog", kun saen lambang "dai tinatawan kahulogan direktang paagi sa pag'ogid nanggad kan sarong eksaktong halaga para sa marhay na pundamental na danay", siring kan ginigibo para sa rikas nin liwanag. proprodyusir ini nin bago, alagad biyong katumbas, na taramon kan pakahulogan kan metro: "An mre, simbolo m, iyo an yunit nin laba; an kadakulaan kaini nakakaag paagi nin pagsentro kan liwatikal na halaga kan rikas nin liwanag sa vacuum tanganing magin pantay-pantay sa eksakto 299792458 kun tigpapahayag ini sa SI unit mis." Ini saro sa pagbabago na pig'iba kan 2019 refinisyon kan mga nakabaseng , termino man an ''New'' ''SI.'' == Toltolan == <references />{{Tamboan}} 4hb15rtrkidcld8zdkbx8ny5ldwwxj8 828 45969 310179 297183 2026-09-07T03:01:22Z Too Classy for This World 27645 310179 Scribunto text/plain local extra = {} extra.rail = { default = "Rail Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M509.svg", QC = "Québec I-310.svg" }, CHL = "Chile IS-13b.svg", IDN = "Indonesia New Road Sign Info 5A2.png", JPN = "Japanese Road sign 125-C.svg", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-10.svg" } extra["light-rail"] = { default = "Light Rail Sign.svg", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-20.svg" } extra.bus = { default = "Bus Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M506.svg", QC = "Québec I-315.svg" }, FRA = "France road sign C6.svg", HRV = "Croatia road sign C44.svg", HUN = "Hungary road sign E-039.svg", ITA = "Italian traffic sign - fermata autobus.svg", JPN = "Japanese Road sign 124-C.svg", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-19.svg", NOR = "Norwegian-road-sign-508.1.svg", URY = "Uruguay Road Sign I24.svg" } extra.ferry = { default = "Ferry Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M508.svg", BC = "British Columbia G-050-5.svg" }, CHL = "Chile IS-14b.svg", FRA = "France road sign CE10.svg", HRV = "Croatia road sign C49.svg", ITA = "Italian traffic signs - auto su nave.svg", JPN = "Japan ferry sign.png" } extra.hospital = { default = "Hospital sign.svg", AUS = "Western Australia MR-SM-1.svg", AUT = "Hinweiszeichen 2.svg", CAN = { default = "Québec I-280-1.svg", ON = "Ontario M401.svg" }, CHE = "CH-Hinweissignal-Spital.svg", CHL = "Chile IS-1b.svg", CZE = "IJ02cr.jpg", ESP = "Spain traffic signal s23.svg", FRA = "France road sign ID3.svg", GBR = "UK traffic sign 827.2.svg", GRC = "Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-22.svg", HUN = "Hungary road sign E-045.svg", IDN = "Indonesian Road Sign d9a.png", ISL = "Iceland road sign E01.12.svg", ITA = "Italian traffic signs - ospedale.svg", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-17.svg", POL = "Znak D-21.svg", RUS = "7.2 Russian road sign.svg", SVK = "Dopravná značka II5.svg", TUR = "Turkish road sign 84.jpg", UKR = "Ukraine road sign 6.2.gif", URY = "Uruguay Road Sign I16.svg" } extra.airport = { default = "Airport Sign.svg", AUS = "Western Australia MR-SM-11.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M502.svg", QC = "Québec I-300-1.svg " }, CHL = "Chile IS-11b.svg", GBR = "Aircraft Airport ecomo.svg", HRV = "Croatia road sign C47.svg", IDN = "Indonesia New Road Sign Info 5a4.png", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-1.svg", NOR = "Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg", TWN = "Legenda lotnisko.svg", UKR = "Ukraine road sign 5.65.png", URY = "Uruguay Road Sign I21.svg" } extra.NSB = { default = "MUTCD D6-4.svg" } return extra kvktcm7ljyiuk1a2i9lv3ethmb9xn35 0 46555 310167 278516 2026-09-06T14:11:36Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310167 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person|name=Ritu Menon|image=<!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Birth-date and age|df=yes|Month DD, YYYY}} -->|birth_place=|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|df=yes|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) -->|death_place=|nationality=Indyan|other_names=|occupation=Parapublikar, Parasurat|known_for=}} Si '''Ritu Menon''' sarong feministang Indyano, parasurat asin parapublikar. <ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2020|title=Unlock Diaries: About being normal by Ritu Menon|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/unlock-diaries-about-being-normal-by-ritu-menon/story-rCbDcKRIWuaNqYY64SItXK.html|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2021|title=Menon, Ritu|url=https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/author/ritu-menon|access-date=2021-01-16|website=SAGE Publications Inc|language=en}}</ref> == Karera == Kan 1984, si Menon saro sa nagtugdas kan [[:en:Kali_for_Women|Kali Para sa mga Babae]], an pinakainot na feministang tagapagpublikar sa India, kaiba si [[Urvashi Butalia]], an saiyang haloy nang collaborator. Kan 2003, An Kali Para sa mga Babae nagsara huli sa kakulangan nin komersyal na pakinabang dagdag pa an pagkakaiba nina Menon asin Butalia. Sagkod kaiyan, si Menon independienteng nagtugdas kan ''Women Unlimited'', saro pang feministang pampublikar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menon|first=Ritu|title=A publishing diary written during the pandemic: Ritu Menon's literary memories and encounters|url=https://scroll.in/article/973158/a-publishing-diary-written-during-the-pandemic-ritu-menons-literary-memories-and-encounters|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> Siya man nagsurat nin manlain-lain na mga artikulo sa peryodiko asin mga [[op-eds]]. Amsaiyang sinurat nakasentro sa kadahasan kontra sa mga babayi, an paghiling kan relihiyon sa kababaihan asin sa gender divisions sa sosyedad gikan sa makusog na feminista asin wala niyang pananaw.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritu Menon|url=http://www.kennedy-center.org/explorer/artists/?entity_id=70701&source_type=A|publisher=The Kennedy Center|access-date=13 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194756/http://www.kennedy-center.org/explorer/artists/?entity_id=70701&source_type=A|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Sa sarong apod sa [[Zoom]], siya nagtaram manongod sa dakit-taramon na ''Address Book: A Publishing Memoir in the time of COVID'', na saiyang sinurat durante kan pandemika na mayong malinaw na planong ipublikar an sarong libro. "Nagin porma ini nin pagsabi kan inaagihan ko, paggirumdom, kaisipan, pagbasa, asin paghadit," sabi niya (13 Hulyo 2021) <ref>{{Cite web|date=13 July 2021|title=The Ritu Menon interview {{!}} 'Feminist publishing is a development activity. It is not just about producing books'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/the-ritu-menon-interview-feminist-publishing-is-a-development-activity-it-is-not-just-about-producing-books-9796791.html|access-date=2021-12-29|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> == Mga Publikasyon == * The Unfinished Business, Outlook, Mayo 2001<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Unfinished Business {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/the-unfinished-business/211753|access-date=2021-01-16|website=magazine.outlookindia.com/|archive-date=2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122001620/https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/the-unfinished-business/211753|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Anti-CAA protests by Muslim women are about where, how and why you belong, Indian Express, Pebrero 2020<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 February 2020|title=Anti-CAA protests by Muslim women are about where, how and why you belong|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/shaheen-bagh-anti-caa-protest-mother-india-6249503/|access-date=2021-01-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> * Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNN4SE7cL60C&q=Ritu+Menon|title=Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition|last=Menon|first=Ritu|last2=Bhasin|first2=Kamla|date=1998|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-2552-5|language=en}}</ref> * Unequal Citizens: A Study of Muslim Women in India<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tAfPQAACAAJ|title=Unequal Citizens: A Study of Muslim Women in India|last=Hasan|first=Zoya|last2=Menon|first2=Ritu|date=14 September 2006|publisher=OUP India|isbn=978-0-19-568459-9|language=en}}</ref> * From Mathura to Manorama: Resisting Violence Against Women in India<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XLaAAAAMAAJ|title=From Mathura to Manorama: Resisting Violence Against Women in India|last=Kannabirān|first=Kalpana|last2=Menon|first2=Ritu|date=2007|publisher=Women Unlimited|isbn=978-81-88965-35-9|language=en}}</ref> * Address Book: A Publishing Memoir in the time of COVID == Mga Onra == Kan 2000-2001, naglingkod siya sa International Advisory Board kan [[:en:Raja_Rao_Award_for_Literature|Raja Rao Award for Literature]].<ref>[https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/bpl_images/Journal_Samples/WENG0883-2919~20~1~196/203.PDF "Professional Notes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127191353/https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/bpl_images/Journal_Samples/WENG0883-2919~20~1~196/203.PDF |date=2019-11-27 }}, ''World Englishes'', [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/1467971x/2001/20/1 Vol. 20, No. 1] ([[Wiley-Blackwell]] 2001), pp. 117–118.</ref> Kan 2011, si Menon asin Butalia pinagsarong tinawan kan [[Padma Shri]], an ikaapat na pinakahalangkaw na gawad sibilyan kan [[Gobyerno kan Indya]].<ref name="pib2">{{cite press release|title=Padma Awards Announced|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69364|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|date=25 January 2011|access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> == Mga Toltolan == <references /> == Mga Panluwas na Takod == * [http://www.womenunlimited.net/authors/authors_ritumenon.htm Manongod kay Ritu Menon, Women Unlimited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530061831/http://www.womenunlimited.net/authors/authors_ritumenon.htm |date=2014-05-30 }} * [http://www.wworld.org/about/board/ritu_menon.htm Manongod kay Ritu Menon, Kinaban nin mga Babae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121131011/http://www.wworld.org/about/board/ritu_menon.htm |date=2015-11-21 }} [[Kategorya:Ika-21 siglong mga Babaying Indyan na Negosyante]] [[Kategorya:Ika-21 siglong mga Negosyanteng Indyan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Negosyanteng Babae gikan sa Delhi]] [[Kategorya:Ika-20 siglong mga Parapublikar (tao)]] [[Kategorya:Ika-20 sigling mga negosyanteng Indyan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-20ng siglong mga babaying negosyanteng Indyan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-20ng sigling mga babaeng Indyan na parasurat]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng parasurat gikan sa Delhi]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng Indyan na Parapublikar]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng Indyan na peryodista]] [[Kategorya:Mga Parasurat sa Ingles gikan Indya]] [[Kategorya:Mga Indyan na Parapublikar]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nakakua nin Padma Shri sa Literatura asin Edukasyon]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng feminista]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng Indyan na feminista]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng Indyan na feministang parasurat]] eqxld7tnt46hed1ey9f1y3dgk9m4kl3 0 47019 310162 273344 2026-09-06T12:58:36Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310162 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''piktosekswalidad''' iyo an karakterisado nin [[pagkadagkang sekswal]] pasiring sa [[fictional characters]].<ref name="Liao-2023">{{Cite web|last=SH Liao (廖 希文)|year=2023|title=Fictosexual Manifesto: Their Position, Political Possibility, and Critical Resistance|url=https://vocal.media/humans/fictosexual-manifesto|access-date=2023-05-09|website=NTU-OTASTUDY GROUP}}{{Self-published source|reason:Hosted on self-publishing website by a group of students at the University of Taiwan with a shared interested in otaku.|date=June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Matsuura-2021">{{Cite journal|last=Matsuura|first=Yuu|year=2021|script-title=ja:日常生活の自明性によるクレイム申し立ての「予めの排除／抹消」――「性的指向」概念に適合しないセクシュアリティの語られ方に注目して|trans-title="Foreclosure/Erasure" of Claims-Making by the Everyday Life as Taken for Granted: Discourse Analysis about "Fictosexual" as Sexuality that does not Conform to "Sexual Orientation"|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shabyo/36/0/36_67/_article/-char/en|journal=Journal of Social Problems|language=ja|volume=36|pages=67–83|doi=10.50885/shabyo.36.0_67}}</ref><ref name="Yule-2017" /> An [[Split attraction model|romantikong atraksyon]] sa fictional characters pig-aapod na fiktoromantiko.<ref name="Yule-2017" /> An mga piktosekswal nakapormular nin konsepto nin human-oriented sexualism naggikan sa mga paskil sa online kan mga indibidwal na by piktosekswal sa Hapon asin trinadusir sa kabtang bilang ''interpersonal sexuality centrism.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matsuura |first=Yuu |year=2023 |title=Basic Terms of Fictosexuality Studies |url=https://researchmap.jp/blogs/blog_entries/view/385284/a130954bf13ad97999b07b72844be161?frame_id=841678 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=researchblog (researchmap) |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110163727/https://researchmap.jp/blogs/blog_entries/view/385284/a130954bf13ad97999b07b72844be161?frame_id=841678 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Bilang iyo an nag-uurog na normatibong sekswalidad na nakasentro sa sekswal na atraksyon pasiring sa mga tawong laman-asin-dugo.<ref name="Matsuura-2021" /> An terminong ini naggamit nin pagladawan sa marginalization kan piktosekswalidad.<ref name="Liao-2023" /><ref name="Matsuura-2022">{{Cite thesis|last=Matsuura|first=Yuu|year=2022|script-title=ja:アニメーション的な誤配としての多重見当識：非対人性愛的な「二次元」へのセクシュアリティに関する理論的考察|trans-title=Multiple Orientations as Animating Misdelivery: Theoretical Considerations on Sexuality Attracted to Nijigen (Two-Dimensional) Objects|url=https://researchmap.jp/mtwrmtwr/published_papers/37150884?lang=en|journal=Gender Studies|language=ja|publisher=Institute for Gender Studies, Ochanomizu University|issue=25|pages=139–157|doi=10.24567/0002000551}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Matsuura|first=Yuu|year=2023|title=Basic Terms of Fictosexuality Studies|url=https://researchmap.jp/blogs/blog_entries/view/385284/a130954bf13ad97999b07b72844be161?frame_id=841678|access-date=2023-10-21|website=researchblog (researchmap)|archive-date=2023-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110163727/https://researchmap.jp/blogs/blog_entries/view/385284/a130954bf13ad97999b07b72844be161?frame_id=841678|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An konsepto kan human-oriented sexualism pwedeng masabotan bilang sarong kombinasyon kan ideya kan kompulsaryong sekswalidad<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pryzybylo |first=Era |title=Introducing the New Sexuality Studies |publisher=Routledge |year=2022 |editor-last=Fischer |editor-first=Nancy L. |edition=4th |chapter=Unthinking compulsory sexuality: Introducing asexuality |editor-last2=Westbrook |editor-first2=Laurel |editor-last3=Seidman |editor-first3=Steven}}</ref> gikan sa [[Asekswalidad|asekswal]] na pagsaligsig asin an nosyon kan humanonormatibidad<ref>{{Cite book |last=Motschenbacher |first=Heiko |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/40908809 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Language and Sexuality |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |editor-last=Hall |editor-first=Kira |chapter=Language and Sexual Normativity |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190212926.013.14 |isbn=978-0-19-021292-6 |editor-last2=Barrett |editor-first2=Rusty}}</ref> gikan sa [[Object sexuality|objectum sexuality]] research.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matsuura|first=Yuu|year=2023|title=|script-title=ja:対人性愛中心主義批判の射程に関する検討――フェミニズム・クィアスタディーズにおける対物性愛研究を踏まえて|trans-title=Humanonormativity and Human Oriented Sexualism: A Discussion Based on Objectum Sexuality Studies from a Feminist and Queer Perspective|url=https://researchmap.jp/mtwrmtwr/published_papers/40398528?lang=en|journal=Human Science Sociology and Anthropology|volume=12|language=ja|publisher=Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University|issue=13|doi=10.15017/7151776}}</ref> An mga bagay kan sekswal na atraksyon para sa mga piktosekswal iyo an mga bakong totoong tawo o mga panangli para sa mga totoong tawo, alagad mga bakong tawong artifacts, urog na an mga fictional characters.<ref name="Liao-2023" /><ref name="Matsuura-2022" /> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ehbaeitt48f90ra99pmmbuvet2gp5k8 0 49184 310176 275303 2026-09-06T18:13:13Z Amherst99 1242 Amherst99 pinagbalyo an pahina [[Coca-cola Zero Sugar]] pasiring sa [[Coca-Cola Zero Sugar]] 275303 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Coca-Cola Zero Sugar''' sarong kola sa pagkakan na ginibo kan [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company Coca-Colla Company]. Ipinabisto an inumon kan 2005 bilang '''Coca-Cola Zero''' bilan bagong no-calorie cola. Kan 2017, namogol an pormasyon asin binago an pangaran, sarong pagbabago na nagresulta sa nagka pirang rebelyon.<ref name="CZWaPo">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/food/wp/2017/07/27/rip-coke-zero-the-five-stages-of-grief/|title=R.I.P., Coke Zero: The five stages of ice-cold grief}}</ref> An saro pang pagbabago nin pormula nangyari sa United Kingdom kan Hulyo 2021, sa [[Estados Unidos]] kan Agosto 2020, asin sa [[Canada]] kan Setyembre 2021.<ref name="brace">Heil, Emily (July 13, 2021). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2021/07/13/coke-zero-new-formula/ Coke Zero fans brace themselves as company announces a ‘refresh’]". ''The Washington Post''.</ref> 1hymckmpvnilmq5dq61isso55lj5de7 0 50843 310175 282948 2026-09-06T16:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310175 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''toyol''' o '''Goblin''' o '''Dika''' sarong omboy na dai pa nagadan sa osipon [[Folklore of Indonesia|kan Indones]] asin [[Malay folklore|Malay]] . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Structuralism's Transformations: Order and Revision in Indonesian and Malaysian Societies : Papers Written in Honor of Clark E. Cunningham|last=Cunningham|first=Clark E.|last2=Aragon|first2=Lorraine V.|last3=Russell|first3=Susan Diana|publisher=Arizona State University|year=1999|isbn=9781881044215|page=310}}</ref> <ref name="Laranjo2">{{cite journal|last1=Laranjo|first1=Ronel|last2=Martinez-Erbite|first2=Kristina|last3=Santos|first3=Zarina Joy|year=2013|title=Intersection of Asian supernatural beings in Asian folk literature: A pan-Asian identity.|url=https://papers.iafor.org/submissionacas2013_0102/|journal=Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2013|location=Osaka, Japan|pages=20–23|doi=10.22492/2187-4735.20130102|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}</ref> Ini man minalataw sa manlaen-laen na ibang mitolohiya kan [[Habagatan-subangan na Asya|Sur-subangan na Asya]] asin tipikal na inaapod bilang katabang kan mga shaman ( [[dukun]], [[pawang]], o [[bomoh]] ) sa paagi nin [[Black magic|itom na mahika]] . <ref name="cultureshock2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTKyDwAAQBAJ&dq=Toyol&pg=PT133|title=CultureShock! Malaysia|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|date=15 Jun 2019|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.