Baghdad

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="bcl">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>bclwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Medio</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Espesyal</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Olay</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Paragamit</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Olay kan paragamit</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Olay sa Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Ladawan</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Olay sa ladawan</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Olay sa MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Plantilya</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Olay sa plantilya</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Tabang</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Olay sa tabang</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kategorya</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Olay sa kategorya</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Baghdad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13489</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310482</id>
      <parentid>291164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T18:39:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310482</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9544" sha1="k5mcebumk5k6a55kp4juskqex6yr0l7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;| name               = Baghdad
| official_name      = Mayoralidad kan Baghdad
| native_name        = بَغدَاد
| settlement_type    = [[Metropolis]] asin [[kapitolyo syudad]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = 5628442718 b10fc2c47f o.jpg
| image2 = قبة جامع الحيدر خانة.jpg
| image3 = تمثال رئيس الوزراء العراقي الأسبق عبد الكريم قاسم في شارع الرشيد بجانب الرصافة من بغداد.jpg
| image4 = 001126-IraqMuseum-IMG 8269-2.jpg
| image5 = Old Iraqi Houses.jpg
| image6 = Dar Al-Atraqchi.jpg 
| image7 = صورة لمدينة بغداد.jpg 
}}
| image_caption      = Itaas-pababa, L-R:{{br}} Pang-ereng tanawon kan [[Green Zone]]; {{br}} [[Haydar-Khana Mosque]] • Estatwa kan [[Abd al-Karim Qasim|Karim Qasim]]
  {{br}} [[Iraq Museum]] • Harong kan [[Sassoon Eskell]] {{br}} [[Kapehan nin Dar al-Atraqchi|Atraqchi for Art &amp; cultural heritage]] • Tanawon kan Baghdad
| image_flag         = Flag of Baghdad.svg
| flag_size          = &lt;!-- 120px --&gt;
| image_seal         = 
| nickname           = Syudad nin Katuninungan (مَدِيْنَةُ السَّلَام)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Petersen |first1=Andrew |title=Baghdad (Madinat al-Salam) |url=http://islamic-arts.org/2011/baghdad-madinat-al-salam/ |publisher=Islamic Arts &amp; Architecture |date=13 September 2011 |access-date=23 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916131027/http://islamic-arts.org/2011/baghdad-madinat-al-salam/ |archive-date=16 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| pushpin_map        = Irak#Kinaban nin Arabo#Asya
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_map_caption = Kinamumugtakan kan Baghdad sa Irak
| coordinates        = {{coord|33|18|55|N|44|21|58|E|region:IQ-BG_type:city(8,100,000)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Nasyon
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Iraq}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Mga gobernador kan Irak|Governador]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Gobernador nin Baghdad|Baghdad]]
| established_title  = Tinugdas
| established_date   = Ika-30 nin Hulyo 762 [[common era|CE]]
| founder            = [[Al-Mansur|Caliph al-Mansur]]
| government_type    = Alkalde–konseho
| governing_body     = Baghdad City Advisory Council
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Baghdad|Alkalde]]
| leader_name        = [[Alaa Al-Amari]]
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_total_km2     = 673
| elevation_m        = 34
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est     = 8,126,755&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cosit.gov.iq/documents/population/projection/projection2015-2018.pdf |title=Population Projection 2015-2018 |author=Central Statistics Organization Iraq |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126003308/http://cosit.gov.iq/documents/population/projection/projection2015-2018.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| pop_est_as_of      = 2018
| population_rank    = [[Lista kan mga syudad sa Irak|Ika-1 sa Irak]]
| population_demonym = Baghdadi
| timezone1          = Panusugan na Oras sa Arabya
| utc_offset1        = +3
| timezone1_DST      = No DST
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| postal_code_type   = Kodigo nin postal
| postal_code        = 10001 to 10090
| area_code_type     = (+964) 1
| website            = {{URL|1=https://amanatbaghdad.gov.iq/index.php?lang=en|2=amanatbaghdad.gov.iq}} {{in lang|ar}}
| parts_type         = Mga distrito
| parts              = [[Mga administratibong distrito kan Baghdad|11]]
}}

An '''Baghdad''' (Arabe: بغداد, Baġdād), iyo an [[kapitolyo]] kan [[Iraq]] asin kan Probinsya nin Baghdad. May populasyon na 6 431 839 (2008), ini iyo an pinakamahiwas na siyudad na may pinakadakulang urbanisadong lugar, saka saro sa pinakadakul an populasyon sa Salog Tigris.

==Tala==
{{notelist}}

==Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}

==Mga pinagkuanan==
* {{Citation |title=Voyages d'Ibn Batoutah |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-UHAAAAIAAJ |year=1854 |editor-last=Defrémery |editor-first=C. |place=Paris |publisher=Société Asiatic |language=fr, ar |editor-last2=Sanguinetti |editor-first2=B. R.}}
* {{Citation |last=Dunn |first=Ross E. |title=The Adventures of Ibn Battuta |year=2005 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24385-9 |author-link=Ross E. Dunn}}

==Urog pang mababasa==
===Mga artikulo===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050525231213/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/ds49x2xm465d/ A Dweller in Mesopotamia], being the adventures of an official artist in the [[Garden of Eden]], by Donald Maxwell, 1921 (a searchable facsimile at the [[University of Georgia]] Libraries; [[DjVu]] &amp; {{cite web |url=http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/1f/dweller_in_mesopotamia.pdf |title=layered PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050906055955/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/1f/dweller_in_mesopotamia.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2005}}&amp;nbsp;{{small|(7.53&amp;nbsp;MB)}} format)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050402090804/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/ By Desert Ways to Baghdad], by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins), 1908 (1909 ed) (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] &amp; {{cite web |url=http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/1f/desert_ways_to_baghdad.pdf |title=layered PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050906060015/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/1f/desert_ways_to_baghdad.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2005}}&amp;nbsp;{{small|(11.3&amp;nbsp;MB)}} format)
* [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13602365.2012.692603#preview/ Miastoprojekt goes abroad: the transfer of architectural labour from socialist Poland to Iraq (1958–1989)] by Lukasz Stanek, ''[[The Journal of Architecture]]'', Volume 17, Issue 3, 2012

===Mga libro===
* Caecilia Pieri, Bagdad, la construction d'une capitale moderne, 1914–1960, Presses de l'Ifpo, 2015, 440 pages, about 800 illustrations (ISBN 978-2-35159-399-8) (ISSN 2225-7578).
* Mina Marefat, Caecilia Pieri, Gilles Ragot, Le Corbusier's Gymnasium in Bagdad, 2014, Éditions du patrimoine, collection Regards (French and English versions), Presses de l'Ifpo (Arabic version) (ISBN 2757703013).
* {{cite book |last=Pieri |first=Caecilia |year=2011 |title=Baghdad Arts Deco: Architectural Brickwork, 1920–1950 |url=https://archive.org/details/baghdadartsdecoa0000pier |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |edition=1st |page=160 |isbn=978-977-416-356-2}}
* &quot;Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-135&quot; by Ibn Battuta.
* &quot;[[Gertrude Bell]]: The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914.&quot; by Bell Gertrude Lowthian, and O'Brien, Rosemary.
* &quot;Historic Cities of the Islamic World&quot;. by Bosworth, Clifford Edmund.
* &quot;Ottoman administration of Iraq, 1890–1908.&quot; by Cetinsaya, Gokhan.
* &quot;Naked in Baghdad.&quot; by Garrels, Anne, and Lawrence, Vint.
* &quot;A memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson.&quot; by Rawlinson, George.
* Stanek, Łukasz (2020). ''Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War''. Princeton. {{ISBN|978-0-691-19455-4}}.

==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{Commons}}
{{wikivoyage}}
{{Wiktionary|Baghdad}}
{{EB9 Poster|Baghdad}}
{{EB1911 poster|Bagdad (city)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161011182836/http://www.amanatbaghdad.gov.iq/ Amanat/Mayoralty of Baghdad]
* [http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/iraq/baghdadmapb.jpg Map of Baghdad] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930101151/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/iraq/baghdadmapb.jpg |date=30 September 2009 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070911122606/http://www.iraqimage.com/pages/browse/Baghdad.html Iraq Image – Baghdad Satellite Observation]
* [http://www.investpromo.gov.iq/ National Commission for Investment in Iraq]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?style=plnews&amp;data=/gmtemp/news/ni000001.sid&amp;title=Baghdad,+2003 Interactive map]
* [http://countrystudies.us/iraq/42.htm Iraq – Urban Society]
* [http://vb.bagdady.com/bagdady551878/ – Baghdad government websites] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022190928/http://vb.bagdady.com/bagdady551878/ |date=22 October 2014 }}
* [https://www.usatoday.com/money/world/2004-03-01-hisham_x.htm Envisioning Reconstruction In Iraq]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212064817/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=7592 Description of the original layout of Baghdad]
* [http://healingiraq.blogspot.com/baghdadethno1.JPG Ethnic and sectarian map of Baghdad – Healingiraq]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060921050720/http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=ashkouri Man With A Plan: Hisham Ashkouri]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090828185553/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/iraq/090824/behind-baghdads-9-11 Behind Baghdad's 9/11]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091219131236/http://www.iauiraq.org/ Iraq Inter-Agency Information &amp; Analysis Unit] Reports, maps and assessments of Iraq from the UN Inter-Agency Information &amp; Analysis Unit
* {{osmrelation-inline|5638803}}
{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Mga administratibong distrito sa Baghdad}}
{{Mga Gobernador kan Irak}}
{{Tigris}}
{{Mga kapitolyo kan mga nasyon na Arabo}}
{{Lista kan mga kapitolyo sa Asya susog sa rehiyon}}
{{Pinakamatawo na mga urban na lugar sa kinaban}}
{{Arabong Kapitolyo nin Kultura}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Baghdad| ]]</text>
      <sha1>k5mcebumk5k6a55kp4juskqex6yr0l7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tataramon na Malgatse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310495</id>
      <parentid>186480</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:59:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310495</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6981" sha1="l1zsvo28kr8bnoppv76j9l6xhwbhw88" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
|name=Malgatse
|states= [[Madagaskar]]
|nation={{MAD}}
|speakers = {{sigfig|18.4|2}} miyon
|date     = 2007
|ref      = ne2007
|familycolor=Austronesyo
|fam2=[[Mga tataramon na Malayo-Polinesyo|Malayo-Polinesyo]]
|fam3=[[Mga tataramon na Subangan na Barito|Subangan na Barito]]
|iso1=mg 
|iso2b=mlg 
|iso2t=mlg
|iso3=mlg
|lc1=xmv |ld1=Antankarana 
|lc2=bhr |ld2=Bara
|lc3=buc |ld3=[[tataramon na Bushi|Bushi]]
|lc4=msh |ld4=Masikoro 
|lc5=bmm |ld5=Norteng Betsimisaraka 
|lc6=plt |ld6=Talampas na Malagasy 
|lc7=skg |ld7=Sakalava 
|lc8=bzc |ld8=Habagatan na Betsimisaraka 
|lc9=tdx |ld9=Tandroy-Mafahaly 
|lc10=txy |ld10=Tanosy 
|lc11=tkg |ld11=Tesaka 
|lc12=xmw |ld12=Tsimihety 
|glotto=mala1537
|glottorefname=Malagasic
|lingua=31-LDA-a
|script=[[Iskriptong Latino]] (Alpabetong Malagasy)&lt;br&gt;[[Malagasy Braille]]
|notice=IPA
}}

An '''Malgatse''' o '''Malagasy''' sa tataramon na ingles , sarong tataramon na [[Mga tataramon na Austronesyo|Austronesyo]] asin an nasyunal na tataramon kan nacion na [[Madagaskar]].

==Bukabolaryo==
Iniheras kan Malagasy an haros gabos na panginot na bokabularyo kaini sa [[tataramon na Ma'anyan]], sarong tataramon gikan sa rehiyon kan Salog Barito sa habagatan kan [[Borneo]]. Kaiba man sa tataramon na Malagasy an pirang mga pagsubli gikan sa [[Tataramon na Arabe|Arabo]] asin mga tatramon na Bantu(espesyalmente sa sanga nin Sabaki na gikan sa kung sain naghali an pinaka-kapansin-pansin na Swahili), asin mas kamakailan gikan sa [[Tataramon na Pranses|Pranses]] asin [[Ingles]].

An mga minasunod na halimbawa iyo an diyalekto na Merina o Estandarteng Malagasy, na ipinagtataram sa kabisera ng Madagaskar asin sa tahaw na halangkaw na lugar o &quot;talampas&quot;, istaran kan mga tawong Medina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Malagasy–English / English–Malagasy: Dictionary and Phrasebook |url=https://archive.org/details/malagasyenglishe00raso |last=Rasoloson |first=Janie |publisher=Hippocrene Books |year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pangkagabsang nasasabutan ini kan kabilugan kan isla.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Bikol Sentral
! Malgatse
! IPA
|-
| Ingles
| ''Anglisy''
| {{IPA|ãŋˈɡliʂ}}
|-
| Iyo
| ''Eny''
| {{IPA|ˈʲenj}}
|-
| Dai
| ''Tsia'', (bago an sarong panhiro o berba) ''Tsy'' 
| {{IPA|tsi}}, {{IPA|tsʲ}}
|-
| Hello! / Kumusta ka?
| ''Manao ahoana!''
| {{IPA|manaˈʷonə̥}}/{{IPA|manaˈonə̥}}
|-
| Hello! (mga lugar nin rural)
| ''Salama!''
| {{IPA|saˈlamə̥}}
|-
| Ayos lang, salamat/mabalos.
| ''Tsara fa misaotra.''
| {{IPA|ˈtsarə̥ fa mʲˈsoːtʂə̥}}
|-
| Paaram!
| ''Veloma!''
| {{IPA|veˈlumə̥}}
|-
| Pakiulay
| ''Azafady''
| {{IPA|azaˈfadʲ}}
|-
| Mabalos/Diyos Mabalos (may galang)
| ''Misaotra''
| {{IPA|mʲˈsoːtʂa}}
|-
| Daing anuman (Bikol Legaspi) &lt;br/&gt; Mayong anuman (Bikol Naga)
| ''Tsisy fisaorana.''
| {{IPA|tsʲ ˈmisʲ fʲˈsoːranə̥}}
|-
| ''Excuse me''/ Daing galang na
| ''Azafady'' (may braso asin kamot na minatukdo sa daga)
| {{IPA|azaˈfadʲ}}
|-
| Dispensa
| ''Miala tsiny''
| {{IPA|mjala ˈtsinʲ}}
|-
| Siisay?
| ''Iza?''
| {{IPA|ˈiːza}}/{{IPA|ˈiza}}
|-
| Ano?
| ''Inona?''
| {{IPA|inːa}}
|-
| Nuarin?
| ''Rahoviana?'', (pangnag-agi o ''past tense'') ''Oviana'' 
| {{IPA|roːˈvinə̥}}/{{IPA|rawˈvinə̥}}
|-
| Sain?
| ''Aiza?'', (pangnag-agi o ''past tense'') ''Taiza''
| {{IPA|ajzə̥}}
|-
| Tano?
| ''Fa maninona?''
| {{IPA|fa maninːə̥}}
|-
| Pano?
| ''Ahoana?''
| {{IPA|aˈʷonə̥}}
|-
| Pira?
| ''Firy?''
| {{IPA|ˈfirʲ}}
|-
| Gurano?
| ''Ohatrinona?''
| {{IPA|ʷoˈtʂinːə̥}}
|-
| Ano an pangaran mo?
| ''Iza ny anaranao?''
| {{IPA|iza njanaraˈnaw}}
|-
| Para sa
| ''Ho an'ny'' / ''Ho an'i''
| {{IPA|wanːi}}
|-
| Nin huli ta/huli ta
| ''Satria''
| {{IPA|saˈtʂi}}
|-
| Dai ko nasasabotan.
| ''Tsy mazava'', ''Tsy azoko.''
| {{IPA|tsʲ mazavə̥}}
|-
| Iyo, nasasabotan ko.
| ''Eny, mazava'', ''Eny, azoko''
| {{IPA|ʲenʲ mazavə̥}}
|-
| Tabang!
| ''Vonjeo!''
| {{IPA|vunˈdzew}}
|-
| Maghali ka!
| ''Mandehana!''
| {{IPA| man di anə}}
|-
| Pwede mo daw ko tabangan?
| ''Afaka manampy ahy ve ianao azafady?''
| {{IPA|afaka manapʲ a ve enaw azafadʲ}}
|-
| Nasain an kasilyasan/uduan?
| ''Aiza ny efitrano fivoahana?'', ''Aiza ny V.C.?'', ''Aiza ny toliet?''
| {{IPA|ajza njefitʂanʷ fiˈvwaːnə̥}}
|-
| Nagtataram ka nin Ingles?
| ''Mahay teny anglisy ve ianao?''
| {{IPA|miˈtenʲ ãŋˈɡliʂ ve eˈnaw}}
|-
| Dai ako nagtataram nin Magaltse.
| ''Tsy mahay teny malagasy aho.''
| {{IPA|tsʲ maaj tenʲ malaˈɡasʲ a}}
|-
| Dai ako nagtataram nin Pranses.
| ''Tsy mahay teny frantsay aho.''
| {{IPA|tsʲ maaj tenʲ frantsaj a}}
|-
| Napapaha ako.
| ''Mangetaheta aho.''
| {{IPA|maŋɡetaˈeta}}
|-
| Nagugutom ako.
| ''Noana aho.''
| {{IPA|noːna}}
|-
| May hilang ako.
| ''Marary aho.''
| {{IPA|}}
|-
| Pagal na ako.
| ''Vizaka aho'', ''Reraka aho''
| {{IPA|ˈvizaka}}, {{IPA|rerakau}}
|-
| Kaipuhan ko mag-ihi/magti'ris.
| ''Poritra aho'', ''Ny olombelona tsy akoho''
| {{IPA|purtʂa}}
|-
| Mawot ko na magduman sa Antsirabe.
| ''Te hankany Antsirabe aho.''
| {{IPA|tiku ankanʲ anjantsirabe}}
|-
| Mahal man kaiyan!
| ''Lafo be izany!''
| {{IPA|lafʷˈbe zanʲ}}
|-
| Nagugutom ako sa pirang bagas.
| ''Noana vary aho.''
| {{IPA|noːna varja}}
|-
| Ano an magigibo ko para saimo?
| ''Inona no azoko atao ho anao?''
| {{IPA|inːa ɲazʷkwataʷ wanaw}}
|-
| Suno/Gusto ko...
| ''Tiako...''
| {{IPA|tikʷ}}
|-
| Namumutan taka.
| ''Tiako ianao.''
| {{IPA|tikwenaʷ}}
|-
!
! Mga numero
!
|-
| saro
| ''isa/iray''
| {{IPA|isə̥}}
|-
| duwa
| ''roa''
| {{IPA|ru}}
|-
| tolo
| ''telo''
| {{IPA|telʷ}}
|-
| apat
| ''efatra''
| {{IPA|ˈefatʂə̥}}
|-
| lima
| ''dimy''
| {{IPA|ˈdimʲ}}
|-
| anom
| ''enina''
| {{IPA|enː}}
|-
| pito
| ''fito''
| {{IPA|fitʷ}}
|-
| walo
| ''valo''
| {{IPA|valʷ}}
|-
| siyam
| ''sivy''
| {{IPA|sivʲ}}
|-
| sampulo
| ''folo''
| {{IPA|fulʷ}}
|-
| kagsaro
| ''iraika ambin'ny folo''
| {{IPA|rajkʲambefulʷ}}
|-
| kagduwa
| ''roa ambin'ny folo''
| {{IPA|rumbefulʷ}}
|-
| duwampulo
| ''roapolo''
| {{IPA|ropulʷ}}
|-
| tolumpulo
| ''telopolo''
| {{IPA|telopulʷ}}
|-
| apat na pulo
| ''efapolo''
| {{IPA|efapulʷ}}
|-
| limampulo
| ''dimampolo''
| {{IPA|dimapulʷ}}
|-
| anom na pulo
| ''enim-polo''
| {{IPA|empulʷ}}
|-
| pitumpulo
| ''fitopolo''
| {{IPA|fitupulʷ}}
|-
| walumpolo
| ''valopolo''
| {{IPA|valupulʷ}}
|-
| siyam na pulo
| ''sivifolo''
| {{IPA|sivfulʷ}}
|-
| sanggatos/ sarong gatos
| ''zato''
| {{IPA|zatʷ}}
|-
| duwang gatos
| ''roan-jato''
| {{IPA|rondzatʷ}}
|-
| sanribo/sarong ribo
| ''arivo''
| {{IPA|arivʷ}}
|-
| sampulong ribo
| ''iray alina''
| {{IPA|rajal}}
|-
| aanggatos na ribo
| ''iray hetsy''
| {{IPA|rajetsʲ}}
|-
| sarong milyon
| ''iray tapitrisa''
| {{IPA|rajtaptʂisə̥}}
|-
| sarong bilyon
| ''iray lavitrisa''
| {{IPA|rajlavtʂisə̥}}
|-
| 3,568,942 
| ''roa amby efapolo sy sivin-jato sy valo arivo sy enina alina sy dimy hetsy sy telo tapitrisa''
| {{IPA|rumbefapulʷ sʲsivdzatʷ sʲvalorivʷ sʲenːal sʲdimjetsʲ sʲtelutapitʂisə̥}}
|}

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>l1zsvo28kr8bnoppv76j9l6xhwbhw88</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pilmograpiya ni Sandra Bullock</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310487</id>
      <parentid>190527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T20:20:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35098" sha1="29dcwzccg82x73vg8rr3sepj3ynb7s5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sandra Bullock by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|alt=Sarong ladawan ni Bullock na nakangirit mantang nag-aatendir sa 2013 San Diego Comic-Con|Si Sandra Bullock sa 2013 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]|200px]]

Si [[Sandra Bullock]] sarong [[Estados Unidos|Amerikanong]] aktres asin produser, na inot na nagpamidbid para sa saiyang minor na papel sa [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] na pelikulang ''[[Hangmen (film)|Hangmen]]'' ni J. Christian Ingvordsen kan 1987.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gritten |first1=David |title=Halliwell's Film Guide 2008 |url=https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmdv0000unse |edition=23rd |date=October 8, 2007|publisher=HarperCollins Entertainment |isbn=9780007260805 |page=[https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmdv0000unse/page/507 507]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya inot na nagluwas sa pelikulang telebisyon na ''[[The Bionic Woman#TV movies|Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman]]'' (1989) asin ginampanan an panginot na papel sa dai man naghaloy na [[sitcom]] na ''[[Working Girl (TV series)|Working Girl]]'' (1990)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/sandra_bullock/biography/ |title=Sandra Bullock Biography |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |publisher=[[Time Inc.]] |accessdate=October 25, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025093839/http://www.people.com/people/sandra_bullock/biography/ |archivedate=October 25, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; bago magkaigwa nin pagkakataon na magganap sa pelikulang aksyon ni [[Jan de Bont]] na ''[[Speed (1994 film)|Speed]]'' (1994).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Singh |first=Anita |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/7138273/Oscars-2010-Sandra-Bullock-leads-best-actress-nominees.html |title=Oscars 2010: Sandra Bullock leads best actress nominees |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=February 2, 2010 |accessdate=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915141410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/7138273/Oscars-2010-Sandra-Bullock-leads-best-actress-nominees.html |archivedate=September 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 1995, si Bullock nagtugdas nin sadiring kompanya, an Fortis Films, asin nagluwas sa [[romantic comedy]] na ''[[While You Were Sleeping (film)|While You Were Sleeping]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Wethington |first=Jessica |url=https://variety.com/2001/film/news/fortis-fortifies-future-deals-1117794813/ |title=Fortis fortifies future deals |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=March 5, 2001 |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217112547/http://variety.com/2001/film/news/fortis-fortifies-future-deals-1117794813/ |archivedate=December 17, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; An saiyang pagganap sa pelikula nagtao saiya ni pinakainot na nominasyon sa [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress&amp;nbsp;– Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-22/entertainment/ca-16723_1_golden-globe-award-nominations |title='Sense' Tops Globe Nod List With Six : Awards: The Jane Austen costume romance and 'American President' head the field in what look like wide open races. |last1=Welkos |first1=Robert |last2=Dutka |first2=Elaine |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]  |date=December 22, 1995 |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915141946/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-22/entertainment/ca-16723_1_golden-globe-award-nominations |archivedate=September 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 1996, Bullock nagluwas siya sa [[film adaptation]] ni [[John Grisham]] na ''[[A Time to Kill (1996 film)|A Time to Kill]]''. Kan 1998, si Bullock nagluwas sa romantic comedy na ''[[Practical Magic]]'', tinawan niyang boses an karakter na si [[Miriam]] sa [[DreamWorks Animation|DreamWorks animated film]] ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' asin nagin executive producer sa saiyang pinakainot na prinudusir na pelikulang romantiking drama na ''[[Hope Floats]]''.

