Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Tanhaga 0 8087 311117 276706 2026-09-30T13:59:15Z CarlessParking 29749 311117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tanhaga.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Mga habolan sa [[Buhi, Camarines Sur]] Filipinas]] An '''tanhaga'''' inaapod man na '''tiral''' (hale sa Espanyol: ''telar''; tanaga, habulan) iyo an kasangkapan na ginagamit sa paghabol (pag'abul, sinasayod man) nin mga awat nin [[abaka]], jusi, cotton, asin iba pang awat hale sa mga tinanom o mga awat man na sintetiko. An habolan na ini parati gibo sana sa kahoy. Igwa na totoong mga modernong tanhaga ngonyan na an nagpapa'andar iyo an motor na de elektrisidad. ==Aksyon nin paghabol== An paghabol nangyayari sa pagsulok pabalagbag kan pugawa (Ingles, ''weft'') sa lindog (Ingles, ''warp''), an mga nakahotay na torsidong tindido sa habolan. ==Mayor na mga piyesa kan habolan== An mga piyesa kan simpleng tanhaga iyo an ''tampong'' o ''angkob'', ''sorod'', ''sikwan'' o ''lansadera'' (inaapod man na ''baroto''), ''poronan'', ''siton'', ''kugon'', ''tongtongan'', ''ligid'ligid''. An mga gamit na torsido o awat iyo an ''hina'nay na panlindog'', asin an ''torsidong pampugawa''. An huri ikinakarga sa sikwan. An bilog na porma kan tiral hinaman sa pormang rektangulo kun saen diyan nakakarabit an mga iba-ibang piyesa asin mga parte, maliban sa siton ta rapot na kasangkapan ini sa tilar. An pampugawa naghahale sa sino'got na abaka- kumbaga an hinahabol abaka (an maputing maputi klasipikadong kinabite) na parati pinapabakal sa pormang tinagak ngane dai maggoromon. An pampugawa iyo idtong pigsusulok paborobalagbag kan sikwan sa lindog kun naghahabol. [[ladawan:Loomwork.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Sarong babae sa [[Turkey]] naghahabol sa patindog na tanhaga]] [[ladawan:Weaving demonstrated on a historic loom in Leiden.webm|thumbtime=12|250px|Weaving demonstration on an 1830 handloom in the [[Museum Het Leids Wevershuis|weaving museum]] in [[Leiden]]]] [[ladawan:Japaneseweavera.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Amay kan ika-19ng siglong habolan nin Hapon kun saen magkapirang kugon napapahiro paagi kan bitis]] ==Pasabot manongod kan mga parte kan tanhaga'== An '''tampong''' o '''angkob''' iyo an kinakaagan asin nagpupugol kan sorod. Iyo ini an pigkakabig sa pagdusok kan pugawa. An '''sorod''' iyo an nagtataong sukol kan pagkarintok o pagkahaghag kan lindog. An '''sikwan''' (o, siko'an) na hitsurang baroto iyo an kinakaagan kan torsidong pampugawa. An '''poronan''' iyo an sinasabodan kan haman nang hinabol An '''siton''' iyo an rweda na pigpoporonan kan torsido sa paggibo nin pampugawa. An '''kugon''' iyo an nagbabaton kan lindog, pag'orooltan ngane makasulok an sikwan An '''tongtongan''' iyo an nagkokontrol kan pagtaas pagbaba kan kugon na parati duwa. An '''ligid'ligid''' iyo idtong nakabalagbag na (parati kawayan) na naglilitong'litong sa aksyon na pagbaba pagtaas kan duwang kugon.(hilnga, Pig. 2) An hina'nay iyo an paghutay kan mga torsidong panlindog.(hilnga: {Pig. 1) [[Ladawan:Warp and weft 2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An pugawa (weft) asin lindog (warp) sa hinabol pinapahiling]] ==Mga termino gamit sa paghabol== * '''pugi'''',an pagpoon paghabol pakaandam kan mga karabuhaton siring kan pagha'nay kan lindog, pagpuron kan pugawa sa sikwan, aip. * '''harukhok''', paghabol na iba an kolor/arok kan awat sa pugawa sa pagtaong desenyo. * '''su'got''', pagsumpay o pagtakod-takod kan mga awat na pinili na gamiton sa paghabol. * '''garas''', pagputol o pagtabas kan telang nahabol na sa laba' na ginugusto, halimbawa 3 o 4 na yarda. * '''tinagak''', an pinalikon na sinugot ngani ini dai magkagurumon. == Hablondawani== Sa [[Bikol Sentral|Bikol]], an katagang "hablondawani" ginuno sa duwang tataramon ''habol'', asin ''dawani''. Susog ki [[Marcos de Lisboa|Lisboa]] ini may istoryang soanoy. Si mga gugurang daang Bikolnon igwang pig'oosipon na kan mga lumang panahon igwang mahusay nanggad na parahabol, sarong babaeng nagngangaran Dawani. Kaya an pagtubod kan mga gugurang basta may [[hablondawani]] sa langit, ini sarong gibong hinabol ni Dawani. An paghabol nababanggit man sa epikong [[Ibalong]], na saro sa kabatiran asin paghanapbuhay na nano'dan kan mga antigong Bikolnon. ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/jacquard.htm Tanhagang Jacquard naimbento] * [http://www.montanalooms.com/ Mga Montanang tanhaga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330161813/http://www.montanalooms.com/ |date=2010-03-30 }} * [http://www.interweave.com/weave/projects_articles/Weaving-terms.pdf Mga termino sa paghabol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102054102/http://interweave.com/weave/projects_articles/Weaving-terms.pdf |date=2010-01-02 }} * Mga parahabol sa Buhi, Cam Sur.[https://dateline-ibalon.com/2024/06/the-weavers-of-buhi-a-tradition-of-craftsmanship-and-sustainability/]Kinua 2024-07-17. ==Mga piyesa/hitsura kan tanhaga== <gallery> File:Hina'nay.jpg|thumb|Pig.1. An hina'nay bago ilindog File:Pitik sa toong gilid kan tanhaga.jpg|thumb|Pig. 2. An puting lindog, na may apat na kugon File:Sadit na tanhaga.jpg|thumb|Pig. 3. An pulang pampugawa sa sikwan File:Siton.jpg|thumb|Pig. 4. Siton ladawan:Patent model for loom.jpg|De motor na tanhaga File:Tanhagang sadit.jpg|thumb|Sadit na tanhaga File:Tanhagang halakbang papa.jpg|thumb|Halakbang na papa File:Hinabol na tamong.jpg|thumb|Mga tamong hinabol </gallery> ==Ginonoan== * Mga retrato kan ibang tiral pigtampok igdi pinitik sa Butingting Woven Products, Bgy Lourdes, Buhi, Camarines Sur, Filipinas. An ibang mga tanhaga naretrato asin namomogtak sa Las Pinas City. {{saringsing}} 54d6srnyesvcpwv8idnc0rk100nc7yv Tel Aviv 0 9032 311122 310920 2026-09-30T14:21:49Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 311122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Panorama Tel Aviv.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Tel Aviv]] [[File:Channel2 - Tel Aviv.webm|thumb|right|300px|thumbtime=00:03]] An '''Tel Aviv''' (Pagsayod sa Ingles: /ˌtɛl əˈviːv/[2]), opisyalmente Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebreo: תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ‎, Hebreo "Spring Mound"-Jaffa; Arabo: تل أبيب‎ Tall ʾAbīb), iyo an ikaduwang pinakamatawong siyudad sa [[Israel]], na may populasyon na 404,400.[1] An siyudad namomogtak sa parte kan Mediteraneong kosa kan Israel asin ini may hiwas na 51.4 kilometro kwadrado (19.8 mi kwadrado)). Ini man an pinakadakula asin pinakamatawong lugar sa [[Gush Dan]], erokan kan 3.3 milyon na residente (2010). An siyudad sakop kan munisipyo nin Tel Aviv-Yafo, asin an namomoon iyo si Ron Huldai. An mga residente igdi inaapod na Tel Avivim. == Mga panluwas na takod == * [http://atlas.co.il/ Boutique Hotels in tel Aviv] * [http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/ The official Tel Aviv municipality website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060126234610/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Arabic/ The official Tel Aviv municipality website] {{he icon}} * [http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Arabic/ The official Tel Aviv municipality website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060126234610/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Arabic/ |date=2006-01-26 }} {{ar icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324101315/http://www.israelinarabic.com/?p=605 The History of Tel Aviv] {{ar icon}} * [http://www.visit-tlv.com Tel Aviv official tourism website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821005747/http://www.visit-tlv.com/ |date=2020-08-21 }} * [http://www.telavivfoundation.org The Tel Aviv Foundation] * [http://www.gaytlvguide.com The Gay Guide to Tel Aviv] * [http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/Tourism/Beaches/BeachesList.htm Tel Aviv beach guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409155552/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/Tourism/Beaches/BeachesList.htm |date=2009-04-09 }} * [http://www.israelweather.co.il/english/week.asp?tbSelCity=16 8 days forecast in Tel Aviv ] == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} r6yiuef3qdkxyxmxwpbxanv87flzrtw Kalawag 0 13919 311131 311094 2026-10-01T04:52:46Z Ringer 55 /* Kataytayan nin mga ladawan */ 311131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox | name = Kalawag | image = Native Turmeric Cooktown.jpg | image_caption = Tinanom na kalawag | image2 = Curcuma longa roots.jpg | image2_caption = Pulbos kan unod | genus = Curcuma | species = longa | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="Kew">{{cite web|title=''Curcuma longa'' L.|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796451-1|publisher=Plants of the World Online, Kew Science, Kew Gardens, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England|accessdate=26 March 2018|date=2018}}</ref> | synonyms = ''Curcurma domestica'' <small>Valeton</small> }} An '''kalawag''' <ref>Adrados, Jerry Escoto. Daratangan Na Olay:Common Language of Bikolnon, Copyright 2012. p. 169. ISBN 978-971-05468-0-1. Kinua 11-01-17</ref><ref> calauag.http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aqa2025.0001.001/473?q1=calauag&view=image&size=175. p. 54. Kinua 11-01-17</ref> o '''tamangyan''' ([[Ingles]]: ''turmeric''; ''Curcuma longa'') sarong tinanom kaiba sa pamilya nin mga [[laya]], an inaapod na Zingiberaceae. Ini tal na tubo sa Habagatan Asya na kaipohan an temperaturang 20 asin 30 °C (68 asin 86 °F) asin bastanteng uran ngani magin matubang an pagtalubo. An tinanom na ini ginugusi huli sa unod kaini (rhizome). Ini ginagamit na tugma' o pankolor sa mga pagkakan sa Bangladeshi, Indyano, Pakistani asin Iranong giso na nagtataong mairom na kolor na giyaw-narangha asin ginagamit man sa pagbulong manlaenlaen na kahelangan. An mga unod kaini ginaga'ga' mga 45 minuto, dangan dinadangdang sa laog nin mainit na oven asin paka'agil, dinudokdok o ginigiling na magin pinong pulbos.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/ Kinua 11-01-17</ref> Sa Bandang Minalabac, inaapod man ining '''duláw'''. ==Mga kinaugalean na pag'usar kaini== Ribo nang taon sa Asya na an kalawag nagsisirbing parte kan Siddhang medisina. Enot ini nagagamit komo tugma', dnangan inuusar nang bulong huli ta pigtutubod ini pampalasaw sa dugo, bilang antioxidant, pampakupos sa gatok, pampakalma sa arthritis, pampalikay sa colon cancer asin bulong man sa tendinitis asin bursitis. Bilang tugma' gamit ini sa seda, koton, asin wool. Sa sarong ekspiremento man, nahiling na an pagsalak kaini sa pagkakan, igwang sayod na maray na epekto sa genes, orog na idtong may kuneksyon sa helang na depression, hapo, eczema asin kanser.<ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37408293 Kinua 9-01-17</ref> Sa pagkakan, ini ginagamit ngane magtaong kolor giyaw na nagbuburubulawan. Ginagamit ini sa de latang mga inomon, mga cake o mamon, mga produkto panggatas, mga sorbetes, yogurt, orange juice, biskwit, popcorn, cereal, sarsa, gulaman asin sa mga pulbos na curry. An unod kaini asin mga dahon nagtataong maisog na amyo na mahamot man sa pamarong. An dahon gamit man pamatos sa kakanon. Maski totoo parati an inalang asin pinulbos nang unod kasini an gamit sa mga resipeng Asyano, an iba man la'bas na unod an inaatsara. Ini rekado man sa mga luto sa Taangang Sujbangan asin sas Habagatan Asya. Mga gisong Irano arog kan khoresh, napoon sa pag'arnibal sa lana kan mga sibulyas asin unod-kalawag bago sinasalak an ibang ingrediente o sangkap. An Morokanong rekadong timpla na ras el hanout may salak na kalawag. Sa Indya asin Nepal, an kalawag mahiwas na tinatanom asin gamit na maray sa mga gisong gulay asin karne sa pagtaong kolor igdi asin gamit man sa tradisyonal na medisina igdi. Sa Sud Aprika, an kalawag ginaagmit pagtaong kolor buru-bulawan sa sinapnang puting bagas. Sa Byetnam siring man, an kalawag pangtaong kolor sa mga luto igding bánh xèo, bánh khọt, asin mi quang. An pulbos pati kaini sinasalak man sa sabaw o pagpritos. An Kambodyang pastang curry na inapod na kroeung na parati gamit sa dakul na giso arog kan Amok, sinasalakan nin bagong kalot na kalawag. Sa Indonesya, an dahon kalawag pirming yaon salak sa curry kan Sumatra arog kan rendang, sate padang asin iba pa. Sa Thailand, bagong kalot na unod nin kalawag inuusar sa dakul na mga giso arog kan yellow curry asin sopa. Sa Medieval na Europa mas nauso an gamit kan pulbos na kalawag ta mas barato kisa sa rekadong saffron.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/ Kinua 11-01-17</ref> ==Mga iba pang pakinabang sa arte nin pagbulong== An kalawag igwang mayor na aktibong ingrediente nanggad na nakakarahay sa mga kamatean: an inaapod na curcumin. Ini may maisog na epektong anti-inflammmatory asin makusog na anti-oxidant. Sa mga pagsukit sa mas hararom na kanoodan, nadiskubre na an curcumin nakakatabang na gayo sa paglikay sa mga helang sa hutok asin sa puso.<ref>https://authoritynutrition.com/top-10-evidence-based-health-benefits-of-turmeric/ Kinua 10-01-17</ref> An kalawag binubulong man sa arthritis, dyspepsia, kulog nin mga ngalo-ngaloan, kulog-tulak, Crohn's disease, colitis, pagdudugo, pagbugris, bu'dal, pagbutog tulak, pagka'maamli pagkakan, pagdadarag kublit, mga helang sa katoy, mga helang sa butog, halangkaw na cholesterol, asin sa pagkakapoy kan hawak.<ref> http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-662-turmeric.aspx?activeingredientid=662 Kinua 11-01-17</ref> Ibinubulong man ini sa kulog-payo, bronchitis, sipon, impeksyon sa baga, amotol, kalentura, problema sa pag'iiyo, paggagatol kublit, pagmalaymay sa operasyon, asin sa mga kanser. Ginagamit man ini sa diabetes, sa halod, tuberkulosis, asin problema sa bato. <ref>http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-662-turmeric.aspx?activeingredientid=662 Kinua 11-01-17</ref> An iba piglalahid ini sa kulog kublit, panaw, mga pagtamilis asin paggagatok kan mga ngalo-ngaloan, mga rungas, kagat linta, impeksyon sa mata, impeksyhon sa lugad, helang sa ngaros asin mga lugad-lugad sa kublit.<ref>http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-662-turmeric.aspx?activeingredientid=662 Kinua 11-01-17</ref> == Kataytayan nin mga ladawan == <gallery> File:Turmeric Flower Maharashtra India.jpg|Burak kan kalawag File:Turmeric.JPG|Patanoman nin kalawag sa sarong barrio sa India Ladawan:Turmeric sprout.jpg|Tambo' kan kalawag Ladawan:Turmeric-powder.jpg|Giniling na kalawag </gallery> ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [https://draxe.com/turmeric-benefits/ 10 Turmeric Benefits: Superior to Medications?] Kinua 11-01-17. * [http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=78 Turmeric] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120150114/http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=78 |date=2016-11-20 }}. Kinua 11-01-17. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Curcuma|longa]] [[Kategorya:Mga tinanom sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga gisong ginagamitan kan kalawag]] bckop52ven48hzgnd33rfvr13cwihu5 Lista kan mga Salog Uyon sa Rikas nin Pagbulos 0 14678 311132 310792 2026-10-01T07:14:50Z River.discharge 32199 Lista 1,000 m³/s; 311132 wikitext text/x-wiki Lista ini kan mga salog susog sa saindang rikas nin pagdalihig. Idto sanang mga salog na may pagbulos dai mababa sa 1,000 metro kubiko por segundo an mga nakaag sa listahan. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="6" align="center"|[[Continent]] color key |- |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|[[Africa]] |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia]] |bgcolor="#CCFF66"|[[Oceania]] |bgcolor="#FFCCFF"|[[Europe]] |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America]] |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="5" align="center"|[[Ocean]] color key |- |bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Atlantic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Pacific Ocean]] |bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Indian Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Arctic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF8DC"|[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic]] |} {{table alignment}} {| class="sortable col1right col4right col5right col6right" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#ffffff;font-size:90%;" |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align:center;font-size:105%;" ! rowspan="2" | No ! colspan="2" | River name ! rowspan="2" | Average<br />discharge<br />(m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Drainage<br />area<br />(km²) ! rowspan="2" | Length<br />(km)<br /> ! rowspan="2" | Outflow ! rowspan="2" | Notes, references |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align: center;font-size:105%;" !Primary !Tributary |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America|SA]]1|| '''[[Amazon River|Amazon]]''' ||| {{formatnum:209000}}|| {{formatnum:6020438}} || {{formatnum:6575}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Amazon|group=n|The Amazon is the '''largest river in the world by discharge'''. Average discharge at near mouth 209,000 m³/s (period 1973 to 1990); [[River source|Source or headwater]]: Amazon and [[Solimões River|Solimões]] ([[Main stem|main stem]] 3,837 km)–'''[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]''' (main stem 1,668 km; drainage area 352,304 km²; average discharge at [[Requena, Loreto|Requena]] 12,200 m³/s, and 12,600 m³/s at near mouth, 1981–2020)–'''[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]''' (main stem 158 km; 131,726 km²; 2,892 m³/s)– '''[[Ene River|Ené]]''' (main stem 181 km; 108,767 km²; 2,046 m³/s)–'''[[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]''' (main stem 666 km; 64,734 km²; 1,050 m³/s)–Hornillos (65 km) → Total length 6,575 km (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]); The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazon branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The Rio Pará estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. If Amazon with Rio Pará considered as a water system, the catchment area is 6,925,674 km² (according to ''ANA''), the total discharge averages at [[Amazon Delta]] 223,700 m³/s (or 220,800 m³/s for the period 1973–1990, according to ''HyBAM'').}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien">{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=Hydrologie du bassin amazonien|date=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale |publisher=Belin }}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras">{{cite report|url=https://www.snirh.gov.br/portal/snirh/centrais-de-conteudos/conjuntura-dos-recursos-hidricos/regioeshidrograficas2014.pdf|title=Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras|docket=Edição Especial|author=Agéncia Nacional de Águas (ANA)|publisher=Superintendência de Planegiamento de Recursos Hídricos (SPR)|page=163|isbn=978-85-8210-027-1|date=2015|website=www.snirh.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}</ref><ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=43&catid=191&Itemid=179|title=Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America">{{cite journal|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|doi=10.1029/GB003i003p00241|url=https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241|last1=Charles J.|first1=Vörösmarty|last2=Berrien|first2=Moore III|last3=Annette L.|first3=Grace|last4=M. Patricia|first4=Gildea|last5=Jerry M.|first5=Melille|last6=Bruce|first6=Peterson|last7=Edward|first7=B. Rastetter|last8=Paul|first8=A. Steudler|title=Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America|date=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=241–265|bibcode=1989GBioC...3..241V |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2007">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Avijit|title=Large rivers: geomorphology and management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC&pg=PA31|accessdate=18 April 2011|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-84987-3|page=31}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538940902746082|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|last1=S.|first1=Liu|last2=P.|first2=Lu|last3=D.|first3= Liu|last4=P.|first4=Jin|last5=W.|first5=Wang|page=80-87|volume=2|issue=1|date=2009 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.ufpa.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/d60fc02c-cfb2-43ca-82e8-a1c8b040224c/content|title=Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte|last=Ishihara|first=Júnior Hiroyuki|publisher=Dados Internacionais de Catalogação de publicação (CIP), Biblioteca do NAEA/UFPA|location=Belém (Pará, Brazil)|date=2015|page=246|website=repositorio.ufpa.br}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |[[Africa|AF]]2|| '''[[Congo River|Congo]]''' | || {{formatnum:41400}}|| {{formatnum:3712316}}|| {{formatnum:5118}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Congo (Zaire)|group=n|Average discharge at [[Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Banana]] (near mouth) 1,308 km³/year, at [[Kinshasa]] and [[Brazzaville]] 40,500 m³/s (1902–2021). The Congo is the '''second or third largest river in the world by discharge'''. Source or headwaters: Congo (main stem 2,300 km)–'''[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]''' (above [[Boyoma Falls]] at [[Kisangani]]–Luvua River mouth main stem 978 km – total length 2,074 km, drainage area 969,518 km², average discharge 7,640 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa">{{cite journal|journal=Water|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2613|title=Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa|last1=Laraque|first1=Alain|last2=Moukandi N'kaya|first2=Guy D.|page=36|year=2020|volume=12|issue=9|doi=10.3390/w12092613|bibcode=2020Water..12.2613L|doi-access=free}}</ref>–'''[[Luvua River|Luvua]]''' (main stem 388 km, 263,090 km², 644 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Mweru]] (Luapula inflow–Luvua outflow 116 km)–'''[[Luapula River|Luapula]]''' (main stem 555 km – total length 918 km, 173,709 km², 754 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Bangweulu]] and [[Bangweulu Wetlands]] (Chambeshi inflow–Luapula outflow 110 km)–'''[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]''' (671 km, 60,425 km², 447 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/> → Total length 5,118 km;}}<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|date=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}</ref><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3|number=6|pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D}}</ref><ref name="Congo River">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/congo?catid=215&Itemid=0 |title=Congo River |last=Eric |first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrology|url=http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf|title=Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries|last1=Pavla|first1=Pekárová|last2=Pavol|first2=Miklánek|last3=Ján|first3=Pekár|page=62-79|date=2003 |volume=274 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00397-9 |bibcode=2003JHyd..274...62P }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA3|| '''[[Orinoco]]''' | || {{formatnum:39000}}|| {{formatnum:1014797}}|| {{formatnum:3010}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Orinoco|group=n|Average discharge at [[Orinoco Delta]], 1983–2020; The Orinoco is the '''third or fourth largest river in the world by discharge'''; Source or headwater: Orinoco (lower and middle Orinoco main stem 1,250 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 2,140 km;)–'''[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]''' (main stem 1,220 km, drainage area 151,607 km², average discharge 7,529 m³/s – period 1926 to 2011)–'''[[Guayabero River|Guayabero]]''' (540 km, 24,346 km²; 986 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref> → Total length 3,010 km;}}<ref name="XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos">{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|date=2022}}</ref><ref name="La geografía del agua">{{cite book|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael |first1=Córdova |last2=Marcelo González |first2=Sanabria|last3=Arnoldo|first3=José Gabaldón|publisher=Fundación Empresas Polar|date=2015|isbn=978-980-379-354-8|page=103-140}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/orinoco?catid=10&Itemid=0|title=Orinoco|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia|AS]]4||'''[[Yangtze]]''' | || {{formatnum:31900}}|| {{formatnum:1949515}}||{{formatnum:6236}}||bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[East China Sea]]||{{refn|name=Yangtze|group=n|Average discharge at [[Yangtze Delta]] 995.8 km³/year, period 1955–2021; Source or headwater: Yangtze (main stem 2,767 km)–'''[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]''' (main stem 2,290 km; drainage area 471,454 km²; average discharge 5,069 m³/s)–'''[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]''' (main stem 813 km; 139,955 km²; 427 m³/s)–[[Dangqu River|Dangqu]] (366 km; 31,254 km²; 196 m³/s) → Total length 6,236 km;}}<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=222&catid=373&Itemid=179|title=Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA5|| |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|'''Rio Negro''']] || {{formatnum:30641}} || {{formatnum:765335}} || {{formatnum:2362}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]||{{refn|name=Rio Negro|group=n|Average discharge at [[Manaus]] 30,641 m³/s, 1979–2015 (28,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwaters: Rio Negro (main stem 1,700 km)–'''[[Guanía River|Guainía]]''' (length 662 km, drainage area 31,284 km², average discharge 2,433 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010"/> → Total length 2,362 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM">{{cite report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650if_/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM|work=Relatório Técnico RT 03–Diagnóstico, prognóstico e cenários futuros dos recursos hídricos do estado–Tomo II|last=Adejalmo|first=Figueiredo Gazen|publisher=Governo do Estado do Amazonas, Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente (SEMA)|date=2019}}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin">{{cite journal|title=Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin|last1=Emilio|first1=Mayorga|last2=Miles G.|first2=Longsdon|last3=Maria Victoria|first3=R. Ballester|last4=Jeffrey E.|first4=Richey|journal=Journal of Hydrology |year=2005|volume=315 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–182 |doi=10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2005.03.023|s2cid=8107631 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA6 | |[[Madeira River|'''Madeira''']] || {{formatnum:30173}}|| {{formatnum:1322782}}|| {{formatnum:3518}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Madeira|group=n|Average discharge 30,173 m³/s, 1979–2015 (31,200 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Madeira (main stem 1,450 km)–'''[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]''' (main stem 1,042 km – total length 1,298 km, drainage area 633,613 km²; average discharge 7,743 m³/s)–'''[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Río Grande o Guapay]]''' (820 km; 106,396 km²; 727 m³/s)–[[Caine River|Caine]] (119 km)–[[Rocha River|Rocha]] (69 km)–Mailanco (18 km) → Total length 3,518 km; The Madeira is thus one of the '''three longest tributaries in the world''', along with the [[Irtysh]] and the [[Missouri River|Missouri]]. The confluence of the '''Madeira''' River estuary with the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] is a complex process. The Amazon River acts as a dam, carrying four times as much water despite its almost flat fall. Furthermore, the Madeira River has a significant [[sediment load]] (450×10⁶ ton/year). This is the same as the Amazon River, despite its lower volumetric flow, and is deposited where the current slows down. The Madeira River estuary is therefore a type of [[Estuary|delta]] that extends for more than 300 km along the southern coast of the Amazon. A western branch, the ''Parana Madeirinha'', branches off the main riverbed 200 km upstream of the estuary. This branch is fed by a major tributary, the [[Igapó-Açu River|Igapó-Açu]]. It flows into the Amazon River 12 km upstream of the main riverbed of the Madeira River. A 450 km long eastern branch, the ''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'' (also known as the ''Paraná do Ramos''), branches off from the main river 100 km from the mouth and flows eastward parallel to the Amazon River. This branch isolates the large [[Tupinambarana]] island (area 11,850 km²), which is actually made up of four swampy islands surrounded by the river to the south and by branches of the Amazon to the north. It is fed by several tributaries: the [[Canumã River|Canumã]], the [[Abacaxis River|Abacaxis]], the [[Maués Açu River|Maués Açu]] and the [[Mamuru River|Mamuru]] Rivers. The Paraná do Urariá (or Paraná do Ramos) joins the Amazon near the city of [[Parintins]], 310 km downstream from the mouth of the main river Madeira. If these two branches and the tributaries that flow into them are added to the Madeira River, the total [[Drainage basin|drainage area]] 1,496,852 km², and the average [[Discharge regime|discharge]] exceeds 35,000 m³/s. This makes the Madeira the most abundant of the tributaries, surpassing major rivers such as the [[Yangtze]] (and only slightly behind the discharge of the [[Orinoco]] River), and the '''fifth largest river in the world''' in terms of discharge.}}<ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/medio-ambiente/recursos-hidricos-cuadros-estadisticos|title=Recursos Hídricos - INE|website=www.ine.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)">{{cite web|url= https://datos.siarh.gob.bo/biblioteca/406|title=Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)|website=datos.siarh.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia">{{cite report |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers10-12/010020120.pdf |title=Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia |last1=Michel-Alain |first1=Roche |last2=Carlos |first2=Fernandez Jauregui |last3=Angel |first3=Aliaga Rivera |last4=Jorge |first4=Peña Mendez |last5=Edgar |first5=Salas Rada |last6=José Luis |first6=Montaño Vargas |publisher=UNESCO, ORSTOM, ORCYT |location=La Paz (Bolívia), Montevideo (Uruguay) |isbn=92-9089-029-0 |date=1992}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS7|| [[Brahmaputra River|'''Brahmaputra''']] | ||27,000 || 641,964|| {{formatnum:3848}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Padma River|Padma]], [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]], [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{refn|name=Brahmaputra|group=n|Entire Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra and Upper Meghna Basin; Average discharge 850 km³/year (Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra 700 km³/year, Upper Meghna 150 km³/year – period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: Lower Meghna (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Jamuna (main stem 337 km)–Brahmaputra (main stem 738 km)–'''Siang or Dihang''' (main stem 294 km; drainage area 256,374 km²; average discharge 5,037 m³/s)–'''[[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Yarlung Tsangpo]]''' (main stem 2,229 km; 241,691 km²; 2,899 m³/s) → Total length 3,848 km;<ref name="The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau">{{cite journal|journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260524184_The_impact_of_climate_change_on_runoff_in_the_Yarlung_Tsangpo_River_basin_in_the_Tibetan_Plateau|title=The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau|last1=Li|first1=Fapeng|last2=Xu|first2=Zongxue|last3=Liu|first3=Wenfeng|last4=Zhang|first4=Yongqiang|doi=10.1007/s00477-013-0769-z|volume=28|pages=517–526|date=2014}}</ref>}}{{refn|name=Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin|group=n|The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna is the '''second largest river in the world by discharge'''. Between 1990 and 2020, about 1,350 km³/year (period from 1921 to 1985: 43,704 m³/s) of freshwater flowed into the [[Bay of Bengal]] through the [[Ganges Delta]]. This includes the amount of water diverted from the Ganges at [[Farakka Barrage]] and flowing out through the mouth of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. This combined river (total drainage area 1,731,334 km²) system delivers '''the largest amount of sediment in the world''' to the Bay of Bengal. Sediment load to some estimates, 1,840–2,177 million tons per year.<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR" />}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020|last1=Hanquan|first1=Yang|last2=Tianshen|first2=Mei|last3=Xiaoyan|first3=Chen|volume=16|number=2|doi=10.3390/rs16020396|doi-access=free|date=2024 |page=396 |bibcode=2024RemS...16..396Y }}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ganga-ganges-brahmaputra?catid=219&Itemid=0|title=Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios">{{cite journal|journal=Environmental Research Letters|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac8ca1|last1=Anne|first1=Gädeke|last2=Michel|first2=Wortmann|last3=Christoph|first3=Menz|last4=Saiful|first4=Islam|last5=Muhammad|first5=Masood|last6=Valentina|first6=Krysanova|last7=Stefan|first7=Lange|last8=Fred|first8=Fokko Hattermann|title=Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios|date=2022|volume=17|number=9|bibcode=2022ERL....17i4036G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|doi=10.3390/rs11050501|last1=Biswa|first1=Bhattacharya|last2=Maurizio|first2=Mazzoleni|last3=Reyne|first3=Ugay|title=Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products|date=2019|volume=11|issue=5|page=501 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019RemS...11..501B }}</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |url-access=subscription|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.001|title=Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers|last1=Xiang|first1=Huang|last2=Mika|first2=Sillanpää|last3=Egil|first3=T. Gjessing|last4=Rolf|first4=D. Vogt|publisher=ELSEVIER|location=Oslo (Norway), Lhasa (China), Mikkeli (Finland)|url=https://www.academia.edu/14442737|volume=407|issue=24|pages=6242–6254|issn=0048-9697|date=2009|journal=Science of the Total Environment |pmid=19783282 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.6242H }}</ref><ref name="The Restless River">{{cite report|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471631520173475/pdf/The-Restless-River-Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra-Jamuna.pdf|title=The Restless River|docket=Yarlung Tsangpo–Siang–Brahmaputra–Jamuna|last1=Ganesh|first1=Pangare|last2=Bushra|first2=Nishat|last3=Xiawei|first3=Liao|last4=Halla|first4=Maher Qaddumi|publisher=World Bank Group, United Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|location=Washington (United States)|page=428|date=2021|website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America|NA]]8||'''[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]''' | || {{formatnum:21300}} ||{{formatnum:3265753}}|| {{formatnum:6084}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Mexico]]||{{refn|name=Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi with [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]; Average discharge at [[Mississippi Delta]] 673 km³/year (Mississippi 474, Atchafalaya 199 km³/year), 1981–2021; Source or headwater: Mississippi (lower and middle Mississippi main stem 1,954 km)–'''[[Missouri River|Missouri]]''' (main stem 3,726 km, drainage area 1,376,180 km², average discharge 2,778 m³/s)–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]] (134 km, 24,915 km², 69 m³/s)–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]] (111 km, 12,318 km², 41 m³/s)–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]] (113 km, 4,092 km², 16 m³/s)–[[Hell Roaring Creek]] (46 km, 441 km², 4 m³/s) → Total length 6,084 km;<ref name="Missouri">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/missouri?catid=320&Itemid=637|title=Missouri|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data">{{cite web |url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dvstat/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=07289000&amp;por_07289000_79165=1872479,00060,79165,2008-01-01,2022-09-29&amp;format=html_table&amp;stat_cds=mean_va&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |title=Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data |date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|doi-access=free|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|number=19|page=3044 |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}</ref><ref name="Lower Mississippi">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/lower-mississipi?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Lower Mississippi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)">{{cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/mississippiatchafalaya-river-basin-marb|title=The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)|date=March 24, 2015|website=epec.gov}}</ref><ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin">{{cite report|last1=Donald A.|first1=Goolsby|last2=William A.|first2=Battaglin|last3=Gregory B.|first3=Lawrence|last4=Richard S.|first4=Artz|last5=Brent T.|first5=Aulenbach|last6=Richard P.|first6=Hooper|last7=Dennis R.|first7=Keeney|last8=Gary J.|first8=Stensland|title=Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin|url=http://rcn.montana.edu/Resources/LRES555/Final_Exam/CENRreport.pdf|publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5164/|title=Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007|last1=William A.|first1=Battaglin|last2=Brent T.|first2=Aulenbach|last3=Aldo|first3=Vecchia|last4=Herbert T.|first4=Buxton|publisher=USGS}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS9||'''[[Yenisei]]''' | || {{formatnum:20200}}|| {{formatnum:2588752}}|| {{formatnum:5816}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Yenisei|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 637 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Yenisei (lower and middle main stem 2,249 km)–'''[[Angara]]''' (main stem 1,849 km; drainage area 1,069,040 km²; average discharge 4,530 to 5,250 m³/s)–[[Lake Baikal]] (Selenga inflow–Angara outflow 238 km)–'''[[Selenga]]''' (main stem 1,024 km; 447,060 km²; 964 m³/s)–[[Ider River|Ider]] (456 km; 24,555 km²; 65 m³/s) → Total length 5,816 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|doi-access=free|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917|pmid=34824255|pmc=8617260|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://arcticgreatrivers.org/rivers|title=Arctic Great Rivers Observatory|website=arcticgreatrivers.org}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=217&catid=367&Itemid=179|title=Siberian Basins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean">{{cite report|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/60722.pdf|title=A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean|last1=V. V.|first1=Gordeev|last2=J. M.|first2=Martin|last3=I. S.|first3=Sidorov|last4=M. V.|first4=Sidorova|publisher=American Journal of Science (AJS)|location=Moscow (Russia), Tiksi Sakha (Yakutiya, Russia), Ispra (Italy)|volume=296|pages=664–691|date=1996|website=www.ajsonline.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA10||[[Paraná River|'''Paraná''']] | || {{formatnum:19706}}|| {{formatnum:2630667}}|| {{formatnum:4352}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Río de la Plata]]||{{refn|name=Paraná|group=n|The average discharge of the Paraná River at the [[Paraná Delta]] (19,706 m³/s), covers a 40-year period (1971–2010); Drainage area 2,630,667 km²; Source or headwater: Paraná (main stem 2,897 km)–'''[[Rio Grande (Paraná River tributary)|Rio Grande]]''' (length 1,455 km; drainage area 143,656 km²; average discharge 2,435 m³/s) → Total length 4,352 km; The common estuary of the Paraná and [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] rivers is the [[Río de la Plata|La Plata]]. The La Plata is about 327 km total length (inner fluvial zone 225 km). Its drainage basin is 3,182,064 km² (basin size with endorheic area 4,144,000 km²). It is estimated that about 27,225 m³/s of freshwater flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the estuary (1971–2010). Some consider the La Plata to be a river, others a bay.}}<ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT">{{cite report|url=https://cicplata.org/es/documentos-principales|title=Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT|website=www.cicplata.org|author=Comité Intergubernamental Coordinator (CIC)|publisher=CIC, Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment (UN), Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Organización of American States (OAS)|location=Buenos Aires (Argentina), Piso (Paraguay)|isbn=978-987-4187-01-7|page=308|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata">{{cite report|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca2141en/CA2141EN.pdf|title=Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata|author=FAO AQUASTAT|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)|location=Rome (Italy)|page=18|date=2016|website=www.openknowledge.fao.org}}</ref><ref name="La Plata (Parana)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/la-plata-parana?catid=336&Itemid=0|title=La Plata (Parana)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS11|| '''[[Lena River|Lena]]''' | || {{formatnum:18300}}|| {{formatnum:2492004}} || {{formatnum:4692}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Laptev Sea]]||{{refn|name=Lena|group=n|Average discharge at Lena Delta 581 km³/year, period from 1984 to 2018; Source or headwaters: Lena (lower and middle Lena main stem 2,714 km)–'''[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]''' (main stem 1,837 km, drainage area 234,219 km², average discharge 2,379 m³/s)–Vitimkan (141 km) → Total length 4,692 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kalugin|first1=A. S.|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|journal=Water Resources|date=1 October 2018|volume=45|issue=1|pages=102–111|doi=10.1134/S0097807818050366|bibcode=2018WRes...45S.102K|s2cid=134779637}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA12|| |[[Japurá River|'''Japurá''']] || {{formatnum:18122}}|| {{formatnum:276812}}|| {{formatnum:2816}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA13 | |[[Marañón River|'''Marañón''']] || {{formatnum:17400}}|| {{formatnum:364873}}|| {{formatnum:1905}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Marañón|group=n|Average discharge at San Regis, 1981–2020 (16,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Hydrologic source of Amazon River (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]);}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability">{{cite journal|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|title=The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability|last1=Claire|first1=F. Beveridge|last2=Jhan-Carlo|first2=Espinoza|last3=Simone|first3=Athayde|last4=Sandra|first4=Bibiana Correa|last5=Thiago|first5=B. A. Couto|last6=Sebastian|first6=A. Heilpern|last7=Clinton|first7=N. Jenkins|last8=Natalia|first8=C. Piland|last9=Renata|first9=Utsunomiya|last10=Sly|first10=Wongchuig|last11=Elizabeth|first11=P. Anderson|doi=10.1073/pnas.2306229121|volume=121|date=2024|number=22 |article-number=e2306229121 |doi-access=free |pmid=38722826 |pmc=11145265 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12106229B }}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón">{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/36155977|title=Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón|last=José|first=Serra Vega|page=75|date=2017|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)">{{cite journal|url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12543/1063|title=Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)|journal=Autoridad Nacional del Agua|date=1980|hdl=20.500.12543/1063}}</ref><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)">{{cite report|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/355773780/ANA-Cuenca-Maranon|title=Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)|author-link=ANA–Cuenca Marañon|publisher=Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA), INCLA (IC)|page=629|date=2015}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS14||'''[[Mekong]]''' | || {{formatnum:16010}}|| {{formatnum:773728}} || {{formatnum:4909}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[South China Sea]]||<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP|website=geftwap.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans">{{cite journal|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/29205|title=Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans|last1=Meybeck|first1=M.|last2=Ragu|first2=A.|website=epic.awi.de |date=1997 }}</ref><ref name="Mekong River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mekong-river?catid=190&Itemid=780|title=Mekong River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/mrcmekong.org/download/fmmp-reports/2A_HydrologicalHazards_LMB_21Dec2009.pdf|title=Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin|work=The Flood Management and Mitigation Programme, Component 2: Structural Measures & Flood Proofing in the Lower Mekong Basin|author=The Mekong River Comission (MRC)|publisher=Deltares, Royal Haskoning, UNESCO IHE|location=Delft (Nederland)|page=324|volume=2|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions">{{cite report|url=https://repository.unescap.org/items/b585c464-6f49-4cdb-8de3-b67d2cbebdef|title=A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions|docket=Water resources series|author=UN.ECAFE|publisher=United Nations (UN), Economic Comission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)|location=Bangkok (Thailand), New York (United States)|page=74|date=1966|website=repository.unescap.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use">{{cite report|url=https://repository-uat.unescap.org/items/f0b6dee2-349b-441f-baf9-35a542af4fab/full|title=Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use|author=Economic and Social Comission for Asia the Pacific (ESCAP)|publisher=United Nations (UN)|location=New York (United States), Bangkok (Thailand)|page=323|isbn=92-1-119705-8|issn=0082-8130|number=74|date=1995|website=repository-uat.unescap.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS15|| '''[[Ganges]]''' | ||{{formatnum:15800}} || {{formatnum:1089370}}|| {{formatnum:2704}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Padma, [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{r|group=n|Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin}}{{refn|name=Ganges|group=n|Average discharge 500 km³/year (period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]] (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Padma Ganges (main stem 236 km)–Ganges or Ganga (main stem 2,013 km)–[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] (length 205 km, drainage area 6,921 km², average discharge 258 m³/s) → Total length 2,704 km;}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020"/><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra"/><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios"/><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS16||'''[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]''' | || {{formatnum:15400}}|| {{formatnum:411516}} || {{formatnum:2288}} ||bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Andaman Sea]]||{{refn|name=Irrawaddy|group=n|Average discharge at [[Irrawaddy Delta]] 486 km³/year; Source or headwater: Irrawaddy (main stem 1,997 km)–'''[[N'Mai River|N'Mai]]''' (main stem 352 km, 24,337 km², 1,383 m³/s)–Khakabo Razi (57 km) → Total length 2,288 km;}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|date=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans"/><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/irrawaddy-ayeyarwaddy?catid=275&Itemid=780|title=Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="cbsharma">{{cite book|author=Webersik|first=Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nufdUc0Ps0C|title=Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges|publisher=Praeger|date=2010|isbn=9780313380075|pages=45}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS17||'''[[Ob]]''' | || {{formatnum:13100}}|| {{formatnum:3023973}} || {{formatnum:5525}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Gulf of Ob]]||{{refn|name=Ob|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 414 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Ob (lower Ob main stem 1,277 km)–'''[[Irtysh]]''' (main stem 3,576 km; drainage area 1,691,000 km²; average discharge 2,995 m³/s, period 1971–2000)–'''Black Irtysh''' (or Kara Irtysh; 672 km; 53,000 km², 354 m³/s) → Total length 5,525 km;<ref name="The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions">{{cite report|title=The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions|url=https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/a7f/EDB_2025_Irtysh_Report_ENG.pdf|last1=Evgeny|first1=Vinokurov|last2=Arman|first2=Ahunbaev|last3=Stanislav|first3=Chuyev|last4=Asset|first4=Adakhayev|last5=Tulegen|first5=Sarsembekov|publisher=Eurasian Development Bank (EDB)|location=Almaty (Kazakhstan)|page=54|date=2025|website=eabr.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA18|| |'''[[Tapajós]]'''|| {{formatnum:12800}}|| {{formatnum:492263}}|| {{formatnum:2291}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Tapajós|group=n|Average discharge at [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] 12,800 m³/s, 1985–2018 (13,540 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tapajós (main stem 810 km)–'''[[Teles Pires]]''' (or São Manoel – length 1,481 km, drainage area 141,987 km², 3,961 m³/s) → Total length 2,291 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|title=A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin|last1=Marcos|first1=Heil Costa|last2=Carlos|first2=Henrique C. Oliveira|last3=Ricardo|first3=G. Andrade|last4=Thiago|first4=R. Bustamante|last5=Fabrício|first5=A. Silva|last6=Michael|first6=T. Coe|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2000JD000309|doi=10.1029/2000JD000309|pages=6–9|volume=107|issue=20|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8039C }}</ref><ref name="Long‐term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001JD000740|title=Long-term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin|last1=Michael|first1=T. Coe|last2=Marcos|first2=Heil Costa|last3=Aurélie|first3=Botta|last4=Charon|first4=Birkett|volume=107|issue=20|doi=10.1029/2001JD000740|pages=11–17|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8044C }}</ref><ref name="UHE São Manoel">{{cite report|url=https://www.saomanoelenergia.com.br/sites/edpbrsaomanoel/files/documentos_oficias_-_eia_uhe_sao_manoel_-_volume_2.pdf|title=UHE São Manoel|docket=Usina Hidrelétrica São Manoel|publisher=Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA)|author=Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE)|volume=2|page=231|date=2008|website=saomanoelenergia.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas">{{cite book|url=https://www.ana.gov.br/arquivos/institucional/sge/CEDOC/Catalogo/2013/planoEstrategicoDeRecursos.pdf|last1=Ney|first1=Maranhão|last2=Laura|first2=Tillmann Viana|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Carlos André|first4=Cascelli|last5=Alessandro|first5=Mendes|last6=Raphael|first6=Guimarães|last7=Bárbara|first7=de Castro|last8=Danúzia|first8=Queiroz|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|date=2012|isbn=978-85-89629-91-1|title=Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas}}</ref><ref name="The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil">{{cite journal|journal=Agrarian and Biological Sciences|doi=10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553|url=https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32553|volume=11|date=2022|last1=Guilherme|first1=Augusto Borge|last2=Gabriel|first2=Mancilla|last3=Auberto José|first3=Barros Siqueira|last4=Maurício|first4=Vancine|last5=Milton|first5=Cezar Ribeiro|last6=João|first6=Carlos de Souza Maia|title=The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil|number=10 |pages=e448111032553 }}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/><ref name="Lynch2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|title=The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters|first=Christine|last=Lynch|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528103830/http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|archive-date=2014-05-28}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|NA19||'''[[St. Lawrence River|St Lawrence River]]''' | || {{formatnum:12500}} || {{formatnum:1057304}}|| {{formatnum:3058}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Gulf of St. Lawrence]]||{{refn|name=St. Lawrence River|group=n|St. Lawrence River at [[Quebec City]]: average discharge (1968–2023) 12,500 m³/s, drainage basin 1,057,304 km², length 3,058 km (source to [[L'Islet, Quebec|L' Islet]]); St. Lawrence River at [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|Pointe-des-Monts]] Lighthouse: length 3,380 km, drainage basin 1,266,642 km², average discharge 17,600 m³/s (1969–2023); Source or headwater: St. Lawrence River (main stem 646 km – main stem with estuary 968 km)–[[Lake Ontario]] (Niagara inflow–St. Lawrence River outflow 311 km)–'''[[Niagara River|Niagara]]''' (length 58 km; drainage area 684,000 km²; average discharge 5,885 m³/s)<ref name="One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission">{{cite report|url=https://www.ijc.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/135.pdf|title=One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission|author=International Niagara Board of Control|publisher=International Joint Comission|location=Cincinnati (Ohio, United States), Burlington (Ontario, United States),Washington D.C. (United States), Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)|website=www.ijc.org|page=30|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Niagara Falls Info">{{cite web|url=https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/niagara-geological-areas/drianage-of-the-niagara-river|title=Niagara Falls Info|website=www.niagarafallsinfo.com |date=3 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04216000/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060--874388869|title=Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels">{{cite web|url=https://www.glc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2013-glc-annual-mackey.pdf|title=Great Lakes Water Levels|website=Great Lakes Comission|date=2016}}</ref>–[[Lake Erie]] (Detroit inflow–Niagara outflow 385 km)–'''[[Detroit River|Detroit]]''' (45 km; 595,052 km²; 5,324 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|url=https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/lec/research/be/docs/manning%20et%20al%202013.pdf|title=Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie|last1=Nathan|first1=F. Manning|last2=Christine|first2=M. Mayer|last3=Jonathan|first3=M. Bossenbroek|last4=Jeff|first4=T. Tyson|publisher=IAGLR, ELSEVIER|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.010|pages=295–302|volume=39|issue=2|date=2013 |bibcode=2013JGLR...39..295M }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04165710/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060-0|title=Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation">{{cite web|url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/349df482f78b401f8726b49ec185bd2e|title=The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation|website=storymaps.arcgis.com |date=5 February 2025 }}</ref>–[[Lake St. Clair]] (St. Clair River inflow–Detroit outflow 53 km)–'''[[St. Clair River]]''' (65 km; 583,509 km²; 5,200 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="The St. Clair River Area of Concern">{{cite web|url=https://www.friendsofstclair.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/St-Clair-River-AOC-Canadian-RAP-Implementation-Committee-2007-2010-Work-Plan-Summary-of-Accomplishments.pdf|title=The St. Clair River Area of Concern|website=www.friendsofstclair.ca}}</ref><ref name="Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering|title=Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984|url=https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1986/19860008.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:12(1182)|last1=Jan|first1=A. Derecki|last2=Frank|first2=H. Quinn|publisher=ASCE Manager of Journals|volume=112|issue=12|pages=1182–1194|date=1986|via=www.glerl.noaa.gov}}</ref>–[[Lake Huron]] (St. Marys River inflow–St. Clair River outflow 440 km)–'''[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|St. Marys River]]''' (120 km; 211,833 km²; 2,177 m³/s)<ref name="Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04127885/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-30208-0|title=Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" />–[[Lake Superior]] (St. Louis River inflow–St. Marys River outflow 616 km)–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis River]] (309 km; 9,410 km²; 147 m³/s)–[[North River (Minnesota)|North River]] (10 km) → Total length 3,058 km (with estuary 3,380 km);}}<ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">{{cite report|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|docket=Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences 378|last1=Peter|first1=Stewart Galbraith|last2=Joël|first2=Chassé|last3=Jean-Luc|first3=Shaw|last4=Jacqueline|first4=Dumas|last5=Marie-Noëlle|first5=Bourassa|publisher=Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada|location=Québec (Canada)|page=91|date=2024|isbn=978-0-660-71996-2|issn=1488-5417|website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/st-lawrence-great-lakes?catid=316&Itemid=563|title=St Lawrence–Great Lakes|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="rna">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. {{ISBN|978-0-12-088253-3}}. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS20||'''[[Amur]]''' | || {{formatnum:12360}}|| {{formatnum:2129700}} || {{formatnum:5498}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Strait of Tartary]]||{{refn|name=Amur|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 390 km³/year (2002–2020); Source or headwater: Amur (main stem 2,874 km)–'''[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]''' (main stem 965 km – Argun with Hailar total length 1,620 km, drainage area 300,977 km², average discharge 409 m³/s)–Dalan Orom (Xinkai) and [[Hulun Lake]] (Kherlen inflow–Dalan Orom outflow 94 km)–'''[[Kherlen River|Kherlen]]''' (1,565 km, 238,600 km², 54 m³/s) → Total length 5,498 km;}}<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|doi-access=free|volume=15|number=20|last=Andrey|first=Andreev|date=2023|page=4984|bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite report|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|publisher=Ecosystems Ltd., WWF |location=Vladivostok (Russia), Hong Kong, Beijing (China), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Washington (United States)|page=442|isbn=978-988-17227-1-3|date=2008|website=www.feu.awsassets.panda.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA21|| [[Tocantins River|'''Tocantins''']] | || {{formatnum:11800}}|| {{formatnum:777308}}|| {{formatnum:3100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Pará River|Rio Para]] ||{{refn|name=Tocantins|group=n|Average discharge 11,800 m³/s (1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tocantins (lower Tocantins main stem 473 km)–'''[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]''' (length 2,627 km, drainage area 386,073 km², average discharge 6,420 m³/s) → Total length 3,100 km; The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazonas branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the Tocantins River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The total length of the Rio Pará and Tocantins system is 2,850 km from the source of the [[Maranhão River|Maranhão]] River, and 3,100 km from the source of the [[Araguaia River|Araguaia]] River. Its total drainage area is approximately 1 million square kilometers. The Rio Para estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. It receives less water from the smaller northern tributaries originating on Marajó Island. The southern inflows are much more significant: the Anapu, the [[Pacajá River|Pacajá]], the [[Jacundá River (Pará)|Jacundá]], the Tocantins–Araguaia system, the [[Guamá River|Guamá]]–[[Capim River|Capim]] with its [[Acará River|Acará]]–[[Moju River (Acará)|Moju]] tributaries. Of these, the Tocantins is considered a separate water system from the Amazon. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. The annual average discharge of the Pará River (Rio Pará) before the mouth of the Tocantins River is approximately 10,000 m³/s. Of this, about 6,000 m³/s comes from the Amazon through the ''Breves Channel'' and the Furo do Tajapuru branch. The estuarine system of the Rio Pará and Tocantins is extremely complex. The discharge of the Tocantins fluctuates greatly seasonally. In drier periods, the Amazon River contributes to the discharge through the Breves Channel, so the average discharge of the entire estuary system can reach 21,000–26,000 m³/s at the Atlantic mouth;<ref name="Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil">{{cite journal |last1=Aquino |first1=Samia |last2=Latrubesse |first2=Edgardo |last3=Bayer |first3=Maximiliano |title=Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil |journal=Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis |date=2009 |volume=16 |number=2 |pages=119–128 |url=https://www.lajsba.sedimentologia.org.ar/index.php/lajsba/article/view/111}}</ref><ref name="A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system">{{cite journal |last1=Prestes |first1=Yuri Onça |last2=Borba |first2=Thais Angélica da Costa |last3=Silva |first3=Alex Costa da |last4=Rollnic |first4=Marcelo |title=A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |year=2020 |volume=28 |article-number=100668 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100668 |s2cid=213143882 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="The Estuary">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/the-estuary|title=The Estuary|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref><ref name="Marajó Bay">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/marajo-bay|title=Marajó Bay|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Tocantins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tocantins?catid=345&Itemid=0|title=Tocantins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras"/><ref name="Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins">{{cite web|title=Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins|url=https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br/sala-de-situacao/tocantins/boletins-tocantins-diario/boletim_13_tocantins_publica-1763991289.62.pdf|author=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|website=www.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese">{{cite report|url=https://biblioteca.ana.gov.br/sophia_web/Acervo/Detalhe/3357|title=Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese|last1=João Gilberto|first1=Lotufo Conejo|last2=José Luiz|first2=Gomes Zoby|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Eraldo|first4=Peres|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|location=Brasília (Brazil)|page=256|isbn=978-85-89629-55-3|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="Boletim Goiano de Geografia">{{cite report|url= https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4785584.pdf|doi=10.5216/bgg.v19i1.15341|title=Boletim Goiano de Geografia|work=The Araguaia–Tocantins Fluvial Basin|last1=José|first1=C. Stevaux|last2=Edgardo|first2=M. Latrubesse|last3=M.|first3=Bayer|last4=R.|first4=Prado|publisher=IESA-UFG|location=Federal University of Goiás (Brazil)|pages=120–127|volume=19|date=1999}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA22|| |[[Purus River|'''Purus''']] || {{formatnum:11207}}|| {{formatnum:378762}}|| {{formatnum:3361}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022">{{cite report|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1877/libro.pdf|title=Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022|last1=Dante|first1= Carhuavilca Bonett|last2=Anibal|first2=Sánchez Aguilar|last3=José Luis|first3=Robles Franco|last4=Javier|first4=Vásquez Chihuán|last5=Rosa|first5=Blas Alcántara|last6=Eliana|first6=Quispe Calmett|last7=Felixalberto|first7=Lavado Romani|last8=Ana|first8=Huauya Tacza|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INERI)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=557|date=2022|website=www.inei.gob.pe}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS23|| '''[[Pearl River|Pearl]]''' | || {{formatnum:10700}}|| {{formatnum:442527}} || {{formatnum:2400}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||{{refn|name=Pearl River|group=n|Average discharge at [[Pearl River Delta]] 336 km³/year (1953–2017); Source or headwater: Pearl River (main stem length 177 km)–'''[[Xi River|Xi]]''' (main stem 210 km; drainage area 338,899 km²; average discharge 7,420 m³/s)–'''[[Xun River|Xun]]''' (172 km, 314,096 km², 6,645 m³/s)–'''[[Qian River|Qian]]''' (121 km, 186,660 km², 3,901 m³/s)–'''[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]''' (670 km, 125,626 km², 2,381 m³/s)–'''[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]''' (950 km, 50,560 km², 685 m³/s) → Total length 2,400 km;}}<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|doi=10.3390/su11185007|doi-access=free|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|volume=11|number=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019 |page=5007 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}</ref><ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|title=Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center|publisher=Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2012-11-08|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203044933/http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|archivedate=2013-02-03 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF24|| |[[Kasai River|'''Kasai''']]|| {{formatnum:10457}}|| {{formatnum:884376}}|| {{formatnum:2272}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï">{{cite web |url=https://www.crrebac.org/blog/professeur-raphael-tshimanga-phd-hydrologie-2/conception-dun-reseau-optimal-de-suivi-hydrometeorologique-et-climatique-du-bassin-versant-de-kasai-120 |title=Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï |last=Dr. Raphael |first=M. Tshimanga |date=2019 |website=www.crrebac.org}}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA25||'''[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]''' | || {{formatnum:9910}}|| {{formatnum:1801938}}|| {{formatnum:4241}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Beaufort Sea]]||{{refn|name=Mackenzie|group=n|Average discharge at Mackenzie Delta 310 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Mackenzie (main stem 1,749 km)–[[Great Slave Lake]] (Slave inflow–Mackenzie outflow 135 km)–'''[[Slave River|Slave]]''' (main stem 434 km, drainage area 616,400 km², 3,451 m³/s)–'''[[Peace River|Peace]]''' (1,521 km, 306,000 km², 2,225 m³/s)–'''[[Finlay River|Finlay]]''' (402 km, 43,271 km², 680 m³/s) → Total length 4,241 km;}}<ref name="The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study">{{cite report|url=https://www.math.ualberta.ca/~bowman/clembowman.info/PDFs/Chapter8-June12.pdf|title=The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study|last=F. Pierre|first=Gingras|publisher=University of Alberta|pages=137–150|date=2013|website=www.math.ualberta.ca}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Mackenzie">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mackenzie?catid=308&Itemid=563|title=Mackenzie|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA26|| |[[Beni River|'''Beni''']]|| {{formatnum:9741}}|| {{formatnum:281367}}|| {{formatnum:1619}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madeira River|Madeira]]||{{refn|name=Beni|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth (period from 1968 to 1982); Source or headwater: Beni (main stem 1,178 km)–Alto Beni (main stem 178 km, drainage area 31,240 km², average discharge 637 m³/s)–[[Cotacajes River|Cotacajes]] (main stem 125 km, 8,310 km², 121 m³/s)–[[Sacambaya River|Sacambaya]] (37 km)–[[Ayopaya River|Ayopaya]] (40 km)–[[Leque River|Leque]] (37 km)–[[Tallija River|Tallija]] (24 km) → Total length 1,619 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE"/><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)"/><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA27 | |[[Xingu River|'''Xingu''']] || {{formatnum:9298}}|| {{formatnum:509685}}|| {{formatnum:2324}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Xingu|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1972–2003 (9,680 m³/s, period 1973 to 1990); Source or headwater: Xingu (main stem 1,640 km)–'''[[Culuene River|Culuene]]''' (length 684 km, 29,560 km², average discharge 543 m³/s) → Total length 2,324 km;}}<ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /><ref name="Lynch2012" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF28|| '''[[Niger River|Niger]]''' | || {{formatnum:8630}}|| {{formatnum:2273946}} || {{formatnum:4184}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Guinea]]||<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book|url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm|title=The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management|last1=Inger|first1=Andersen|last2=Ousmane|first2=Dione|last3=Martha|first3=Jarosewich-Holder|last4=Jean-Claude|first4=Olivry|last5=Katherin|first5=George Golitzen|isbn=9780821362037|date=2005|publisher=World Bank }}</ref><ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |date=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA29|| |[[Putumayo River|'''Putumayo''']]|| {{formatnum:8520}}|| {{formatnum:120545}}|| {{formatnum:2005}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |[[Europe|EU]]30|| '''[[Volga]]''' | || {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:1466717}}|| {{formatnum:3700}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Caspian Sea]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report">{{cite report|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=The Volga River Basin Report|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|publisher=UNESCO, UNEP, International Sediment Initiative|location=Moscow (Russia)|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="Volga">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/volga?catid=226&Itemid=550|title=Volga|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA31|| |[[Ohio River|'''Ohio''']]|| {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:528202}}|| {{formatnum:2102}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]||{{refn|name=Ohio|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1951–1996; Source or headwater: Ohio (main stem 1,579 km)–'''[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]''' (length 523 km, drainage area 30,247 km², average discharge 580 m³/s) → Total length 2,102 km;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= Leeden |first= Frits van der |author2= Fcrimson L. Troise |author3= David Keith Todd |title= The Water Encyclopedia |edition= 2nd |year= 1990 |publisher= Lewis Publishers |location= Chelsea, Mich. |isbn= 0-87371-120-3 |page= [https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 126] |url= https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 }}</ref><ref name="Ohio">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ohio?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Ohio|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA32||'''[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]''' | || {{formatnum:8058}}|| {{formatnum:271807}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caribbean Sea]]||{{refn|name=Magdalena|group=n|Average discharge at [[Calamar, Bolívar|Calamar]], 1991–2020;}}<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua|title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/magdalena-cauca?catid=337&Itemid=0|title=Magdalena–Cauca|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA33|| '''[[Columbia River|Columbia]]''' | || {{formatnum:7478}}|| {{formatnum:724025}} || {{formatnum:2250}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pacific Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Columbia|group=n|Average discharge at [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]] 236 km³/year (period from 1979 to 2015); Source or headwater: Columbia (lower and middle Columbia main stem 515 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 1,954 km;)–'''[[Snake River|Snake]]''' (length 1,735 km, drainage area 260,939 km², average discharge 1,756 m³/s) → Total length 2,250 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Columbia River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/columbia?catid=184&Itemid=563|title=Columbia River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior">{{cite web|url=https://portoflewiston.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Appendix-U.pdf|title=Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy Liermann|last3=Dynesius|first3=Mats|last4=Revenga|first4=Carmen|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.1107887|date=2005|volume=308|issue=5720|pages=405–408|pmid=15831757|bibcode=2005Sci...308..405N|s2cid=34820022}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS34|| |'''Middle Ob'''|| {{formatnum:7428}}|| {{formatnum: 1040000}}|| {{formatnum:3061}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ob]]||{{refn|name=Middle Ob|group=n|Ob River above Irtysh River; Average discharge 7,428 m³/s (1971–2000); Drainage area 1,040,000 km²; Source or headwater: Middle and Upper Ob (main stem 2,373 km)–'''[[Katun (river)|Katun]]''' (length 688 km, drainage area 60,900 km², average discharge 652 m³/s) → Total length 3,061 km;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA35|| [[Uruguay River|'''Uruguay''']] | || {{formatnum:7058}}|| {{formatnum:353451}}|| {{formatnum:2408}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Río de la Plata ||{{refn|name=Uruguay|group=n|Average discharge at [[Nueva Palmira]], 1971–2010; Source or headwater: Uruguay (main stem 1,838 km)–'''[[Canoas River|Canoas]]''' (length 570 km, drainage area 14,884 km², average discharge 309 m³/s) → Total length 2,408 km;}}<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA36|| '''[[Yukon River|Yukon]]''' | || {{formatnum:7000}}|| {{formatnum:861461}}|| {{formatnum:3185}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Norton Sound]]||<ref name="Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta">{{cite book |url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf |title=Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta |last1=Douglas |first1=J. Martin |last2=Clifford |first2=J. Whitmus |last3=Lon |first3=E. Hachmeister |date=1987}}</ref><ref name="Yukon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=145&catid=315&Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yukon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994204/pdf/wri994204.pdf|title=Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada|last1=Timothy|first1=P. Brabets|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|page=114|date=2000|website=pubs.usgs.gov}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA37|| |[[Napo River|'''Napo''']]|| {{formatnum:6800}}|| {{formatnum:103308}}|| {{formatnum:1130}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Napo|group=n|Average discharge at Bellavista, 1981–2020;}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/10462866|title=Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo|last=Laborde|first=Jorge Lopez|date=January 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS38|| '''[[Salween River|Salween]]''' | || {{formatnum:6691}}|| {{formatnum:283500}}|| {{formatnum:3289}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|number=9|date=2020|article-number=e2020JF005554 |issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B}}</ref><ref name="Salween (Nu river)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/salween-nu-river?catid=282&Itemid=780|last=Eric|first=Tilman|title=Salween (Nu river)|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/><ref name="Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future">{{cite report|url=https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:81d5fdd6-0adb-456b-ba27-902f76fd70f1|title=Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future|last=Rens|first=Hasman|publisher=Deltares, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)|location=Delft (Netherlands)|page=215|date=2014|website=repository.tudelft.nl}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1467|last1=Aoyang|first1=He|last2=Jiangcheng|first2=Huang|last3=Zhengbao|first3=Sun|last4=Jingyi|first4=Zhou|last5=Cheng|first5=Yang|doi=10.3390/rs15051467|doi-access=free|page=16|volume=15|issue=5|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |[[Oceania|OC]]39|| '''[[Fly River|Fly]]''' | || {{formatnum:6500}}|| {{formatnum:73809}}|| {{formatnum:1050}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Papua]]||<ref name="Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño">{{cite journal |journal=Geophysical |title=Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JF000669 |last1=Andrea |first1=S. Ogston |last2=Richard |first2=W. Sternberg |last3=Charles |first3=A. Nittrouer |last4=D. Preston |first4=Martin |last5=Miguel |first5=A. Goñi |last6=John |first6=S. Crockett |volume=113 |page=18 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000669 |date=2008 |number=F1 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S11O}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region">{{cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11017/211 |title=Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region |last1=David |first1=Lawrence |last2=Tim |first2=Cansfield-Smith |date=1990 |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |hdl=11017/211 |isbn=978-0-642-12028-1 }}</ref><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/wiki/Main_Page|title=DFO – Flood Observatory|website=floodobservatory.colorado.edu}}</ref><ref name="The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment">{{cite report|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6969|title=The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)|publisher=IUCN|location=Gland (Switzerland)|page=86|isbn=978-2-8317-0236-0|website=portals.iucn.org}}</ref><ref name="Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River">{{cite report|url=https://nesptropical.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NESP-Project-2.2.1-Final-Report.pdf|title=Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River|last=Jane|first=Waterhouse|publisher=Tropical Water Quality (TWQ), National Environmental Science Program (NESP), Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited (RRRC)|location=James Cook University, Town (Australia)|page=184|isbn=978-1-925514-27-8|date=2018}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU40|| '''[[Danube]]''' | || {{formatnum:6452}}|| {{formatnum:801463}}|| {{formatnum:2850}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Black Sea]]||<ref name="Danube">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179 |title=Danube |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers of Europe">{{cite book|url=https://www.jcerni.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/camaro-d/192%20The%20Danube%20River%20Basin.pdf|title=Rivers of Europe|chapter=The Danube River Basin|last1=Klement|first1=Tockner|last2=Christopher|first2=T. Robinson|last3=Urs|first3=Uehlinger|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-369449-2|doi=10.1016/B978.0-12-369449-2.X0001-X|pages=59–112|date=2009 |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/second-assessment-transboundary-rivers-lakes-and-groundwaters#|title=Drainage basin of the Black Sea|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis">{{cite conference |url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html |conference=6th Water Resources and Wetlands 2023–Eco friendly meeting: Tulcea (Romania) |title=The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis |last1=Petre |first1=Gâștescu |last2=Petre |first2=Bretcan |last3=Elena |first3=Tuchiu |publisher=Romanian Limnogeographical Association (RLA) |location=Tulcea, Călăraşi, Bucharest (Romania) |page=16 |issn=2285-7923 |date=2023 |website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)">{{cite report|url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/8/32944.pdf|title=Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)|last=Bondar|first=Constantin|publisher=National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar)|location=Bucharest (Romania)|page=13|website=www.osce.org|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime">{{cite report|url=https://www.limnology.ro/water2012/Proceedings/001.pdf|title=The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime|last1=Gâştescu|first1=Petre|last2=Țuchiu|first2=Elena|docket=Water resources and wetlands: Conference Proceedings|location=Tulcea, Romania|editor-first1=Petre|editor-last1=Gâştescu|editor-first2=William |editor-last2=Lewis William Jr|editor-first3=Petre|editor-last3=Breţcan|date=2012|isbn=978-606-605-038-8|page=18|website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Buletin hidrologic zilnic">{{cite report|url=https://www.hidro.ro/bulletin_type/buletin-hidrologic-zilnic|title=Buletin hidrologic zilnic|docket=Diagnoza și prognoza pentru Dunăre|author=Institutul Nacional de Hidrologie și Gospodărire a Apelor (I. N. H. G. A.)|publisher=I.N.H.G.A.|location=Bucharest (Romania)|website=www.hidro.ro}}</ref><ref name="TNMN Yearbooks">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/tnmn-yearbooks|title=TNMN Yearbooks|docket=Water Quality in the Danube River Basin|last=Igor|first=Liska|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA41 || |[[Madre de Dios River|'''Madre de Dios''']]|| {{formatnum:6372}}|| {{formatnum:125287}}|| {{formatnum:1210}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Beni River|Beni]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE" /><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS42|| '''[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]''' | || {{formatnum:6012}}|| {{formatnum:94457}}|| {{formatnum:1143}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |doi=10.1002/2016JG003701 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380 |last1=Ting-Hsuan |first1=Huang |last2=Chen-Tung |first2=Arthur Chen |last3=Hsiao-Chun |first3=Tseng |last4=Jiann-Yuh |first4=Lou |last5=Shu Lun |first5=Wang |last6=Liyang |first6=Yang |last7=Selvaraj |first7=Kandasamy |last8=Xuelu |first8=Gao |last9=Jough-Tai |first9=Wang |last10=Edvin |first10=Aldrian |last11=G.S. |first11=Jacinto |last12=Gusti Z. |first12=Anshari |last13=Penjai |first13=Sompongchaiyakul |last14=B.J. |first14=Wang |title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS |date=May 2017 |s2cid=135024272 |volume=122 |number=5 |pages=1239–1259}}</ref><ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/kalimantan-borneo?catid=277&Itemid=780 |title=Kalimantan–Borneo |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA43|| |[[Juruá River|'''Juruá''']]|| {{formatnum:6004}}|| {{formatnum:190573}}|| {{formatnum:3283}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF44 | |[[Ubangi River|'''Ubangi''']] || {{formatnum:5936}}|| {{formatnum:651915}}|| {{formatnum:2350}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ubangi|group=n|Average discharge, 1911–1983; Source or headwater: Ubangi (main stem 1,046 km)–'''[[Uele River|Uele]]''' (main stem 864 km, drainage area 140,155 km², average discharge 1,468 m³/s)–[[Kibali River|Kibali]] (440 km, 22,380 km², 175 m³/s) → Total length 2,350 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin">{{cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764|doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |year=2018 |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=Da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 }}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA45 | |[[Meta River|'''Meta''']] || {{formatnum:5694}}|| {{formatnum:106733}}|| {{formatnum:1100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Orinoco]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS46|| '''[[Indus River|Indus]]''' | || {{formatnum:5589}}|| {{formatnum:1143101}}|| {{formatnum:3600}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Arabian Sea]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Indus">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indus?catid=220&Itemid=0|title=Indus|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya">{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7|chapter=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India|title=Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya|series=Society of Earth Scientists Series|date=2015|last1=Khan|first1=Abul A.|last2=Pant|first2=Naresh C.|last3=Goswami|first3=Anuj|last4=Lal |first4=Ravish|last5=Joshi|first5=Rajesh|pages=67–84|isbn=978-3-319-13742-1}}</ref><ref name="The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River">{{cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/74/15/the-geographical-and-traditional-sources-of-the-indus-river|title=The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River|last=Seregei|first=Balalaev|date=2026|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS47|| |[[Aldan (river)|'''Aldan''']] || {{formatnum:5501}}|| {{formatnum:717203}}|| {{formatnum:2273}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Lena River|Lena]]||<ref name="Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires">{{cite book|doi=10.3390/ECWS-3-05801|doi-access=free|last1=Evgenii|first1=I. Ponomarev|last2=Tatiana|first2=V. Ponomarev|title=Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires|chapter=Response of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires |date=2018|volume=7|number=1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA48 | |[[Branco River|'''Rio Branco''']]|| {{formatnum:5300}}|| {{formatnum:192393}}|| {{formatnum:1454}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]||{{refn|name=Rio Branco|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1980–2006; Source or headwater: Rio Branco (main stem 802 km)–'''[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]''' (length 652 km, drainage area 49,630 km², average discharge 1,500 m³/s) → Total length 1,454 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional">{{cite report|url=https://www.agbbauru.org.br/publicacoes/revista/anoXXV_2/agb_xxv_2_web/agb_xxv_2-14.pdf|title=Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional|last1=Thiago|first1=Moratode Carvalho|last2=Rúbson|first2=Pinheiro Maia|last3=Carlos|first3=Sander|publisher=Ciência Geográfica, Associação dos Geografos Brasileiro — Seção Bauru|location=Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidade Federal do Ceará|pages=657–681|volume=15|date=2021|website=www.agbbauru.org.br}}</ref><ref name="Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia">{{cite report|url=https://coc.ufrj.br/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/41068/48796/Augusto-Cesar-Vieira-Getirana-_D.pdf|title=Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia|last1=Augusto César|first1=Vieira Getirana|last2=Webe João|first2=Mansur|last3=Marie-Paule|first3=Bonnet|last4=Frédérique|first4=Seyler|last5=Nelson Luis|first5=da Costa Dias|last6=Otto Corrêa|first6=Rotunno Filho|last7=Serge|first7=Chauzy|last8=Walter|first8=Collischonn|publisher=Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Coordenação dos Programas de Pós–Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE)|location=Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)|page=273|doi=10.1002/hyp|date=2009|website=coc.ufrj.br |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA49 | |'''Upper Orinoco'''|| {{formatnum:5294}}|| {{formatnum:100975}}|| {{formatnum:890}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||{{refn|name=Upper Orinoco|group=n|Orinoco River above Guaviare River;}}<ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA50 | |[[Javary River|'''Javary''']]|| {{formatnum:5194}}|| {{formatnum:108966}}|| {{formatnum:1309}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF51|| '''[[Ogooué River|Ogooué]]''' | || {{formatnum:5142}}|| {{formatnum:225548}} || {{formatnum:1200}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Site ramsar bas Ogooue">{{cite conference|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/GA1851RISformer_160316.pdf|title=Site ramsar bas Ogooue|conference=Session de la Conférence des Parties contractantes|publisher=FDR|page=22|date=2008|location=Liberville, Gabon|last1=Mengue|first1=Medou|last2=Ondamba|first2=Ombanda|last3=Ndjokounda|first3=Come|last4=Mounganga|first4=Magloir-Désiré|last5=Bayani|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Mikala|first6=Rufin|website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348187946|title=Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data|date=September 2018|conference=AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin|location=Washington DC|website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC52||'''[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]''' | || {{formatnum:5014}}|| {{formatnum:78957}} || {{formatnum:1112}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean||{{refn|name=Mamberamo|group=n|Average discharge at Mamberamo Delta 158.23 km³/year (2003–2012); Source or headwaters: Mamberamo (main stem 283 km)–'''[[Taritatu River|Taritatu]]''' (main stem 650 km, drainage area 47,803 km², average discharge 2,703 m³/s)–[[Waruta River|Waruta]] (179 km, 4,296 km², 123 m³/s) → Total length 1,112 km;}}<ref name="Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia">{{cite report|url=https://www.restec.or.jp/geoss_ap2/pdf/0415/wg2/sr1/06.pdf|title=Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia|publisher=Indonesian Hydrological Society|last=Joesron|first=Loebis|date=2008|website=www.restec.or.jp}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2014_Pola%20PSDA%20Mamberamo%20Tami%20Apauvar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2014}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC53||'''[[Sepik]]''' | || {{formatnum:5000}}|| {{formatnum:80386}} || {{formatnum:1126}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bismarck Sea]]||{{refn|name=Sepik|group=n|Average discharge at [[Angoram]], 1964–1980;}}<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">{{cite report|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)|location=Canberra (Australia)|page=212|date=1977|isbn=0-7081-0410-X|website=openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA54|| |[[Caroní River|'''Caroní''']] || {{formatnum:4981}}|| {{formatnum:95442}}|| {{formatnum:952}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | SA55 | |[[Juruena River|'''Juruena''']] || {{formatnum:4937}}|| 192,628||{{formatnum:1240}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tapajós]]||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU56|| '''[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]''' | || {{formatnum:4877}}|| {{formatnum:312763}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Barents Sea]]||<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">{{cite journal |title=Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea |last1=Vladimir |first1=Rogozhin |last2=Alexander |first2=Osadchiev |last3=Olga |first3=Konivalova |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |date=2023 |volume=10 |article-number=1052044 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1052044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1052044R }}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=126&catid=298&Itemid=179|title=Northern Europe|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA57 | |'''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'''–[[Canumã River|'''Canumã''']] || {{formatnum:4804}}|| {{formatnum:133212}}|| {{formatnum:1313}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Paraná do Urariá–Canumã|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Paraná do Urariá (main stem 408 km)–'''[[Canumã River|Canumã]]''' (main stem 218 km, drainage area 52,208 km², average discharge 2,135 m³/s)–'''[[Sucunduri River|Sucunduri]]''' (687 km, 26,541 km², 943 m³/s) → Total length 1,313 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS58|| | '''[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]'''|| {{formatnum:4753}}|| {{formatnum:69871}}|| {{formatnum:1040}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Old Brahmaputra River|Old Brahmaputra]], Lower Meghna ||<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020" /><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III" /><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS59|| |[[Chindwin River|'''Chindwin''']]|| {{formatnum:4740}}|| {{formatnum:114685}}|| {{formatnum:1207}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]||<ref name="Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.">{{cite report|title=Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.|work=Myanmar 1. Chindwin River|url=http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_06/Myanmar-1_Chindwin_River.pdf|last1=Hidetaka|first1=Chikamori|last2=Liu|first2=Heng|last3=Trevor|first3=Daniel|publisher=UNESCO–IHP|location=Yokohama (Japan)|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS60|| '''[[Rajang River|Rajang]]''' | || {{formatnum:4715}}|| {{formatnum:52009}}|| 773 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River">{{cite thesis|last=Sien Aun |first=Edwin Sia |title=Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River|date=2019|degree=Doctor of Philosophy|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|access-date=7 March 2022|publisher=Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science - Swinburne University of Technology|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109085640/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA61|| |[[Paraguay River|'''Paraguay''']]|| {{formatnum:4696}}|| {{formatnum:1120154}}|| {{formatnum:2621}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Paraná River|Paraná]]||<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS62 | |'''[[Gan River|Gan]]'''|| {{formatnum:4658}}|| {{formatnum:162225}}|| {{formatnum:885}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yangtze]]||{{refn|name=Gan|group=n|Average discharge from the Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River is 147 km³/year (1960–2022); Total drainage area 162,225 km²; Source or headwater: Gan (main stem 572 km – Average discharge into the Lake Poyang 2,865 m³/s, drainage area 103,074 km²)–[[Lake Poyang]]–'''[[Gong River|Gong]]''' (length 313 km, drainage area 27,074 km², 700 m³/s) → Total length 885 km;}}<ref name="Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake">{{cite report|url=https://bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org/journal/vol38/iss12/18|title=Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake|last1=Zhang|first1=Qi|last2=Xue|first2=Chenyang|last3=Xia|first3=Jun|publisher=China Academic Journals|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1894–1902|date=2023|website=bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS63|| '''[[Barito River|Barito]]''' | || {{formatnum:4514}}|| {{formatnum:78632}} || {{formatnum:1090}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]]||{{refn|name=Barito|group=n|Average discharge at Barito Delta, 2003–2016; Source or headwater: Barito (main stem 832 km)–'''Murung''' (length 258 km, drainage area 7,411 km², average discharge 555 m³/s) → Total length 1,090 km;}}<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF64|| |[[Ruki River|'''Ruki''']]|| {{formatnum:4500}}|| {{formatnum:175293}}|| {{formatnum:1296}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ruki|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Ruki (main stem 105 km)–'''[[Busira River|Busira]]''' (main stem 305 km, drainage area 123,669 km², average discharge 3,343 m³/s)–'''[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]]''' (886 km, 51,468 km², 1,422 m³/s) → Total length 1,296 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River">{{cite web|url=https://www.xylem.com/en-om/resources/case-studies/the-annual-hydrograph-of-the-ruki-river|title=The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River|website=www.xylem.com|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA65 || | '''Upper Tocantins'''||{{formatnum:4448}} ||{{formatnum:308345}} ||{{formatnum:2167}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] ||{{refn|name=Upper Tocantins|group=n|Tocantins River above Araguaia River; Its average discharge at the mouth of the Araguaia 4,448 m³/s (period from 1971 to 2000); Source or headwater: Tocantins (upper Tocantins main stem 1,658 km → Total length lower and upper Tocantins 2,640 km)–'''[[Maranhão River|Maranhão]]''' (main stem 392 km, drainage area 41,383 km², average discharge 699 m³/s)–[[Arraial Velho River|Arraial Velho]] (117 km);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA66 | |[[Vaupés River|'''Vaupés''']] || {{formatnum:4345}}|| {{formatnum:64370}}|| {{formatnum:1381}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS67|| '''[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]''' | || {{formatnum:4341}}|| {{formatnum:170903}}|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Tonkin]]||<ref name="Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/SIM3235.pdf|title=Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010|last1=Paul|first1=J. Kinzel|last2=Jonathan|first2=M. Nelson|last3=Duong|first3=Duc Toan|last4=Mung|first4= Dinh Thanh|last5=Yasuyuki|first5=Shimizu|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|location=Sapporo (Japan), Golden (Colorado, United States), Hanoi (Vietnam)|website=www.pubs.usgs.gov|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River">{{cite report |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |title=Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River |date=2004 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS68|| '''[[Mahakam River|Mahakam]]''' | || {{formatnum:4278}}|| {{formatnum:77095}}|| 980 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Makassar Strait]]||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/files/2017_Pola%20PSDA%20Mahakam.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS69|| |[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska|'''Lower Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:4139}}|| {{formatnum:473000}}|| {{formatnum:2989}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA70||'''[[Atrato River|Atrato]]''' | || {{formatnum:4138}}|| {{formatnum:36231}}|| 750 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Urabá]]||<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">{{cite journal|title=Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia|last=Wilmar|first=Loaiza Cerón|journal=Water|date=2020|volume=12|number=1|page=216|doi=10.3390/w12010216|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020Water..12..216L |hdl=10251/176393|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="urlgeotest.tamu.edu">{{cite web |url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |title=Chapter 14 |work=The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads |accessdate=2011-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325144718/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF71|| '''[[Zambezi]]''' | || {{formatnum:4134}}|| {{formatnum:1474004}} || {{formatnum:3421}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Mozambique Channel]]||{{refn|name=Zambezi|group=n|Average discharge at Zambezi Delta 130.39 km³/year (1962–2002); Source or headwater: Zambezi (main stem 2,389 km)–'''[[Lungwebungu River|Lungwebungu]]''' (length 1,032 km, drainage area 44,368 km², average discharge 114 m³/s) → Total length 3,421 km; According to the latest research, the length of the Zambezi River from its traditional geographical source is 3,079 km ([[Zambia]]). The distance from the most remote source—at the headwaters of the Lungwebungu River in [[Angola]]—to the mouth is 3,421 km. In years when the [[Okavango River|Okavango]] experiences a good flood some of the water escapes east along the normally dry channel of the Magwekwana River into the Linyanti Swamp, thus entering the Zambezi basin. According to the GRDC, the combined catchment area of ​​the Zambezi and Okavango is 1,988,756 km².<ref name="Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security">{{cite report|title=Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/4557/2025|last1=Mauro|first1=Lourenco|last2=Rutledge|first2=S. Boyes|last3=Fenton|first3=P. D. Cotterill|last4=Tyrel|first4=Flügel|last5=Frank|first5=C. Nyoni|last6=Goabaone|first6=J. Ramatlapeng|last7=Rainer|first7=von Brandis|publisher=European Geosciences Union (EGU), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)|date=2025|volume=29|issue=18|website=hess.copernicus.org, www.egu.eu}}</ref>}}<ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zambezi-lake-malawi?catid=326&Itemid=0|title=Zambezi–Lake Malawi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis">{{cite report|url=https://cridf.net/RC/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/36ZambeziStateoftheBasinVol3.pdf|title=The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis|docket=State of the Basin|author=The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington D.C. (United States)|website=www.worldbank.org|page=202|volume=3|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /><ref name="Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River">{{cite journal |last1=Hamududu |first1=Byman |last2=Killingtveit |first2=Ånund |title=Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River |journal=Energies |date=2016 |volume=9 |issue=7 |page=502 |doi=10.3390/en9070502|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/2472289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU72|| |[[Kama (river)|'''Kama''']]|| {{formatnum:4119}}|| {{formatnum:523324}}|| {{formatnum:1805}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Volga]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS73|| '''[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]''' | || {{formatnum:4100}}|| {{formatnum:679934}}|| {{formatnum:2600}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kolyma Gulf]]||<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA74|| |[[Apaporis River|'''Apaporis''']]|| {{formatnum:4092}}|| {{formatnum:53509}}|| {{formatnum:1425}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Japurá River|Japurá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA75 || |[[Aripuanã River|'''Aripuanã''']]|| {{formatnum:4087}}|| {{formatnum:147224}}|| {{formatnum:1175}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA76|| '''[[Nelson River|Nelson]]''' | || {{formatnum:4024}}|| {{formatnum:1353555}}|| {{formatnum:2670}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Hudson Bay]]||{{refn|name=Nelson|group=n|Nelson with [[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[Nelson River Hydroelectric Project]]); Source or headwater: Nelson (main stem 644 km)–[[Lake Winnipeg]] (Saskstchewan inflow–Nelson outflow 87 km)–'''[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 547 km, drainage area 405,864"km², 634 m³/s)–'''[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 805 km, 131,442 km², 280 m³/s)–[[Bow River|Bow]] (587 km, 23,862 km², 129 m³/s) → Total length 2,670 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada">{{cite report|url=https://archipel.uqam.ca/3971/1/D2158.pdf|title=Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada|last=Éric|first=Rosa|publisher=Université du Québec á Montréal, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris|location=Montréal, Québec (Canada), Paris (France)|website=www.archipel.ugam.ca|page=189|date=2011}}</ref><ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">{{cite journal|journal=Research Article|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/291/2025/hess-29-291-2025.html|last1=Vivek|first1=K. Arora|last2=Aranildo|first2=Lima|last3=Rajesh|first3=Shrestha|page=291-312|volume=29|issue=1|title=The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model|doi=10.5194/hess-29-291-2025|date=2025|doi-access=free|bibcode=2025HESS...29..291A}}</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">{{cite journal |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |date=2021 |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |s2cid=236682638 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA77|| '''[[Fraser River|Fraser]]'''|| || {{formatnum:3972}}|| {{formatnum:245452}}|| {{formatnum:1375}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Strait of Georgia]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Fraser">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/fraser?catid=199&Itemid=563|title=Fraser|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada">{{cite report|url=http://awsassets.wwf.ca/downloads/wwf_canadas_riversatrisk_technicalreport.pdf|title=Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada|last1=Becky|first1=Swainson|last2=Brian|first2=Richter|last3=Tim|first3=Morris|last4=David|first4=Schindler|last5=Tom|first5=Le Quesne|last6=Allan|first6=Locke|publisher=WWF–Canada|page=96|date=2011|website=www.awsassets.wwf.ca}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA78 | |[[Huallaga River|'''Huallaga''']] || {{formatnum:3955}}|| {{formatnum:89691}}|| {{formatnum:1169}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Marañón River|Marañón]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA79 | |[[Jutaí River|'''Jutaí''']] || {{formatnum:3859}}|| {{formatnum:79374}}|| {{formatnum:1174}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA80|| '''[[La Grande River|La Grande]]''' | || {{formatnum:3808}}|| {{formatnum:209000}}|| 893 || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]]||{{refn|name=La Grande|group=n|La Grande–[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]–[[Eastmain River|Eastmain]]–[[Rupert River|Rupert]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]);}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/east-hudson-bay?catid=305&Itemid=563 |title=East Hudson Bay |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">{{cite journal |journal=Environmental Science |title=Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/20/4801/2016/hess-20-4801-2016.pdf |doi=10.5194/hess-20-4801-2016 |page=4801-4818 |volume=20 |last1=Stephen |first1=J. Déry |last2=Tricia |first2=A. Stadnyk |last3=Matthew |first3=K. MacDonald |last4=Bunu |first4=Gauli- Sharma |date=2016 |issue=12 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016HESS...20.4801D}}</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., ''Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume.'' July 2005 ([http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104610/http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf|date=5 June 2011}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA81|| |'''[[Upper Mississippi River|Upper Mississippi]]'''|| {{formatnum:3687}}|| {{formatnum:445591}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||{{refn|name=Upper Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi River above Missouri River;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU82|| '''[[Northern Dvina]]''' | || {{formatnum:3549}}|| {{formatnum:323573}} || {{formatnum:1800}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[White Sea]]||{{refn|name=Northern Dvina|group=n|Average discharge at Northern Dvina Delta, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Northern Dvina (main stem 670 km)–'''[[Vychegda]]''' (length 1,130 km, drainage area 119,888 km², 1,160 m³/s) → Total length 1,800 km;}}<ref name="About the Northern Dvina River">{{cite web|url=https://www.kotlas.org/kotlas/northern_dvina.php|title=About the Northern Dvina River|website=www.kotlas.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS83|| '''[[Godavari River|Godavari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3503}}|| {{formatnum:314829}}|| {{formatnum:1465}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indian-peninsula?catid=274&Itemid=780|title=Indian Peninsula|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA84|| |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|'''Caura''']] || {{formatnum:3500}}|| {{formatnum:49530}}|| {{formatnum:723}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación">{{cite report|title=Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-07/010010813.pdf|author=Comisión del Plan Nacional de Aprovechcurriento de los Recursos Hidráulicos (COPLANARH)|publisher=Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)|location=Caracas|page=283}}</ref><ref name="Scientia Guaianae">{{cite report|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344149488|title=Scientia Guaianae|work=Ecología de la Cuenca del Río Caura, Venezuela I. Caracterización general|docket=A series on natural sciences of the Guayana region|last1=Judith|first1=Rosales|last2=Otto|first2=Huber|last3=Paul|first3=Berry|last4=Henry|first4=Briceño|last5=Elvira|first5=Cuevas|last6=Gonzalo|first6=Febres F.|last7=Horst|first7=Fölster|last8=Stefan|first8=Gorzula|last9=Stephen|first9=S. Tillett|last10=Stanford|first10=Zent|last11=Gustavo|first11=Romero|last12=Aldred|first12=Znick|publisher=Fundacite–Guayana, UNEG, Wildlife Conservation Society, Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela|location=Caracas, Puerto Ordaz (Venezuela)|number=6|volume=1|page=152|issn=0798-1120|isbn=980-6020-34-0|date=1996}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF85 | |[[Benue River|'''Benue''']]|| {{formatnum:3477}}|| {{formatnum:338968}}|| {{formatnum:1440}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Niger River|Niger]]||<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Niger" /><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA86 | |[[Trombetas River|'''Trombetas''']] || {{formatnum:3437}}|| {{formatnum:126973}}|| {{formatnum:764}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA87 | |[[Inírida River|'''Inírida''']] || {{formatnum:3385}}|| {{formatnum:53795}}|| {{formatnum:1300}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA88|| |'''Upper Columbia''' || {{formatnum:3364}}|| {{formatnum:292316}}|| {{formatnum:1439}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Columbia River|Columbia]]||{{refn|name=Upper Columbia|group=n|Columbia River above Snake River;}}<ref name="Columbia River" /><ref name="USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013)">{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC89 | |[[Strickland River|'''Strickland''']] || {{formatnum:3328}}|| {{formatnum:36740}}|| {{formatnum:824}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Fly River|Fly]]||<ref name="Annual Environmental Report 2017">{{cite report|url=https://png-data.sprep.org/system/files/2017-Porgera-AER-Final.pdf|title=Annual Environmental Report 2017|author=Porgera Joint Venture|publisher=PNG Data Portal, CSIRO|location=Mount Hagen, Western Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea), Kinawee (Australia)|website=www.png-data.sprep.org|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF90 | |[[Kwango River|'''Kwango''']] || {{formatnum:3317}}|| {{formatnum:270904}}|| {{formatnum:1702}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kasai River|Kasai]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS91 | |'''[[Ghaghara]]''' || {{formatnum:3278}}|| {{formatnum:131948}}|| {{formatnum:1167}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Ganges]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /><ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341">{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=Sharad K.|last2=Agarwal|first2=Pushpendra K.|last3=Singh|first3=Vijay P.|title=Hydrology and water resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA341|accessdate=26 April 2011|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|page=341}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA92|| |'''[[Paranaiba River|Paranaiba]]''' || {{formatnum:3216}}|| {{formatnum:223582}}|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS93|| '''[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]''' | || {{formatnum:3200}}|| {{formatnum:371417}} || {{formatnum:1636}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Khatanga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 101 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Khatanga (main stem 227 km)–'''[[Kotuy River|Kotuy]]''' (length 1,409 km, drainage area 176,000 km², average discharge 1,282 m³/s) → Total length 1,636 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS94|| |[[Subansiri River|'''Subansiri''']] || {{formatnum:3197}}|| {{formatnum:34833}}|| {{formatnum:518}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin">{{cite journal |journal=Climate |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/1/18 |title=Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin |last1=Wahid |first1=Shahriar |last2=Sagar |first2=Ratna Bajracharya |last3=Shrestha |first3=Arun Bhakta |last4=Hossain |first4=Md. Shahadat |last5=Mazumder |first5=Liton Chandra |last6=Mazumder |first6=Tarun Kanti |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=18 |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC95|| '''[[Pulau River|Eilanden]]''' | || {{formatnum:3133}}|| {{formatnum:37164}} || 679 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Arafura Sea]]||<ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study">{{cite web|url=https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/display/JCP/Final+Reports|title=Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study|last1=van Beek|first1=E.|last2=Bons|first2=K.|last3=Brinkman|first3=J.|date=2013}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS96|| |'''Upper Yenisei'''|| {{formatnum:3090}}|| {{formatnum:344000}}|| {{formatnum:1843}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||{{refn|name=Upper Yenisei|group=n|Yenisei River above Angara River; Source or headwater: Upper Yenisei (main stem 1,238 km)–'''[[Great Yenisei]]''' (length 605 km, drainage area 56,800 km², average discharge 599 m³/s);}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF97|| '''[[Nile]]''' | || {{formatnum:3075}}|| {{formatnum:3826122}} || {{formatnum:7088}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mediterranean Sea]]||{{refn|name=longest|group=n|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650 km, and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400 km. In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992 km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853 km.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins. The dispute is: "Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?" A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088 km for the Nile and 6,575 km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions. According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate. Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.