|isbn=978-9814868020|location=Malaysia|ref=cultureshock|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> <ref name="cultureshock">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTKyDwAAQBAJ&dq=Toyol&pg=PT133|title=CultureShock! Malaysia|last=Mayberry|first=Kate|date=15 Jun 2019|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.|isbn=978-9814868020|location=Malaysia|ref=cultureshock|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> An sarong komun na paggamit kan toyol kabali an paggamit kaini para sa pinansyal na ganansya, kun saen an linalang naghahabon kan mga tawo kan saindang mga kayamanan, na ginigibo ining kapareho kan [[Babi ngepet]], sarong demonyong baboy sa mitolohiya kan Indonesya, asin an [[Hantu Raya]], sarong pamilyar na espiritu sa osipon kan Malay. Bilang siring, an toyol popular na midbid na nagtatao nin swerte sa kag-imbitar kaini, alagad disgrasya sa mga mayong palad na makasabat kaini. <ref>Ain Nur Iman Abd Rahman and Zainor Izat Zainal, “HUMAN AND GHOST ATTACHMENT IN HANNA ALKAF’S ''THE GIRL AND THE GHOST'',” ''Platform: A Journal of Management and Humanities'' 5, no. 1 (2022): 4.</ref> == Pigsasabing ginikanan == Igwa nin malinaw na kakulangan nin pagsiyasat, impormasyon, asin mga pinagkukuanan nin akademya na nagsusubaybay kan historya kan toyol. Alagad, susog sa nagkapirang [[bitakora|blog]], an nagadan nang akademiko [[Mohd Taib Osman|na si Mohd Taib Osman]] nagsuherir na an ginikanan kan pagsasadiri nin sarong toyol nagpoon pa kan pre-Islamic Arab society. Ikinonektar ini nin nagkapira sa paglakop nin paggadan sa omboy na nangyari durante kan panahon na idto. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Mga pangaran == An toyol midbid sa iba-ibang pangaran sa bilog na Sur-subangan na Asya. An [[Tataramon na Malay|Malay]] na tataramon na toyol iyo {{Lang|id|tuyul}} sa [[Tataramon na Indones|Indones]], <ref name="indonesianghosts">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7df9DwAAQBAJ&dq=tuyul&pg=PA6|title=A Book of Indonesian Ghosts|last=Khairunnisa|first=Aulia|last2=Wardhaningsih|first2=Mira|publisher=StoryTale Studios|isbn=6239476730|ref=indonesianghosts|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> {{Lang|jv|thuyul}} sa [[Tataramon na Habanes|Javanese]], asin {{Lang|su|kecit}} sa [[Tataramon na Sunda|Sundanese]] . <ref name="tolkien2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmCyDwAAQBAJ&dq=cohen+kroh&pg=PT128|title=A Dictionary of Sources of Tolkien|last1=Day|first1=David|date=17 Oct 2019|publisher=Hachette UK|isbn=978-0753734063|ref=tolkien|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> Ini midbid man bilang ''cohen kroh'' <ref name="tolkien">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmCyDwAAQBAJ&dq=cohen+kroh&pg=PT128|title=A Dictionary of Sources of Tolkien|last=Day|first=David|date=17 Oct 2019|publisher=Hachette UK|isbn=978-0753734063|ref=tolkien|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> sa [[Tataramon na Khmer|Khmer]], asin ''kwee kia'' <ref name="singaporeliterature">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MfLfAAAAMAAJ&q=kwee+kia|title=Singapore Literature in English: An Annotated Bibliography|date=2008|publisher=National Library Board Singapore and Centre for Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University|isbn=978-9810700607|page=78|ref=singaporeliterature|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> sa [[Hokkien]] . Sa [[Tataramon na Thai|Thai]], an lalaki inaapod na ''[[Kuman thong|kuman-thong]]'' mantang an babae inaapod na ''kuman-lay'' . <ref name="batcats2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xwodzk-9EOgC&dq=kumarn-thong&pg=PA85|title=Batcats: The United States Air Force 553rd Reconnaissance Wing in Southeast Asia|last1=Sikora|first1=Jack|last2=Westin|first2=Larry|date=2003|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=0595300812|page=85|ref=batcats}}</ref> <ref name="lovelornghost">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMWrAgAAQBAJ&dq=kumarn-thong&pg=PA172|title=The Lovelorn Ghost and the Magical Monk: Practicing Buddhism in Modern Thailand|last=McDaniel|first=Justin Thomas|date=1 Dec 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0231153775|page=172|ref=lovelornghost}}</ref> Sarong kaagid na linalang an yaon sa [[Mitolohiyang Pilipino|mitolohiya kan Pilipinas]] na inaapod na ''[[tiyanak]]'' . == Itsura asin gawi-gawi == An toyol tradisyonal asin komun na ilinaladawan na garo dai man naiiba sa sarong haros huba na sadit na aki. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Southeast Asian Perspectives on Power|last=Chua|first=Liana|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=9780415683456|page=59}}</ref> Alagad, an mga pagkakaiba sa rehiyon pwedeng magin dahilan kan pagkakaiba sa itsura asin mga karakteristiko; an toyol sinasabing garo normal na aki apwera sa matarom na ngipon asin mapulang mata, alagad an tuyul na Indones igwa nin dagdag na berdeng kublit asin matarom na talinga. An tuyul igwa nin kakayahan na magsakat sa mga lanob asin magsakat sa mga atop. An mga modernong paglaladawan parati nagtatao sa toyol nin garo goblin na itsura na may berde o abohon na kublit, matarom na talinga, asin mapanganuron na mga mata. <ref name="hauntedhospitals">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m99EDwAAQBAJ&dq=Toyol&pg=PT213|title=The World's Most Haunted Hospitals|last=Estep|first=Richard|date=25 Jan 2016|publisher=Red Wheel/Weiser|isbn=978-1632659729|ref=hauntedhospitals|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> An gawe-gawe asin pagkatawo kan toyol tipikal na sinasabing kapareho kan sarong mahilig na aki, kun saen ini naoogma sa mga dulse, aling-alingan, asin mga gubing. <ref name="Laranjo">{{Cite journal|last=Laranjo|first=Ronel|title=Intersection of Asian supernatural beings in Asian folk literature: A pan-Asian identity.|journal=Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2013|pages=20–23|doi=10.22492/2187-4735.20130102}}</ref> An sadit na kadakulaan kaini asin an mga tendensiyang garo aki sinasabing nagpapagin dai kaini nakakadanyar. Minsan siring, an mga karakteristiko nin gawe-gawe puede man na magkaiba-iba susog sa rehiyon. Halimbawa, an ''kuman-thong'' asin ''kuman-lay'' sinasabing mas maboot, asin bakong arog kan toyol na an kagsadiri kaipuhan na paamohon, an mga espiritung Thai na ini dai nangangaipo nin mga sakripisyo o mga ritwal na gibohon tanganing mag-apod kan saindang mga serbisyo. Sinasabi man na an toyol kabanga sana kan mahahalagang gamit kan sarong tawo an hinahabon. Mantang midbid na marhay na nagtatabang sa parahabon kaini, an toyol naggigibo nin iba pang mga maraot na gawe kun pinagbobotan. <ref>Fairuz and Ng, “A Malaysian Folklore Game Design,” 198.</ref> == Interpretasyon asin simbolismo == An pagtubod sa toyol - asin sa ekstensyon, mga aki na supernatural na linalang - igwa nin koneksyon sa komun na pagtubod kan mga Asyano na an lambang linalang igwa nin kalag, kaiba an mga omboy. An kadakol na pagkakapareho kan mga nasyon sa Sur-subangan na Asya napag-araman man na sarong tanda kan haraning relasyon kultural kan mga nasyon. Apwera sa pagtubod sa super natural, an toyol nagseserbing manlaen-laen na sosyal na mga funksyon, kabali an pag-akto bilang sarong kasangkapan sa pagdisiplina, tanganing makatabang sa pagmantenir kan sosyal na hirarkiya, asin tanganing isikwal an mga pighihiling na mga tagaluwas parayo sa komunidad. Apwera sa pagtubod sa supernatural, an toyol nagseserbing manlaen-laen na sosyal na mga funksyon, kabali an pag-akto bilang sarong kasangkapan sa pagdisiplina, tanganing makatabang sa pagmantenir kan sosyal na hirarkiya, asin tanganing isikwal an mga pighihiling na mga tagaluwas parayo sa komunidad. Bakong pambihirang pangyayari para sa mga tawo na iasosyar an mga may kayamanan asin kapangganahan sa paggamit nin toyol, asin an negatibong asosasyon na ini minaabot sa mga opisyales kan gobyerno. An mga istoryang ini nin korapsyon asin amoralidad pigteorya na sarong paagi nin pagnegar nin dissonance, kun saen sa paagi nin pag-asosyar kan estado sosyal sa supernatural, ini nagtutugot sa mga tawo na magtubod asin akoon na an bagay na ini lampas sa saindang kontrol. Sa ibong na lado, an siring na mga sahot puedeng magin paagi sana nin pagpahayag nin paghinanakit nin saro. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ong|first1=Aihwa|title=The Production of Possession: Spirits and the Multinational Corporation in Malaysia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/645484|journal=American Ethnologist|pages=28–42|doi=10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00030}}</ref> An toyol nagdadanay na lakop na ginagamit sa manlaen-laen na paagi asin sa manlaen-laen na paagi, kabali an mga kawat, literatura, asin telebisyon. An mga ini nagtutukdo sa sarong sosyedad asin komunidad na padagos na nagkakapot nin sustenido na pagtubod sa pag-eksister kan mga toyol asin iba pang supernatural na mga entidad, <ref>Dahlan Bin Abdul Ghani, “Upin & Ipin: Promoting malaysian culture values through animation,” ''Historia y Comunicación Social'' 20, no. 1 (2015): 253.</ref> kun saen para sa sainda, an siring na osipon nagkokontribwir nin sarong parte kan saindang nabubuhay na realidad. == Mga modernong engkwentro asin paggamit == Kan 2006, sarong parasira hale sa [[Kuala Pahang]], Malaysia an nagbareta na nakakua nin sarong toyol na nakasarado sa sarong bote sa mga baybayon. An toyol itinao sa lokal na museo kan estado kun saen narisa kan direktor an pulang mata asin itom na gubing kaini. <ref>Mohd Fairuz bin Ali and Ng Perng Jeu, “A Malaysian Folklore Game Design As A Tool Of Culture Preservation and Entertainment: Toyol,” ''Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research'' 207 (2018): 198.</ref> An toyol ginamit man sa mga krimen nin paghabon - dawa bakong sa supernatural na kahulugan - sa paagi kan pag-aprobetsar kan pagtubod kan mga tawo sa nilalang. Kan 2009, sarong 77-anyos na babae na nakaistar sa [[Bukit Bandaraya]], Malaysia an naloko sa pagtubod na an saiyang mga mahalagang bagay pigpupuntirya kan sarong toyol sa paagi nin sarong dai nagpapamidbid na apod sa telepono. Siya inabisuhan na itago an mga ini sunod sa mga partikular na instruksyon alagad dai nahaloy nanompongan na sinda hinabon. An saiyang nagresultang pagkalugi uminabot sa RM700,000. <ref name="batcats3">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xwodzk-9EOgC&dq=kumarn-thong&pg=PA85|title=Batcats: The United States Air Force 553rd Reconnaissance Wing in Southeast Asia|last1=Sikora|first1=Jack|last2=Westin|first2=Larry|date=2003|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=0595300812|page=85|ref=batcats}}</ref> Kan 2016, sarong lokal na online na peryodiko sa Malaysia an nagbareta na an sarong tagabaryo nakasabat nin sarong toyol na berde an kublit pagkatapos na isipon na an saiyang asin kan ibang mga residente an nawawarang kuwarta gibo nin sarong parahabon. <ref>Fairuz and Ng, “A Malaysian Folklore Game Design,” 199.</ref> Kan 2019 pa sana, ibinareta na an mga residente na nakaistar sa [[Mengwi]] subdistrict kan [[Badung Regency]] sa [[Bali]], [[Indonesya|Indonesia]] nagtutubod na an sarong tuyul iyo an rason kun tano ta an sarong residente misteryosong nawaran nin IDR1.4 milyon. Ini pig-atribwir sa pagkadiskubre kan garo mga bakas nin aki na nakua sa awto kan biktima. Bilang simbag sa pangyayari, an lokal na pulis nagpatanid na an salarin posibleng tuyong magprobar na ilagalag sinda. <ref>{{Cite web|title='Tuyul' footprints found at scene of alleged theft, police say thief might be human after all {{!}} Coconuts|date=15 December 2019|url=https://coconuts.co/bali/news/tuyul-footprints-found-at-scene-of-alleged-theft-police-say-thief-might-be-human-after-all/|access-date=2023-02-27|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mga kaparehong entidad sa luwas kan Sur-subangan na Asya == An mga espiritu nin mga aki bako sanang sa Sur-subangan na Asya. Sa [[Japanese folklore|osipon kan mga Hapon]], an ''[[zashiki-warashi]]'' igwa nin pagkakaagid sa toyol kun saen pigtutubodan na sinda nagtatao nin swerte sa saindang mga kagsadiri. An mga ''zashiki-warashi'' mga malibog man sa naturalesa asin naoogma sa mga dulse asin mga aling-alingan, alagad sinda naiiba sa toyol sa kadakol na paagi. Imbes na maglataw bilang omboy, an ''zashiki-warashi'' sinasabing garo sadit na aki o tin-edyer. <ref>Irene H. Lin, “Child Guardian Spirits (Gohō Dōji) in the Medieval Japanese Imaginaire,” ''Pacific World Journal'' Third Series, no. 6 (2004): 168-70.</ref> == Sa popular na kultura == === Sine === * Si Malik Selamat an nagdirehir nin sarong 1980 Malay [[horror film]] ''Toyol [ ms ]'', na pinagbidahan [[Sidek Hussain|ni Sidek Hussain]] asin [[Mahmud June]] . * Sa pelikula ni Billy Chan kan 1987 sa Hong Kong ''na Yang Gui Zi'' (na pigtradusir na "pagpakakan sa sarong aki na espiritu", na midbid man sa Ingles na titulo kaini na ''Crazy Spirit'' ), sarong kagsadiri nin tindahan nin alahas, na nagmamawot na magkaigwa nin tagapagmana, nagbiyahe hale sa Hong Kong pasiring sa Thailand tanganing magkua nin sarong omboy na espiritu hale sa sarong kagurangnan na Taoista, na nagselyo kaini sa sarong anting-anting. An anting-anting, pasiring sa Hong Kong, nawara sa pagbiyahe asin nakua kan sarong babae na naghihingoang mag-aki. Aksidente niyang naputol an saiyang muro, na nagin dahelan kan pagturo kan saiyang dugo sa anting-anting asin pagpaluwas kan espiritung aki. <ref name="imdb12">{{cite web|title=Alamak... Toyol!|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2127253/|website=IMDB|access-date=25 December 2021|ref=imdb1}}</ref> * An 2011 Malaysian comedy film ''[[:ms:Alamak... Toyol!|na Alamak...]]'' ''[[:ms:Alamak... Toyol!|Toyol!]]'' nagtatampok nin sarong toyol bilang saiyang aparato sa istorya. * Sa 2013 Singapore horror film ''[[Ghost Child|na Ghost Child]]'', sarong pamilya an nariribok nin sarong tuyul na nag-abot hale sa Indonesia sa sarong urna. * Sa 2016 Indonesian horror film ''[[:id:Tuyul (film 2015)|na Tuyul: Part 1]]'', sarong bagong pamilya an nagbalyo sa sarong lumang harong kan ina kan agom pagkatapos na ini magadan. An agom na lalaki nakanompong nin sarong bote na misteryosong nakatago sa irarom kan putol na salog na kahoy, na iyo an istaran nin sarong linalang na puedeng magsapeligro sa sainda. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/indonesian-horror-movie-tuyul-returns-cinemas-weekend|title=Indonesian Horror Movie 'Tuyul' Returns to Cinemas This Weekend|first=Lisa|last=Siregar|date=2016-03-04|access-date=2021-12-27|work=Jakarta Globe}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://winterfilmawards.com/film/wfa16-tuyul-part-1/|title=Winter Film Awards 2016 Winner - Best Horror Feature Film|year=2016|access-date=2021-12-27|publisher=Winter Film Awards}}</ref> === Literatura === * An 2010 na istoryang ''Toyol'' ni Nicole Lee sarong naratibo na isinurat gikan sa pananaw kan sarong babaeng toyol na an pangaran Meera na sarong orihinal na nagadan na aki na ibinalik sa buhay. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lee|title=Toyol|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/431/article/834990}}</ref> * An 2012 na librong ''Malay Sketches'' kan parasurat na taga-Singapore na [[Alfian Sa'at|si Alfian Sa'at]] igwa nin sarong kabtang na may titulong "A Toyol Story" na nakasentro sa sarong mag-agom na ama asin aki. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780426637|title=Malay sketches|last=Alfian Sa'at|date=2012|others=Shahril Nizam|isbn=978-981-07-1801-5|location=Singapore|oclc=780426637}}</ref> Mas piggagamit an toyol digdi bilang panliteraryong kasangkapan. === Musika === An "Toyol" sarong kanta kan nagadan nang Malaysian singer-songwriter [[Sudirman (singer)|na si Sudirman]] sa saiyang album ''na Perasaan'' (1979). Kaiba sa mga liriko an paglaladawan kan mga pisikal na atributo kan sarong toyol. === Telebisyon === * Sa season 1 kan HBO Asia Original horror anthology series ''na Folklore'', an episode 5 may titulong "Toyol (Malaysia)" asin nagtatampok nin sarong toyol. <ref name="hbo2">{{cite web|title=Toyol (Malaysia)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9399300/|website=IMDB|access-date=25 December 2021|ref=hbo}}</ref> * An Malaysian animated television series [[Upin & Ipin|na Upin & Ipin]] nagtatampok nin sarong toyol sa episode na "Kisah 2 Malam." === Video Game === * ''An Baby Tuyul'' (2015) asin ''Greedy Toyol'' (2017) mga [[mobile game]] na naggagamit kan [[Apk (file format)|apk file format]] . An duwang kawat may labot sa pagkolekta nin mga sinsilyo sa tahaw nin manlaen-laen na kaolangan. * An indie game ''na Pamali: Indonesian Folklore Horror'' (2018) nagtatao nin sarong pwedeng bakalon [[Downloadable content|na pwedeng i-download na laog]] (DLC) na inaapod na ''The Little Devil'' na nakasentro sa sarong tuyul. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-27|title=How Pamali: Indonesian Folklore Horror Upends the Conventions of Horror Game Design|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/games/pamali-indonesian-folklore-horror/pamali-indonesian-folklore-the-little-devil/|access-date=2023-02-27|website=pastemagazine.com|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061621/https://www.pastemagazine.com/games/pamali-indonesian-folklore-horror/pamali-indonesian-folklore-the-little-devil/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * ''An Nightmare (INCUBO)'' (2019) sarong indie na kawat na nagtatampok nin sarong tuyul. <ref>“Nightmare (INCUBO),” Indie Games, Steam, accessed February 24, 2023, https://store.steampowered.com/app/992330/Nightmare_Incubo/ .</ref> * ''An Tuyul Gundul'' (2019) sarong mobile game kun saen an parakawat nagkukua kan papel nin sarong toyol, na naghahabon nin kwarta sa mga tagabaryo na an mga harong na [[Booby trap|-booby-trap]] . <ref>“Tuyul Gundul,” Google Play, accessed February 24, 2023, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pologames16.tuyul&hl=en_SG&gl=US .</ref> * ''Atake sa Toyol!'' sarong maabot na mobile game na, poon kan 2020, piggigibo kan mga miyembro kan [[Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman]], Malaysia. An kawat may katuyuhan na maipalakop an pamana asin osipon kan Malaysia sa mga hoben na henerasyon. <ref>M. F. Bin Ali, N. Perng Jeu and C. H. Teeng, "Enriching Malaysian Cultural and Folklore through Mobile Game Learning Development: Wau & Toyol," ''2020 IEEE Graphics and Multimedia (GAME)'', Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 2020, pp. 1-6, {{doi|10.1109/GAME50158.2020.9315081}}</ref> === Iba === * '''An mga drayber para sa mga serbisyo [[Gig economy|sa gig economy]] sa Sur-subangan na Asya, arog kan [[Grab (company)|Grab]] asin [[Gojek]], naggagamit nin mga third-party gray market app na inaapod na "tuyul" tanganing ma-optimize an saindang eksperyensya sa trabaho. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/7kvpng/delivery-drivers-are-using-grey-market-apps-to-make-their-jobs-suck-less|title=Delivery Drivers Are Using Grey Market Apps to Make Their Jobs Suck Less|website=www.vice.com|date=27 April 2021}}</ref> An mga apps nginaranan nin arog kaini huli ta arog kan mga tuyul sa osipon, nakakatabang sinda na magkaigwa nin kwarta sa paagi nin posibleng ilegal na mga paagi.''' * '''''An Toyol'' iyo an pangaran kan sarong magasin nin katatawanan na Malay na nag-ontok sa pagpublikar kan 1987. <ref>John A. Lent, “Of “Kampung Boy,” “Tok Guru” and Other Zany Characters: Cartooning in Malaysia,” ''Jurnal Komunikasi'' 10 (1994): 55.