==Film==
[[File:Sandra Bullock Cannes.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Sarong ladawan ni Bullock mantang nag-aatendir sa 1996 Cannes Film Festival|Si Bullock sa [[1996 Cannes Film Festival]]|175px]]
[[File:Sandra Bullock(cannesPhotoCall).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Sarong ladawan ni Bullock mantang nag-aatendir sa 2002 Cannes Film Festival|Si Bullock sa [[2002 Cannes Film Festival]]|175px]]
[[File:Sandra Bullock 2011 AA.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Sarong ladawan ni Bullock mantang nag-aatendir sa 83rd Academy Awards in 2011|Si Bullock sa [[83rd Academy Awards]] in 2011|175px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Taon
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Titulo
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Papel
!scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
!scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope=row|1987
|''[[Hangmen (film)|Hangmen]]''
|{{sort|Edwards|Lisa Edwards}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/21413/Hangmen/cast |title=Hangmen (1987) |work=[[The New York Times]]  |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015061513/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/21413/Hangmen/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1989
|''{{sort|Fool|[[A Fool and His Money (1989 film)|A Fool and His Money]]}}''
|{{sort|Cosgrove|Debby Cosgrove}}
|Also known as ''Religion, Inc.'';&lt;br/&gt;[[Direct-to-video]]
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=STV/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/a-fool-and-his-money-v132232/cast-crew |title=A Fool and His Money (1989) |publisher=[[AllMovie]] |accessdate=August 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716124607/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/a-fool-and-his-money-v132232/cast-crew |archivedate=July 16, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1989
|''[[Who Shot Patakango?]]''
|{{sort|Moran|Devlin Moran}}
|Direct-to-video
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=STV/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-07-10/entertainment/ca-1586_1_shot-pat |title=Movie Review: 'Pat' Evokes School Days of the '50s |work=Los Angeles Times |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=July 10, 1992 |accessdate=September 29, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024041825/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-07-10/entertainment/ca-1586_1_shot-pat |archivedate=October 24, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1992
|''[[Love Potion No. 9 (film)|Love Potion No. 9]]''
|{{sort|Farrow|Diane Farrow}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=STV&gt;{{cite news|last=Callahan |first=Maureen |title=How Did She Get Here? |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]  |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOMCAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA56 |date=July 31, 1995 |accessdate=September 29, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508070855/https://books.google.com/books?id=KOMCAAAAMBAJ |archivedate=May 8, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/love_potion_9/ |title=Love Potion #9 (1992) |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725104201/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/love_potion_9/ |archivedate=July 25, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1993
|''{{sort|Vanishing|[[The Vanishing (1993 film)|The Vanishing]]}}''
|{{sort|Shaver|Diane Shaver}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Turan |first=Kenneth |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1993-02-05/entertainment/ca-820_1_jeff-bridges |title=Movie Review : 'Vanishing' a Chiller With a Thriller of a Villain |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 5, 1993 |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024041445/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-02-05/entertainment/ca-820_1_jeff-bridges |archivedate=October 24, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1993
|''[[When the Party's Over]]''
|Amanda
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/80299/When-the-Party-s-Over/details |title=When the Party's Over (1993) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015042645/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/80299/When-the-Party-s-Over/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1993
|''{{sort|Thing|[[The Thing Called Love]]}}''
|{{sort|Linden|Linda Lue Linden}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/49463/The-Thing-Called-Love/details |title=The Thing Called Love (1993) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015061503/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/49463/The-Thing-Called-Love/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1993
|''[[Demolition Man (film)|Demolition Man]]''
|{{sort|Huxley|Lenina Huxley}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Levy |first=Emanuel |url=https://variety.com/1993/film/reviews/demolition-man-1200433744/ |title=Review: ‘Demolition Man’ |work=Variety  |date=October 8, 1993 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222015255/http://variety.com/1993/film/reviews/demolition-man-1200433744/ |archivedate=December 22, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1993
|''[[Fire on the Amazon]]''
|{{sort|Rothman|Alyssa Rothman}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/186757/Fire-on-the-Amazon/overview |title=Fire on the Amazon (1993) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 29, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015061707/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/186757/Fire-on-the-Amazon/overview |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/186757/Fire-on-the-Amazon/cast |title=Fire on the Amazon (1993) - Acting Credits |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015042652/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/186757/Fire-on-the-Amazon/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Krämer |first1=Peter |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Willis|title=Film Stars: Hollywood and Beyond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2ZXBaDJ6DUC&amp;pg=PA108|accessdate=September 29, 2014|date=September 4, 2004|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719056451|page=108|chapter=The rise and fall of Sandra Bullock}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1993
|''[[Wrestling Ernest Hemingway]]''
|Elaine
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/wrestling-ernest-hemingway-1994 |title=Wrestling Ernest Hemingway |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=January 21, 1994 |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816081345/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/wrestling-ernest-hemingway-1994 |archivedate=August 16, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1994
|''[[Speed (1994 film)|Speed]]''
|{{sort|Porter|Annie Porter}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/speed-v131239/cast-crew |title=Speed (1994) |publisher=AllMovie |accessdate=August 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523041544/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/speed-v131239/cast-crew |archivedate=May 23, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1994
|''[[Who Do I Gotta Kill?]]''
|Lori
|Also known as ''Me &amp; The Mob'';&lt;br/&gt;Direct-to-video release
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=STV/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/211359/Who-Do-I-Gotta-Kill-/cast |title=Who Do I Gotta Kill? - Acting Credits |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015061507/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/211359/Who-Do-I-Gotta-Kill-/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1995
|''[[While You Were Sleeping (film)|While You Were Sleeping]]''
|{{sort|Moderatz|Lucy Eleanor Moderatz}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/while_you_were_sleeping/ |title=While You Were Sleeping (1995) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913004906/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/while_you_were_sleeping/ |archivedate=September 13, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1995
|''{{sort|Net|[[The Net (1995 film)|The Net]]}}''
|{{sort|Bennett|Angela Bennett}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-net-1995 |title=The Net |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=July 28, 1995 |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816134758/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-net-1995 |archivedate=August 16, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1996
|''[[Two If by Sea]]''
|Roz
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E02E2DB1039F930A25752C0A960958260 |title=A Crook, a Cashier and Their Scam |work=The New York Times  |date=January 13, 1996 |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015051338/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E02E2DB1039F930A25752C0A960958260 |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1996
|''{{sort|Time|[[A Time to Kill (1996 film)|A Time to Kill]]}}''
|{{sort|Roark|Ellen Roark}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-time-to-kill-1996 |title=A Time To Kill |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=July 26, 1996 |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815104840/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-time-to-kill-1996 |archivedate=August 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1996
|''[[In Love and War (1996 film)|In Love and War]]''
|{{sort|Kurowsky|Agnes von Kurowsky}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gritten |first1=David |title=Halliwell's Film Guide 2008 |url=https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmdv0000unse |edition=23rd |date=October 8, 2007|publisher=HarperCollins Entertainment |isbn=9780007260805 |page=[https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmdv0000unse/page/581 581]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-love-and-war-1997 |title=In Love And War |date=January 24, 1997 |publisher=Roger Ebert |accessdate=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816140055/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-love-and-war-1997 |archivedate=August 16, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1997
|''[[Speed 2: Cruise Control]]''
|{{sort|Porter|Annie Porter}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Jones |first=Alan |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jc5hg/speed-2-cruise-control |title=Speed 2: Cruise Control |work=[[Radio Times]]  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014043632/http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jc5hg/speed-2-cruise-control |archivedate=October 14, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1998
|''[[Hope Floats]]''
|{{sort|Pruitt|Birdee Pruitt}}
|Also executive producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/162470/Hope-Floats/details |title=Hope Floats (1998) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015061510/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/162470/Hope-Floats/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1998
|''[[Making Sandwiches]]''
|{{sort|Club|Melba Club}}
|Short film;&lt;br/&gt;Also producer, director, and screenwriter
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/266350/Making-Sandwiches/details |title=Making Sandwiches (1998) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055921/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/266350/Making-Sandwiches/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1998
|''[[Practical Magic]]''
|{{sort|Owens|Sally Owens}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Levy |first=Emanuel |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/practical-magic-2-1200455534/ |title=Review: ‘Practical Magic’ |work=Variety  |date=October 14, 1998 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222014059/http://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/practical-magic-2-1200455534/ |archivedate=December 22, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1998
|''{{sort|Prince|[[The Prince of Egypt]]}}''
|[[Miriam]]&lt;br&gt;(voice)
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Turan |first=Kenneth |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/dec/18/entertainment/ca-55112 |title='Egypt': The Newest Testament |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 18, 1998 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024041403/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/dec/18/entertainment/ca-55112 |archivedate=October 24, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1999
|''[[Forces of Nature (1999 film)|Forces of Nature]]''
|{{sort|Lewis|Sarah Lewis}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Leydon |first=Joe |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/forces-of-nature-1200457002/ |title=Review: ‘Forces of Nature’ |work=Variety  |date=March 14, 1999 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904182546/http://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/forces-of-nature-1200457002/ |archivedate=September 4, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2000
|''[[Gun Shy (2000 film)|Gun Shy]]''
|{{sort|Tipp|Judy Tipp}}
|Also producer and executive album producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181896/Gun-Shy/cast |title=Gun Shy (2000) - Acting Credits |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015042657/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181896/Gun-Shy/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181896/Gun-Shy/credits |title=Gun Shy (2000)- Production Credits |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055918/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181896/Gun-Shy/credits |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2000
|''[[28 Days (film)|28 Days]]''
|{{sort|Cummings|Gwen Cummings}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/28-days-2000 |title=28 Days |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=April 14, 2000 |accessdate=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816140912/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/28-days-2000 |archivedate=August 16, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2000
|''[[Miss Congeniality (film)|Miss Congeniality]]''
|{{sort|Hart|Gracie Hart}}
|Also producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Scott |first=A. O. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E3D91F39F931A15751C1A9669C8B63 |title=Operation Ugly Duckling: Fighting Terrorism in Heels |work=The New York Times  |date=December 22, 2000 |accessdate=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015051330/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E3D91F39F931A15751C1A9669C8B63 |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2002
|''[[Murder by Numbers]]''
|{{sort|Mayweather|Det. Cassie Mayweather}}
|Also executive producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2002/04/18/review-of-murder-by-numbers |title=Review of Murder by Numbers |publisher=[[IGN]] |date=April 18, 2002 |accessdate=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022080615/http://www.ign.com/articles/2002/04/18/review-of-murder-by-numbers |archivedate=October 22, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2002
|''[[Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (film)|Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood]]''
|{{sort|Walker|Siddalee Walker}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/260292/Divine-Secrets-of-the-Ya-Ya-Sisterhood/cast |title=Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002) - Acting Credits |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015042648/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/260292/Divine-Secrets-of-the-Ya-Ya-Sisterhood/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2002
|''[[Two Weeks Notice]]''
|{{sort|Kelson|Lucy Kelson}}
|Also producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/271086/Two-Weeks-Notice/details |title=Two Weeks Notice (2002) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055926/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/271086/Two-Weeks-Notice/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2004
|''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]''
|{{sort|Cabot|Jean Cabot}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/301205/Crash/cast |title=Crash |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=August 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055936/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/301205/Crash/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2005
|''[[Loverboy (2005 film)|Loverboy]]''
|{{sort|Harker|Mrs. Harker}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/296829/Loverboy/cast |title=Loverboy (2004) - Acting Credits |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055939/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/296829/Loverboy/cast |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2005
|''[[Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous]]''
|{{sort|Hart|Gracie Hart}}
|Also producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304987/Miss-Congeniality-2-Armed-and-Fabulous/details |title=Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055923/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304987/Miss-Congeniality-2-Armed-and-Fabulous/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2006
|''{{sort|Lake|[[The Lake House (film)|The Lake House]]}}''
|{{sort|Forster|Dr. Kate Forster}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/323690/The-Lake-House/details |title=The Lake House (2006) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015052851/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/323690/The-Lake-House/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2006
|''[[Infamous (film)|Infamous]]''
|{{sort|Lee|[[Harper Lee]]}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/infamous-2006 |title=Infamous |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=October 12, 2006 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830180041/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/infamous-2006 |archivedate=August 30, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2007
|''[[Premonition (2007 film)|Premonition]]''
|{{sort|Hanson|Linda Hanson}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Lane |first=Anthony |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/03/26/loves-lost?currentPage=1 |title=Loves Lost |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=March 26, 2007 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022105928/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/03/26/loves-lost?currentPage=1 |archivedate=October 22, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2009
|''{{sort|Proposal|[[The Proposal (2009 film)|The Proposal]]}}''
|{{sort|Tate|Margaret Tate}}
|Also executive producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/445868/The-Proposal/details |title=The Proposal (2009) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015051327/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/445868/The-Proposal/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2009
|''[[All About Steve]]''
|{{sort|Horowitz|Mary Horowitz}}
|Also producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/405564/All-About-Steve/details |title=All About Steve (2009) |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055929/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/405564/All-About-Steve/details |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2009
|''{{sort|Blind|[[The Blind Side (film)|The Blind Side]]}}''
|{{sort|Tuohy|[[Leigh Anne Tuohy]]}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Scott |first=A. O. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/movies/20blindside.html |title=Michael Oher Streamrolls Over Life's Obstacles |work=The New York Times  |date=November 9, 2009 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316074837/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/movies/20blindside.html |archivedate=March 16, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2011
|''[[Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (film)|Extremely Loud &amp; Incredibly Close]]''
|{{sort|Schell|Linda Schell}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Sharkey |first=Betsy |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/23/entertainment/la-et-extremely-loud-20111223 |title='Extremely Loud &amp; Incredibly Close' review: Eloquence in loss |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 23, 2011 |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024041657/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/23/entertainment/la-et-extremely-loud-20111223 |archivedate=October 24, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2013
|''{{sort|Heat|[[The Heat (film)|The Heat]]}}''
|{{sort|Ashburn|Special Agent Sarah Ashburn}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Papamichael |first=Stella |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/r7w2y/the-heat |title=The Heat |work=Radio Times  |accessdate=September 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014043629/http://www.radiotimes.com/film/r7w2y/the-heat |archivedate=October 14, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2013
|''[[Gravity (2013 film)|Gravity]]''
|{{sort|Stone|Dr. Ryan Stone}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Scott |first=A. O. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/04/movies/gravity-stars-sandra-bullock-and-george-clooney.html |title=‘Gravity’ Stars George Clooney and Sandra Bullock |work=The New York Times  |date=October 3, 2013 |accessdate=August 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615045709/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/04/movies/gravity-stars-sandra-bullock-and-george-clooney.html |archivedate=June 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2013
|''{{sort|Prime|[[The Prime Ministers: The Pioneers]]}}''
|{{sort|Meir|[[Golda Meir]]}}&lt;br&gt;(voice)
|[[Documentary film]]
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Leydon |first=Joe |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-prime-ministers-the-pioneers-review-1200799898/ |title=Film Review: 'The Prime Ministers: The Pioneers' |work=Variety  |date=November 5, 2013 |accessdate=September 11, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217112606/http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-prime-ministers-the-pioneers-review-1200799898/ |archivedate=December 17, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2015
|''[[Minions (film)|Minions]]''
|{{sort|Overkill|Scarlet Overkill}}&lt;br&gt;(voice)
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/minions/review/803142 |title='Minions': Film Review |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]  |date=June 18, 2015 |accessdate=June 24, 2015 |last=van Hoeij |first=Boyd |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624161345/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/minions/review/803142 |archivedate=June 24, 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2015
|''[[Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film)|Our Brand Is Crisis]]''
|{{sort|Bodine|&quot;Calamity&quot; Jane Bodine}}
|Also executive producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/brand-is-crisis/review/820885 |title='Our Brand Is Crisis': TIFF Review |work=The Hollywood Reporter  |date=September 11, 2015 |accessdate=September 14, 2015 |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914224555/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/brand-is-crisis/review/820885 |archivedate=September 14, 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot;|2018
|''[[Ocean's 8]]''
|{{sort|Ocean|Debbie Ocean}}
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Perry |first1=Spencer |title=First Photos from the Set of Ocean's 8! - ComingSoon.net |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/779605-first-photos-from-the-set-of-oceans-8#/slide/1 |accessdate=October 25, 2016 |work=ComingSoon.net |date=October 25, 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026234553/http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/779605-first-photos-from-the-set-of-oceans-8 |archivedate=October 26, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2018
|''[[Bird Box (film)|Bird Box]]''
|{{sortname|Malorie|Hayes|nolink=1}}
|Also executive producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/machine-gun-kelly-sandra-bullock-bird-box-1202609016/|title=Machine Gun Kelly Joins Sandra Bullock in Thriller 'Bird Box'|work=Variety|date=November 7, 2017|accessdate=February 7, 2018|last=Kroll|first=Justin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;|TBA {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been release}}
|''[[Untitled Nora Fingscheidt project]]'' 
| Ruth Slater
| Filming; Also producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/sandra-bullock-netflix-movie-life-after-prison-1203391834/|title=Sandra Bullock Returning to Netflix for Post-Incarceration Movie|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=November 4, 2019|accessdate=February 1, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--do ''not'' put films that are 'in pre-production' or 'in development' per WP:CRYSTAL--&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Key
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

==Television==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Year
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Title
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Role(s)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
!scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!scope=row|1989
|''[[Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman]]''
|{{sort|Mason|Kate Mason}}
| [[Television film]]
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/9472/Sandra-Bullock/biography |title=Sandra Bullock&amp;nbsp;— Biography |work=The New York Times  |accessdate=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055932/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/9472/Sandra-Bullock/biography |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1989
|''Starting from Scratch''
|{{sort|Webster|Barbara Webster}}
|Episode:&quot;Confidence Game&quot;
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/84/Sandra-Bullock.html |title=Sandra Bullock Biography |publisher=Advameg |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022105149/http://www.filmreference.com/film/84/Sandra-Bullock.html |archivedate=October 22, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1989
|''{{sort|Preppie|[[The Preppie Murder]]}}''
|Stacy
|Television film
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-preppie-murder-v39053/cast-crew |title=The Preppie Murder (1989) |publisher=AllMovie |accessdate=August 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716124618/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-preppie-murder-v39053/cast-crew |archivedate=July 16, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1990
|''[[Working Girl (TV series)|Working Girl]]''
|{{sort|McGill|Tess McGill}}
|12 episodes
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/working-girl/cast/205598 |title=Working Girl Cast and Details |work=[[TV Guide]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |accessdate=August 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025108/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/working-girl/cast/205598 |archivedate=March 4, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|1990
|''[[Lucky Chances]]''
|{{sort|Santangelo|Maria Santangelo}}
|[[Miniseries]]
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=BioUK&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/sandra-bullock.html |title=Sandra Bullock Biography |publisher=[[Fyi (TV network)|Fyi]] |accessdate=September 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022145849/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/sandra-bullock.html |archivedate=October 22, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=row|2002−2004
|''[[George Lopez (TV series)|George Lopez]]''
|{{sortname|Accident|Amy|nolink=1}}
|3 episodes;&lt;br&gt;Also executive producer
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/george-lopez/cast/100172 |title=George Lopez Cast and Details |work=TV Guide |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=August 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013083155/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/george-lopez/cast/100172 |archivedate=October 13, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Navarro |first=Mireya |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/27/arts/life-so-sad-he-had-be-funny-george-lopez-mines-rich-vein-gloom-with-all-latino.html |title=A Life So Sad He Had to Be Funny; George Lopez Mines a Rich Vein of Gloom With an All-Latino Sitcom |work=The New York Times  |date=November 27, 2002 |accessdate=September 15, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008143645/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/27/arts/life-so-sad-he-had-be-funny-george-lopez-mines-rich-vein-gloom-with-all-latino.html |archivedate=October 8, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Hilingon man ==
{{Portal|Film}}
* [[Lista kan mga gawad asin nominasyon na nakua ni Sandra Bullock]]

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
* {{Rotten-tomatoes-person|sandra_bullock|Sandra Bullock}}
* {{IMDb name|113|Sandra Bullock}}
* {{TCMdb name|24984|Sandra Bullock}}</text>
      <sha1>29dcwzccg82x73vg8rr3sepj3ynb7s5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagbanga (matematika)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310493</id>
      <parentid>209993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2955" sha1="f95rn9znadwhxayzfulc7kgqae2s8l0" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Divide20by4.svg|thumb|289x289px|20 / 4 = 5, tampok an mga mansanas. Pigtataram ini bilang &quot;Duwampulo pigbanga sa apat iyo minatao nin lima.&quot;]]

An '''pagbanga''' o '''dibisyon''' ([[Ingles]]: ''division'') iyo saro sa apat na basehang operasyon kan [[aritmetika]], an paagi kun sain an mga [[numero]] iyo pigsasalak para makahimo nin bagong numero. An ibang mga operasyon iyo an [[pagdugang]], [[pag-ina]], asin [[Pagpadakul (matematika)|pagpadakul]]. An senyal na pagbanga  {{char|÷}}, simbolo na pigbibilog nin halipot na pahigda na linya kaiba an mga tuldok sa ibabaw asin irarom, iyo harus nagagamit sa pagsambit kan matematikong dibisyon. An paggamit na ini, maski ngani iyo lakop sa mga ''anglophone'' na nasyon, iyo dae unibersal o pigrerekomenda: an istandardong ISO 80000-2 para sa matematikong notasyon iyo pigrerekomenda sana an ''solidus'' {{char|/}} o ''fraction bar'' para sa dibisyon, o an colon para sa [[rasyo]]; pigsasabi kaini na an simbolong, {{char|÷}}, &quot;dae dapat gamiton&quot; para sa dibisyon.&lt;ref&gt;ISO 80000-2, Section 9 &quot;Operations&quot;, 2-9.6&lt;/ref&gt;

An dibisyon kaiba an tada (''remainder'') o Euclideyanong dibisyon kan duwang natural na numero iyo minatao kan sarong integer na ''quotient'', na iyo an bilang nin beses an ikaduwang numero iyo kompletong nailaog sa enot na numero, sagkod an ''remainder'', na iyo an parte kan enot na numero na natada.