}}{{refn|name=Nile|group=n|The average flow rate measured at the [[Atbara River]] estuary (at [[Atbara]], [[Sudan]]) the most abundant point of the Nile (3,075 m³/s, 1971–2000); Average discharge at [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] ([[Egypt]]) 2,800 m³/s, at [[Nile Delta]] 150 m³/s (2009–2018); The total topographic drainage basin of the Nile, including desert areas, is approximately 3,826,122 km² according to the GRDC; Source or headwater: Nile (main stem 2,950 km)–'''[[White Nile]]''' (main stem 2,300 km, drainage area 1,849,988 km², average discharge at [[Khartoum]] 897 m³/s)–'''[[Albert Nile]]''' (210 km, 428,830 km², 1,039 m³/s)–[[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]]–[[Lake Kyoga]]–'''[[Victoria Nile]]''' (423 km, 351,576 km², 906 m³/s) –[[Lake Victoria]] (Kagera inflow–Victoria Nile outflow 280 km)–'''[[Kagera River|Kagera]]''' (main stem 572 km, 58,579 km², 346 m³/s)–[[Lake Rweru]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]] (main stem 271 km, 15,868 km², 112 m³/s)–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]] (main stem 14 km, 1,269 km², 11 m³/s)–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]] (49 km, 518 km², 4.8 m³/s) → Total length 7,088 km – '''The longest river in the world''';}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Nile River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/nile?catid=186&Itemid=496|title=Nile River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /><ref name="Water accounting in the Nile River Basin">{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment">{{cite report|url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-river-nile-evolution-and-environment-34na4lyy.pdf|title=The River Nile: Evolution and Environment|docket=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management|last1=Jamie|first1=C. Woodward|last2=Mark|first2=G. Macklin|last3=Michael|first3=D. Krom|last4=Martin|first4=A.J. Williams|publisher=The University of Manchaster|location=Manchaster (United Kingdom)|doi=10.1002/9781119412632.ch14|page=51|date=2023|website=scispace.com |isbn=978-1-119-41260-1 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS98|| '''[[Musi River (Indonesia)|Musi]]''' | || {{formatnum:3066}}|| {{formatnum:59942}} || 759 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Sumatra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/sumatra?catid=285&Itemid=780|title=Sumatra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-08/010082415.pdf|last1=Delphine|first1=Dobler|last2=Elodie|first2=Martinez|last3=Rinny|first3=Rahmania|last4=Budhi Gunadharma|first4=Gautama|last5=A. Riza|first5=Farhan|title=Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling|publisher=Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Agence Française de Développement (AFD)|page=96|date=2021|isbn=979-10-699-7188-2|website=www.horizon.documentation.ird.fr}}</ref><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia">{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7|title=The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia|last1=Francisca|first1=Wit|last2=Tim|first2=Rixen|last3=Antje|first3=Baum|last4=Widodo|first4=S. Pranowo|last5=Andreas|first5=A. Hutahaean|journal=Scientific Reports |year=2018|volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=17403 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7 |doi-access=free|pmid=30479397 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817403W |pmc=6258705}}</ref><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia">{{cite journal|url=https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/17/2019/|doi=10.5194/bg-16-17-2019 |title=Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia |year=2019 |last1=Müller-Dum |first1=Denise |last2=Warneke |first2=Thorsten |last3=Rixen |first3=Tim |last4=Müller |first4=Moritz |last5=Baum |first5=Antje |last6=Christodoulou |first6=Aliki |last7=Oakes |first7=Joanne |last8=Eyre |first8=Bradley D. |last9=Notholt |first9=Justus |journal=Biogeosciences |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |bibcode=2019BGeo...16...17M |s2cid=203167471 |doi-access=free |hdl=1959.3/447242 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA99|| |[[Tigre River|'''Tigre''']] || {{formatnum:3047}}|| {{formatnum:45073}}|| {{formatnum:1087}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA100|| '''[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]''' | || {{formatnum:3037}}|| {{formatnum:638324}} || {{formatnum:3180}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco">{{cite web|url=https://brasildasaguas.com.br/educacional/regioes-hidrograficas/regiao-hidrografica-do-sao-francisco|title=Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco|website=brasildasaguas.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA101|| |[[Iriri River|'''Iriri''']] || {{formatnum:3028}}|| {{formatnum:142079}}|| {{formatnum:1151}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Xingu River|Xingu]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS102 | |[[Min River (Sichuan)|'''Min''']] || {{formatnum:3022}}|| {{formatnum:135296}}|| {{formatnum:735}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years">{{cite journal|journal=Water and Clinate Change|title=Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years|last1=Hongjuan|first1=Zhai|last2=Meng|first2=Wang|last3=Dandan|first3=Shen|last4=Bo|first4=Hu|last5=Yajun|first5=Li|date=2022|volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=3675–3691|doi=10.2166/wcc.2022.218 |bibcode=2022JWCC...13.3675Z |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC103|| '''[[Purari River|Purari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3000}}|| {{formatnum:33773}}|| 902 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF000628|title=Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua|last1=Rudy|first1=Slingerland|last2=Neal W.|first2=Driscoll|last3=John D.|first3=Milliman|last4=Scott R.|first4=Miller|last5=Elizabeth A.|first5=Johnstone|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |date=2008|volume=113|issue=F1 |article-number=2006JF000628 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000628 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S13S |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS104 | |[[Yamuna river|'''Yamuna''']] || {{formatnum:2948}}|| {{formatnum:366223}}|| {{formatnum:1376}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS105 | |[[Srepok River|'''Srepok''']] || {{formatnum:2940}}|| {{formatnum:79015}}|| {{formatnum:454}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mekong]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA106 | |'''Yarí'''|| {{formatnum:2933}}|| {{formatnum:37127}}|| {{formatnum:691}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caquetá River|Caquetá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS107 | |[[Panjnad River|'''Panjnad''']] || {{formatnum:2910}}|| {{formatnum:395000}}|| {{formatnum:1571}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indus River|Indus]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU108 ||'''[[Rhine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2900}} ||{{formatnum:190522}} ||{{formatnum:1233}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[North Sea]] |{{refn|Total discharge at the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt Delta]] 101 km³/year; The total combined catchment area is 224,000 km². The Rhine with the [[Meuse|Maas]] River and the [[Ijssel]] delta branch;|name=Rhine|group=n}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Rhine">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Rhine |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/rhine?catid=230&Itemid=764|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001333/133303e.pdf Rhine case study]; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS109 | |[[Xiang River|'''Xiang''']]|| {{formatnum:2848}}|| {{formatnum:102148}}|| {{formatnum:948}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS110|| '''[[Batang Hari River|Batang Hari]]''' | || {{formatnum:2819}}|| {{formatnum:46504}}|| 800 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari">{{cite report|url= https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_Pola%20PSDA_Wilayah%20Sungai%20Batanghari.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA111 | |[[Guaporé River|'''Guaporé''']] || {{formatnum:2738}}|| {{formatnum:353028}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS112|| '''[[Pyasina]]''' | || {{formatnum:2730}}|| {{formatnum:182000}} || {{formatnum:817}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kara Sea]]||<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project">{{cite web|url=https://www2.whoi.edu/site/aomip/data/river-runoff-forcing-data|title=River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project|website=www2.whoi.edu}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA113 ||'''[[Cuyuni River|Cuyuni]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2719}} ||{{formatnum:85635}} ||{{formatnum:633}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin; Average discharge at near mouth 5,000 m³/s (154–178 km³/year), drainage area 158,407 km², length 1,014 km;}}{{refn|name=Cuyuni|group=n|Average discharge at [[Bartica]], period from 1996 to 2005;}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters">{{cite book |last1=Likens |first1=Gene E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AL6J8i9ZeDEC |title=Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-381997-0}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65a2050e-d7a1-4b62-a351-884dab1a4fc8/content|title=Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina|docket=Reunion regional preparatoria para America Latina y el Caribe Naciones Unidas sobre el agua|author=Consejo Económico y Social (CES)|publisher=Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=95|date=1976|website=repositorio.cepal.org}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic North Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=167&catid=329&Itemid=179#tab-4753|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins">{{cite report|title=Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins|url=https://www.waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report53-GlobalBlueWaterScarcity.pdf|last1=A.Y.|first1=Hoekstra|last2=M.M.|first2=Mekonnen|date=2011|work=Value of Water Research Report Series NO. 53|location=Delft (Netherlands)|publisher=UNESCO–IHE Institute for Water Education}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS114 | |[[Mali River|'''Mali Hka''']]|| {{formatnum:2693}}|| {{formatnum:23221}}|| {{formatnum:320}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA115 ||'''[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2678}} ||{{formatnum:77743}} ||{{formatnum:1052}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]||{{refn|name=Usumacinta|group=n|Average discharge above Grijalva, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Usumacinta (main stem 562 km)–'''[[Chixoy River|Chixoy]]''' (main stem 446 km, drainage area 13,161 km², average discharge 551 m³/s)–Pacaranat (44 km, 945 km², 31.5 m³/s);}}{{refn|name=Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin; Total length 1,123 km; Drainage area 127,676 km², average discharge 125–147 km³/year;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Grijalva–Usumacinta |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/grijalva-usumacinta?catid=248&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta">{{cite report|title=Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta|url=https://www.agua.unam.mx/PremioTesis/assets/docs/TesisGanadoras/SoriaIsmael_FlujoCarbonoRioUsumacinta.pdf|last1=Ismael|first1=Fabián|last2=Soria|first2=Reinoso|last3=Dr. Javier|first3=Alcocer|last4=Dr. Felipe|first4=García-Oliva|last5=Dr. Luis|first5=Oseguera|last6=Dr. Alfonso|first6=Lugo|last7=Dr. Enrique|first7=Cantoral|last8=Dr. Salvador|first8=Sánchez Carrillo|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)|location=Ciudad de México (Mexico)|page=32|date=2020|website=agua.unam.mx}}</ref><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005">{{cite report|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/historicos/1334/702825160173/702825160173_1.pdf|title=Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI)|publisher=INEGI|page=99|issn=0188-8692|date=2006|website=inegi.org.mx}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA116||'''[[San Juan River (Colombia)|San Juan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2649}}|| {{formatnum:16465}} || 399 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region">{{cite report|url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v86n208/0012-7353-dyna-86-208-297.pdf|title=Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region|docket=DYNA|last1=Manuela|first1=Velásquez-Restrepo|last2=Germán|first2=Poveda|publisher=Facultad de Minas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia|location=Medellín (Colombia)|pages=297–306|issn=0012-7353|doi=10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73587|date=2019|website=scielo.org}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF117|| '''[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross]]''' | || {{formatnum:2647}}|| {{formatnum:52257}}|| 489 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Biafra]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU118|| '''[[Neva]]''' | || {{formatnum:2646}}|| {{formatnum:287094}} || {{formatnum:1063}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Finland]]||{{refn|name=Neva|group=n|Average discharge at [[Saint Petersburg]], 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Neva (main stem 74 km)–[[Lake Ladoga]]–'''[[Volkhov River|Volkhov]]''' (main stem 224 km, drainage area 79,500 km², average discharge 593 m³/s)–[[Lake Ilmen]]–[[Msta]] (main stem 445 km, 23,231 km², 209 m³/s)–[[Lake Mstino]]–[[Tsna (Tver Oblast)|Tsna]] (160 km, 4,518 km², 38 m³/s) → Total length 1,063 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Neva River and Neva Bay''">{{cite book|author=Nezhihovsky, R. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ8LHQAACAAJ|title=Neva River and Neva Bay|publisher=Gidrometeoizdat|date=1981}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS119|| |[[Songhua River|'''Songhua''']] || {{formatnum:2591}}|| {{formatnum:557180}}|| {{formatnum:1927}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Amur]]||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/heilong-jiang-amur?catid=213&Itemid=0|title=Heilong Jiang (Amur)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA120 || |[[Urubamba River|'''Urubamba''']] || {{formatnum:2579}}|| {{formatnum:59071}}|| {{formatnum:915}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC121 ||'''[[Digul]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2578}} ||{{formatnum:29175}} ||853 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Arafura Sea ||{{refn|name=Entire Digul–Mappi Basin|group=n|Drainage area 46,947 km², average discharge at Digul Delta 3,028 m³/s;}}<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_RPSDA%20WS%20Einladen%E2%80%93Digul%E2%80%93Bikuma.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papua-new-guinea?catid=277&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA122|| |[[Casiquiare canal|'''Casiquiare''']]|| {{formatnum:2574}}|| {{formatnum:82800}}|| {{formatnum:731}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF123 | |[[Sangha River|'''Sangha''']]|| {{formatnum:2570}}|| {{formatnum:191953}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA124 | |[[Apure River|'''Apure''']]|| {{formatnum:2544}}|| {{formatnum:116713}}|| {{formatnum:1038}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS125 | |[[Kosi River|'''Kosi''']] || {{formatnum:2500}}|| {{formatnum:88185}}|| {{formatnum:729}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS131|| '''[[Kayan River|Kayan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:33005}}|| 576 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" | [[Celebes Sea]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Hanergy 2013">{{Citation|last=Hanergy Holding Group|title=Indonesia East Kalimantan Kayan River Basin Hydropower and Aluminum smelting Project|url=https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|date=March 2013|type=Slide deck|mode=cs1|via=Scribd|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924131157/https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS126|| |[[Dhanu River|'''Ghorautra''']] || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:24060}}|| {{formatnum:339}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA127 | |[[Pastaza River|'''Pastaza''']]|| {{formatnum:2438}}|| {{formatnum:41793}}|| {{formatnum:787}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA128 | |[[Liard River|'''Liard''']] || {{formatnum:2434}}|| {{formatnum:277100}}|| {{formatnum:1215}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]||<ref name="Mackenzie" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA129 | |[[Ituí River|'''Ituí''']] || {{formatnum:2422}}|| {{formatnum:43035}}|| {{formatnum:796}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Javary River|Javary]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA130 | |[[Paragua River|'''Paragua''']] || {{formatnum:2389}}|| {{formatnum:39605}}|| {{formatnum:550}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caroní River|Caroní]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA131 ||'''[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2369}} ||{{formatnum:68788}} ||{{formatnum:936}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{r|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin}}{{refn|name=Essequibo|group=n|Essequibo above Cuyuni at [[Bartica]]; Average discharge 2,369 m³/s (1971–2000);}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters" /><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS132|| |[[Jialing River|'''Jialing''']]|| {{formatnum:2368}}|| {{formatnum:159180}}|| {{formatnum:1345}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA133 | |[[Cauca River|'''Cauca''']] || {{formatnum:2364}}|| {{formatnum:59840}}|| {{formatnum:1180}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA134 | |[[Red River of the South|'''Red River''']]|| {{formatnum:2349}}|| {{formatnum:241388}}|| {{formatnum:2189}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/arkansas-white-red?catid=2&Itemid=179|title=Arkansas White Red|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA135||'''[[Jacuí River|Jacuí]]''' | || {{formatnum:2327}}|| {{formatnum:82618}} || 800 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lagoa dos Patos]]||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Atlantic East Coastal">{{cite web|title=Atlantic East Coastal|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/SOUTH_AMERICA/ATLANTIC%20EAST%20COAST_COASTAL/index.html|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA136 | |[[Içana River|'''Içana''']] || {{formatnum:2279}}|| {{formatnum:35516}}|| {{formatnum:689}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA137 | |[[Anapu River|'''Anapu''']] || {{formatnum:2272}}|| {{formatnum:52495}} || {{formatnum:470}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Furo do Tajapuru]] ||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF138 | |[[Fimi River|'''Fimi''']]|| {{formatnum:2253}}|| {{formatnum:136175}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||{{refn|name=Fimi|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Fimi (main stem 190 km)–'''[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]''' (length 1,205 km, drainage area 69,259 km², average discharge 1,077 m³/s) → Total length 1,395 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF139|| '''[[Sanaga River|Sanaga]]''' | || {{formatnum:2223}}|| {{formatnum:134252}} || {{formatnum:1067}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Bight of Biafra ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS140|| '''[[Amu Darya]]''' | || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:798035}}|| {{formatnum:2620}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Aral Sea]] ||{{refn|name=Amu Darya|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point, above the outlet of the [[Karakum Canal]]; Source or headwater: Amu Darya (main stem 1,699 km)–'''[[Panj (river)|Panj]]''' (length 921 km, drainage area 116,799 km², average discharge 1,075 m³/s) → Total length 2,620 km;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Ecological Indicators|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111419|title=Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia|last1=Rashid|first1=Mahmood|last2=Shaofeng|first2=Jia|last3=Aifeng|first3=Lv|last4=Shahid|first4=Naeem|volume=178|year=2024|article-number=111419 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024EcInd.15811419M }}</ref><ref name="Amu-Darya - Chatly">{{cite web|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2917100.html|title=Amu-Darya - Chatly|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin">{{cite web|url= https://www.cawater-info.net/yearbook/2022/02_yearbook2022_en.htm|title=Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin|website=www.cawater-info.net}}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/DAM/env/water/publications/assessment/English/G_PartIV_Chapter3_En.pdf|title=Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF141|| |[[Aruwimi River|'''Aruwimi''']] || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:121163}}|| {{formatnum:1287}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS142|| '''[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]''' | || {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:191000}} || {{formatnum:1146}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Anadyr]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="water">[http://water-rf.ru/Водные_объекты/842/Анадырь «Вода России» – Анадырь]</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA143|| |[[Ventuari River|'''Ventuari''']]|| {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:40861}}|| {{formatnum:520}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA144 | |[[Curaray River|'''Curaray''']]|| {{formatnum:2155}}|| {{formatnum:26775}}|| {{formatnum:1011}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Napo River|Napo]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS145|| '''[[Krishna River|Krishna]]''' | || {{formatnum:2145}}|| {{formatnum:274596}} || {{formatnum:1300}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /><ref name="A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India">{{cite journal|journal=Current Science|url=https://www.academia.edu/65907676|title=A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India|last1=C. Prakash|first1=Babu|volume=118|doi=10.18520/cs/v118/i3/455-461|date=2020|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA146|| |[[Tennessee River|'''Tennessee''']] || {{formatnum:2140}}|| {{formatnum:105870}}|| {{formatnum:1049}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Tennessee">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tennessee?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Tennessee|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS147 | |[[Lohit River|'''Lohit''']] || {{formatnum:2138}}|| {{formatnum:29330}}|| {{formatnum:560}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA148 | |[[Tapauá River|'''Tapauá''']] || {{formatnum:2135}}|| {{formatnum:63185}}|| {{formatnum:745}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Purus River|Purus]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS149|| '''[[Mahanadi]]''' | || {{formatnum:2125}}|| {{formatnum:145260}} || 851 || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA150||'''[[Mobile River|Mobile]]'''–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' | || {{formatnum:2118}}|| {{formatnum:124158}} || {{formatnum:1263}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico ||{{refn|name=Mobile|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Mobile (main stem 72 km)–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' (main stem 512 km, drainage area 59,104 km², average discharge 1,023 m³/s)–'''[[Coosa River|Coosa]]''' (main stem 450 km, 26,364 km², 479 m³/s)–[[Oostanaula River|Oostanaula]] (main stem 79 km, 5,603 km², 117 m³/s)–[[Conasauga River|Conasauga]] (150 km, 1,880 km², 41 m³/s) → Total length 1,263 km;}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="South Atlantic Gulf">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/south-atlantic-gulf?catid=314&Itemid=563|title=South Atlantic Gulf|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS151|| |'''[[Olyokma]]'''|| {{formatnum:2110}}|| {{formatnum:209378}}|| {{formatnum:1436}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS152 | |[[Yuan River|'''Yuan''']]|| {{formatnum:2106}}|| {{formatnum:93287}}|| {{formatnum:864}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA153 | |[[Ji-Paraná River|'''Ji-Paraná''']] || {{formatnum:2100}}|| {{formatnum:76127}}|| {{formatnum:820}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.coc.ufrj.br/es/documents2/doutorado/2006-2/860-alfredo-ribeiro-neto-doutorado/file&ved=2ahUKEwj9k6rv5or9AhX_AxAIHbTFB7EQFnoECAkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw263SiaNJvrXCQt8VjBOQzr|title=SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA|first1=Carlos|last1=Vieira da Silva|first2=Carlos Eduardo|last2=Morelli Tucci|first3=José|last3=Almir Cirilo|first4=Luciene|last4=Pimentel da Silva|first5=Otto|last5=Corrêa Roturno Filho|first6=Benoit|last6=Le Guennec|date=2006}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF154 | |[[Lomami River|'''Lomami''']] || {{formatnum:2062}}|| {{formatnum:109080}}|| {{formatnum:1946}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF155 | |[[Lulonga River|'''Lulonga''']] || {{formatnum:2040}}|| {{formatnum:82952}}|| {{formatnum:926}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Lulonga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Lulonga (main stem 200 km)–'''[[Maringa River|Maringa]]''' (length 726 km, drainage area 32,799 km², average discharge 972 m³/s) → Total length 926 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS156 | |[[Gandaki River|'''Gandak''']] || {{formatnum:2025}}|| {{formatnum:46300}}|| {{formatnum:814}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA157||'''[[Maroni (river)|Maroni]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:66184}}|| 725 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System">{{cite web |url=https://wsag.unh.edu/Tools/html/RGISMain.html |title=Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System |website=wsag.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam">{{cite report|title=Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam|last=André|first=Calmont|publisher=Espaces tropicaux|date=2008|page=205-219|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/etrop_1147-3991_2008_act_19_10_1274}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC158|| '''[[Kikori River|Kikori]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:18863}}|| 445 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA159|| |[[Pachitea River|'''Pachitea''']] || {{formatnum:1992}}|| {{formatnum:28648}}|| 587|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS160 ||'''[[Yellow River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1990}} ||{{formatnum:988063}} ||{{formatnum:5778}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bohai Sea]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC161|| |[[Tariku River|'''Tariku''']]|| {{formatnum:1953}}|| {{formatnum:24664}}|| 488|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]||<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA162 | |[[Ottawa River|'''Ottawa''']]|| {{formatnum:1949}}|| {{formatnum:147406}}|| {{formatnum:1271}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[St. Lawrence River]]||<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS163 | |[[Podkamennaya Tunguska|'''Stony Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:1945}}|| {{formatnum:249000}}|| {{formatnum:1865}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF164 ||'''[[Cuanza River|Cuanza]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1944}} ||{{formatnum:163832}} ||960 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=South West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS165 ||'''[[Indigirka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1933}} ||{{formatnum:360400}} ||{{formatnum:1726}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[East Siberian Sea]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA166 ||'''[[Churchill River (Atlantic)|Churchill]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1931}} ||{{formatnum:93119}} ||856 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Labrador Sea]] |<ref name="North Atlantic Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Atlantic Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-atlantic-seaboard?catid=311&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA167|| |[[Caguán River|'''Caguán''']] || {{formatnum:1929}}|| {{formatnum:21276}}|| 596|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caquetá ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS168 | |[[Yalong River|'''Yalong''']]|| {{formatnum:1914}}|| {{formatnum:128444}}|| {{formatnum:1323}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU169 ||'''[[Rhône]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1900}} ||{{formatnum:99298}} ||812 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mediterranean Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA170 ||'''[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1897}} ||{{formatnum:124319}} ||{{formatnum:1130}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bering Sea]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA171 ||'''[[Saguenay River|Saguenay]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1894}} ||{{formatnum:87635}} ||{{formatnum:698}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Estuary of St. Lawrence]] |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS172 ||'''[[Min River (Fujian)|Min]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1870}} ||{{formatnum:60040}} ||577 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Taiwan Strait]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS173 | |[[Kopili River|'''Kopili''']]|| {{formatnum:1847}}|| {{formatnum:20068}}|| 341|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS174 ||'''[[Baram River|Baram]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1845}} ||{{formatnum:22325}} ||635 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology">{{cite report|url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/10312080_02.pdf|title=National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology|docket=Part 2 – Sabah and Sarawak|author=((The Government of Malaysia, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) )) |publisher=Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)|page=116|date=1982}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA175|| |[[Iguazu River|'''Iguaçu''']]|| {{formatnum:1836}}|| {{formatnum:67537}}|| {{formatnum:1320}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS176 | |'''Upper Lena''' || {{formatnum:1811}}|| {{formatnum:200700}}|| {{formatnum:1686}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||{{refn|name=Upper Lena|group=n|Lena River above Vitim River;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS177 | |[[Zeya (river)|'''Zeya''']] || {{formatnum:1807}}|| {{formatnum:232077}}|| {{formatnum:1242}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA178 ||'''[[Copper River (Alaska)|Copper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1794}} ||{{formatnum:67204}} ||480 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Alaska]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA179|| |[[Uatumã River|'''Uatumã''']] || {{formatnum:1790}}|| {{formatnum:68477}}|| 701|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA180 ||'''[[Courantyne River|Courantyne]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1780}} ||{{formatnum:67877}} ||725 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Courantyne Delta">{{cite web|url=https://sharkrayareas.org/wp-content/uploads/isra-factsheets/5SouthAmericanAtlantic/Courantyne-Delta-5SouthAmericanAtlantic.pdf|title=Courantyne Delta|website=sharkrayareas.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS181 ||'''[[Great Tenasserim River|Great Tenasserim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1778}} ||{{formatnum:19637}} ||616 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA182 ||'''[[Skeena River|Skeena]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1770}} ||{{formatnum:54432}} ||570 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Hecate Strait]] |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Pacific Ocean Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/pacific-ocean-seaboard?catid=312&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS183 ||'''[[Taz (river)|Taz]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1755}} ||{{formatnum:152086}} ||{{formatnum:1401}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS184 | '''[[Cagayan River|Cagayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1740}} ||{{formatnum:27753}} ||505 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF185|| |[[Sankuru River|'''Sankuru''']]|| {{formatnum:1738}}|| {{formatnum:149480}}|| {{formatnum:1285}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU186 | |'''[[Sava]]'''|| {{formatnum:1722}}|| {{formatnum:97713}}|| 992|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Danube]]||<ref name="Danube Flood Risk Management Plan">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/danube_flood_risk_managament_plan_-_update_2021_low_resolution.pdf|title=Danube Flood Risk Management Plan|author=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|page=174|isbn=978-3-200-08289-2|date=2021|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="The Sava River Basin Analysis Report">{{cite report|url=https://www.savacommission.org/UserDocsImages/05_documents_publications/water_management/eng/SavaRBMPlan//sava_river_basin_analysis_report_high_res.pdf|title=The Sava River Basin Analysis Report|author=International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC)|publisher=ISRBC|location=Zagreb (Croatia)|page=289|date=2009|website=www.savacommission.org }}</ref><ref name="Sava Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/sava-basin|title=Sava Basin|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="Danube" /><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA187 | |[[Roosevelt River|'''Roosevelt''']]|| {{formatnum:1711}}|| {{formatnum:59844}}|| 705|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS188 ||'''[[Kaladan River|Kaladan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1704}} ||{{formatnum:22611}} ||744 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |{{refn|name=Kaladan|group=n|Kaladan with [[Lemro River|Lemro]] and [[Mayu (river)|Mayu]] at Kaladan Delta: drainage area 40,000 km², average discharge 3,476 m³/s;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Bay of Bengal–West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/bay-of-bengale-west-coast?catid=271&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Environment management of a river in Myanmar">{{cite report|url=http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/13775|title=Environment management of a river in Myanmar|docket=Master of Technology, Conservation of Rivers and Lakes|last1=Kyaw|first1=Naing Oo|last2=Sunil|first2=Kumar Singal|publisher=Alternative Hydro Energy Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|location=Roorkee (India)|page=229|date=2012|website=www.shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU189 ||'''[[Dnieper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1700}} ||{{formatnum:531817}} ||{{formatnum:2201}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Black Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-black-sea-coast?catid=297&Itemid=550 |title=North Black Sea Coast|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS190|| |[[Wu River (Yangtze tributary)|'''Wu''']]|| {{formatnum:1698}}|| {{formatnum:86799}}|| {{formatnum:1150}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS191 | |'''[[Vilyuy]]'''|| {{formatnum:1683}}|| {{formatnum:454000}}|| {{formatnum:2650}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA192 | |[[Igapó-Açu River|'''Igapó-Açu''']]|| {{formatnum:1677}}|| {{formatnum:45792}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA193 | |[[Jamanxim River|'''Jamanxim''']]|| {{formatnum:1673}}|| {{formatnum:58001}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Tapajós ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA194 ||'''[[Stikine River|Stikine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1670}} ||{{formatnum:51316}} ||546 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS195|| |[[Dadu River|'''Dadu''']]|| {{formatnum:1670}}|| {{formatnum:90182}}|| {{formatnum:1076}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years" /><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS196 | |[[Manas River|'''Manas''']] || {{formatnum:1667}}|| {{formatnum:41350}}|| 400|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS197 | |[[Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)|'''Han''']]|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:165306}}|| {{formatnum:1577}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS198 | |'''[[Tonlé Sap]]'''|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:88254}}|| 147|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS199 | |[[Chenab River|'''Chenab''']] || {{formatnum:1637}}|| {{formatnum:175877}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Panjnad River|Panjnad]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS200 ||'''[[Đồng Nai River|Dông Nai]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1635}} ||{{formatnum:46858}} ||586 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Viet Nam Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Viet Nam Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/viet-nam-coast?catid=288&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF201|| |'''[[Blue Nile]]'''|| {{formatnum:1632}}|| {{formatnum:314458}}|| {{formatnum:1674}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Nile]]||<ref name="Nile River" /><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF202 | |'''[[Lowa (Kivu/Maniema)|Lowa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1625}}|| {{formatnum:52087}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS203 | |'''[[Ussuri]]'''|| {{formatnum:1620}}|| {{formatnum:195047}}|| 897|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA204 ||'''[[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan del Norte]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1614}}||{{formatnum:41659}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea ||{{refn|name=San Juan del Norte|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: San Juan del Norte (main stem 209 km)–[[Lake Nicaragua]] (Tipitapa inflow–San Juan del Norte outflow 177 km)–[[Tipitapa River|Tipitapa]] (main stem 34 km, drainage area 6,739 km², average discharge 95 m³/s)–[[Lake Managua]] (Río Grande inflow–Tipitapi outflow 50 km)–Río Grande (145 km, 1,730 km², 16.5 m³/s)–San Rafael del Norte (19 km)–Quebrada La Breiera (7 km) → Total 641 km;}}<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA205 ||'''[[Guayas River|Guayas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1606}} ||{{formatnum:37084}} ||689 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Guayaquil]] |<ref name="Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil">{{cite report|url=https://www.guayaquil.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/Documentos/Dragado/3)%20DRAGADO%20FULL%20CANAL%20ACCESO%20GYE%202012/Capitulo7%20CONDICIONESHIDRODINAMICASCANALACCESO/Capitulo7.pdf|title=Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil|docket=Fase II – Capitulo 7|author=Autoridad Portuaria de Guayaquil|publisher=Geoestudios, Consulsua|location=Guayaquil (Ecuador)|page=103|date=2012|website=guayaquil.gob.ec}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA206 ||'''[[Araguari River (Amapá)|Araguari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1604}} ||{{formatnum:43265}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS207|| |[[Yu River (Guangxi)|'''Yu''']]|| {{formatnum:1604}}|| {{formatnum:89677}}|| {{formatnum:1152}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Xun River|Xun]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA208 ||'''[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1600}} ||{{formatnum:94311}} ||588 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ungava Bay]] |{{refn|name=Koksoak|group=n|Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]; Source or headwater: Koksoak (main stem 137 km)–'''[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]''' (length 737 km, drainage area 48,959 km², average discharge 882 m³/s) → Total length 874 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA209|| |[[Tarauacá River|'''Tarauaçá''']] || {{formatnum:1573}}|| {{formatnum:54879}}|| 906|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Juruá ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS210 ||'''[[Kampar River|Kampar]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1570}} ||{{formatnum:24548}} ||580 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Strait of Malacca]] ||<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia">{{cite web |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/632681956/048026184e4466e2f517e3c5106989c9-pdf |title=Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2015_Pola%20PSDA%20Kampar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2015}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU211 ||'''[[Po (river)|Po]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1560}} ||{{formatnum:71057}} ||652 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Adriatic Sea]] ||<ref name="Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy)">{{cite journal |last1=Anna |first1=Gavioli |last2=Giuseppe |first2=Castaldelli |last3=Stefania |first3=Trasforini |last4=Cesare |first4=Puzzi |last5=Maria |first5=Pia Gervasio |last6=Tommaso |first6=Granata |last7=Daniela |first7=Colombo |last8=Elisa |first8=Soana |date=2024 |title=Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy) |journal=Environments |volume=11|issue=10 |page=226 |doi=10.3390/environments11100226 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Envi...11..226G }}</ref><ref name="The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios">{{cite journal |last1=Mauro |first1=Marini |last2=Federica |first2=Grilli |date=2023 |title=The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373155319 |journal=Applied Sciences |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=9267 |doi=10.3390/app13169267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA212|| |[[Dos Marmelos River|'''Dos Marmelos''']]|| {{formatnum:1557}}|| {{formatnum:27572}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS213 | |[[Bei River|'''Bei''']]|| {{formatnum:1543}}|| {{formatnum:47249}}|| 633|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pearl River]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA214 ||'''[[Guamá River|Guamá]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1542}} ||{{formatnum:49846}} ||{{formatnum:903}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guajará Bay]] |{{refn|name=Guamá|group=n|Average dischsrge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Guamá (main stem 83 km)–'''[[Capim River|Capim]]''' (main stem 639 km, drainage area 36,669 km², average discharge 777 m³/s)–[[Ararandeua River|Ararandeua]] (181 km, 10,834 km², 194 m³/s) → Total length 903 km;}}{{refn|name=Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin|group=n|Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin; Drainage area 87,390 km², average discharge 2,730 m³/s (period 1971 to 2006);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS215 ||'''[[Sittaung River|Sittaung]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1540}} ||{{formatnum:34265}} ||421 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Martaban]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA216|| |[[Paute River|'''Santiago''']]|| {{formatnum:1533}}|| {{formatnum:33098}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS217 ||'''[[Tigris]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1527}} ||{{formatnum:221327}} ||{{formatnum:1862}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Shatt al-Arab]] ||{{refn|name=Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin|group=n|Average discharge at Shatt al-Arab Delta 105.7 km³/year (1977–2018); Tigris–Euphrates drainage area 1,140,000 km²;}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Tigris–Euphrates |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tigris-euphrates?catid=359&Itemid=689|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|page=360-375|date=2019|issue=4 |article-number=106049 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU218|| |[[Usa (Pechora)|'''Usa''']] || {{formatnum:1514}}|| {{formatnum:91135}}|| 565|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Pechora||<ref name="Northern Europe" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS219 ||'''[[Karnaphuli]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1510}} ||{{formatnum:13965}} ||270 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |<ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast" /><ref name="Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh">{{cite report|url=https://www.academia.edu/127653621 |title=Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh|last=Arghya|first=Protik Chowdhury|publisher=Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)|page=17|date=2025|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA220|| |[[Vichada River|'''Vichada''']]|| {{formatnum:1502}}|| {{formatnum:27624}}|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA221 | |[[Unini River|'''Unini''']]|| {{formatnum:1501}}|| {{formatnum:27433}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA222 ||'''[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1485}} ||{{formatnum:56895}} ||{{formatnum:759}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] |{{refn|Length: Grijalva–Mezcalapa–[[Cuilco River|Cuilco]] 759 km; Average discharge, 1971–2000;|name=Grijalva|group=n}}{{r|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta" /><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS223|| |[[Liu River|'''Liu''']]|| {{formatnum:1472}}|| {{formatnum:58270}}|| 571|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Qian River|Qian]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA224 ||'''[[Papaloapan River|Papaloapan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1461}} ||{{formatnum:39885}} ||{{formatnum:354}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" | Gulf of Mexico ||<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /><ref name="Papaloapan–Jamapa">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papaloapan–Jamapa |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papaloapan-jamapa?catid=255&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA225 ||'''[[Patía River|Patía]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1453}} ||{{formatnum:23995}} ||430 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA226|| |[[Arkansas River|'''Arkansas''']]|| {{formatnum:1448}}|| {{formatnum:409027}}|| {{formatnum:2364}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA227 ||'''[[Susitna River|Susitna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1442}} ||{{formatnum:49470}} ||504 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Cook Inlet]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA228 ||'''[[Moose River (Ontario)|Moose]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1440}} ||{{formatnum:114729}} ||543 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC229 ||'''[[Bamu River|Bamu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1437}} ||{{formatnum:19346}} ||390 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS230 ||'''[[Qiantang River|Qiantang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1436}} ||{{formatnum:54349}} ||494 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |East China Sea |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="China Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Chine Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/china-coast?catid=225&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA231||'''[[Albany River|Albany]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1420}} ||{{formatnum:132800}} ||832 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS232|| |[[Black River (Asia)|'''Black River''']]|| {{formatnum:1419}}|| {{formatnum:57947}}|| 910|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS233 | '''[[Mendawai River|Katingan]]''' | | {{formatnum:1414}} | {{formatnum:19559}} | 616 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]] |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/globalmercuryproject.org/documents/non_country%20specific/Sat%20Imagery%20AGL%20Final%20Report.pdf|date=2007|last1=Kevin|first1=Telmer|last2=Daniel|first2=Stapper|publisher=University of Victoria|title=Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF234 ||'''[[Betsiboka River|Betsiboka]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1407}} ||{{formatnum:61893}} ||531 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Madagascar |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/madagascar?catid=322&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA235|| |[[Mazaruni River|'''Mazaruni''']]|| {{formatnum:1399}}|| {{formatnum:31705}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Cuyuní River|Cuyuní]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA236 | |[[Jamari River|'''Jamari''']]|| {{formatnum:1391}}|| {{formatnum:39977}}|| 478|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA237 | |[[Coari River|'''Coari''']]|| {{formatnum:1389}}|| {{formatnum:35588}}|| 599|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA238 ||'''[[Thelon River|Thelon]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1370}} ||{{formatnum:238839}} ||904 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Chesterfield Inlet]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA239|| |[[Demini River|'''Demini''']]|| {{formatnum:1358}}|| {{formatnum:39770}}|| 618|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS240 ||'''[[Narmada River|Narmada]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1350}} ||{{formatnum:95818}} ||{{formatnum:1289}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Khambhat]] |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS241 ||'''[[Indragiri River|Indragiri]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1339}} ||{{formatnum:22758}} ||500 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA242|| |'''[[Jauaperi River|Jauaperi]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:39824}}|| 592|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS243 | |'''[[Dibang River|Dibang]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:12503}}|| 324|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA244 | |[[Arinos River|'''Arinos''']] || {{formatnum:1332}}|| {{formatnum:58734}}|| 654|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Juruena River|Juruena]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU245 | |[[Oka (river)|'''Oka''']]|| {{formatnum:1327}}|| {{formatnum:244308}}|| {{formatnum:1520}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |Volga ||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS246 | |[[Huai River|'''Huai''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:172079}}|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF247 | |[[Mbomou River|'''Mbomou''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:168608}}|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF248 ||'''[[Tsiribihina River|Tsiribihina]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1316}} ||{{formatnum:49467}} ||430 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA249|| |[[Inambari River|'''Inambari''']]|| {{formatnum:1316}}|| {{formatnum:20160}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS250 | |[[Pranahita River|'''Pranahita''']]|| {{formatnum:1301}}|| {{formatnum:108513}}|| 682|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Godavari River|Godavari]]||<ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA251 | |[[Badajós River|'''Badajós''']] || {{formatnum:1300}}|| {{formatnum:21575}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS252 ||'''[[Pahang River|Pahang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1299}} ||{{formatnum:33924}} ||489 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS253|| |'''[[Uchur]]'''|| {{formatnum:1293}}|| {{formatnum:113000}}|| 812|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF254 ||'''[[Volta River|Volta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1290}} ||{{formatnum:412735}} ||{{formatnum:1600}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Africa - West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA255 | |[[Takutu River|'''Takutu''']]|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| {{formatnum:42528}}|| 371|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Branco River|Rio Branco]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS256 ||'''[[Sesayap River|Sesayap]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1275}} ||{{formatnum:18158}} ||279 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Celebes Sea |<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2022_Rencana%20PSDA%20WS%20Sesayap.