</ref>''' == Hilingon man == {{Div col|colwidth=20em}} *[[Babi ngepet]] *[[Familiar spirit]] *[[Goblin]] *[[Hantu Raya]] *[[Imp]] *[[Kuman thong]] *[[Jenglot]] *[[Pelesit]] *[[Polong]] *[[The Bottle Imp]] {{Div col end}} == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} bce6vl95q0qiivgcn7vsctz1ryvmn1k 0 50984 310168 284077 2026-09-06T14:35:19Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Samantha Power|image=Samantha Power in 2023 (cropped).jpg|office=19th [[Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development]]|president=[[Joe Biden]]|term_start=May 3, 2021|term_end=January 20, 2025|predecessor=[[Mark Andrew Green|Mark Green]]|successor=[[Jason Gray (government official)|Jason Gray]] (acting)|office1=28th [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations]]|president1=[[Barack Obama]]|deputy1=[[Rosemary DiCarlo]]<br />[[Michele J. Sison]]|term_start1=August 5, 2013|term_end1=January 20, 2017|predecessor1=[[Susan Rice]]|successor1=[[Nikki Haley]]|birth_name=Samantha Jane Power|birth_date={{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1970|9|21}}}}|birth_place=[[London]], England|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|spouse={{marriage|[[Cass Sunstein]]|2008}}|children=2|education=[[Yale University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Harvard University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])|caption=Power in 2023}} '''Si Samantha Jane Power''' (namundag kan Setyembre 21, 1970) sarong peryodista, diplomatiko, asin opisyal kan gobyerno na Irlandes-Amerikano na nagserbing [[Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development|Administrador]] kan [[United States Agency for International Development|Ahensya kan Estados Unidos para sa Internasyonal na Pag-uswag]] poon 2021 sagkod 2025. Siya an ika-28 [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|na Embahador kan Estados Unidos sa Naciones Unidas]] poon 2013 sagkod 2017. <ref name="Britannica2">{{cite web|title=Samantha Power|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Samantha-Power|publisher=[[Britannica.com]]|last=Munro|first=André|date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> An Power sarong miyembro kan [[Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos|Partido Demokratiko]] . Nagpoon si Power kan saiyang karera bilang sarong [[War correspondent|correspondent sa gyera]] na nagkokobre kan [[Yugoslav Wars|mga Gerang Yugoslavia]] bago naglaog sa administrasyon akademiko. Kan 1998, siya nagin Founding Executive Director kan [[Carr Center for Human Rights Policy]] sa [[Harvard Kennedy School]], kun saen siya nagin pinakaenot na Anna Lindh Professor of Practice of Global Leadership and Public Policy sagkod 2009. Siya sarong senior adviser ni Senador [[Barack Obama]] sagkod kan Marso 2008 Si Power nagayon sa grupo nin transisyon [[United States Department of State|kan Departamento kan Estado]] ni Obama kan huring parte kan Nobyembre 2008. Nagserbi siyang Espesyal na Katabang sa Presidente asin Senior Director para sa Multilateral Affairs asin Human Rights sa [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] poon Enero 2009 sagkod Pebrero 2013. <ref name="thewire">{{Cite news|first=Alexander|last=Abad-Santos|title=Samantha Power Has It All|url=http://www.thewire.com/politics/2013/06/samantha-power-bio/65920/|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|date=June 4, 2013|accessdate=March 3, 2025|archivedate=August 20, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820195122/http://www.thewire.com/politics/2013/06/samantha-power-bio/65920/}}</ref> Kan Abril 2012, pinili siya ni Obama na pamayo kan sarong bagong nabilog na [[Atrocities Prevention Board]] . Bilang embahador [[Nagkakasararong Nasyon|kan Naciones Unidas]], an opisina ni Power nagtutok sa mga isyu arog kan reporma kan Naciones Unidas, [[Karapatan nin kababaihan|mga deretso kan mga kababaihan]] asin [[LGBT rights|mga deretso kan LGBT]], [[Religious freedom|katalingkasan sa relihiyon]] asin [[Religious minorities|mga minoriya sa relihiyon]], [[Refugees|mga dulag]], [[Human trafficking|pagnegosyo nin tawo]], [[Human rights|mga deretso pantawo]], asin [[demokrasya]], kabali an sa [[Middle East and North Africa|Tahaw na Sirangan asin Norteng Aprika]], [[Sudan]], asin [[Myanmar]] . Sarong haloy nang parasuporta kan [[Humanitarian intervention|armadong interbensyon]] kan Estados Unidos sa pagkontra sa mga atrosidad sa ibang nasyon, <ref name="Whyte">{{Cite journal|last=Whyte|first=Jessica|title=A "Tragic Humanitarian Crisis": Israel's Weaponization of Starvation and the Question of Intent|date=17 April 2024}}</ref> siya pigkokonsiderar na sarong pangenot na pigura sa administrasyon ni Obama sa pagkumbinsir sa presidente na [[2011 military intervention in Libya|mag-interbenir sa militar sa Libya]] . <ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|first=Sheryl Gay|last=Stolberg|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/30/world/30power.html|title=Still Crusading, but Now on the Inside|date=March 29, 2011}}</ref> An Power sarong tema kan 2014 na dokumentaryo ''[[Watchers of the Sky|na Watchers of the Sky]]'', na nagpapaliwanag kan kontribusyon kan nagkapirang pambihirang tawo, kaiba an Power, sa kawsa kan [[Genocide prevention|pag-iingat sa genocide]] . Nanggana siya nin [[Pulitzer Prize]] kan 2003 para sa saiyang librong ''[[A Problem from Hell|A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide]]'', sarong pag-aadal kan simbag kan [[U.S. foreign policy|polisiya sa ibang nasyon kan Estados Unidos]] sa [[genocide]] . Siya tinawan nin 2015 [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] <ref name="Citation for Samantha Power3">{{cite web|title=Citation for Samantha Power|url=https://barnard.edu/student-services/commencement/commencement-archives/commencement-2015/citation-samantha-power|website=[[Barnard College]]|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=December 13, 2016|quote=In it, you shone a bold and discerning light on the atrocities of Cambodia, Iraq, Bosnia, Rwanda, Kosovo, and Darfur in hope that vows of "never again" would truly mean "never again," and that a regard for human consequences will, someday, matter most.|archive-date=September 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915225654/http://barnard.edu/student-services/commencement/commencement-archives/commencement-2015/citation-samantha-power|dead-url=yes}}</ref> asin kan 2016 [[Henry A. Kissinger Prize]] . <ref name="Jilani2">{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/05/29/samantha-power-to-receive-prize-from-henry-kissinger-whom-she-once-harshly-criticized/|title=Samantha Power to Receive Prize From Henry Kissinger, Whom She Once Harshly Criticized|last=Jilani|first=Zaid|date=May 29, 2016|website=[[The Intercept]]|language=en-US|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> Kan 2016, siya nakalista bilang ika-41 na pinakamakapangyarihan na babae sa kinaban kan ''[[Forbes]]'' . <ref name="Forbes162">{{cite magazine|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall|magazine=[[Forbes]]|access-date=July 7, 2016}}</ref> == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} qyv1ix0hull05b20heqjmezf62jb6nf 0 51075 310171 285886 2026-09-06T15:01:53Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Munneswaram_Sharabha.jpg|thumb|260x260px| Si Shiva bilang Sharabha na nagsasakop ki Narasimha, tanawon sa panel gikan sa templo nin Munneswaram sa [[Sri Lanka]]]] An '''Sharabha''' ( , Śarabha ) o '''Sarabha''' sarong walong bitis na parte-leon asin parte-gamgam na diyos sa [[Hinduismo|relihiyon na Hindu]], na ilinaladawan na mas makapangyarihan kisa sarong leon o sarong elepante, na igwa nin kakayahan na maglinig nin sarong kababan sa sarong paglukso sa literaturang Sanskrit . Sa mga huring literatura, si Sharabha ilinaladawan bilang sarong walong bitis na usa. <ref name="Pattanaik">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oka4ekgGDRoC&pg=PA29|title=Shiva to Shankara decoding the phallic symbol|last=Pattanaik|first=Devdutt|work=Sharabha (Shiva Purana)|publisher=Indus Source|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88569-04-5|pages=123–124}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw1057-zaryahan.jpg|title=शरभ|work=Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary|page=1057|access-date=18 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226140735/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=%2Fscans%2FMWScan%2FMWScanjpg%2Fmw1057-zaryahan.jpg|archive-date=2012-02-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> An mga kasuratan [[Shiva|ni Shiva]] nagsasaysay na an diyos na [[Shiva|si Shiva]] nag-asumir kan porma ni Sharabha tanganing patoninongon [[Narasimha|si Narasimha]] - an mabangis na tawo-leon na avatar ni [[Vishnu]] na sinasamba kan sekta nin [[Vaishnavismo|Vaishnava]] . An pormang ini popular na midbid bilang '''Sharabheshvara''' ("Kagurangnan Sharabha") o '''Sharabheshvaramurti''' . <ref name="Waradpande">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GR1uAAAAMAAJ|title=The mythical Aryans and their invasion|last=Waradpande|first=N. R.|work=Sharabha|publisher=Books & Books|year=2000|isbn=978-81-85016-57-3|pages=43, 46|access-date=2010-01-09}}</ref> An mga Vaishnava nagpapatunay sa paglaladawan ki Narasimha bilang rinaot ni Shiva-Sharabha, asin pighihiling an Sharabha bilang sarong pangaran ni Vishnu. An nagkapirang kasuratan kan Vaishnava arog kan ''Narasimha Purana'' nagsusuherir na si Vishnu nagkua kan porma kan mabangis na gamgam na may duwang payo na si Gandabherunda, na iyo man an nagdaog ki Sharabha. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oym17qIeB-0C&dq=Gandabherunda+Vaishnava&pg=PA252|title=Essays On Indo-Aryan Mythology-Vol.|last=Narayan|first=Aiyangar|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0140-6|pages=252|language=en}}</ref> == Pag-uswag asin ikonograpiya == Sa enot na literaturang Sanskrit, si Sharabha enot na ilinadawan bilang sarong agresibong hayop na nag-uungal asin tinatakot an ibang mga hayop sa mga bulod asin lugar nin kagubatan. Sa huring epikong Hindu ''[[Mahabharata|na Mahabharata]]'', si Sharabha ilinadawan bilang sarong paragadan nin leon na may walong tabay, an mga mata nasa itaas; nag-eerok sa kagurangan asin nagkakakan nin hilaw na laman. Nasambit man ini na nag-eerok sa Mount [[Krauncha]] alagad bako bilang sarong halimaw. Sa saro pang istorya, si Sharabha sarong ordinaryong hayop na nag-eerok kaiba an mga leon asin tigre sa Bukid [[Gandhamadana]] . An epiko kabali man an Sharabha sa listahan kan mga hayop na pwedeng kakanon - an ''mrigajatis'' - an grupo nin mga hayop na antelope, usa, liebre, oso, usa na ruru, sambar, gayal, baboy, asin karabaw - na pig-aalok bilang parte kan kakanon sa pamanggihan sa mga bisita. Si Sharabha minalataw sa pangenot bilang an inkarnasyon kan diyos na [[Shiva|si Shiva]], bilang sarong pangaran nin sarong unggoy-hade sa epikong ''[[Ramayana]]'', siring man bilang sarong tamang pangaran kan mga bayani asin halas na si Nāgas asin saro sa mga pangaran kan diyos na [[Vishnu|si Vishnu]] siring man an [[Siddhartha Gautama|Buddha]] . An mga pagkakaagid sa literaturang Sanskrit pigkukumpara an mga parapakilaban ki Sharabha. <ref name="Hopkins">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6betcw_DgAC&pg=PA18|title=Epic mythology|last=Hopkins|first=E. Washburn|publisher=Encyclopedia of Indo-Aryan Research|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4437-7716-2|pages=18–19|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> <ref name="Mihira">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bf7PKVpe3p4C&pg=PA583|title=Brihat Jataka of Varahamihira|last=Mihira|first=Sree Varaha|last2=Bangalore Venkata Raman|last3=B. Lakshminarain Rao|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1986|isbn=978-81-208-1396-0|page=583|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> Sa pagdepinir kan tema ekolohikal sa medisina kan Hindu na may relasyon sa kagurangan asin sa hamot kan mga karne, si Sharabha nakalista man sa mga katutubong usa kan Kashmir sa komentaryo ni Dalhana kan ika-12 siglo sa ''Sushruta Samhita'' . Alagad, an mga tampok na ipinaliwanag iyo an sarong walong bitis na hayop na arog kadakula nin kamelyo na may darakulang sungay asin pighuhuna na sarong dakulang kanding sa Himalaya. <ref name="Zimmermann">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1o_PRCLOeMC&pg=PA82|title=Volume 4 of Indian medical tradition Alternative Medicine Series|last=Zimmermann|first=Francis|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1999|isbn=978-81-208-1618-3|page=82|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> === An pagkatawo ni Shiva === Sa [[Purana|literaturang Puranic]], si Sharabha pig-aasosyar sa diyos na si Shiva asin nag-inkarnasyon tanganing sakopon an maringis na mga manipestasyon ni Vishnu. An alamat ni Sharabha na nakikipaglaban [[Narasimha|ki Narasimha]] - an pormang tawo-leon ni Vishnu - nagdadara sa enotan kan hayag na iriwal sa pag-ultanan kan mga deboto ni Vishnu (sekta nin [[Vaishnavismo|Vaishnava]] ) asin kan mga deboto ni Shiva (sekta nin [[Shaivismo|Shaiva]] ), na nagbubuyagyag kan maringis na aspeto nin debate. <ref name="Blurton">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ-lzU_nj_MC&pg=PA123|title=Hindu art|last=Blurton|first=T. Richard|work=Sharabha|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-674-39189-5|page=123|access-date=2009-01-09}}</ref> <ref name="Roy">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lr9pFQPwhXYC&pg=PA93|title=Bhagavata Purana|last=Roy|first=Janmajit|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0169-2|pages=93–95|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> An ''[[Shiva Purana]]'' naglaladawan ki Sharabha na garo leon an lalawgon, na may mga buhok na may mga pakpak, mga pakpak asin walong bitis, asin sangribong takyag. <ref name="Knipe">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLmuJhU3wC8C&pg=PA153|title=Criminal gods and demon devotees essays on the guardians of popular Hinduism|last=David Knipe|first=Alf|publisher=SUNY Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-88706-981-9|editor-last=Alf Hiltebeitel|editor-link=Alf Hiltebeitel|page=153}}</ref> An ''Sharabha Upanishad'' naglaladawan ki Sharabha na may duwang payo, duwang pakpak, walong tabay kan leon na may matarom na kuko asin halabang ikog. <ref name="Rao">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKWvPRIkvVEC&pg=PA174|title=Elements of Hindu iconography, Volume 2|last=Rao|first=T. A.Gopinatha|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1997|isbn=978-81-208-0878-2|pages=171–173|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> An ''Kalika Purana'' naglaladawan ki Sharabha na itom an kolor, na may apat na piye pababa asin apat na piye paitaas, na may dakulang hawak. Igwa man ini nin halabang lalawgon asin dungo, kuko, walong tabay, walong ngipon, sarong grupo nin mga balbas, asin halabang ikog. Ini naglulukso nin halangkaw na paorootrong naggigibo nin makosog na kurahaw. <ref name="Shastri">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivVToiARmkoC&pg=PA25|title=Kalika purana|last=Shastri|first=Biswanarayan|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ|year=1994|isbn=978-81-208-1124-9|pages=25–27|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> [[Ladawan:NarasimhaHara.JPG|thumb| Duwang payo na Sharabha na may apat na tabay]] An ikonograpiya ni Sharabheshvaramurti (Shiva bilang Sharabha) partikularmenteng tinawan nin kahulugan sa mga teksto arog kan ''[[Agama (Hinduismo)|Kamikagama]]'' asin ''Sritattvanidhi'' . Sa ''Kamikagama'', si Sharabha ilinaladawan sa porma nin sarong gamgam na may kolor na bulawan, na may duwang nakaitaas na pakpak, duwang pulang mata, apat na tabay sa porma nin sarong leon na nagduduta sa daga, apat na tabay na may mga kuko paitaas, asin may ikog nin hayop. An itaas na parte kan hawak ipinapahiling bilang tawo alagad may lalawgon nin leon na may dekorasyon na korona; an mga ngipon sa gilid ilinaladawan man na nagtatao nin sarong pankagabsan na makatatakot na tanawon. Ipinapahiling man kaini an Narasimha sa irarom kan mga bitis ni Sharabha bilang sarong tawong may lalawgon na leon na may ''[[Añjali Mudrā|anjali]]'' (mga kamot na nakatiklop na muwestra sa pamibi). (Hilingon an imahe kan Infobox) Sa ''Sritattvanidhi'', an paglaladawan na itinao para ki Sharabheshvaramurti igwa nin treyntang takyag; an mga braso sa too iyo an magkapot nin thunderbolt, mushti, abhaya, chakra (discus), sakti, sugkod, goad, espada, ''khatvanga'', atsa, akshamala, sarong tulang, busog, musala, asin kalayo; asin an mga walang kamot tanganing magpahiling nin higot, varada, mace, pana, bandera, asin saro pang klase nin espada, sarong halas, sarong burak nin lotus, skull-cup, pustaka, arado, asin mrudanga na an sarong kamot nakapalibot [[Durga|ki Durga]] sa sarong kugos. An pormang ini pig-oomaw tanganing magdara nin swerte, magpaomay kan gabos na helang asin raoton an gabos na kaiwal. An dinastiyang Chola sa Tamil Nadu partikularmenteng paborable sa mga pagtubod kan sektang Shaiva. Sinasabi na an aspetong sektaryan nagin tampok sa panahon kan saindang pagreynar. Ini malinaw sa apat na imahen ni Sharabha, an pinakaenot sa templo nin Vikramsolishwaram harani sa Kumbakonam na itinogdok ni Vikrama Chola (1118–35). An ibang mga imahen yaon sa Darasuram asin Kampahareshvarar na templo, Thirubuvanam na itinogdok kan sarong Chola na namamahala, Kulottunga Chola III kun saen an imahen ni Sharabha nakabugtak sa sarong separadong santuaryo. <ref name="Smith">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4EvknQEACAAJ&pg=PA191|title=The Dance of Siva Religion, Art and Poetry in South India Volume 7 of Cambridge Studies in Religious Traditions|last=Smith|first=David|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-521-52865-8|page=193|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> An eskultura ni Sharbeshwaramurti sa templo nin Tribhuvanam, sarong templo ni Shiva sa distrito nin Tanjore, sa [[Tamil Nadu]] nahihiling na may tolong tabay, na may hawak asin lalawgon nin leon asin ikog. Igwa ining apat na takyag nin tawo, an toong itaas na kamot kapot an atsa, an higot kapot sa ibabang toong kamot, an usa sa itaas na walang kamot asin kalayo sa ibabang walang kamot. Si Narasimha ipinapahiling na may walong takyag, na nagluluya asin nakikipaglaban sa irarom kan mga bitis ni Sharbeshwaramurti. Sa Airavatesvara Temple sa Darasuram, sarong pambihirang imahe kan panahon nin Chola, sa itom na basalt, naglaladawan ki Shiva bilang Sharabha. Ini pigdidios sa sarong eksklusibong sadit na santuaryo, bilang parte nin tawo, hayop asin gamgam, na rinaraot an tawo-leon na inkarnasyon ni Vishnu, Narasimha. Ini nagpapahiling kan pagkaongis sa pag-ultanan kan mga sekta nin Shaiva asin Vaishnava. Sa Chennakeshava Temple, Belur, Karnataka, na itinogdok kan 1113, Gandaberunda, an duwang lalawgon na gamgam na pigmidbid ki Vishnu minalataw sa sarong inukit na eksena nin pagputol nin hayop. Sa primero, an sarong usa biktima nin sarong dakulang sawa, na dangan inaalsa nin sarong elepante asin nagreresulta sa pag'atake kan leon sa elepante. An leon dangan ipinapahiling na piglalamoy ni Sharabha, na an huring eksena naglaladawan ki Gandaberunda na rinaraot si Sharabha. <ref name="Kamat2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=1149|title=Gandaberunda- The Two Headed Bird|access-date=2010-01-10|publisher=Kamat