Para sa modipikasyon kan dibisyong ini para magtao nin sarong resulta sana, an mga natural na numero dapat mapahiwas pasiring sa rasyonal na numero (an mga numero na pwedeng makua gamit an aritmetika sa mga natural na numero) o tunay na numero. Sa pinahiwas na sistemang numero na ini, an dibisyon iyo an kabaliktadang operasyon kan multiplikasyon, kun sain an {{math|''a'' {{=}} ''c'' / ''b''}} may kahulugan na {{math|''a'' × ''b'' {{=}} ''c''}}, basta an {{math|''b''}} iyo bakong zero. Kun an {{math|1=''b'' = 0}}, ini iyo magigin dibisyon sa zero, na iyo daeng depinisyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics|url=https://archive.org/details/primeobsessionbe0000john|last1=Derbyshire|first1=John|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-452-28525-5|location=New York City}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category|Division (mathematics)|Pagbanga (matematika)}}
* [https://planetmath.org/division Planetmath division]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416010325/http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/abacus/pages.htm#Division1 Division on a Japanese abacus] napili gikan sa [http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/abacus/ Abacus: Mystery of the Bead]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150503005432/http://webhome.idirect.com/%7Etotton/suanpan/sh_div/ Chinese Short Division Techniques on a Suan Pan]
* [http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/arithmetic.html#div Rules of divisibility]

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Elementary arithmetic}}
{{matematika-tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Aritmetika]]</text>
      <sha1>f95rn9znadwhxayzfulc7kgqae2s8l0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brinda Somaya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310485</id>
      <parentid>258815</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T19:54:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7544" sha1="rplyorlu027xalqtxbr7emmn1fc9j07" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name                  = Brinda Somaya
| image                 = Brinda Somaya.jpg
| image_size            = &lt;!-- if image is smaller than 250px --&gt;
| alt                   = 
| caption               = Brinda Somaya drawing
| birth_name            = &lt;!-- only use if different than name --&gt;
| birth_date            =  {{Birth date and age|1949|6|28|df=yes}} 
| birth_place           = 
| death_date            = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}
                               (death date then birth date) --&gt;
| death_place           = 
| other_names           = 
| nationality           = Indiyano
| alma_mater            =  Smith College, &lt;br&gt; Mumbai University
| spouse                = 
| partner               = 
| children              = 
| parents               = 
| awards                = 
| practice              = Somaya and Kalappa Consultants Pvt Ltd
| significant_buildings = 
| significant_projects  = 
| significant_design    = 
| signature             = 
| website               = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
}}
Si '''Brinda Somaya''' (namundag 28 Hunyo 1949) sarong Indiyanong arkitekto asin urban conservationist.&lt;ref name=&quot;mgsarchitecture&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Brinda|first1=Somaya|url=http://mgsarchitecture.in/architects/456-ar-brinda-chinnappa-somaya-somaya-and-kalappa-consultants|website=Modern Green Structures and Architecture|publisher=NBM Media|accessdate=13 July 2015|title=Ar. Brinda Chinnappa Somaya, Somaya and Kalappa Consultants}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaamayi kan buhay asin edukasyon ==
Si Somaya namundag kan 28 Hunyo 1949 ki  K.M Chinnappa asin Ganavati Chinnappa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Brinda Somaya : works &amp; continuities : an architectural monograph|url=https://archive.org/details/brindasomayawork0000unse|last=Somaya, Brinda|others=Parikh, Ruturaj,, Sampat, Nandini Somaya,, Hecar Foundation,, Somaya and Kalappa Consultants Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=9789385360237|location=Ahmedabad, India|oclc=1030040587|year = 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| editor-last = Ruggles| editor-first = D. Fairchild |editor-link=D. Fairchild Ruggles| title = Woman's Eye, Woman's Hand: Making Art and Architecture in Modern India| publisher = Zubaan| date = 2014| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kUqoDAAAQBAJ| isbn = 9789383074785| chapter= Brinda Somaya, Mumbai}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangan siya nagbali sa programang syensia kan [[Cathedral and John Connon School|Cathedral &amp; John Connon School]]. Si Somaya ginana kan 1966 an prestihiyosong [[AFS Intercultural Programs|American Field Service International Scholarship]] na maadal sa [[Estados Unidos]] ([[North Carolina]]). Dangsn siya nagkainteres na magkua nin arkitektura.&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;/&gt; Kan  1967, siya nagbalik sa Indiya asin tinapos an saiyang [[Bachelor of Architecture]] sa [[Sir J.J. School of Architecture]] sa [[Mumbai]], na natapos niya kan 1971. Si Somaya pinili na magbalik sa Amerika asin siya nag'entra sa [[Smith College]] sa [[Northampton, Massachusetts]], kun saen siya naggradwar kan 1973 bitbit an [[Master of Arts|Masters of Arts degree]]. Dangan kaidto nagkua siya nin halipot na kurso sa pagdedesenyo sa [[Cornell University]] kan 1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Women architects and modernism in India: narratives and contemporary practices|last=Desai, Madhavi, 1951- author.|isbn=9780367177430|oclc=1099865120|date = 17 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga gawad asin onra ==

* 2004, the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage award para sa paghirahay kan [[St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai|St. Thomas' Cathedral]] sa Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-life/Restored-pride/article20056235.ece|title=Restored pride|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006, Leading European Architects Forum award, nanggana huli sa trabaho sa bagong Nalanda Schools Campus sa Baroda&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indian-architects.com/en/somaya-and-kalappa-mumbai|title=Somaya &amp; Kalappa - Mumbai, India - Architects -|website=Indian-Architects|language=en|access-date=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;
* 2007, the [[Wienerberger Golden Architect Award]] bilang pinakaenot na babae na arkitekto sa saiayng mga n aginibohan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;
* 2008, the Vassilis Sgoutas Prize para sa pagpakaray kan Bhadi Village.&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mgsarchitecture.in/architecture-design/architects-interior-designers/456-ar-brinda-chinnappa-somaya-somaya-and-kalappa-consultants|title=Ar. Brinda Chinnappa Somaya, Somaya and Kalappa Consultants|website=www.mgsarchitecture.in|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009, ginawadan siya kan AYA JK Cement Award for Indian State Architecture para sa trabaho niya kan Jubilee Church sa Navi, Mumbai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aya-jkcement.com/index.php/archive/aya-13|title=13th JK AYA - AYA JK Cement|website=www.aya-jkcement.com|access-date=2019-11-25|archive-date=2019-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123031044/http://aya-jkcement.com/index.php/archive/aya-13|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Indian Institute of Architects]]' Kitply Award for Conservation for the [[Cathedral and John Connon School|Cathedral and John Connon Middle School]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-09-10/personal-finance/27459081_1_creamy-layer-public-spaces-art-galleries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013225936/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-09-10/personal-finance/27459081_1_creamy-layer-public-spaces-art-galleries|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-13|title=Beyond the creamy layer - timesofindia-economictimes|date=2015-10-13|access-date=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2013, siya napili bilang saro sa &quot;100 GLOBAL PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN&quot; na persona na yaon sa tahaw nin pagsibot sa intersection nin desenyo asin  serbisyo sa kinaban.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;
* 2012, siya kagresibihe kan honorary doctorate naghahale sa saiyang [[alma mater]], Smith College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.insideoutside.in/inside-outside/issue-magazine/1471/brinda-somaya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713130255/http://www.insideoutside.in/inside-outside/issue-magazine/1471/brinda-somaya|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-07-13|title=Brinda Somaya : Inside Outside Magazine|date=2015-07-13|access-date=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2014, siya nagawaran kan [[Indian Institute of Architects]] – nin Baburao Mhatre Gold Medal para sa kahamanan nin buhay. 
* 2015, siya tina'wan onra komo Distinggidong Propesor kan Indian Education Society's College of Architecture, Mumbai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot; /&gt;
* 2017 siya nakakua nin honourable mention sa paggawad kan Arcasia Awards para sa paghirahay asin preserbasyon kan Rajabai Clock Tower asin kan University library building, Mumbai. 
* 2017, iginawad saiya an Grohe NDTV Design and Architecture Award para sa Outstanding Industry Contribution&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot; /&gt;
* 2019, an Somaya and Kalappa Consultants ginana an kompetisyon para sa Paghirahay asin Pagpagayon kan historikong mga Louis Kahn Buildings kan Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad kan 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;
* Siya nanombrahan na [[Andrew Dickson White]] Professor-at-Large sa [[Cornell University]] poon 2017 abot 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu/2017/08/15/brinda-somaya/|title=Brinda Somaya {{!}} Andrew D. White Professors-at-Large|language=en|access-date=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==

{{reflist}}
{{Tamboan}}

[[Kategorya: Mga babaeng Indiyanong arkitekto]]</text>
      <sha1>rplyorlu027xalqtxbr7emmn1fc9j07</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Murusot</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45476</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310492</id>
      <parentid>263600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1271" sha1="kb3xnm1rq5qre20bfwuje0tee72gc0o" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Albrecht_Dürer_-_Bildnis_eines_unbekannten_Mannes.jpg|thumb|Sa saiyang ika-16 na siglo na portrait kan dai mamidbidan na lalaki, si [[Albrecht Dürer]] poderosong nadakop an sarong personalidad sa paagi kan [[ekspresyon nin lalawgon]], [[tataramon na panghawak]], asin gubing. Gibo: ''Bildnis eines unbekannten Mannes'' (1521)]]
An '''murusot''' o '''kurisong''' (o sinasabi man, na &quot;murusarot&quot;) iyo an [[ekspresyon nin lalawgon]] na kun saen an [[kiray]] nagsasabatan, asin an angog kurulubot, parating naghahayag nin [[pagkasuya]], [[kamunduan]] o [[paghadit]], o minsan [[karibongan]] o [[Attentional control|concentration]]. An hitsura kan pagmurusot nagkakalaen sa kada kultura.

==Paglaladawan==
Ilinadawan ni [[Charles Darwin]] an pangenot na akto nin pagmurusot bilang sarong pagsabatan kan mga kiray na nagpapangyari sa pag-itaas kan pang-itaas na labi asin an pag-ikot paibaba kan kanto kan nguso.&lt;ref name=Darwin1872&gt;{{cite book|last=Darwin|first=Charles R.|title=The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals|year=1872|publisher=John Murray|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/india.history.resource.85465/page/148 148]–152|title-link=The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>kb3xnm1rq5qre20bfwuje0tee72gc0o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lady Marmalade</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46756</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310491</id>
      <parentid>308938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:16:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2963" sha1="do40xtbsjcayk5y8nzn4zz6uqjy0eej" xml:space="preserve">&quot;L
[[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]]
ady Marmalad&quot;


An &quot;'''Lady Marmalade'''&quot; sarong kanta na ipigsurat ni Bob Crewe asin Kenny Nolan, orihinal para sa grupong disko nin Nulang. Pamoso ang kanta nin huli sa otrong koro nin &quot;Vo[[wiktionary:voulez-vous coucher avec moi|''ulez-vous coucher avec moi''?]]&quot; sa Pranses bilang parte kan korno, sarong sekswal na linya na nagtatradusir sa Ingles arog kan: &quot;Gusto mong magturog kaiba ako?&quot; An awit enot naguin popular na kanta kan ini pigrekord kan 1974 kan grupong pang'aking gapo kan mga Amerikano na si Labelle asin kapot an numero unong lugar sa Billboard Hot 100 chart para sa sarong semana, asin man sa pigbungsod nasyonal na tsart sa Canaman. Kan 2021, napili kan Library of Congress an bersyon ni Labelle para sa pagpalagda sa National Recording Registry huli sa pagiging &quot;kultural, historikal, o artistikong kahulogan&quot;.

An awit na ini dakul nang bersyon nin manlaen laen na cover sa nag'aging mga taon. Kan 1998, an grupong All Saints nagpaluwas nin bersyon kan kanta na pinakahalangkaw sa bilang uno sa Uk Singles Chart. An 2001 na bersyon kan mga parakanta na sinda Christina Aguilera, Mya, Pink asin rapper Lil' Kim, na nakatala para sa Mo''ulin Rouge!'' soundtrack, sarong numero-uno na nagtama sa Billboard Hot 100 nin limang semana, asin bilang man ngane kan UK. Lady Marmade&quot; an ikasiyam na kanta na uminabot sa ika-enot na kanta kan duwang magkaibang gibo nin musika sa Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;bronson 2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Billboard Book of Number One Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn0000bron_f8a3|last=Fred|first=Bronson|publisher=Billboard Books|year=2003|isbn=0-8230-7677-6|edition=5th|pages=[https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn0000bron_f8a3/page/399 399], 913}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isinurat an rawitdawit ni Bob Crewe asin Kenny Nolan pakatapos kan pagbisita ni Crewe sa New Orleans. Sarong demo kan kantang ini iyo an pigrekord kan The Eleventh Hour, sarong grupo nin disco na kompuwesto nin mga musikero sa studio na inarte ni Nolan on vocals. Idinagdag ini sa 1974 bilang kanta sa Eleventh Hour's Greatest Hits, kaso dai nakaabot sa tsarto &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hj0fAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA120|title=Who Did It First?: Great Pop Cover Songs and Their Original Artists|last=Leszczak|first=Bob|date=March 13, 2014|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3068-2|page=120}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Pinahiling ni Crewe an kanta sa prodyuser na si Allen Toussaint sa New Orleans, asin nagdesisyon sinda Tousainst na irekord an kanta kaiba si Labelle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Billboard Book of Number One Rhythm &amp; Blues Hits|url=https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn0000whit|last=White|first=Adam|last2=Fred Bronson|publisher=Billboard Books|year=1993|pages=[https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn0000whit/page/n179 156]–157}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>do40xtbsjcayk5y8nzn4zz6uqjy0eej</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tamales</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50416</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310497</id>
      <parentid>309066</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T22:05:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3780" sha1="p3nunn8m4854u3k74v3i5xe51hllykd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| name = Tamales
| image = Tamale Oaxaqueño.jpg
| caption = Wrapped and unwrapped {{lang|es|tamales oaxaqueños}} (from [[Oaxaca]], Mexico) filled with {{lang|es|[[Mole sauce|mole negro]]}} and chicken
| alternate_name = 
| country = [[Guatemala]] and [[Mexico]]
| region = [[Mesoamerica]]
| creator = 
| course = Main course
| main_ingredient = Corn ([[maize]]) [[masa]], [[Banana leaf|banana leaves]], [[corn husks]]
| variations = [[Corunda]], [[guajolota]], [[uchepos]], [[zacahuil]]
| similar_dish = [[Humita]]s, [[pamonha]], [[hallaca]]
| other = 
}}

{{Cleanup lang|article|date=November 2021}}

An '''tamales''', sa [[Spanish language|Espanyol]] {{Lang|es|'''tamal'''}}, iyo an tradisyonal na [[Mesoamerika]]ng giso gibo sa ''[[masa]]'', ginalpong na [[maize|mais]], na pinaglugo' sa patos nin ubak-mais o dahon-batag.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Tamales |url=https://archive.org/details/tamales0000hoye |last=Daniel |first=Hoyer |date=2008 |publisher=Gibbs Smith |isbn=9781423603191 |edition=1st |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |oclc=199465927}}&lt;/ref&gt; An pinatosan pwede man gamiton alabes plato sa pagkakan. An tamales sinosokan nin mga karne, [[keso]], prutas, mga gulay-gulay, rekado saka sili, o anoman na pagka'andam sunod sa panamit asin an sinuksok asin sarsa pwedeng dugangan pa nin ibang sangkap.

== Ginikanan ==
An tamales naggikan sa [[Mesoamerika]] kaamayi nin 8000 abot 5000 BC.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

An pagluto nin tamales pwede nagpoon sa mga katutubong kultura sa [[Mesoamerika]] asin naglakop na sana sa kahiwasan kan Amerika. Susog sa mga arkeologong sinda [[Karl Taube]], [[William Saturno]], asin [[David Stuart (Mayanista)|David Stuart]], an tamales pwedeng pinepetsa sa mga 100 AD. Sinda nakadukay nin mga paglaladawan sa [[San Bartolo (sityo Maya)|Mural nin San Bartolo]], sa Petén, Guatemala.&lt;ref&gt;William A. Saturno, Karl A. Taube and David Stuart 2005 The Murals of San Bartolo, El Peten, Guatemala, Part 1: The North Wall. Ancient America, Number 7. Center for Ancient American Studies, Barnardsville, NC.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Binaki (Steamed Corn Cake) 1.jpg|right|thumb|260px|Mahamis na tamales sa Bukidnon, Filipinas]]

Sa [[Aztec]] asin [[sibilisasyon nin Maya|Maya]]ng sibilisasyon, asin sa kulturang [[Olmec]] saka [[Toltec]] bago igdi, an tamales daro-dara parati bilang balon sa mga pag'aayam sa kadlagan asin pagkakan kan saindang mga hokbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An tamales hiniling man na pagkakan na sagrado ta ini pagkakan nin mga diyos-diyosan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coen |first=Kristina |title=Iconic Cuisine: Tamales of the Maya |url=https://historicalmx.org/items/show/154 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=HistoricalMX |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604161951/https://historicalmx.org/items/show/154 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga Aztec, Maya, Olmec, asin Toltec bilang mga tribu konsiderado an mais bilang sentral sa saindang identidad kultural, kundangan an tamales nagpapapel na sentral na gayo sa saindang mga seremonya asin mga piyesta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Tamales, comadres and the meaning of civilization : secrets, recipes, history, anecdotes, and a lot of fun|url=https://archive.org/details/tamalescomadresm0000unse|date=2011|publisher=Wings Press|last1=Clark|first1=Ellen Riojas|last2=Tafolla|first2=Carmen|isbn=9781609401344|location=San Antonio, TX|oclc=714645014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==

{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Categories: American cuisineAncient dishesBelizean cuisineChristmas foodCuban cuisineColombian cuisineCuisine of the Southwestern United StatesDominican Republic cuisineDumplingsGuamanian cuisineGuatemalan cuisineHonduran cuisineLatin American cuisineMaize dishesMesoamerican cuisineMexican cuisineNicaraguan cuisineFilipino cuisinePork dishes</text>
      <sha1>p3nunn8m4854u3k74v3i5xe51hllykd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sang Thong</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310496</id>
      <parentid>309004</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T22:04:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25071" sha1="i2j1sdksetml0m3tiozs58iwpuegym7" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:รูปหล่อเงาะป่าและตัวละครจากวรรณคดีเรื่อง_&quot;สังข์ทอง&quot;.jpg|thumb|Eskultura na naglaladawan kan Prinsipe na nakadisgusto bilang Chao Ngo, sa [[King Rama II Memorial Park]]]]
An '''Sang Thong''' (  'bulawan na konko'), ''An Prinsipe kan Bulawan na Konko'' &lt;ref&gt;Brandon, James R. Review of Asian Theatre: A Review of Current Scholarship, by Leonard C. Pronko, Lois Wheeler Snow, Colin Mackerras, Chung-wen Shih, Roger B. Bailey, Wu Han, C. C. Huang, et al. In: ''Educational Theatre Journal'' 28, no. 3 (1976): 428. https://doi.org/10.2307/3206443.&lt;/ref&gt; o ''Phra Sang Thong'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tales from Old Siam|last=Urquhart|first=W. A. M.|date=1963|publisher=Progress Publishing Company|pages=73–85}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong osipon kan Sur-subangan na Asya na inspirasyon gikan sa [[Paññāsa Jātaka]], an librong ini nin kadunungan sarong kanonikal na koleksyon nin mga suanoy na osipon na isinaysay sa Thailand. Sa [[Tailandya|Thai]] na bersyon kaini, ini nag-eestorya kan sarong prinsipe na nagkaigwa nin bulawan na lalawgon, nagsulot nin disguise, naagom nin sarong prinsesa asin ilinigtas an kahadean kan saiyang panugangan na lalaki. &lt;ref&gt;Thanapol (Lamduan) Chadchaidee. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=41h-1fNjTx8C&amp;dq=%22phra+sang+thong%22&amp;pg=PA175 Fascinating Folktales of Thailand]''. BangkokBooks, 2011. pp. 165-177.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sumaryo ==
Si Hadeng Yotsawimon igwa nin duwang agom, an enot an pangaran Chantathevi, an ikaduwa Suwanchampa. Nag-aki siya nin sarong kuhol. An saiyang ikaduwang agom nagkunsabo na palayason an saiyang karibal asin an saiyang aking lalaki sa palasyo.

An ina asin aking lalaki pinalayas sa kahadean asin nagpaili sa sarong gurang nang mag-agom. An saiyang ina binabari an saiyang kuhol. Naghale siya asin inako nin sarong higante. Sarong aldaw, naglukso siya sa sarong bulawan na bubon asin an saiyang hawak nagkaigwa nin bulawan na itsura. Kinua niya an mga kayamanan kan higante: sarong maskara, sarong padis nin sapatos na naglalayog asin sarong kutsilyo na may duwang tarom. Nagsagin-sagin siya nin &quot;sarong pangit na maskara&quot; asin inaapod an saiyang sadiri na Chao Ngo. (sa ibang istorya, an maskara sinasabing kan mga tawong Ngor o sarong [[Negrito]], asin siya ilinaladawan na may itom na kublit). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dievoelkerdesoe04bastgoog/page/n366/mode/1up|title=Die Völker des östlichen Asien|last=Bastian|first=Adolf|date=1868|publisher=Hermann Costenoble|volume=4|location=Jena|pages=350–352|author-link=Adolf Bastian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Brandon, James R. ''Theatre in Southeast Asia''. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1974 [1967]. p. 100. {{ISBN|0-674-87587-7}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Porath, Nathan. &quot;Developing Indigenous Communities into Sakais: South Thailand and Riau&quot;. In: ''Tribal Communities in the Malay World: Historical, Cultural and Social Perspectives''. Edited by Geoffrey Benjamin and Cynthia Chou. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2002. p. 102. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812306104-006&lt;/ref&gt;

(Sa saro pang bersyon na Thai, an prinsipe nakadulag dara an mga kayamanan hale sa saiyang inampon na ina, na an pangaran Panturat, na nagadan huli sa sarong pusong nabari). &lt;ref&gt;Brandon, James R. ''Theatre in Southeast Asia''. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1974 [1967]. p. 100. {{ISBN|0-674-87587-7}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

An saiyang sunod na pag-ontok iyo an Kahadean nin Samon, na pinamamahalaan ni Thao Samon, kun saen siya nag-abot sa panahon nin sarong pagpili nin mga paraagom kan ikapitong aking babae ni Hadeng Samon, na an pangaran Rodjana (Nang Rochana). Sa panahon kan pagpili, siya dapat na mag-apon nin sarong garland nin mga burak sa saiyang paraagom. Si Chao Ngo yaon duman sa tahaw kan kadaklan. Nahihiling siya ni Nang Rochana sa paagi kan pagsagin-sagin, alagad an gabos na iba pa nahihiling siya bilang sarong pangit na tawo. Itinapok niya saiya an garland nin mga burak, na minamarka kan saiyang pagpili nin agom. Pinalayas kan hade an saiyang aking babae pagkatapos kan saindang kasal sa sarong harong sa oma nin paroy. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Giles|first=Francis Henry|author-link=:th:พระยาอินทรมนตรีศรีจันทรกุมาร (ฟรานซิส เฮนรี ไจลส์)|title=Some gleanings of manners and customs of the Chinese people as revealed in historical narratives and novels|journal=[[Journal of the Siam Society]]|volume=20|issue=3|date=1926–1927|page=234-235|url=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/JSS_020_3b_PhyaIndraMontri_MannersAndCustomsOfChinesePeople.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tanganing baloon an kakayahan kan saiyang pitong manugang na lalaki, hinagad nia sa sainda na mag-ayam nin sarong usa sa kagurangan. An mga bayaw nagsakay pasiring sa kagubatan, mantang si Sang Thong hinahale an saiyang disgusto, ipinapahiling an saiyang bulawan na kublit asin inaakit an lambang usa sa saiyang sadiri. Nahiling kan mga bayaw ni Sang Thong na an misteryosong lalaking may bulawan na kublit igwa nin mga layas na hayop sa palibot niya, asin hinagad saiya na maghiras nin nagkapira sa sainda. Nag-oyon si Sang Thong na tugutan an saiyang mga bayaw na magkaigwa nin nagkapira sa mga hayop, karibay kan saindang pagputol nin sarong pidaso kan saindang mga talinga. Sunod, pinagbotan sinda kan hade na magdara sa saiya nin sanggatos na sira. An mga bayaw nagduman tanganing magdakop nin mga sira para sa saindang hade. Si Sang Thong, sa saiyang bulawan na itsura, inapod an gabos na sira hale sa salog, asin an saiyang mga bayaw na lalaki nagsabat saiya asin naghagad nin nagkapira sa saiyang nadakop. Arog kan dati, nag-oyon si Sang Thong na pabayaan sindang magkaigwa kan mga sira, basta putolon ninda an sarong parte kan saindang dungo.