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap|date=2022|website=www.sda.pu.go.id}}</ref><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA257 ||'''[[Oyapock]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1273}} ||{{formatnum:30869}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA258 | |[[Tanana River|'''Tanana''']] || {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:113959}}|| {{formatnum:1061}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yukon River|Yukon]]||<ref name="Yukon" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA259|| |[[Ituxi River|'''Ituxi''']]|| {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:43676}}|| 878|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Purus ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS260 | |[[Sone River|'''Son''']]|| {{formatnum:1245}}|| {{formatnum:70228}}|| 784|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS261 | |[[Kabul River|'''Kabul''']]|| {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:92572}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Indus ||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS262 | |[[Melawi River|'''Melawi''']] || {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:22586}}|| 471|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]||<ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA263 ||'''[[Doce River|Doce]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1241}} ||{{formatnum:90357}} ||977 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA264|| |[[Tambopata River|'''Tambopata''']]|| {{formatnum:1241}}|| {{formatnum:15540}}|| 390|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madre de Dios ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA265 | |'''[[Siapa River|Siapa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1238}}|| {{formatnum:22170}}|| 438|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Casiquiare canal|Casiquiare]]||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF266 | |[[Kwilu River|'''Kwilu''']]|| {{formatnum:1229}}|| {{formatnum:94663}}|| {{formatnum:1230}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kwango River|Kwango]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA267 | |[[Marié River|'''Marié''']]|| {{formatnum:1227}}|| {{formatnum:25266}}|| 800|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS268 | |[[Kheta (river)|'''Kheta''']] || {{formatnum:1223}}|| {{formatnum:100000}}|| 604|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS269 ||'''[[Taymyra]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1220}} ||{{formatnum:124000}} ||840 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Kara Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA270|| |[[Jari River|'''Jari''']] || {{formatnum:1214}}|| {{formatnum:51893}}|| 877|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS271 ||'''[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1210}} ||{{formatnum:212044}} ||{{formatnum:2292}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA272 ||'''[[Nottaway River|Nottaway]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1208}} ||{{formatnum:74326}} ||776 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF273 ||'''[[Chari River|Chari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1200}} ||{{formatnum:880000}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Lake Chad]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF274|| |[[Lindi River|'''Lindi''']]|| {{formatnum:1200}}|| {{formatnum:59568}}|| 797|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA275 ||'''[[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1199}} ||{{formatnum:72147}} ||715 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Chesapeake Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Mid Atlantic">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Mid Atlantic |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mid-atlantic?catid=309&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA276|| |[[Casanare River|'''Casanare''']]|| {{formatnum:1199}}|| {{formatnum:24013}}|| 415|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Meta River|Meta]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA277 | |'''[[Rivière des Rochers]]'''–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]'''|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:292497}}|| {{formatnum:1608}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Slave River|Slave]]||{{refn|name=Rivière des Rochers–Athabasca|group=n|Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Rivière des Rochers (main stem 48 km)–[[Lake Athabasca]] (Athabasca inflow–Rivière des Rochers outflow 22 km)–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]''' (length 1,538 km, drainage area 160,705 km², average discharge 784 m³/s) → Total length 1,608 km;}}<ref name="Mackenzie" /><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA278 | |[[Paranapanema River|'''Paranapanema''']]|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:101739}}|| 829|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA279|| |'''[[Isiboro River|Isiboro]]'''|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| {{formatnum:21117}}|| 505|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mamoré ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF280 ||'''[[Cavalla River|Cavally]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1192}} ||{{formatnum:30665}} ||844 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA281|| |'''[[Tefé River|Tefé]]''' || {{formatnum:1190}}|| {{formatnum:24269}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA282 ||'''[[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1189}} ||{{formatnum:54986}} ||673 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bay of Fundy]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS283|| |[[Maya (Aldan)|'''Maya''']] || {{formatnum:1188}}|| {{formatnum:171000}}|| {{formatnum:1053}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA284 ||'''[[São Gonçalo Channel]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1186}} ||{{formatnum:62250}} ||77 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Lagoa dos Patos |<ref name="Atlantic East Coastal" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS285 ||'''[[Kahayan River|Kahayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1178}} ||{{formatnum:16063}} ||658 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA286|| |[[Tomo River|'''Tomo''']] || {{formatnum:1169}}|| {{formatnum:20156}}|| 830|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC287 ||'''[[Ramu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1164}} ||{{formatnum:17823}} ||640 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bismarck Sea |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA288 ||'''[[Coatzacoalcos River|Coatzacoalcos]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1163}} ||{{formatnum:23956}} ||325 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico |<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA289 | |[[Curuçá River (Javari River tributary)|'''Curuçá''']]|| {{formatnum:1157}}|| {{formatnum:25549}}|| 766|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Javary ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS290 ||'''[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1141}} ||{{formatnum:111351}} ||{{formatnum:1024}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF291 || |[[Lomela River|'''Lomela''']]|| {{formatnum:1139}}|| {{formatnum:39655}}|| {{formatnum:881}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Busira River|Busira]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF292 ||'''[[Saint Paul River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1125}} ||{{formatnum:20317}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF293 ||'''[[Rufiji River|Rufiji]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1115}} ||{{formatnum:204639}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indian Ocean]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Central East Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Central East Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA294|| |[[Ibicuí River|'''Ibicuí''']]|| {{formatnum:1113}}|| {{formatnum:47203}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU295 ||'''[[Vistula]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1112}} ||{{formatnum:194424}} ||{{formatnum:1047}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gdańsk Bay]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF296|| |[[Ivindo River|'''Ivindo''']]|| {{formatnum:1112}}|| {{formatnum:63201}}|| 686|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS297 | |[[Tom (river)|'''Tom''']]|| {{formatnum:1110}}|| {{formatnum:59858}}|| 827|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Ob ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA298 | |[[Morona River|'''Morona''']]|| {{formatnum:1107}}|| {{formatnum:16962}}|| 785|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF299 ||'''[[Kouilou-Niari River|Kouilou]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:61707}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS300 ||'''[[Rokan River|Rokan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:20189}} ||447 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA301 ||'''[[Baker River (Chile)|Baker]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:26816}} ||182 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia">{{cite journal |last1=Alejandro |first1=Dussaillant-Jones |last2=Wouter |first2=Buytaert |last3=Claudio |first3=I. Meier |last4=Fabián |first4=Espinoza |date=2012 |title=Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |volume=57 |issue=8 |page=1530-1541 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2012.726993 |bibcode=2012HydSJ..57.1530D }}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA302|| |[[Willamette River|'''Willamette''']]|| {{formatnum:1099}}|| {{formatnum:28949}}|| 301|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Columbia ||<ref name="Columbia River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA303 | |[[Nhamundá River|'''Nhamundá''']]|| {{formatnum:1094}}|| {{formatnum:28609}}|| 617|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS304 ||'''[[Yana (river)|Yana]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1090}} ||{{formatnum:235457}} ||{{formatnum:1490}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF305 ||'''[[Benin River|Benin]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1084}} ||{{formatnum:49256}} ||300 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Benin]] |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA306|| |[[Ouachita River|'''Ouachita''']]|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| {{formatnum:62850}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Red River of the South|Red River]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS307 ||'''[[Chao Phraya River|Chao Phraya]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1077}} ||{{formatnum:188419}} ||{{formatnum:1207}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Thailand]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS308 | |[[Sekong river|'''Sekong''']]|| {{formatnum:1077}}|| {{formatnum:28792}}|| {{formatnum:480}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Srepok River|Srepok]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA309 | |'''[[Nanay River|Nanay]]'''|| {{formatnum:1073}}|| {{formatnum:16673}}|| 511|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS310 ||'''[[Seruyan River|Seruyan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1067}} ||{{formatnum:13329}} ||395 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS311 ||'''[[Sampit River|Sampit]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1064}} ||{{formatnum:14745}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU312 ||'''[[Don (river)|Don]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:458694}} ||{{formatnum:1950}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Sea of Azov]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF313 ||'''[[Sofia River|Sofia]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:29267}} ||328 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS314|| |[[Dong River (China)|'''Dong''']]|| {{formatnum:1056}}|| {{formatnum:33567}}|| 523|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pearl River ||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS315 | |[[Lô River|'''Lô''']]|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| {{formatnum:34809}}|| 470|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Red River ||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF316 | |'''[[Likouala-Mossaka]]'''|| {{formatnum:1054}}|| {{formatnum:71886}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA317 | |[[Tombigbee River|'''Tombigbee''']]|| {{formatnum:1052}}|| {{formatnum:52029}}|| 480|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mobile River|Mobile]]||<ref name="South Atlantic Gulf" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA318 | |[[Aguaytía River|'''Aguaytía''']]|| {{formatnum:1051}}|| {{formatnum:11353}}|| 374|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS319 ||'''[[Kamchatka (river)|Kamchatka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1049}} ||{{formatnum:54104}} ||758 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF320|| |[[Momboyo River|'''Momboyo''']]|| {{formatnum:1045}}|| {{formatnum:44211}}|| {{formatnum:827}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ruki River|Ruki]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF321 ||'''[[Moa River|Moa]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1044}} ||{{formatnum:19560}} ||475 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU322|| |[[Belaya (Kama)|'''Belaya''']]|| {{formatnum:1042}}|| {{formatnum:141609}}|| {{formatnum:1430}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Kama (river)|Kama]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS323 | |[[Trishuli River|'''Trishuli''']]|| {{formatnum:1032}}|| {{formatnum:19918}}|| 362|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gandaki River|Narayani]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA324 | |[[Erebato River|'''Erebato''']]|| {{formatnum:1030}}|| {{formatnum:11074}}|| {{formatnum:195}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|Caura]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación" /><ref name="Scientia Guaianae" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA325 | |[[White River (Arkansas–Missouri)|'''White River''']]|| {{formatnum:1028}}|| {{formatnum:71743}}|| {{formatnum:1162}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS326 ||'''[[Euphrates]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1027}} ||{{formatnum:765831}} ||{{formatnum:3000}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Shatt al-Arab ||{{refn|name=Euphrates|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point (32.4 km³/year, 1977–2018). The Euphrates River drainage basin, including the surrounding desert and semi-desert areas (such as the [[Syrian desert]] and parts of the [[Arabian Desert]] regions), covers approximately 765,831 km²; Source or headwater: Euphrates (main stem 2,278 km)–'''[[Murat River|Murat]]''' (length 722 km, drainage area 44,851 km², average discharge 404 m³/s) → Total length 3,000 km;}}{{r|group=n|Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates" /><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA327|| |[[Pacajá River|'''Pacajá''']]|| {{formatnum:1025}}|| {{formatnum:26438}}|| 634|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Anapu River|Anapu]]||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA328 ||'''[[Coco River|Coco]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1024}} ||{{formatnum:26952}} ||841 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA329 ||'''[[Catatumbo River|Catatumbo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:22317}} ||338 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lake Maracaibo]] |<ref name="La geografía del agua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA330 ||'''[[Baudó River|Baudó]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:5964}} ||316 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA331 ||'''[[Manicouagan River|Manicouagan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1020}} ||{{formatnum:45908}} ||{{formatnum:221}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Estuary of St. Lawrence |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS332|| |[[Shweli River|'''Shweli''']]|| {{formatnum:1020}}|| {{formatnum:22908}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU333|| |'''[[Northern Dvina|Little Northern Dvina]]'''|| {{formatnum:1018}}|| {{formatnum:85822}}|| {{formatnum:648}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Northern Dvina]]||{{refn|name=Little Northern Dvina|group=n|Northern Dvina above [[Vychegda]]; Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Little Northern Dvina (main stem 74 km)–'''[[Yug]]''' (length 574 km, drainage area 36,204 km², average discharge 516 m³/s) → Total length 648 km;}}<ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="About the Northern Dvina River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF334 | |'''Upper Zambezi'''|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:170010}}|| {{formatnum:690}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Zambezi]]||<ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis" /><ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS335 | |[[Mun River|'''Mun''']]|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:119868}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA336 ||'''[[Esmeraldas River|Esmeraldas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1011}} ||{{formatnum:19796}} ||210 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA337 ||'''[[Biobío River|Biobío]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1008}} ||{{formatnum:24264}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA338|| |[[Wabash River|'''Wabash''']]|| {{formatnum:1007}}|| {{formatnum:85177}}|| 810|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Ohio" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF339 | |[[Ngounié River|'''Ngounié''']]|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| {{formatnum:32637}}|| 680|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué ||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA340 ||'''[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:344112}} ||{{formatnum:1344}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA341 ||'''[[Nushagak River|Nushagak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:35396}} ||497 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bering Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Hilinga man == * [[Lista kan mga salog sa laba]] * [[Lista kan mga salo pagwawa|Lista kan mga watershed]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa E.U. uyon sa kusog nin pagdalihig]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa Indya sa pagbulos]] [[Kategorya:Mga salog]] ifwnau2xvxff3p58w9y6bwz2kzcbnuw 311133 311132 2026-10-01T07:16:14Z River.discharge 32199 /* */ 311133 wikitext text/x-wiki Lista ini kan mga salog susog sa saindang rikas nin pagdalihig. Idto sanang mga salog na may pagbulos dai mababa sa 1,000 metro kubiko por segundo an mga nakaag sa listahan. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="6" align="center"|[[Continent]] color key |- |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|[[Africa]] |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia]] |bgcolor="#CCFF66"|[[Oceania]] |bgcolor="#FFCCFF"|[[Europe]] |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America]] |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="5" align="center"|[[Ocean]] color key |- |bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Atlantic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Pacific Ocean]] |bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Indian Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Arctic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF8DC"|[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic]] |} {| class="sortable col1right col4right col5right col6right" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#ffffff;font-size:90%;" |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align:center;font-size:105%;" ! rowspan="2" | No ! colspan="2" | River name ! rowspan="2" | Average<br />discharge<br />(m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Drainage<br />area<br />(km²) ! rowspan="2" | Length<br />(km)<br /> ! rowspan="2" | Outflow ! rowspan="2" | Notes, references |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align: center;font-size:105%;" !Primary !Tributary |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America|SA]]1|| '''[[Amazon River|Amazon]]''' ||| {{formatnum:209000}}|| {{formatnum:6020438}} || {{formatnum:6575}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Amazon|group=n|The Amazon is the '''largest river in the world by discharge'''. Average discharge at near mouth 209,000 m³/s (period 1973 to 1990); [[River source|Source or headwater]]: Amazon and [[Solimões River|Solimões]] ([[Main stem|main stem]] 3,837 km)–'''[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]''' (main stem 1,668 km; drainage area 352,304 km²; average discharge at [[Requena, Loreto|Requena]] 12,200 m³/s, and 12,600 m³/s at near mouth, 1981–2020)–'''[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]''' (main stem 158 km; 131,726 km²; 2,892 m³/s)– '''[[Ene River|Ené]]''' (main stem 181 km; 108,767 km²; 2,046 m³/s)–'''[[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]''' (main stem 666 km; 64,734 km²; 1,050 m³/s)–Hornillos (65 km) → Total length 6,575 km (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]); The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazon branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The Rio Pará estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. If Amazon with Rio Pará considered as a water system, the catchment area is 6,925,674 km² (according to ''ANA''), the total discharge averages at [[Amazon Delta]] 223,700 m³/s (or 220,800 m³/s for the period 1973–1990, according to ''HyBAM'').}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien">{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=Hydrologie du bassin amazonien|date=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale |publisher=Belin }}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras">{{cite report|url=https://www.snirh.gov.br/portal/snirh/centrais-de-conteudos/conjuntura-dos-recursos-hidricos/regioeshidrograficas2014.pdf|title=Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras|docket=Edição Especial|author=Agéncia Nacional de Águas (ANA)|publisher=Superintendência de Planegiamento de Recursos Hídricos (SPR)|page=163|isbn=978-85-8210-027-1|date=2015|website=www.snirh.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}</ref><ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=43&catid=191&Itemid=179|title=Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America">{{cite journal|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|doi=10.1029/GB003i003p00241|url=https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241|last1=Charles J.|first1=Vörösmarty|last2=Berrien|first2=Moore III|last3=Annette L.|first3=Grace|last4=M. Patricia|first4=Gildea|last5=Jerry M.|first5=Melille|last6=Bruce|first6=Peterson|last7=Edward|first7=B. Rastetter|last8=Paul|first8=A. Steudler|title=Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America|date=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=241–265|bibcode=1989GBioC...3..241V |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2007">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Avijit|title=Large rivers: geomorphology and management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC&pg=PA31|accessdate=18 April 2011|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-84987-3|page=31}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538940902746082|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|last1=S.|first1=Liu|last2=P.|first2=Lu|last3=D.|first3= Liu|last4=P.|first4=Jin|last5=W.|first5=Wang|page=80-87|volume=2|issue=1|date=2009 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.ufpa.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/d60fc02c-cfb2-43ca-82e8-a1c8b040224c/content|title=Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte|last=Ishihara|first=Júnior Hiroyuki|publisher=Dados Internacionais de Catalogação de publicação (CIP), Biblioteca do NAEA/UFPA|location=Belém (Pará, Brazil)|date=2015|page=246|website=repositorio.ufpa.br}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |[[Africa|AF]]2|| '''[[Congo River|Congo]]''' | || {{formatnum:41400}}|| {{formatnum:3712316}}|| {{formatnum:5118}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Congo (Zaire)|group=n|Average discharge at [[Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Banana]] (near mouth) 1,308 km³/year, at [[Kinshasa]] and [[Brazzaville]] 40,500 m³/s (1902–2021). The Congo is the '''second or third largest river in the world by discharge'''. Source or headwaters: Congo (main stem 2,300 km)–'''[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]''' (above [[Boyoma Falls]] at [[Kisangani]]–Luvua River mouth main stem 978 km – total length 2,074 km, drainage area 969,518 km², average discharge 7,640 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa">{{cite journal|journal=Water|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2613|title=Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa|last1=Laraque|first1=Alain|last2=Moukandi N'kaya|first2=Guy D.|page=36|year=2020|volume=12|issue=9|doi=10.3390/w12092613|bibcode=2020Water..12.2613L|doi-access=free}}</ref>–'''[[Luvua River|Luvua]]''' (main stem 388 km, 263,090 km², 644 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Mweru]] (Luapula inflow–Luvua outflow 116 km)–'''[[Luapula River|Luapula]]''' (main stem 555 km – total length 918 km, 173,709 km², 754 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Bangweulu]] and [[Bangweulu Wetlands]] (Chambeshi inflow–Luapula outflow 110 km)–'''[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]''' (671 km, 60,425 km², 447 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/> → Total length 5,118 km;}}<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|date=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}</ref><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3|number=6|pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D}}</ref><ref name="Congo River">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/congo?catid=215&Itemid=0 |title=Congo River |last=Eric |first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrology|url=http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf|title=Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries|last1=Pavla|first1=Pekárová|last2=Pavol|first2=Miklánek|last3=Ján|first3=Pekár|page=62-79|date=2003 |volume=274 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00397-9 |bibcode=2003JHyd..274...62P }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA3|| '''[[Orinoco]]''' | || {{formatnum:39000}}|| {{formatnum:1014797}}|| {{formatnum:3010}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Orinoco|group=n|Average discharge at [[Orinoco Delta]], 1983–2020; The Orinoco is the '''third or fourth largest river in the world by discharge'''; Source or headwater: Orinoco (lower and middle Orinoco main stem 1,250 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 2,140 km;)–'''[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]''' (main stem 1,220 km, drainage area 151,607 km², average discharge 7,529 m³/s – period 1926 to 2011)–'''[[Guayabero River|Guayabero]]''' (540 km, 24,346 km²; 986 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref> → Total length 3,010 km;}}<ref name="XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos">{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|date=2022}}</ref><ref name="La geografía del agua">{{cite book|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael |first1=Córdova |last2=Marcelo González |first2=Sanabria|last3=Arnoldo|first3=José Gabaldón|publisher=Fundación Empresas Polar|date=2015|isbn=978-980-379-354-8|page=103-140}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/orinoco?catid=10&Itemid=0|title=Orinoco|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia|AS]]4||'''[[Yangtze]]''' | || {{formatnum:31900}}|| {{formatnum:1949515}}||{{formatnum:6236}}||bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[East China Sea]]||{{refn|name=Yangtze|group=n|Average discharge at [[Yangtze Delta]] 995.8 km³/year, period 1955–2021; Source or headwater: Yangtze (main stem 2,767 km)–'''[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]''' (main stem 2,290 km; drainage area 471,454 km²; average discharge 5,069 m³/s)–'''[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]''' (main stem 813 km; 139,955 km²; 427 m³/s)–[[Dangqu River|Dangqu]] (366 km; 31,254 km²; 196 m³/s) → Total length 6,236 km;}}<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=222&catid=373&Itemid=179|title=Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA5|| |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|'''Rio Negro''']] || {{formatnum:30641}} || {{formatnum:765335}} || {{formatnum:2362}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]||{{refn|name=Rio Negro|group=n|Average discharge at [[Manaus]] 30,641 m³/s, 1979–2015 (28,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwaters: Rio Negro (main stem 1,700 km)–'''[[Guanía River|Guainía]]''' (length 662 km, drainage area 31,284 km², average discharge 2,433 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010"/> → Total length 2,362 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM">{{cite report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650if_/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM|work=Relatório Técnico RT 03–Diagnóstico, prognóstico e cenários futuros dos recursos hídricos do estado–Tomo II|last=Adejalmo|first=Figueiredo Gazen|publisher=Governo do Estado do Amazonas, Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente (SEMA)|date=2019}}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin">{{cite journal|title=Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin|last1=Emilio|first1=Mayorga|last2=Miles G.|first2=Longsdon|last3=Maria Victoria|first3=R. Ballester|last4=Jeffrey E.|first4=Richey|journal=Journal of Hydrology |year=2005|volume=315 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–182 |doi=10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2005.03.023|s2cid=8107631 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA6 | |[[Madeira River|'''Madeira''']] || {{formatnum:30173}}|| {{formatnum:1322782}}|| {{formatnum:3518}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Madeira|group=n|Average discharge 30,173 m³/s, 1979–2015 (31,200 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Madeira (main stem 1,450 km)–'''[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]''' (main stem 1,042 km – total length 1,298 km, drainage area 633,613 km²; average discharge 7,743 m³/s)–'''[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Río Grande o Guapay]]''' (820 km; 106,396 km²; 727 m³/s)–[[Caine River|Caine]] (119 km)–[[Rocha River|Rocha]] (69 km)–Mailanco (18 km) → Total length 3,518 km; The Madeira is thus one of the '''three longest tributaries in the world''', along with the [[Irtysh]] and the [[Missouri River|Missouri]]. The confluence of the '''Madeira''' River estuary with the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] is a complex process. The Amazon River acts as a dam, carrying four times as much water despite its almost flat fall. Furthermore, the Madeira River has a significant [[sediment load]] (450×10⁶ ton/year). This is the same as the Amazon River, despite its lower volumetric flow, and is deposited where the current slows down. The Madeira River estuary is therefore a type of [[Estuary|delta]] that extends for more than 300 km along the southern coast of the Amazon. A western branch, the ''Parana Madeirinha'', branches off the main riverbed 200 km upstream of the estuary. This branch is fed by a major tributary, the [[Igapó-Açu River|Igapó-Açu]]. It flows into the Amazon River 12 km upstream of the main riverbed of the Madeira River. A 450 km long eastern branch, the ''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'' (also known as the ''Paraná do Ramos''), branches off from the main river 100 km from the mouth and flows eastward parallel to the Amazon River. This branch isolates the large [[Tupinambarana]] island (area 11,850 km²), which is actually made up of four swampy islands surrounded by the river to the south and by branches of the Amazon to the north. It is fed by several tributaries: the [[Canumã River|Canumã]], the [[Abacaxis River|Abacaxis]], the [[Maués Açu River|Maués Açu]] and the [[Mamuru River|Mamuru]] Rivers. The Paraná do Urariá (or Paraná do Ramos) joins the Amazon near the city of [[Parintins]], 310 km downstream from the mouth of the main river Madeira. If these two branches and the tributaries that flow into them are added to the Madeira River, the total [[Drainage basin|drainage area]] 1,496,852 km², and the average [[Discharge regime|discharge]] exceeds 35,000 m³/s. This makes the Madeira the most abundant of the tributaries, surpassing major rivers such as the [[Yangtze]] (and only slightly behind the discharge of the [[Orinoco]] River), and the '''fifth largest river in the world''' in terms of discharge.}}<ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/medio-ambiente/recursos-hidricos-cuadros-estadisticos|title=Recursos Hídricos - INE|website=www.ine.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)">{{cite web|url= https://datos.siarh.gob.bo/biblioteca/406|title=Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)|website=datos.siarh.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia">{{cite report |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers10-12/010020120.pdf |title=Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia |last1=Michel-Alain |first1=Roche |last2=Carlos |first2=Fernandez Jauregui |last3=Angel |first3=Aliaga Rivera |last4=Jorge |first4=Peña Mendez |last5=Edgar |first5=Salas Rada |last6=José Luis |first6=Montaño Vargas |publisher=UNESCO, ORSTOM, ORCYT |location=La Paz (Bolívia), Montevideo (Uruguay) |isbn=92-9089-029-0 |date=1992}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS7|| [[Brahmaputra River|'''Brahmaputra''']] | ||27,000 || 641,964|| {{formatnum:3848}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Padma River|Padma]], [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]], [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{refn|name=Brahmaputra|group=n|Entire Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra and Upper Meghna Basin; Average discharge 850 km³/year (Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra 700 km³/year, Upper Meghna 150 km³/year – period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: Lower Meghna (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Jamuna (main stem 337 km)–Brahmaputra (main stem 738 km)–'''Siang or Dihang''' (main stem 294 km; drainage area 256,374 km²; average discharge 5,037 m³/s)–'''[[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Yarlung Tsangpo]]''' (main stem 2,229 km; 241,691 km²; 2,899 m³/s) → Total length 3,848 km;<ref name="The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau">{{cite journal|journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260524184_The_impact_of_climate_change_on_runoff_in_the_Yarlung_Tsangpo_River_basin_in_the_Tibetan_Plateau|title=The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau|last1=Li|first1=Fapeng|last2=Xu|first2=Zongxue|last3=Liu|first3=Wenfeng|last4=Zhang|first4=Yongqiang|doi=10.1007/s00477-013-0769-z|volume=28|pages=517–526|date=2014}}</ref>}}{{refn|name=Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin|group=n|The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna is the '''second largest river in the world by discharge'''. Between 1990 and 2020, about 1,350 km³/year (period from 1921 to 1985: 43,704 m³/s) of freshwater flowed into the [[Bay of Bengal]] through the [[Ganges Delta]]. This includes the amount of water diverted from the Ganges at [[Farakka Barrage]] and flowing out through the mouth of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. This combined river (total drainage area 1,731,334 km²) system delivers '''the largest amount of sediment in the world''' to the Bay of Bengal. Sediment load to some estimates, 1,840–2,177 million tons per year.<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR" />}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020|last1=Hanquan|first1=Yang|last2=Tianshen|first2=Mei|last3=Xiaoyan|first3=Chen|volume=16|number=2|doi=10.3390/rs16020396|doi-access=free|date=2024 |page=396 |bibcode=2024RemS...16..396Y }}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ganga-ganges-brahmaputra?catid=219&Itemid=0|title=Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios">{{cite journal|journal=Environmental Research Letters|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac8ca1|last1=Anne|first1=Gädeke|last2=Michel|first2=Wortmann|last3=Christoph|first3=Menz|last4=Saiful|first4=Islam|last5=Muhammad|first5=Masood|last6=Valentina|first6=Krysanova|last7=Stefan|first7=Lange|last8=Fred|first8=Fokko Hattermann|title=Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios|date=2022|volume=17|number=9|bibcode=2022ERL....17i4036G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|doi=10.3390/rs11050501|last1=Biswa|first1=Bhattacharya|last2=Maurizio|first2=Mazzoleni|last3=Reyne|first3=Ugay|title=Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products|date=2019|volume=11|issue=5|page=501 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019RemS...11..501B }}</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |url-access=subscription|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.001|title=Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers|last1=Xiang|first1=Huang|last2=Mika|first2=Sillanpää|last3=Egil|first3=T. Gjessing|last4=Rolf|first4=D. Vogt|publisher=ELSEVIER|location=Oslo (Norway), Lhasa (China), Mikkeli (Finland)|url=https://www.academia.edu/14442737|volume=407|issue=24|pages=6242–6254|issn=0048-9697|date=2009|journal=Science of the Total Environment |pmid=19783282 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.6242H }}</ref><ref name="The Restless River">{{cite report|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471631520173475/pdf/The-Restless-River-Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra-Jamuna.pdf|title=The Restless River|docket=Yarlung Tsangpo–Siang–Brahmaputra–Jamuna|last1=Ganesh|first1=Pangare|last2=Bushra|first2=Nishat|last3=Xiawei|first3=Liao|last4=Halla|first4=Maher Qaddumi|publisher=World Bank Group, United Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|location=Washington (United States)|page=428|date=2021|website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America|NA]]8||'''[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]''' | || {{formatnum:21300}} ||{{formatnum:3265753}}|| {{formatnum:6084}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Mexico]]||{{refn|name=Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi with [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]; Average discharge at [[Mississippi Delta]] 673 km³/year (Mississippi 474, Atchafalaya 199 km³/year), 1981–2021; Source or headwater: Mississippi (lower and middle Mississippi main stem 1,954 km)–'''[[Missouri River|Missouri]]''' (main stem 3,726 km, drainage area 1,376,180 km², average discharge 2,778 m³/s)–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]] (134 km, 24,915 km², 69 m³/s)–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]] (111 km, 12,318 km², 41 m³/s)–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]] (113 km, 4,092 km², 16 m³/s)–[[Hell Roaring Creek]] (46 km, 441 km², 4 m³/s) → Total length 6,084 km;<ref name="Missouri">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/missouri?catid=320&Itemid=637|title=Missouri|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data">{{cite web |url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dvstat/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=07289000&amp;por_07289000_79165=1872479,00060,79165,2008-01-01,2022-09-29&amp;format=html_table&amp;stat_cds=mean_va&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |title=Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data |date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|doi-access=free|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|number=19|page=3044 |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}</ref><ref name="Lower Mississippi">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/lower-mississipi?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Lower Mississippi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)">{{cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/mississippiatchafalaya-river-basin-marb|title=The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)|date=March 24, 2015|website=epec.gov}}</ref><ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin">{{cite report|last1=Donald A.|first1=Goolsby|last2=William A.|first2=Battaglin|last3=Gregory B.|first3=Lawrence|last4=Richard S.|first4=Artz|last5=Brent T.|first5=Aulenbach|last6=Richard P.|first6=Hooper|last7=Dennis R.|first7=Keeney|last8=Gary J.|first8=Stensland|title=Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin|url=http://rcn.montana.edu/Resources/LRES555/Final_Exam/CENRreport.pdf|publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5164/|title=Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007|last1=William A.|first1=Battaglin|last2=Brent T.|first2=Aulenbach|last3=Aldo|first3=Vecchia|last4=Herbert T.|first4=Buxton|publisher=USGS}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS9||'''[[Yenisei]]''' | || {{formatnum:20200}}|| {{formatnum:2588752}}|| {{formatnum:5816}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Yenisei|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 637 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Yenisei (lower and middle main stem 2,249 km)–'''[[Angara]]''' (main stem 1,849 km; drainage area 1,069,040 km²; average discharge 4,530 to 5,250 m³/s)–[[Lake Baikal]] (Selenga inflow–Angara outflow 238 km)–'''[[Selenga]]''' (main stem 1,024 km; 447,060 km²; 964 m³/s)–[[Ider River|Ider]] (456 km; 24,555 km²; 65 m³/s) → Total length 5,816 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|doi-access=free|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917|pmid=34824255|pmc=8617260|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://arcticgreatrivers.org/rivers|title=Arctic Great Rivers Observatory|website=arcticgreatrivers.org}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=217&catid=367&Itemid=179|title=Siberian Basins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean">{{cite report|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/60722.pdf|title=A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean|last1=V. V.|first1=Gordeev|last2=J. M.|first2=Martin|last3=I. S.|first3=Sidorov|last4=M. V.|first4=Sidorova|publisher=American Journal of Science (AJS)|location=Moscow (Russia), Tiksi Sakha (Yakutiya, Russia), Ispra (Italy)|volume=296|pages=664–691|date=1996|website=www.ajsonline.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA10||[[Paraná River|'''Paraná''']] | || {{formatnum:19706}}|| {{formatnum:2630667}}|| {{formatnum:4352}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Río de la Plata]]||{{refn|name=Paraná|group=n|The average discharge of the Paraná River at the [[Paraná Delta]] (19,706 m³/s), covers a 40-year period (1971–2010); Drainage area 2,630,667 km²; Source or headwater: Paraná (main stem 2,897 km)–'''[[Rio Grande (Paraná River tributary)|Rio Grande]]''' (length 1,455 km; drainage area 143,656 km²; average discharge 2,435 m³/s) → Total length 4,352 km; The common estuary of the Paraná and [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] rivers is the [[Río de la Plata|La Plata]]. The La Plata is about 327 km total length (inner fluvial zone 225 km). Its drainage basin is 3,182,064 km² (basin size with endorheic area 4,144,000 km²). It is estimated that about 27,225 m³/s of freshwater flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the estuary (1971–2010). Some consider the La Plata to be a river, others a bay.}}<ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT">{{cite report|url=https://cicplata.org/es/documentos-principales|title=Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT|website=www.cicplata.org|author=Comité Intergubernamental Coordinator (CIC)|publisher=CIC, Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment (UN), Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Organización of American States (OAS)|location=Buenos Aires (Argentina), Piso (Paraguay)|isbn=978-987-4187-01-7|page=308|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata">{{cite report|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca2141en/CA2141EN.pdf|title=Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata|author=FAO AQUASTAT|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)|location=Rome (Italy)|page=18|date=2016|website=www.openknowledge.fao.org}}</ref><ref name="La Plata (Parana)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/la-plata-parana?catid=336&Itemid=0|title=La Plata (Parana)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS11|| '''[[Lena River|Lena]]''' | || {{formatnum:18300}}|| {{formatnum:2492004}} || {{formatnum:4692}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Laptev Sea]]||{{refn|name=Lena|group=n|Average discharge at Lena Delta 581 km³/year, period from 1984 to 2018; Source or headwaters: Lena (lower and middle Lena main stem 2,714 km)–'''[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]''' (main stem 1,837 km, drainage area 234,219 km², average discharge 2,379 m³/s)–Vitimkan (141 km) → Total length 4,692 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kalugin|first1=A. S.|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|journal=Water Resources|date=1 October 2018|volume=45|issue=1|pages=102–111|doi=10.1134/S0097807818050366|bibcode=2018WRes...45S.102K|s2cid=134779637}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA12|| |[[Japurá River|'''Japurá''']] || {{formatnum:18122}}|| {{formatnum:276812}}|| {{formatnum:2816}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA13 | |[[Marañón River|'''Marañón''']] || {{formatnum:17400}}|| {{formatnum:364873}}|| {{formatnum:1905}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Marañón|group=n|Average discharge at San Regis, 1981–2020 (16,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Hydrologic source of Amazon River (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]);}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability">{{cite journal|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|title=The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability|last1=Claire|first1=F. Beveridge|last2=Jhan-Carlo|first2=Espinoza|last3=Simone|first3=Athayde|last4=Sandra|first4=Bibiana Correa|last5=Thiago|first5=B. A. Couto|last6=Sebastian|first6=A. Heilpern|last7=Clinton|first7=N. Jenkins|last8=Natalia|first8=C. Piland|last9=Renata|first9=Utsunomiya|last10=Sly|first10=Wongchuig|last11=Elizabeth|first11=P. Anderson|doi=10.1073/pnas.2306229121|volume=121|date=2024|number=22 |article-number=e2306229121 |doi-access=free |pmid=38722826 |pmc=11145265 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12106229B }}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón">{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/36155977|title=Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón|last=José|first=Serra Vega|page=75|date=2017|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)">{{cite journal|url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12543/1063|title=Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)|journal=Autoridad Nacional del Agua|date=1980|hdl=20.500.12543/1063}}</ref><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)">{{cite report|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/355773780/ANA-Cuenca-Maranon|title=Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)|author-link=ANA–Cuenca Marañon|publisher=Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA), INCLA (IC)|page=629|date=2015}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS14||'''[[Mekong]]''' | || {{formatnum:16010}}|| {{formatnum:773728}} || {{formatnum:4909}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[South China Sea]]||<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP|website=geftwap.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans">{{cite journal|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/29205|title=Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans|last1=Meybeck|first1=M.|last2=Ragu|first2=A.|website=epic.awi.de |date=1997 }}</ref><ref name="Mekong River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mekong-river?catid=190&Itemid=780|title=Mekong River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/mrcmekong.org/download/fmmp-reports/2A_HydrologicalHazards_LMB_21Dec2009.pdf|title=Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin|work=The Flood Management and Mitigation Programme, Component 2: Structural Measures & Flood Proofing in the Lower Mekong Basin|author=The Mekong River Comission (MRC)|publisher=Deltares, Royal Haskoning, UNESCO IHE|location=Delft (Nederland)|page=324|volume=2|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions">{{cite report|url=https://repository.unescap.org/items/b585c464-6f49-4cdb-8de3-b67d2cbebdef|title=A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions|docket=Water resources series|author=UN.ECAFE|publisher=United Nations (UN), Economic Comission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)|location=Bangkok (Thailand), New York (United States)|page=74|date=1966|website=repository.unescap.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use">{{cite report|url=https://repository-uat.unescap.org/items/f0b6dee2-349b-441f-baf9-35a542af4fab/full|title=Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use|author=Economic and Social Comission for Asia the Pacific (ESCAP)|publisher=United Nations (UN)|location=New York (United States), Bangkok (Thailand)|page=323|isbn=92-1-119705-8|issn=0082-8130|number=74|date=1995|website=repository-uat.unescap.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS15|| '''[[Ganges]]''' | ||{{formatnum:15800}} || {{formatnum:1089370}}|| {{formatnum:2704}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Padma, [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{r|group=n|Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin}}{{refn|name=Ganges|group=n|Average discharge 500 km³/year (period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]] (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Padma Ganges (main stem 236 km)–Ganges or Ganga (main stem 2,013 km)–[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] (length 205 km, drainage area 6,921 km², average discharge 258 m³/s) → Total length 2,704 km;}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020"/><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra"/><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios"/><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS16||'''[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]''' | || {{formatnum:15400}}|| {{formatnum:411516}} || {{formatnum:2288}} ||bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Andaman Sea]]||{{refn|name=Irrawaddy|group=n|Average discharge at [[Irrawaddy Delta]] 486 km³/year; Source or headwater: Irrawaddy (main stem 1,997 km)–'''[[N'Mai River|N'Mai]]''' (main stem 352 km, 24,337 km², 1,383 m³/s)–Khakabo Razi (57 km) → Total length 2,288 km;}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|date=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans"/><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/irrawaddy-ayeyarwaddy?catid=275&Itemid=780|title=Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="cbsharma">{{cite book|author=Webersik|first=Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nufdUc0Ps0C|title=Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges|publisher=Praeger|date=2010|isbn=9780313380075|pages=45}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS17||'''[[Ob]]''' | || {{formatnum:13100}}|| {{formatnum:3023973}} || {{formatnum:5525}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Gulf of Ob]]||{{refn|name=Ob|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 414 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Ob (lower Ob main stem 1,277 km)–'''[[Irtysh]]''' (main stem 3,576 km; drainage area 1,691,000 km²; average discharge 2,995 m³/s, period 1971–2000)–'''Black Irtysh''' (or Kara Irtysh; 672 km; 53,000 km², 354 m³/s) → Total length 5,525 km;<ref name="The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions">{{cite report|title=The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions|url=https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/a7f/EDB_2025_Irtysh_Report_ENG.pdf|last1=Evgeny|first1=Vinokurov|last2=Arman|first2=Ahunbaev|last3=Stanislav|first3=Chuyev|last4=Asset|first4=Adakhayev|last5=Tulegen|first5=Sarsembekov|publisher=Eurasian Development Bank (EDB)|location=Almaty (Kazakhstan)|page=54|date=2025|website=eabr.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA18|| |'''[[Tapajós]]'''|| {{formatnum:12800}}|| {{formatnum:492263}}|| {{formatnum:2291}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Tapajós|group=n|Average discharge at [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] 12,800 m³/s, 1985–2018 (13,540 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tapajós (main stem 810 km)–'''[[Teles Pires]]''' (or São Manoel – length 1,481 km, drainage area 141,987 km², 3,961 m³/s) → Total length 2,291 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|title=A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin|last1=Marcos|first1=Heil Costa|last2=Carlos|first2=Henrique C. Oliveira|last3=Ricardo|first3=G. Andrade|last4=Thiago|first4=R. Bustamante|last5=Fabrício|first5=A. Silva|last6=Michael|first6=T. Coe|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2000JD000309|doi=10.1029/2000JD000309|pages=6–9|volume=107|issue=20|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8039C }}</ref><ref name="Long‐term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001JD000740|title=Long-term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin|last1=Michael|first1=T. Coe|last2=Marcos|first2=Heil Costa|last3=Aurélie|first3=Botta|last4=Charon|first4=Birkett|volume=107|issue=20|doi=10.1029/2001JD000740|pages=11–17|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8044C }}</ref><ref name="UHE São Manoel">{{cite report|url=https://www.saomanoelenergia.com.br/sites/edpbrsaomanoel/files/documentos_oficias_-_eia_uhe_sao_manoel_-_volume_2.pdf|title=UHE São Manoel|docket=Usina Hidrelétrica São Manoel|publisher=Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA)|author=Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE)|volume=2|page=231|date=2008|website=saomanoelenergia.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas">{{cite book|url=https://www.ana.gov.br/arquivos/institucional/sge/CEDOC/Catalogo/2013/planoEstrategicoDeRecursos.pdf|last1=Ney|first1=Maranhão|last2=Laura|first2=Tillmann Viana|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Carlos André|first4=Cascelli|last5=Alessandro|first5=Mendes|last6=Raphael|first6=Guimarães|last7=Bárbara|first7=de Castro|last8=Danúzia|first8=Queiroz|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|date=2012|isbn=978-85-89629-91-1|title=Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas}}</ref><ref name="The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil">{{cite journal|journal=Agrarian and Biological Sciences|doi=10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553|url=https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32553|volume=11|date=2022|last1=Guilherme|first1=Augusto Borge|last2=Gabriel|first2=Mancilla|last3=Auberto José|first3=Barros Siqueira|last4=Maurício|first4=Vancine|last5=Milton|first5=Cezar Ribeiro|last6=João|first6=Carlos de Souza Maia|title=The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil|number=10 |pages=e448111032553 }}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/><ref name="Lynch2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|title=The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters|first=Christine|last=Lynch|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528103830/http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|archive-date=2014-05-28}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|NA19||'''[[St. Lawrence River|St Lawrence River]]''' | || {{formatnum:12500}} || {{formatnum:1057304}}|| {{formatnum:3058}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Gulf of St. Lawrence]]||{{refn|name=St. Lawrence River|group=n|St. Lawrence River at [[Quebec City]]: average discharge (1968–2023) 12,500 m³/s, drainage basin 1,057,304 km², length 3,058 km (source to [[L'Islet, Quebec|L' Islet]]); St. Lawrence River at [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|Pointe-des-Monts]] Lighthouse: length 3,380 km, drainage basin 1,266,642 km², average discharge 17,600 m³/s (1969–2023); Source or headwater: St. Lawrence River (main stem 646 km – main stem with estuary 968 km)–[[Lake Ontario]] (Niagara inflow–St. Lawrence River outflow 311 km)–'''[[Niagara River|Niagara]]''' (length 58 km; drainage area 684,000 km²; average discharge 5,885 m³/s)<ref name="One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission">{{cite report|url=https://www.ijc.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/135.pdf|title=One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission|author=International Niagara Board of Control|publisher=International Joint Comission|location=Cincinnati (Ohio, United States), Burlington (Ontario, United States),Washington D.C. (United States), Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)|website=www.ijc.org|page=30|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Niagara Falls Info">{{cite web|url=https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/niagara-geological-areas/drianage-of-the-niagara-river|title=Niagara Falls Info|website=www.niagarafallsinfo.com |date=3 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04216000/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060--874388869|title=Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels">{{cite web|url=https://www.glc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2013-glc-annual-mackey.pdf|title=Great Lakes Water Levels|website=Great Lakes Comission|date=2016}}</ref>–[[Lake Erie]] (Detroit inflow–Niagara outflow 385 km)–'''[[Detroit River|Detroit]]''' (45 km; 595,052 km²; 5,324 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|url=https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/lec/research/be/docs/manning%20et%20al%202013.pdf|title=Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie|last1=Nathan|first1=F. Manning|last2=Christine|first2=M. Mayer|last3=Jonathan|first3=M. Bossenbroek|last4=Jeff|first4=T. Tyson|publisher=IAGLR, ELSEVIER|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.010|pages=295–302|volume=39|issue=2|date=2013 |bibcode=2013JGLR...39..295M }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04165710/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060-0|title=Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation">{{cite web|url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/349df482f78b401f8726b49ec185bd2e|title=The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation|website=storymaps.arcgis.com |date=5 February 2025 }}</ref>–[[Lake St. Clair]] (St. Clair River inflow–Detroit outflow 53 km)–'''[[St. Clair River]]''' (65 km; 583,509 km²; 5,200 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="The St. Clair River Area of Concern">{{cite web|url=https://www.friendsofstclair.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/St-Clair-River-AOC-Canadian-RAP-Implementation-Committee-2007-2010-Work-Plan-Summary-of-Accomplishments.pdf|title=The St. Clair River Area of Concern|website=www.friendsofstclair.ca}}</ref><ref name="Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering|title=Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984|url=https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1986/19860008.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:12(1182)|last1=Jan|first1=A. Derecki|last2=Frank|first2=H. Quinn|publisher=ASCE Manager of Journals|volume=112|issue=12|pages=1182–1194|date=1986|via=www.glerl.noaa.gov}}</ref>–[[Lake Huron]] (St. Marys River inflow–St. Clair River outflow 440 km)–'''[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|St. Marys River]]''' (120 km; 211,833 km²; 2,177 m³/s)<ref name="Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04127885/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-30208-0|title=Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" />–[[Lake Superior]] (St. Louis River inflow–St. Marys River outflow 616 km)–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis River]] (309 km; 9,410 km²; 147 m³/s)–[[North River (Minnesota)|North River]] (10 km) → Total length 3,058 km (with estuary 3,380 km);}}<ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">{{cite report|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|docket=Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences 378|last1=Peter|first1=Stewart Galbraith|last2=Joël|first2=Chassé|last3=Jean-Luc|first3=Shaw|last4=Jacqueline|first4=Dumas|last5=Marie-Noëlle|first5=Bourassa|publisher=Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada|location=Québec (Canada)|page=91|date=2024|isbn=978-0-660-71996-2|issn=1488-5417|website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/st-lawrence-great-lakes?catid=316&Itemid=563|title=St Lawrence–Great Lakes|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="rna">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. {{ISBN|978-0-12-088253-3}}. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS20||'''[[Amur]]''' | || {{formatnum:12360}}|| {{formatnum:2129700}} || {{formatnum:5498}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Strait of Tartary]]||{{refn|name=Amur|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 390 km³/year (2002–2020); Source or headwater: Amur (main stem 2,874 km)–'''[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]''' (main stem 965 km – Argun with Hailar total length 1,620 km, drainage area 300,977 km², average discharge 409 m³/s)–Dalan Orom (Xinkai) and [[Hulun Lake]] (Kherlen inflow–Dalan Orom outflow 94 km)–'''[[Kherlen River|Kherlen]]''' (1,565 km, 238,600 km², 54 m³/s) → Total length 5,498 km;}}<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|doi-access=free|volume=15|number=20|last=Andrey|first=Andreev|date=2023|page=4984|bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite report|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|publisher=Ecosystems Ltd., WWF |location=Vladivostok (Russia), Hong Kong, Beijing (China), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Washington (United States)|page=442|isbn=978-988-17227-1-3|date=2008|website=www.feu.awsassets.panda.