Potpourri|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202000034/http://www.kamat.com/jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=1149|archive-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Sa mga ikonograpikong representasyon kan mito ni Shiva vis-à-vis ki Vishnu, an pormang Sharabha itinogdok sa palibot ni Narasimha alagad substansyal na pig-adornohan nin mga pakpak tanganing irepresentar [[Kali|si Kali]] asin Durga tanganing iparisa an mga babaeng kapangyarihan ( [[Shakti|shaktis]] ) ni Shiva; Si Sharabha ipinapahiling man na may payo nin gamgam asin halas sa saiyang tuka. <ref name="Kramrisch">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5BanndcIgUC&pg=PA436|title=The Presence of Siva|last=Kramrisch|first=Stella|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-691-01930-7|page=436|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> == Sa mga kasuratan na Hindu == === Sa ''Mahabharata'' === An epikong Hindu ''na Mahabharata'' nag-iistorya: an sarong ayam, sa tabang nin sarong rishi (madonong) nag-aako nin manlaen-laen na porma nin hayop - poon sa sarong ayam sagkod sa sarong tigre dangan sagkod sa sarong elepante na sinusundan nin sarong leon asin sarong sharabha - tinatakot an lambang saro sa ermitanyo kan rishi. Sa kahurihurihi, si Sharabha nagkaigwa nin mas maringis na porma. Sa mabangis na pormang ini gusto niyang lamunon an rishi. An rishi dangan nag-iistorya kan proseso nin pagbabago sa pag-uswag ni Sharabha, bilang resulta kan saiyang kabootan, sinumpa si Sharabha na magbalik sa saiyang orihinal na porma nin sarong ayam. <ref name="Ganguli">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnQVCgtmW-sC&pg=PA348|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-dwaipayana Vyasa, Book-12|last=Ganguli|first=Kisari Mohan|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|year=2009|isbn=978-0-559-13713-6|pages=347–348|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> An epiko dai nagkokonektar ki Shiva ki Sharabha. === Mga paghiling ni Shaiva === [[Ladawan:Sarabha_Narasinmha_Kangra.jpg|wala|thumb| Si Sharabha (too) kaiba si Narasimha na naggagadan ki Hiranyakashipu mantang si Prahlada asin an saiyang ina nagheheling.]] An alamat ni Sharabha bilang sarong inkarnasyon ni Shiva isinaysay sa kadakol na mga kasuratan na Hindu asin an lambang saro nagpepresentar nin laen-laen na bersyon tanganing angay sa relihiyosong mga pagtubod nin saro. Alagad an sarong komun na refrain sa gabos na mga paglaladawan na ini iyo na si Sharabha sarong kombinasyon nin sarong dakulang hayop-gamgam na hayop na may dakulang kusog na ipinapahiling sa katuyuhan na patoninongon an kaparehong mabangis na avatar ni Vishnu arog ni [[Narasimha]] (tawo-leon). An alamat na Narasimha-Sharabha konektado sa mga diyos na nag-aako nin mitolohikong porma nin hayop tanganing gadanon o sakopon an lambang saro. Si Vishnu nag-asumir kan porma ni Narasimha tanganing gadanon si Hiranyakashipu, sarong asura (demonyo) na hade, na nagtatakot sa uniberso, asin sarong deboto ni Shiva. An ''[[Shiva Purana]]'' nagsasambit: Pagkatapos na gadanon si Hiranyakashipu, an kaanggotan ni Narasimha nagbanta sa kinaban. Sa pagboot kan mga diyos, sinugo ni Shiva si Virabhadra tanganing labanan si Narasimha. Kan dai iyan nagin mapanggana, si Shiva nagpahiling bilang Sharabha. An ''Shiva Purana'' asin nagkapirang ''[[Purana]]'' nagsasambit ki Sharabha na inaatake si Narasimha asin pinapahiro siya. Sa siring, napundo niya an makatatakot na kaanggotan ni Narasimha. <ref name="Woodroffe">{{Cite book|title=Hymns to the Goddess|last=Woodroffe|first=Sir John|work=Saharab|publisher=Forgotten Books|isbn=978-1-60620-146-6|page=151}}</ref> <ref name="Soifer 1991 91–92">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoFDK_sDGHwC&pg=PA4|title=The myths of Narasiṁha and Vāmana two avatars in cosmological perspective|last=Soifer|first=Deborah A.|publisher=SUNY Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-7914-0799-8|pages=90–91}}</ref> Sinasabi man na si Sharabha dangan pinutol an payo asin hinale an kublit ni Narasimha tanganing isulot ni Shiva an anit asin payo nin leon bilang gubing. An ''[[Linga Purana]]'' asin an ''Sharabha Upanishad'' nagsambit man kan pagputol asin paggadan ki Narasimha. Pagkatapos kan pagputol, si Vishnu nagkua kan saiyang normal na porma asin nagretiro sa saiyang istaran, pagkatapos na mag-omaw ki Shiva. Poon digdi na si Shiva namidbid bilang "Sharabeshamurti" o "Simhagnamurti". <ref name="Bakker">{{Cite book|title=Origin and growth of the Purāṇic text corpus|last=Phyllis Granoff|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=2004|isbn=8120820495|editor-last=Bakker, Hans|pages=116–131|chapter=Saving the Saviour|access-date=2010-01-15|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLN0F7GGecsC&q=sarabha&pg=PA122}}</ref> An ''[[Skanda Purana]]'' pigkokonsiderar si Narasimha bilang sarong iritasyon sana asin bakong sarong banta sa kinaban, kontra sa kun ano an ipinaluwas sa ''Shiva Purana'' asin ''Linga Purana'' . An pagmansay iyo na si Vishnu pwedeng permanenteng mag-ako kan maringis na porma ni Narasimha, na makakaraot sa saiyang banal na papel. Kaya, an katuyuhan ni Shiva-Sharabha iyo na seguradohon na itinapok ni Vishnu an saiyang hawak na leon asin nagbalik sa saiyang orihinal na banal na porma. Tinamaan ni Narasimha si Sharabha kan saiyang hawak, si Vishnu an nag-agrangay sa kulog asin bako si Sharabha na yaon sa "adamantine body". Kan panahon na idto narealisar ni Vishnu na si Sharabha mayo nang iba kundi si Shiva asin nagduko asin nag-omaw ki Sharabha. Dangan binendisyonan ni Shiva si Vishnu asin tinawan siya nin biyaya tanganing gadanon an mga demonyo . An sarong ''purana'' nagtatapos kan istorya na an mga diyos natatakot na tibaad dai makontrol ni Sharabha an saiyang kaanggotan asin kaya nag-aagda ki Shiva na itao an saiyang pormang Sharabha. Pagkatapos kaiyan, pinutol ni Shiva an porma ni Sharabha; an saiyang mga tabay itinao asin an saiyang hawak nagin sarong Kapalika . <ref name="O">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnfZ_MBErlQC&pg=PA282|title=Śiva, the erotic ascetic|last=O'Flaherty|first=Wendy Doniger|publisher=Oxford University Press US|year=1981|isbn=978-0-19-520250-2|pages=282–3|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> Sa bersyon ''kan [[Vamana Purana]]'', si Sharabha mayo nin kalangkawan ki Narasimha asin ini natapos na si Narasimha nagin giraray an kalmadong Vishnu asin si Sharabha nagin sarong [[lingam]] kan si Narada naghihiling sainda. <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.313087|title=The Vamana Purana With English Translation|last=Gupta|first=anand Swarup|date=1968|pages=178–179}}</ref> An sarong bersyon nagsambit man na si Sharabha, pagkatapos na sakopon si Narasimha, nag-asumir kan saiyang orihinal na porma nin sarong leon, an bukid kan diosa na [[Durga|si Durga]] asin nagbalik tanganing magpahingalo sa saiyang pamitisan. Sa ''Kalika Purana'', [[Varaha|si Varaha]] - an baboy na avatar ni Vishnu - nagkaigwa nin pagkamoot sa diosa kan daga . Siya asin an saiyang tolong aking lalaki dangan nagmukna nin kariribokan sa kinaban, na nagpangyari ki Shiva na magkua kan porma ni Sharabha, tanganing gadanon an pormang Varaha. Digdi, si Narasimha minalataw na nagtatabang ki Varaha. Pagkatapos na tawan siya nin kusog ni Vishnu, ginadan nguna ni Sharabha si Narasimha dangan ginadan si Varaha, na nagtutugot ki Vishnu na masupsop giraray an mga enerhiya kan saiyang duwang porma. <ref name="Frederick">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CuB7K3bDWDsC&q=Varaha+Kalika+Purana&pg=PA223|title=The self possessed: deity and spirit possession in South Asian literature|last=Frederick M. Smith|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780231137485|pages=223–4}}</ref> An bersyon na ini kan istorya igwa nin alusyon sa Prapanchasara Tantra. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/Tantric_Texts_Series_Edited_by_Arthur_Avalon_John_Woodroffe/Tantric%20Texts%20Series%2018%20Prapanchasara%20Tantra%20of%20Shankaracharya%20vol%201%20-%20Arthur%20Avalon%201919/page/57/mode/1up|title=Prapanchasara Tantra of shankaracharya vol 1-Arthur Avalon.|publisher=Agamanusandhana Samiti, Calcutta}}</ref> === Mga paghiling kan Vaishnava === [[Ladawan:Ashtamukha_Gandaberunda_Narasimha.jpg|thumb| Pintura ni Gandabherunda na ginagadan si Sharabha asin Hiranyakashipu, na ilinaladawan sa saiyang kublit.]] An mga iskolar na Vaiṣṇava, kaiba an mga prominenteng pilosopong Dvaita kan ika-16 na siglo arog ni Vijayīndra Tīrtha, nagsisikwal sa paglaladawan ki Narasiṁha na nasakop o nadestroso ni Śarabha. Ibinabaliwala ninda an mga Śaiva Purāṇas na igwa nin mga naratibo bilang [[Tamas (pilosopiya)|tāmasic]] (na pano nin ignoransya) asin kun kaya bakong may awtoridad sa laog kan tradisyon kan Vaiṣṇava. Si Vijayīndra Tīrtha nagtutukar kan pagnegar kan alamat kan Śarabha, kaiba an sampulong iba pang mga istorya kan Śaivite, sa saiyang obra na Śaivasarvasvakhaṇḍanam. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVtpFMPMulcC&pg=PA412|title=A history of the Dvaita school of Vedānta and its literature from the earliest beginnings to our own times|last=Sharma|first=B. N. Krishnamurti|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-81-208-1575-9|access-date=2010-01-15}}</ref> An alamat na ini itinampok man sa Narasimha Purāna. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oym17qIeB-0C&dq=Gandabherunda+Vaishnava&pg=PA252|title=Essays on Indo - Aryan Mythology - Vol. 1|last=Narayan|first=Aiyangar|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0140-6|language=en}}</ref> Susog sa Ahobila Mahatamya kapitulo 8 kan Brahmanda Puran, si Sharabha nagadan sa laban laban ki Narasimha avatara तँसमानौ तु तदा चिरेण बलवत्तरौ । न शमं जग्मतुर्देवौ नृसिंहश्रभाकृतिः ॥ ततः क्रुद्धो महाकओ नृसिंहो भी मनस्वनः । सहस्रकरजैस्त्रस्तस्य गात्राणि पीडयन् ॥ ततः स्फुरचटाचोटो रुद्रं शरभरूपिणम् । विदारिननखैस्तीक्षणैर्हिरण्यक खरीदुं यथा ॥ "Dangan nangyari an laban sa pag-ultanan kan duwang makapangyarihan asin makapangyarihan na pwersa, arin na baga si Narasimha asin Sharaba, na nagpadagos sa halawig na panahon asin pareho sindang dai nagkalma asin nakipaglaban nin maringis. Pagkatapos kaini, si Kagurangnan Narasimha, na pano nin kaanggotan asin may dakulang pisikal na porma, na may mga pako gikan sa Saiyang sangribong kamot, kinapotan an Sharaba na ini bilang sarong porma kan Rusumha asin buksan kan cheres Si Sharaba, gamit an Saiyang matarom asin nakakagadan na mga kuko asin ginadan ini sa parehong paagi na ginadan Niya si Hiranyakashipu." An Jvala Narasimha stotra nagsasabi na an pormang ini iyo man an paralaglag kan Sharabha bilang "ॐ शरभध्वंसिने नमः". An saro pang siring na pangaran makukua, kun saen si Narasimha ipinapahiling bilang an paralaglag kan Virabhadra ie Sharabheswara नृसिंहो वीरभद्रिजी Mga saludo ki Narasimha, an mananakop kan Śarabheśvara. ~ Padma puran 6.174.85,6.71.194, Nārada Pāñcarātra (Viṣṇu Sahasranāma), Viṣṇu Maharnava Tantra Igwa man nin pagsambit ki Sharabha sa ''Vishnu Sahasranama'', an sangribong pangaran ni Vishnu, asin an literal na kahulugan garo nagsusuherir kan pag-omaw ki Sharabha (an hayop na paragadan nin leon). Si Adi Shankara nagtutukdo sa ika-356 na pangaran na ini ni ''Vishnu Sahasranama'' na dai man lamang nagsambit kan hayop na paragadan nin leon asin imbes pig-interpretar an pangaran na nangangahulugan, "Mantang an Kagurangnan nagliliwanag sa hawak bilang an nag-eerok na Sadiri, Siya inaapod na Sharabha, mantang an hawak sara (nalalapa)." Si Narasimhan Krishnamachari, sarong iskolar sa pilosopiyang Vishishtadvaita, nagsasabi na an pangaran na "Sharabha" pig-interpretar sa duwang paagi iyo an; an enot na interpretasyon nangangahulugan na "an Paralaglag (kan mga naglalapas sa mga linderos kan etika)," siring sa itinao kan komentarista na Sri Vaishnava, si Parasara Bhattar asin an ikaduwang interpretasyon siring sa itinao ni Adi Shankara, kaiba an iba pa. An enot nakabase sa berbong [[Sanskrito|Sanskrit]] na SR, na an boot sabihon "magdanyar tanganing magraot". Susog ki CV Radhakrishna Sastri, "Si Sara nanonongod man sa sarong pana, asin an madaling mawara na hawak nagliliwanag kun ini nakatutok ki Bhagavan, huli ta Siya nagliliwanag sa hawak na iyan." <ref name="Krishnamachari2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ahobilavalli.org/vishnu_sahasra_namam_vol2.pdf|title=Vishnusahsranamam, Volume II- Annotated Commentaries by Sri Narasimhan Krishnamachari|publisher=hobilavalli.org|access-date=2010-01-21|archive-date=2010-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620074403/http://ahobilavalli.org/vishnu_sahasra_namam_vol2.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Sa mga kasuratan kan Budismo == [[Ladawan:Sharabha_deer.jpg|thumb| Si Sharabha pigladawan na kapareho nin sarong usa, folio gikan sa mga osipon ni Jataka.]] Sa mga osipon kan Jataka kan mga nakaaging buhay [[Siddhartha Gautama|ni Buddha]], igwa nin narasyon na may relasyon sa saiyang pagkamundag bilang [[Bodhisattva]] sa sarong kagurangan bilang sarong Sharabha, an walong bitis na usa. Sarong hade, mantang naghihingoang hanapon an usa, nahulog sa sarong bangin kaiba an saiyang kabayo. An usa, imbes na bayaan an hade sa saiyang kapaladan, ilinigtas siya. An hade napahirong marhay an boot kan maheherakon na gibo asin ipinagbawal an pangangayam sa saiyang nasyon. <ref name="Himalaya2">{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayanart.org/image.cfm/50215.html|title=Shakyamuni Buddha - Jataka (previous lives)|access-date=2010-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031232948/http://www.himalayanart.org/image.cfm/50215.html|archive-date=2013-10-31}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Jātaka or stories of the Buddha's former births|last=Edward Byles Cowell|last2=Sir Robert Chalmers|last3=William Henry Denham Rouse|last4=Henry Thomas Francis|last5=Robert Alexander Neil|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=2000|isbn=978-81-206-1469-7|editor-last=Edward Byles Cowell|volume=4|pages=166–74|chapter=Sarabha-Miga-Jataka|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tyzjqrJ2YnwC&pg=PA166}}</ref> Sa Budismong Tibetano, an sharabha pigrerepresentar bilang sarong hayop na may payo asin sungay nin kanding, balahibo nin leon asin hawak asin tabay nin kabayo. Ini nagsisimbolo nin determinasyon, kusog asin karikas. Minsan, ini pigrerepresentar nin dagdag na mga sungay nin sarong antelope asin mga kuko nin sarong agila. Minsan, an payo kan kanding sinasalidahan nin sarong leon, an mga bitis nin kabayo nin sarong leon asin an mga sungay pwedeng sarong lalaking karnero. An sarong komun na tampok kan gabos na representasyon iyo an hawak kan kabayo. Ini parati pigladawan bilang mga bukid nin mga hoben na Deva o mga enano sa sarong ''Torana'' – sarong anom na lebel na arko sa likod kan trono nin kaliwanagan kan sarong [[Pagka-Buddha|Buddha]] o Bodhisattva. Kaiba an mga deva, sinda nagsisimbolo kan pagkaperpekto kan paghihingoa (virya). <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XlqeS3WjSWIC&pg=PA90|title=The encyclopedia of Tibetan symbols and motifs|last=Robert Beér|publisher=Serindia Publications, Inc.|year=2004|isbn=978-1-932476-10-1|pages=80, 90}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3804Ud9-4IC&pg=PA259|title=The handbook of Tibetan Buddhist symbols|last=Robert Beer|publisher=Serindia Publications, Inc.|year=2003|isbn=978-1-932476-03-3|page=259}}</ref> == Bilang emblema == [[Ladawan:Seal_of_Karnataka.svg|too|thumb| An emblema kan estado nin Karnataka, na napapalibutan kan mga Sharabha asin nakasentro kan Gandaberunda]] An Gobyerno kan Karnataka, an Unibersidad kan Mysore asin an Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited nag-ampon kan Sharabha, na may mga modipikasyon sa saindang emblema. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=1149|title=Gandaberunda- The Two Headed Bird|access-date=2007-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202000034/http://www.kamat.com/jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=1149|archive-date=2014-02-02}}</ref><ref name="Univer2">{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-mysore.ac.in/the-university-emblem/|title=The University Emblem|access-date=2010-01-10|publisher=University of Mysore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027112415/http://www.uni-mysore.ac.in/the-university-emblem/|archive-date=2013-10-27}}</ref> Sa logo kan Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited, si Sharabha pigladawan sa porma nin hawak nin leon na may payo nin elepante tanganing irepresentar an mga birtud nin kadunungan, kusog nin boot asin kusog. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mysoresandal.co.in/profile.html|title=Profile: Sharabha|access-date=2010-01-09|publisher=Karnataka Saops and Detergents Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610062809/http://www.mysoresandal.co.in/profile.html|archive-date=2010-06-10}}</ref> == Hilingon man == * Yali (mitolohiyang Hindu) * Griffin * [[Sphinx]] == Toltolan == {{reflist|2}} {{Saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dim21bixfgfmkt3x5t6rioratw71ilp 0 55567 310164 303926 2026-09-06T13:42:25Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ritwal asin kawat nin pagguyod sa Filipinas}} [[File:Hungduan rice terraces.jpg|thumb|[[Tangga (mga gibo sa daga)|Mga tangga-tanggang paruyan]] sa Hungduan]] An '''Punnuk''' sarong tradisyonal na [[butong nin gubat]] (''tug of war'') hale sa [[Filipinas]] na piggigibo kan mga tawo na [[tataramon na Tuwali|nagtataram nin Tuwali]] na nag-iirok sa [[Hungduan]], [[Ifugao]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Respicio |first=Norma |date=June 12, 2013 |title=Punnuk: Closing the Harvest Season with the Tug-of-War along the River Hapao |url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/30164-EN.pdf |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> An kompetisyon, na ginigibo sa Hapao River, pig-oobserbaran pakatapos kan pag-ani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-29 |title=Philippines, South Korea engage in tug-of-war |url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/354578/philippines-south-korea-engage-in-tug-of-war/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Lifestyle.INQ |language=en-US}}</ref> Ini pormal na nagtatapos kan siklo nin pag-oma, asin nagsesenyas kan pagpoon nin sarong bago.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Geminiano |first=Pamela Mariz |date=August 1, 2018 |title=Ifugao's post-harvest ritual 'Punnuk' amazes DOT head |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1043182 |website=Philippine News Agency}}</ref> == Lugar == An [[Barangay|mga barangay]] kan Hapao Proper, Nungulunan asin Baang sa Hungduan, Ifugao naggigibo nin ''punnuk''.<ref name=":2" /> An tolong barangay napapalain huli sa saindang mga [[tangga-tangga]] na oma na may mga lanob na gapo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=What is "heritage" for the Hungduan people? |url=https://tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/26959/files/GNP_v2.pdf |archive-date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211075205/https://tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/26959/files/GNP_v2.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> An Salog Hapao, an lugar kan ''punnuk'', nagbubulos hale sa Bukid Alawitan asin Bukid Polis, asin pinapabago kan mga sanga hale sa Bukid Kapiligan.<ref name=":0" /> == Mga partisipante == An "punnuk" na pangyayari, sarong tradisyonal na tug-of-war sa salog, sa kasaysayan sarong aktibidad na dominado nin mga lalaki kun saen an mga lalaki nagpapahiling nin kusog asin pagtinarabangan, mantang an mga babae nagsusuportar gikan sa gilid. Kan 2012, sarong mahalagang pagbabago an nangyari sa pag'introdusir kan tug-of-war kan mga kababaihan, na nagtutugot sa mga kababaihan na aktibong magpartisipar asin magpahiling kan saindang kusog.