Sa katapusan, inaagyat [[Indra|ni Indra]] an Kahadean nin Samon. Si Prinsipe Sangthong naghale kan saiyang pagsaginsagin, nagkua kan saiyang tunay na porma asin dinaog si Indra sa sarong kawat. Minidbid siya kan hade nin Samon bilang saiyang manugang na lalaki asin itinao saiya an kahadean. &lt;ref&gt;Thitathan, Siraporn. “Different Family Roles, Different Interpretations of Thai Folktales”. In: ''Asian Folklore Studies'' 48, no. 1 (1989): 11-12. https://doi.org/10.2307/1178531.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Bhirasri, Silpa; Thailand. Krom Sinlapākō̜n. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H4AeAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22phra+sang+thong%22 The Origin and Evolution of Thai Murals: Edifices containing murals. Catalogue of murals in the Silpakorn Gallery]''. Fine Arts Department, 1959. pp. 22, 36.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Leksukhum, Santi. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CMHqAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22prince+of+the+golden+conch%22 Temples of Gold: Seven Centuries of Thai Buddhist Paintings]''. George Braziller, 2000. p. 249. {{ISBN|9780807614761}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa sarong epilogo kan istorya, an saiyang tunay na ina nagduman sa Kahadean nin Samon, na ngonyan pinamamahalaan ni Sang Thong, asin nagtatrabaho bilang paraluto. Isinurat niya an saindang pinagsararong kasaysayan sa sarong kalabasa asin namidbid kan hade an saiyang ina. &lt;ref&gt;Boisselier, Jean. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lgMlAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22prince+of+the+golden+conch%22 Thai Painting]''. Translated by Janet Seligman. Kodansha International, 1976. p. 170. {{ISBN|9780870112805}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sang Tong or The Golden Conch&quot;. In: Coombs, Andrew. ''Folktales from the land of smiles''. Bangkok, Thailand: Editions Duang Kamol; Distributors, Book Wholesales House (Thailand), 1994. pp. 63-78.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sang Tong as the Ngok Baa&quot;. In: Coombs, Andrew. ''Folktales from the land of smiles''. Bangkok, Thailand: Editions Duang Kamol; Distributors, Book Wholesales House (Thailand), 1994. pp. 79-98.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pag-uswag ==
An pinakaenot na nasusurat na bersyon kan osipon minalataw bilang an ''Suvarna-Sangkha Jataka'' story sa [[Paññāsa Jātaka]], sarong bakong kanonikal na koleksyon nin mga istorya kan mga nakaaging buhay ni [[Siddhartha Gautama|Buddha]] ( [[jataka tales]] ) na isinurat sa [[Pali language|Pali]] asin tinipon kan mga ika-15-16 na siglo sa [[Chiang Mai|Chiang Main]], ngonian sa [[Northern Thailand|Thailand]] . Bago kaidto, an istorya posibleng parte kan [[Oral tradition|berbal na tradisyon]] sa mga lugar kan presenteng Thailand asin sa mga kataraid na nasyon kaini. &lt;ref name=&quot;Yousof&quot;&gt;Yousof, Ghulam Sarwar. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8GdWCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22prince+of+the+golden+conch%22&amp;pg=PA16 Traditional Malay Theatre]''. PTS Publications &amp; Distributors Sdn Bhd, 2016. p. 16. {{ISBN|9789670685717}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Foley|first=Kathy|title=Staging 'Raja Tangkai Hati' at Istana Budaya: Modernizing Malaysian 'Mak Yong'|volume=29|date=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference|first=Suvanna|last=Kriengkraipetch|chapter=Woman-Warriors: Dual images in modern Thai literature|title=Significant Others: Gender and Culture in Film and Literature, East and West: Selected Conference Papers|editor1=William E. Burgwinkle|editor2=Glenn Man|editor3=Valerie Wayne|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|date=1993|page=44 (footnote nr. 12)|quote=''Sang Thong'' was a work of dramatic literature written by King Rama II. The origin of this story is the jataka tale called ''Suwannasang Chadok'', which is believed to be a folktale well-known among the people in Southeast Asia.|isbn=9780824815646}}&lt;/ref&gt; An osipon pig-adaptar sa ''[[lakhon nok]]'' play format, asin an mga yaon pang mga pidaso na may petsa kan huring [[Ayutthaya period|panahon kan Ayutthaya]] (huring ika-17 siglo – 1767) aram. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dance, drama, and theatre in Thailand: the process of development and modernization|url=https://archive.org/details/dancedramatheatr0000matt|last=Rutnin|first=Mattani Mojdara|date=1996|publisher=Silkworm Books|location=Chiang Mai, Thailand|page=[https://archive.org/details/dancedramatheatr0000matt/page/45 45]|quote=The most popular ''lakhon nok'' plays of the Ayudhaya period were ''Manohra and Phra Suthon'', ''Khawi'', ''Maniphichai'', ''Sangthong'', ''Sangsinchai'', ''Suwannahong'', and ''Chaiyachet''.}}&lt;/ref&gt; An pinakamidbid na nakasurat na bersyon iyo idtong ''lakhon nok'' na inaatribwir ki Hadeng [[Rama II]] . &lt;ref&gt;Reynolds, C. J. (2003). &quot;Review article: Tai-land and its others [Review of Civility and Savagery: Social Identity in Tai States, by A. Turton]&quot;. In: ''South East Asia Research'', 11(1): 119. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23750097&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Prapatthong, Songsri. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jNiRAiDqTAMC&amp;q=%22phra+sangthong%22 Heritage of Thai Culture]''. Fine Arts Department, 1993. p. 253. {{ISBN|9789744250049}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

An osipon padagos na nagkakaigwa nin popularidad sa Thailand, na saro sa mga pinakamidbid na osipon asin sarong pangenot na halimbawa kan genre nin mga istoryang ''[[chak chak wong wong]]'' . &lt;ref&gt;Thitathan, Siraporn. “Different Family Roles, Different Interpretations of Thai Folktales”. In: ''Asian Folklore Studies'' 48, no. 1 (1989): 11. https://doi.org/10.2307/1178531.&lt;/ref&gt; Ini minalataw sa manlaen-laen na porma nin media, piglaladawan sa mga mural ni [[Wat Phra Singh]] sa Chiang Mai, &lt;ref&gt;Bhirasri, Silpa; Thailand. Krom Sinlapākō̜n. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H4AeAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22phra+sang+thong%22 The Origin and Evolution of Thai Murals: Edifices containing murals. Catalogue of murals in the Silpakorn Gallery]''. Fine Arts Department, 1959. pp. 19, 22, 36.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ringis, Rita. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BG_qAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22prince+of+the+golden+conch%22 Thai Temples and Temple Murals]''. Oxford University Press, 1990. pp. 117-118. {{ISBN|9780195889338}}.&lt;/ref&gt; asin pig-adaptar para sa manlaen-laen na modernong literatura asin popular na media. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The tale of Sang Thong|url=http://ich.culture.go.th/index.php/en/ich/folk-literature/252-folk/218-the-tale-of-sang-thong|website=Intangible Cultural Heritage|publisher=Ministry of Culture|access-date=1 October 2021|language=en|date=2010|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001135319/http://ich.culture.go.th/index.php/en/ich/folk-literature/252-folk/218-the-tale-of-sang-thong|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikalat ==
An mga pagkakaiba kan osipon makukua sa mga kataraid na nasyon kan Thailand sa [[Habagatan-subangan na Asya|Sur-subangan na Asya]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Foley|first1=Kathy|first2=Sabzali Musa|last2=Kahn|title=Staging 'Raja Tangkai Hati' at Istana Budaya: Modernizing Malaysian 'Mak Yong'|journal=Asian Theatre Journal|volume=29|issue=2|date=2012|page=432|doi=10.1353/atj.2012.0043|jstor=23359522}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Theatre in Southeast Asia|last=Brandon|first=James R.|date=1974|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=0-674-87587-7|location=Cambridge, Mass.|page=23|orig-year=1967}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Yousof|first=Ghulam Sarwar|title=The Ancient Malay Dance Theatre|journal=Asian Studies|volume=20|date=1982|page=112|url=https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-20-1982/yousof.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;Susog ki James R. Brandon, si Fern Ingersoll nakanompong nin kadakol na mga pagtratar sa literatura kan osipon ni ''Sang Thong'' sa bilog na rehiyon na ini. &lt;ref&gt;Brandon, James R. Review of Asian Theatre: A Review of Current Scholarship, by Leonard C. Pronko, Lois Wheeler Snow, Colin Mackerras, Chung-wen Shih, Roger B. Bailey, Wu Han, C. C. Huang, et al. Educational Theatre Journal 28, no. 3 (1976): 428. https://doi.org/10.2307/3206443.&lt;/ref&gt;

Si J. Leyden asin si Kapitan [[James Low (East India Company officer)|James Low]] nasambitan an pag-eksister nin sarong Indo-Chinese (Siamese) na osipon na may titulong &quot;Hǒi-sang&quot; (&quot;An Prinsipe sa Sarong Conch Shell&quot;), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6yRsrUpWpcC&amp;dq=%22hoi+sang%22+shell&amp;pg=PA124|title=Thai Art and Culture: Historic Manuscripts from Western Collections|last=Ginsburg|first=Henry|date=2000|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|isbn=978-0-8248-2367-2|page=124}}&lt;/ref&gt; kun saen an bida sarong prinsipe na namundag sa sarong [[Turbinella pyrum|chank-shell]], na pinabayaan sa kagubatan asin ilinigtas kan mga [[Nāga]], na tinawan kan The ādas asin Devaswal, sarong goldenship asin Devas nagduduman sa mga pakikipagsapalaran. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Miscellaneous Papers Relating to Indo-China|last=Leyden|first=J.|date=1886|volume=I|page=145|chapter=On the Languages and Literature of the Indo-Chinese Nations|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwsYAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=%22hoi+sang%22+chinda&amp;pg=PA145}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Low|first=J.|date=1839|title=On Siamese literature|journal=Asiatic Researches|volume=23|page=349|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYRFAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=%22hae+sang%22+shell&amp;pg=PA349}}&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki Leyden, an istorya kabali sa &quot;pinakapopular [Cheritras] sa mga T'hay&quot;, na igwa nin &quot;parehong mga istorya asin pangyayari&quot; na presente sa mga tawong Rukhéng, Barma asin Malayu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Miscellaneous Papers Relating to Indo-China|last=Leyden|first=J.|date=1886|volume=I|page=144 (nr. 35)|chapter=On the Languages and Literature of the Indo-Chinese Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Burma ===
Sa saro pang bersyon kan osipon, na may titulong ''The Snail Prince'' asin hale sa [[Myanmar|Burma]], an reyna nangaki nin sarong kuhol, na nakatakot sa saiyang agom. Pinagbotan niya an reyna na ibaba sa sarong hababang istasyon asin iapon an kuhol sa salog. An kuhol ilinigtas nin sarong ogress (o ogress queen) asin nagin sarong tawong aking lalaki. Kan siya magin sarong hoben, an ogress tinatawan siya nin sarong kapa na nagpapagin sarong hunchback saiya, tanganing itago an saiyang itsura; sarong mahika na sungkod asin ipinadara siya sa sarong kahadean nin tawo. Nagtatrabaho siya bilang paraataman nin baka sa siyudad. Kun an pinakanguhod na aking babae kan hade kan siudad na ini gustong mag-agom, sia nag-aapon nin sarong garlanda nin mga burak na nahuhulog sa ngonyan tawo nang prinsipe nin kuhol. Nag-agom sinda. An saiyang panugangan na lalaki nagtao nin trabaho para sa saiyang mga manugang na lalaki, asin an hoben na nakakulong nakagibo kaiyan. Ipinahayag niya an saiyang tunay na itsura bilang sarong bulawan na prinsipe asin nagsalihid sa saiyang panugangan na lalaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6fQSAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22phra+sang+thong%22|title=Folk Tales from Kammu|last=Swahn|first=Jan-Öjvind|last2=Lindell|first2=Kristina|date=1989|publisher=[[Curzon Press]]|isbn=9780700702145|volume=4|page=25|author-link=:sv:Jan-Öjvind Swahn}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQ_3tjgM8LcC&amp;dq=%22the+snail+prince%22&amp;pg=PA158|title=Narrative Structures in Burmese Folk Tales|last=Lwin|first=Soe Marlar|date=2010|publisher=[[Cambria Press]]|isbn=9781621968658|location=Amherst, New York|pages=157–158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mga taga Palaung ===
Sa sarong osipon kan Burma gikan sa [[Palaung people|mga taga-Palaung]], &quot;Принц-улитка&quot; (&quot;Principe-Kuhol&quot;), an sarong hade igwa nin pitong reyna. Sarong banggi, an enot na reyna nagkaigwa nin pambihirang pangaturugan na saiyang pig-interpretar bilang sarong senyales na madali na siyang mabados. Pakalihis nin siyam na bulan, nangaki siya nin sarong kuhol. Itinapok kan hade an shell sa tubig, asin an salog inanod ini pasiring sa harayong mga gilid. Sarong gurang na mag-agom na daing aki an nakakua kan shell asin dinara ini sa harong. An sarong hobenes minaluwas sa shell, ginigibo an mga trabaho asin minabalik diyan, pagkatapos na magtrabaho an mag-agom. Nadiskobre kan gurang na lalaki an hoben asin inampon siya. Sarong aldaw, an hoben na kuhol nakanompong nin mga tada nin tawo sa irarom kan harong kan mag-agom, asin nakadulag sa paagi nin paggamit nin sarong padis nin mahiwason na sapatos na pagsasadiri kan mag-agom. Naglayog siya pasiring sa sarong harayong kahadean. Nagsulot siya nin pagsaginsagin bilang sarong dukha asin nagduman sa sarong selebrasyon, kun saen an prinsesa nagtitindog sa sarong itinogdok na plataporma kun saen siya mag-aapon nin mga garland nin burak sa saiyang magigin agom. Sarong garland an nahulog sa liog ni Prinsipe-Kuhol asin inagom niya an prinsesa, alagad, kan mahiling an mamondong kamugtakan kan hoben, an mga tawo naherak saiya. An prinsesa asin an saiyang agom nagbalyo sa sarong payag sa luwas kan banwaan, kun saen sinda nagtatrabaho nin maigot. Sarong aldaw, hinale kan prinsipeng kuhol an pagsagin-sagin kan pobreng lalaki asin ipinahiling an saiyang tunay na pagkatawo sa harong kan prinsesa, na dai siya namidbid. Pigprobaran niya ini sa paagi nin pagsabi na, kun siya sarong prinsesa, dapat siyang ipares sa sarong hoben na arog niya. Alagad, an prinsesa nagsayuma saiya sa pagsabi na siya may agom na. Kontento sa bagay na an prinsesa maimbod asin maimbod, an prinsipe nin kuhol naghayag kan saiyang sadiri saiya, asin sinda nag-istar na magkaibanan. Sa katapusan kan osipon, naaraman kan hade an tunay na porma kan saiyang manugang na lalaki asin nominado siya bilang saiyang tagapagmana. &lt;ref&gt;Сказки народов Бирмы [Fairy tales of the Peoples of Burma]. Перевод с бирманского. Составление В. Б. Касевича и Ю. М. Осипова. Примечания В. Б. Касевича. Предисловие Д. В. Деопика. М., Главная редакция восточной литературы издательства «Наука», 1976. pp. 312-316, 577 (tale nr. 137). (In Russian)&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa saro pang osipon sa Palaung, na tinipon kan antropologong [[Mrs. Leslie Milne|si Mrs. Leslie Milne]] na may titulong ''The White Water-Snail'' ( [[Palaung language|Palaung]] : ''Hō-i k'āū'' ), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luNNAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22the+white+water-snail%22|title=An elementary Palaung grammar|last=Milne|first=Leslie|date=1921|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|pages=146–187}}&lt;/ref&gt; an reyna nangaki nin sarong kuhol sa tubig asin itinapok sa sarong salog sakay sa sarong baroto. Enot siyang nagduong sa kahadean kan Naga, kun saen sinda ilinigtas kan reyna kan dragon, alagad pinalayas giraray sinda kan saiyang agom, an hade kan dragon. An reyna nin tawo nagduman sa daga nin mga demonyo, kun saen an sarong babaeng demonyo kinua asin pinadakula an ogbon na kuhol sa tubig, na nagin hoben na tawo pakalihis nin pitong bulan. An (ngonyan tawo) na aking kuhol nadiskubre an mga tulang kan mga biktima kan saiyang inampon na ina, nagkua nin mga gubing hale sa saiyang bodega, naghabon nin nagkapirang elemento nin naturalesa sa saiyang hardin (tubig, kalayo asin doros) asin naglayog pasiring sa kahadean nin Chambanagō. Sa kahadean na ini, an namamayo igwa nin solong aking babae, sarong magayon na prinsesa, na kadakol na mga prinsipe an nagduman sa korte. An hade nagdesisyon na magtogdok nin sarong halangkaw na torre asin ibugtak duman an saiyang aking babae, dangan magtipon nin sarong kadaklan nin mga parahagad tanganing siya mag-apon nin sarong hood (sarong turbante, sa ibang traduksiyon) sa saiyang piniling parahagad, imbes na sarong garland. An tawong kuhol na lalaki nag-ayon sa pagtiripon, alagad, huli sa saiyang hamot, pinalayas niya an mga tawo. An prinsesa nagsabi nin pamibi asin itinapok an hood, na nahulog sa snail boy. An hade naanggot sa saiyang pagpili, alagad an prinsesa pigkokonsiderar ining saiyang karma, asin pinalayas sa luwas kan banwaan kaiba an saiyang hamak na agom. Sa kadukhaan, an aking kuhol nagtogdok nin sarong payag na gibo sa [[Palm leaves|mga dahon nin palma]] bilang saindang harong, asin giniyahan an prinsesa pasiring sa sarong natatagong kababan nin mga hiyas asin bulawan. Nag-apod sinda nin sarong &quot;kagurangnan kan mga kariton&quot; tanganing darahon an bulawan asin mahalagang mga hiyas pasiring sa siyudad, kun saen nagkua sinda nin mga surugoon tanganing magtogdok sainda nin sarong palasyo. Pagkatapos na maitugdok an saindang bagong harong, an aking lalaki na kuhol naghagad sa saiyang agom na mag-abante asin imbitaran an saiyang mga magurang sa saindang harong, mantang siya nagdadanay duman huli sa kasusupgan. Pagkatapos na maghale an prinsesa, an aking lalaki na kuhol nagbago kan saiyang sadiri sa sarong guwapo na tawo na may magagayon na gubing, arog kan sarong &quot;kagurangnan nin mga espiritu&quot;, na dai namidbid kan prinsesa kan siya magbalik kaiba an hade asin reyna. Ipinapahiling kan kagurangnan kan mga espiritu sa prinsesa an dyaket na ogress na hinabon niya sa saiyang inampon na ina asin pinatunayan na siya an hamak na aking kuhol. An mga takot kan prinsesa nawara asin binendisyonan kan saiyang mga magurang an saindang pag-agom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Studies in Japanese Folklore|last=Matsumoto|first=Nobuhiro|date=1963|publisher=Indiana University Press|editor-last=Dorson|editor-first=Richard|location=Bloomington|pages=157–158|chapter=Japanese Metalworkers: A Possible Source for their Legends|author-link=:ja:松本信廣}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The legend and cult of Upagupta: Sanskrit Buddhism in north India and Southeast Asia|url=https://archive.org/details/legendcultofupag0000stro|last=Strong|first=John S.|date=1992|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|location=Princeton, N.J.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/legendcultofupag0000stro/page/224 224]–225|author-link=John S. Strong}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}

== Dugang na pagbasa ==

* Kuo, William. ''[https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28909/1/10673093.pdf Sang Thǫng: Sarong Pag-aadal sa mga Paagi nin Komposisyon na may Sarong Ingles na Traduksiyon kan Rama II na Teksto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422051722/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28909/1/10673093.pdf |date=2025-04-22 }}'' . School of Oriental and African Studies, Unibersidad kan London, 1976. Tesis sa Doktor.
* Rama II; Ingersoll, Fern S.; Sukhphun, Bunson. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QRfQAgAAQBAJ Sang thong sarong bayle-drama gikan sa Thailand]'' . Rutland, Vt., CE Tuttle Co. [1973]
* Saeng-Arunchalaemsuk, Suprawee (2018). “พระสังข์ : การผจญภัยของีรบุรุษ (Phra Sang: An Paglakbay kan Bayani)”. Sa: วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์ละสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี (Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019): 185-206. https://e-journal.sru.ac.th/index.php/jhsc/article/view/889 . (Sa Thai)
* Watcharaporn Distapan (2002). ''An klase nin osipon na Sang Thong: An popularidad asin reproduksyon kaini'' . Tesis kan Master's of Arts. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (Sa Thai)

== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
[https://vajirayana.org/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87 บทละครนอกเรื่องสังข์ทอง], bilog na teksto kan edisyon ni King Rama II sa Vajariyana Digital Library</text>
      <sha1>i2j1sdksetml0m3tiozs58iwpuegym7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Madame Saqui</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310483</id>
      <parentid>309297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T19:04:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30416" sha1="6z5rak71dteie83ema0ywch26q7tpau" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Paralakaw tightrope na Pranses (1786–1866)}}
{{Infobox tawo
|name=Madame Saqui
|image=Madame Saqui.jpg
|caption=Madame Saqui habang nagtatampok
|birth_name=Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne
|birth_date={{Birth date|1786|02|26|df=y}}|
birth_place=[[Agde]], Hérault
|death_date={{Death date and age|1866|02|21|1786|02|26|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]
|occupation=[[paralakaw sa tightrope]]
}}

Si '''Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne''' [maʁɡəʁit ɑ̃twanɛt lalan], na midbid bilang '''Madame Saqui''' (26 Pebrero 1786 – 21 Pebrero 1866) sarong Pranses na paralakaw sa tightrope o &quot;parabayle sa lubid&quot; na nagkaigwa nin halawig na karera sa pagtampok sa Pransya asin Britanya.