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA21|| [[Tocantins River|'''Tocantins''']] | || {{formatnum:11800}}|| {{formatnum:777308}}|| {{formatnum:3100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Pará River|Rio Para]] ||{{refn|name=Tocantins|group=n|Average discharge 11,800 m³/s (1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tocantins (lower Tocantins main stem 473 km)–'''[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]''' (length 2,627 km, drainage area 386,073 km², average discharge 6,420 m³/s) → Total length 3,100 km; The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazonas branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the Tocantins River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The total length of the Rio Pará and Tocantins system is 2,850 km from the source of the [[Maranhão River|Maranhão]] River, and 3,100 km from the source of the [[Araguaia River|Araguaia]] River. Its total drainage area is approximately 1 million square kilometers. The Rio Para estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. It receives less water from the smaller northern tributaries originating on Marajó Island. The southern inflows are much more significant: the Anapu, the [[Pacajá River|Pacajá]], the [[Jacundá River (Pará)|Jacundá]], the Tocantins–Araguaia system, the [[Guamá River|Guamá]]–[[Capim River|Capim]] with its [[Acará River|Acará]]–[[Moju River (Acará)|Moju]] tributaries. Of these, the Tocantins is considered a separate water system from the Amazon. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. The annual average discharge of the Pará River (Rio Pará) before the mouth of the Tocantins River is approximately 10,000 m³/s. Of this, about 6,000 m³/s comes from the Amazon through the ''Breves Channel'' and the Furo do Tajapuru branch. The estuarine system of the Rio Pará and Tocantins is extremely complex. The discharge of the Tocantins fluctuates greatly seasonally. In drier periods, the Amazon River contributes to the discharge through the Breves Channel, so the average discharge of the entire estuary system can reach 21,000–26,000 m³/s at the Atlantic mouth;<ref name="Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil">{{cite journal |last1=Aquino |first1=Samia |last2=Latrubesse |first2=Edgardo |last3=Bayer |first3=Maximiliano |title=Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil |journal=Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis |date=2009 |volume=16 |number=2 |pages=119–128 |url=https://www.lajsba.sedimentologia.org.ar/index.php/lajsba/article/view/111}}</ref><ref name="A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system">{{cite journal |last1=Prestes |first1=Yuri Onça |last2=Borba |first2=Thais Angélica da Costa |last3=Silva |first3=Alex Costa da |last4=Rollnic |first4=Marcelo |title=A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |year=2020 |volume=28 |article-number=100668 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100668 |s2cid=213143882 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="The Estuary">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/the-estuary|title=The Estuary|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref><ref name="Marajó Bay">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/marajo-bay|title=Marajó Bay|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Tocantins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tocantins?catid=345&Itemid=0|title=Tocantins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras"/><ref name="Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins">{{cite web|title=Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins|url=https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br/sala-de-situacao/tocantins/boletins-tocantins-diario/boletim_13_tocantins_publica-1763991289.62.pdf|author=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|website=www.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese">{{cite report|url=https://biblioteca.ana.gov.br/sophia_web/Acervo/Detalhe/3357|title=Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese|last1=João Gilberto|first1=Lotufo Conejo|last2=José Luiz|first2=Gomes Zoby|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Eraldo|first4=Peres|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|location=Brasília (Brazil)|page=256|isbn=978-85-89629-55-3|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="Boletim Goiano de Geografia">{{cite report|url= https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4785584.pdf|doi=10.5216/bgg.v19i1.15341|title=Boletim Goiano de Geografia|work=The Araguaia–Tocantins Fluvial Basin|last1=José|first1=C. Stevaux|last2=Edgardo|first2=M. Latrubesse|last3=M.|first3=Bayer|last4=R.|first4=Prado|publisher=IESA-UFG|location=Federal University of Goiás (Brazil)|pages=120–127|volume=19|date=1999}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA22|| |[[Purus River|'''Purus''']] || {{formatnum:11207}}|| {{formatnum:378762}}|| {{formatnum:3361}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022">{{cite report|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1877/libro.pdf|title=Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022|last1=Dante|first1= Carhuavilca Bonett|last2=Anibal|first2=Sánchez Aguilar|last3=José Luis|first3=Robles Franco|last4=Javier|first4=Vásquez Chihuán|last5=Rosa|first5=Blas Alcántara|last6=Eliana|first6=Quispe Calmett|last7=Felixalberto|first7=Lavado Romani|last8=Ana|first8=Huauya Tacza|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INERI)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=557|date=2022|website=www.inei.gob.pe}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS23|| '''[[Pearl River|Pearl]]''' | || {{formatnum:10700}}|| {{formatnum:442527}} || {{formatnum:2400}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||{{refn|name=Pearl River|group=n|Average discharge at [[Pearl River Delta]] 336 km³/year (1953–2017); Source or headwater: Pearl River (main stem length 177 km)–'''[[Xi River|Xi]]''' (main stem 210 km; drainage area 338,899 km²; average discharge 7,420 m³/s)–'''[[Xun River|Xun]]''' (172 km, 314,096 km², 6,645 m³/s)–'''[[Qian River|Qian]]''' (121 km, 186,660 km², 3,901 m³/s)–'''[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]''' (670 km, 125,626 km², 2,381 m³/s)–'''[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]''' (950 km, 50,560 km², 685 m³/s) → Total length 2,400 km;}}<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|doi=10.3390/su11185007|doi-access=free|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|volume=11|number=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019 |page=5007 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}</ref><ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|title=Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center|publisher=Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2012-11-08|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203044933/http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|archivedate=2013-02-03 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF24|| |[[Kasai River|'''Kasai''']]|| {{formatnum:10457}}|| {{formatnum:884376}}|| {{formatnum:2272}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï">{{cite web |url=https://www.crrebac.org/blog/professeur-raphael-tshimanga-phd-hydrologie-2/conception-dun-reseau-optimal-de-suivi-hydrometeorologique-et-climatique-du-bassin-versant-de-kasai-120 |title=Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï |last=Dr. Raphael |first=M. Tshimanga |date=2019 |website=www.crrebac.org}}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA25||'''[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]''' | || {{formatnum:9910}}|| {{formatnum:1801938}}|| {{formatnum:4241}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Beaufort Sea]]||{{refn|name=Mackenzie|group=n|Average discharge at Mackenzie Delta 310 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Mackenzie (main stem 1,749 km)–[[Great Slave Lake]] (Slave inflow–Mackenzie outflow 135 km)–'''[[Slave River|Slave]]''' (main stem 434 km, drainage area 616,400 km², 3,451 m³/s)–'''[[Peace River|Peace]]''' (1,521 km, 306,000 km², 2,225 m³/s)–'''[[Finlay River|Finlay]]''' (402 km, 43,271 km², 680 m³/s) → Total length 4,241 km;}}<ref name="The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study">{{cite report|url=https://www.math.ualberta.ca/~bowman/clembowman.info/PDFs/Chapter8-June12.pdf|title=The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study|last=F. Pierre|first=Gingras|publisher=University of Alberta|pages=137–150|date=2013|website=www.math.ualberta.ca}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Mackenzie">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mackenzie?catid=308&Itemid=563|title=Mackenzie|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA26|| |[[Beni River|'''Beni''']]|| {{formatnum:9741}}|| {{formatnum:281367}}|| {{formatnum:1619}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madeira River|Madeira]]||{{refn|name=Beni|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth (period from 1968 to 1982); Source or headwater: Beni (main stem 1,178 km)–Alto Beni (main stem 178 km, drainage area 31,240 km², average discharge 637 m³/s)–[[Cotacajes River|Cotacajes]] (main stem 125 km, 8,310 km², 121 m³/s)–[[Sacambaya River|Sacambaya]] (37 km)–[[Ayopaya River|Ayopaya]] (40 km)–[[Leque River|Leque]] (37 km)–[[Tallija River|Tallija]] (24 km) → Total length 1,619 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE"/><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)"/><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA27 | |[[Xingu River|'''Xingu''']] || {{formatnum:9298}}|| {{formatnum:509685}}|| {{formatnum:2324}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Xingu|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1972–2003 (9,680 m³/s, period 1973 to 1990); Source or headwater: Xingu (main stem 1,640 km)–'''[[Culuene River|Culuene]]''' (length 684 km, 29,560 km², average discharge 543 m³/s) → Total length 2,324 km;}}<ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /><ref name="Lynch2012" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF28|| '''[[Niger River|Niger]]''' | || {{formatnum:8630}}|| {{formatnum:2273946}} || {{formatnum:4184}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Guinea]]||<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book|url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm|title=The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management|last1=Inger|first1=Andersen|last2=Ousmane|first2=Dione|last3=Martha|first3=Jarosewich-Holder|last4=Jean-Claude|first4=Olivry|last5=Katherin|first5=George Golitzen|isbn=9780821362037|date=2005|publisher=World Bank }}</ref><ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |date=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA29|| |[[Putumayo River|'''Putumayo''']]|| {{formatnum:8520}}|| {{formatnum:120545}}|| {{formatnum:2005}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |[[Europe|EU]]30|| '''[[Volga]]''' | || {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:1466717}}|| {{formatnum:3700}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Caspian Sea]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report">{{cite report|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=The Volga River Basin Report|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|publisher=UNESCO, UNEP, International Sediment Initiative|location=Moscow (Russia)|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="Volga">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/volga?catid=226&Itemid=550|title=Volga|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA31|| |[[Ohio River|'''Ohio''']]|| {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:528202}}|| {{formatnum:2102}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]||{{refn|name=Ohio|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1951–1996; Source or headwater: Ohio (main stem 1,579 km)–'''[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]''' (length 523 km, drainage area 30,247 km², average discharge 580 m³/s) → Total length 2,102 km;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= Leeden |first= Frits van der |author2= Fcrimson L. Troise |author3= David Keith Todd |title= The Water Encyclopedia |edition= 2nd |year= 1990 |publisher= Lewis Publishers |location= Chelsea, Mich. |isbn= 0-87371-120-3 |page= [https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 126] |url= https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 }}</ref><ref name="Ohio">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ohio?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Ohio|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA32||'''[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]''' | || {{formatnum:8058}}|| {{formatnum:271807}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caribbean Sea]]||{{refn|name=Magdalena|group=n|Average discharge at [[Calamar, Bolívar|Calamar]], 1991–2020;}}<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua|title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/magdalena-cauca?catid=337&Itemid=0|title=Magdalena–Cauca|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA33|| '''[[Columbia River|Columbia]]''' | || {{formatnum:7478}}|| {{formatnum:724025}} || {{formatnum:2250}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pacific Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Columbia|group=n|Average discharge at [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]] 236 km³/year (period from 1979 to 2015); Source or headwater: Columbia (lower and middle Columbia main stem 515 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 1,954 km;)–'''[[Snake River|Snake]]''' (length 1,735 km, drainage area 260,939 km², average discharge 1,756 m³/s) → Total length 2,250 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Columbia River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/columbia?catid=184&Itemid=563|title=Columbia River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior">{{cite web|url=https://portoflewiston.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Appendix-U.pdf|title=Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy Liermann|last3=Dynesius|first3=Mats|last4=Revenga|first4=Carmen|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.1107887|date=2005|volume=308|issue=5720|pages=405–408|pmid=15831757|bibcode=2005Sci...308..405N|s2cid=34820022}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS34|| |'''Middle Ob'''|| {{formatnum:7428}}|| {{formatnum: 1040000}}|| {{formatnum:3061}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ob]]||{{refn|name=Middle Ob|group=n|Ob River above Irtysh River; Average discharge 7,428 m³/s (1971–2000); Drainage area 1,040,000 km²; Source or headwater: Middle and Upper Ob (main stem 2,373 km)–'''[[Katun (river)|Katun]]''' (length 688 km, drainage area 60,900 km², average discharge 652 m³/s) → Total length 3,061 km;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA35|| [[Uruguay River|'''Uruguay''']] | || {{formatnum:7058}}|| {{formatnum:353451}}|| {{formatnum:2408}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Río de la Plata ||{{refn|name=Uruguay|group=n|Average discharge at [[Nueva Palmira]], 1971–2010; Source or headwater: Uruguay (main stem 1,838 km)–'''[[Canoas River|Canoas]]''' (length 570 km, drainage area 14,884 km², average discharge 309 m³/s) → Total length 2,408 km;}}<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA36|| '''[[Yukon River|Yukon]]''' | || {{formatnum:7000}}|| {{formatnum:861461}}|| {{formatnum:3185}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Norton Sound]]||<ref name="Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta">{{cite book |url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf |title=Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta |last1=Douglas |first1=J. Martin |last2=Clifford |first2=J. Whitmus |last3=Lon |first3=E. Hachmeister |date=1987}}</ref><ref name="Yukon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=145&catid=315&Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yukon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994204/pdf/wri994204.pdf|title=Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada|last1=Timothy|first1=P. Brabets|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|page=114|date=2000|website=pubs.usgs.gov}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA37|| |[[Napo River|'''Napo''']]|| {{formatnum:6800}}|| {{formatnum:103308}}|| {{formatnum:1130}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Napo|group=n|Average discharge at Bellavista, 1981–2020;}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/10462866|title=Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo|last=Laborde|first=Jorge Lopez|date=January 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS38|| '''[[Salween River|Salween]]''' | || {{formatnum:6691}}|| {{formatnum:283500}}|| {{formatnum:3289}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|number=9|date=2020|article-number=e2020JF005554 |issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B}}</ref><ref name="Salween (Nu river)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/salween-nu-river?catid=282&Itemid=780|last=Eric|first=Tilman|title=Salween (Nu river)|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/><ref name="Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future">{{cite report|url=https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:81d5fdd6-0adb-456b-ba27-902f76fd70f1|title=Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future|last=Rens|first=Hasman|publisher=Deltares, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)|location=Delft (Netherlands)|page=215|date=2014|website=repository.tudelft.nl}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1467|last1=Aoyang|first1=He|last2=Jiangcheng|first2=Huang|last3=Zhengbao|first3=Sun|last4=Jingyi|first4=Zhou|last5=Cheng|first5=Yang|doi=10.3390/rs15051467|doi-access=free|page=16|volume=15|issue=5|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |[[Oceania|OC]]39|| '''[[Fly River|Fly]]''' | || {{formatnum:6500}}|| {{formatnum:73809}}|| {{formatnum:1050}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Papua]]||<ref name="Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño">{{cite journal |journal=Geophysical |title=Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JF000669 |last1=Andrea |first1=S. Ogston |last2=Richard |first2=W. Sternberg |last3=Charles |first3=A. Nittrouer |last4=D. Preston |first4=Martin |last5=Miguel |first5=A. Goñi |last6=John |first6=S. Crockett |volume=113 |page=18 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000669 |date=2008 |number=F1 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S11O}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region">{{cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11017/211 |title=Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region |last1=David |first1=Lawrence |last2=Tim |first2=Cansfield-Smith |date=1990 |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |hdl=11017/211 |isbn=978-0-642-12028-1 }}</ref><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/wiki/Main_Page|title=DFO – Flood Observatory|website=floodobservatory.colorado.edu}}</ref><ref name="The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment">{{cite report|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6969|title=The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)|publisher=IUCN|location=Gland (Switzerland)|page=86|isbn=978-2-8317-0236-0|website=portals.iucn.org}}</ref><ref name="Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River">{{cite report|url=https://nesptropical.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NESP-Project-2.2.1-Final-Report.pdf|title=Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River|last=Jane|first=Waterhouse|publisher=Tropical Water Quality (TWQ), National Environmental Science Program (NESP), Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited (RRRC)|location=James Cook University, Town (Australia)|page=184|isbn=978-1-925514-27-8|date=2018}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU40|| '''[[Danube]]''' | || {{formatnum:6452}}|| {{formatnum:801463}}|| {{formatnum:2850}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Black Sea]]||<ref name="Danube">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179 |title=Danube |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers of Europe">{{cite book|url=https://www.jcerni.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/camaro-d/192%20The%20Danube%20River%20Basin.pdf|title=Rivers of Europe|chapter=The Danube River Basin|last1=Klement|first1=Tockner|last2=Christopher|first2=T. Robinson|last3=Urs|first3=Uehlinger|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-369449-2|doi=10.1016/B978.0-12-369449-2.X0001-X|pages=59–112|date=2009 |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/second-assessment-transboundary-rivers-lakes-and-groundwaters#|title=Drainage basin of the Black Sea|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis">{{cite conference |url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html |conference=6th Water Resources and Wetlands 2023–Eco friendly meeting: Tulcea (Romania) |title=The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis |last1=Petre |first1=Gâștescu |last2=Petre |first2=Bretcan |last3=Elena |first3=Tuchiu |publisher=Romanian Limnogeographical Association (RLA) |location=Tulcea, Călăraşi, Bucharest (Romania) |page=16 |issn=2285-7923 |date=2023 |website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)">{{cite report|url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/8/32944.pdf|title=Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)|last=Bondar|first=Constantin|publisher=National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar)|location=Bucharest (Romania)|page=13|website=www.osce.org|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime">{{cite report|url=https://www.limnology.ro/water2012/Proceedings/001.pdf|title=The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime|last1=Gâştescu|first1=Petre|last2=Țuchiu|first2=Elena|docket=Water resources and wetlands: Conference Proceedings|location=Tulcea, Romania|editor-first1=Petre|editor-last1=Gâştescu|editor-first2=William |editor-last2=Lewis William Jr|editor-first3=Petre|editor-last3=Breţcan|date=2012|isbn=978-606-605-038-8|page=18|website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Buletin hidrologic zilnic">{{cite report|url=https://www.hidro.ro/bulletin_type/buletin-hidrologic-zilnic|title=Buletin hidrologic zilnic|docket=Diagnoza și prognoza pentru Dunăre|author=Institutul Nacional de Hidrologie și Gospodărire a Apelor (I. N. H. G. A.)|publisher=I.N.H.G.A.|location=Bucharest (Romania)|website=www.hidro.ro}}</ref><ref name="TNMN Yearbooks">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/tnmn-yearbooks|title=TNMN Yearbooks|docket=Water Quality in the Danube River Basin|last=Igor|first=Liska|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA41 || |[[Madre de Dios River|'''Madre de Dios''']]|| {{formatnum:6372}}|| {{formatnum:125287}}|| {{formatnum:1210}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Beni River|Beni]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE" /><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS42|| '''[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]''' | || {{formatnum:6012}}|| {{formatnum:94457}}|| {{formatnum:1143}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |doi=10.1002/2016JG003701 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380 |last1=Ting-Hsuan |first1=Huang |last2=Chen-Tung |first2=Arthur Chen |last3=Hsiao-Chun |first3=Tseng |last4=Jiann-Yuh |first4=Lou |last5=Shu Lun |first5=Wang |last6=Liyang |first6=Yang |last7=Selvaraj |first7=Kandasamy |last8=Xuelu |first8=Gao |last9=Jough-Tai |first9=Wang |last10=Edvin |first10=Aldrian |last11=G.S. |first11=Jacinto |last12=Gusti Z. |first12=Anshari |last13=Penjai |first13=Sompongchaiyakul |last14=B.J. |first14=Wang |title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS |date=May 2017 |s2cid=135024272 |volume=122 |number=5 |pages=1239–1259}}</ref><ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/kalimantan-borneo?catid=277&Itemid=780 |title=Kalimantan–Borneo |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA43|| |[[Juruá River|'''Juruá''']]|| {{formatnum:6004}}|| {{formatnum:190573}}|| {{formatnum:3283}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF44 | |[[Ubangi River|'''Ubangi''']] || {{formatnum:5936}}|| {{formatnum:651915}}|| {{formatnum:2350}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ubangi|group=n|Average discharge, 1911–1983; Source or headwater: Ubangi (main stem 1,046 km)–'''[[Uele River|Uele]]''' (main stem 864 km, drainage area 140,155 km², average discharge 1,468 m³/s)–[[Kibali River|Kibali]] (440 km, 22,380 km², 175 m³/s) → Total length 2,350 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin">{{cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764|doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |year=2018 |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=Da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 }}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA45 | |[[Meta River|'''Meta''']] || {{formatnum:5694}}|| {{formatnum:106733}}|| {{formatnum:1100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Orinoco]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS46|| '''[[Indus River|Indus]]''' | || {{formatnum:5589}}|| {{formatnum:1143101}}|| {{formatnum:3600}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Arabian Sea]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Indus">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indus?catid=220&Itemid=0|title=Indus|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya">{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7|chapter=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India|title=Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya|series=Society of Earth Scientists Series|date=2015|last1=Khan|first1=Abul A.|last2=Pant|first2=Naresh C.|last3=Goswami|first3=Anuj|last4=Lal |first4=Ravish|last5=Joshi|first5=Rajesh|pages=67–84|isbn=978-3-319-13742-1}}</ref><ref name="The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River">{{cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/74/15/the-geographical-and-traditional-sources-of-the-indus-river|title=The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River|last=Seregei|first=Balalaev|date=2026|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS47|| |[[Aldan (river)|'''Aldan''']] || {{formatnum:5501}}|| {{formatnum:717203}}|| {{formatnum:2273}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Lena River|Lena]]||<ref name="Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires">{{cite book|doi=10.3390/ECWS-3-05801|doi-access=free|last1=Evgenii|first1=I. Ponomarev|last2=Tatiana|first2=V. Ponomarev|title=Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires|chapter=Response of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires |date=2018|volume=7|number=1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA48 | |[[Branco River|'''Rio Branco''']]|| {{formatnum:5300}}|| {{formatnum:192393}}|| {{formatnum:1454}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]||{{refn|name=Rio Branco|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1980–2006; Source or headwater: Rio Branco (main stem 802 km)–'''[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]''' (length 652 km, drainage area 49,630 km², average discharge 1,500 m³/s) → Total length 1,454 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional">{{cite report|url=https://www.agbbauru.org.br/publicacoes/revista/anoXXV_2/agb_xxv_2_web/agb_xxv_2-14.pdf|title=Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional|last1=Thiago|first1=Moratode Carvalho|last2=Rúbson|first2=Pinheiro Maia|last3=Carlos|first3=Sander|publisher=Ciência Geográfica, Associação dos Geografos Brasileiro — Seção Bauru|location=Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidade Federal do Ceará|pages=657–681|volume=15|date=2021|website=www.agbbauru.org.br}}</ref><ref name="Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia">{{cite report|url=https://coc.ufrj.br/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/41068/48796/Augusto-Cesar-Vieira-Getirana-_D.pdf|title=Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia|last1=Augusto César|first1=Vieira Getirana|last2=Webe João|first2=Mansur|last3=Marie-Paule|first3=Bonnet|last4=Frédérique|first4=Seyler|last5=Nelson Luis|first5=da Costa Dias|last6=Otto Corrêa|first6=Rotunno Filho|last7=Serge|first7=Chauzy|last8=Walter|first8=Collischonn|publisher=Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Coordenação dos Programas de Pós–Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE)|location=Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)|page=273|doi=10.1002/hyp|date=2009|website=coc.ufrj.br |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA49 | |'''Upper Orinoco'''|| {{formatnum:5294}}|| {{formatnum:100975}}|| {{formatnum:890}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||{{refn|name=Upper Orinoco|group=n|Orinoco River above Guaviare River;}}<ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA50 | |[[Javary River|'''Javary''']]|| {{formatnum:5194}}|| {{formatnum:108966}}|| {{formatnum:1309}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF51|| '''[[Ogooué River|Ogooué]]''' | || {{formatnum:5142}}|| {{formatnum:225548}} || {{formatnum:1200}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Site ramsar bas Ogooue">{{cite conference|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/GA1851RISformer_160316.pdf|title=Site ramsar bas Ogooue|conference=Session de la Conférence des Parties contractantes|publisher=FDR|page=22|date=2008|location=Liberville, Gabon|last1=Mengue|first1=Medou|last2=Ondamba|first2=Ombanda|last3=Ndjokounda|first3=Come|last4=Mounganga|first4=Magloir-Désiré|last5=Bayani|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Mikala|first6=Rufin|website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348187946|title=Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data|date=September 2018|conference=AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin|location=Washington DC|website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC52||'''[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]''' | || {{formatnum:5014}}|| {{formatnum:78957}} || {{formatnum:1112}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean||{{refn|name=Mamberamo|group=n|Average discharge at Mamberamo Delta 158.23 km³/year (2003–2012); Source or headwaters: Mamberamo (main stem 283 km)–'''[[Taritatu River|Taritatu]]''' (main stem 650 km, drainage area 47,803 km², average discharge 2,703 m³/s)–[[Waruta River|Waruta]] (179 km, 4,296 km², 123 m³/s) → Total length 1,112 km;}}<ref name="Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia">{{cite report|url=https://www.restec.or.jp/geoss_ap2/pdf/0415/wg2/sr1/06.pdf|title=Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia|publisher=Indonesian Hydrological Society|last=Joesron|first=Loebis|date=2008|website=www.restec.or.jp}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2014_Pola%20PSDA%20Mamberamo%20Tami%20Apauvar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2014}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC53||'''[[Sepik]]''' | || {{formatnum:5000}}|| {{formatnum:80386}} || {{formatnum:1126}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bismarck Sea]]||{{refn|name=Sepik|group=n|Average discharge at [[Angoram]], 1964–1980;}}<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">{{cite report|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)|location=Canberra (Australia)|page=212|date=1977|isbn=0-7081-0410-X|website=openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA54|| |[[Caroní River|'''Caroní''']] || {{formatnum:4981}}|| {{formatnum:95442}}|| {{formatnum:952}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | SA55 | |[[Juruena River|'''Juruena''']] || {{formatnum:4937}}|| 192,628||{{formatnum:1240}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tapajós]]||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU56|| '''[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]''' | || {{formatnum:4877}}|| {{formatnum:312763}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Barents Sea]]||<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">{{cite journal |title=Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea |last1=Vladimir |first1=Rogozhin |last2=Alexander |first2=Osadchiev |last3=Olga |first3=Konivalova |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |date=2023 |volume=10 |article-number=1052044 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1052044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1052044R }}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=126&catid=298&Itemid=179|title=Northern Europe|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA57 | |'''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'''–[[Canumã River|'''Canumã''']] || {{formatnum:4804}}|| {{formatnum:133212}}|| {{formatnum:1313}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Paraná do Urariá–Canumã|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Paraná do Urariá (main stem 408 km)–'''[[Canumã River|Canumã]]''' (main stem 218 km, drainage area 52,208 km², average discharge 2,135 m³/s)–'''[[Sucunduri River|Sucunduri]]''' (687 km, 26,541 km², 943 m³/s) → Total length 1,313 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS58|| | '''[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]'''|| {{formatnum:4753}}|| {{formatnum:69871}}|| {{formatnum:1040}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Old Brahmaputra River|Old Brahmaputra]], Lower Meghna ||<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020" /><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III" /><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS59|| |[[Chindwin River|'''Chindwin''']]|| {{formatnum:4740}}|| {{formatnum:114685}}|| {{formatnum:1207}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]||<ref name="Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.">{{cite report|title=Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.|work=Myanmar 1. Chindwin River|url=http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_06/Myanmar-1_Chindwin_River.pdf|last1=Hidetaka|first1=Chikamori|last2=Liu|first2=Heng|last3=Trevor|first3=Daniel|publisher=UNESCO–IHP|location=Yokohama (Japan)|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS60|| '''[[Rajang River|Rajang]]''' | || {{formatnum:4715}}|| {{formatnum:52009}}|| 773 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River">{{cite thesis|last=Sien Aun |first=Edwin Sia |title=Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River|date=2019|degree=Doctor of Philosophy|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|access-date=7 March 2022|publisher=Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science - Swinburne University of Technology|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109085640/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA61|| |[[Paraguay River|'''Paraguay''']]|| {{formatnum:4696}}|| {{formatnum:1120154}}|| {{formatnum:2621}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Paraná River|Paraná]]||<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS62 | |'''[[Gan River|Gan]]'''|| {{formatnum:4658}}|| {{formatnum:162225}}|| {{formatnum:885}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yangtze]]||{{refn|name=Gan|group=n|Average discharge from the Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River is 147 km³/year (1960–2022); Total drainage area 162,225 km²; Source or headwater: Gan (main stem 572 km – Average discharge into the Lake Poyang 2,865 m³/s, drainage area 103,074 km²)–[[Lake Poyang]]–'''[[Gong River|Gong]]''' (length 313 km, drainage area 27,074 km², 700 m³/s) → Total length 885 km;}}<ref name="Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake">{{cite report|url=https://bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org/journal/vol38/iss12/18|title=Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake|last1=Zhang|first1=Qi|last2=Xue|first2=Chenyang|last3=Xia|first3=Jun|publisher=China Academic Journals|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1894–1902|date=2023|website=bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS63|| '''[[Barito River|Barito]]''' | || {{formatnum:4514}}|| {{formatnum:78632}} || {{formatnum:1090}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]]||{{refn|name=Barito|group=n|Average discharge at Barito Delta, 2003–2016; Source or headwater: Barito (main stem 832 km)–'''Murung''' (length 258 km, drainage area 7,411 km², average discharge 555 m³/s) → Total length 1,090 km;}}<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF64|| |[[Ruki River|'''Ruki''']]|| {{formatnum:4500}}|| {{formatnum:175293}}|| {{formatnum:1296}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ruki|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Ruki (main stem 105 km)–'''[[Busira River|Busira]]''' (main stem 305 km, drainage area 123,669 km², average discharge 3,343 m³/s)–'''[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]]''' (886 km, 51,468 km², 1,422 m³/s) → Total length 1,296 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River">{{cite web|url=https://www.xylem.com/en-om/resources/case-studies/the-annual-hydrograph-of-the-ruki-river|title=The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River|website=www.xylem.com|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA65 || | '''Upper Tocantins'''||{{formatnum:4448}} ||{{formatnum:308345}} ||{{formatnum:2167}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] ||{{refn|name=Upper Tocantins|group=n|Tocantins River above Araguaia River; Its average discharge at the mouth of the Araguaia 4,448 m³/s (period from 1971 to 2000); Source or headwater: Tocantins (upper Tocantins main stem 1,658 km → Total length lower and upper Tocantins 2,640 km)–'''[[Maranhão River|Maranhão]]''' (main stem 392 km, drainage area 41,383 km², average discharge 699 m³/s)–[[Arraial Velho River|Arraial Velho]] (117 km);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA66 | |[[Vaupés River|'''Vaupés''']] || {{formatnum:4345}}|| {{formatnum:64370}}|| {{formatnum:1381}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS67|| '''[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]''' | || {{formatnum:4341}}|| {{formatnum:170903}}|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Tonkin]]||<ref name="Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/SIM3235.pdf|title=Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010|last1=Paul|first1=J. Kinzel|last2=Jonathan|first2=M. Nelson|last3=Duong|first3=Duc Toan|last4=Mung|first4= Dinh Thanh|last5=Yasuyuki|first5=Shimizu|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|location=Sapporo (Japan), Golden (Colorado, United States), Hanoi (Vietnam)|website=www.pubs.usgs.gov|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River">{{cite report |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |title=Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River |date=2004 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS68|| '''[[Mahakam River|Mahakam]]''' | || {{formatnum:4278}}|| {{formatnum:77095}}|| 980 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Makassar Strait]]||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/files/2017_Pola%20PSDA%20Mahakam.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS69|| |[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska|'''Lower Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:4139}}|| {{formatnum:473000}}|| {{formatnum:2989}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA70||'''[[Atrato River|Atrato]]''' | || {{formatnum:4138}}|| {{formatnum:36231}}|| 750 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Urabá]]||<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">{{cite journal|title=Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia|last=Wilmar|first=Loaiza Cerón|journal=Water|date=2020|volume=12|number=1|page=216|doi=10.3390/w12010216|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020Water..12..216L |hdl=10251/176393|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="urlgeotest.tamu.edu">{{cite web |url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |title=Chapter 14 |work=The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads |accessdate=2011-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325144718/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF71|| '''[[Zambezi]]''' | || {{formatnum:4134}}|| {{formatnum:1474004}} || {{formatnum:3421}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Mozambique Channel]]||{{refn|name=Zambezi|group=n|Average discharge at Zambezi Delta 130.39 km³/year (1962–2002); Source or headwater: Zambezi (main stem 2,389 km)–'''[[Lungwebungu River|Lungwebungu]]''' (length 1,032 km, drainage area 44,368 km², average discharge 114 m³/s) → Total length 3,421 km; According to the latest research, the length of the Zambezi River from its traditional geographical source is 3,079 km ([[Zambia]]). The distance from the most remote source—at the headwaters of the Lungwebungu River in [[Angola]]—to the mouth is 3,421 km. In years when the [[Okavango River|Okavango]] experiences a good flood some of the water escapes east along the normally dry channel of the Magwekwana River into the Linyanti Swamp, thus entering the Zambezi basin. According to the GRDC, the combined catchment area of ​​the Zambezi and Okavango is 1,988,756 km².<ref name="Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security">{{cite report|title=Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/4557/2025|last1=Mauro|first1=Lourenco|last2=Rutledge|first2=S. Boyes|last3=Fenton|first3=P. D. Cotterill|last4=Tyrel|first4=Flügel|last5=Frank|first5=C. Nyoni|last6=Goabaone|first6=J. Ramatlapeng|last7=Rainer|first7=von Brandis|publisher=European Geosciences Union (EGU), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)|date=2025|volume=29|issue=18|website=hess.copernicus.org, www.egu.eu}}</ref>}}<ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zambezi-lake-malawi?catid=326&Itemid=0|title=Zambezi–Lake Malawi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis">{{cite report|url=https://cridf.net/RC/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/36ZambeziStateoftheBasinVol3.pdf|title=The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis|docket=State of the Basin|author=The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington D.C. (United States)|website=www.worldbank.org|page=202|volume=3|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /><ref name="Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River">{{cite journal |last1=Hamududu |first1=Byman |last2=Killingtveit |first2=Ånund |title=Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River |journal=Energies |date=2016 |volume=9 |issue=7 |page=502 |doi=10.3390/en9070502|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/2472289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU72|| |[[Kama (river)|'''Kama''']]|| {{formatnum:4119}}|| {{formatnum:523324}}|| {{formatnum:1805}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Volga]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS73|| '''[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]''' | || {{formatnum:4100}}|| {{formatnum:679934}}|| {{formatnum:2600}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kolyma Gulf]]||<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA74|| |[[Apaporis River|'''Apaporis''']]|| {{formatnum:4092}}|| {{formatnum:53509}}|| {{formatnum:1425}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Japurá River|Japurá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA75 || |[[Aripuanã River|'''Aripuanã''']]|| {{formatnum:4087}}|| {{formatnum:147224}}|| {{formatnum:1175}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA76|| '''[[Nelson River|Nelson]]''' | || {{formatnum:4024}}|| {{formatnum:1353555}}|| {{formatnum:2670}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Hudson Bay]]||{{refn|name=Nelson|group=n|Nelson with [[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[Nelson River Hydroelectric Project]]); Source or headwater: Nelson (main stem 644 km)–[[Lake Winnipeg]] (Saskstchewan inflow–Nelson outflow 87 km)–'''[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 547 km, drainage area 405,864"km², 634 m³/s)–'''[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 805 km, 131,442 km², 280 m³/s)–[[Bow River|Bow]] (587 km, 23,862 km², 129 m³/s) → Total length 2,670 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada">{{cite report|url=https://archipel.uqam.ca/3971/1/D2158.pdf|title=Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada|last=Éric|first=Rosa|publisher=Université du Québec á Montréal, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris|location=Montréal, Québec (Canada), Paris (France)|website=www.archipel.ugam.ca|page=189|date=2011}}</ref><ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">{{cite journal|journal=Research Article|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/291/2025/hess-29-291-2025.html|last1=Vivek|first1=K. Arora|last2=Aranildo|first2=Lima|last3=Rajesh|first3=Shrestha|page=291-312|volume=29|issue=1|title=The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model|doi=10.5194/hess-29-291-2025|date=2025|doi-access=free|bibcode=2025HESS...29..291A}}</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">{{cite journal |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |date=2021 |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |s2cid=236682638 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA77|| '''[[Fraser River|Fraser]]'''|| || {{formatnum:3972}}|| {{formatnum:245452}}|| {{formatnum:1375}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Strait of Georgia]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Fraser">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/fraser?catid=199&Itemid=563|title=Fraser|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada">{{cite report|url=http://awsassets.wwf.ca/downloads/wwf_canadas_riversatrisk_technicalreport.pdf|title=Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada|last1=Becky|first1=Swainson|last2=Brian|first2=Richter|last3=Tim|first3=Morris|last4=David|first4=Schindler|last5=Tom|first5=Le Quesne|last6=Allan|first6=Locke|publisher=WWF–Canada|page=96|date=2011|website=www.awsassets.wwf.ca}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA78 | |[[Huallaga River|'''Huallaga''']] || {{formatnum:3955}}|| {{formatnum:89691}}|| {{formatnum:1169}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Marañón River|Marañón]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA79 | |[[Jutaí River|'''Jutaí''']] || {{formatnum:3859}}|| {{formatnum:79374}}|| {{formatnum:1174}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA80|| '''[[La Grande River|La Grande]]''' | || {{formatnum:3808}}|| {{formatnum:209000}}|| 893 || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]]||{{refn|name=La Grande|group=n|La Grande–[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]–[[Eastmain River|Eastmain]]–[[Rupert River|Rupert]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]);}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/east-hudson-bay?catid=305&Itemid=563 |title=East Hudson Bay |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">{{cite journal |journal=Environmental Science |title=Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/20/4801/2016/hess-20-4801-2016.pdf |doi=10.5194/hess-20-4801-2016 |page=4801-4818 |volume=20 |last1=Stephen |first1=J. Déry |last2=Tricia |first2=A. Stadnyk |last3=Matthew |first3=K. MacDonald |last4=Bunu |first4=Gauli- Sharma |date=2016 |issue=12 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016HESS...20.4801D}}</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., ''Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume.'' July 2005 ([http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104610/http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf|date=5 June 2011}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA81|| |'''[[Upper Mississippi River|Upper Mississippi]]'''|| {{formatnum:3687}}|| {{formatnum:445591}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||{{refn|name=Upper Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi River above Missouri River;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU82|| '''[[Northern Dvina]]''' | || {{formatnum:3549}}|| {{formatnum:323573}} || {{formatnum:1800}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[White Sea]]||{{refn|name=Northern Dvina|group=n|Average discharge at Northern Dvina Delta, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Northern Dvina (main stem 670 km)–'''[[Vychegda]]''' (length 1,130 km, drainage area 119,888 km², 1,160 m³/s) → Total length 1,800 km;}}<ref name="About the Northern Dvina River">{{cite web|url=https://www.kotlas.org/kotlas/northern_dvina.php|title=About the Northern Dvina River|website=www.kotlas.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS83|| '''[[Godavari River|Godavari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3503}}|| {{formatnum:314829}}|| {{formatnum:1465}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indian-peninsula?catid=274&Itemid=780|title=Indian Peninsula|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA84|| |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|'''Caura''']] || {{formatnum:3500}}|| {{formatnum:49530}}|| {{formatnum:723}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación">{{cite report|title=Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-07/010010813.pdf|author=Comisión del Plan Nacional de Aprovechcurriento de los Recursos Hidráulicos (COPLANARH)|publisher=Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)|location=Caracas|page=283}}</ref><ref name="Scientia Guaianae">{{cite report|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344149488|title=Scientia Guaianae|work=Ecología de la Cuenca del Río Caura, Venezuela I. Caracterización general|docket=A series on natural sciences of the Guayana region|last1=Judith|first1=Rosales|last2=Otto|first2=Huber|last3=Paul|first3=Berry|last4=Henry|first4=Briceño|last5=Elvira|first5=Cuevas|last6=Gonzalo|first6=Febres F.|last7=Horst|first7=Fölster|last8=Stefan|first8=Gorzula|last9=Stephen|first9=S. Tillett|last10=Stanford|first10=Zent|last11=Gustavo|first11=Romero|last12=Aldred|first12=Znick|publisher=Fundacite–Guayana, UNEG, Wildlife Conservation Society, Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela|location=Caracas, Puerto Ordaz (Venezuela)|number=6|volume=1|page=152|issn=0798-1120|isbn=980-6020-34-0|date=1996}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF85 | |[[Benue River|'''Benue''']]|| {{formatnum:3477}}|| {{formatnum:338968}}|| {{formatnum:1440}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Niger River|Niger]]||<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Niger" /><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA86 | |[[Trombetas River|'''Trombetas''']] || {{formatnum:3437}}|| {{formatnum:126973}}|| {{formatnum:764}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA87 | |[[Inírida River|'''Inírida''']] || {{formatnum:3385}}|| {{formatnum:53795}}|| {{formatnum:1300}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA88|| |'''Upper Columbia''' || {{formatnum:3364}}|| {{formatnum:292316}}|| {{formatnum:1439}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Columbia River|Columbia]]||{{refn|name=Upper Columbia|group=n|Columbia River above Snake River;}}<ref name="Columbia River" /><ref name="USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013)">{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC89 | |[[Strickland River|'''Strickland''']] || {{formatnum:3328}}|| {{formatnum:36740}}|| {{formatnum:824}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Fly River|Fly]]||<ref name="Annual Environmental Report 2017">{{cite report|url=https://png-data.sprep.org/system/files/2017-Porgera-AER-Final.pdf|title=Annual Environmental Report 2017|author=Porgera Joint Venture|publisher=PNG Data Portal, CSIRO|location=Mount Hagen, Western Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea), Kinawee (Australia)|website=www.png-data.sprep.org|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF90 | |[[Kwango River|'''Kwango''']] || {{formatnum:3317}}|| {{formatnum:270904}}|| {{formatnum:1702}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kasai River|Kasai]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS91 | |'''[[Ghaghara]]''' || {{formatnum:3278}}|| {{formatnum:131948}}|| {{formatnum:1167}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Ganges]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /><ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341">{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=Sharad K.|last2=Agarwal|first2=Pushpendra K.|last3=Singh|first3=Vijay P.|title=Hydrology and water resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA341|accessdate=26 April 2011|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|page=341}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA92|| |'''[[Paranaiba River|Paranaiba]]''' || {{formatnum:3216}}|| {{formatnum:223582}}|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS93|| '''[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]''' | || {{formatnum:3200}}|| {{formatnum:371417}} || {{formatnum:1636}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Khatanga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 101 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Khatanga (main stem 227 km)–'''[[Kotuy River|Kotuy]]''' (length 1,409 km, drainage area 176,000 km², average discharge 1,282 m³/s) → Total length 1,636 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS94|| |[[Subansiri River|'''Subansiri''']] || {{formatnum:3197}}|| {{formatnum:34833}}|| {{formatnum:518}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin">{{cite journal |journal=Climate |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/1/18 |title=Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin |last1=Wahid |first1=Shahriar |last2=Sagar |first2=Ratna Bajracharya |last3=Shrestha |first3=Arun Bhakta |last4=Hossain |first4=Md. Shahadat |last5=Mazumder |first5=Liton Chandra |last6=Mazumder |first6=Tarun Kanti |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=18 |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC95|| '''[[Pulau River|Eilanden]]''' | || {{formatnum:3133}}|| {{formatnum:37164}} || 679 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Arafura Sea]]||<ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study">{{cite web|url=https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/display/JCP/Final+Reports|title=Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study|last1=van Beek|first1=E.|last2=Bons|first2=K.|last3=Brinkman|first3=J.|date=2013}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS96|| |'''Upper Yenisei'''|| {{formatnum:3090}}|| {{formatnum:344000}}|| {{formatnum:1843}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||{{refn|name=Upper Yenisei|group=n|Yenisei River above Angara River; Source or headwater: Upper Yenisei (main stem 1,238 km)–'''[[Great Yenisei]]''' (length 605 km, drainage area 56,800 km², average discharge 599 m³/s);}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF97|| '''[[Nile]]''' | || {{formatnum:3075}}|| {{formatnum:3826122}} || {{formatnum:7088}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mediterranean Sea]]||{{refn|name=longest|group=n|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650 km, and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400 km. In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992 km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853 km.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins. The dispute is: "Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?" A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088 km for the Nile and 6,575 km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions. According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate. Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.