<ref name=":0" /> == Kawat == An ''punnuk'' nangangaipo nin duwang elemento: sarong ''tinaggu'' (bisto man sa apod na ''kinaag'') asin sarong ''pakid''.<ref name=":2" /> An ''tinaggu'' sarong pigura na gibo sa mga poon nin paroy asin mahigot na nakabugkos nin mga baging.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2019 |title=Punnuk, the Tugging Ritual in Hungduan, Closing an Agricultural Cycle |url=https://hungduan.gov.ph/punnuk-the-tugging-ritual-in-hungduan-closing-an-agricultural-cycle/ |access-date=February 9, 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An pigura parati nakakaagid sa sarong [[panakot sa kino]] o sarong [[butiki|tagaw]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=August 27, 2014 |title=Punnuk: An ancient celebration of harvest at the Ifugao Rice Terraces |url=https://plnmedia.com/punnuk-celebration-harvest-ifugao/ |access-date=February 9, 2024 |work=PLN Media}}</ref> Ini an bagay na itinapok sa tahaw na parte kan salog asin an tema kan pagguyod sa pag-ultanan kan duwang nag-iiwal na grupo na yaon sa magkaibong na gilid kan salog sa ibong kan sulog.<ref name=":3" /> Tanganing maguyod an tinaggu pasiring sa saindang gilid, an lambang grupo naggagamit nin ''pakid'', an poon kan kahoy nin [[Callicarpa formosana|attoba]] na may gamot na pwedeng marigon na ikabit sa ''tinaggu''.<ref name=":1" /> An inot na grupo na magguyod kan ''tinaggu'' sa saindang gilid iyo an manggagana.<ref name=":3" /> Pigtutubodan na an nanggana pirming magkakaigwa kan saindang kamalig nin paroy na bago asin pano.<ref name=":1" /> Samantala, an mga nadaog magkakaigwa kan saindang ani na madaling maubos asin kun siring dai magdadanay sagkod sa masunod na panahon nin pag-ani.<ref name=":4" /> == Pagmidbid kan UNESCO == {{Infobox intangible heritage | Countries = [[Kambodya]], [[Filipinas]], [[Habagatan na Korea]], [[Biyetnam]] | ICH = Mga ritwal asin kawat nin pagbutong | ID = 01080 | Region = APA | Year = 2015 | Session = ika-10 | List = Representante }} An ''Punnuk'', kaiba an mga ritwal asin kawat sa pagguyod sa [[Kambodya]], [[Habagatan na Korea]], asin [[Biyetnam]], pinagsararong kabali sa [[Dai nahihiling na pamana sa kultura|Lista nin mga dai nahihiling na pamana sa kultura kan katawohan]] kan [[UNESCO]] kan 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=VietnamPlus |date=2015-12-03 |title=Tugging rituals, games named cultural heritage of humanity {{!}} Culture - Sports {{!}} Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/tugging-rituals-games-named-cultural-heritage-of-humanity/85661.vnp |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=VietnamPlus |language=en}}</ref> An desisyon ginibo sa ika-10 na Komite sa Intergovernmental para sa Pagprotehir kan Dai Nahihiling na Pamana Kultural na miting na ginibo sa [[Windhoek]], [[Namibya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=en.baochinhphu.vn |date=2015-12-04 |title=Tug of War becomes Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |url=https://en.baochinhphu.vn/news-11124739.htm |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=en.baochinhphu.vn |language=vi}}</ref> == Mga toltolan== {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tugging-rituals-and-games-01080 Tugging rituals and games], UNESCO {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Kultura kan Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Dai Nahihiling na Pamana Kultural kan Katawohan]] 7eicx6d6comiiiczpbclx7y9jc9pzxq 0 55902 310185 310148 2026-09-07T09:18:26Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 Piglilikay sa [[tl:Alexandra Eala]] 310185 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[tl:Alexandra_Eala ]] sotgdvkz8dxzp4jfctjn4afc2f2v0jp 310186 310185 2026-09-07T09:48:27Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:{{{tl:Alexandra_Eala}}}|{{{1}}}]] gvxtcov7hwt4y4raq8al3skar8m63s1 310187 310186 2026-09-07T09:49:06Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310187 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[tl:Alexandra_Eala ]] sotgdvkz8dxzp4jfctjn4afc2f2v0jp 310188 310187 2026-09-07T09:57:54Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310188 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[tl:Alexandra_Eala ]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles. Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023. Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019. Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva. Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open. Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals. An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban. Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts. Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024. Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis. === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] === Mga Sanggunian === oupy7w26mccwztjksz6kdjn672p4aw9 310189 310188 2026-09-07T10:04:34Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 Removed redirect to [[tl:Alexandra Eala]] 310189 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles. Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023. Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019. Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva. Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open. Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals. An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban. Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts. Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024. Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis. === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === 6ly7q62hbgs40p0d20hr4he76a967c9 310190 310189 2026-09-07T10:06:57Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310190 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles.<ref name="WTA-profile2">{{cite news|title=WTA: Alexandra Eala|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala|access-date=25 March 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023. Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019. Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva. Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open. Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts. Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024. Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis. === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === 7f5z9bfwqsvze2f6b4r8g2gai8xy09h 310191 310190 2026-09-07T10:19:43Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310191 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles.<ref name="WTA-profile2">{{cite news|title=WTA: Alexandra Eala|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala|access-date=25 March 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APEXRANK1">[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2026/8/24/alex-eala-now-world-s-no-18-and-the-highest-ranked-southeast-asian-in-wta-singles-history-1953 De Guzman, Alyana (August 24, 2026) "Alex Eala now World’s No. 18 and the highest-ranked Southeast Asian in WTA Singles history." ABS CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2026.]</ref> Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2022|title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala|access-date=January 12, 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2018|title=Lilov & Eala win at Les Petits As|url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F117748%2FLilov-Eala-win-at-Les-Petits-As|access-date=November 14, 2024|website=Tennis Europe}}</ref> Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-31|title=Eala, Nugroho capture Australian Open girls' doubles title|url=https://www.espn.com/story/_/id/28604688/eala-nugroho-capture-australian-open-girls-doubles-title|access-date=2025-10-08|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levinsohn|first=Dan|date=September 10, 2022|title=Alexandra Eala becomes first Filipina to win a junior Grand Slam singles title at the 2022 US Open|url=https://www.usopen.org/enUS/news/articles/2022-09-10/alexandraealabecomesfirstfilipinatowinajuniorgrandslamsinglestitleatthe2022usopen.html|access-date=November 14, 2025|website=US Open}}</ref> Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tignor|first=Steve|date=March 26, 2025|title=Is Nadal Academy prodigy Alexandra Eala the next tennis star?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-academy-prodigy-alexandra-eala-next-tennis-star|website=Tennis.com|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref><ref>[https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice Dickson Jefford, Oli. (March 02, 2026). Alex Eala told “where she can improve” as Martina Navratilova offers advice. Tennis365.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sotelo|first=Andre|date=February 6, 2026|title=What Alex Eala still needs to win a WTA Grand Slam|url=https://sportsnewsph.com/what-alex-eala-still-needs-to-win-a-wta-grand-slam/|website=Sports News Philippines|access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref> Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024.<ref>[https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ Carandang, J. K. (May 20, 2022). Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles. GMA News.]</ref><ref>[https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ Payo, J. (September 29, 2023). Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles. Rappler.]</ref><ref>[https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.]</ref><ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.]</ref><ref>[https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.]</ref><ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.]</ref> Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis.<ref name=":0">[https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala? Acebuche, Yoniel (March 28, 2025). "Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court". ''Philstar Life''. Retrieved January 12, 2026.]</ref><ref>[https://thegame-onemega.com/lifestyle/look-nike-customizes-alex-eala-kicks-to-commemorate-us-open-victory/ Caniza, Annika. (March 6, 2023). ''Nike honors Alex Eala with custom shoes for US Open win''. The Game – OneMega Lifestyle.]</ref><ref>[https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/ ''Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser''. (January 25, 2023). Bilyonaryo.]</ref><ref>[https://vogue.ph/november-2022/in-her-court-tennis-star-alex-eala-looks-to-the-future/ Sampayan, Jacs. (October 29, 2022). ''In her court: Tennis star Alex Eala looks to the future''. Vogue Philippines.]</ref> === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === rbyt85e3edu6l7utgb8qop08q104x3s 310192 310191 2026-09-07T10:40:21Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310192 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles.<ref name="WTA-profile2">{{cite news|title=WTA: Alexandra Eala|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala|access-date=25 March 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APEXRANK1">[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2026/8/24/alex-eala-now-world-s-no-18-and-the-highest-ranked-southeast-asian-in-wta-singles-history-1953 De Guzman, Alyana (August 24, 2026) "Alex Eala now World’s No. 18 and the highest-ranked Southeast Asian in WTA Singles history." ABS CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2026.]</ref> Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2022|title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala|access-date=January 12, 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2018|title=Lilov & Eala win at Les Petits As|url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F117748%2FLilov-Eala-win-at-Les-Petits-As|access-date=November 14, 2024|website=Tennis Europe}}</ref> Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-31|title=Eala, Nugroho capture Australian Open girls' doubles title|url=https://www.espn.com/story/_/id/28604688/eala-nugroho-capture-australian-open-girls-doubles-title|access-date=2025-10-08|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levinsohn|first=Dan|date=September 10, 2022|title=Alexandra Eala becomes first Filipina to win a junior Grand Slam singles title at the 2022 US Open|url=https://www.usopen.org/enUS/news/articles/2022-09-10/alexandraealabecomesfirstfilipinatowinajuniorgrandslamsinglestitleatthe2022usopen.html|access-date=November 14, 2025|website=US Open}}</ref> Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tignor|first=Steve|date=March 26, 2025|title=Is Nadal Academy prodigy Alexandra Eala the next tennis star?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-academy-prodigy-alexandra-eala-next-tennis-star|website=Tennis.com|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref><ref>[https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice Dickson Jefford, Oli. (March 02, 2026). Alex Eala told “where she can improve” as Martina Navratilova offers advice. Tennis365.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sotelo|first=Andre|date=February 6, 2026|title=What Alex Eala still needs to win a WTA Grand Slam|url=https://sportsnewsph.com/what-alex-eala-still-needs-to-win-a-wta-grand-slam/|website=Sports News Philippines|access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref> Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024.<ref>[https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ Carandang, J. K. (May 20, 2022). Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles. GMA News.]</ref><ref>[https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ Payo, J. (September 29, 2023). Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles. Rappler.]</ref><ref>[https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.]</ref><ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.]</ref><ref>[https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.]</ref><ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.]</ref> Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis.<ref> * [https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala? Acebuche, Yoniel (March 28, 2025). "Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court". ''Philstar Life''. Retrieved January 12, 2026.] * [https://thegame-onemega.com/lifestyle/look-nike-customizes-alex-eala-kicks-to-commemorate-us-open-victory/ Caniza, Annika. (March 6, 2023). ''Nike honors Alex Eala with custom shoes for US Open win''. The Game – OneMega Lifestyle.] * [https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/ ''Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser''. (January 25, 2023). Bilyonaryo.] * [https://vogue.ph/november-2022/in-her-court-tennis-star-alex-eala-looks-to-the-future/ Sampayan, Jacs. (October 29, 2022). ''In her court: Tennis star Alex Eala looks to the future''. Vogue Philippines.] </ref> === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === m9iyujfmxt7951ysut1gslon3twotha 310193 310192 2026-09-07T10:45:00Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 310193 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles.<ref name="WTA-profile2">{{cite news|title=WTA: Alexandra Eala|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala|access-date=25 March 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APEXRANK1">[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2026/8/24/alex-eala-now-world-s-no-18-and-the-highest-ranked-southeast-asian-in-wta-singles-history-1953 De Guzman, Alyana (August 24, 2026) "Alex Eala now World’s No. 18 and the highest-ranked Southeast Asian in WTA Singles history." ABS CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2026.]</ref> Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2022|title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala|access-date=January 12, 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2018|title=Lilov & Eala win at Les Petits As|url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F117748%2FLilov-Eala-win-at-Les-Petits-As|access-date=November 14, 2024|website=Tennis Europe}}</ref> Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-31|title=Eala, Nugroho capture Australian Open girls' doubles title|url=https://www.espn.com/story/_/id/28604688/eala-nugroho-capture-australian-open-girls-doubles-title|access-date=2025-10-08|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levinsohn|first=Dan|date=September 10, 2022|title=Alexandra Eala becomes first Filipina to win a junior Grand Slam singles title at the 2022 US Open|url=https://www.usopen.org/enUS/news/articles/2022-09-10/alexandraealabecomesfirstfilipinatowinajuniorgrandslamsinglestitleatthe2022usopen.html|access-date=November 14, 2025|website=US Open}}</ref> Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tignor|first=Steve|date=March 26, 2025|title=Is Nadal Academy prodigy Alexandra Eala the next tennis star?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-academy-prodigy-alexandra-eala-next-tennis-star|website=Tennis.com|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref><ref>[https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice Dickson Jefford, Oli. (March 02, 2026). Alex Eala told “where she can improve” as Martina Navratilova offers advice. Tennis365.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sotelo|first=Andre|date=February 6, 2026|title=What Alex Eala still needs to win a WTA Grand Slam|url=https://sportsnewsph.com/what-alex-eala-still-needs-to-win-a-wta-grand-slam/|website=Sports News Philippines|access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref> Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024.<ref> * [https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ Carandang, J. K. (May 20, 2022). Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles. GMA News.] * [https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ Payo, J. (September 29, 2023). Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles. Rappler.] * [https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.] * [https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.] </ref> Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis.<ref> * [https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala? Acebuche, Yoniel (March 28, 2025). "Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court". ''Philstar Life''. Retrieved January 12, 2026.] * [https://thegame-onemega.com/lifestyle/look-nike-customizes-alex-eala-kicks-to-commemorate-us-open-victory/ Caniza, Annika. (March 6, 2023). ''Nike honors Alex Eala with custom shoes for US Open win''. The Game – OneMega Lifestyle.] * [https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/ ''Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser''. (January 25, 2023). Bilyonaryo.] * [https://vogue.ph/november-2022/in-her-court-tennis-star-alex-eala-looks-to-the-future/ Sampayan, Jacs. (October 29, 2022). ''In her court: Tennis star Alex Eala looks to the future''. Vogue Philippines.] </ref> === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === f1wmzjc7gs9jwtgeev3uegt6auql16m 310194 310193 2026-09-07T10:50:35Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 /* */ 310194 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles.<ref name="WTA-profile2">{{cite news|title=WTA: Alexandra Eala|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala|access-date=25 March 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APEXRANK1">[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2026/8/24/alex-eala-now-world-s-no-18-and-the-highest-ranked-southeast-asian-in-wta-singles-history-1953 De Guzman, Alyana (August 24, 2026) "Alex Eala now World’s No. 18 and the highest-ranked Southeast Asian in WTA Singles history." ABS CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2026.]</ref> Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2022|title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala|access-date=January 12, 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2018|title=Lilov & Eala win at Les Petits As|url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F117748%2FLilov-Eala-win-at-Les-Petits-As|access-date=November 14, 2024|website=Tennis Europe}}</ref> Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-31|title=Eala, Nugroho capture Australian Open girls' doubles title|url=https://www.espn.com/story/_/id/28604688/eala-nugroho-capture-australian-open-girls-doubles-title|access-date=2025-10-08|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levinsohn|first=Dan|date=September 10, 2022|title=Alexandra Eala becomes first Filipina to win a junior Grand Slam singles title at the 2022 US Open|url=https://www.usopen.org/enUS/news/articles/2022-09-10/alexandraealabecomesfirstfilipinatowinajuniorgrandslamsinglestitleatthe2022usopen.html|access-date=November 14, 2025|website=US Open}}</ref> Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts.<ref> * {{Cite web|last=Tignor|first=Steve|date=March 26, 2025|title=Is Nadal Academy prodigy Alexandra Eala the next tennis star?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-academy-prodigy-alexandra-eala-next-tennis-star|website=Tennis.com|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}} * [https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice Dickson Jefford, Oli. (March 02, 2026). Alex Eala told “where she can improve” as Martina Navratilova offers advice. Tennis365.] * {{Cite web|last=Sotelo|first=Andre|date=February 6, 2026|title=What Alex Eala still needs to win a WTA Grand Slam|url=https://sportsnewsph.com/what-alex-eala-still-needs-to-win-a-wta-grand-slam/|website=Sports News Philippines|access-date=February 6, 2026}} </ref>I Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024.<ref> * [https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ Carandang, J. K. (May 20, 2022). Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles. GMA News.] * [https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ Payo, J. (September 29, 2023). Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles. Rappler.] * [https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.] * [https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.] </ref> Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis.<ref> * [https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala? Acebuche, Yoniel (March 28, 2025). "Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court". ''Philstar Life''. Retrieved January 12, 2026.] * [https://thegame-onemega.com/lifestyle/look-nike-customizes-alex-eala-kicks-to-commemorate-us-open-victory/ Caniza, Annika. (March 6, 2023). ''Nike honors Alex Eala with custom shoes for US Open win''. The Game – OneMega Lifestyle.] * [https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/ ''Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser''. (January 25, 2023). Bilyonaryo.] * [https://vogue.ph/november-2022/in-her-court-tennis-star-alex-eala-looks-to-the-future/ Sampayan, Jacs. (October 29, 2022). ''In her court: Tennis star Alex Eala looks to the future''. Vogue Philippines.] </ref> === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === iqfdbqivb3thb1x4k13cgnmz1y6x88c 310195 310194 2026-09-07T10:51:22Z ~2026-47620-00 32778 310195 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Alex Eala |- | Kompletong Pangaran || Alexandra Maniego Eala |- | Palayaw || Alex |- | Nasyon || Pilipinas |- | Namundag || Mayo 23, 2005 (edad 21), Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas |- | Ka-taasan || 1.75 m |- | Nagin Propesyonal || Marso 4, 2020 |- | Estilo nin Paglalaro || Kaliwete (duwang-kamay na backhand) |- | Premyo sa Karera || US$3,045,990 |- | Rekord sa Singles || 232–137 |- | Mga Titulo sa Singles || 1 WTA, 2 WTA 125, 5 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Singles || No. 18 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Rekord sa Doubles || 49–50 |- | Mga Titulo sa Doubles || 3 ITF |- | Pinakataas na Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 88 (Mayo 4, 2026) |- | Kasalukuyang Ranggo sa Doubles || No. 124 (Agosto 24, 2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Singles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R1 (2026); Wimbledon: R4 (2026); US Open: R3 (2026) |- | Mga Resulta sa Grand Slam (Doubles) || Australian Open: R1 (2026); French Open: R2 (2025); Wimbledon: R1 (2025, 2026) |- | Huring Na-update || Agosto 24, 2026 |} '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (namundag Mayo 23, 2005) sarong manlalaro nin tenis gikan sa Pilipinas. Naabot niya an pinakataas na ranggo sa kinaban na No. 18 kan Agosto 2026, an pinakataas na ranggo para sa sarong babayi gikan sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa WTA singles. Nagdaog siya sa WTA 500 Washington DC (2026), WTA 125 Birmingham (2026), asin WTA 125 Guadalajara (2025), asin nagin runner-up sa WTA 250 Eastbourne (2025). Sa juniors, nagdaog siya sa 2022 US Open girls’ singles asin duwang junior Grand Slam doubles titles.<ref name="WTA-profile2">{{cite news|title=WTA: Alexandra Eala|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala|access-date=25 March 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APEXRANK1">[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2026/8/24/alex-eala-now-world-s-no-18-and-the-highest-ranked-southeast-asian-in-wta-singles-history-1953 De Guzman, Alyana (August 24, 2026) "Alex Eala now World’s No. 18 and the highest-ranked Southeast Asian in WTA Singles history." ABS CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2026.]</ref> Namundag si Eala sa Syudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas. An saiyang ina na si Rizza dating pambansang manlalangoy asin nagin CFO nin Globe Telecom, habang an saiyang tugang na si Miko naglalaro nin kolehiyo tenis sa Penn State. Siya ipinakilala sa tenis kan saiyang lolo asin nag-ensayo sa Rafa Nadal Academy sa Espanya, kun sain siya nagtapos kan 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2022|title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala|access-date=January 12, 2026|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> Nagdaog siya sa Les Petits As kan 2018 asin sa Orange Bowl doubles kan 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2018|title=Lilov & Eala win at Les Petits As|url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F117748%2FLilov-Eala-win-at-Les-Petits-As|access-date=November 14, 2024|website=Tennis Europe}}</ref> Kan 2020, nagdaog siya sa Australian Open girls’ doubles title kaiba si Priska Nugroho, asin kan 2021 nagdaog sa French Open girls’ doubles kaiba si Oksana Selekhmeteva.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-31|title=Eala, Nugroho capture Australian Open girls' doubles title|url=https://www.espn.com/story/_/id/28604688/eala-nugroho-capture-australian-open-girls-doubles-title|access-date=2025-10-08|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2022, siya an enot na Pilipino na nagdaog nin junior Grand Slam singles title sa US Open.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levinsohn|first=Dan|date=September 10, 2022|title=Alexandra Eala becomes first Filipina to win a junior Grand Slam singles title at the 2022 US Open|url=https://www.usopen.org/enUS/news/articles/2022-09-10/alexandraealabecomesfirstfilipinatowinajuniorgrandslamsinglestitleatthe2022usopen.html|access-date=November 14, 2025|website=US Open}}</ref> Nagin propesyonal si Eala kan 2020, nag-umpisa sa mga ITF tournaments kun sain nakaabot siya sa round of 16 sa Monastir asin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Kan 2021, nagdaog siya nin ITF titles sa Manacor asin Chiang Rai, asin nakaabot sa quarterfinals sa Grenoble asin Cluj-Napoca. Kan 2022, nagdaog siya sa Chiang Rai W25, nakaabot sa final sa Madrid W60, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz, El Espinar-Segovia, asin Poitiers. Kan 2023, nagdaog siya nin Yecla asin Roehampton ITF titles, nakaabot sa finals sa Aldershot asin Petange, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Vitoria-Gasteiz asin Nantes. Kan 2024, nagdaog siya nin W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nakaabot sa semifinals sa Indore asin Dubai, asin nagin parte nin iba’t ibang quarterfinals.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> An saiyang dakulang tagumpay nag-abot kan 2025 sa Miami Open, kun sain nakaabot siya sa semifinals matapos talunin sinda Jelena Ostapenko, Madison Keys, asin Iga Swiatek. Siya nagin runner-up sa Eastbourne, nagdaog nin Guadalajara 125 title, asin nakaabot sa semifinals sa Jingshan. Kan 2026, nakaabot siya sa semifinals sa Auckland, Berlin, asin Dubai, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Indian Wells asin Miami, nagdaog nin Birmingham WTA 125, nakaabot sa ika-apat na round sa Wimbledon matapos talunin an defending champion na si Swiatek, asin nagdaog nin Washington Open (WTA 500). An mga resulta na ini nag-angat saiya sa ranggong No. 18 sa kinaban.<ref name="WTA-profile2" /> Si Eala kilala bilang sarong agresibong baseliner na may kusog na forehand asin maaasahan na backhand. An saiyang serve mas marahay kumpara sa iba, pero gamit an spin asin variation. Kilala siya sa saiyang footwork asin tibay, na may pinakamagayon na resulta sa hard courts.<ref> * {{Cite web|last=Tignor|first=Steve|date=March 26, 2025|title=Is Nadal Academy prodigy Alexandra Eala the next tennis star?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-academy-prodigy-alexandra-eala-next-tennis-star|website=Tennis.com|language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}} * [https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice Dickson Jefford, Oli. (March 02, 2026). Alex Eala told “where she can improve” as Martina Navratilova offers advice. Tennis365.] * {{Cite web|last=Sotelo|first=Andre|date=February 6, 2026|title=What Alex Eala still needs to win a WTA Grand Slam|url=https://sportsnewsph.com/what-alex-eala-still-needs-to-win-a-wta-grand-slam/|website=Sports News Philippines|access-date=February 6, 2026}} </ref> Kinatawan niya an Pilipinas sa SEA Games, kun sain nagdaog siya nin ginto sa singles kan 2025 asin bronse sa mga naunang edisyon, asin sa Asian Games kan 2022. Pinangunahan man niya an pambansang koponan sa pag-angat sa Billie Jean King Cup kan 2024.<ref> * [https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ Carandang, J. K. (May 20, 2022). Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles. GMA News.] * [https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ Payo, J. (September 29, 2023). Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles. Rappler.] * [https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain Morales, L. (December 2, 2024). Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain. One Sports.] * [https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2025/6/10/team-philippines-eyes-promotion-in-billie-jean-king-cup-1631 ABS-CBN News. (June 10, 2025). Team Philippines eyes promotion in Billie Jean King Cup. ABS-CBN News.] </ref> Nakipag-partner si Eala sa Nike, BPI, Babolat, Milo, Panasonic, asin Marriott Bonvoy. Siya itinampok sa Vogue Philippines asin Tatler Asia. An saiyang karera pinamamahalaan nin IMG Tennis.<ref> * [https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala? Acebuche, Yoniel (March 28, 2025). "Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court". ''Philstar Life''. Retrieved January 12, 2026.] * [https://thegame-onemega.com/lifestyle/look-nike-customizes-alex-eala-kicks-to-commemorate-us-open-victory/ Caniza, Annika. (March 6, 2023). ''Nike honors Alex Eala with custom shoes for US Open win''. The Game – OneMega Lifestyle.] * [https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/ ''Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser''. (January 25, 2023). Bilyonaryo.] * [https://vogue.ph/november-2022/in-her-court-tennis-star-alex-eala-looks-to-the-future/ Sampayan, Jacs. (October 29, 2022). ''In her court: Tennis star Alex Eala looks to the future''. Vogue Philippines.] </ref> === Mga Panluwas na Link === [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Opisyal na WTA Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Opisyal na ITF Page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Tennis Abstract page ni Alex Eala] [https://www.instagram.com/alex.eala/ Instagram ni Alex Eala] [[:tl:Alexandra_Eala|Wikipedia:Alexandra Eala (Tagalog)]] === Mga Sanggunian === smzq7inov0i2ad52qvtklxu3dpn5j5i 0 56477 310169 306972 2026-09-06T14:54:19Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Sentro nin konbensyon sa Qianzhen, Kaohsiung, Taywan}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Hunyo 2026}} {{Infobox venue | name = Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung<br>{{nobold|高雄展覽館}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | logo_image = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | image = 高雄展覽館.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|22|36|28.3|N|120|17|57.5|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=title,inline}} | location = [[Distrito nin Cianjhen|Cianjhen]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]] | architect = [[Philip Cox]] | opened = Abril 14, 2014 | public_transit = [[Estasyon nin metro kan Distritong Bakalan kan Sanduo|Estasyon nin Distrito nin Bakalan kan Sanduo]] | website = {{Official website|https://www.kecc.com.tw/en-us/}} }} [[File:Taiwan Int'l Boat Show at Kaohsiung Exhibition Center 20140510.jpg|thumb|An Panlaog kan Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung]] An '''Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung''' o '''Kaohsiung Exhibition Center''' ('''KEC'''; {{zh|t=高雄展覽館|p=Gāoxióng Zhǎnlǎn Guǎn}}) sarong [[sentro nin konbensyon]] na namumugtak sa [[Distrito nin Cianjhen]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]]. Namomogtak sa gilid kan duongan, ini parte kan [[Asia New Bay Area]] na inisyatiba sa pag-uswag liwat na may katuyuhan na ibalyo an dating duongan industriyal kan siyudad na magin sarong komersyal asin kultural na distrito.<ref name="taipeitimes">{{cite news |title=Kaohsiung expo center set to open in April next year |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2013/08/20/2003570094 |work=Taipei Times}}</ref> Binuksan kan 2014, an sentro nagseserbing mayor na lugar para sa mga eksibisyon, trade show, asin mga konbensyon sa habagatan na Taywan, na nagsusuporta sa pag-uswag kan syudad bilang sarong rehiyonal na sentro para sa negosyo asin turismo.<ref name="taipeitimes" /> ==Kasaysayan== An pagplano para sa Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung nagpoon kan 2006 bilang parte kan nasyonal na mga paghihingoa na ipalakop an industriya nin eksibisyon asin konbensyon kan Taiwan. An proyekto pig-implementar kan [[Ministri nin Pang-ekonomiyang Gibuhon (Taywan)|Ministri nin Pang-ekonomiyang Gibuhon]], na may puhunan na mga NT$3 bilyon.<ref>{{cite web |title=Premier: Kaohsiung Exhibition Center to bolster economic growth |url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=1C6028CA080A27B3&s=5400A725451354FF |website=Executive Yuan}}</ref> An sentro dinisenyo kan arkitektong Australyano na si [[Philip Cox]] kasunod kan sarong internasyonal na proseso nin pagdisenyo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cox wins Taiwanese project |url=http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/industry-news/cox-wins-taiwanese-project |website=Architecture & Design |date=27 August 2010}}</ref> Pakalihis nin pirang taon nin pagplano asin pagtogdok, an sentro opisyal na binuksan kan 14 Abril 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaohsiung Exhibition Center |url=http://www.kecc.com.tw/en/ |website=Kaohsiung Exhibition Center}}</ref> ==Arkitektura== An Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung dinisenyo bilang sarong dakulang pasilidad nin konbensyon sa gilid kan dagat na nag-iintegrar nin espasyo nin eksibisyon na may pampublikong akses sa duongan.<ref name="cox">{{cite web |title=Kaohsiung Exhibition and Convention Center |url=https://coxarchitecture.com.au/project/kaohsiung-exhibition-centre/ |website=Cox Architecture |access-date=6 June 2026 |archive-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313011113/https://www.coxarchitecture.com.au/project/kaohsiung-exhibition-centre/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> An edipisyo nabibisto sa paagi nin sarong mahiwas, kurbadong salming na atubangan na nakaatubang sa duongan, na nagpapahiling kan mga impluwensya sa dagat asin kan lugar sa baybayon.<ref name="cox" /> An estruktura nagtatao nin mga {{cvt|66591|m2}} nin espasyo sa eksibisyon, kaiba an mga hall na mayong harigi na dinisenyo tanganing mag-akomodar nin darakulang palabas asin mga pangyayari.<ref name="taipeitimes" /> Sa arkitektura, an sentro nagduduon nin transparensya asin pagkabukas, na may mahiwas na salming asin mga espasyo sa laog na sirkulasyon na nagtutugot sa natural na liwanag na makalaog sa laog kan edipisyo mantang pinapadanay an mga biswal na koneksyon sa nakapalibot na baybayon.<ref name="cox" /> An pag-analisar kan mga iskolar nagtampok kan edipisyo bilang sarong halimbawa kan kontemporanyong arkitektura nin eksibisyon sa gilid kan dagat sa Sirangan na Asya, na nagpapahiling kun pano an darakulang lugar sibiko orog na dinisenyo tanganing isabay an pampublikong pag-akses, pagbabagong-buhay kan syudad, asin pagkakakilanlan sa kadagatan sa laog nin sarong porma nin arkitektura.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Huang |first=Y.-C. |title=Waterfront regeneration and exhibition architecture in Taiwan: the case of Kaohsiung Exhibition Center |journal=Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |year=2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=245–252}}</ref> ===Iskultura nin amamalew=== Sarong dakulang eskultura nin amamalew o balyena na may titulong ''Maliwanag na Ngapit'' (Intsik: 躍身未來), na ginibo kan 2017 kan artista na si Xu Tsung-chieh (許宗傑), nakabugtak sa mayor na entrada kan Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung.<ref name="khcc">{{cite web |title=Bright Future |url=https://english.khcc.gov.tw/home02.aspx?AP=%244000_HISTORY-0&DATA=3430&EXEC=D&ID=%244000&IDK=2 |website=Kaohsiung City Government |access-date=6 June 2026 |archive-date=7 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607021647/https://english.khcc.gov.tw/home02.aspx?ID=$4000&IDK=2&EXEC=D&DATA=3430&AP=$4000_HISTORY-0 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> An mga 12-metros an langkaw na eskultura gibo sa mga metal na panel asin naglaladawan nin sarong balyena na nag-iitaas paitaas hale sa daga.<ref name="khcc" /> An dinamikong porma kaini nag-aalingawngaw kan kurbado, garo alon na arkitektura kan sentro nin eksibisyon asin nagpapakusog kan identidad sa kadagatan kan Kaohsiung bilang sarong duongan.<ref name="khcc" /> An obra nagsisimbolo kan pagbabago kan syudad asin pag-uswag na may paghiling sa maabot na panahon, na an paitaas na paghiro kan amamalew nagrerepresentar nin pag-uswag asin pagbabago sa konteksto kan paghirahay kan Asia New Bay Area.