== Amay na buhay ==
Si Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne namundag kan 26 Pebrero 1786 sa Agde, Hérault, sa timog kan Pransya. An saiyang mga magurang iyo si Jean-Baptiste Lalanne asin Hélène Masgomieri, parehong mga paratampok sa sirko, an saiyang ama sa pangaran na ''The Great Navarin'' asin an saiyang ina na ''La Vierge Noire''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Denis |first=Dominique |date=24 March 2018 |title=Lalanne : une grande famille de cirque |url=https://www.circus-parade.com/2018/03/24/lalanne-une-grande-famille-de-cirque/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Circus Parade |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igwa siyang matuang tugang na lalaki na si Laurent asin sarong nguhod na tugang na lalaki na si Baptiste.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Denis |first=Dominique |date=20 March 2017 |title=Madame Saqui, une vie sur la corde |url=https://www.circus-parade.com/2017/03/20/madame-saqui-vie-corde/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Circus Parade |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kinua kan mga aki an apelyido kan saindang ama dawa ngani dai pa kasal an saindang mga magurang kan panahon na idto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2020 |title=Madame Saqui: Picture Book Illustration Process |url=https://www.myblankpaper.com/blog/2020/3/21/madame-saqui-revolutionary-rope-dancer-illustration-process |access-date=26 January 2025 |website=Rebecca Green Illustration |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ward |first=Steve |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/947814359 |title=Sawdust sisterhood: how circus empowered women |date=2016 |publisher=Fonthill Media |isbn=978-1-78155-530-9 |location=Stroud, England |oclc=947814359}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An pamilya nagbalyo sa Paris kun saen an saiyang mga magurang nagtampok kaiba an [[:fr:Grands_Danseurs_du_Roi|Grands Danseurs du Roi]], sarong grupo nin mga de kalidad na aktor, mga parabayle sa lubid, mga akrobata asin mga artista na nag-espesyalisar sa farce, na nag-ooperar sa irarom nin sarong titulong hadenon na itinao ni Hadeng Louis XV. Kan 1789, an tropa nagkua kan mas maingat na pangaran na Théâtre de la Gaîté et des Grands Danseurs kasunod kan pagpoon kan Rebolusyon Pranses. Kan 1791, an limang taon na si Marguerite-Antoinette naggibo kan saiyang debut sa entablado na nagtampok kaiba an saiyang mga magurang sa irarom kan pangaran na 'la petite Basquaise'. An kontrata ni Jean-Baptiste Lalanne kinanselar dai nahaloy pagkatapos ni Jean-Baptiste Nicolet, an lider kan tropa pagkatapos na si Lalanne nagkaigwa nin grabeng pagkahulog na nakaapektar sa saiyang kakayahan na magganap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

An Paris nagigin sarong masakit asin bakong ligtas na lugar huli sa Rebolusyon, asin masakit para sa mga irido na paratampok na makahanap nin trabaho. An pamilya ni Lalanne naghale sa Paris kan Setyembre 1792 pasiring sa mas ligtas na mga lugar sa kabukidan. Nag-istar sinda sa Caen kun saen si Jean-Baptiste asin Laurent nagtitinda nin mga posyon asin nagbubutong nin ngipon asin an hoben na si Marguerite-Antoinette nag-aprentis sa Mlle Cornu tanganing makanuod kun pano maggibo asin magbugtak nin mga bonnet na lace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Si Charlotte Corday asin an saiyang lola na si Madame de Bretteville mga parokyano sa tindahan asin nagkaigwa nin dakulang pagkabigla kan an bareta nakaabot sa sainda na si Corday an nag-asasinar ki Jean-Paul Marat kan Hulyo 1793.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Pagdiskubre giraray kan kinaban nin akrobatika ==
An negosyo ni Jean-Baptiste Lalanne nagkaigwa nin problema sa Caen, kaya ibinalyo nia an pamilya sa Tours. Duman an pamilya nagkasararo giraray sa sarong lumang amigo gikan sa kinaban nin akrobatika na inaapod Barraut, na nagpapadalagan nin sarong tropa na inaapod ''Saleurs Patriotes''. Si Marguerite-Antoinette nakipag-amigo sa saro sa mga paratampok na kaedad niya, si Françoise-Catherine Bénéfand, na nagtampok sa pangaran na [[:fr:Mademoiselle_Malaga|&lt;abbr&gt;Mademoiselle&lt;/abbr&gt; Malaga]]. Dai niya malingawan an saiyang mga enot na eksperyensya sa entablado asin patago na nagkua nin mga leksyon sa akrobatika ki Barraut. An saiyang enot na pagtampok, sa irarom kan pangaran na Mademoiselle Ninette, ginibo sa sarong magayon na gubing na dekorado nin kadakol na trikolor na mga lasong pula, puti asin asul nin patriyotikong Republikanong Pranses.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Lisa |title=Madame Saqui: Revolutionary Rope Dancer |url=https://archive.org/details/madamesaquirevol0000robi |last2=Green |first2=Rebecca |year=2020 |isbn=9780525579977}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saiyang mga magurang yaon sa mga nagdadangog alagad mayo sindang ideya na siya an nagtatampok asin sa primero napangalas. Marikas sindang nag-uyon pagkatapos kan saiyang trayumpo asin nagdesisyon na magmukna nin sadiring grupo, na nakasentro sa ina asin aking babaeng si Lalanne, kaiba an ibang mga paratampok.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Sa laog nin apat na taon, an grupo naglilibot sa Pransya na may manlaen-laen na trayumpo alagad natapos kan sinda maipasarado. An pamilya dangan nag'ayon sa tropa nin Houssay kun saen si Marguerite-Antoinette nagtatrabaho sa irarom kan pangaran na Mademoiselle Forzioso, asin pinauswag an saiyang mga kakayahan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Namidbid ni Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne an lider kan akrobatikong grupo na si Jean-Julien-Pierre Saqui sa Épinal,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sapere.it |title=Saqui, Marguerite Antoinette su Enciclopedia |url=https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Saqui,+Marguerite+Antoinette.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130143740/https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Saqui,+Marguerite+Antoinette.html |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=26 January 2025 |website=sapere.it |language=it |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt; asin sinda nagpakasal sa Tours kan 1805, si Marguerite-Antoinette nagin Madame Saqui. Kan 1806, an mag-agom nagbalyo sa Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Karera bilang Madame Saqui ==
[[Ladawan:Descent_of_Madame_Saqui,_surrounded_by_fireworks_1822_NYC_Libraries_collection.jpg|thumb| Si Madame Saqui na nakasulot nin halipot na tunika asin pantalon, nagdadalagan sa sarong lubid na napapalibutan nin mga paputok. Nadalagan sya sa ibabaw kan sarong dakulang katiripnan sa ibaba.]]
[[Ladawan:Théâtre_des_Délassements-Comiques.jpg|thumb| An Théâtre des Délassements comiques, dating Théâtre de Madame Saqui]]
Si Madame Saqui nagsurat ki M. Daneux, direktor kan le Jardin de Tivoli na hardin nin sanggaya, na naghahanap nin lugar na pwedeng magtampok sa kabisera. Tinawan niya ini nin pagkakataon asin sa pag-abot kan mag-agom na Saqui sa Paris, nag-atender sinda sa sarong patampok kan bantog na Forioso sa Tivoli. Durante kan pagtampok na idto, si Forioso nadulas asin natumba, na nalugadan an saiyang sadiri sagkod na dai na siya nakatampok. Si Madame Saqui nag-alok na maglaog asin magtampok na saiyang salida asin si Daneux, pagkatapos nin pirang pag-alangan, nag-ako. Kan sunod na aldaw, idinikit an mga poster, ipinaisi an debut ni Madame Saqui sa Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Si Madame Saqui siring sa bagyo, naglawod sa Paris. Saro sa saiyang mga pambihirang pampublikong gibo iyo an pag-tightroping sa ibong kan Salog Seine sa Pont-Royal, na naggagamit nin duwang bandera bilang balanse, na nakasulot nin uniporme nin suldados. Kan ika-15 nin Agosto, para sa pampublikong selebrasyon kan aldaw nin kapiyestahan kan Asuncion ni Maria, sarong lubid an pig-unat sa Seine, na nagin posible huli sa mga pag-uswag sa teknolohiya sa paggibo nin mas halawig na mga lubid na mayong mga splice, na ginibo para sa hukbong-dagat ni Napoleon. Nagbutwa si Madame Saqui sa lubid, nakasulot nin helmet. Nagkunwari siyang nag-ilig para sa dramatikong epekto dangan itinapok an saiyang helmet asin hinuba an saiyang buhok, na nagsasagin-sagin na siya magsisirom nin payo sa salog. An mga tawo nag-ungal kan saindang pag-uyon asin siya nagin sarong paboritong paratampok kan mga armadong pwersa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

An saiyang pagtampok sa tightrope pinahalagahan na marhay kan dai pa sana nahahaloy na ibugtak na [[Emperador kan Pranses]], [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Nagkamidbidan sinda kan si Napoleon nagpasaminlag nin sarong selebrasyon para sa nagkapira sa saiyang mga soldados sa mga hardin kan Beaujon. Nalangkag siya sa mga palabas alagad kan nahiling niya si Madame Saqui sa saiyang paglaog sa lubid kan an wadding gikan sa saro sa mga paputok na kaiba kan saiyang pag-abot tumama saiya nin makusog sa toong takyag. Nagkurahaw siya nin kulog asin haros matumba, alagad naghigda sa lubid, na kapot ini gamit an saiyang ibong na kamot.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Si Napoleon nagdalagan tanganing tabangan siya asin dinutaan an saiyang nalugadan na takyag, na nagin dahelan kan saiyang pagngurot alagad habo niyang palampason an saiyang oportunidad na magtampok para saiya asin nagsulot nin propesyonal na ngirit asin nagsakat sa lubid tanganing ibalik an saiyang ginigibo. Pigprobaran ni Napoleon na pugulan siya alagad nagsimbag si Saqui &quot;Manoy, an Saimong Kamahalan dai nanggad magkakaigwa nin ideya na ipagbawal an saiyang mga granada na mag-atake... Ini an sakuyang pagsalakay, an sakuyang pagsalakay!&quot; na nakapagpahanga saiya nin labi-labi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Si Napoleon nag-iba saiya pabalik sa saiyang kwarto, na tinatahoban an saiyang mga abaga nin sarong shawl asin siya nagin sarong regular na paratampok para saiya sa mga okasyon militar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Si Saqui naitala sa pagtao nin mga patampok sa tightrope na naglaladawan kan pagbalyo sa Mont Saint-Bernard, an Labanan sa Wagram asin an Pagkahulog kan Zaragoza durante kan Gera Peninsular (parehong nakipaglaban kan 1809).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Nagtampok siya sa kasal kan Emperador asin [[Marie Louise, Dukesa kan Parma]], asin nagpoon na gamiton an titulong &quot;enot na akrobata sa Saiyang Kamahalan an Emperador&quot;. Ipinapinta niya an duwang payo na agila imperyal sa saiyang karwahe na dai naghagad nin permiso, na nakapadisganar ki Napoleon. Si Saqui inabisuhan sa paagi kan Ministro kan Pulisya na maghale sa Paris pasiring sa mga probinsya huli sa pagkadisganar na ini. Ginibo niya ini alagad naanggot asin nagpondo sa paggibo kan saiyang mga akto na nag-oomaw sa saiyang mga kapangganahan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; 

Si Madame Saqui nagpoon na magbiyahe pasiring sa mga probinsya, kun saen siya nakanompong nin pagtrayumpo. Nagtampok siya sa Rouen kan 1810 asin 1811, sa Nîmes kan 1812, sa Rouen giraray kan 1813, dangan sa Lille, Valenciennes, Ghent asin Brussels kan 1814. Sa Liège kan amay na parte kan 1815 na nahiling an enot na pangyayari kan saiyang pagganap bilang 'an pinakaenot na tightrope artist kan Saiyang Mahal na Hadeng Louis XVIII, direktor kan mga kapiyestahan asin pagsakat kan Gobyerno', kasunod kan pagbalik kan monarkiya sa Pransya kan 1814 sa irarom kan Bourbon Restoration.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

[[Ladawan:Cham_-_Charivari_-_V6d331-c.png|thumb| Sarong satirical cartoon ni Cham na may kapsyon na &quot;Si Madame Saqui an responsable sa pagbugtak kan mga surbeyor sa lambang saro sa laog kan operasyon nin triangulasyon&quot; kan paghirahay ni Haussmann sa Paris.]]
[[Ladawan:Madame_Saqui_in_later_life_dressed_as_a_pilgrim_with_a_fake_beard.jpg|thumb| Si Madame Saqui sa huring parte kan saiyang buhay nakagubing bilang sarong pilgrim na may pekeng barbas, na nagtatampok sa sarong tightrope]]
Kan 31 Marso 1814 an mga tropa ni Alexander I Tsar kan Rusya naglaog sa Paris kasunod kan Labanan sa Paris (1814) asin sinakop an kabisera kan Pransya. Si Pietr Klavdievich Moussine-Pouchkine sarong kapitan kan mga tropang Rusong Cossack na nakadestino sa Paris. Namidbid asin nagpoon siya nin relasyon ki Marguerite Saqui, na nagin dalan kan pagkamundag ni Ekaterina Petrovna Moussine-Pouchkine sa Paris kan ika-20 Enero 1816. An pangyayari pina-alo kan pamilya Moussine-Pouchkine, asin si Madame Saqui tinawan nin bastanteng danyos bilang kabayadan sa sarong panuga na dai na maghihingoang mahiling giraray an saiyang aking babae. Si Ekaterina Petrovna dinara sa Rusya asin pinadakula kaiba an saiyang mga pinsan, na sa kahurihurihi nagin Prinsesa Troubetzkoy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2011 |title=Catherine, princesse à San Michele – I |url=https://oliaklodvenitiens.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/catherine-notre-princesse-de-san-michele/ |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Olia i Klod |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An katapusan kan mga Gerang Napoleoniko nagbukas kan mga linderos kan Britanya para sa mga paratampok na Pranses. Kan Abril 1816 si Madame Saqui nagtampok sa Covent Garden Theatre, &quot;nagbaba sa sarong tightrope na nakaunat sa sarong bakilid sa ibabaw kan auditorium&quot;. Ini an nagin bantog saiya sa Britanya asin an saiyang pagganap pigdrowing ni George Cruikshank sa ''A Wonderfull (sic) Thing from Paris, o, Madame Sacchi Gratifying John Bull's Curiosity''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kasunod kan kapangganahan na ini, siya pigkua tanganing magtampok sa Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens sa laog kan mga parte kan masunod na apat na taon, kun saen siya nagluwas sa irarom kan patronahe kan Prince Regent.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jun 10, 1816, page 3 - The Morning Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/392056505/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Siya sarong popular na paratampok sa saiyang akto kabali an pagdalagan pababa sa sarong nakahilig na lubid, na nakaunat poon sa sarong palo pasiring sa saro sa mga mayor na agihan, sa sarong katiripnan nin mga nagsasabog na paputok.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Sidebotham |first=J |title=Madame Saqui, or Marguerite Antoinette Lalanne (1786–1886) on the tightrope, Covent Garden Theatre. |date=1816 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1136827/madame-saqui-or-marguerite-antoinette-print-j-sidebotham/ |access-date=12 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Grove1900 |wstitle= Vauxhall Gardens |volume= 4.4 | page= 233-234 |last= Husk |first= William Henry |author-link= William Henry Husk |year=1900 |short=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagperform siya kaiba an saiyang tugang na lalaki na si Laurent Lalanne, an saiyang bayaw asin an saiyang agom na si Pierre, alagad si Madame Saqui an mayor na atraksyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jul 11, 1816, page 3 - The Morning Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/396819212/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jul 28, 1816, page 3 - The Morning Post|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/396820480/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aug 11, 1816, page 3 - The Morning Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/392065061/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saiyang enot na gubing na tights sa saiyang kolor kan kublit nagin nakakabigla para sa publiko kan Britanya, kaya nagsulot siya nin mga pantaloon sa irarom kan saiyang spangled na bado asin sarong sombrero na may mga barahibo nin abestrus. Ini an nagpoon nin sarong uso sa moda, na an mga babae nagsusulot nin mga pan-ibabaw na &quot;a la Saqui&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; An saiyang mga pagganap ilinadawan bilang &quot;makangangalas&quot; asin &quot;sangkap na kakaiba&quot; asin bilang tinawan nin &quot;daing sagkod na pag-uyon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jun 14, 1816, page 4 - Jackson's Oxford Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/389064317/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

Si Saqui nakipagtabangan sa pyrotekniko na si Sarah Hengler, na parati midbid bilang Madame Hengler, para sa mga paputok sa saiyang palabas sa Vauxhall Gardens asin iba pang mga pagtampok sa Britanya sa laog nin nagkapirang taon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jun 07, 1820, page 1 - The Morning Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/392059448/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aug 08, 1819, page 1 - The Morning Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/396818660/?match=1&amp;terms=madam%20hengler |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Saqui kan huri nagtampok sa Paris kaiba an aki ni Hengler na si Michael, sarong matrayumpong parabayle sa tightrope.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 June 1852 |title=Le Nouvelliste : quotidien politique, littéraire, industriel et commercial / [gérant : A. Thiboust] |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62624418 |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=Gallica |language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tropa kan pamilya ni Saqui iyo an pangenot na akto sa ekstravaganza sa kumpleanyo kan Prince Regent kaidtong 12 Agosto 1816.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aug 11, 1816, page 2 - The Times  |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/32774041/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Saqui nagtampok man sa Astley's Amphitheatre, ta an laog kan harong kaini nagsierto laban sa pagkadisganar &quot;huli sa karatan kan na panahon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jul 22, 1816, page 5 - The Morning Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/392061789/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sep 09, 1816, page 3 - The Morning Chronicle  |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/392068447/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sep 19, 1816, page 3 - The Morning Post  |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/396824273/?match=1&amp;terms=saqui |access-date=15 February 2025 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kan Disyembre 1816, binakal ni Madame Saqui an Café d'Apollon sa 52 boulevard du Temple sa Paris, asin nginaranan ining Spectacle des Acrobates de Madame Saqui. Siya an kagsadiri kaini sagkod 1832, na an saiyang nguhod na tugang na si Baptiste an nag-akto bilang parapamahala. An kumbinasyon kan saiyang maluyang pamamahala, kaiba an pagputok nin kolera kan 1832 na nagkawsa nin pagkagadan nin 20,000 katawo sa Paris&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rosenberg |first=Charles E. |title=The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866 |url=https://archive.org/details/cholerayearsunit0000rose |date=2010 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-72677-9 |location=Chicago, IL}}&lt;/ref&gt; nagdara sa pagkabangkarote kan teatro asin sa pinansiyal na pagkaraot ni Saqui.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Sa huring buhay asin kagadanan ==
Si Saqui padagos na nagin sarong midbid na paratampok, na naggigibo nin mga bagong palabas tanganing makadungan sa pangangaipo kan mga paradalan. Sa edad na kwarenta y siete, si Saqui nagbalik sa tinampo, nagbiyahe tanganing magtampok sa Berlin, na sinundan nin paglibot sa Espanya asin sa bilog na Pransya. Yaon siya sa bill sa l'Hippodrome sa Paris 1852, na ilinadawan na nagsasakat sa sarong lubid sa saiyang payo&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; asin ilinadawan sa sarong cartoon kan Hunyo kan taon na idto na nagpapahiling saiya sa sarong headstand sa sarong lubid na may kapsyon na &quot;Bagong teknik na imbento ni Mme Saqui para sa pagbanga kan saiyang buhok&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 June 1852 |title=L'Argus : revue théâtrale et journal des comédiens : théâtre, littérature, modes, beaux-arts / M. Salvador, directeur-gérant et rédacteur en chef |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65264377 |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=Gallica |language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Saqui padagos na nagganap nin marhay sagkod sa saiyang setenta anyos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Sa edad na haros setenta, naglakaw siya sa parte kan Champ-de-Mars sa sarong lubid para sa kumpleanyo ni Napoleon III kan 15 Agosto 1853.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Si Saqui nagtampok sa huring pagkakataon sa Hippodrome kan 1862, sa edad na 76.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Nagtunga siya na nakagubing nin sarong peregrino, na may halabang pekeng barbas. Pagkatapos kaini, nagretiro siya sa Neuily, kun saen siya nag-erok sa masakit na kamugtakan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Si Saqui dai daa nahulog sa lubid sa laog nin sarong pagtampok.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=McCormick |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZXEzA5391AC&amp;pg=PA37 |title=Popular Theatres of Nineteenth Century France |date=14 January 2004 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-0-203-16811-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 October 1861 |title=MISCELLANEOUS. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/59790032 |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=Bell's Life in Sydney and Sporting Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagin siyang sarong bantog sa laog nin pirang dekada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tales of a Traveler (unsourced)/Strolling Manager – Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tales_of_a_Traveler_(unsourced)/Strolling_Manager |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saiyang aking si Felix Lalanne nagtampok man bilang sarong paralakaw-lubid asin naglibot sa saiyang akto sa Australia kan mga taon 1850.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gaff |first=Penny |date=15 April 2021 |title=Madam Saqui |url=https://www.pennygaff.com.au/madam-saqui/ |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=PennyGaff |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Saqui nagadan sa saiyang harong sa Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine kan 21 Pebrero 1866. Siya ilinubong sa ika-40ng dibisyon kan Père Lachaise Cemetery.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 January 2022 |title=Cimetière du Père Lachaise – APPL – SAQUI Marguerite Antoinette, née LALANNE (1786–1866) |url=https://www.appl-lachaise.net/saqui-marguerite-antoinette-nee-lalanne-1786-1866/ |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Cimetière du Père Lachaise – APPL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga paglaladawan sa literatura asin arte ==
[[Ladawan:Sépulture_de_Marguerite_Saqui.jpg|thumb| Memoryal ni Marguerite Saqui sa Père Lachaise Cemetery]]
Si Saqui nasambit sa nobelang ''Vanity Fair'' ni William Makepeace Thackeray bilang &quot;Si Madame Saqui madali nang magsakat sa langit sa sarong slack-rope na nagsasakat sa mga bitoon&quot; bilang parte kan aling-alingan sa Vauxhall Gardens.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vanity Fair (Thackeray)/Chapter 6 – Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(Thackeray)/Chapter_6 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sinambit siya ni Balzac sa parehong ''Colonel Chabert''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colonel Chabert – Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Colonel_Chabert |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin ''A Distinguished Provincial at Paris''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Distinguished Provincial at Paris/Part 2/Section 8 – Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Distinguished_Provincial_at_Paris/Part_2/Section_8 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin si [[Victor Hugo]] nagsambit saiya sa Les Misérables.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Les Misérables/Volume 1/Book Third/Chapter 1 – Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables/Volume_1/Book_Third/Chapter_1 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Saqui ilinadawan sa Tales of a Traveler ni Washington Irving bilang &quot;Sarong babae na tataong magbayle sa maluyang lubid, asin magdalagan paitaas sa sarong lubid hale sa entablado pasiring sa galeriya na may mga paputok sa palibot niya. Siya inagaw kan pamamayo na may pagka-avid; siya an nagligtas kan dakulang nasyonal na teatro para sa panahon. Mayo nang pinag-olayan kundi an mga paputok asin kolor-laad na mga pantaloon ni Madam Saqui.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kan 1836 sa Sketches by Boz, si [[Charlies Dickens]] nagigirumdoman an &quot;Si Madame Somebody... na nobleng nagdusay kan saiyang buhay sa paggibo nin mga paputok, parateng nahihiling na nag-aarab-adab sa doros, mantang siya nag-aapod nin sarong pula, asul, o kolor-parti na ilaw tanganing ilawan an saiyang templo!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sketches by Boz/Vauxhall Gardens by day – Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sketches_by_Boz/Vauxhall_Gardens_by_day |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 1853, kan pinunan ni Georges-Eugène Haussmann an saiyang paghirahay kan Paris, na pigsugo kan Pranses na Emperador Napoleon III, an satirikal na parakarikatura na si Cham pigladawan si Madame Saqui sa sarong cartoon sa magasin na Le Charivari. Siya pigdrowing na naglalakaw sa sarong halangkaw na alambre sa pag-ultanan kan mga torre na itinogdok tanganing gibohon an operasyon nin triangulasyon kan mga surbeyor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Cham |title=Cham – Albums du Charivari |date=1853 |pages=309–– |url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cham_-_Albums_du_Charivari/Croquis_contemporains |access-date=20 January 2025 |place=Paris |publisher=Journal le Charivari}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga imahe na naglaladawan ki Madam Saqui na nagtatampok kapot kan V &amp; A,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Alais |first=J |title=Madame Saqui, or Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne (1876–1866) performing on the Tightrope at Vauxhall Gardens, 1820 |date=1820 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1263861/madame-saqui-or-marguerite-antoinette-print-j-alais/ |access-date=12 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Pesme |title=Madame Saqui, or Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne (1876–1866) |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O234347/madame-saqui-or-marguerite-antoinette-photograph-pesme/ |access-date=5 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Kelly |first=Thomas |title=Descent of Madame Saqui, surrounded by Fireworks |date=1822 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O763666/descent-of-madame-saqui-surrounded-print-kelly-thomas/ |access-date=5 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Museo kan London,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madame Saqui the Celebrated Performer on the Rope, at Vauxhall |url=https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-105111/madame-saqui-the-celebrated-performer-on-the-rope-at-vauxhall/ |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=London Museum |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Galerias Nasyonal kan Scotland,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madame Saqui (Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne), 1786 – 1866. Tight-rope walker (' the celebrated Performer on the Rope at Vauxhall') by John Alais {{!}} National Galleries of Scotland |url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/104896 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=nationalgalleries.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Museo Briton,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG161829 | title=Collections Online &amp;#124; British Museum }}&lt;/ref&gt; Royal Collections Trust&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alfred Clarence Alais (active 1883) – Madame Saqui, tight-rope dancer at Vauxhall |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/661164/madame-saqui-tight-rope-dancer-at-vauxhall |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=rct.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin kan Biblioteka Publika kan New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madame Saqui, the celebrated performer on the rope, at Vauxhall |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/815bc8e0-da39-0132-1734-58d385a7b928 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=NYPL Digital Collections |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Descent of Madame Saqui, surrounded by fireworks |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/97264390-da39-0132-d425-58d385a7b928 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=NYPL Digital Collections |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rope dancing |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/bc582cd0-f034-0132-c9f1-58d385a7b928 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=NYPL Digital Collections |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madame Saqui, the celebrated performer on the rope, at Vauxhall |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/6af53e20-da39-0132-c965-58d385a7b928 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=NYPL Digital Collections |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 1907, an peryodistang Pranses na si Paul Ginisty nagsurat kan saiyang biograpiya: ''Mémoires d'une danseuse de cord: Mme Saqui (1786–1866)''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ginisty |first=Paul |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k882580d |title=Mémoires d'une danseuse de corde : Mme Saqui (1786–1866) |year=1907}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si Saqui iyo an tema kan sarong librong pang-aki, ''Madame Saqui: Revolutionary Rope Dancer''. Sinurat ni Lisa Robinson asin pig-ilustrar ni Rebecca Green. Schwartz &amp; Wade/Random, 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/lisa-robinson/madame-saqui/ |title=Madame Saqui |publisher=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Madame Saqui: Revolutionary Rope Dancer by Lisa Robinson |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780525579977 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Publishers Weekly]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://www.booklistonline.com/Madame-Saqui-Revolutionary-Rope-Dancer-By-Lisa-Robinson/pid=9729843 |title=Madame Saqui: Revolutionary Rope Dancer by Lisa Robinson |publisher=[[Booklist Online]] |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{wikisource|Vanity Fair/Chapter VI}}
== Mga Reperensya ==
{{Reflist|refs=
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Mga paglubong sa Sementeryo kan Père Lachaise]]
[[Kategorya:Mga paratampok sa sirko kan ika-19 siglo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga babayeng paratampok nin stunt]]
[[Kategorya:Mga paralakaw sa tightrope]]
[[Kategorya:Mga paratampok stunt na Pranses]]
[[Kategorya:Tawo gikan sa Neuilly-sur-Seine]]
[[Kategorya:Tawo gikan sa Agde]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pagkagadan kan 1866]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pagkamundag kan 1786]]</text>
      <sha1>6z5rak71dteie83ema0ywch26q7tpau</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rosie Batty</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52345</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310490</id>
      <parentid>288097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:09:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25752" sha1="icyfd9bpzist41hk8x9c96htmgiw819" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Australian domestic violence campaigner (born 1962)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}{{Infobox person|name=Rosie Batty|honorific_suffix=[[Order of Australia|AO]]|image=Rosie Batty 2015 ACTU Congress.jpg|caption=Batty speaking at the Women's Lunch on Day One of the 2015 ACTU Congress|birth_name=Rosemary Anne Batty&lt;ref name=rcfv&gt;[http://www.rcfv.com.au/MediaLibraries/RCFamilyViolence/Statements/Witness-Statement-of-Rosie-Batty.pdf Witness Statement of Rosie Batty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803083326/http://www.rcfv.com.au/MediaLibraries/RCFamilyViolence/Statements/Witness-Statement-of-Rosie-Batty.pdf |date=3 August 2024 }}, Royal Commission into Family Violence, 6 August 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1962}}&lt;ref name=&quot;aoty-skynews&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/news/national/2015/01/25/rosie-batty-named-australian-of-the-year.html|title=Rosie Batty named Australian of the Year|work=[[Sky News]]|location=Australia|date=25 January 2015|access-date=25 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;theage-feb2014&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/mother-says-luke-loved-and-trusted-his-father-despite-his-problems-20140213-32juf.html|title=Mother says Luke loved and trusted his father despite his problems|work=[[The Age]]|date=13 February 2014|access-date=25 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_place=[[Laneham]], [[Nottinghamshire]], England&lt;ref name=lincsecho&gt;{{cite news|title=Former Lincoln school pupil watches ex-partner batter their son to death with cricket bat in Australia|url=http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/Lincoln-school-pupil-watches-ex-partner-batter/story-20622787-detail/story.html|access-date=2 December 2015|work=Lincolnshire Echo|date=13 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|death_date=&lt;!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|df=yes|death date†|birth date†}} --&gt;|death_place=|citizenship=British, Australian{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}|other_names=|occupation=|years_active=|known_for=[[Domestic violence]] campaigner|children=Luke Batty (2002{{endash}}2014)|awards={{Plainlist|
* [[Australian of the Year]] (2015)
* [[Order of Australia|Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)]] (2019)}}}}Si '''Rosemary Anne''' &quot; '''Rosie''' &quot; '''Batty''' AO (namundag kan 1962) sarong Australianong parakampanya sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong . Nagin siyang parakampanya kan 2014, pagkatapos na an saiyang 11-anyos na aking lalaki na si Luke Batty ginadan kan saiyang ama, '''si Greg Anderson''' . &lt;ref name=&quot;MC2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother courage – At Home with Rosie Batty|url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2014/october/1412085600/helen-garner/mother-courage|website=The Monthly|access-date=27 January 2016|last=Garner|first=Helen|date=October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilang sarong parakampanya, nagtaram siya sa publiko manungod sa saiyang mga eksperyensya bilang sarong nakaligtas sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong tanganing mapataas an kaaraman kan publiko asin mag-adbokasiya para sa mga pagbabago sa sosyedad. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rosie's Story|url=http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2014/07/14/4043135.htm|website=www.abc.net.au|date=14 July 2014|access-date=27 January 2016|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Batty pigkokonsiderar na nagkaigwa nin dakulang impluwensya sa nasyonal na mga aktitud kan publiko, pilantropiya, mga inisyatiba asin pagpondo kan gobyerno, mga serbisyo sa suporta asin mga prosedimiento kan pulis asin legal na may relasyon sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong sa Australia . &lt;ref name=&quot;AotYAwards2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Australian of the Year Awards|url=https://www.australianoftheyear.org.au/recipients/rosie-batty/1179/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805165108/https://australianoftheyear.org.au/recipients/rosie-batty/1179/|url-status=|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.australianoftheyear.org.au|access-date=9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Wheildon|first1=Lisa J.|last2=True|first2=Jacqui|last3=Flynn|first3=Asher|last4=Wild|first4=Abby|date=2021-08-25|title=The Batty Effect: Victim-Survivors and Domestic and Family Violence Policy Change|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778012211024266|journal=Violence Against Women|volume=28|issue=6–7|pages=1684–1707|doi=10.1177/10778012211024266|pmid=34431729|s2cid=237292973|issn=1077-8012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2016, an primer ministro kaidto kan Australia na si Malcolm Turnbull nagsabi manungod sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong sa Australia na &quot;an pagbabago sa kultura nangangaipo nin sarong dakulang parasuportar, asin si Rosie nakagibo kaiyan sa paagi na sa paghona ko mayo pang nakagibo kaidto&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-25/outgoing-australian-of-the-year-rosie-batty's/7112356|title=Outgoing Australian of the Year Rosie Batty's legacy|website=ABC News|date=25 January 2016|language=en-AU|access-date=27 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya nginaranan na Australian of the Year kan 2015 asin ninombrahan na sarong Opisyal kan Orden kan Australia kan 2019.