}}{{refn|name=Nile|group=n|The average flow rate measured at the [[Atbara River]] estuary (at [[Atbara]], [[Sudan]]) the most abundant point of the Nile (3,075 m³/s, 1971–2000); Average discharge at [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] ([[Egypt]]) 2,800 m³/s, at [[Nile Delta]] 150 m³/s (2009–2018); The total topographic drainage basin of the Nile, including desert areas, is approximately 3,826,122 km² according to the GRDC; Source or headwater: Nile (main stem 2,950 km)–'''[[White Nile]]''' (main stem 2,300 km, drainage area 1,849,988 km², average discharge at [[Khartoum]] 897 m³/s)–'''[[Albert Nile]]''' (210 km, 428,830 km², 1,039 m³/s)–[[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]]–[[Lake Kyoga]]–'''[[Victoria Nile]]''' (423 km, 351,576 km², 906 m³/s) –[[Lake Victoria]] (Kagera inflow–Victoria Nile outflow 280 km)–'''[[Kagera River|Kagera]]''' (main stem 572 km, 58,579 km², 346 m³/s)–[[Lake Rweru]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]] (main stem 271 km, 15,868 km², 112 m³/s)–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]] (main stem 14 km, 1,269 km², 11 m³/s)–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]] (49 km, 518 km², 4.8 m³/s) → Total length 7,088 km – '''The longest river in the world''';}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Nile River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/nile?catid=186&Itemid=496|title=Nile River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /><ref name="Water accounting in the Nile River Basin">{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment">{{cite report|url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-river-nile-evolution-and-environment-34na4lyy.pdf|title=The River Nile: Evolution and Environment|docket=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management|last1=Jamie|first1=C. Woodward|last2=Mark|first2=G. Macklin|last3=Michael|first3=D. Krom|last4=Martin|first4=A.J. Williams|publisher=The University of Manchaster|location=Manchaster (United Kingdom)|doi=10.1002/9781119412632.ch14|page=51|date=2023|website=scispace.com |isbn=978-1-119-41260-1 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS98|| '''[[Musi River (Indonesia)|Musi]]''' | || {{formatnum:3066}}|| {{formatnum:59942}} || 759 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Sumatra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/sumatra?catid=285&Itemid=780|title=Sumatra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-08/010082415.pdf|last1=Delphine|first1=Dobler|last2=Elodie|first2=Martinez|last3=Rinny|first3=Rahmania|last4=Budhi Gunadharma|first4=Gautama|last5=A. Riza|first5=Farhan|title=Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling|publisher=Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Agence Française de Développement (AFD)|page=96|date=2021|isbn=979-10-699-7188-2|website=www.horizon.documentation.ird.fr}}</ref><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia">{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7|title=The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia|last1=Francisca|first1=Wit|last2=Tim|first2=Rixen|last3=Antje|first3=Baum|last4=Widodo|first4=S. Pranowo|last5=Andreas|first5=A. Hutahaean|journal=Scientific Reports |year=2018|volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=17403 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7 |doi-access=free|pmid=30479397 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817403W |pmc=6258705}}</ref><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia">{{cite journal|url=https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/17/2019/|doi=10.5194/bg-16-17-2019 |title=Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia |year=2019 |last1=Müller-Dum |first1=Denise |last2=Warneke |first2=Thorsten |last3=Rixen |first3=Tim |last4=Müller |first4=Moritz |last5=Baum |first5=Antje |last6=Christodoulou |first6=Aliki |last7=Oakes |first7=Joanne |last8=Eyre |first8=Bradley D. |last9=Notholt |first9=Justus |journal=Biogeosciences |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |bibcode=2019BGeo...16...17M |s2cid=203167471 |doi-access=free |hdl=1959.3/447242 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA99|| |[[Tigre River|'''Tigre''']] || {{formatnum:3047}}|| {{formatnum:45073}}|| {{formatnum:1087}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA100|| '''[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]''' | || {{formatnum:3037}}|| {{formatnum:638324}} || {{formatnum:3180}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco">{{cite web|url=https://brasildasaguas.com.br/educacional/regioes-hidrograficas/regiao-hidrografica-do-sao-francisco|title=Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco|website=brasildasaguas.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA101|| |[[Iriri River|'''Iriri''']] || {{formatnum:3028}}|| {{formatnum:142079}}|| {{formatnum:1151}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Xingu River|Xingu]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS102 | |[[Min River (Sichuan)|'''Min''']] || {{formatnum:3022}}|| {{formatnum:135296}}|| {{formatnum:735}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years">{{cite journal|journal=Water and Clinate Change|title=Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years|last1=Hongjuan|first1=Zhai|last2=Meng|first2=Wang|last3=Dandan|first3=Shen|last4=Bo|first4=Hu|last5=Yajun|first5=Li|date=2022|volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=3675–3691|doi=10.2166/wcc.2022.218 |bibcode=2022JWCC...13.3675Z |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC103|| '''[[Purari River|Purari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3000}}|| {{formatnum:33773}}|| 902 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF000628|title=Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua|last1=Rudy|first1=Slingerland|last2=Neal W.|first2=Driscoll|last3=John D.|first3=Milliman|last4=Scott R.|first4=Miller|last5=Elizabeth A.|first5=Johnstone|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |date=2008|volume=113|issue=F1 |article-number=2006JF000628 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000628 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S13S |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS104 | |[[Yamuna river|'''Yamuna''']] || {{formatnum:2948}}|| {{formatnum:366223}}|| {{formatnum:1376}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS105 | |[[Srepok River|'''Srepok''']] || {{formatnum:2940}}|| {{formatnum:79015}}|| {{formatnum:454}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mekong]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA106 | |'''Yarí'''|| {{formatnum:2933}}|| {{formatnum:37127}}|| {{formatnum:691}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caquetá River|Caquetá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS107 | |[[Panjnad River|'''Panjnad''']] || {{formatnum:2910}}|| {{formatnum:395000}}|| {{formatnum:1571}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indus River|Indus]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU108 ||'''[[Rhine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2900}} ||{{formatnum:190522}} ||{{formatnum:1233}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[North Sea]] |{{refn|Total discharge at the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt Delta]] 101 km³/year; The total combined catchment area is 224,000 km². The Rhine with the [[Meuse|Maas]] River and the [[Ijssel]] delta branch;|name=Rhine|group=n}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Rhine">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Rhine |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/rhine?catid=230&Itemid=764|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001333/133303e.pdf Rhine case study]; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS109 | |[[Xiang River|'''Xiang''']]|| {{formatnum:2848}}|| {{formatnum:102148}}|| {{formatnum:948}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS110|| '''[[Batang Hari River|Batang Hari]]''' | || {{formatnum:2819}}|| {{formatnum:46504}}|| 800 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari">{{cite report|url= https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_Pola%20PSDA_Wilayah%20Sungai%20Batanghari.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA111 | |[[Guaporé River|'''Guaporé''']] || {{formatnum:2738}}|| {{formatnum:353028}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS112|| '''[[Pyasina]]''' | || {{formatnum:2730}}|| {{formatnum:182000}} || {{formatnum:817}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kara Sea]]||<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project">{{cite web|url=https://www2.whoi.edu/site/aomip/data/river-runoff-forcing-data|title=River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project|website=www2.whoi.edu}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA113 ||'''[[Cuyuni River|Cuyuni]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2719}} ||{{formatnum:85635}} ||{{formatnum:633}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin; Average discharge at near mouth 5,000 m³/s (154–178 km³/year), drainage area 158,407 km², length 1,014 km;}}{{refn|name=Cuyuni|group=n|Average discharge at [[Bartica]], period from 1996 to 2005;}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters">{{cite book |last1=Likens |first1=Gene E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AL6J8i9ZeDEC |title=Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-381997-0}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65a2050e-d7a1-4b62-a351-884dab1a4fc8/content|title=Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina|docket=Reunion regional preparatoria para America Latina y el Caribe Naciones Unidas sobre el agua|author=Consejo Económico y Social (CES)|publisher=Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=95|date=1976|website=repositorio.cepal.org}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic North Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=167&catid=329&Itemid=179#tab-4753|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins">{{cite report|title=Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins|url=https://www.waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report53-GlobalBlueWaterScarcity.pdf|last1=A.Y.|first1=Hoekstra|last2=M.M.|first2=Mekonnen|date=2011|work=Value of Water Research Report Series NO. 53|location=Delft (Netherlands)|publisher=UNESCO–IHE Institute for Water Education}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS114 | |[[Mali River|'''Mali Hka''']]|| {{formatnum:2693}}|| {{formatnum:23221}}|| {{formatnum:320}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA115 ||'''[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2678}} ||{{formatnum:77743}} ||{{formatnum:1052}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]||{{refn|name=Usumacinta|group=n|Average discharge above Grijalva, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Usumacinta (main stem 562 km)–'''[[Chixoy River|Chixoy]]''' (main stem 446 km, drainage area 13,161 km², average discharge 551 m³/s)–Pacaranat (44 km, 945 km², 31.5 m³/s);}}{{refn|name=Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin; Total length 1,123 km; Drainage area 127,676 km², average discharge 125–147 km³/year;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Grijalva–Usumacinta |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/grijalva-usumacinta?catid=248&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta">{{cite report|title=Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta|url=https://www.agua.unam.mx/PremioTesis/assets/docs/TesisGanadoras/SoriaIsmael_FlujoCarbonoRioUsumacinta.pdf|last1=Ismael|first1=Fabián|last2=Soria|first2=Reinoso|last3=Dr. Javier|first3=Alcocer|last4=Dr. Felipe|first4=García-Oliva|last5=Dr. Luis|first5=Oseguera|last6=Dr. Alfonso|first6=Lugo|last7=Dr. Enrique|first7=Cantoral|last8=Dr. Salvador|first8=Sánchez Carrillo|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)|location=Ciudad de México (Mexico)|page=32|date=2020|website=agua.unam.mx}}</ref><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005">{{cite report|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/historicos/1334/702825160173/702825160173_1.pdf|title=Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI)|publisher=INEGI|page=99|issn=0188-8692|date=2006|website=inegi.org.mx}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA116||'''[[San Juan River (Colombia)|San Juan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2649}}|| {{formatnum:16465}} || 399 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region">{{cite report|url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v86n208/0012-7353-dyna-86-208-297.pdf|title=Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region|docket=DYNA|last1=Manuela|first1=Velásquez-Restrepo|last2=Germán|first2=Poveda|publisher=Facultad de Minas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia|location=Medellín (Colombia)|pages=297–306|issn=0012-7353|doi=10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73587|date=2019|website=scielo.org}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF117|| '''[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross]]''' | || {{formatnum:2647}}|| {{formatnum:52257}}|| 489 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Biafra]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU118|| '''[[Neva]]''' | || {{formatnum:2646}}|| {{formatnum:287094}} || {{formatnum:1063}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Finland]]||{{refn|name=Neva|group=n|Average discharge at [[Saint Petersburg]], 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Neva (main stem 74 km)–[[Lake Ladoga]]–'''[[Volkhov River|Volkhov]]''' (main stem 224 km, drainage area 79,500 km², average discharge 593 m³/s)–[[Lake Ilmen]]–[[Msta]] (main stem 445 km, 23,231 km², 209 m³/s)–[[Lake Mstino]]–[[Tsna (Tver Oblast)|Tsna]] (160 km, 4,518 km², 38 m³/s) → Total length 1,063 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Neva River and Neva Bay''">{{cite book|author=Nezhihovsky, R. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ8LHQAACAAJ|title=Neva River and Neva Bay|publisher=Gidrometeoizdat|date=1981}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS119|| |[[Songhua River|'''Songhua''']] || {{formatnum:2591}}|| {{formatnum:557180}}|| {{formatnum:1927}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Amur]]||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/heilong-jiang-amur?catid=213&Itemid=0|title=Heilong Jiang (Amur)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA120 || |[[Urubamba River|'''Urubamba''']] || {{formatnum:2579}}|| {{formatnum:59071}}|| {{formatnum:915}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC121 ||'''[[Digul]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2578}} ||{{formatnum:29175}} ||853 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Arafura Sea ||{{refn|name=Entire Digul–Mappi Basin|group=n|Drainage area 46,947 km², average discharge at Digul Delta 3,028 m³/s;}}<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_RPSDA%20WS%20Einladen%E2%80%93Digul%E2%80%93Bikuma.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papua-new-guinea?catid=277&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA122|| |[[Casiquiare canal|'''Casiquiare''']]|| {{formatnum:2574}}|| {{formatnum:82800}}|| {{formatnum:731}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF123 | |[[Sangha River|'''Sangha''']]|| {{formatnum:2570}}|| {{formatnum:191953}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA124 | |[[Apure River|'''Apure''']]|| {{formatnum:2544}}|| {{formatnum:116713}}|| {{formatnum:1038}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS125 | |[[Kosi River|'''Kosi''']] || {{formatnum:2500}}|| {{formatnum:88185}}|| {{formatnum:729}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS131|| '''[[Kayan River|Kayan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:33005}}|| 576 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" | [[Celebes Sea]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Hanergy 2013">{{Citation|last=Hanergy Holding Group|title=Indonesia East Kalimantan Kayan River Basin Hydropower and Aluminum smelting Project|url=https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|date=March 2013|type=Slide deck|mode=cs1|via=Scribd|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924131157/https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS126|| |[[Dhanu River|'''Ghorautra''']] || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:24060}}|| {{formatnum:339}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA127 | |[[Pastaza River|'''Pastaza''']]|| {{formatnum:2438}}|| {{formatnum:41793}}|| {{formatnum:787}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA128 | |[[Liard River|'''Liard''']] || {{formatnum:2434}}|| {{formatnum:277100}}|| {{formatnum:1215}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]||<ref name="Mackenzie" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA129 | |[[Ituí River|'''Ituí''']] || {{formatnum:2422}}|| {{formatnum:43035}}|| {{formatnum:796}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Javary River|Javary]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA130 | |[[Paragua River|'''Paragua''']] || {{formatnum:2389}}|| {{formatnum:39605}}|| {{formatnum:550}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caroní River|Caroní]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA131 ||'''[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2369}} ||{{formatnum:68788}} ||{{formatnum:936}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{r|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin}}{{refn|name=Essequibo|group=n|Essequibo above Cuyuni at [[Bartica]]; Average discharge 2,369 m³/s (1971–2000);}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters" /><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS132|| |[[Jialing River|'''Jialing''']]|| {{formatnum:2368}}|| {{formatnum:159180}}|| {{formatnum:1345}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA133 | |[[Cauca River|'''Cauca''']] || {{formatnum:2364}}|| {{formatnum:59840}}|| {{formatnum:1180}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA134 | |[[Red River of the South|'''Red River''']]|| {{formatnum:2349}}|| {{formatnum:241388}}|| {{formatnum:2189}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/arkansas-white-red?catid=2&Itemid=179|title=Arkansas White Red|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA135||'''[[Jacuí River|Jacuí]]''' | || {{formatnum:2327}}|| {{formatnum:82618}} || 800 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lagoa dos Patos]]||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Atlantic East Coastal">{{cite web|title=Atlantic East Coastal|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/SOUTH_AMERICA/ATLANTIC%20EAST%20COAST_COASTAL/index.html|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA136 | |[[Içana River|'''Içana''']] || {{formatnum:2279}}|| {{formatnum:35516}}|| {{formatnum:689}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA137 | |[[Anapu River|'''Anapu''']] || {{formatnum:2272}}|| {{formatnum:52495}} || {{formatnum:470}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Furo do Tajapuru]] ||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF138 | |[[Fimi River|'''Fimi''']]|| {{formatnum:2253}}|| {{formatnum:136175}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||{{refn|name=Fimi|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Fimi (main stem 190 km)–'''[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]''' (length 1,205 km, drainage area 69,259 km², average discharge 1,077 m³/s) → Total length 1,395 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF139|| '''[[Sanaga River|Sanaga]]''' | || {{formatnum:2223}}|| {{formatnum:134252}} || {{formatnum:1067}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Bight of Biafra ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS140|| '''[[Amu Darya]]''' | || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:798035}}|| {{formatnum:2620}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Aral Sea]] ||{{refn|name=Amu Darya|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point, above the outlet of the [[Karakum Canal]]; Source or headwater: Amu Darya (main stem 1,699 km)–'''[[Panj (river)|Panj]]''' (length 921 km, drainage area 116,799 km², average discharge 1,075 m³/s) → Total length 2,620 km;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Ecological Indicators|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111419|title=Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia|last1=Rashid|first1=Mahmood|last2=Shaofeng|first2=Jia|last3=Aifeng|first3=Lv|last4=Shahid|first4=Naeem|volume=178|year=2024|article-number=111419 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024EcInd.15811419M }}</ref><ref name="Amu-Darya - Chatly">{{cite web|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2917100.html|title=Amu-Darya - Chatly|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin">{{cite web|url= https://www.cawater-info.net/yearbook/2022/02_yearbook2022_en.htm|title=Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin|website=www.cawater-info.net}}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/DAM/env/water/publications/assessment/English/G_PartIV_Chapter3_En.pdf|title=Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF141|| |[[Aruwimi River|'''Aruwimi''']] || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:121163}}|| {{formatnum:1287}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS142|| '''[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]''' | || {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:191000}} || {{formatnum:1146}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Anadyr]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="water">[http://water-rf.ru/Водные_объекты/842/Анадырь «Вода России» – Анадырь]</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA143|| |[[Ventuari River|'''Ventuari''']]|| {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:40861}}|| {{formatnum:520}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA144 | |[[Curaray River|'''Curaray''']]|| {{formatnum:2155}}|| {{formatnum:26775}}|| {{formatnum:1011}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Napo River|Napo]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS145|| '''[[Krishna River|Krishna]]''' | || {{formatnum:2145}}|| {{formatnum:274596}} || {{formatnum:1300}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /><ref name="A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India">{{cite journal|journal=Current Science|url=https://www.academia.edu/65907676|title=A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India|last1=C. Prakash|first1=Babu|volume=118|doi=10.18520/cs/v118/i3/455-461|date=2020|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA146|| |[[Tennessee River|'''Tennessee''']] || {{formatnum:2140}}|| {{formatnum:105870}}|| {{formatnum:1049}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Tennessee">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tennessee?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Tennessee|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS147 | |[[Lohit River|'''Lohit''']] || {{formatnum:2138}}|| {{formatnum:29330}}|| {{formatnum:560}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA148 | |[[Tapauá River|'''Tapauá''']] || {{formatnum:2135}}|| {{formatnum:63185}}|| {{formatnum:745}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Purus River|Purus]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS149|| '''[[Mahanadi]]''' | || {{formatnum:2125}}|| {{formatnum:145260}} || 851 || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA150||'''[[Mobile River|Mobile]]'''–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' | || {{formatnum:2118}}|| {{formatnum:124158}} || {{formatnum:1263}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico ||{{refn|name=Mobile|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Mobile (main stem 72 km)–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' (main stem 512 km, drainage area 59,104 km², average discharge 1,023 m³/s)–'''[[Coosa River|Coosa]]''' (main stem 450 km, 26,364 km², 479 m³/s)–[[Oostanaula River|Oostanaula]] (main stem 79 km, 5,603 km², 117 m³/s)–[[Conasauga River|Conasauga]] (150 km, 1,880 km², 41 m³/s) → Total length 1,263 km;}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="South Atlantic Gulf">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/south-atlantic-gulf?catid=314&Itemid=563|title=South Atlantic Gulf|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS151|| |'''[[Olyokma]]'''|| {{formatnum:2110}}|| {{formatnum:209378}}|| {{formatnum:1436}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS152 | |[[Yuan River|'''Yuan''']]|| {{formatnum:2106}}|| {{formatnum:93287}}|| {{formatnum:864}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA153 | |[[Ji-Paraná River|'''Ji-Paraná''']] || {{formatnum:2100}}|| {{formatnum:76127}}|| {{formatnum:820}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.coc.ufrj.br/es/documents2/doutorado/2006-2/860-alfredo-ribeiro-neto-doutorado/file&ved=2ahUKEwj9k6rv5or9AhX_AxAIHbTFB7EQFnoECAkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw263SiaNJvrXCQt8VjBOQzr|title=SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA|first1=Carlos|last1=Vieira da Silva|first2=Carlos Eduardo|last2=Morelli Tucci|first3=José|last3=Almir Cirilo|first4=Luciene|last4=Pimentel da Silva|first5=Otto|last5=Corrêa Roturno Filho|first6=Benoit|last6=Le Guennec|date=2006}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF154 | |[[Lomami River|'''Lomami''']] || {{formatnum:2062}}|| {{formatnum:109080}}|| {{formatnum:1946}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF155 | |[[Lulonga River|'''Lulonga''']] || {{formatnum:2040}}|| {{formatnum:82952}}|| {{formatnum:926}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Lulonga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Lulonga (main stem 200 km)–'''[[Maringa River|Maringa]]''' (length 726 km, drainage area 32,799 km², average discharge 972 m³/s) → Total length 926 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS156 | |[[Gandaki River|'''Gandak''']] || {{formatnum:2025}}|| {{formatnum:46300}}|| {{formatnum:814}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA157||'''[[Maroni (river)|Maroni]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:66184}}|| 725 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System">{{cite web |url=https://wsag.unh.edu/Tools/html/RGISMain.html |title=Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System |website=wsag.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam">{{cite report|title=Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam|last=André|first=Calmont|publisher=Espaces tropicaux|date=2008|page=205-219|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/etrop_1147-3991_2008_act_19_10_1274}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC158|| '''[[Kikori River|Kikori]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:18863}}|| 445 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA159|| |[[Pachitea River|'''Pachitea''']] || {{formatnum:1992}}|| {{formatnum:28648}}|| 587|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS160 ||'''[[Yellow River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1990}} ||{{formatnum:988063}} ||{{formatnum:5778}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bohai Sea]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC161|| |[[Tariku River|'''Tariku''']]|| {{formatnum:1953}}|| {{formatnum:24664}}|| 488|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]||<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA162 | |[[Ottawa River|'''Ottawa''']]|| {{formatnum:1949}}|| {{formatnum:147406}}|| {{formatnum:1271}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[St. Lawrence River]]||<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS163 | |[[Podkamennaya Tunguska|'''Stony Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:1945}}|| {{formatnum:249000}}|| {{formatnum:1865}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF164 ||'''[[Cuanza River|Cuanza]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1944}} ||{{formatnum:163832}} ||960 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=South West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS165 ||'''[[Indigirka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1933}} ||{{formatnum:360400}} ||{{formatnum:1726}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[East Siberian Sea]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA166 ||'''[[Churchill River (Atlantic)|Churchill]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1931}} ||{{formatnum:93119}} ||856 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Labrador Sea]] |<ref name="North Atlantic Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Atlantic Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-atlantic-seaboard?catid=311&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA167|| |[[Caguán River|'''Caguán''']] || {{formatnum:1929}}|| {{formatnum:21276}}|| 596|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caquetá ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS168 | |[[Yalong River|'''Yalong''']]|| {{formatnum:1914}}|| {{formatnum:128444}}|| {{formatnum:1323}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU169 ||'''[[Rhône]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1900}} ||{{formatnum:99298}} ||812 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mediterranean Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA170 ||'''[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1897}} ||{{formatnum:124319}} ||{{formatnum:1130}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bering Sea]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA171 ||'''[[Saguenay River|Saguenay]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1894}} ||{{formatnum:87635}} ||{{formatnum:698}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Estuary of St. Lawrence]] |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS172 ||'''[[Min River (Fujian)|Min]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1870}} ||{{formatnum:60040}} ||577 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Taiwan Strait]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS173 | |[[Kopili River|'''Kopili''']]|| {{formatnum:1847}}|| {{formatnum:20068}}|| 341|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS174 ||'''[[Baram River|Baram]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1845}} ||{{formatnum:22325}} ||635 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology">{{cite report|url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/10312080_02.pdf|title=National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology|docket=Part 2 – Sabah and Sarawak|author=((The Government of Malaysia, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) )) |publisher=Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)|page=116|date=1982}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA175|| |[[Iguazu River|'''Iguaçu''']]|| {{formatnum:1836}}|| {{formatnum:67537}}|| {{formatnum:1320}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS176 | |'''Upper Lena''' || {{formatnum:1811}}|| {{formatnum:200700}}|| {{formatnum:1686}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||{{refn|name=Upper Lena|group=n|Lena River above Vitim River;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS177 | |[[Zeya (river)|'''Zeya''']] || {{formatnum:1807}}|| {{formatnum:232077}}|| {{formatnum:1242}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA178 ||'''[[Copper River (Alaska)|Copper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1794}} ||{{formatnum:67204}} ||480 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Alaska]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA179|| |[[Uatumã River|'''Uatumã''']] || {{formatnum:1790}}|| {{formatnum:68477}}|| 701|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA180 ||'''[[Courantyne River|Courantyne]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1780}} ||{{formatnum:67877}} ||725 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Courantyne Delta">{{cite web|url=https://sharkrayareas.org/wp-content/uploads/isra-factsheets/5SouthAmericanAtlantic/Courantyne-Delta-5SouthAmericanAtlantic.pdf|title=Courantyne Delta|website=sharkrayareas.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS181 ||'''[[Great Tenasserim River|Great Tenasserim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1778}} ||{{formatnum:19637}} ||616 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA182 ||'''[[Skeena River|Skeena]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1770}} ||{{formatnum:54432}} ||570 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Hecate Strait]] |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Pacific Ocean Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/pacific-ocean-seaboard?catid=312&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS183 ||'''[[Taz (river)|Taz]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1755}} ||{{formatnum:152086}} ||{{formatnum:1401}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS184 | '''[[Cagayan River|Cagayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1740}} ||{{formatnum:27753}} ||505 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF185|| |[[Sankuru River|'''Sankuru''']]|| {{formatnum:1738}}|| {{formatnum:149480}}|| {{formatnum:1285}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU186 | |'''[[Sava]]'''|| {{formatnum:1722}}|| {{formatnum:97713}}|| 992|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Danube]]||<ref name="Danube Flood Risk Management Plan">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/danube_flood_risk_managament_plan_-_update_2021_low_resolution.pdf|title=Danube Flood Risk Management Plan|author=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|page=174|isbn=978-3-200-08289-2|date=2021|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="The Sava River Basin Analysis Report">{{cite report|url=https://www.savacommission.org/UserDocsImages/05_documents_publications/water_management/eng/SavaRBMPlan//sava_river_basin_analysis_report_high_res.pdf|title=The Sava River Basin Analysis Report|author=International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC)|publisher=ISRBC|location=Zagreb (Croatia)|page=289|date=2009|website=www.savacommission.org }}</ref><ref name="Sava Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/sava-basin|title=Sava Basin|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="Danube" /><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA187 | |[[Roosevelt River|'''Roosevelt''']]|| {{formatnum:1711}}|| {{formatnum:59844}}|| 705|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS188 ||'''[[Kaladan River|Kaladan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1704}} ||{{formatnum:22611}} ||744 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |{{refn|name=Kaladan|group=n|Kaladan with [[Lemro River|Lemro]] and [[Mayu (river)|Mayu]] at Kaladan Delta: drainage area 40,000 km², average discharge 3,476 m³/s;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Bay of Bengal–West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/bay-of-bengale-west-coast?catid=271&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Environment management of a river in Myanmar">{{cite report|url=http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/13775|title=Environment management of a river in Myanmar|docket=Master of Technology, Conservation of Rivers and Lakes|last1=Kyaw|first1=Naing Oo|last2=Sunil|first2=Kumar Singal|publisher=Alternative Hydro Energy Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|location=Roorkee (India)|page=229|date=2012|website=www.shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU189 ||'''[[Dnieper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1700}} ||{{formatnum:531817}} ||{{formatnum:2201}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Black Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-black-sea-coast?catid=297&Itemid=550 |title=North Black Sea Coast|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS190|| |[[Wu River (Yangtze tributary)|'''Wu''']]|| {{formatnum:1698}}|| {{formatnum:86799}}|| {{formatnum:1150}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS191 | |'''[[Vilyuy]]'''|| {{formatnum:1683}}|| {{formatnum:454000}}|| {{formatnum:2650}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA192 | |[[Igapó-Açu River|'''Igapó-Açu''']]|| {{formatnum:1677}}|| {{formatnum:45792}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA193 | |[[Jamanxim River|'''Jamanxim''']]|| {{formatnum:1673}}|| {{formatnum:58001}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Tapajós ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA194 ||'''[[Stikine River|Stikine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1670}} ||{{formatnum:51316}} ||546 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS195|| |[[Dadu River|'''Dadu''']]|| {{formatnum:1670}}|| {{formatnum:90182}}|| {{formatnum:1076}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years" /><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS196 | |[[Manas River|'''Manas''']] || {{formatnum:1667}}|| {{formatnum:41350}}|| 400|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS197 | |[[Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)|'''Han''']]|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:165306}}|| {{formatnum:1577}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS198 | |'''[[Tonlé Sap]]'''|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:88254}}|| 147|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS199 | |[[Chenab River|'''Chenab''']] || {{formatnum:1637}}|| {{formatnum:175877}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Panjnad River|Panjnad]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS200 ||'''[[Đồng Nai River|Dông Nai]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1635}} ||{{formatnum:46858}} ||586 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Viet Nam Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Viet Nam Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/viet-nam-coast?catid=288&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF201|| |'''[[Blue Nile]]'''|| {{formatnum:1632}}|| {{formatnum:314458}}|| {{formatnum:1674}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Nile]]||<ref name="Nile River" /><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF202 | |'''[[Lowa (Kivu/Maniema)|Lowa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1625}}|| {{formatnum:52087}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS203 | |'''[[Ussuri]]'''|| {{formatnum:1620}}|| {{formatnum:195047}}|| 897|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA204 ||'''[[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan del Norte]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1614}}||{{formatnum:41659}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea ||{{refn|name=San Juan del Norte|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: San Juan del Norte (main stem 209 km)–[[Lake Nicaragua]] (Tipitapa inflow–San Juan del Norte outflow 177 km)–[[Tipitapa River|Tipitapa]] (main stem 34 km, drainage area 6,739 km², average discharge 95 m³/s)–[[Lake Managua]] (Río Grande inflow–Tipitapi outflow 50 km)–Río Grande (145 km, 1,730 km², 16.5 m³/s)–San Rafael del Norte (19 km)–Quebrada La Breiera (7 km) → Total 641 km;}}<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA205 ||'''[[Guayas River|Guayas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1606}} ||{{formatnum:37084}} ||689 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Guayaquil]] |<ref name="Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil">{{cite report|url=https://www.guayaquil.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/Documentos/Dragado/3)%20DRAGADO%20FULL%20CANAL%20ACCESO%20GYE%202012/Capitulo7%20CONDICIONESHIDRODINAMICASCANALACCESO/Capitulo7.pdf|title=Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil|docket=Fase II – Capitulo 7|author=Autoridad Portuaria de Guayaquil|publisher=Geoestudios, Consulsua|location=Guayaquil (Ecuador)|page=103|date=2012|website=guayaquil.gob.ec}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA206 ||'''[[Araguari River (Amapá)|Araguari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1604}} ||{{formatnum:43265}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS207|| |[[Yu River (Guangxi)|'''Yu''']]|| {{formatnum:1604}}|| {{formatnum:89677}}|| {{formatnum:1152}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Xun River|Xun]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA208 ||'''[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1600}} ||{{formatnum:94311}} ||588 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ungava Bay]] |{{refn|name=Koksoak|group=n|Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]; Source or headwater: Koksoak (main stem 137 km)–'''[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]''' (length 737 km, drainage area 48,959 km², average discharge 882 m³/s) → Total length 874 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA209|| |[[Tarauacá River|'''Tarauaçá''']] || {{formatnum:1573}}|| {{formatnum:54879}}|| 906|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Juruá ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS210 ||'''[[Kampar River|Kampar]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1570}} ||{{formatnum:24548}} ||580 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Strait of Malacca]] ||<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia">{{cite web |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/632681956/048026184e4466e2f517e3c5106989c9-pdf |title=Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2015_Pola%20PSDA%20Kampar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2015}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU211 ||'''[[Po (river)|Po]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1560}} ||{{formatnum:71057}} ||652 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Adriatic Sea]] ||<ref name="Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy)">{{cite journal |last1=Anna |first1=Gavioli |last2=Giuseppe |first2=Castaldelli |last3=Stefania |first3=Trasforini |last4=Cesare |first4=Puzzi |last5=Maria |first5=Pia Gervasio |last6=Tommaso |first6=Granata |last7=Daniela |first7=Colombo |last8=Elisa |first8=Soana |date=2024 |title=Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy) |journal=Environments |volume=11|issue=10 |page=226 |doi=10.3390/environments11100226 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Envi...11..226G }}</ref><ref name="The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios">{{cite journal |last1=Mauro |first1=Marini |last2=Federica |first2=Grilli |date=2023 |title=The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373155319 |journal=Applied Sciences |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=9267 |doi=10.3390/app13169267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA212|| |[[Dos Marmelos River|'''Dos Marmelos''']]|| {{formatnum:1557}}|| {{formatnum:27572}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS213 | |[[Bei River|'''Bei''']]|| {{formatnum:1543}}|| {{formatnum:47249}}|| 633|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pearl River]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA214 ||'''[[Guamá River|Guamá]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1542}} ||{{formatnum:49846}} ||{{formatnum:903}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guajará Bay]] |{{refn|name=Guamá|group=n|Average dischsrge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Guamá (main stem 83 km)–'''[[Capim River|Capim]]''' (main stem 639 km, drainage area 36,669 km², average discharge 777 m³/s)–[[Ararandeua River|Ararandeua]] (181 km, 10,834 km², 194 m³/s) → Total length 903 km;}}{{refn|name=Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin|group=n|Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin; Drainage area 87,390 km², average discharge 2,730 m³/s (period 1971 to 2006);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS215 ||'''[[Sittaung River|Sittaung]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1540}} ||{{formatnum:34265}} ||421 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Martaban]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA216|| |[[Paute River|'''Santiago''']]|| {{formatnum:1533}}|| {{formatnum:33098}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS217 ||'''[[Tigris]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1527}} ||{{formatnum:221327}} ||{{formatnum:1862}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Shatt al-Arab]] ||{{refn|name=Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin|group=n|Average discharge at Shatt al-Arab Delta 105.7 km³/year (1977–2018); Tigris–Euphrates drainage area 1,140,000 km²;}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Tigris–Euphrates |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tigris-euphrates?catid=359&Itemid=689|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|page=360-375|date=2019|issue=4 |article-number=106049 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU218|| |[[Usa (Pechora)|'''Usa''']] || {{formatnum:1514}}|| {{formatnum:91135}}|| 565|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Pechora||<ref name="Northern Europe" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS219 ||'''[[Karnaphuli]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1510}} ||{{formatnum:13965}} ||270 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |<ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast" /><ref name="Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh">{{cite report|url=https://www.academia.edu/127653621 |title=Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh|last=Arghya|first=Protik Chowdhury|publisher=Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)|page=17|date=2025|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA220|| |[[Vichada River|'''Vichada''']]|| {{formatnum:1502}}|| {{formatnum:27624}}|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA221 | |[[Unini River|'''Unini''']]|| {{formatnum:1501}}|| {{formatnum:27433}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA222 ||'''[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1485}} ||{{formatnum:56895}} ||{{formatnum:759}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] |{{refn|Length: Grijalva–Mezcalapa–[[Cuilco River|Cuilco]] 759 km; Average discharge, 1971–2000;|name=Grijalva|group=n}}{{r|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta" /><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS223|| |[[Liu River|'''Liu''']]|| {{formatnum:1472}}|| {{formatnum:58270}}|| 571|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Qian River|Qian]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA224 ||'''[[Papaloapan River|Papaloapan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1461}} ||{{formatnum:39885}} ||{{formatnum:354}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" | Gulf of Mexico ||<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /><ref name="Papaloapan–Jamapa">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papaloapan–Jamapa |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papaloapan-jamapa?catid=255&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA225 ||'''[[Patía River|Patía]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1453}} ||{{formatnum:23995}} ||430 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA226|| |[[Arkansas River|'''Arkansas''']]|| {{formatnum:1448}}|| {{formatnum:409027}}|| {{formatnum:2364}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA227 ||'''[[Susitna River|Susitna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1442}} ||{{formatnum:49470}} ||504 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Cook Inlet]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA228 ||'''[[Moose River (Ontario)|Moose]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1440}} ||{{formatnum:114729}} ||543 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC229 ||'''[[Bamu River|Bamu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1437}} ||{{formatnum:19346}} ||390 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS230 ||'''[[Qiantang River|Qiantang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1436}} ||{{formatnum:54349}} ||494 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |East China Sea |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="China Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Chine Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/china-coast?catid=225&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA231||'''[[Albany River|Albany]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1420}} ||{{formatnum:132800}} ||832 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS232|| |[[Black River (Asia)|'''Black River''']]|| {{formatnum:1419}}|| {{formatnum:57947}}|| 910|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS233 | '''[[Mendawai River|Katingan]]''' | | {{formatnum:1414}} | {{formatnum:19559}} | 616 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]] |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/globalmercuryproject.org/documents/non_country%20specific/Sat%20Imagery%20AGL%20Final%20Report.pdf|date=2007|last1=Kevin|first1=Telmer|last2=Daniel|first2=Stapper|publisher=University of Victoria|title=Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF234 ||'''[[Betsiboka River|Betsiboka]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1407}} ||{{formatnum:61893}} ||531 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Madagascar |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/madagascar?catid=322&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA235|| |[[Mazaruni River|'''Mazaruni''']]|| {{formatnum:1399}}|| {{formatnum:31705}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Cuyuní River|Cuyuní]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA236 | |[[Jamari River|'''Jamari''']]|| {{formatnum:1391}}|| {{formatnum:39977}}|| 478|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA237 | |[[Coari River|'''Coari''']]|| {{formatnum:1389}}|| {{formatnum:35588}}|| 599|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA238 ||'''[[Thelon River|Thelon]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1370}} ||{{formatnum:238839}} ||904 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Chesterfield Inlet]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA239|| |[[Demini River|'''Demini''']]|| {{formatnum:1358}}|| {{formatnum:39770}}|| 618|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS240 ||'''[[Narmada River|Narmada]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1350}} ||{{formatnum:95818}} ||{{formatnum:1289}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Khambhat]] |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS241 ||'''[[Indragiri River|Indragiri]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1339}} ||{{formatnum:22758}} ||500 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA242|| |'''[[Jauaperi River|Jauaperi]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:39824}}|| 592|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS243 | |'''[[Dibang River|Dibang]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:12503}}|| 324|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA244 | |[[Arinos River|'''Arinos''']] || {{formatnum:1332}}|| {{formatnum:58734}}|| 654|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Juruena River|Juruena]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU245 | |[[Oka (river)|'''Oka''']]|| {{formatnum:1327}}|| {{formatnum:244308}}|| {{formatnum:1520}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |Volga ||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS246 | |[[Huai River|'''Huai''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:172079}}|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF247 | |[[Mbomou River|'''Mbomou''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:168608}}|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF248 ||'''[[Tsiribihina River|Tsiribihina]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1316}} ||{{formatnum:49467}} ||430 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA249|| |[[Inambari River|'''Inambari''']]|| {{formatnum:1316}}|| {{formatnum:20160}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS250 | |[[Pranahita River|'''Pranahita''']]|| {{formatnum:1301}}|| {{formatnum:108513}}|| 682|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Godavari River|Godavari]]||<ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA251 | |[[Badajós River|'''Badajós''']] || {{formatnum:1300}}|| {{formatnum:21575}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS252 ||'''[[Pahang River|Pahang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1299}} ||{{formatnum:33924}} ||489 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS253|| |'''[[Uchur]]'''|| {{formatnum:1293}}|| {{formatnum:113000}}|| 812|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF254 ||'''[[Volta River|Volta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1290}} ||{{formatnum:412735}} ||{{formatnum:1600}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Africa - West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA255 | |[[Takutu River|'''Takutu''']]|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| {{formatnum:42528}}|| 371|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Branco River|Rio Branco]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS256 ||'''[[Sesayap River|Sesayap]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1275}} ||{{formatnum:18158}} ||279 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Celebes Sea |<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2022_Rencana%20PSDA%20WS%20Sesayap.