<ref name="khcc" /> ==Organisasyon== An Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung pinapadalagan kan Korporasyon kan Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung, na iyo an namamayo kan aroaldaw na operasyon asin programa kan mga pangyayari kan pasilidad.<ref name="taipeitimes" /> An sentro igwa nin papel sa industriya kan MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, asin Exhibitions) kan Taiwan, na nagkokontribwir sa rehiyonal na pag-uswag kan ekonomiya asin mga aktibidad sa internasyonal na komersyo.<ref name="taipeitimes" /> ==Pag-ako asin buot ipasabot== An Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung pighihiling bilang sarong panginot na sangkap kan paghirahay kan Asia New Bay Area, na nagsusuporta sa pagbalyo kan Kaohsiung gikan sa sarong industriyal na duongan pasiring sa sarong ekonomiya na nakasentro sa serbisyo asin turismo.<ref name="taipeitimes" /> An disenyo kaini sa gilid kan dagat asin an darakulang pasilidad sa eksibisyon napag-araman na mahalaga sa pagposisyon kan habagatan na Taywan bilang sarong kompetisyon na destinasyon para sa mga internasyonal na kombension asin mga pangyayari sa komersyo.<ref name="cox" /> Sa mas mahiwas na paagi, an sentro sinitar sa literatura sa arkitektura asin pag-aadal sa syudad bilang parte kan mas mahiwas na uso sa mga syudad na pantalan sa Sirangan na Asya, kun saen an palatandaan na imprastraktura sa kultura asin eksibisyon ginagamit sa pag-rebrand kan mga dating industriyal na gilid kan dagat asin pagpukaw nin pagkakaiba-iba kan ekonomiya.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Huang |first=Y.-C. |title=Waterfront regeneration and exhibition architecture in Taiwan: the case of Kaohsiung Exhibition Center |journal=Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |year=2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=245–252}}</ref> ==Kaladawanan== <gallery> File:Kaohsiung_Taiwan_Kaohsiung-Exhibition-Center-03.jpg|Pananaw gikan sa itaas File:Kaohsiung_Taiwan_Kaohsiung-Exhibition-Center-02.jpg|Kaiba an [[85 Torre nin Langitnon]] File:Kaohsiung_Exhibition_Center_20161029_night.jpg|At night File:TIBS_Kaohsiung_Exhibition_Center_Indoor_Ticket_Windows_20140508.jpg|Lugar nin tiket sa laog File:Constructing_Kaohsiung_Exhibition_and_Convention_Center.JPG|Ipigsasagibo File:Kaohsiung_Exhibition_Center_East_Side_Front_20140508.jpg|Subangan na hampang </gallery> ==Transportasyon== Harani sana an sentro sa habagatan-sulnopan kan [[Istasyon nin metro kan Distritong Bakalan kan Sanduo]] lunad nin [[Kaohsiung MRT]].<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Get Here |url=http://www.kecc.com.tw/en/aboutGetHere.asp |website=Kaohsiung Exhibition Center}}</ref> Madudumanan man ini hali sa kataid na [[Istasyon nin magian na riles kan Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung]] lunad nin [[Magian na Riles kan Kaohsiung]]. ==Hilingon man == * [[Sentro nin Pankinaban na Kumbensyon kan Kaohsiung]] * [[Lista kan mga sentro nin kombensyon sa Taywan]] * [[Lista nin mga atraksyon na panturista sa Taywan]] ==Mga toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons category|Kaohsiung Exhibition Center}} * {{Official website|https://www.kecc.com.tw/en-us/}} [[Kategorya:2014 na mga establisimiento sa Taywan]] [[Kategorya:Mga sentro nin kombensyon sa Kaohsiung]] [[Kategorya:Mga lugar nin pangyayari na pigmukna kan 2014]] [[Kategorya:Mga edipisyong Philip Cox]] [[Kategorya:Asya New Bay Area]] 70cwp3f8b3raj7rgg082gqtwkh8vjqc 0 56738 310174 310078 2026-09-06T16:23:22Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 310174 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Tom Gabbay''' (namundag Abril 1, 1953) sarong taga Estados Unidos na nobelista asin [[screenwriter]], midbid na gayo kan saiyang seryeng Jack Teller na mga historical spy thrillers.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tom Gabbay |url=http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/29222/Tom_Gabbay/index.aspx |title=Tom Gabbay from HarperCollins Publishers |publisher=HarperCollins |date=2010-03-24 |accessdate=2013-12-14 |archive-date=2013-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609042425/http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/29222/Tom_Gabbay/index.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Si Gabbay namundag sa [[Bloomington, Indiana]]. Kaamayi sa saiyang karera, siya nagparaambag nin mga politikal na mga karton sa ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'', nagpryusir mga pelikula para sa mga pan-aking seryeng programa sa telebisyon na ''[[Sesame Street]]'', asin program executive kan [[NBC]] Television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdof.com/author_details.php?author=5291|title=The Internet Book Database of Fiction • Detailed view for the Author: Tom Gabbay|website=www.ibdof.com|access-date=2026-08-28|archive-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210000733/http://ibdof.com/author_details.php?author=5291|dead-url=yes}}</ref> He has also written a number of screenplays and was creator and Executive Producer of the 1990s television series ''[[The Wanderer (1994 TV series)|The Wanderer]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108987/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |title=The Wanderer (TV Series 1994– ) |publisher=IMDb |accessdate=2013-12-14}}</ref> == Mga libro == * ''Access Point: A Psychological Thriller'' (2020) {{ISBN|9780061188602}} * ''The Tehran Conviction'' (2009) {{ISBN|9780061188602}}, {{OCLC|607535384}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-118845-9#path/978-0-06-118845-9 |title=Fiction Book Review: The Tehran Conviction by Tom Gabbay, Author . Morrow $24.99 (282p) ISBN 978-0-06-118845-9 |publisher=Publishersweekly.com |date=2009-03-16 |accessdate=2019-08-05}}</ref> * ''The Lisbon Crossing'' (2008) {{ISBN|9780061188442}}, {{OCLC|156818171}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.rockymountainnews.com/news/2007/mar/16/picks-of-the-week-march-16/ |title=Picks of the week, March 16 : TheRocky.com: Denver News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215131437/http://m.rockymountainnews.com/news/2007/mar/16/picks-of-the-week-march-16/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> * ''The Berlin Conspiracy'' (2006) {{ISBN|9780727866295}}, {{OCLC|488650182}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-078785-1#path/978-0-06-078785-1 |title=Fiction Book Review: The Berlin Conspiracy by Tom Gabbay, Author . Morrow $24.95 (294p) ISBN 978-0-06-078785-1 |publisher=Publishersweekly.com |date=2005-11-07 |accessdate=2019-08-05}}</ref> == Screen == * ''The Princess Stallion'' (1997) - screenwriter * ''[[The Wanderer (1994 TV series)|The Wanderer]]'' (1994) - creator and executive producer == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} {{Tamboan}} == Mga panluwas na takod == *{{official website|http://www.tomgabbay.com/}} *{{IMDb name|0299981}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gabbay, Tom}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1953na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga parasurat haleng Indiana]] [[en:Tom Gabbay]] 0zij1x9kdr3sv4w06qjnb13mbblw9o2 0 56759 310177 2026-09-06T18:13:13Z Amherst99 1242 Amherst99 pinagbalyo an pahina [[Coca-cola Zero Sugar]] pasiring sa [[Coca-Cola Zero Sugar]] 310177 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Coca-Cola Zero Sugar]] b511ry5evcfjrcfs2673ec1dzinxrv4 0 56760 310178 2026-09-07T02:12:13Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Infobox officeholder | name = Igor Morgulov | native_name = {{nobold|Игорь Моргулов}} | birth_name = Igor Vladimirovich Morgulov | nickname = | image = File:И.В.Моргулов (cropped).jpg | office1 = [[Russian Ambassador to China]] | president1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | prime_minister1 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | term_start1 = {{dts|2022|09|13}} | term_end1 = | predecessor1..." 310178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Igor Morgulov | native_name = {{nobold|Игорь Моргулов}} | birth_name = Igor Vladimirovich Morgulov | nickname = | image = File:И.В.Моргулов (cropped).jpg | office1 = [[Russian Ambassador to China]] | president1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | prime_minister1 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | term_start1 = {{dts|2022|09|13}} | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Andrei Denisov]] | successor1 = | office2 = Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia | president2 = | prime_minister2 = | term_start2 = {{dts|2011|12|22}} | term_end2 = {{dts|2022|09|13}} | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|05|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Alma-Ata]], [[Kazakh SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]<br><small>(now Almaty, [[Kazakhstan]])</small><ref name=":TASS">{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/encyclopedia/person/morgulov-igor-vladimirovich|title=Моргулов, Игорь Владимирович|newspaper=TASS Encyclopedia|language=ru|access-date= November 8, 2022}}</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | alma_mater = [[Moscow State University]] | party = | other_party = | spouse = | children = | occupation = Diplomat | profession = | cabinet = | caption = Morgulovkain 2016 | native_name_lang = ru }} Si '''Igor Vladimirovich Morgulov''' ({{langx|ru|Игорь Владимирович Моргулов}}; namundag Mayo 4, 1961) sarong Rusong diplomata, na nanombrahan [[Rusong embahador sa (Tsina)]] kan Septyembre 2022. ==Karera diplomatiko== Kan 1983, siya naggradwar sa [[Institute of Asian and African Countries]] sa [[Moscow State University]]. Poon 1984, siya nagtrabaho sa [[Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations (Soviet Union)|Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR]], kaiba an representasyon sa pagnegosyo sa [[Soviet Union]] sa Tsina.<ref name=":TASS"/> Poon 1989 abot 1991, siya nagtrabaho komo assistant-translator asin senior assistant sa sektor Tsino kan International Department of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU]]. Kan matunaw an Unyon Sobyet kan 1991, siya natoka sa [[Foreign Ministry of Russia]] asin nagkapot nin manlaen-laen na pwesto diplomatiko sa opisina sentral kan ministriya, asin mga misyon diplomatiko sa Tsina, Hapon saka sa Estados Unidos. Poon 2005 sundo 2006, siya nagsirbe komo chief advisor sa First Department of Asia of the Russian Foreign Ministry, na igdi nagdadarang responsibilidad sa pakikirelasyon sa Tsina, [[North Korea]], South Korea asin [[Mongolia]]. Kan 2006, siya nanombrahan na Minister Counselor sa Embahada nin Rusya sa Tsina. Poon 2009 abot 2011, siya direktor kan First Asian Department of the Foreign Ministry of Russia.<ref name=":TASS"/> ==Buhay personal== Siya may agom, may duwang aki, asin mahusay sa pagtaram nin Ingles asin Intsik.<ref name=":TASS"/> ==Mga gawad asin onra== *[[File:Orden_for_Service_IV.png|60px]] [[Order of Merit to the Fatherland]], 4th class (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20221020/morgulov-1825293186.html|title=Новый посол в Пекине Моргулов приступил к работе|language=ru|date=2022-10-20|newspaper=RIA Novosti|access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref> *[[File:Order_of_Alexander_Nevsky_2010_ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Order of Alexander Nevsky]] (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202002140003?index=10&rangeSize=1|title=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 10.02.2020 № 102 "О награждении государственными наградами Российской Федерации"|date=2020-02-10|language=ru|newspaper=pravo.gov.ru|access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref> *[[File:Orden_of_Honour.png|60px]] [[Order of Honour (Russia)|Order of Honour]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/37483/page/2|title=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25 июля 2013 года № 639 «О награждении государственными наградами Российской|date=2015-07-25|newspaper=President of Russia|language=ru|access-date=November 8, 2022}}</ref> *[[File:Orden_of_Friendship.png|60px]] [[Order of Friendship]] (2015)<ref name=":TASS"/> *[[File:Medal_for_Service_II.png|60px]] [[Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]], 2nd class (2007)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/25276|title=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 09.04.2007 г. № 455|date=2007-04-09|newspaper=President of Russia|language=ru|access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref> *[[File:Decoration_without_ribbon_-_en.svg|60px]] [[Russian Federation Presidential Certificate of Honour]] (2011)<ref name=":TASS"/> *[[File:Decoration_without_ribbon_-_en.svg|60px]] Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (2011, 2021)<ref name=":TASS"/> *[[File:Decoration_without_ribbon_-_en.svg|60px]] Gratitude of the Government of the Russian Federation (2009)<ref name=":TASS"/> *[[File:Decoration_without_ribbon_-_en.svg|60px]] [[Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow]], 3rd class (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5833736.html|title=Патриаршая награда вручена заместителю министра иностранных дел РФ И.В. Моргулову|date=2021-08-02|newspaper=patriarchia.ru|access-date=November 8, 2022}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mogulov, Igor Vladimirovich}} [[Kategorya:1961 births]] [[Kategorya:Living people]] [[Kategorya:People from Almaty]] [[Kategorya:Moscow State University alumni]] [[Kategorya:Soviet diplomats]] [[Kategorya:Deputy foreign ministers of Russia]] [[Kategorya:Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (Russian Federation)]] [[Kategorya:Ambassadors of Russia to China]] [[Kategorya:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class]] [[Kategorya:Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)]] [[Kategorya:Recipients of the Order of Alexander Nevsky]] [[Kategorya:Recipients of the Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class]] [[Kategorya:Recipients of the Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow]] [[en:Igor Morgulov]] fxwz2p6s14lg4j2sh8ie8q14cj1n5uj 0 56761 310180 2026-09-07T06:07:29Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Infobox officeholder | name = María Jesús Bonilla | birth_name = María Jesús Bonilla Domínguez | image = (María Jesús Bonilla Domínguez) Constitución comisión modelo policial2.jpg | caption = Bonilla in 2018 | office = Member of the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] | term_start = 23 July 2023 | term_end = | constituency = [[Cuenca (Senate constituency)|Cuenca]] | term_start1 = 12 March 2000 | term_end1 = 17..." 310180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = María Jesús Bonilla | birth_name = María Jesús Bonilla Domínguez | image = (María Jesús Bonilla Domínguez) Constitución comisión modelo policial2.jpg | caption = Bonilla in 2018 | office = Member of the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] | term_start = 23 July 2023 | term_end = | constituency = [[Cuenca (Senate constituency)|Cuenca]] | term_start1 = 12 March 2000 | term_end1 = 17 June 2003 | constituency1 = [[Cuenca (Senate constituency)|Cuenca]] | office2 = Member of the [[Congress of Deputies]] | term_start2 = 22 July 2019 | term_end2 = 24 September 2019 | constituency2 = [[Cuenca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cuenca]] | predecessor2 = [[Rafael Catalá]] | term_start3 = 1 April 2008 | term_end3 = 21 May 2019 | constituency3 = [[Cuenca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cuenca]] | party = [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] | other_party = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|28 July 1964|df=yes}} | birth_place = | alma_mater = }} Si '''María Jesús Bonilla Domínguez''' (namundag 28 Hulyo 1964) sarong Espanyol na politiko. Siya sarong nagin myembro kan [[Senado nin Espanya]] poon pa kan 2023, ta siya nagsirbe dati poon 2000 abot 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/senadores/composicionsenado/fichasenador/index.html?legis=15&id1=12676|title=Bonilla Domínguez, María Jesús|publisher=[[Senate of Spain]]|language=es}}</ref> Siya myembro kan[[Congress of Deputies]] poon 2008 sundo' 2019 asin poon Hulyo abot Septyembre 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/busqueda-de-diputados?p_p_id=diputadomodule&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_diputadomodule_mostrarFicha=true&codParlamentario=351&idLegislatura=XIII|title=Bonilla Domínguez, María Jesús|publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]]|language=es}}</ref> Sa kan 2011 abot 2015, siya ngsirbe bilang alkalde kan [[Tarancón]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lasnoticiasdecuenca.es/tarancon/los-alcaldes-de-tarancon-ya-tienen-su-espacio-en-el-ayuntamiento-30115|title=Los alcaldes de Tarancón ya tienen su espacio en el Ayuntamiento|work=Las Noticias de Cuenca|date=9 September 2017|language=es}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bonilla, Maria Jesus}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People's Party (Spain) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the 9th Congress of Deputies (Spain)]] [[Category:Members of the 10th Congress of Deputies (Spain)]] [[Category:Members of the 11th Congress of Deputies (Spain)]] [[Category:Members of the 12th Congress of Deputies (Spain)]] [[Category:Members of the 13th Congress of Deputies (Spain)]] [[Category:Women members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)]] [[Category:Members of the 8th Senate of Spain]] [[Category:Members of the 15th Senate of Spain]] [[Category:Women members of the Senate of Spain]] [[Category:Mayors of places in Castilla–La Mancha]] [[Category:Women mayors of places in Spain]] [[Category:20th-century Spanish women politicians]] [[Category:21st-century mayors of places in Spain]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish women politicians]] {{CastillaLaMancha-politician-stub}} ehg0s1lfhmuo3ia5pi6vz2pxsm0lt4s 0 56762 310181 2026-09-07T09:09:38Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Infobox person | name = Kai Zen | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2012|02|06|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|Actress}} | years_active = 2019–present | agent = | spouse = | website = | othername =..." 310181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kai Zen | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2012|02|06|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|Actress}} | years_active = 2019–present | agent = | spouse = | website = | othername = }} Si '''Kai Zen''' (namundag Pebrero 6, 2012<ref>{{cite web |author=Shrestha |first=Pranish |date=May 3, 2023 |title=Kai Zen Age Wiki Parents And Siblings Debunked |url=https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520191114/https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=Model Fact}}</ref>) sarong Amerikanang aktres na midbid sa saiyang pagpapel bilang si June sa 2020 [[Netflix]] na pelikulang ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'', Pepper sa ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', asin [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''. ==Karera== Kan 2017 siya sarong promotor na nagtutulod kan mga badoon na mga pan-aki nasin mga produktong pang-konsumidor.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=hmjapan |number=1023176268609662976 |title=新作キッズ}}</ref> Kan 2018 siya nagluwas sa komersyal para sa [[Xfinity]].