== Dangog ==
Si Batty namundag sa Inglaterra asin pinadakula sa sarong oma sa Laneham sa Ingles na kondado nin Nottinghamshire kan saiyang ama kaiba an saiyang tolong tugang na lalaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10874344/British-mother-of-son-beaten-to-death-by-cricket-bat-leads-campaign-against-domestic-violence.html|title=British mother of son beaten to death by cricket bat leads campaign against domestic violence|website=Telegraph|access-date=13 March 2018|author=Jonathan Pearlman|date=4 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan si Batty anom na taon an edad, nagadan an saiyang ina, asin pinadakula siya kan mga yaya asin kan saiyang lola sa ina. Sabi ni Batty na an pagkagadan kan saiyang ina nagkaigwa nin halawig na epekto: &quot;Dai pa talaga ako nakabilog nin permanenteng relasyon sa kiisay man; dai pa ako noarin man nag-agom asin dai man an duwa kong tugang na lalaki. Sa hiling ko talagang nakakatrauma ka sa pagkaigwa nin mga pangenot na relasyon huli sa takot na babayaan ka ninda.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Harari&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/mother-courage-rosie-battys-life-after-luke-20141128-11ld0f.html|title=Mother courage: Rosie Batty's life after Luke|author=Harari, Fiona|date=29 November 2014|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald#Good Weekend|Good Weekend]], [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pagkatapos kan hayskul nakatapos siya nin kurso sa sekretarya asin nagtrabaho nin halipot bilang sarong klerk sa bangko asin bilang sarong yaya sa Australia.

Si Batty nag-erok sa Australia kan 1988 sa sarong partner visa  kasunod kan enot na pagbisita kan 1986. 

== Personal na buhay asin pang-aabuso ==
Namidbid ni Batty si Anderson kan 1992 kan sinda nagtatrabaho sa sarong kompanya nin pagrekrut asin an duwa nagpoon nin sarong romantikong relasyon na naglawig nin duwang taon. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Luke Batty: killed by a father no one truly knew|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/02/-sp-luke-batty-killed-by-a-father-no-one-truly-knew|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 November 2014|access-date=27 January 2016|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Melissa|last=Davey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sinabi ni Batty na si Anderson nagpahiling nin mga senyales nin sekswal na kadahasan mantang sinda magkaibanan asin kan huri nag-alegar na nagprobar siyang lugoson an sarong amigo ni Batty, pakatapos kaini tinapos ni Batty an duwang taon na relasyon. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Mother's Story|url=https://archive.org/details/mothersstoryhear0000rosi|last=Batty|first=Rosie|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2015|isbn=9781460705100}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pakalihis nin haros walong taon, nagpoon giraray siyang makipag-ulay saiya asin nagpoon giraray nin halipot na sekswal na relasyon, na nagin dalan kan pagbados ni Batty. Sinabi niya na dai siya nagplanong magkaigwa nin aki, huli sa saiyang bilog na buhay na takot sa pagkawara, asin na an saiyang aki sarong aksidente. 

An saindang aki na si Luke namundag kan 20 Hunyo 2002. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)&quot;&gt;kaipuhan an sitasyon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sinabi ni Batty na an pang-aabuso ki Anderson nagpoon dai nahaloy pagkatapos nindang magmidbidan asin naglangkaw kan siya nagbados. &lt;ref name=&quot;SunBattle2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/true-crime-scene/rosie-batty-reveals-her-battle-to-stop-killer-dad-greg-andersons-violence-before-son-lukes-death/news-story/408e8c50f96b7c0ba990d474f6d3c5c2|title=Rosie Batty reveals her battle to stop killer Dad Greg Anderson's violence before son Luke's death|website=Herald Sun}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ipinahayag ni Batty na si Anderson sarong mamomoton na ama ki Luke asin idinepensa niya an saiyang deretso na magkaigwa nin kontak sa saindang aki. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)&quot;&gt;kaipuhan an sitasyon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sa 2014 coronial inquest sa kagadanan ni Luke, ibinareta na si Anderson tibaad igwa nin dai pa nadiagnose na helang sa isip. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/making-of-greg-anderson-into-the-monster-who-killed-his-son-little-luke-batty/story-fni0ffnk-1226834156294|title=Making of Greg Anderson into the monster who killed his son, little Luke Batty|last1=Hurley|first1=David|date=22 February 2014|newspaper=[[Herald Sun]]|last2=Dowling|first2=James}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakipaglaban siya na mamantenir an sarong trabaho asin lugar na istaran asin ilinadawan man siya kan mga nakakamidbid saiya bilang bakong estable, mapagmaniobra asin agresibo. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Dai nahaloy pagkamundag ni Luke, pisikal na inatake ni Anderson si Batty, na nagtulod saiya na tapuson an saindang relasyon, dawa ngani si Anderson nagdanay na nakikipag-olay. 

Poon Hunyo 2004 sagkod Pebrero 2014, si Batty naggibo nin kadakol na mga alegasyon na si Anderson pisikal na inatake asin tinakot na gadanon siya, na nagresulta sa nagkapirang pag-arestar, mga kasong  asin mga pagboot sa interbensyon . Kan Nobyembre 2012, si Anderson nadakop na nag-aakses nin pornograpiya nin kaakian sa sarong pampublikong kompyuter sa sarong libreriya [[Melbourne|sa Melbourne]] . Kan Enero 2014, si Anderson soboot naghuma na gadanon an saro sa saiyang mga ka-flat, na nagresulta sa paghagad kan ka-flat nin order nin interbensyon asin si Anderson inarestar alagad pinaluwas dai nahaloy pagkatapos na mayong kaso. Si Batty dai nakakaaram kan mga pangyayaring ini kan panahon na idto asin dai siya napaaram huli sa mga ley sa privacy . 

Kan Abril 2013, si Batty nag-alegar sa pulis na si Anderson naggamit nin kutsilyo ki Luke kan sinda sana sa laog kan saiyang kotse asin nagsabi na &quot;pwedeng matapos ini gabos.&quot; Gusto ni Batty na si Anderson dai magkaigwa nin kontak ki Luke. Sarong pansamantalang pagboot nin interbensyon an ginibo kan korte na nagboot na si Anderson dai na puedeng magkaigwa nin dugang pang pakikipag-olay sa saiyang aki, na parehong nginaranan si Batty asin Luke bilang mga protektadong tawo. Sa sarong pagbista, kan Hulyo 2013, an pansamantalang pagboot dai nasuportaran asin si Anderson tinawan nin access ki Luke sa publiko kan siya nagtutugtog nin isports. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)&quot;&gt;kaipuhan an sitasyon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Paggadan ki Lucas ===
Kan 12 Pebrero 2014, ginadan ni Anderson an onse anyos na si Luke Batty sa praktis nin cricket sa sarong sports oval sa luwas kan Melbourne suburb kan Tyabb . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Davey|first1=Melissa|title=Rosie Batty hits back at questions about her actions before son Luke's murder|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/oct/21/rosie-batty-hits-back-at-questions-about-her-actions-before-son-lukes|website=The Guardian|date=21 October 2014|access-date=13 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Davey|first1=Melissa|title=Luke Batty's killer, Greg Anderson, was 'bad, not mad', police tell inquest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/oct/23/luke-battys-killer-greg-anderson-was-bad-not-mad-police-tell-inquest|website=The Guardian|date=22 October 2014|access-date=13 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dawa ngani yaon an mga magurang asin mga aki, mantang an mga tawo nagpoon nang maghale asin medyo harayo na, nahimo ni Anderson na isolo si Luke sa laog nin sarong hikot nin kuliglig, kun saen hinampak niya an saiyang aki sa payo asin sinaksak siya sagkod na magadan. Si Anderson nagtumang sa pag-arestar asin tinakot an mga trabahador kan ambulansya gamit an saiyang kutsilyo. Kan huri nagadan siya sa ospital huli sa mga putok kan pulis asin mga lugad sa sadiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;abc-batty-father-dead&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Small town in shock after father kills 11yo son on cricket oval|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-13/tyabb-boy-dead-father-shot-by-police/5256444}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa coronial inquest, an mga opisyales kan pulis, mga serbisyo sa proteksyon kan kaakian asin si Rosie Batty nagsabi na dai nanggad sinda nagtutubod na madanyaran ni Anderson si Luke, nin huli ta dawa ngani igwa siyang rekord nin kadahasan laban ki Rosie Batty, bako siyang madahas sa saiyang aki. 

== Kampanya laban sa kadahasan sa laog kan pamilya ==
[[Ladawan:Rosie_Batty_2015-02.jpg|too|thumb| Si Batty nagtataram sa sarong panel discussion kan Australian Human Rights Commission kan Hulyo 2015.]]
Si Batty nagpoon na magtaram sa publiko manungod sa saiyang eksperyensya pagkatapos na magtaram sa media kan aga pagkatapos kan paggadan ki Luke.  Siya nagin sarong parasuportar para sa mga nakaligtas asin biktima nin kadahasan sa laog kan harong, asin naghingoa na atubangon an mga pighihiling na sistematikong pagkabigo sa mga simbag sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong sa Australia.  &lt;ref name=&quot;age&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/luke-battys-mother-rosie-urges-overhaul-to-prevent-childrens-deaths-20140828-109gpo.html|title=Luke Batty's mother Rosie urges overhaul to prevent children's deaths|date=28 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;charity&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/charity-to-mark-luke-battys-tragic-death-20140215-32s9m.html|title=Charity to mark Luke Batty's tragic death|date=15 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagtaram siya manungod sa kakulangan nin komunikasyon sa pag-ultanan kan mga serbisyo, manungod sa mga pagmansay kan publiko sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong, manungod sa kakulangan nin pondo, asin manungod sa mga prosedimiento kan pulis asin legal na sa pagmati niya nakawara nin kapangyarihan sa saiyang kakayahan na protehiran an saiyang sadiri asin an saiyang aking lalaki. 

Kan 2014, pigmukna ni Batty an Luke Batty Foundation tanganing tabangan an mga babae asin kaakian na apektado nin kadahasan sa laog kan harong. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lukebattyfoundation.com.au/|title=Luke Batty Foundation|access-date=26 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan Abril 2014, nagsimbag siya sa sarong komento kan peryodistang si Joe Hildebrand sa ''Studio 10'' kan Ten Network, sarong palabas sa TV. Sa pag-orolay kan mga propuestong ley kan Victoria para sa obligadong pagreport kan mga kaso nin pang-aabuso sa aki, sinabi ni Hildebrand na an pagigin &quot;natatakot para sa saimong sadiring kaligtasan, pasensya na, bako ining sarahotan.&quot; Bilang simbag, sinabi ni Batty na nabigla siya sa nosyon, asin naisip niya na pagkatapos kan pagkagadan kan saiyang aki, naglaom siya na &quot;may maluwas digdi na talagang magpapahiling kan kadepisilan kan mga babae sa mga mapang-abuso na relasyon&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;hildebrand-newsltd2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/rosie-batty-blasts-studio-10-host-joe-hildebrand-on-morning-tv/story-e6frfmyi-1226872088068|title=Rosie Batty blasts Studio 10 host Joe Hildebrand on morning TV|work=news.com.au|date=7 April 2014|access-date=25 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan Setyembre 2015 inapod niya si Primer Ministro Malcolm Turnbull na isara an mga pasilidad nin detensyon sa imigrasyon sa Australia huli sa insidente nin panglulugos asin sekswal na pang-aabuso. &lt;ref&gt;Allard, Tom [http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/rosie-batty-takes-on-malcolm-turnbull-over-detention-centres-they-must-be-shut-down-20151001-gjz5zq.html Rosie Batty takes on Malcolm Turnbull over detention centres: 'They must be shut down' 2 October 2015] ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]''&lt;/ref&gt;

An istorya ni Batty nagin instrumento sa pagmukna kan 2015 kan Royal Commission into Family Violence sa saiyang ginikanan na estado nin Victoria. &lt;ref name=&quot;AotY2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/australian-of-the-year-rosie-batty-a-voice-of-family-violence/story-fnboyn5s-1227190075624|title=Australian of the year: Rosie Batty, a voice of family violence|date=20 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|access-date=26 January 2015|author=Akerman, Pia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ini itinao sa Parlamento kan ika-30 nin Marso 2016. An report sarong kulminasyon kan 13-bulan na pagsiyasat kun pano epektibo na maiiwasan an kadahasan sa pamilya, mapakarhay an amay na interbensyon, suportaran an mga biktima, gibohon na responsable an mga nagkasala, mas marahay na makoordinar an simbag kan komunidad asin gobyerno, asin ebalwaron asin masukol an mga estratehiya, balangkas, polisiya, programa asin serbisyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcfv.com.au/Media/Royal-Commission-report-delivered-to-Government-Ho|title=Royal commission report delivered to Government House|last=Matthers|first=Tracey|date=31 July 2016|website=Royal Commission into Family Violence|access-date=2 May 2025|archive-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305224148/http://www.rcfv.com.au/Media/Royal-Commission-report-delivered-to-Government-Ho|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; An report igwa nin walong tomo, asin nakabasar sa 227 na rekomendasyon na ginibo kan komisyon tanganing mapakarhay, giyahan asin bantayan an sarong halawig na programa nin reporma na nagtutukar kan kadahasan sa pamilya. Kabali digdi an pagmukna kan Family Violence Protection Act, na nagtatao nin detalyadong kahulugan kan kadahasan sa pamilya, an mga relasyon kun saen ini pwedeng maglataw, asin an pagpakusog kan mga marahay na obheto asin prinsipyo kan Akta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://files.rcfv.com.au/Reports/Final/RCFV-All-Volumes.pdf|title=Royal Commission into Family Violence Report|date=March 2016|website=Royal Commission into Family Violence|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308121302/http://files.rcfv.com.au/Reports/Final/RCFV-All-Volumes.pdf|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan huring parte kan 2016, si Batty nagsurat sa Federal Immigration Minister Peter Dutton sa pagsuporta ki Dr. Chamari Liyanage, na binugbog an saiyang agom sagkod na magadan gamit an sarong martilyo sa saiyang higdaan mantang siya nagtuturog kan 2014, na nagsasabi na si Liyanage dapat na togotan na magdanay sa Australia pagkatapos kan saiyang pagluwas sa bilanggoan, na nagsasabi na ini &quot;magpapahiling nin pakikidamay sa gobyerno kan Australia na totoong nakakasabot kamugtakan kan mga biktima nin kadahasan sa pamilya asin sa harong.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-19/rosie-batty-calls-on-peter-dutton-to-let-chamari-liyanage-stay/8132396|title=Rosie Batty calls on Peter Dutton to allow woman who killed abusive husband to stay in Australia|date=19 December 2016|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 16 Pebrero 2018, pig-anunsyo ni Batty na siya mababa sa pwesto bilang hepe ehekutibo kan Luke Batty Foundation, asin sa kahurihurihi isara an pundasyon. Kan parehong aldaw, an Pundasyon nag-ontok sa pag-ako nin mga donasyon. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lbf.joshs.space/a-message-from-rosie-some-time-out-of-the-public-eye/|title=A Message From Rosie: Some Time Out Of The Public Eye – Luke Batty Foundation|website=lbf.joshs.space|language=en-US|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220035412/https://lbf.joshs.space/a-message-from-rosie-some-time-out-of-the-public-eye/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-16/rosie-batty-resigns-luke-batty-foundation-closes/9456416|title=Rosie Batty resigns, Luke Batty Foundation to wind down operations}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pagkamidbid ==
Si Batty tinawan kan Pride of Australia's National Courage Medal kan 2014, ninombrahan 2015 Australian of the Year, tinawan nin honorary doctorate kan Unibersidad kan Sunshine Coast, asin pigranggo numero 33 sa listahan kan Pinakadakulang Lider kan Kinaban 2016 kan magasin ''na Fortune'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;ABCAotY2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=25 January 2015|title=Australian of the Year: Rosie Batty awarded top honour for efforts to stop family violence|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-25/rosie-batty-named-australian-of-the-year-2015/6045290|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mysunshinecoast.com.au/news/news-display/usc-to-award-honorary-doctorate-to-rosie-batty,49194|title=USC to award Honorary Doctorate to Rosie Batty|website=My Sunshine Coast|language=en|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508074010/https://mysunshinecoast.com.au/news/news-display/usc-to-award-honorary-doctorate-to-rosie-batty,49194|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/2016/rosie-batty-33/|title=Rosie Batty|date=24 March 2016|work=Fortune|access-date=6 January 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2 May 2025|archivedate=2 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202124624/http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/2016/rosie-batty-33/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2015 siya an tema kan sarong retrato ni Jacqui Clark na an pangaran ''Meeting Rosie Batty'', na napili para sa 2015 Portia Geach Memorial Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/3338815/rosie-inspires-top-artwork/|title=Rosie inspires top artwork|date=9 September 2015|accessdate=2 May 2025|archivedate=8 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074429/https://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/3338815/rosie-inspires-top-artwork/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya pig-indukto sa Victorian Honor Roll of Women kan 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-09-11|title=Rosemary Batty AO|url=https://www.vic.gov.au/rosemary-batty-ao|access-date=2025-04-25|website=State Government of Victoria|language=en-au}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan Oktubre 2018 si Batty nginaranan sa sosyal na negosyo asin bakong para sa ganansya na kategorya kan ''The Australian Financial Review'' 100 Women of Influence awards. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.afr.com/brand/100women/women-of-influence-2018-winner-fights-for-recognition-of-indigenous-australians-20181015-h16npc|title=Women of Influence 2018 winner fights for recognition of Indigenous Australians|last=Patten|first=Sally|date=2018-10-17|work=Australian Financial Review|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan ika-10 Hunyo 2019, siya ninombrahan bilang sarong Opisyal kan Orden kan Australia sa heneral na dibisyon bilang parte kan pagmidbid kan Queen's Birthday 2019 Honors para sa saiyang &quot;pambihirang serbisyo sa komunidad bilang sarong parakampanya asin parasurog para sa pag-iingat kan kadahasan sa pamilya&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rosemary Anne BATTY|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2004373|access-date=11 June 2019|website=honours.pmc.gov.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-06-10|title=2019 Queen's Birthday Honours full list: Companions, Officers, Members, Medals, Meritorious and Military|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6207862/the-full-list-of-queens-birthday-honours/|access-date=2019-06-10|work=The Canberra Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iba pang mga aktibidad ==
Kan 10 Oktubre 2023, si Batty saro sa 25 Australiano kan Taon na nagpirma nin sarong bukas na surat na nagsusuporta sa boto nin Iyo sa referendum kan Indigenous Voice, na pinonan kan sikiatrista na si Patrick McGorry .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Josh|title=Australian of the Year winners sign open letter saying no vote in voice referendum would be a 'shameful dead end'|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=11 October 2023|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/oct/11/indigenous-voice-to-parliament-referendum-australians-of-the-year-open-letter|access-date=11 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;letter2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Winter|first=Velvet|title=Voice referendum live updates: Australians of the Year Yes vote letter in full|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=10 October 2023|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-10-11/live-updates-voice-referendum-latest-news-october-11/102958838|access-date=11 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bibliograpiya ==

* {{Cite book|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/193270349|title=A Mother's Story|last=Batty, Rosie|last2=Corbett, Bryce|date=21 September 2015|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty Limited|isbn=978-1-4607-5055-1|publication-date=2015}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/256308178|title=Hope|last=Batty, Rosie|last2=Smethurst, Sue|date=3 April 2024|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty Limited|isbn=978-1-4607-6029-1|publication-date=2024}}

== Mga Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>icyfd9bpzist41hk8x9c96htmgiw819</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pansit na Hapon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>53750</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310494</id>
      <parentid>293314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:57:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8906" sha1="rt8ovjiw1mbwe45dbznlominxcmxm68" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagkakan|name=Japanese noodles|image=Fresh ramen noodle 001.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Fresh [[ramen]]|alternate_name=|country=[[Japan]]|region=|creator=|course=|type=[[Noodle]]s|served=|main_ingredient=Flour, water|variations=|calories=|other=}}
[[Ladawan:Japanese_Salt_flavor_Sapporo_Ramen.JPG|thumb|Ramen]]
[[Ladawan:Mori_soba_of_Fuji-soba.jpg|thumb|Soba]]
[[Ladawan:Kamaage_udon,_at_Marugame_Seimen_(2013.06.01).jpg|too|thumb|Udon]]
[[Noodle|An pansit]] sarong panginot na [[Pagkakan nin Hapon|kakanon kan mga Hapon]] . Pirme ining pighahanda pinalipot na igwang mga sarsa, o kaya sa mga sopas o mainit na mga putahe.  Ang mga pansit ipinamidbid sa Hapon hale sa Tsina durante kang Dinastiyang Song sa pag-ultanan kang mga Heian sagkod sa amay na panahon ning Kamakura.

== Kasaysayan ==
[[Noodle|An pansit]] enot na ipinamidbid sa Hapon kang mga 800 AD kang [[Heian period|panahon nin Heian]] (794-1185).  Ang putaheng ining kinua sa Tsina.

Durante kang [[panahon nin Edo]], partikularmente sa pag'oltan kang 1661 sagkod sa 1672, ang mga pansit na Soba nagin popular sa mga restawran sa kabiserang siyudad ning Edo (ngonyan [[Tokyo]] ). Igwa ning osipon na ini naging popular na gayo huli ta ang soba noodles pwedeng ihanda na malipot, asin sa gabos na kasulo na nangyayari, ang gobyerno naglimitar kang paggamit ning gatong. 

== Mga klase ning pansit sa Hapon ==

* '''''Ang chūkamen''''' iyo ang mga pansit na ginagamit sa ''[[ramen]]'' . Ini mga manipis, pansit na nakabase sa [[trigo]] na gibo sa harina ning trigo, asin, tubig, asin ''kansui'', sarong klase ning tubig na alkalina. Ang minasa pig-iitaas bago linukot. Ang mga chūkamen igwa ning matagas na pagkadakula asin parati mapusyaw na dilaw ang kolor. Ang mga pansit pwedeng magkaiba-iba ang porma, lakbang, asin laba. Ang mga ini pigsisirbe sa sarong sabaw. Ang mga putaheng ginikanan kang ramen pig-introdusir kang mga imigranteng Intsik kang mga taon 1880. Ang tataramon na ''ramen'' sarong pag-utang sa Hapon kang [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin na Intsik]] ''[[Lamian|na lamian]]'' ({{Lang|zh-Hant|拉麵}}, 'guyod na pansit').  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/kodanshaencyclop0000koda|title=Kodansha encyclopedia of Japan, Volume 6|publisher=Kodansha|year=1983|isbn=978-0-87011-626-1|edition=1st|location=Tokyo|page=283|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang sarong komun na salang paghona iyo na ang ramen sarong Hapon na adaptasyon kang [[lamian]], alagad ang duwang putahe mayo ning direktang relasyon, asin kung pano ang ramen nagkua kang pangaran kaini gikan sa lamian nagdadanay na bakong malinaw. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Slurp! : a social and culinary history of ramen – Japan's favorite noodle soup|url=https://archive.org/details/slurpsocialculin0000kush|last=Kushner|first=Barak|date=2012|publisher=Global Oriental|isbn=978-90-04-22098-0|location=Leiden|oclc=810924622}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang Ramen nag-evolve gikan sa mga putaheng pansit kang Tsina sa timog, sa pangenot [[Cantonese cuisine|Cantonese]], na kontra sa mga putaheng pansit kang norteng Tsina na pwedeng igwa ning lamian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Untold History of Ramen: How Political Crisis in Japan Spawned a Global Food Craze|url=https://archive.org/details/untoldhistoryofr0000geor|last=Solt|first=George|date=2014|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-27756-4|series=California Studies in Food and Culture|location=Berkeley, CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang mga halimbawa ning mga putaheng ''ramen'' iyo ang ''shōyu ramen'', ''shio ramen'', ''[[Miss Universe 2024|miso]] ramen'', ''[[Tonkotsu|tonkotsu ramen]]'', asin [[Muroran curry ramen|curry ''ramen'']] .                                                                                                                                                                                 

* '''''[[Shirataki noodles|Ang Shirataki]]''''' mga malinaw na pansit na gibo sa ''[[konnyaku]]'' . Ang mga pansit na ini masiram o garo goma. ''Ang shirataki'' ginagamit sa pagdagdag ning texture sa mga putahe arog kang ''[[sukiyaki]]'' asin ''[[oden]]'' .

* '''''[[Soba|Ang soba]]''''' sarong pansit na gibo sa [[Buckwheat|bakwit]] asin harina ning trigo. Ang mga pansit ''na soba'' makukua na pinamara o presko. Pwede ini iserbing may mainit na sabaw o malipot na may sarsa ( ''tsuyu'' ). Ang mga halimbawa ning mga putaheng ''soba'' iyo ang ''[[zaru]] soba'' (pinalipot), ''kake soba'', ''[[tempura]] soba'', ''kitsune soba'', asin ''tororo soba'' . Dawa ngani ang popular na putaheng Hapon ''[[Yakisoba|na yakisoba]]'' igwa ning &quot; ''soba'' &quot; sa pangaran kaini, ang putahe gibo sa estilong Intsik na pansit ( ''chūkamen'' ). 

* '''''[[Sōmen|Ang Sōmen]]''''' noodles sarong mahimpis, puti, pansit na nakabase [[Trigo|sa trigo]] . Ini parati pigsisirbe na malipot sa panahon ning tig-init na may mga sarsa na pansawsaw dawa ngani ini pwedeng gamiton sa mga sopas asin iba pang mainit na putahe. Ang mga pansit ''na Sōmen'' kapareho nanggad kang mga pansit ''na hiyamugi'' asin ''udon'', alagad mas mahimpis sana ini (mga 1.3mm ang lakbang). ''Ang Sōmen'' nangangaipo ning lana sa paggibo kaini. Sa mga bulan ning tig-init ang mga Hapon nagkakakan ning pinalipot ''na sōmen'' tanganing magdanay na malipot. 

* Ang '''''[[hiyamugi]]''''' mga pansit na gibo [[Wheat flour|sa harina nin trigo]] na kapareho kang ''sōmen'' asin ''udon'' noodles asin nasa pag-ultanan kang duwa sa kadakulaan. Ang mga pansit na ini parati pigsisirbe sa parehong paagi kang ''sōmen'' asin ''udon'' noodles. Myentras kadaklan puti, igwa ning mga bugkos na may halo na pansit na kolor rosas o kayumanggi.

* '''''[[Udon|An udon]]''''' iyo ang pinakamahibog sa mga pansit na pigsisirbe sa lutong Hapon. Ang ''mga udon'' puti, pansit na gibo sa trigo, na 4-6mm ang lakbang. Ang mga pansit na ini pigsisirbe na pinalipot na may sarsa sa mga bulan ning tig-init, o sa mainit na mga putahe asin sopas kun an temperatura mas malipot. An mga putaheng ''udon'' kabali ''an kitsune udon'', ''Nabeyaki udon'', ''curry udon'', asin ''yaki udon'' . Alagad, ''an sara udon'' ginigibo gamit an ibang klase nin pansit na malutong. Igwa nin tolong nasyonal na midbid na rehiyon sa Hapon na midbid sa saindang ''udon'' : Kagawa ( Sanuki udon ), Gunma ( Mizusawa udon ), asin Akita ( Inaniwa udon ). An tolong rehiyon na ini nagkontribwir nin mga pambihirang resipe nin ''udon'', siring man nin manlaen-laen na kasaysayan asin kultural na pinaghalean kan produksyon asin pagkonsumo nin udon. An rehiyon kan Kagawa pigkokonsiderar na &quot;kahadean kan Sanuki udon&quot;, na pighihiling na simbolo nin rehiyonal na identidad tanganing buhayon an rehiyonal na industriya nin pagkakan asin tanganing ipalakop an rehiyonal na turismo. Sa rehiyon kan Gunma, huli sa halangkaw na bilang kan mga tindahan nin pansit na nagseserbi nin udon sa mga nakapalibot na syudad (Mizusawa, Kiryu, asin Tatebayashi), an Gunma pigkonsiderar na pinakamarahay na lugar kun saen an mga bisita makakaeksperyensya kan pinakamarahay na lokal na ginibo na udon noodle sa Hapon. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315691695|title=Food Tourism and Regional Development|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-43089-6|editor-last=Hall|editor-first=C. Michael|doi=10.4324/9781315691695|editor-last2=Gössling|editor-first2=Stefan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ang '''''[[Harusame saifun|Harusame]]''''' mga pansit na baso na gibo sa almirol ning patatas. Ang mga klaseng ini nin pansit parateng ginagamit sa mga putaheng hotpot asin salad, asin ginagamit sa paggibo ning mga adaptasyon sa Hapon kang mga putaheng pansit na Koreano asin Intsik.  Ang mga putaheng ''Harusame'' kabali ang ''harusame salad'', na sarong malipot na noodle salad na igwa ning tolong mayor na sangkap na julienned na pipino, hamon, asin karot. Ang ibang mga sangkap pwedeng kabali ang [[Wakame|wakame seaweed]], ginunting na itlog na omelette, kamatis, bean sprouts, asin iba pa. 

* '''''[[Tokoroten|An tokoroten]]''''' garo jelly na mga hiwa na gibo sa ''[[Agar-agar|kanten]]'', na hale sa gelatin kang tengusa, sarong katutubong seaweed. Ang putaheng ini parati na kakanon sa tig-init ning huli ta ini kompuesto ning mga 98% na tubig. Ang Tokoroten nagpoon pa kang 1658 kang ang sarong kagsadiri ning harong-dagosan nag-apon ning nagkapirang pidaso ning ''kanten'', na namara asin pwedeng ibugtak asin ipreserbar. Ang putahe parati na pigdedekorasyonan ning toyo siring man suka ning bagas. 

== Nahihiling man ==

* [[Champon]], sarong sopas nin pansit na gikan [[Japanese Chinese cuisine|sa Hapon-Tsina]]
* [[Chinese noodles|Pansit na Intsik]]
* [[Instant noodles]]
* [[Korean noodles|Mga pansit na Koreano]]
* [[List of noodle dishes|Listahan kan mga putaheng pansit]]
* [[List of noodles|Listahan kan mga pansit]]
* [[Sapporo Ichiban]]
* [[Yakisoba|An Yakisoba]], sarong popular na putaheng pansit
* {{Portal-inline|Food}} 

== Mga Reperensya ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>rt8ovjiw1mbwe45dbznlominxcmxm68</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ramen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>53810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310488</id>
      <parentid>293480</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T20:55:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3619" sha1="75z2lz4g2nomtxcyeokyx808oeje131" xml:space="preserve"> 

{{Nihongo|'''Ramen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|m|ə|n}})|拉麺, ラーメン or らあめん|rāmen|{{IPA|ja|ɾaꜜːmeɴ||TomJ-Ramen.ogg}}}} sarong klase nin [[Pagkakan nin Hapon|Japanese]] noodle dish na an ginikanan gikan sa Chinese noodle dishes.&lt;ref name=&quot;cwiertka&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Modern Japanese Cuisine: Food, Power and National Identity|last=Cwiertka|first=Katarzyna J.|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1780234533|pages=145–146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Parte ini kan [[Japanese Chinese cuisine]].Kaiba digdi an {{Nihongo|[[Alkaline noodles|Chinese-style alkaline wheat noodles]]|中華麺|chūkamen}} na sinisirbi sa manlaen laen na sabaw. An pirmeng sabaw  iyo an  [[Tawyo]] asin [[miso]],na an tipikal na pang ibabaw kaiba an ginurot na karneng orig ({{Nihongo|||[[Char siu|chāshū]]}}), [[nori]] (pina alang na seaweed), lacto-fermented na kawayan (''[[menma]]''), asin [[Scallion|scallions]]. Haros gabos na rehiyon sa Hapon igwa nin sadiri nindang baryasyon nin ramen, arog kan ''[[tonkotsu]]'' (sabaw nin tulang kang orig) ramen kan [[Kyushu]] asin an ''miso'' ramen kan [[Hokkaido]].

An ginikanan kan ramen masusog pabalik sa &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama_Chinatown&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink&quot; title=&quot;Yokohama Chinatown&quot; class=&quot;cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;61&quot;&gt;Yokohama Chinatown&lt;/a&gt; kan huring parte kan ika-19 siglo. Mantang an tataramon na &quot;ramen&quot; sarong pagsubli sa Hapon kan tataramon na Intsik na ''[[:en:Lamian|lāmiàn]]'' ({{Lang|zh-Hant|拉麵}}), na an boot sabihon &quot;pulled noodles&quot;, an ramen dai man talaga hale sa arin man na putaheng lamian. An Lamian parte kan lutuon kan norteng Tsina, mantang an ramen nag-ebolusyon gikan sa mga putaheng noodle kan Tsina sa timog gikan sa mga rehiyon arog kan &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink&quot; title=&quot;Guangdong&quot; class=&quot;cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;65&quot;&gt;Guangdong&lt;/a&gt;, na nagpapahiling kan demograpiko kan mga imigranteng Intsik sa Yokohama. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Untold History of Ramen: How Political Crisis in Japan Spawned a Global Food Craze|url=https://archive.org/details/untoldhistoryofr0000geor|last=Solt|first=George|date=2014|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-27756-4|series=California Studies in Food and Culture|location=Berkeley, CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; An Ramen kadaklan limitado sa komunidad nin mga Intsik sa Hapon asin dai nanggad nagin papolar sa bilog na nasyon sagkod pagkatapos [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban|kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]] (partikularmente an Ikaduwang Gerang Tsina-Hapon ), kasunod kan paglangkaw kan pagkonsumo nin trigo huli sa kakulangan nin bagas asin an pagbalik kan minilyon na mga kolonisador na Hapon hale sa [[Tsina]] . Kan 1958, an instant noodles naimbento ni Momofuku Ando, na orog pang nagpabantog kan putahe.

An popularidad kan ramen naglakop sa luwas kan Hapon, na nagin sarong kultural na imahe na nagrerepresentar kan nasyon sa bilog na kinaban. Sa [[Korea]], an ramen midbid sa orihinal na pangaran kaini na &quot;ramen&quot; ( {{Lang|ko|라멘}} ) siring man ''si ramyeon'' ( 라면 ), sarong lokal na pagkakaiba sa putahe. Sa [[Tsina]], an ramen inaapod na ''rìshì lāmiàn'' ({{Lang|zh-Hans|日式拉面}}/{{Lang|zh-Hant|日式拉麵}}&quot;Lamian sa estilo sa Hapon&quot;). An Ramen nakaabot man sa mga kadena nin restawran sa Solnopan. An ramen na madali sanang gibuhon, pig-eksportar hale sa Hapon kan 1971 asin poon kaidto nagkaigwa na nin internasyonal na pagmidbid. An pankinaban na popularidad kan ramen minsan nagdara sa terminong ini na ginagamit sa salang paagi sa Anglosphere bilang sarong catch-all para sa anuman na putaheng sabaw nin pansit .</text>
      <sha1>75z2lz4g2nomtxcyeokyx808oeje131</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hermann Gunkel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>54449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310481</id>
      <parentid>296540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T18:32:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4119" sha1="1m1aolerlv086dg2zqvcj5k7nxilsm9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Hermann Gunkel
| image = Gunkel.jpg
| imagesize = 175px
| birth_date  = 23 Mayo 1862
| birth_place = [[Springe]], [[Kaharian ng Hanover]]
| death_date  = 11 Marso 1932 (edad 69)
| death_place = [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], [[Weimar Republic]]
| education   = [[Universidad ng Göttingen]]
| known_for   = Nagtugdas kan [[kritisismong anyo]], ''[[Sitz im Leben]]''
| occupation  = kritisismong historikal ng [[Bibliya]]
}}

Si '''Hermann Gunkel''' (23 Mayo 1862 – 11 Marso 1932) sarong [[Aleman]] na iskolar kan [[Daan na Tipan]] nin [[Bibliya]] asin nagtugdas kan [[pormang kritisismo]].&lt;ref name=biblical&gt;{{cite book | title=Dictionary of Biblical Criticism and Interpretation | chapter=Form Criticism | first=Kenton L. | last=Sparks | pages=111–114 | year=2007 | editor-first=Stanley E | editor-last=Porter | location=New York | publisher=Routledge | isbn=9780203969755 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EV5x-fX79dQC&amp;pg=PA111 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EV5x-fX79dQC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saro siya sa nagin lataw na representasyon kan inapod na [[Eskwelang kasaysayan nin mga relihiyon]] .&lt;ref name=EB&gt;
{{cite encyclopedia 
| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/249437/Hermann-Gunkel | title=Hermann Gunkel (German biblical scholar) 
| encyclopedia=Britannica Online Encyclopedia | access-date=January 2, 2013
}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga nangengenot na mga toklos niya dapit sa [[Libro nin Genesis]] asin [[Libro nin mga mga Awit]]. An saiyang lataw na interes nakatoon sa mga tradisyon na ilinito paagi nin ngimot na yaon sa likod kan mga nakasurat na mga suanoy na hahadoyan asin mga istoryang banwaan.
== Mga Toklos==

* {{cite book | title=The Influence of the Holy Spirit | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9piFQgAACAAJ | others=Translated by Roy A. Harrisville and Phillips A. Quanbeck | location=Philadelphia | publisher=Fortress Press | publication-date=1979 | year=1888|isbn = 9780800605445}}
* {{cite book | title=Creation and Chaos in the Primeval Era and the Eschaton | others=Translated by K. William Whitney Jr | location=Grand Rapids, MI | publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans | publication-date=2006 | year=1895 | isbn=9780802828040 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNstLQ8i3nsC}}
* {{cite book | title=Genesis: Translated and Explained | url=https://archive.org/details/genesis01gunkgoog | edition=1st | location=Göttingen | publisher=Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht | year=1901}} (Introduction translated by [[William Herbert Carruth]] and published as [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PgkXAAAAYAAJ_2 ''The Legends of Genesis''] in 1901.)
* {{cite book | title=Israel and Babylon | url=https://archive.org/details/israelbabylonbab0000gunk | others=Translated by E. S. B. and K. C. Hanson | publisher=Cascade | location=Eugene, OR | publication-date=2009 | year=1903 | isbn=1606082507 }}
* {{cite book | title=Genesis: Translated and Explained | edition=3rd | others=Translated by Mark E. Biddle | location=Macon, GA | publisher=Mercer University Press | publication-date=1997 | year=1910 | isbn=9780865545175 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZtH3hbGITkC}} (Introduction available as [https://www.amazon.com/Stories-Genesis-Hermann-Gunkel/dp/0941037215 ''The Stories of Genesis''])
* {{cite book | title=The Folktale in the Old Testament | others=Translated by M. D. Rutter | location=Sheffield | publisher=Almond Press | publication-date=1987 | year=1917 | isbn=9781850750314 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOK9QgAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book | title=The Psalms: A Form-Critical Introduction | others=Translated by T. M. Horner | location=Philadelphia | publisher=Fortress Press | publication-date=1967 | year=1926 | isbn=9780800630430 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Y4hAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book | title=An Introduction to the Psalms | others=Completed by Joachim Begrich and translated by James D. Nogalski | location=Macon, GA | publisher=Mercer University Press | publication-date=1998 | year=1933 | isbn=9780865545793 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_Uw2MtOq_8C}}

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga iskolar nin Bibliya]]</text>
      <sha1>1m1aolerlv086dg2zqvcj5k7nxilsm9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lista nin mga pelikulang Tsino nin 1990</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310498</id>
      <parentid>309942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T22:42:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2167" sha1="3liylacum7wjvysew2wt11ormcdh6s4" xml:space="preserve">An minasunod '''Lista nin mga pelikulang Tsino''' sa mainaland China na enot pinaluwas kan taon 1990. Igwang 134 pelikulang Tsino naprodyusir sa Tsina kan 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=Donald|editor1-first=Stephanie |editor2-last=Keane |editor2-first=Michael |editor3-last=Yin |editor3-first=Hong |date=2002 |title= Media in China : Consumption, Content and Crisis |url=https://archive.org/details/mediainchinacons0000sdon|location= London |publisher=Routledge |page=[https://archive.org/details/mediainchinacons0000sdon/page/50 50] |isbn=0415406277 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Titulo !! Direktor !! Cast !! Genre !! Nota
|-
| ''[[The Big Mill]]'' || [[Wu Ziniu]] || [[Tao Zeru]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Black Snow (1990 film)|Black Snow]]'' || [[Xie Fei (director)|Xie Fei]] || [[Jiang Wen]] || Drama ||Won the [[Silver Bear]] at [[40th Berlin International Film Festival|Berlin]]
|-
| ''[[Bumming in Beijing: The Last Dreamers]]'' || [[Wu Wenguang]] || || Documentary ||
|-
| ''[[Jiao Yulu (film)|Jiao Yulu]]'' || [[Wang Jixing]] || [[Li Xuejian]] || Biographical || 1990 [[Golden Rooster Awards|Golden Rooster]] for Best Film
|-
| ''[[Ju Dou]]''|| [[Zhang Yimou]],&lt;br&gt;[[Yang Fengliang]] || [[Gong Li]] || Tragedy || First Chinese film nominated for an [[Academy Award]], entered at [[1990 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]
|-
|''[[Mama (1990 film)|Mama]]'' || [[Zhang Yuan (director)|Zhang Yuan]] || [[Qin Yan (actor)|Qin Yan]] || Drama || Zhang Yuan's [[directorial debut]]
|-
|''[[The Wedding Maidens]]'' ||Jin Wang || || ||Entered into the [[17th Moscow International Film Festival]]
|-
|}

== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[https://us.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/China/ IMDb list of Chinese films] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209041453/http://us.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/China/ |date=2009-12-09 }}

{{Cinema of China}}
{{1990 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mga pelikulang Tsino nin 1990}}
[[Kategorya:Lista nin mga 1990ng pelikula susog sa nasyon|Tsino]]
[[Kategorya:1990 sa sinemang Tsino|Mga pelikula]]
[[Kategorya:Lista nin mga pelikulang Tsino susog sa taon|1990]]
[[en:List of Chinese films of 1990]]</text>
      <sha1>3liylacum7wjvysew2wt11ormcdh6s4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pirokinesis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56777</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310486</id>
      <parentid>310282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T20:19:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2321" sha1="nv58co5gslpz8tkag89gd86tqo3kq8d" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Daniel_Dunglas_Home.jpg|thumb|An medium [[Daniel Dunglas Home]] iyo an suboot practitioner nin pirokinesis.]]