<ref>{{cite instagram |user=kai_zen_ |postid=Bq1AMTshs8N |title=#selfie suitcases |date=December 1, 2018 }}</ref> Nagbungsod siya kan karera niya sa screen paagi kan ''[[American Housewife]]'' na programa. Siya dangan nagbida sa [[Netflix]] na pelikulang tituladong ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Sofia Carson To Topline Netflix Family Dance Film 'Feel The Beat' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726163228/https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |archive-date=July 26, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2022 siya nagbali sa voice cast kan ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', sarong telebisyon na seryeng brodkast sa [[Disney Junior]], kun saen siya an nagboboses na si Pepper.<ref>{{cite web |author=Petski |first=Denise |date=May 26, 2022 |title='Eureka!': Loretta Devine, Sheila E. & Misty Copeland Among Cast For Disney Jr. Animated Series; Trailer Released |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202802/https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |access-date=May 26, 2022 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2023, siya nagbida bilang si [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] na pelikulang ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''.<ref name="ZenPhyla">{{Cite AV media |url=https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |title=Who Is Phyla-Vell? The MCU Debuts Another Captain Marvel|date=May 3, 2023 |author=Pierre Chanliau |access-date=May 4, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504230553/https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |via=The Direct}}</ref> ==Filmograpiya== {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}} |Denotes works that have not yet been released |} ===Mga pelikul=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | 2019 | ''[[The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part]]'' | Loop group | Voice |- | 2020 | ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'' | June | |- | 2022 | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' | Kid in classroom | Voice |- | 2023 | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]'' | [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2025 | ''[[Fractured (2025 film)|Fractured]]'' | Maya | |- | ''[[In Your Dreams (film)|In Your Dreams]]'' | Eight-Year-Old Stevie | Voice |} ===Telebisyon=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | rowspan="3"|2020 | ''[[American Housewife]]'' | Supporting role | Season 4, episode 13 |- | ''[[The Rocketeer (TV series)|The Rocketeer]]'' | River | Voice, 4 episodes |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' | Young [[Anne Boonchuy]] | Voice, episode: "Lost in Newtopia" |- | 2021 | ''[[South Park]]'' | Looper | Voice, episode: "[[South Park: Post Covid]]" |- | 2022 | ''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' | Girl | Voice, episode: "An Egg-Cellent Adventure" |- | rowspan="2"| 2022–2023 | ''[[Kung Fu Panda: The Dragon Knight]]'' | Young Sir Luthera | Voice, 3 episodes |- | ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'' | Pepper | Voice, main role |- | 2024 | ''[[Creature Commandos (TV series)|Creature Commandos]]'' | Little Girl 2 | Voice, episode: "Chasing Squirrels" |- | 2025 | ''[[Firebuds]]'' | Kaliani | Voice, recurring role |- | 2025–present | ''[[Ariel (TV series)|Ariel]]'' | Akiko | Voice, main role (Season 2) |} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * {{IMDb name |name=Kai Zen}} * {{instagram|kai_zen_}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zen, Kai}} [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2012 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng sioglong mga Amerikanang mga aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga aktres haleng Los Angeles]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa telebisyon]] e8gl05btythvyb68jbaacqjlwus6e64 310182 310181 2026-09-07T09:10:50Z Ringer 55 310182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kai Zen | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2012|02|06|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|Aktres}} | years_active = 2019–presente | agent = | spouse = | website = | othername = }} Si '''Kai Zen''' (namundag Pebrero 6, 2012<ref>{{cite web |author=Shrestha |first=Pranish |date=May 3, 2023 |title=Kai Zen Age Wiki Parents And Siblings Debunked |url=https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520191114/https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=Model Fact}}</ref>) sarong Amerikanang aktres na midbid sa saiyang pagpapel bilang si June sa 2020 [[Netflix]] na pelikulang ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'', Pepper sa ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', asin [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''. ==Karera== Kan 2017 siya sarong promotor na nagtutulod kan mga badoon na mga pan-aki nasin mga produktong pang-konsumidor.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=hmjapan |number=1023176268609662976 |title=新作キッズ}}</ref> Kan 2018 siya nagluwas sa komersyal para sa [[Xfinity]].<ref>{{cite instagram |user=kai_zen_ |postid=Bq1AMTshs8N |title=#selfie suitcases |date=December 1, 2018 }}</ref> Nagbungsod siya kan karera niya sa screen paagi kan ''[[American Housewife]]'' na programa. Siya dangan nagbida sa [[Netflix]] na pelikulang tituladong ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Sofia Carson To Topline Netflix Family Dance Film 'Feel The Beat' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726163228/https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |archive-date=July 26, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2022 siya nagbali sa voice cast kan ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', sarong telebisyon na seryeng brodkast sa [[Disney Junior]], kun saen siya an nagboboses na si Pepper.<ref>{{cite web |author=Petski |first=Denise |date=May 26, 2022 |title='Eureka!': Loretta Devine, Sheila E. & Misty Copeland Among Cast For Disney Jr. Animated Series; Trailer Released |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202802/https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |access-date=May 26, 2022 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2023, siya nagbida bilang si [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] na pelikulang ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''.<ref name="ZenPhyla">{{Cite AV media |url=https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |title=Who Is Phyla-Vell? The MCU Debuts Another Captain Marvel|date=May 3, 2023 |author=Pierre Chanliau |access-date=May 4, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504230553/https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |via=The Direct}}</ref> ==Filmograpiya== {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}} |Denotes works that have not yet been released |} ===Mga pelikul=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | 2019 | ''[[The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part]]'' | Loop group | Voice |- | 2020 | ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'' | June | |- | 2022 | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' | Kid in classroom | Voice |- | 2023 | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]'' | [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2025 | ''[[Fractured (2025 film)|Fractured]]'' | Maya | |- | ''[[In Your Dreams (film)|In Your Dreams]]'' | Eight-Year-Old Stevie | Voice |} ===Telebisyon=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | rowspan="3"|2020 | ''[[American Housewife]]'' | Supporting role | Season 4, episode 13 |- | ''[[The Rocketeer (TV series)|The Rocketeer]]'' | River | Voice, 4 episodes |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' | Young [[Anne Boonchuy]] | Voice, episode: "Lost in Newtopia" |- | 2021 | ''[[South Park]]'' | Looper | Voice, episode: "[[South Park: Post Covid]]" |- | 2022 | ''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' | Girl | Voice, episode: "An Egg-Cellent Adventure" |- | rowspan="2"| 2022–2023 | ''[[Kung Fu Panda: The Dragon Knight]]'' | Young Sir Luthera | Voice, 3 episodes |- | ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'' | Pepper | Voice, main role |- | 2024 | ''[[Creature Commandos (TV series)|Creature Commandos]]'' | Little Girl 2 | Voice, episode: "Chasing Squirrels" |- | 2025 | ''[[Firebuds]]'' | Kaliani | Voice, recurring role |- | 2025–present | ''[[Ariel (TV series)|Ariel]]'' | Akiko | Voice, main role (Season 2) |} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * {{IMDb name |name=Kai Zen}} * {{instagram|kai_zen_}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zen, Kai}} [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2012 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng sioglong mga Amerikanang mga aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga aktres haleng Los Angeles]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa telebisyon]] 1ul6xfdb1pbrcf9edcaudjlom1i74sw 310183 310182 2026-09-07T09:11:43Z Ringer 55 310183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kai Zen | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2012|02|06|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|Aktres}} | years_active = 2019–presente | agent = | spouse = | website = | othername = }} Si '''Kai Zen''' (namundag Pebrero 6, 2012<ref>{{cite web |author=Shrestha |first=Pranish |date=May 3, 2023 |title=Kai Zen Age Wiki Parents And Siblings Debunked |url=https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520191114/https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=Model Fact}}</ref>) sarong Amerikanang aktres na midbid sa saiyang pagpapel bilang si June sa 2020 [[Netflix]] na pelikulang ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'', Pepper sa ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', asin [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''. ==Karera== Kan 2017 siya sarong promotor na nagtutulod kan mga badoon na mga pan-aki nasin mga produktong pang-konsumidor.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=hmjapan |number=1023176268609662976 |title=新作キッズ}}</ref> Kan 2018 siya nagluwas sa komersyal para sa [[Xfinity]].<ref>{{cite instagram |user=kai_zen_ |postid=Bq1AMTshs8N |title=#selfie suitcases |date=December 1, 2018 }}</ref> Nagbungsod siya kan karera niya sa screen paagi kan ''[[American Housewife]]'' na programa. Siya dangan nagbida sa [[Netflix]] na pelikulang tituladong ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Sofia Carson To Topline Netflix Family Dance Film 'Feel The Beat' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726163228/https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |archive-date=July 26, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2022 siya nagbali sa voice cast kan ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', sarong telebisyon na seryeng brodkast sa [[Disney Junior]], kun saen siya an nagboboses na si Pepper.<ref>{{cite web |author=Petski |first=Denise |date=May 26, 2022 |title='Eureka!': Loretta Devine, Sheila E. & Misty Copeland Among Cast For Disney Jr. Animated Series; Trailer Released |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202802/https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |access-date=May 26, 2022 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2023, siya nagbida bilang si [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] na pelikulang ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''.<ref name="ZenPhyla">{{Cite AV media |url=https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |title=Who Is Phyla-Vell? The MCU Debuts Another Captain Marvel|date=May 3, 2023 |author=Pierre Chanliau |access-date=May 4, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504230553/https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |via=The Direct}}</ref> ==Filmograpiya== {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}} |Denotes works that have not yet been released |} ===Mga pelikul=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | 2019 | ''[[The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part]]'' | Loop group | Voice |- | 2020 | ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'' | June | |- | 2022 | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' | Kid in classroom | Voice |- | 2023 | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]'' | [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2025 | ''[[Fractured (2025 film)|Fractured]]'' | Maya | |- | ''[[In Your Dreams (film)|In Your Dreams]]'' | Eight-Year-Old Stevie | Voice |} ===Telebisyon=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | rowspan="3"|2020 | ''[[American Housewife]]'' | Supporting role | Season 4, episode 13 |- | ''[[The Rocketeer (TV series)|The Rocketeer]]'' | River | Voice, 4 episodes |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' | Young [[Anne Boonchuy]] | Voice, episode: "Lost in Newtopia" |- | 2021 | ''[[South Park]]'' | Looper | Voice, episode: "[[South Park: Post Covid]]" |- | 2022 | ''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' | Girl | Voice, episode: "An Egg-Cellent Adventure" |- | rowspan="2"| 2022–2023 | ''[[Kung Fu Panda: The Dragon Knight]]'' | Young Sir Luthera | Voice, 3 episodes |- | ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'' | Pepper | Voice, main role |- | 2024 | ''[[Creature Commandos (TV series)|Creature Commandos]]'' | Little Girl 2 | Voice, episode: "Chasing Squirrels" |- | 2025 | ''[[Firebuds]]'' | Kaliani | Voice, recurring role |- | 2025–present | ''[[Ariel (TV series)|Ariel]]'' | Akiko | Voice, main role (Season 2) |} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * {{IMDb name |name=Kai Zen}} * {{instagram|kai_zen_}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zen, Kai}} [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2012 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng sioglong mga Amerikanang mga aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga aktres haleng Los Angeles]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa telebisyon]] [[en: Kai Zen (aktres)]] i7ndabk0dij6k1gz70pufpmhlwh9pkr 310184 310183 2026-09-07T09:12:09Z Ringer 55 /* Mga pelikul */ 310184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kai Zen | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2012|02|06|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|Aktres}} | years_active = 2019–presente | agent = | spouse = | website = | othername = }} Si '''Kai Zen''' (namundag Pebrero 6, 2012<ref>{{cite web |author=Shrestha |first=Pranish |date=May 3, 2023 |title=Kai Zen Age Wiki Parents And Siblings Debunked |url=https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520191114/https://modelfact.com/kai-zen-age-wiki-parents-and-siblings-debunked/ |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=Model Fact}}</ref>) sarong Amerikanang aktres na midbid sa saiyang pagpapel bilang si June sa 2020 [[Netflix]] na pelikulang ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'', Pepper sa ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', asin [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''. ==Karera== Kan 2017 siya sarong promotor na nagtutulod kan mga badoon na mga pan-aki nasin mga produktong pang-konsumidor.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=hmjapan |number=1023176268609662976 |title=新作キッズ}}</ref> Kan 2018 siya nagluwas sa komersyal para sa [[Xfinity]].<ref>{{cite instagram |user=kai_zen_ |postid=Bq1AMTshs8N |title=#selfie suitcases |date=December 1, 2018 }}</ref> Nagbungsod siya kan karera niya sa screen paagi kan ''[[American Housewife]]'' na programa. Siya dangan nagbida sa [[Netflix]] na pelikulang tituladong ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Sofia Carson To Topline Netflix Family Dance Film 'Feel The Beat' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726163228/https://deadline.com/2019/07/sofia-carson-netflix-feel-the-beat-movie-1202654630/ |archive-date=July 26, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2022 siya nagbali sa voice cast kan ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'', sarong telebisyon na seryeng brodkast sa [[Disney Junior]], kun saen siya an nagboboses na si Pepper.<ref>{{cite web |author=Petski |first=Denise |date=May 26, 2022 |title='Eureka!': Loretta Devine, Sheila E. & Misty Copeland Among Cast For Disney Jr. Animated Series; Trailer Released |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202802/https://deadline.com/2022/05/eureka-loretta-devine-sheila-e-misty-copeland-cast-disney-jr-animated-series-trailer-1235030862/ |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |access-date=May 26, 2022 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Kan 2023, siya nagbida bilang si [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] na pelikulang ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]''.<ref name="ZenPhyla">{{Cite AV media |url=https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |title=Who Is Phyla-Vell? The MCU Debuts Another Captain Marvel|date=May 3, 2023 |author=Pierre Chanliau |access-date=May 4, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504230553/https://thedirect.com/article/captain-marvel-phyla-mcu |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |via=The Direct}}</ref> ==Filmograpiya== {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}} |Denotes works that have not yet been released |} ===Mga pelikula=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | 2019 | ''[[The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part]]'' | Loop group | Voice |- | 2020 | ''[[Feel the Beat (film)|Feel the Beat]]'' | June | |- | 2022 | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' | Kid in classroom | Voice |- | 2023 | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]'' | [[Phyla-Vell|Phyla]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2025 | ''[[Fractured (2025 film)|Fractured]]'' | Maya | |- | ''[[In Your Dreams (film)|In Your Dreams]]'' | Eight-Year-Old Stevie | Voice |} ===Telebisyon=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Nota |- | rowspan="3"|2020 | ''[[American Housewife]]'' | Supporting role | Season 4, episode 13 |- | ''[[The Rocketeer (TV series)|The Rocketeer]]'' | River | Voice, 4 episodes |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' | Young [[Anne Boonchuy]] | Voice, episode: "Lost in Newtopia" |- | 2021 | ''[[South Park]]'' | Looper | Voice, episode: "[[South Park: Post Covid]]" |- | 2022 | ''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' | Girl | Voice, episode: "An Egg-Cellent Adventure" |- | rowspan="2"| 2022–2023 | ''[[Kung Fu Panda: The Dragon Knight]]'' | Young Sir Luthera | Voice, 3 episodes |- | ''[[Eureka! (2022 TV series)|Eureka!]]'' | Pepper | Voice, main role |- | 2024 | ''[[Creature Commandos (TV series)|Creature Commandos]]'' | Little Girl 2 | Voice, episode: "Chasing Squirrels" |- | 2025 | ''[[Firebuds]]'' | Kaliani | Voice, recurring role |- | 2025–present | ''[[Ariel (TV series)|Ariel]]'' | Akiko | Voice, main role (Season 2) |} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * {{IMDb name |name=Kai Zen}} * {{instagram|kai_zen_}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zen, Kai}} [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2012 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng sioglong mga Amerikanang mga aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga aktres haleng Los Angeles]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanang mga aktres sa telebisyon]] [[en: Kai Zen (aktres)]] 6677n68pekroc9joj7kubzwa926vx2t