An '''pirokinesis''' iyo an suboot  [[List of psychic abilities|psychic ability]] na nagtutugot sa sarong tawo na magtugdas asin magkontrol nin kalayo gamit an isipan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Joyce&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aYqjnjDzBQC&amp;q=pyrokinesis&amp;pg=PA159|title=The Weiser Field Guide to the Paranormal|last1=Joyce|first1=Judith|date=2011|publisher=Weiser Books|isbn=978-1609252984|location=San Francisco, California|pages=159}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gresh&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/scienceofstephen0000gres/page/38|title=The Science of Stephen King: From Carrie to Cell, The Terrifying Truth Behind the Horror Masters Fiction|last1=Gresh|first1=Lois H.|last2=Weinberg|first2=Robert|date=2007|publisher=Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9780471782476|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|pages=[https://archive.org/details/scienceofstephen0000gres/page/38 38–39]|access-date=5 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JXnz9x9sO4C&amp;q=pyrokinesis&amp;pg=PA637|title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy|last1=Westfahl|first1=Gary|last2=Gaiman|first2=Neil|date=2005|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313329524|edition=1st|location=Westport, Connecticut|page=637|access-date=6 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siring man sa ibang [[parasikolohiya|parasikolohikong]] ngangalasan, mayong conclusive evidence na minasuporta sa aktwal na eksistensya kan pirokinesis. Dakol na mga suboot na kaso an [[Hoax|hoaxes]] asin sarong resulta nin pandaraya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofho0000stei|title=Encyclopedia of Hoaxes|last1=Stein|first1=Gordon|last2=Gardner|first2=Martin|date=1993|publisher=Gale Research|isbn=0810384140|location=Detroit|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofho0000stei/page/n186 161]–164|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nickell&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Mystery Chronicles: More Real-Life X-Files|url=https://archive.org/details/mysterychronicle0000nick|last1=Nickell|first1=Joe|date=2004|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813123189|location=Lexington, Kentucky|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mysterychronicle0000nick/page/56 56]–60}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>nv58co5gslpz8tkag89gd86tqo3kq8d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Broken Down Merry-Go-Round</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310489</id>
      <parentid>310363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T21:04:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1829" sha1="8h59owb851k3mcp2ipk0jsa089uvecz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox song
| name          = Broken Down Merry-Go-Round
| cover         = 
| type          = 
| artist        = [[Margaret Whiting]], [[Jimmy Wakely]]
| album         = 
| B-side        = 
| released      = 1950
| recorded      = 
| studio        = 
| genre         = [[Country music|Country]]
| length        = 2:32
| label         = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
| writer        = Fred Stryker, Arthur Herbert
| producer      = 
}}
An &quot;'''Broken Down Merry-Go-Round'''&quot; sarong [[country music]] na kanta tinukda ni Fred Stryker asin Arthur Herbert, kinanta ni [[Margaret Whiting]] asin [[Jimmy Wakely]], asin napaluwas sa [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] na label. Kan Pebrero 1950, ini nag'abot sa ikaduwang lugar sa country best seller chart.&lt;ref name=JW/&gt; It spent nine weeks on the charts and was the No. 22 best selling country record of 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;list&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=January 13, 1951 |title=The Year's Top Country &amp; Western Records |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-01-13.pdf#page=19 |accessdate=November 30, 2020 |newspaper=[[Billboard (magazine)|The Billboard]] |department=Music : The Billboard's Fifth Annual Recapitulation of 1950's Top Tunes, Records and Artists |page=19 |via=WorldRadioHistory}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=JW&gt;{{cite book|title=The Billboard Book of Top 40 Country Hits|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780823076321|author=Joel Whitburn|publisher=Billboard Books|year=1996|isbn=0823076326 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780823076321/page/340 340]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hilnga man==
* [[Billboard Top Country &amp; Western Records of 1950]]

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Mga kanta ni Jimmy Wakely]]
[[Kategorya:Mga klanta ni Margaret Whiting]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1950 na mga kanta]]
[[en:Broken Down Merry-Go-Round]]</text>
      <sha1>8h59owb851k3mcp2ipk0jsa089uvecz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wagayway nin Indya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56790</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310484</id>
      <parentid>310379</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T19:49:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10359" sha1="pt2w1xmz0koa54pxlftx97ki3rvm8yg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox flag
| Name = Republic of India
| Nickname = ''{{lang|hi-Latn|Tiraṅgā}}'' (meaning &quot;Tricolour&quot;)
| Image = Flag of India.svg
| Use = 111000
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111000}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Vertical normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}}
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption = {{start date and age|1947|07|22|df=yes}}
| Design = A horizontal [[triband (flag)|triband]] of India saffron, white, and India green; charged with a navy blue [[Ashoka Chakra]] with 24 spokes in the centre.
| Designer = [[Pingali Venkayya]]&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot; name=&quot;PV&quot;&gt;The current flag is an adaptation of Venkayya's original design, but he is generally credited as the designer of the flag.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Image3 = Civil Ensign of India.svg
| Nickname3 = [[List of Indian flags#Ensigns|Red Ensign]]
| Use3 = 000100
| Symbol3 = {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion3 = 2:3
| Design3 = A red ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton
| Image4 = Government Ensign of India.svg
| Nickname4 = [[List of Indian flags#Ensigns|Blue Ensign]]
| Use4 = 000010
| Symbol4 = {{FIAV|000010}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion4 = 2:3
| Design4 = A blue ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton, and a yellow anchor horizontally in the fly
| Image5 = Naval Ensign of India (2022).svg
| Nickname5 = [[Indian Naval Ensign|White Ensign]]
| Use5 = 000001
| Symbol5 = {{FIAV|000001}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion5 = 1:2
| Design5 = A white ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton, and a blue octagon with golden borders encasing the national emblem atop an anchor superimposed on a shield with the naval motto ''&quot;Śaṁ No Varuṇaḥ&quot;'' in [[Devanagari]] in the fly
| Nickname6 = [[List of Indian flags#Ensigns|Air force Ensign]]
| Use6 = [[Air force ensign]]
| Symbol6 = {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Image6 = Air Force Ensign of India.svg
| Proportion6 = 1:2
| Design6 = A sky blue ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton and the Air Force [[roundel]] in the fly
}}

An [[wagayway nasyonal]] nin [[Indya]], na impormal inaapod  ''Tiraṅgā''  ([[tolohan-kolor]]), sarong pabalagbag, rektanggular, tolohan-kolor na bandera, an mga kolor [[Asapran kolor)#Political and religious uses|India saffron]], [[puti]] asin [[pairiba-iba nin berde#India green|India green]]; may dukot na {{lang|hi-Latn|[[Ashoka Chakra]]}}, sarong 24-rayos na  ruweda, sa asul marino sa katangaan kaini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Symbols |url=https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=www.india.gov.in |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501093137/https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Identity Elements - National Flag |url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-flag.php |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=knowindia.india.gov.in |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715024706/https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-flag.php |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ini inadaptar sa presenteng porma durante kan sarong tiripon kan [[Constituent Assembly nin India|Constituent Assembly]] ginibo kan 22 Hulyo 1947, asin ini nagin bandera opisyal nin [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] kan 15 Agosto 1947. An wagayway dangan pinagretenir kan [[Republika nin Indya]]. Sa Indya, an terminong &quot;[[tricolour (flag)|tricolor]]&quot; haros nanggad pigpapatungdan an bandera nasyonal kan Indya.

An bandera basado sa ''{{lang|hi-Latn|Swaraj}}'' na wagayway, bandera kan [[Indian National Congress]] pigpili ni [[Mahatma Gandhi]] pakatapos kan mga mahahalagang paghira sa desenyo kan banderang ipighayag asin dinara ni [[Pingali Venkayya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Kapoor | first=P. | title=Gandhi: An Illustrated Biography | publisher=Roli Books | year=2018 | isbn=978-81-936009-1-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2EuEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT121 | language=mt | access-date=2023-08-14 | page=121}}&lt;/ref&gt; An banderang ini kabali an [[Spinning_wheel#Charkha|''charkha'']], na sinanglean kan ''[[Ashoka Chakra|chakra]]'' kan 1947 ni [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Goucher Walton&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last1=Goucher | first1=C. | last2=Walton | first2=L. | title=World History: Journeys from Past to Present | publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-135-08828-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Os-g5vLFfBcC&amp;pg=PA667 | page=667}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bago pag'enmyenda kan kodigo sa bandera kan 2021, an bandera sa pigboboot gigibohon sana sa ''{{lang|hi-Latn|[[khadi]]}}'', sarong tipong espesyal na hinabol na tela o seda, na pinabantog ni [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. An proseso nin paggibo asin mga detalye sa bandera nalalatag sa [[Bureau of Indian Standards]]. An deretso nin paghaman kan bandera napupugolan kan [[Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission]], na ini pinagtataltag man sa mga magkapirang grupong probinsyal. Sa kan 2023, igwang mga 4 yunit sa Indya an igwang lisensya sa paggibo kan bandera.

An paggamit kan bandera nagogobernar kan [[Flag Code of India]] asin iba pang mga leyes dapit sa [[national emblem]]
. An kodigo nasyonal ipigbabawal an paggamit kan bandera kan mga pribadong namamanwaan maliban lang kun [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] asin [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]. Kan 2002, sa pagbista kan sarong apelo nin sarong pribadong namamanwaan, [[Naveen Jindal]], an [[Supreme Court of India]] pigdirihe an [[Government of India]] na enmyendahan an kodigo code na tugotan an paggamit kan bandera nin mga pribadong namamanwaan. Dangan an [[Union Cabinet of India]] pighira an kodigo nin limitadong paggamit.  An kodigo pig'enmyenda girary kan 2005 na tugotan an dagdag na pag'usar kabali sa pagadaptar sa magkapirang porma nin paggugubing. An kidigo nin bandera pigdidikta an protocol sa pagpalayog kan bandera asin pag'usar kaini dapit sa mga sa mga okasyon.

== Mga Nota ==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;N&quot;}}

== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

=== Mga sinambit na ginunuan ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Virmani|first=Arundhati| author-link=Arundhati Virmani|title=A National Flag for India: Rituals, Nationalism and the Politics of Sentiment|url=https://archive.org/details/alf.2794.812.vir|publisher=Delhi, Permanent Black|year=2008| isbn=978-81-7824-232-3}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Virmani|first=Arundhati | title=National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March–August 1923| jstor=651278 | date=August 1999| journal=Past &amp; Present |issue=164 | pages=169–197 | doi=10.1093/past/164.1.169}}.
* {{Cite journal|last=Roy|first=Srirupa|title=A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906– |journal=Journal of Asian Studies|volume = 65| date = August 2006|oclc=37893507| issn=0021-9118| issue = 3}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Jha|first=Sadan | title=The Indian National Flag as a site of daily plebiscite| date=25 October 2008| journal=Economic and Political Weekly | pages=102–111|issn=0012-9976|oclc=1567377 }}
* {{cite web| title=Indian Standards| work=Bureau of Indian Standards| url=http://www.bis.org.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf| access-date=1 July 2005| archive-date=11 January 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111123731/https://bis.gov.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf%20| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=India| work=[[Flags of the World (website)|Flags of the World]]| url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html| access-date=30 June 2005| archive-date=18 October 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018060420/http://crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=India: Historical Flags| work=Flags of the World| url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-hist.html| access-date=30 June 2005| archive-date=1 June 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601003424/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-hist.html| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=Flying the real tricolour| work=Rediff.com| url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/jan/25flag.htm| access-date=1 July 2005| archive-date=19 October 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019205647/http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/jan/25flag.htm| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=My Flag, My Country| work=Rediff.com| url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm| access-date=1 July 2005| archive-date=21 November 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121183544/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm| url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|first=Trevor|last=Royle|title=The Last Days of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-W5QgAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=John Murray|isbn=978-0-7195-5686-9|page=217}}
{{Refend}}

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category|National flag of India}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisourcepar|Flag Code of India}}
* {{cite web | title= National Flag | work=National Portal of India |publisher=[[Government of India]]| url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_flag.php| access-date=8 February 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126160054/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_flag.php &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; | archive-date=26 January 2010}}
* {{cite web | title= History of Indian Tricolour | work=National Portal of India |publisher=[[Government of India]]| url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/national_flag.php| access-date=15 August 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809095826/http://india.gov.in/myindia/national_flag.php &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; | archive-date=9 August 2010}}
* {{cite web | title= Flag Code of India | publisher= Ministry of Home Affairs (India) | url= http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/pdf/flagcodeofindia.pdf | access-date= 26 July 2016 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211150/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/pdf/flagcodeofindia.pdf | archive-date= 19 October 2017}}
* {{FOTW|id=in|title=India}}

{{Symbols of India}}
{{Life in India}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}

[[Categorya:Mga bandera nin Indya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga banderang tolohan-kolor|Indya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga simboloNational symbols of India]]
[[Kategorya:National flags|India]]
[[Kategorya:1947 establishments in India]]
[[Kategorya:Flags introduced in 1947|India]]
[[Kategorya:Flags with circles]]
[[Kategorya:Horizontally symmetrical flags]]</text>
      <sha1>pt2w1xmz0koa54pxlftx97ki3rvm8yg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banwang Mursi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310499</id>
      <parentid>310444</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-19T23:23:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for  (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>310499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6898" sha1="jn9dgyt6305gu9p9kf3hcwy5yzvt6ae" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Mursi
| image            = File:Mursi Tribe, Ethiopia (8085545786).jpg
| image_caption    = Mursi men
| total            = 11,500
| total_year       = 2007
| regions          = Southwestern Ethiopia ([[Debub Omo Zone]])
| languages        = [[Mursi language]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[Animism]]|[[Christianity]]}}
| related_groups   = [[Mekan people|Me'en]], [[Suri people|Suri]], [[Kwegu people|Kwegu]]
| footnotes        = [https://www.mursi.org]
}}

[[File:Mursi Tribe, Ethiopia (8085545786).jpg|right|thumb|280px|Mga lalaking Mursi]]
[[File:Young woman in Mago NP.jpg|right|thumb|280px|Mga daragang Mursi may platong kahoy sa ngabil, sa Mago National Park]]

An '''Mursi''' (o '''Mun''' apod ninda sa sadiri)&lt;ref name=&quot;Turton 1973&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Turton|first=David|title=The Social Organisation of the Mursi: A Pastoral Tribe of the Lower Omo Valley, South West Ethiopia|year=1973|publisher=PhD Thesis|location=London School of Economics}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Introducing the Mursi|url=http://www.mursi.org/introducing-the-mursi/overview|publisher=University of Oxford|access-date=11 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong grupong etniko [[Surmic languages|Surmic]] sa [[Ethiopia]]. Kadakulan sainda haros nag'eerok sa [[Debub Omo Zone]] kan [[South Ethiopia Regional State]], harani sa [[Ethiopia-South Sudan border|pagdolonan nin South Sudan]]. Susog sa 2007 senso nasyonal, igwang mga 11,500 na Mursi, 848 sainda nagkaestar sa mga lugar na urban; sa total na bilang, 92.25% nag'eerok sa South Ethiopia Regional State.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf 2007 Ethiopian census, first draft], Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (accessed 6 May 2009)&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Map of zones of Ethiopia numbers.svg|thumb|Mapa nin Ethiopia na may Numeradong Sona]]
Napapalibotan nin mga bukid pag'ultan nin [[Omo River (Ethiopia)|Omo River]] asin an tributaryo na [[Mago River|Mago]], an nalulugaran kan Mursi iyo an saro sa mga taway na rehiyon kan nasyon. An mga kadolon niinda kabarali an  [[Aari'ng banwa|Aari]], an [[Banna'ng banwa|Banna]], an [[Bodi'ng banwa|Mekan]], an [[Karo'ng bvanwa  (Ethiopia)|Karo]], an [[Kwegu'ng banwa|Kwegu]], an [[Nyangatom na banwa|Nyangatom]] asn an [[Surma people|Suri]]. Sinda isinasaro sa mga Me'en asin Kwegu kan gobyernong Ethiopian sa grupong [[Surma'ng banwa|Surma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Neighbours|url=http://www.mursi.org/neighbours|publisher=Department of International Development, University of Oxford|access-date=11 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lenggwahe==
An Mursi tintaram an [[Lenggwaheng Mursi]] komo [[kinagima'tan na tataramon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Bende|first=M. Lionel|title=The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia|url=https://archive.org/details/nonsemiticlangua0000unse|year=1976|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonsemiticlangua0000unse/page/533 533]–61}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Yigezu|first=Moges |author2=Turton, David |title=Latin Based Mursi Orthography|journal=ELRC Working Papers, Ethiopian Languages Research Center, Addis Ababa University|year=2005|volume=1|issue=2|pages=242–57}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ini parte kan [[Mga lenggwaheng Surmic|Pamilyang lenggwaheng Surmic]].

== Relihiyon asin kultura ==

[[File:צלחת שפה של אנשי שבט מורסי באתיופיה.jpg|thumb|[[Platong ngabil|Mouthpiece plate]] kan tribung Mursi]]
Siring sa mga agro-pastol agro-pastol sa East Africa, an Mursi nagtutubod na igwang nakaka'eksperensya sindang pwersa na mas makapanygrihan sainda, na inaapod nindang ''Tumwi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Turton 1973&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mursi Online Editor&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Religion and HEaling|url=http://www.mursi.org/introducing-the-mursi/copy_of_duelling|publisher=Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford|access-date=11 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ini parati yaon sa kalangitan alagad napahiling man an ''Tumwi''  sa langit (''ahi a tumwin''), komo sarong hablng-dawani o sarong gamgam. An prinsipal o namamayo sa mga rilihiyosong ritual iyo an Kômoru, an Padi o Shaman. Ini minamanang katongdan, bakong arog kan mas impormal na papel politikal kan Jalaba. An Kômoru yaon saiya an kabilogan kan kalag nin grupo asin naghihiro representado an enterong komunidad sa pagkomunikar sa saindang diyos-diyos na (''Tumwi''), orog na kun an komunidad namimiligro sa mga kalamidad aropg kan paltik, damat o peste o kahelangan. An saiyang papel tinatanda kan pagperform nin mga ritwal publiko na magdar5a nin pag'uran, pagsangkob sa mga tawo sa peligro, pagsagang sa mga helang sa mga baka o sa mga tanom o mga pag'atake nin ibang mga tribu. Ini ngani danay may  koneksyon sa Tumwi, an Kômoru dai dapat maghale sa nalulugaran niyang komunidad na Mursiland o an grupong lokal niya (''bhuran'').Sarong klan partikular, an Komortê, iyo an konsiderado, par excellence, papadion o banal na klan, pero igwa pa man ibang mga papadion na mga pamilya sa ibang klan, na siring kan Garikuli asin Bumai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Turton 1973&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mursi Online Editor&quot;/&gt;


==Toltolan==
{{reflist|3}}

==Mga babasahon pa==
* (2000) Pancorbo, Luis: &quot;Los labios del río Omo&quot; en &quot;Tiempo de África&quot;, pp.&amp;nbsp;176–190. Laertes. Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-7584-438-3}}
* (2007) Silvester, Hans: ''Les Habits de la Nature'' Editions de la Martinière {{ISBN|978-2732458205}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{Commons category|Mursi people}}
*[http://www.mursi.org Mursi Online]
*[http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#m People of Africa]
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=muz The Mursi Language]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010223215807/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/tattoos/photo9.html National Geographic Photo Gallery]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061207073857/http://www.conservationrefugees.org/threatened.html Mursi in danger of denial of access or displacement]
*[http://www.mursi.org/pdf/african-parks-foundation.pdf/view An anthropologist's comments on the Mursi and the Omo Park situation] (also available as a [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080227155334/http://www.iucn.org/themes/ceesp/Wkg_grp/TGER/Notes%20for%2017%20May%20meeting.doc Word file])
*[http://www.african-parks.org African Parks Foundation]
*[http://www.mursi.org/who-are-the-mursi/languagetugo ''Mursi Online'' page on the Mursi 'Surmic' language (tugo)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120220041238/http://repository.forcedmigration.org/?search=mursi&amp;start=0&amp;rows=44&amp;sort= Full-text documents and journal articles about the Mursi] (Forced Migration Online, Digital Library)
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PUSPE_7ek8&amp;t=4s Walking With The Mursi is an adventure/travel documentary spanning four continents as David Willing hikes 500&amp;nbsp;km across Ethiopia's remote Omo Valley with Mursi tribes.

{{Ethnic groups in Ethiopia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Mga banwang Surmic]]
[[Kategorya:Mga grupong etniko sa Ethiopia]]
[[en:Mursi people]]</text>
      <sha1>jn9dgyt6305gu9p9kf3hcwy5yzvt6ae</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Juan 3:16</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>310500</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T11:19:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CarlessParking</username>
        <id>29749</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367757585|John 3:16]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>310500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="188" sha1="3ty2lcwve5n7yegrrbfavh46lzb6jal" xml:space="preserve">'''Huli ta namoot na gayo an Dios sa kinaban kaya itinao niya an saiyang bugtong na Aki tanganing an siisay man na magtubod saiya dai magadan kundi magkamit nin buhay na daing kataposan'''</text>
      <sha1>3ty2lcwve5n7yegrrbfavh46lzb6jal</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>310501</id>
      <parentid>310500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T11:23:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CarlessParking</username>
        <id>29749</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>310501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1509" sha1="lkzpz7hj3qgjucolwb9h771a2ciaxf6" xml:space="preserve">An '''Juan 3:16''' iyo an ikakag-anom na [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|verse]] sa ikatulong kapitulo kan [[Ebanghelyo ni Juan]], saro sa apat na ebanghelyo sa [[Bagong Tipan]]. Saro man iyan na summary kan sarong [[Christianity]]'s central doctrines—the relationship between the [[God in Christianity|Father (God)]] and the [[Jesus in Christianity|Son of God (Jesus)]]. Particularly famous among [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[Protestantism|Protestants]],  the verse has been frequently referenced by the Christian media and figures.

It reads:

&lt;blockquote&gt;{{lang|grc|Οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ὥστε τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται ἀλλ᾽ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In the [[King James Version]], this is translated as:

&lt;blockquote&gt;For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

John 3:16 appears in the conversation between [[Nicodemus]], a [[Pharisees|Pharisee]], who only appears in this gospel, and [[Jesus]], the Son of God, and shows the motives of God the Father on sending Jesus to save humanity.


'''Huli ta namoot na gayo an Dios sa kinaban kaya itinao niya an saiyang bugtong na Aki tanganing an siisay man na magtubod saiya dai magadan kundi magkamit nin buhay na daing kataposan'''</text>
      <sha1>lkzpz7hj3qgjucolwb9h771a2ciaxf6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>310502</id>
      <parentid>310501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T11:31:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CarlessParking</username>
        <id>29749</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>310502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1643" sha1="j96jh7cl7pttqf53fdli69owsya40l4" xml:space="preserve">An '''Juan 3:16''' iyo an ikakag-anom na [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|verse]] sa ikatulong kapitulo kan [[Ebanghelyo ni Juan]], saro sa apat na ebanghelyo sa [[Bagong Tipan]]. Saro man iyan na summary kan sarong sentral na mga doktrina kan [[Kristianismo]] —an relasyon sa pag-ultanan kan [[God in Christianity|Father (God)]] asin ni [[Hesus sa Kristianismo|Son of God (Jesus)]]. Partikular na bantog sa mga [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[Protestantism|Protestants]],  an bersikulo nagin parating reperensyado kan mga Christian media asin figures.

Iyan pigbabasa:

&lt;blockquote&gt;{{lang|grc|Οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ὥστε τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται ἀλλ᾽ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Sa [[King James Version]], pigtradusir iyan bilang:

&lt;blockquote&gt;For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Sa Bikol iyan pigtradusir bilang:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Huli ta namoot na gayo an Dios sa kinaban kaya itinao niya an saiyang bugtong na Aki tanganing an siisay man na magtubod saiya dai magadan kundi magkamit nin buhay na daing kasagkoran.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Minalataw an Juan 3:16 sa pag-urulay sa pag-ultanan ninda [[Nicodemus]], sarong [[Pharisees|Pariseo]], na solamenteng minalataw sa ebanghelyong ini, asin si [[Hesus]], an Aki kan Dios Son, asin minapahiling kan motibo kan Dios Ama sa pagpadara ki Hesus tanganing iligtas an sangkatawohan.</text>
      <sha1>j96jh7cl7pttqf53fdli69owsya40l4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>