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap|date=2022|website=www.sda.pu.go.id}}</ref><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA257 ||'''[[Oyapock]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1273}} ||{{formatnum:30869}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA258 | |[[Tanana River|'''Tanana''']] || {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:113959}}|| {{formatnum:1061}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yukon River|Yukon]]||<ref name="Yukon" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA259|| |[[Ituxi River|'''Ituxi''']]|| {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:43676}}|| 878|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Purus ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS260 | |[[Sone River|'''Son''']]|| {{formatnum:1245}}|| {{formatnum:70228}}|| 784|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS261 | |[[Kabul River|'''Kabul''']]|| {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:92572}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Indus ||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS262 | |[[Melawi River|'''Melawi''']] || {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:22586}}|| 471|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]||<ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA263 ||'''[[Doce River|Doce]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1241}} ||{{formatnum:90357}} ||977 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA264|| |[[Tambopata River|'''Tambopata''']]|| {{formatnum:1241}}|| {{formatnum:15540}}|| 390|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madre de Dios ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA265 | |'''[[Siapa River|Siapa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1238}}|| {{formatnum:22170}}|| 438|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Casiquiare canal|Casiquiare]]||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF266 | |[[Kwilu River|'''Kwilu''']]|| {{formatnum:1229}}|| {{formatnum:94663}}|| {{formatnum:1230}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kwango River|Kwango]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA267 | |[[Marié River|'''Marié''']]|| {{formatnum:1227}}|| {{formatnum:25266}}|| 800|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS268 | |[[Kheta (river)|'''Kheta''']] || {{formatnum:1223}}|| {{formatnum:100000}}|| 604|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS269 ||'''[[Taymyra]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1220}} ||{{formatnum:124000}} ||840 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Kara Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA270|| |[[Jari River|'''Jari''']] || {{formatnum:1214}}|| {{formatnum:51893}}|| 877|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS271 ||'''[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1210}} ||{{formatnum:212044}} ||{{formatnum:2292}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA272 ||'''[[Nottaway River|Nottaway]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1208}} ||{{formatnum:74326}} ||776 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF273 ||'''[[Chari River|Chari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1200}} ||{{formatnum:880000}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Lake Chad]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF274|| |[[Lindi River|'''Lindi''']]|| {{formatnum:1200}}|| {{formatnum:59568}}|| 797|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA275 ||'''[[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1199}} ||{{formatnum:72147}} ||715 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Chesapeake Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Mid Atlantic">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Mid Atlantic |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mid-atlantic?catid=309&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA276|| |[[Casanare River|'''Casanare''']]|| {{formatnum:1199}}|| {{formatnum:24013}}|| 415|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Meta River|Meta]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA277 | |'''[[Rivière des Rochers]]'''–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]'''|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:292497}}|| {{formatnum:1608}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Slave River|Slave]]||{{refn|name=Rivière des Rochers–Athabasca|group=n|Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Rivière des Rochers (main stem 48 km)–[[Lake Athabasca]] (Athabasca inflow–Rivière des Rochers outflow 22 km)–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]''' (length 1,538 km, drainage area 160,705 km², average discharge 784 m³/s) → Total length 1,608 km;}}<ref name="Mackenzie" /><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA278 | |[[Paranapanema River|'''Paranapanema''']]|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:101739}}|| 829|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA279|| |'''[[Isiboro River|Isiboro]]'''|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| {{formatnum:21117}}|| 505|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mamoré ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF280 ||'''[[Cavalla River|Cavally]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1192}} ||{{formatnum:30665}} ||844 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA281|| |'''[[Tefé River|Tefé]]''' || {{formatnum:1190}}|| {{formatnum:24269}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA282 ||'''[[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1189}} ||{{formatnum:54986}} ||673 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bay of Fundy]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS283|| |[[Maya (Aldan)|'''Maya''']] || {{formatnum:1188}}|| {{formatnum:171000}}|| {{formatnum:1053}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA284 ||'''[[São Gonçalo Channel]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1186}} ||{{formatnum:62250}} ||77 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Lagoa dos Patos |<ref name="Atlantic East Coastal" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS285 ||'''[[Kahayan River|Kahayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1178}} ||{{formatnum:16063}} ||658 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA286|| |[[Tomo River|'''Tomo''']] || {{formatnum:1169}}|| {{formatnum:20156}}|| 830|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC287 ||'''[[Ramu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1164}} ||{{formatnum:17823}} ||640 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bismarck Sea |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA288 ||'''[[Coatzacoalcos River|Coatzacoalcos]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1163}} ||{{formatnum:23956}} ||325 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico |<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA289 | |[[Curuçá River (Javari River tributary)|'''Curuçá''']]|| {{formatnum:1157}}|| {{formatnum:25549}}|| 766|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Javary ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS290 ||'''[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1141}} ||{{formatnum:111351}} ||{{formatnum:1024}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF291 || |[[Lomela River|'''Lomela''']]|| {{formatnum:1139}}|| {{formatnum:39655}}|| {{formatnum:881}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Busira River|Busira]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF292 ||'''[[Saint Paul River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1125}} ||{{formatnum:20317}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF293 ||'''[[Rufiji River|Rufiji]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1115}} ||{{formatnum:204639}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indian Ocean]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Central East Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Central East Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA294|| |[[Ibicuí River|'''Ibicuí''']]|| {{formatnum:1113}}|| {{formatnum:47203}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU295 ||'''[[Vistula]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1112}} ||{{formatnum:194424}} ||{{formatnum:1047}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gdańsk Bay]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF296|| |[[Ivindo River|'''Ivindo''']]|| {{formatnum:1112}}|| {{formatnum:63201}}|| 686|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS297 | |[[Tom (river)|'''Tom''']]|| {{formatnum:1110}}|| {{formatnum:59858}}|| 827|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Ob ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA298 | |[[Morona River|'''Morona''']]|| {{formatnum:1107}}|| {{formatnum:16962}}|| 785|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF299 ||'''[[Kouilou-Niari River|Kouilou]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:61707}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS300 ||'''[[Rokan River|Rokan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:20189}} ||447 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA301 ||'''[[Baker River (Chile)|Baker]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:26816}} ||182 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia">{{cite journal |last1=Alejandro |first1=Dussaillant-Jones |last2=Wouter |first2=Buytaert |last3=Claudio |first3=I. Meier |last4=Fabián |first4=Espinoza |date=2012 |title=Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |volume=57 |issue=8 |page=1530-1541 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2012.726993 |bibcode=2012HydSJ..57.1530D }}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA302|| |[[Willamette River|'''Willamette''']]|| {{formatnum:1099}}|| {{formatnum:28949}}|| 301|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Columbia ||<ref name="Columbia River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA303 | |[[Nhamundá River|'''Nhamundá''']]|| {{formatnum:1094}}|| {{formatnum:28609}}|| 617|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS304 ||'''[[Yana (river)|Yana]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1090}} ||{{formatnum:235457}} ||{{formatnum:1490}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF305 ||'''[[Benin River|Benin]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1084}} ||{{formatnum:49256}} ||300 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Benin]] |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA306|| |[[Ouachita River|'''Ouachita''']]|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| {{formatnum:62850}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Red River of the South|Red River]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS307 ||'''[[Chao Phraya River|Chao Phraya]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1077}} ||{{formatnum:188419}} ||{{formatnum:1207}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Thailand]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS308 | |[[Sekong river|'''Sekong''']]|| {{formatnum:1077}}|| {{formatnum:28792}}|| {{formatnum:480}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Srepok River|Srepok]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA309 | |'''[[Nanay River|Nanay]]'''|| {{formatnum:1073}}|| {{formatnum:16673}}|| 511|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS310 ||'''[[Seruyan River|Seruyan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1067}} ||{{formatnum:13329}} ||395 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS311 ||'''[[Sampit River|Sampit]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1064}} ||{{formatnum:14745}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU312 ||'''[[Don (river)|Don]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:458694}} ||{{formatnum:1950}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Sea of Azov]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF313 ||'''[[Sofia River|Sofia]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:29267}} ||328 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS314|| |[[Dong River (China)|'''Dong''']]|| {{formatnum:1056}}|| {{formatnum:33567}}|| 523|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pearl River ||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS315 | |[[Lô River|'''Lô''']]|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| {{formatnum:34809}}|| 470|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Red River ||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF316 | |'''[[Likouala-Mossaka]]'''|| {{formatnum:1054}}|| {{formatnum:71886}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA317 | |[[Tombigbee River|'''Tombigbee''']]|| {{formatnum:1052}}|| {{formatnum:52029}}|| 480|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mobile River|Mobile]]||<ref name="South Atlantic Gulf" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA318 | |[[Aguaytía River|'''Aguaytía''']]|| {{formatnum:1051}}|| {{formatnum:11353}}|| 374|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS319 ||'''[[Kamchatka (river)|Kamchatka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1049}} ||{{formatnum:54104}} ||758 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF320|| |[[Momboyo River|'''Momboyo''']]|| {{formatnum:1045}}|| {{formatnum:44211}}|| {{formatnum:827}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ruki River|Ruki]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF321 ||'''[[Moa River|Moa]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1044}} ||{{formatnum:19560}} ||475 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU322|| |[[Belaya (Kama)|'''Belaya''']]|| {{formatnum:1042}}|| {{formatnum:141609}}|| {{formatnum:1430}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Kama (river)|Kama]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS323 | |[[Trishuli River|'''Trishuli''']]|| {{formatnum:1032}}|| {{formatnum:19918}}|| 362|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gandaki River|Narayani]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA324 | |[[Erebato River|'''Erebato''']]|| {{formatnum:1030}}|| {{formatnum:11074}}|| {{formatnum:195}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|Caura]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación" /><ref name="Scientia Guaianae" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA325 | |[[White River (Arkansas–Missouri)|'''White River''']]|| {{formatnum:1028}}|| {{formatnum:71743}}|| {{formatnum:1162}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS326 ||'''[[Euphrates]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1027}} ||{{formatnum:765831}} ||{{formatnum:3000}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Shatt al-Arab ||{{refn|name=Euphrates|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point (32.4 km³/year, 1977–2018). The Euphrates River drainage basin, including the surrounding desert and semi-desert areas (such as the [[Syrian desert]] and parts of the [[Arabian Desert]] regions), covers approximately 765,831 km²; Source or headwater: Euphrates (main stem 2,278 km)–'''[[Murat River|Murat]]''' (length 722 km, drainage area 44,851 km², average discharge 404 m³/s) → Total length 3,000 km;}}{{r|group=n|Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates" /><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA327|| |[[Pacajá River|'''Pacajá''']]|| {{formatnum:1025}}|| {{formatnum:26438}}|| 634|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Anapu River|Anapu]]||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA328 ||'''[[Coco River|Coco]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1024}} ||{{formatnum:26952}} ||841 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA329 ||'''[[Catatumbo River|Catatumbo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:22317}} ||338 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lake Maracaibo]] |<ref name="La geografía del agua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA330 ||'''[[Baudó River|Baudó]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:5964}} ||316 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA331 ||'''[[Manicouagan River|Manicouagan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1020}} ||{{formatnum:45908}} ||{{formatnum:221}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Estuary of St. Lawrence |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS332|| |[[Shweli River|'''Shweli''']]|| {{formatnum:1020}}|| {{formatnum:22908}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU333|| |'''[[Northern Dvina|Little Northern Dvina]]'''|| {{formatnum:1018}}|| {{formatnum:85822}}|| {{formatnum:648}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Northern Dvina]]||{{refn|name=Little Northern Dvina|group=n|Northern Dvina above [[Vychegda]]; Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Little Northern Dvina (main stem 74 km)–'''[[Yug]]''' (length 574 km, drainage area 36,204 km², average discharge 516 m³/s) → Total length 648 km;}}<ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="About the Northern Dvina River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF334 | |'''Upper Zambezi'''|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:170010}}|| {{formatnum:690}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Zambezi]]||<ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis" /><ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS335 | |[[Mun River|'''Mun''']]|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:119868}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA336 ||'''[[Esmeraldas River|Esmeraldas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1011}} ||{{formatnum:19796}} ||210 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA337 ||'''[[Biobío River|Biobío]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1008}} ||{{formatnum:24264}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA338|| |[[Wabash River|'''Wabash''']]|| {{formatnum:1007}}|| {{formatnum:85177}}|| 810|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Ohio" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF339 | |[[Ngounié River|'''Ngounié''']]|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| {{formatnum:32637}}|| 680|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué ||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA340 ||'''[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:344112}} ||{{formatnum:1344}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA341 ||'''[[Nushagak River|Nushagak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:35396}} ||497 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bering Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Hilinga man == * [[Lista kan mga salog sa laba]] * [[Lista kan mga salo pagwawa|Lista kan mga watershed]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa E.U. uyon sa kusog nin pagdalihig]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa Indya sa pagbulos]] [[Kategorya:Mga salog]] t9zhgm71qm31cnijapl3vwsb0fi2jvx 311134 311133 2026-10-01T07:20:09Z River.discharge 32199 /* */ 311134 wikitext text/x-wiki Lista ini kan mga salog susog sa saindang rikas nin pagdalihig. Idto sanang mga salog na may pagbulos dai mababa sa 1,000 metro kubiko por segundo an mga nakaag sa listahan. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="6" align="center"|[[Continent]] color key |- |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|[[Africa]] |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia]] |bgcolor="#CCFF66"|[[Oceania]] |bgcolor="#FFCCFF"|[[Europe]] |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America]] |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="5" align="center"|[[Ocean]] color key |- |bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Atlantic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Pacific Ocean]] |bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Indian Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Arctic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF8DC"|[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic]] |} {| class="sortable col1right col4right col5right col6right" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#ffffff;font-size:90%;" |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align:center;font-size:105%;" ! rowspan="2" | No ! colspan="2" | River name ! rowspan="2" | Average<br />discharge<br />(m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Drainage<br />area<br />(km²) ! rowspan="2" | Length<br />(km)<br /> ! rowspan="2" | Outflow ! rowspan="2" | Notes, references |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align: center;font-size:105%;" !Primary !Tributary |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America|SA]]1|| '''[[Amazon River|Amazon]]''' ||| {{formatnum:209000}}|| {{formatnum:6020438}} || {{formatnum:6575}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Amazon|group=n|The Amazon is the '''largest river in the world by discharge'''. Average discharge at near mouth 209,000 m³/s (period 1973 to 1990); [[River source|Source or headwater]]: Amazon and [[Solimões River|Solimões]] ([[Main stem|main stem]] 3,837 km)–'''[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]''' (main stem 1,668 km; drainage area 352,304 km²; average discharge at [[Requena, Loreto|Requena]] 12,200 m³/s, and 12,600 m³/s at near mouth, 1981–2020)–'''[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]''' (main stem 158 km; 131,726 km²; 2,892 m³/s)– '''[[Ene River|Ené]]''' (main stem 181 km; 108,767 km²; 2,046 m³/s)–'''[[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]''' (main stem 666 km; 64,734 km²; 1,050 m³/s)–Hornillos (65 km) → Total length 6,575 km (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]); The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazon branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The Rio Pará estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. If Amazon with Rio Pará considered as a water system, the catchment area is 6,925,674 km² (according to ''ANA''), the total discharge averages at [[Amazon Delta]] 223,700 m³/s (or 220,800 m³/s for the period 1973–1990, according to ''HyBAM'').}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien">{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=Hydrologie du bassin amazonien|date=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale |publisher=Belin }}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras">{{cite report|url=https://www.snirh.gov.br/portal/snirh/centrais-de-conteudos/conjuntura-dos-recursos-hidricos/regioeshidrograficas2014.pdf|title=Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras|docket=Edição Especial|author=Agéncia Nacional de Águas (ANA)|publisher=Superintendência de Planegiamento de Recursos Hídricos (SPR)|page=163|isbn=978-85-8210-027-1|date=2015|website=www.snirh.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}</ref><ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=43&catid=191&Itemid=179|title=Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America">{{cite journal|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|doi=10.1029/GB003i003p00241|url=https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241|last1=Charles J.|first1=Vörösmarty|last2=Berrien|first2=Moore III|last3=Annette L.|first3=Grace|last4=M. Patricia|first4=Gildea|last5=Jerry M.|first5=Melille|last6=Bruce|first6=Peterson|last7=Edward|first7=B. Rastetter|last8=Paul|first8=A. Steudler|title=Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America|date=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=241–265|bibcode=1989GBioC...3..241V |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2007">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Avijit|title=Large rivers: geomorphology and management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC&pg=PA31|accessdate=18 April 2011|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-84987-3|page=31}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538940902746082|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|last1=S.|first1=Liu|last2=P.|first2=Lu|last3=D.|first3= Liu|last4=P.|first4=Jin|last5=W.|first5=Wang|page=80-87|volume=2|issue=1|date=2009 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.ufpa.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/d60fc02c-cfb2-43ca-82e8-a1c8b040224c/content|title=Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte|last=Ishihara|first=Júnior Hiroyuki|publisher=Dados Internacionais de Catalogação de publicação (CIP), Biblioteca do NAEA/UFPA|location=Belém (Pará, Brazil)|date=2015|page=246|website=repositorio.ufpa.br}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |[[Africa|AF]]2|| '''[[Congo River|Congo]]''' | || {{formatnum:41400}}|| {{formatnum:3712316}}|| {{formatnum:5118}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Congo (Zaire)|group=n|Average discharge at [[Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Banana]] (near mouth) 1,308 km³/year, at [[Kinshasa]] and [[Brazzaville]] 40,500 m³/s (1902–2021). The Congo is the '''second or third largest river in the world by discharge'''. Source or headwaters: Congo (main stem 2,300 km)–'''[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]''' (above [[Boyoma Falls]] at [[Kisangani]]–Luvua River mouth main stem 978 km – total length 2,074 km, drainage area 969,518 km², average discharge 7,640 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa">{{cite journal|journal=Water|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2613|title=Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa|last1=Laraque|first1=Alain|last2=Moukandi N'kaya|first2=Guy D.|page=36|year=2020|volume=12|issue=9|doi=10.3390/w12092613|bibcode=2020Water..12.2613L|doi-access=free}}</ref>–'''[[Luvua River|Luvua]]''' (main stem 388 km, 263,090 km², 644 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Mweru]] (Luapula inflow–Luvua outflow 116 km)–'''[[Luapula River|Luapula]]''' (main stem 555 km – total length 918 km, 173,709 km², 754 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Bangweulu]] and [[Bangweulu Wetlands]] (Chambeshi inflow–Luapula outflow 110 km)–'''[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]''' (671 km, 60,425 km², 447 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/> → Total length 5,118 km;}}<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|date=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}</ref><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3|number=6|pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D}}</ref><ref name="Congo River">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/congo?catid=215&Itemid=0 |title=Congo River |last=Eric |first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrology|url=http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf|title=Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries|last1=Pavla|first1=Pekárová|last2=Pavol|first2=Miklánek|last3=Ján|first3=Pekár|page=62-79|date=2003 |volume=274 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00397-9 |bibcode=2003JHyd..274...62P }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA3|| '''[[Orinoco]]''' | || {{formatnum:39000}}|| {{formatnum:1014797}}|| {{formatnum:3010}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Orinoco|group=n|Average discharge at [[Orinoco Delta]], 1983–2020; The Orinoco is the '''third or fourth largest river in the world by discharge'''; Source or headwater: Orinoco (lower and middle Orinoco main stem 1,250 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 2,140 km;)–'''[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]''' (main stem 1,220 km, drainage area 151,607 km², average discharge 7,529 m³/s – period 1926 to 2011)–'''[[Guayabero River|Guayabero]]''' (540 km, 24,346 km²; 986 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref> → Total length 3,010 km;}}<ref name="XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos">{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|date=2022}}</ref><ref name="La geografía del agua">{{cite book|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael |first1=Córdova |last2=Marcelo González |first2=Sanabria|last3=Arnoldo|first3=José Gabaldón|publisher=Fundación Empresas Polar|date=2015|isbn=978-980-379-354-8|page=103-140}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/orinoco?catid=10&Itemid=0|title=Orinoco|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia|AS]]4||'''[[Yangtze]]''' | || {{formatnum:31900}}|| {{formatnum:1949515}}||{{formatnum:6236}}||bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[East China Sea]]||{{refn|name=Yangtze|group=n|Average discharge at [[Yangtze Delta]] 995.8 km³/year, period 1955–2021; Source or headwater: Yangtze (main stem 2,767 km)–'''[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]''' (main stem 2,290 km; drainage area 471,454 km²; average discharge 5,069 m³/s)–'''[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]''' (main stem 813 km; 139,955 km²; 427 m³/s)–[[Dangqu River|Dangqu]] (366 km; 31,254 km²; 196 m³/s) → Total length 6,236 km;}}<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=222&catid=373&Itemid=179|title=Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR">{{cite book |last1=Walter |first1=Gellert |title=KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR |last2=Rainer |first2=Gärtner |last3=Herbert |first3=Küstner |last4=Gerald |first4=Wolf |date=1987 |orig-date=1st pub. 1957 |publisher=VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig |isbn=963-281-740-0}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA5|| |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|'''Rio Negro''']] || {{formatnum:30641}} || {{formatnum:765335}} || {{formatnum:2362}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]||{{refn|name=Rio Negro|group=n|Average discharge at [[Manaus]] 30,641 m³/s, 1979–2015 (28,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwaters: Rio Negro (main stem 1,700 km)–'''[[Guanía River|Guainía]]''' (length 662 km, drainage area 31,284 km², average discharge 2,433 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010"/> → Total length 2,362 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM">{{cite report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650if_/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM|work=Relatório Técnico RT 03–Diagnóstico, prognóstico e cenários futuros dos recursos hídricos do estado–Tomo II|last=Adejalmo|first=Figueiredo Gazen|publisher=Governo do Estado do Amazonas, Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente (SEMA)|date=2019}}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin">{{cite journal|title=Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin|last1=Emilio|first1=Mayorga|last2=Miles G.|first2=Longsdon|last3=Maria Victoria|first3=R. Ballester|last4=Jeffrey E.|first4=Richey|journal=Journal of Hydrology |year=2005|volume=315 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–182 |doi=10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2005.03.023|s2cid=8107631 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA6 | |[[Madeira River|'''Madeira''']] || {{formatnum:30173}}|| {{formatnum:1322782}}|| {{formatnum:3518}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Madeira|group=n|Average discharge 30,173 m³/s, 1979–2015 (31,200 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Madeira (main stem 1,450 km)–'''[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]''' (main stem 1,042 km – total length 1,298 km, drainage area 633,613 km²; average discharge 7,743 m³/s)–'''[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Río Grande o Guapay]]''' (820 km; 106,396 km²; 727 m³/s)–[[Caine River|Caine]] (119 km)–[[Rocha River|Rocha]] (69 km)–Mailanco (18 km) → Total length 3,518 km; The Madeira is thus one of the '''three longest tributaries in the world''', along with the [[Irtysh]] and the [[Missouri River|Missouri]]. The confluence of the '''Madeira''' River estuary with the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] is a complex process. The Amazon River acts as a dam, carrying four times as much water despite its almost flat fall. Furthermore, the Madeira River has a significant [[sediment load]] (450×10⁶ ton/year). This is the same as the Amazon River, despite its lower volumetric flow, and is deposited where the current slows down. The Madeira River estuary is therefore a type of [[Estuary|delta]] that extends for more than 300 km along the southern coast of the Amazon. A western branch, the ''Parana Madeirinha'', branches off the main riverbed 200 km upstream of the estuary. This branch is fed by a major tributary, the [[Igapó-Açu River|Igapó-Açu]]. It flows into the Amazon River 12 km upstream of the main riverbed of the Madeira River. A 450 km long eastern branch, the ''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'' (also known as the ''Paraná do Ramos''), branches off from the main river 100 km from the mouth and flows eastward parallel to the Amazon River. This branch isolates the large [[Tupinambarana]] island (area 11,850 km²), which is actually made up of four swampy islands surrounded by the river to the south and by branches of the Amazon to the north. It is fed by several tributaries: the [[Canumã River|Canumã]], the [[Abacaxis River|Abacaxis]], the [[Maués Açu River|Maués Açu]] and the [[Mamuru River|Mamuru]] Rivers. The Paraná do Urariá (or Paraná do Ramos) joins the Amazon near the city of [[Parintins]], 310 km downstream from the mouth of the main river Madeira. If these two branches and the tributaries that flow into them are added to the Madeira River, the total [[Drainage basin|drainage area]] 1,496,852 km², and the average [[Discharge regime|discharge]] exceeds 35,000 m³/s. This makes the Madeira the most abundant of the tributaries, surpassing major rivers such as the [[Yangtze]] (and only slightly behind the discharge of the [[Orinoco]] River), and the '''fifth largest river in the world''' in terms of discharge.}}<ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/medio-ambiente/recursos-hidricos-cuadros-estadisticos|title=Recursos Hídricos - INE|website=www.ine.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)">{{cite web|url= https://datos.siarh.gob.bo/biblioteca/406|title=Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)|website=datos.siarh.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia">{{cite report |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers10-12/010020120.pdf |title=Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia |last1=Michel-Alain |first1=Roche |last2=Carlos |first2=Fernandez Jauregui |last3=Angel |first3=Aliaga Rivera |last4=Jorge |first4=Peña Mendez |last5=Edgar |first5=Salas Rada |last6=José Luis |first6=Montaño Vargas |publisher=UNESCO, ORSTOM, ORCYT |location=La Paz (Bolívia), Montevideo (Uruguay) |isbn=92-9089-029-0 |date=1992}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS7|| [[Brahmaputra River|'''Brahmaputra''']] | ||27,000 || 641,964|| {{formatnum:3848}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Padma River|Padma]], [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]], [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{refn|name=Brahmaputra|group=n|Entire Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra and Upper Meghna Basin; Average discharge 850 km³/year (Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra 700 km³/year, Upper Meghna 150 km³/year – period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: Lower Meghna (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Jamuna (main stem 337 km)–Brahmaputra (main stem 738 km)–'''Siang or Dihang''' (main stem 294 km; drainage area 256,374 km²; average discharge 5,037 m³/s)–'''[[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Yarlung Tsangpo]]''' (main stem 2,229 km; 241,691 km²; 2,899 m³/s) → Total length 3,848 km;<ref name="The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau">{{cite journal|journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260524184_The_impact_of_climate_change_on_runoff_in_the_Yarlung_Tsangpo_River_basin_in_the_Tibetan_Plateau|title=The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau|last1=Li|first1=Fapeng|last2=Xu|first2=Zongxue|last3=Liu|first3=Wenfeng|last4=Zhang|first4=Yongqiang|doi=10.1007/s00477-013-0769-z|volume=28|pages=517–526|date=2014}}</ref>}}{{refn|name=Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin|group=n|The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna is the '''second largest river in the world by discharge'''. Between 1990 and 2020, about 1,350 km³/year (period from 1921 to 1985: 43,704 m³/s) of freshwater flowed into the [[Bay of Bengal]] through the [[Ganges Delta]]. This includes the amount of water diverted from the Ganges at [[Farakka Barrage]] and flowing out through the mouth of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. This combined river (total drainage area 1,731,334 km²) system delivers '''the largest amount of sediment in the world''' to the Bay of Bengal. Sediment load to some estimates, 1,840–2,177 million tons per year.<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR" />}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020|last1=Hanquan|first1=Yang|last2=Tianshen|first2=Mei|last3=Xiaoyan|first3=Chen|volume=16|number=2|doi=10.3390/rs16020396|doi-access=free|date=2024 |page=396 |bibcode=2024RemS...16..396Y }}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ganga-ganges-brahmaputra?catid=219&Itemid=0|title=Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios">{{cite journal|journal=Environmental Research Letters|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac8ca1|last1=Anne|first1=Gädeke|last2=Michel|first2=Wortmann|last3=Christoph|first3=Menz|last4=Saiful|first4=Islam|last5=Muhammad|first5=Masood|last6=Valentina|first6=Krysanova|last7=Stefan|first7=Lange|last8=Fred|first8=Fokko Hattermann|title=Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios|date=2022|volume=17|number=9|bibcode=2022ERL....17i4036G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|doi=10.3390/rs11050501|last1=Biswa|first1=Bhattacharya|last2=Maurizio|first2=Mazzoleni|last3=Reyne|first3=Ugay|title=Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products|date=2019|volume=11|issue=5|page=501 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019RemS...11..501B }}</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |url-access=subscription|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.001|title=Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers|last1=Xiang|first1=Huang|last2=Mika|first2=Sillanpää|last3=Egil|first3=T. Gjessing|last4=Rolf|first4=D. Vogt|publisher=ELSEVIER|location=Oslo (Norway), Lhasa (China), Mikkeli (Finland)|url=https://www.academia.edu/14442737|volume=407|issue=24|pages=6242–6254|issn=0048-9697|date=2009|journal=Science of the Total Environment |pmid=19783282 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.6242H }}</ref><ref name="The Restless River">{{cite report|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471631520173475/pdf/The-Restless-River-Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra-Jamuna.pdf|title=The Restless River|docket=Yarlung Tsangpo–Siang–Brahmaputra–Jamuna|last1=Ganesh|first1=Pangare|last2=Bushra|first2=Nishat|last3=Xiawei|first3=Liao|last4=Halla|first4=Maher Qaddumi|publisher=World Bank Group, United Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|location=Washington (United States)|page=428|date=2021|website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America|NA]]8||'''[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]''' | || {{formatnum:21300}} ||{{formatnum:3265753}}|| {{formatnum:6084}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Mexico]]||{{refn|name=Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi with [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]; Average discharge at [[Mississippi Delta]] 673 km³/year (Mississippi 474, Atchafalaya 199 km³/year), 1981–2021; Source or headwater: Mississippi (lower and middle Mississippi main stem 1,954 km)–'''[[Missouri River|Missouri]]''' (main stem 3,726 km, drainage area 1,376,180 km², average discharge 2,778 m³/s)–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]] (134 km, 24,915 km², 69 m³/s)–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]] (111 km, 12,318 km², 41 m³/s)–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]] (113 km, 4,092 km², 16 m³/s)–[[Hell Roaring Creek]] (46 km, 441 km², 4 m³/s) → Total length 6,084 km;<ref name="Missouri">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/missouri?catid=320&Itemid=637|title=Missouri|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data">{{cite web |url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dvstat/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=07289000&amp;por_07289000_79165=1872479,00060,79165,2008-01-01,2022-09-29&amp;format=html_table&amp;stat_cds=mean_va&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |title=Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data |date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|doi-access=free|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|number=19|page=3044 |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}</ref><ref name="Lower Mississippi">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/lower-mississipi?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Lower Mississippi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)">{{cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/mississippiatchafalaya-river-basin-marb|title=The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)|date=March 24, 2015|website=epec.gov}}</ref><ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin">{{cite report|last1=Donald A.|first1=Goolsby|last2=William A.|first2=Battaglin|last3=Gregory B.|first3=Lawrence|last4=Richard S.|first4=Artz|last5=Brent T.|first5=Aulenbach|last6=Richard P.|first6=Hooper|last7=Dennis R.|first7=Keeney|last8=Gary J.|first8=Stensland|title=Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin|url=http://rcn.montana.edu/Resources/LRES555/Final_Exam/CENRreport.pdf|publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5164/|title=Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007|last1=William A.|first1=Battaglin|last2=Brent T.|first2=Aulenbach|last3=Aldo|first3=Vecchia|last4=Herbert T.|first4=Buxton|publisher=USGS}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS9||'''[[Yenisei]]''' | || {{formatnum:20200}}|| {{formatnum:2588752}}|| {{formatnum:5816}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Yenisei|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 637 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Yenisei (lower and middle main stem 2,249 km)–'''[[Angara]]''' (main stem 1,849 km; drainage area 1,069,040 km²; average discharge 4,530 to 5,250 m³/s)–[[Lake Baikal]] (Selenga inflow–Angara outflow 238 km)–'''[[Selenga]]''' (main stem 1,024 km; 447,060 km²; 964 m³/s)–[[Ider River|Ider]] (456 km; 24,555 km²; 65 m³/s) → Total length 5,816 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|doi-access=free|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917|pmid=34824255|pmc=8617260|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://arcticgreatrivers.org/rivers|title=Arctic Great Rivers Observatory|website=arcticgreatrivers.org}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=217&catid=367&Itemid=179|title=Siberian Basins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean">{{cite report|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/60722.pdf|title=A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean|last1=V. V.|first1=Gordeev|last2=J. M.|first2=Martin|last3=I. S.|first3=Sidorov|last4=M. V.|first4=Sidorova|publisher=American Journal of Science (AJS)|location=Moscow (Russia), Tiksi Sakha (Yakutiya, Russia), Ispra (Italy)|volume=296|pages=664–691|date=1996|website=www.ajsonline.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA10||[[Paraná River|'''Paraná''']] | || {{formatnum:19706}}|| {{formatnum:2630667}}|| {{formatnum:4352}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Río de la Plata]]||{{refn|name=Paraná|group=n|The average discharge of the Paraná River at the [[Paraná Delta]] (19,706 m³/s), covers a 40-year period (1971–2010); Drainage area 2,630,667 km²; Source or headwater: Paraná (main stem 2,897 km)–'''[[Rio Grande (Paraná River tributary)|Rio Grande]]''' (length 1,455 km; drainage area 143,656 km²; average discharge 2,435 m³/s) → Total length 4,352 km; The common estuary of the Paraná and [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] rivers is the [[Río de la Plata|La Plata]]. The La Plata is about 327 km total length (inner fluvial zone 225 km). Its drainage basin is 3,182,064 km² (basin size with endorheic area 4,144,000 km²). It is estimated that about 27,225 m³/s of freshwater flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the estuary (1971–2010). Some consider the La Plata to be a river, others a bay.}}<ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT">{{cite report|url=https://cicplata.org/es/documentos-principales|title=Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT|website=www.cicplata.org|author=Comité Intergubernamental Coordinator (CIC)|publisher=CIC, Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment (UN), Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Organización of American States (OAS)|location=Buenos Aires (Argentina), Piso (Paraguay)|isbn=978-987-4187-01-7|page=308|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata">{{cite report|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca2141en/CA2141EN.pdf|title=Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata|author=FAO AQUASTAT|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)|location=Rome (Italy)|page=18|date=2016|website=www.openknowledge.fao.org}}</ref><ref name="La Plata (Parana)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/la-plata-parana?catid=336&Itemid=0|title=La Plata (Parana)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS11|| '''[[Lena River|Lena]]''' | || {{formatnum:18300}}|| {{formatnum:2492004}} || {{formatnum:4692}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Laptev Sea]]||{{refn|name=Lena|group=n|Average discharge at Lena Delta 581 km³/year, period from 1984 to 2018; Source or headwaters: Lena (lower and middle Lena main stem 2,714 km)–'''[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]''' (main stem 1,837 km, drainage area 234,219 km², average discharge 2,379 m³/s)–Vitimkan (141 km) → Total length 4,692 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kalugin|first1=A. S.|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|journal=Water Resources|date=1 October 2018|volume=45|issue=1|pages=102–111|doi=10.1134/S0097807818050366|bibcode=2018WRes...45S.102K|s2cid=134779637}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA12|| |[[Japurá River|'''Japurá''']] || {{formatnum:18122}}|| {{formatnum:276812}}|| {{formatnum:2816}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA13 | |[[Marañón River|'''Marañón''']] || {{formatnum:17400}}|| {{formatnum:364873}}|| {{formatnum:1905}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Marañón|group=n|Average discharge at San Regis, 1981–2020 (16,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Hydrologic source of Amazon River (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]);}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability">{{cite journal|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|title=The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability|last1=Claire|first1=F. Beveridge|last2=Jhan-Carlo|first2=Espinoza|last3=Simone|first3=Athayde|last4=Sandra|first4=Bibiana Correa|last5=Thiago|first5=B. A. Couto|last6=Sebastian|first6=A. Heilpern|last7=Clinton|first7=N. Jenkins|last8=Natalia|first8=C. Piland|last9=Renata|first9=Utsunomiya|last10=Sly|first10=Wongchuig|last11=Elizabeth|first11=P. Anderson|doi=10.1073/pnas.2306229121|volume=121|date=2024|number=22 |article-number=e2306229121 |doi-access=free |pmid=38722826 |pmc=11145265 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12106229B }}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón">{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/36155977|title=Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón|last=José|first=Serra Vega|page=75|date=2017|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)">{{cite journal|url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12543/1063|title=Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)|journal=Autoridad Nacional del Agua|date=1980|hdl=20.500.12543/1063}}</ref><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)">{{cite report|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/355773780/ANA-Cuenca-Maranon|title=Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)|author-link=ANA–Cuenca Marañon|publisher=Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA), INCLA (IC)|page=629|date=2015}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS14||'''[[Mekong]]''' | || {{formatnum:16010}}|| {{formatnum:773728}} || {{formatnum:4909}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[South China Sea]]||<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP|website=geftwap.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans">{{cite journal|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/29205|title=Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans|last1=Meybeck|first1=M.|last2=Ragu|first2=A.|website=epic.awi.de |date=1997 }}</ref><ref name="Mekong River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mekong-river?catid=190&Itemid=780|title=Mekong River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/mrcmekong.org/download/fmmp-reports/2A_HydrologicalHazards_LMB_21Dec2009.pdf|title=Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin|work=The Flood Management and Mitigation Programme, Component 2: Structural Measures & Flood Proofing in the Lower Mekong Basin|author=The Mekong River Comission (MRC)|publisher=Deltares, Royal Haskoning, UNESCO IHE|location=Delft (Nederland)|page=324|volume=2|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions">{{cite report|url=https://repository.unescap.org/items/b585c464-6f49-4cdb-8de3-b67d2cbebdef|title=A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions|docket=Water resources series|author=UN.ECAFE|publisher=United Nations (UN), Economic Comission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)|location=Bangkok (Thailand), New York (United States)|page=74|date=1966|website=repository.unescap.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use">{{cite report|url=https://repository-uat.unescap.org/items/f0b6dee2-349b-441f-baf9-35a542af4fab/full|title=Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use|author=Economic and Social Comission for Asia the Pacific (ESCAP)|publisher=United Nations (UN)|location=New York (United States), Bangkok (Thailand)|page=323|isbn=92-1-119705-8|issn=0082-8130|number=74|date=1995|website=repository-uat.unescap.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS15|| '''[[Ganges]]''' | ||{{formatnum:15800}} || {{formatnum:1089370}}|| {{formatnum:2704}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Padma, [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{r|group=n|Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin}}{{refn|name=Ganges|group=n|Average discharge 500 km³/year (period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]] (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Padma Ganges (main stem 236 km)–Ganges or Ganga (main stem 2,013 km)–[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] (length 205 km, drainage area 6,921 km², average discharge 258 m³/s) → Total length 2,704 km;}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020"/><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra"/><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios"/><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS16||'''[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]''' | || {{formatnum:15400}}|| {{formatnum:411516}} || {{formatnum:2288}} ||bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Andaman Sea]]||{{refn|name=Irrawaddy|group=n|Average discharge at [[Irrawaddy Delta]] 486 km³/year; Source or headwater: Irrawaddy (main stem 1,997 km)–'''[[N'Mai River|N'Mai]]''' (main stem 352 km, 24,337 km², 1,383 m³/s)–Khakabo Razi (57 km) → Total length 2,288 km;}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|date=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans"/><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/irrawaddy-ayeyarwaddy?catid=275&Itemid=780|title=Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="cbsharma">{{cite book|author=Webersik|first=Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nufdUc0Ps0C|title=Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges|publisher=Praeger|date=2010|isbn=9780313380075|pages=45}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS17||'''[[Ob]]''' | || {{formatnum:13100}}|| {{formatnum:3023973}} || {{formatnum:5525}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Gulf of Ob]]||{{refn|name=Ob|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 414 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Ob (lower Ob main stem 1,277 km)–'''[[Irtysh]]''' (main stem 3,576 km; drainage area 1,691,000 km²; average discharge 2,995 m³/s, period 1971–2000)–'''Black Irtysh''' (or Kara Irtysh; 672 km; 53,000 km², 354 m³/s) → Total length 5,525 km;<ref name="The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions">{{cite report|title=The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions|url=https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/a7f/EDB_2025_Irtysh_Report_ENG.pdf|last1=Evgeny|first1=Vinokurov|last2=Arman|first2=Ahunbaev|last3=Stanislav|first3=Chuyev|last4=Asset|first4=Adakhayev|last5=Tulegen|first5=Sarsembekov|publisher=Eurasian Development Bank (EDB)|location=Almaty (Kazakhstan)|page=54|date=2025|website=eabr.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA18|| |'''[[Tapajós]]'''|| {{formatnum:12800}}|| {{formatnum:492263}}|| {{formatnum:2291}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Tapajós|group=n|Average discharge at [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] 12,800 m³/s, 1985–2018 (13,540 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tapajós (main stem 810 km)–'''[[Teles Pires]]''' (or São Manoel – length 1,481 km, drainage area 141,987 km², 3,961 m³/s) → Total length 2,291 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|title=A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin|last1=Marcos|first1=Heil Costa|last2=Carlos|first2=Henrique C. Oliveira|last3=Ricardo|first3=G. Andrade|last4=Thiago|first4=R. Bustamante|last5=Fabrício|first5=A. Silva|last6=Michael|first6=T. Coe|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2000JD000309|doi=10.1029/2000JD000309|pages=6–9|volume=107|issue=20|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8039C }}</ref><ref name="Long‐term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001JD000740|title=Long-term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin|last1=Michael|first1=T. Coe|last2=Marcos|first2=Heil Costa|last3=Aurélie|first3=Botta|last4=Charon|first4=Birkett|volume=107|issue=20|doi=10.1029/2001JD000740|pages=11–17|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8044C }}</ref><ref name="UHE São Manoel">{{cite report|url=https://www.saomanoelenergia.com.br/sites/edpbrsaomanoel/files/documentos_oficias_-_eia_uhe_sao_manoel_-_volume_2.pdf|title=UHE São Manoel|docket=Usina Hidrelétrica São Manoel|publisher=Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA)|author=Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE)|volume=2|page=231|date=2008|website=saomanoelenergia.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas">{{cite book|url=https://www.ana.gov.br/arquivos/institucional/sge/CEDOC/Catalogo/2013/planoEstrategicoDeRecursos.pdf|last1=Ney|first1=Maranhão|last2=Laura|first2=Tillmann Viana|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Carlos André|first4=Cascelli|last5=Alessandro|first5=Mendes|last6=Raphael|first6=Guimarães|last7=Bárbara|first7=de Castro|last8=Danúzia|first8=Queiroz|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|date=2012|isbn=978-85-89629-91-1|title=Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas}}</ref><ref name="The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil">{{cite journal|journal=Agrarian and Biological Sciences|doi=10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553|url=https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32553|volume=11|date=2022|last1=Guilherme|first1=Augusto Borge|last2=Gabriel|first2=Mancilla|last3=Auberto José|first3=Barros Siqueira|last4=Maurício|first4=Vancine|last5=Milton|first5=Cezar Ribeiro|last6=João|first6=Carlos de Souza Maia|title=The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil|number=10 |pages=e448111032553 }}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/><ref name="Lynch2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|title=The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters|first=Christine|last=Lynch|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528103830/http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|archive-date=2014-05-28}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|NA19||'''[[St. Lawrence River|St Lawrence River]]''' | || {{formatnum:12500}} || {{formatnum:1057304}}|| {{formatnum:3058}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Gulf of St. Lawrence]]||{{refn|name=St. Lawrence River|group=n|St. Lawrence River at [[Quebec City]]: average discharge (1968–2023) 12,500 m³/s, drainage basin 1,057,304 km², length 3,058 km (source to [[L'Islet, Quebec|L' Islet]]); St. Lawrence River at [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|Pointe-des-Monts]] Lighthouse: length 3,380 km, drainage basin 1,266,642 km², average discharge 17,600 m³/s (1969–2023); Source or headwater: St. Lawrence River (main stem 646 km – main stem with estuary 968 km)–[[Lake Ontario]] (Niagara inflow–St. Lawrence River outflow 311 km)–'''[[Niagara River|Niagara]]''' (length 58 km; drainage area 684,000 km²; average discharge 5,885 m³/s)<ref name="One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission">{{cite report|url=https://www.ijc.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/135.pdf|title=One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission|author=International Niagara Board of Control|publisher=International Joint Comission|location=Cincinnati (Ohio, United States), Burlington (Ontario, United States),Washington D.C. (United States), Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)|website=www.ijc.org|page=30|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Niagara Falls Info">{{cite web|url=https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/niagara-geological-areas/drianage-of-the-niagara-river|title=Niagara Falls Info|website=www.niagarafallsinfo.com |date=3 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04216000/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060--874388869|title=Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels">{{cite web|url=https://www.glc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2013-glc-annual-mackey.pdf|title=Great Lakes Water Levels|website=Great Lakes Comission|date=2016}}</ref>–[[Lake Erie]] (Detroit inflow–Niagara outflow 385 km)–'''[[Detroit River|Detroit]]''' (45 km; 595,052 km²; 5,324 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|url=https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/lec/research/be/docs/manning%20et%20al%202013.pdf|title=Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie|last1=Nathan|first1=F. Manning|last2=Christine|first2=M. Mayer|last3=Jonathan|first3=M. Bossenbroek|last4=Jeff|first4=T. Tyson|publisher=IAGLR, ELSEVIER|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.010|pages=295–302|volume=39|issue=2|date=2013 |bibcode=2013JGLR...39..295M }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04165710/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060-0|title=Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation">{{cite web|url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/349df482f78b401f8726b49ec185bd2e|title=The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation|website=storymaps.arcgis.com |date=5 February 2025 }}</ref>–[[Lake St. Clair]] (St. Clair River inflow–Detroit outflow 53 km)–'''[[St. Clair River]]''' (65 km; 583,509 km²; 5,200 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="The St. Clair River Area of Concern">{{cite web|url=https://www.friendsofstclair.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/St-Clair-River-AOC-Canadian-RAP-Implementation-Committee-2007-2010-Work-Plan-Summary-of-Accomplishments.pdf|title=The St. Clair River Area of Concern|website=www.friendsofstclair.ca}}</ref><ref name="Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering|title=Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984|url=https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1986/19860008.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:12(1182)|last1=Jan|first1=A. Derecki|last2=Frank|first2=H. Quinn|publisher=ASCE Manager of Journals|volume=112|issue=12|pages=1182–1194|date=1986|via=www.glerl.noaa.gov}}</ref>–[[Lake Huron]] (St. Marys River inflow–St. Clair River outflow 440 km)–'''[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|St. Marys River]]''' (120 km; 211,833 km²; 2,177 m³/s)<ref name="Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04127885/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-30208-0|title=Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" />–[[Lake Superior]] (St. Louis River inflow–St. Marys River outflow 616 km)–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis River]] (309 km; 9,410 km²; 147 m³/s)–[[North River (Minnesota)|North River]] (10 km) → Total length 3,058 km (with estuary 3,380 km);}}<ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">{{cite report|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|docket=Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences 378|last1=Peter|first1=Stewart Galbraith|last2=Joël|first2=Chassé|last3=Jean-Luc|first3=Shaw|last4=Jacqueline|first4=Dumas|last5=Marie-Noëlle|first5=Bourassa|publisher=Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada|location=Québec (Canada)|page=91|date=2024|isbn=978-0-660-71996-2|issn=1488-5417|website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/st-lawrence-great-lakes?catid=316&Itemid=563|title=St Lawrence–Great Lakes|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="rna">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. {{ISBN|978-0-12-088253-3}}. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS20||'''[[Amur]]''' | || {{formatnum:12360}}|| {{formatnum:2129700}} || {{formatnum:5498}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Strait of Tartary]]||{{refn|name=Amur|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 390 km³/year (2002–2020); Source or headwater: Amur (main stem 2,874 km)–'''[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]''' (main stem 965 km – Argun with Hailar total length 1,620 km, drainage area 300,977 km², average discharge 409 m³/s)–Dalan Orom (Xinkai) and [[Hulun Lake]] (Kherlen inflow–Dalan Orom outflow 94 km)–'''[[Kherlen River|Kherlen]]''' (1,565 km, 238,600 km², 54 m³/s) → Total length 5,498 km;}}<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|doi-access=free|volume=15|number=20|last=Andrey|first=Andreev|date=2023|page=4984|bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite report|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|publisher=Ecosystems Ltd., WWF |location=Vladivostok (Russia), Hong Kong, Beijing (China), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Washington (United States)|page=442|isbn=978-988-17227-1-3|date=2008|website=www.feu.awsassets.panda.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA21|| [[Tocantins River|'''Tocantins''']] | || {{formatnum:11800}}|| {{formatnum:777308}}|| {{formatnum:3100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Pará River|Rio Para]] ||{{refn|name=Tocantins|group=n|Average discharge 11,800 m³/s (1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tocantins (lower Tocantins main stem 473 km)–'''[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]''' (length 2,627 km, drainage area 386,073 km², average discharge 6,420 m³/s) → Total length 3,100 km; The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazonas branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the Tocantins River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The total length of the Rio Pará and Tocantins system is 2,850 km from the source of the [[Maranhão River|Maranhão]] River, and 3,100 km from the source of the [[Araguaia River|Araguaia]] River. Its total drainage area is approximately 1 million square kilometers. The Rio Para estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. It receives less water from the smaller northern tributaries originating on Marajó Island. The southern inflows are much more significant: the Anapu, the [[Pacajá River|Pacajá]], the [[Jacundá River (Pará)|Jacundá]], the Tocantins–Araguaia system, the [[Guamá River|Guamá]]–[[Capim River|Capim]] with its [[Acará River|Acará]]–[[Moju River (Acará)|Moju]] tributaries. Of these, the Tocantins is considered a separate water system from the Amazon. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. The annual average discharge of the Pará River (Rio Pará) before the mouth of the Tocantins River is approximately 10,000 m³/s. Of this, about 6,000 m³/s comes from the Amazon through the ''Breves Channel'' and the Furo do Tajapuru branch. The estuarine system of the Rio Pará and Tocantins is extremely complex. The discharge of the Tocantins fluctuates greatly seasonally. In drier periods, the Amazon River contributes to the discharge through the Breves Channel, so the average discharge of the entire estuary system can reach 21,000–26,000 m³/s at the Atlantic mouth;<ref name="Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil">{{cite journal |last1=Aquino |first1=Samia |last2=Latrubesse |first2=Edgardo |last3=Bayer |first3=Maximiliano |title=Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil |journal=Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis |date=2009 |volume=16 |number=2 |pages=119–128 |url=https://www.lajsba.sedimentologia.org.ar/index.php/lajsba/article/view/111}}</ref><ref name="A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system">{{cite journal |last1=Prestes |first1=Yuri Onça |last2=Borba |first2=Thais Angélica da Costa |last3=Silva |first3=Alex Costa da |last4=Rollnic |first4=Marcelo |title=A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |year=2020 |volume=28 |article-number=100668 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100668 |s2cid=213143882 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="The Estuary">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/the-estuary|title=The Estuary|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref><ref name="Marajó Bay">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/marajo-bay|title=Marajó Bay|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Tocantins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tocantins?catid=345&Itemid=0|title=Tocantins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras"/><ref name="Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins">{{cite web|title=Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins|url=https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br/sala-de-situacao/tocantins/boletins-tocantins-diario/boletim_13_tocantins_publica-1763991289.62.pdf|author=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|website=www.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese">{{cite report|url=https://biblioteca.ana.gov.br/sophia_web/Acervo/Detalhe/3357|title=Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese|last1=João Gilberto|first1=Lotufo Conejo|last2=José Luiz|first2=Gomes Zoby|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Eraldo|first4=Peres|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|location=Brasília (Brazil)|page=256|isbn=978-85-89629-55-3|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="Boletim Goiano de Geografia">{{cite report|url= https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4785584.pdf|doi=10.5216/bgg.v19i1.15341|title=Boletim Goiano de Geografia|work=The Araguaia–Tocantins Fluvial Basin|last1=José|first1=C. Stevaux|last2=Edgardo|first2=M. Latrubesse|last3=M.|first3=Bayer|last4=R.|first4=Prado|publisher=IESA-UFG|location=Federal University of Goiás (Brazil)|pages=120–127|volume=19|date=1999}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA22|| |[[Purus River|'''Purus''']] || {{formatnum:11207}}|| {{formatnum:378762}}|| {{formatnum:3361}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022">{{cite report|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1877/libro.pdf|title=Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022|last1=Dante|first1= Carhuavilca Bonett|last2=Anibal|first2=Sánchez Aguilar|last3=José Luis|first3=Robles Franco|last4=Javier|first4=Vásquez Chihuán|last5=Rosa|first5=Blas Alcántara|last6=Eliana|first6=Quispe Calmett|last7=Felixalberto|first7=Lavado Romani|last8=Ana|first8=Huauya Tacza|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INERI)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=557|date=2022|website=www.inei.gob.pe}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS23|| '''[[Pearl River|Pearl]]''' | || {{formatnum:10700}}|| {{formatnum:442527}} || {{formatnum:2400}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||{{refn|name=Pearl River|group=n|Average discharge at [[Pearl River Delta]] 336 km³/year (1953–2017); Source or headwater: Pearl River (main stem length 177 km)–'''[[Xi River|Xi]]''' (main stem 210 km; drainage area 338,899 km²; average discharge 7,420 m³/s)–'''[[Xun River|Xun]]''' (172 km, 314,096 km², 6,645 m³/s)–'''[[Qian River|Qian]]''' (121 km, 186,660 km², 3,901 m³/s)–'''[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]''' (670 km, 125,626 km², 2,381 m³/s)–'''[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]''' (950 km, 50,560 km², 685 m³/s) → Total length 2,400 km;}}<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|doi=10.3390/su11185007|doi-access=free|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|volume=11|number=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019 |page=5007 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}</ref><ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|title=Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center|publisher=Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2012-11-08|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203044933/http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|archivedate=2013-02-03 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF24|| |[[Kasai River|'''Kasai''']]|| {{formatnum:10457}}|| {{formatnum:884376}}|| {{formatnum:2272}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï">{{cite web |url=https://www.crrebac.org/blog/professeur-raphael-tshimanga-phd-hydrologie-2/conception-dun-reseau-optimal-de-suivi-hydrometeorologique-et-climatique-du-bassin-versant-de-kasai-120 |title=Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï |last=Dr. Raphael |first=M. Tshimanga |date=2019 |website=www.crrebac.org}}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA25||'''[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]''' | || {{formatnum:9910}}|| {{formatnum:1801938}}|| {{formatnum:4241}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Beaufort Sea]]||{{refn|name=Mackenzie|group=n|Average discharge at Mackenzie Delta 310 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Mackenzie (main stem 1,749 km)–[[Great Slave Lake]] (Slave inflow–Mackenzie outflow 135 km)–'''[[Slave River|Slave]]''' (main stem 434 km, drainage area 616,400 km², 3,451 m³/s)–'''[[Peace River|Peace]]''' (1,521 km, 306,000 km², 2,225 m³/s)–'''[[Finlay River|Finlay]]''' (402 km, 43,271 km², 680 m³/s) → Total length 4,241 km;}}<ref name="The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study">{{cite report|url=https://www.math.ualberta.ca/~bowman/clembowman.info/PDFs/Chapter8-June12.pdf|title=The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study|last=F. Pierre|first=Gingras|publisher=University of Alberta|pages=137–150|date=2013|website=www.math.ualberta.ca}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Mackenzie">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mackenzie?catid=308&Itemid=563|title=Mackenzie|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA26|| |[[Beni River|'''Beni''']]|| {{formatnum:9741}}|| {{formatnum:281367}}|| {{formatnum:1619}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madeira River|Madeira]]||{{refn|name=Beni|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth (period from 1968 to 1982); Source or headwater: Beni (main stem 1,178 km)–Alto Beni (main stem 178 km, drainage area 31,240 km², average discharge 637 m³/s)–[[Cotacajes River|Cotacajes]] (main stem 125 km, 8,310 km², 121 m³/s)–[[Sacambaya River|Sacambaya]] (37 km)–[[Ayopaya River|Ayopaya]] (40 km)–[[Leque River|Leque]] (37 km)–[[Tallija River|Tallija]] (24 km) → Total length 1,619 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE"/><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)"/><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA27 | |[[Xingu River|'''Xingu''']] || {{formatnum:9298}}|| {{formatnum:509685}}|| {{formatnum:2324}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Xingu|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1972–2003 (9,680 m³/s, period 1973 to 1990); Source or headwater: Xingu (main stem 1,640 km)–'''[[Culuene River|Culuene]]''' (length 684 km, 29,560 km², average discharge 543 m³/s) → Total length 2,324 km;}}<ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /><ref name="Lynch2012" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF28|| '''[[Niger River|Niger]]''' | || {{formatnum:8630}}|| {{formatnum:2273946}} || {{formatnum:4184}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Guinea]]||<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book|url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm|title=The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management|last1=Inger|first1=Andersen|last2=Ousmane|first2=Dione|last3=Martha|first3=Jarosewich-Holder|last4=Jean-Claude|first4=Olivry|last5=Katherin|first5=George Golitzen|isbn=9780821362037|date=2005|publisher=World Bank }}</ref><ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |date=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA29|| |[[Putumayo River|'''Putumayo''']]|| {{formatnum:8520}}|| {{formatnum:120545}}|| {{formatnum:2005}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |[[Europe|EU]]30|| '''[[Volga]]''' | || {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:1466717}}|| {{formatnum:3700}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Caspian Sea]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report">{{cite report|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=The Volga River Basin Report|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|publisher=UNESCO, UNEP, International Sediment Initiative|location=Moscow (Russia)|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="Volga">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/volga?catid=226&Itemid=550|title=Volga|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA31|| |[[Ohio River|'''Ohio''']]|| {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:528202}}|| {{formatnum:2102}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]||{{refn|name=Ohio|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1951–1996; Source or headwater: Ohio (main stem 1,579 km)–'''[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]''' (length 523 km, drainage area 30,247 km², average discharge 580 m³/s) → Total length 2,102 km;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= Leeden |first= Frits van der |author2= Fcrimson L. Troise |author3= David Keith Todd |title= The Water Encyclopedia |edition= 2nd |year= 1990 |publisher= Lewis Publishers |location= Chelsea, Mich. |isbn= 0-87371-120-3 |page= [https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 126] |url= https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 }}</ref><ref name="Ohio">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ohio?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Ohio|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA32||'''[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]''' | || {{formatnum:8058}}|| {{formatnum:271807}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caribbean Sea]]||{{refn|name=Magdalena|group=n|Average discharge at [[Calamar, Bolívar|Calamar]], 1991–2020;}}<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua|title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/magdalena-cauca?catid=337&Itemid=0|title=Magdalena–Cauca|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA33|| '''[[Columbia River|Columbia]]''' | || {{formatnum:7478}}|| {{formatnum:724025}} || {{formatnum:2250}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pacific Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Columbia|group=n|Average discharge at [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]] 236 km³/year (period from 1979 to 2015); Source or headwater: Columbia (lower and middle Columbia main stem 515 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 1,954 km;)–'''[[Snake River|Snake]]''' (length 1,735 km, drainage area 260,939 km², average discharge 1,756 m³/s) → Total length 2,250 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Columbia River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/columbia?catid=184&Itemid=563|title=Columbia River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior">{{cite web|url=https://portoflewiston.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Appendix-U.pdf|title=Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy Liermann|last3=Dynesius|first3=Mats|last4=Revenga|first4=Carmen|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.1107887|date=2005|volume=308|issue=5720|pages=405–408|pmid=15831757|bibcode=2005Sci...308..405N|s2cid=34820022}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS34|| |'''Middle Ob'''|| {{formatnum:7428}}|| {{formatnum: 1040000}}|| {{formatnum:3061}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ob]]||{{refn|name=Middle Ob|group=n|Ob River above Irtysh River; Average discharge 7,428 m³/s (1971–2000); Drainage area 1,040,000 km²; Source or headwater: Middle and Upper Ob (main stem 2,373 km)–'''[[Katun (river)|Katun]]''' (length 688 km, drainage area 60,900 km², average discharge 652 m³/s) → Total length 3,061 km;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA35|| [[Uruguay River|'''Uruguay''']] | || {{formatnum:7058}}|| {{formatnum:353451}}|| {{formatnum:2408}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Río de la Plata ||{{refn|name=Uruguay|group=n|Average discharge at [[Nueva Palmira]], 1971–2010; Source or headwater: Uruguay (main stem 1,838 km)–'''[[Canoas River|Canoas]]''' (length 570 km, drainage area 14,884 km², average discharge 309 m³/s) → Total length 2,408 km;}}<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA36|| '''[[Yukon River|Yukon]]''' | || {{formatnum:7000}}|| {{formatnum:861461}}|| {{formatnum:3185}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Norton Sound]]||<ref name="Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta">{{cite book |url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf |title=Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta |last1=Douglas |first1=J. Martin |last2=Clifford |first2=J. Whitmus |last3=Lon |first3=E. Hachmeister |date=1987}}</ref><ref name="Yukon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=145&catid=315&Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yukon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994204/pdf/wri994204.pdf|title=Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada|last1=Timothy|first1=P. Brabets|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|page=114|date=2000|website=pubs.usgs.gov}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA37|| |[[Napo River|'''Napo''']]|| {{formatnum:6800}}|| {{formatnum:103308}}|| {{formatnum:1130}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Napo|group=n|Average discharge at Bellavista, 1981–2020;}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/10462866|title=Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo|last=Laborde|first=Jorge Lopez|date=January 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS38|| '''[[Salween River|Salween]]''' | || {{formatnum:6691}}|| {{formatnum:283500}}|| {{formatnum:3289}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|number=9|date=2020|article-number=e2020JF005554 |issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B}}</ref><ref name="Salween (Nu river)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/salween-nu-river?catid=282&Itemid=780|last=Eric|first=Tilman|title=Salween (Nu river)|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/><ref name="Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future">{{cite report|url=https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:81d5fdd6-0adb-456b-ba27-902f76fd70f1|title=Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future|last=Rens|first=Hasman|publisher=Deltares, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)|location=Delft (Netherlands)|page=215|date=2014|website=repository.tudelft.nl}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1467|last1=Aoyang|first1=He|last2=Jiangcheng|first2=Huang|last3=Zhengbao|first3=Sun|last4=Jingyi|first4=Zhou|last5=Cheng|first5=Yang|doi=10.3390/rs15051467|doi-access=free|page=16|volume=15|issue=5|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |[[Oceania|OC]]39|| '''[[Fly River|Fly]]''' | || {{formatnum:6500}}|| {{formatnum:73809}}|| {{formatnum:1050}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Papua]]||<ref name="Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño">{{cite journal |journal=Geophysical |title=Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JF000669 |last1=Andrea |first1=S. Ogston |last2=Richard |first2=W. Sternberg |last3=Charles |first3=A. Nittrouer |last4=D. Preston |first4=Martin |last5=Miguel |first5=A. Goñi |last6=John |first6=S. Crockett |volume=113 |page=18 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000669 |date=2008 |number=F1 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S11O}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region">{{cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11017/211 |title=Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region |last1=David |first1=Lawrence |last2=Tim |first2=Cansfield-Smith |date=1990 |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |hdl=11017/211 |isbn=978-0-642-12028-1 }}</ref><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/wiki/Main_Page|title=DFO – Flood Observatory|website=floodobservatory.colorado.edu}}</ref><ref name="The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment">{{cite report|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6969|title=The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)|publisher=IUCN|location=Gland (Switzerland)|page=86|isbn=978-2-8317-0236-0|website=portals.iucn.org}}</ref><ref name="Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River">{{cite report|url=https://nesptropical.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NESP-Project-2.2.1-Final-Report.pdf|title=Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River|last=Jane|first=Waterhouse|publisher=Tropical Water Quality (TWQ), National Environmental Science Program (NESP), Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited (RRRC)|location=James Cook University, Town (Australia)|page=184|isbn=978-1-925514-27-8|date=2018}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU40|| '''[[Danube]]''' | || {{formatnum:6452}}|| {{formatnum:801463}}|| {{formatnum:2850}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Black Sea]]||<ref name="Danube">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179 |title=Danube |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers of Europe">{{cite book|url=https://www.jcerni.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/camaro-d/192%20The%20Danube%20River%20Basin.pdf|title=Rivers of Europe|chapter=The Danube River Basin|last1=Klement|first1=Tockner|last2=Christopher|first2=T. Robinson|last3=Urs|first3=Uehlinger|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-369449-2|doi=10.1016/B978.0-12-369449-2.X0001-X|pages=59–112|date=2009 |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/second-assessment-transboundary-rivers-lakes-and-groundwaters#|title=Drainage basin of the Black Sea|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis">{{cite conference |url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html |conference=6th Water Resources and Wetlands 2023–Eco friendly meeting: Tulcea (Romania) |title=The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis |last1=Petre |first1=Gâștescu |last2=Petre |first2=Bretcan |last3=Elena |first3=Tuchiu |publisher=Romanian Limnogeographical Association (RLA) |location=Tulcea, Călăraşi, Bucharest (Romania) |page=16 |issn=2285-7923 |date=2023 |website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)">{{cite report|url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/8/32944.pdf|title=Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)|last=Bondar|first=Constantin|publisher=National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar)|location=Bucharest (Romania)|page=13|website=www.osce.org|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime">{{cite report|url=https://www.limnology.ro/water2012/Proceedings/001.pdf|title=The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime|last1=Gâştescu|first1=Petre|last2=Țuchiu|first2=Elena|docket=Water resources and wetlands: Conference Proceedings|location=Tulcea, Romania|editor-first1=Petre|editor-last1=Gâştescu|editor-first2=William |editor-last2=Lewis William Jr|editor-first3=Petre|editor-last3=Breţcan|date=2012|isbn=978-606-605-038-8|page=18|website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Buletin hidrologic zilnic">{{cite report|url=https://www.hidro.ro/bulletin_type/buletin-hidrologic-zilnic|title=Buletin hidrologic zilnic|docket=Diagnoza și prognoza pentru Dunăre|author=Institutul Nacional de Hidrologie și Gospodărire a Apelor (I. N. H. G. A.)|publisher=I.N.H.G.A.|location=Bucharest (Romania)|website=www.hidro.ro}}</ref><ref name="TNMN Yearbooks">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/tnmn-yearbooks|title=TNMN Yearbooks|docket=Water Quality in the Danube River Basin|last=Igor|first=Liska|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA41 || |[[Madre de Dios River|'''Madre de Dios''']]|| {{formatnum:6372}}|| {{formatnum:125287}}|| {{formatnum:1210}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Beni River|Beni]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE" /><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS42|| '''[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]''' | || {{formatnum:6012}}|| {{formatnum:94457}}|| {{formatnum:1143}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |doi=10.1002/2016JG003701 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380 |last1=Ting-Hsuan |first1=Huang |last2=Chen-Tung |first2=Arthur Chen |last3=Hsiao-Chun |first3=Tseng |last4=Jiann-Yuh |first4=Lou |last5=Shu Lun |first5=Wang |last6=Liyang |first6=Yang |last7=Selvaraj |first7=Kandasamy |last8=Xuelu |first8=Gao |last9=Jough-Tai |first9=Wang |last10=Edvin |first10=Aldrian |last11=G.S. |first11=Jacinto |last12=Gusti Z. |first12=Anshari |last13=Penjai |first13=Sompongchaiyakul |last14=B.J. |first14=Wang |title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS |date=May 2017 |s2cid=135024272 |volume=122 |number=5 |pages=1239–1259}}</ref><ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/kalimantan-borneo?catid=277&Itemid=780 |title=Kalimantan–Borneo |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA43|| |[[Juruá River|'''Juruá''']]|| {{formatnum:6004}}|| {{formatnum:190573}}|| {{formatnum:3283}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF44 | |[[Ubangi River|'''Ubangi''']] || {{formatnum:5936}}|| {{formatnum:651915}}|| {{formatnum:2350}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ubangi|group=n|Average discharge, 1911–1983; Source or headwater: Ubangi (main stem 1,046 km)–'''[[Uele River|Uele]]''' (main stem 864 km, drainage area 140,155 km², average discharge 1,468 m³/s)–[[Kibali River|Kibali]] (440 km, 22,380 km², 175 m³/s) → Total length 2,350 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin">{{cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764|doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |year=2018 |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=Da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 }}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA45 | |[[Meta River|'''Meta''']] || {{formatnum:5694}}|| {{formatnum:106733}}|| {{formatnum:1100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Orinoco]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS46|| '''[[Indus River|Indus]]''' | || {{formatnum:5589}}|| {{formatnum:1143101}}|| {{formatnum:3600}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Arabian Sea]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Indus">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indus?catid=220&Itemid=0|title=Indus|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya">{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7|chapter=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India|title=Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya|series=Society of Earth Scientists Series|date=2015|last1=Khan|first1=Abul A.|last2=Pant|first2=Naresh C.|last3=Goswami|first3=Anuj|last4=Lal |first4=Ravish|last5=Joshi|first5=Rajesh|pages=67–84|isbn=978-3-319-13742-1}}</ref><ref name="The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River">{{cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/74/15/the-geographical-and-traditional-sources-of-the-indus-river|title=The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River|last=Seregei|first=Balalaev|date=2026|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS47|| |[[Aldan (river)|'''Aldan''']] || {{formatnum:5501}}|| {{formatnum:717203}}|| {{formatnum:2273}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Lena River|Lena]]||<ref name="Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires">{{cite book|doi=10.3390/ECWS-3-05801|doi-access=free|last1=Evgenii|first1=I. Ponomarev|last2=Tatiana|first2=V. Ponomarev|title=Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires|chapter=Response of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires |date=2018|volume=7|number=1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA48 | |[[Branco River|'''Rio Branco''']]|| {{formatnum:5300}}|| {{formatnum:192393}}|| {{formatnum:1454}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]||{{refn|name=Rio Branco|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1980–2006; Source or headwater: Rio Branco (main stem 802 km)–'''[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]''' (length 652 km, drainage area 49,630 km², average discharge 1,500 m³/s) → Total length 1,454 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional">{{cite report|url=https://www.agbbauru.org.br/publicacoes/revista/anoXXV_2/agb_xxv_2_web/agb_xxv_2-14.pdf|title=Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional|last1=Thiago|first1=Moratode Carvalho|last2=Rúbson|first2=Pinheiro Maia|last3=Carlos|first3=Sander|publisher=Ciência Geográfica, Associação dos Geografos Brasileiro — Seção Bauru|location=Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidade Federal do Ceará|pages=657–681|volume=15|date=2021|website=www.agbbauru.org.br}}</ref><ref name="Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia">{{cite report|url=https://coc.ufrj.br/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/41068/48796/Augusto-Cesar-Vieira-Getirana-_D.pdf|title=Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia|last1=Augusto César|first1=Vieira Getirana|last2=Webe João|first2=Mansur|last3=Marie-Paule|first3=Bonnet|last4=Frédérique|first4=Seyler|last5=Nelson Luis|first5=da Costa Dias|last6=Otto Corrêa|first6=Rotunno Filho|last7=Serge|first7=Chauzy|last8=Walter|first8=Collischonn|publisher=Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Coordenação dos Programas de Pós–Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE)|location=Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)|page=273|doi=10.1002/hyp|date=2009|website=coc.ufrj.br |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA49 | |'''Upper Orinoco'''|| {{formatnum:5294}}|| {{formatnum:100975}}|| {{formatnum:890}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||{{refn|name=Upper Orinoco|group=n|Orinoco River above Guaviare River;}}<ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA50 | |[[Javary River|'''Javary''']]|| {{formatnum:5194}}|| {{formatnum:108966}}|| {{formatnum:1309}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF51|| '''[[Ogooué River|Ogooué]]''' | || {{formatnum:5142}}|| {{formatnum:225548}} || {{formatnum:1200}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Site ramsar bas Ogooue">{{cite conference|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/GA1851RISformer_160316.pdf|title=Site ramsar bas Ogooue|conference=Session de la Conférence des Parties contractantes|publisher=FDR|page=22|date=2008|location=Liberville, Gabon|last1=Mengue|first1=Medou|last2=Ondamba|first2=Ombanda|last3=Ndjokounda|first3=Come|last4=Mounganga|first4=Magloir-Désiré|last5=Bayani|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Mikala|first6=Rufin|website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348187946|title=Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data|date=September 2018|conference=AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin|location=Washington DC|website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC52||'''[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]''' | || {{formatnum:5014}}|| {{formatnum:78957}} || {{formatnum:1112}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean||{{refn|name=Mamberamo|group=n|Average discharge at Mamberamo Delta 158.23 km³/year (2003–2012); Source or headwaters: Mamberamo (main stem 283 km)–'''[[Taritatu River|Taritatu]]''' (main stem 650 km, drainage area 47,803 km², average discharge 2,703 m³/s)–[[Waruta River|Waruta]] (179 km, 4,296 km², 123 m³/s) → Total length 1,112 km;}}<ref name="Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia">{{cite report|url=https://www.restec.or.jp/geoss_ap2/pdf/0415/wg2/sr1/06.pdf|title=Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia|publisher=Indonesian Hydrological Society|last=Joesron|first=Loebis|date=2008|website=www.restec.or.jp}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2014_Pola%20PSDA%20Mamberamo%20Tami%20Apauvar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2014}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC53||'''[[Sepik]]''' | || {{formatnum:5000}}|| {{formatnum:80386}} || {{formatnum:1126}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bismarck Sea]]||{{refn|name=Sepik|group=n|Average discharge at [[Angoram]], 1964–1980;}}<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">{{cite report|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)|location=Canberra (Australia)|page=212|date=1977|isbn=0-7081-0410-X|website=openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA54|| |[[Caroní River|'''Caroní''']] || {{formatnum:4981}}|| {{formatnum:95442}}|| {{formatnum:952}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | SA55 | |[[Juruena River|'''Juruena''']] || {{formatnum:4937}}|| 192,628||{{formatnum:1240}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tapajós]]||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU56|| '''[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]''' | || {{formatnum:4877}}|| {{formatnum:312763}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Barents Sea]]||<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">{{cite journal |title=Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea |last1=Vladimir |first1=Rogozhin |last2=Alexander |first2=Osadchiev |last3=Olga |first3=Konivalova |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |date=2023 |volume=10 |article-number=1052044 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1052044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1052044R }}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=126&catid=298&Itemid=179|title=Northern Europe|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA57 | |'''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'''–[[Canumã River|'''Canumã''']] || {{formatnum:4804}}|| {{formatnum:133212}}|| {{formatnum:1313}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Paraná do Urariá–Canumã|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Paraná do Urariá (main stem 408 km)–'''[[Canumã River|Canumã]]''' (main stem 218 km, drainage area 52,208 km², average discharge 2,135 m³/s)–'''[[Sucunduri River|Sucunduri]]''' (687 km, 26,541 km², 943 m³/s) → Total length 1,313 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS58|| | '''[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]'''|| {{formatnum:4753}}|| {{formatnum:69871}}|| {{formatnum:1040}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Old Brahmaputra River|Old Brahmaputra]], Lower Meghna ||<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020" /><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III" /><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS59|| |[[Chindwin River|'''Chindwin''']]|| {{formatnum:4740}}|| {{formatnum:114685}}|| {{formatnum:1207}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]||<ref name="Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.">{{cite report|title=Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.|work=Myanmar 1. Chindwin River|url=http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_06/Myanmar-1_Chindwin_River.pdf|last1=Hidetaka|first1=Chikamori|last2=Liu|first2=Heng|last3=Trevor|first3=Daniel|publisher=UNESCO–IHP|location=Yokohama (Japan)|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS60|| '''[[Rajang River|Rajang]]''' | || {{formatnum:4715}}|| {{formatnum:52009}}|| 773 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River">{{cite thesis|last=Sien Aun |first=Edwin Sia |title=Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River|date=2019|degree=Doctor of Philosophy|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|access-date=7 March 2022|publisher=Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science - Swinburne University of Technology|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109085640/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA61|| |[[Paraguay River|'''Paraguay''']]|| {{formatnum:4696}}|| {{formatnum:1120154}}|| {{formatnum:2621}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Paraná River|Paraná]]||<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS62 | |'''[[Gan River|Gan]]'''|| {{formatnum:4658}}|| {{formatnum:162225}}|| {{formatnum:885}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yangtze]]||{{refn|name=Gan|group=n|Average discharge from the Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River is 147 km³/year (1960–2022); Total drainage area 162,225 km²; Source or headwater: Gan (main stem 572 km – Average discharge into the Lake Poyang 2,865 m³/s, drainage area 103,074 km²)–[[Lake Poyang]]–'''[[Gong River|Gong]]''' (length 313 km, drainage area 27,074 km², 700 m³/s) → Total length 885 km;}}<ref name="Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake">{{cite report|url=https://bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org/journal/vol38/iss12/18|title=Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake|last1=Zhang|first1=Qi|last2=Xue|first2=Chenyang|last3=Xia|first3=Jun|publisher=China Academic Journals|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1894–1902|date=2023|website=bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS63|| '''[[Barito River|Barito]]''' | || {{formatnum:4514}}|| {{formatnum:78632}} || {{formatnum:1090}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]]||{{refn|name=Barito|group=n|Average discharge at Barito Delta, 2003–2016; Source or headwater: Barito (main stem 832 km)–'''Murung''' (length 258 km, drainage area 7,411 km², average discharge 555 m³/s) → Total length 1,090 km;}}<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF64|| |[[Ruki River|'''Ruki''']]|| {{formatnum:4500}}|| {{formatnum:175293}}|| {{formatnum:1296}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ruki|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Ruki (main stem 105 km)–'''[[Busira River|Busira]]''' (main stem 305 km, drainage area 123,669 km², average discharge 3,343 m³/s)–'''[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]]''' (886 km, 51,468 km², 1,422 m³/s) → Total length 1,296 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River">{{cite web|url=https://www.xylem.com/en-om/resources/case-studies/the-annual-hydrograph-of-the-ruki-river|title=The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River|website=www.xylem.com|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA65 || | '''Upper Tocantins'''||{{formatnum:4448}} ||{{formatnum:308345}} ||{{formatnum:2167}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] ||{{refn|name=Upper Tocantins|group=n|Tocantins River above Araguaia River; Its average discharge at the mouth of the Araguaia 4,448 m³/s (period from 1971 to 2000); Source or headwater: Tocantins (upper Tocantins main stem 1,658 km → Total length lower and upper Tocantins 2,640 km)–'''[[Maranhão River|Maranhão]]''' (main stem 392 km, drainage area 41,383 km², average discharge 699 m³/s)–[[Arraial Velho River|Arraial Velho]] (117 km);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA66 | |[[Vaupés River|'''Vaupés''']] || {{formatnum:4345}}|| {{formatnum:64370}}|| {{formatnum:1381}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS67|| '''[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]''' | || {{formatnum:4341}}|| {{formatnum:170903}}|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Tonkin]]||<ref name="Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/SIM3235.pdf|title=Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010|last1=Paul|first1=J. Kinzel|last2=Jonathan|first2=M. Nelson|last3=Duong|first3=Duc Toan|last4=Mung|first4= Dinh Thanh|last5=Yasuyuki|first5=Shimizu|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|location=Sapporo (Japan), Golden (Colorado, United States), Hanoi (Vietnam)|website=www.pubs.usgs.gov|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River">{{cite report |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |title=Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River |date=2004 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS68|| '''[[Mahakam River|Mahakam]]''' | || {{formatnum:4278}}|| {{formatnum:77095}}|| 980 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Makassar Strait]]||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/files/2017_Pola%20PSDA%20Mahakam.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS69|| |[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska|'''Lower Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:4139}}|| {{formatnum:473000}}|| {{formatnum:2989}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA70||'''[[Atrato River|Atrato]]''' | || {{formatnum:4138}}|| {{formatnum:36231}}|| 750 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Urabá]]||<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">{{cite journal|title=Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia|last=Wilmar|first=Loaiza Cerón|journal=Water|date=2020|volume=12|number=1|page=216|doi=10.3390/w12010216|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020Water..12..216L |hdl=10251/176393|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="urlgeotest.tamu.edu">{{cite web |url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |title=Chapter 14 |work=The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads |accessdate=2011-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325144718/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF71|| '''[[Zambezi]]''' | || {{formatnum:4134}}|| {{formatnum:1474004}} || {{formatnum:3421}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Mozambique Channel]]||{{refn|name=Zambezi|group=n|Average discharge at Zambezi Delta 130.39 km³/year (1962–2002); Source or headwater: Zambezi (main stem 2,389 km)–'''[[Lungwebungu River|Lungwebungu]]''' (length 1,032 km, drainage area 44,368 km², average discharge 114 m³/s) → Total length 3,421 km; According to the latest research, the length of the Zambezi River from its traditional geographical source is 3,079 km ([[Zambia]]). The distance from the most remote source—at the headwaters of the Lungwebungu River in [[Angola]]—to the mouth is 3,421 km. In years when the [[Okavango River|Okavango]] experiences a good flood some of the water escapes east along the normally dry channel of the Magwekwana River into the Linyanti Swamp, thus entering the Zambezi basin. According to the GRDC, the combined catchment area of ​​the Zambezi and Okavango is 1,988,756 km².<ref name="Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security">{{cite report|title=Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/4557/2025|last1=Mauro|first1=Lourenco|last2=Rutledge|first2=S. Boyes|last3=Fenton|first3=P. D. Cotterill|last4=Tyrel|first4=Flügel|last5=Frank|first5=C. Nyoni|last6=Goabaone|first6=J. Ramatlapeng|last7=Rainer|first7=von Brandis|publisher=European Geosciences Union (EGU), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)|date=2025|volume=29|issue=18|website=hess.copernicus.org, www.egu.eu}}</ref>}}<ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zambezi-lake-malawi?catid=326&Itemid=0|title=Zambezi–Lake Malawi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis">{{cite report|url=https://cridf.net/RC/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/36ZambeziStateoftheBasinVol3.pdf|title=The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis|docket=State of the Basin|author=The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington D.C. (United States)|website=www.worldbank.org|page=202|volume=3|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /><ref name="Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River">{{cite journal |last1=Hamududu |first1=Byman |last2=Killingtveit |first2=Ånund |title=Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River |journal=Energies |date=2016 |volume=9 |issue=7 |page=502 |doi=10.3390/en9070502|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/2472289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU72|| |[[Kama (river)|'''Kama''']]|| {{formatnum:4119}}|| {{formatnum:523324}}|| {{formatnum:1805}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Volga]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS73|| '''[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]''' | || {{formatnum:4100}}|| {{formatnum:679934}}|| {{formatnum:2600}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kolyma Gulf]]||<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA74|| |[[Apaporis River|'''Apaporis''']]|| {{formatnum:4092}}|| {{formatnum:53509}}|| {{formatnum:1425}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Japurá River|Japurá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA75 || |[[Aripuanã River|'''Aripuanã''']]|| {{formatnum:4087}}|| {{formatnum:147224}}|| {{formatnum:1175}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA76|| '''[[Nelson River|Nelson]]''' | || {{formatnum:4024}}|| {{formatnum:1353555}}|| {{formatnum:2670}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Hudson Bay]]||{{refn|name=Nelson|group=n|Nelson with [[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[Nelson River Hydroelectric Project]]); Source or headwater: Nelson (main stem 644 km)–[[Lake Winnipeg]] (Saskstchewan inflow–Nelson outflow 87 km)–'''[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 547 km, drainage area 405,864"km², 634 m³/s)–'''[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 805 km, 131,442 km², 280 m³/s)–[[Bow River|Bow]] (587 km, 23,862 km², 129 m³/s) → Total length 2,670 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada">{{cite report|url=https://archipel.uqam.ca/3971/1/D2158.pdf|title=Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada|last=Éric|first=Rosa|publisher=Université du Québec á Montréal, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris|location=Montréal, Québec (Canada), Paris (France)|website=www.archipel.ugam.ca|page=189|date=2011}}</ref><ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">{{cite journal|journal=Research Article|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/291/2025/hess-29-291-2025.html|last1=Vivek|first1=K. Arora|last2=Aranildo|first2=Lima|last3=Rajesh|first3=Shrestha|page=291-312|volume=29|issue=1|title=The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model|doi=10.5194/hess-29-291-2025|date=2025|doi-access=free|bibcode=2025HESS...29..291A}}</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">{{cite journal |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |date=2021 |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |s2cid=236682638 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA77|| '''[[Fraser River|Fraser]]'''|| || {{formatnum:3972}}|| {{formatnum:245452}}|| {{formatnum:1375}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Strait of Georgia]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Fraser">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/fraser?catid=199&Itemid=563|title=Fraser|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada">{{cite report|url=http://awsassets.wwf.ca/downloads/wwf_canadas_riversatrisk_technicalreport.pdf|title=Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada|last1=Becky|first1=Swainson|last2=Brian|first2=Richter|last3=Tim|first3=Morris|last4=David|first4=Schindler|last5=Tom|first5=Le Quesne|last6=Allan|first6=Locke|publisher=WWF–Canada|page=96|date=2011|website=www.awsassets.wwf.ca}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA78 | |[[Huallaga River|'''Huallaga''']] || {{formatnum:3955}}|| {{formatnum:89691}}|| {{formatnum:1169}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Marañón River|Marañón]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA79 | |[[Jutaí River|'''Jutaí''']] || {{formatnum:3859}}|| {{formatnum:79374}}|| {{formatnum:1174}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA80|| '''[[La Grande River|La Grande]]''' | || {{formatnum:3808}}|| {{formatnum:209000}}|| 893 || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]]||{{refn|name=La Grande|group=n|La Grande–[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]–[[Eastmain River|Eastmain]]–[[Rupert River|Rupert]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]);}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/east-hudson-bay?catid=305&Itemid=563 |title=East Hudson Bay |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">{{cite journal |journal=Environmental Science |title=Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/20/4801/2016/hess-20-4801-2016.pdf |doi=10.5194/hess-20-4801-2016 |page=4801-4818 |volume=20 |last1=Stephen |first1=J. Déry |last2=Tricia |first2=A. Stadnyk |last3=Matthew |first3=K. MacDonald |last4=Bunu |first4=Gauli- Sharma |date=2016 |issue=12 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016HESS...20.4801D}}</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., ''Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume.'' July 2005 ([http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104610/http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf|date=5 June 2011}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA81|| |'''[[Upper Mississippi River|Upper Mississippi]]'''|| {{formatnum:3687}}|| {{formatnum:445591}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||{{refn|name=Upper Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi River above Missouri River;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU82|| '''[[Northern Dvina]]''' | || {{formatnum:3549}}|| {{formatnum:323573}} || {{formatnum:1800}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[White Sea]]||{{refn|name=Northern Dvina|group=n|Average discharge at Northern Dvina Delta, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Northern Dvina (main stem 670 km)–'''[[Vychegda]]''' (length 1,130 km, drainage area 119,888 km², 1,160 m³/s) → Total length 1,800 km;}}<ref name="About the Northern Dvina River">{{cite web|url=https://www.kotlas.org/kotlas/northern_dvina.php|title=About the Northern Dvina River|website=www.kotlas.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS83|| '''[[Godavari River|Godavari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3503}}|| {{formatnum:314829}}|| {{formatnum:1465}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indian-peninsula?catid=274&Itemid=780|title=Indian Peninsula|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA84|| |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|'''Caura''']] || {{formatnum:3500}}|| {{formatnum:49530}}|| {{formatnum:723}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación">{{cite report|title=Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-07/010010813.pdf|author=Comisión del Plan Nacional de Aprovechcurriento de los Recursos Hidráulicos (COPLANARH)|publisher=Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)|location=Caracas|page=283}}</ref><ref name="Scientia Guaianae">{{cite report|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344149488|title=Scientia Guaianae|work=Ecología de la Cuenca del Río Caura, Venezuela I. Caracterización general|docket=A series on natural sciences of the Guayana region|last1=Judith|first1=Rosales|last2=Otto|first2=Huber|last3=Paul|first3=Berry|last4=Henry|first4=Briceño|last5=Elvira|first5=Cuevas|last6=Gonzalo|first6=Febres F.|last7=Horst|first7=Fölster|last8=Stefan|first8=Gorzula|last9=Stephen|first9=S. Tillett|last10=Stanford|first10=Zent|last11=Gustavo|first11=Romero|last12=Aldred|first12=Znick|publisher=Fundacite–Guayana, UNEG, Wildlife Conservation Society, Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela|location=Caracas, Puerto Ordaz (Venezuela)|number=6|volume=1|page=152|issn=0798-1120|isbn=980-6020-34-0|date=1996}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF85 | |[[Benue River|'''Benue''']]|| {{formatnum:3477}}|| {{formatnum:338968}}|| {{formatnum:1440}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Niger River|Niger]]||<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Niger" /><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA86 | |[[Trombetas River|'''Trombetas''']] || {{formatnum:3437}}|| {{formatnum:126973}}|| {{formatnum:764}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA87 | |[[Inírida River|'''Inírida''']] || {{formatnum:3385}}|| {{formatnum:53795}}|| {{formatnum:1300}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA88|| |'''Upper Columbia''' || {{formatnum:3364}}|| {{formatnum:292316}}|| {{formatnum:1439}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Columbia River|Columbia]]||{{refn|name=Upper Columbia|group=n|Columbia River above Snake River;}}<ref name="Columbia River" /><ref name="USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013)">{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC89 | |[[Strickland River|'''Strickland''']] || {{formatnum:3328}}|| {{formatnum:36740}}|| {{formatnum:824}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Fly River|Fly]]||<ref name="Annual Environmental Report 2017">{{cite report|url=https://png-data.sprep.org/system/files/2017-Porgera-AER-Final.pdf|title=Annual Environmental Report 2017|author=Porgera Joint Venture|publisher=PNG Data Portal, CSIRO|location=Mount Hagen, Western Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea), Kinawee (Australia)|website=www.png-data.sprep.org|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF90 | |[[Kwango River|'''Kwango''']] || {{formatnum:3317}}|| {{formatnum:270904}}|| {{formatnum:1702}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kasai River|Kasai]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS91 | |'''[[Ghaghara]]''' || {{formatnum:3278}}|| {{formatnum:131948}}|| {{formatnum:1167}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Ganges]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /><ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341">{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=Sharad K.|last2=Agarwal|first2=Pushpendra K.|last3=Singh|first3=Vijay P.|title=Hydrology and water resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA341|accessdate=26 April 2011|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|page=341}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA92|| |'''[[Paranaiba River|Paranaiba]]''' || {{formatnum:3216}}|| {{formatnum:223582}}|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS93|| '''[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]''' | || {{formatnum:3200}}|| {{formatnum:371417}} || {{formatnum:1636}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Khatanga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 101 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Khatanga (main stem 227 km)–'''[[Kotuy River|Kotuy]]''' (length 1,409 km, drainage area 176,000 km², average discharge 1,282 m³/s) → Total length 1,636 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS94|| |[[Subansiri River|'''Subansiri''']] || {{formatnum:3197}}|| {{formatnum:34833}}|| {{formatnum:518}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin">{{cite journal |journal=Climate |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/1/18 |title=Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin |last1=Wahid |first1=Shahriar |last2=Sagar |first2=Ratna Bajracharya |last3=Shrestha |first3=Arun Bhakta |last4=Hossain |first4=Md. Shahadat |last5=Mazumder |first5=Liton Chandra |last6=Mazumder |first6=Tarun Kanti |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=18 |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC95|| '''[[Pulau River|Eilanden]]''' | || {{formatnum:3133}}|| {{formatnum:37164}} || 679 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Arafura Sea]]||<ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study">{{cite web|url=https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/display/JCP/Final+Reports|title=Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study|last1=van Beek|first1=E.|last2=Bons|first2=K.|last3=Brinkman|first3=J.|date=2013}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS96|| |'''Upper Yenisei'''|| {{formatnum:3090}}|| {{formatnum:344000}}|| {{formatnum:1843}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||{{refn|name=Upper Yenisei|group=n|Yenisei River above Angara River; Source or headwater: Upper Yenisei (main stem 1,238 km)–'''[[Great Yenisei]]''' (length 605 km, drainage area 56,800 km², average discharge 599 m³/s);}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF97|| '''[[Nile]]''' | || {{formatnum:3075}}|| {{formatnum:3826122}} || {{formatnum:7088}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mediterranean Sea]]||{{refn|name=longest|group=n|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650 km, and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400 km. In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992 km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853 km.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins. The dispute is: "Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?" A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088 km for the Nile and 6,575 km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions. According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate. Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.}}{{refn|name=Nile|group=n|The average flow rate measured at the [[Atbara River]] estuary (at [[Atbara]], [[Sudan]]) the most abundant point of the Nile (3,075 m³/s, 1971–2000); Average discharge at [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] ([[Egypt]]) 2,800 m³/s, at [[Nile Delta]] 150 m³/s (2009–2018); The total topographic drainage basin of the Nile, including desert areas, is approximately 3,826,122 km² according to the GRDC; Source or headwater: Nile (main stem 2,950 km)–'''[[White Nile]]''' (main stem 2,300 km, drainage area 1,849,988 km², average discharge at [[Khartoum]] 897 m³/s)–'''[[Albert Nile]]''' (210 km, 428,830 km², 1,039 m³/s)–[[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]]–[[Lake Kyoga]]–'''[[Victoria Nile]]''' (423 km, 351,576 km², 906 m³/s) –[[Lake Victoria]] (Kagera inflow–Victoria Nile outflow 280 km)–'''[[Kagera River|Kagera]]''' (main stem 572 km, 58,579 km², 346 m³/s)–[[Lake Rweru]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]] (main stem 271 km, 15,868 km², 112 m³/s)–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]] (main stem 14 km, 1,269 km², 11 m³/s)–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]] (49 km, 518 km², 4.8 m³/s) → Total length 7,088 km – '''The longest river in the world''';}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Nile River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/nile?catid=186&Itemid=496|title=Nile River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /><ref name="Water accounting in the Nile River Basin">{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment">{{cite report|url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-river-nile-evolution-and-environment-34na4lyy.pdf|title=The River Nile: Evolution and Environment|docket=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management|last1=Jamie|first1=C. Woodward|last2=Mark|first2=G. Macklin|last3=Michael|first3=D. Krom|last4=Martin|first4=A.J. Williams|publisher=The University of Manchaster|location=Manchaster (United Kingdom)|doi=10.1002/9781119412632.ch14|page=51|date=2023|website=scispace.com |isbn=978-1-119-41260-1 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS98|| '''[[Musi River (Indonesia)|Musi]]''' | || {{formatnum:3066}}|| {{formatnum:59942}} || 759 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Sumatra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/sumatra?catid=285&Itemid=780|title=Sumatra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-08/010082415.pdf|last1=Delphine|first1=Dobler|last2=Elodie|first2=Martinez|last3=Rinny|first3=Rahmania|last4=Budhi Gunadharma|first4=Gautama|last5=A. Riza|first5=Farhan|title=Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling|publisher=Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Agence Française de Développement (AFD)|page=96|date=2021|isbn=979-10-699-7188-2|website=www.horizon.documentation.ird.fr}}</ref><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia">{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7|title=The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia|last1=Francisca|first1=Wit|last2=Tim|first2=Rixen|last3=Antje|first3=Baum|last4=Widodo|first4=S. Pranowo|last5=Andreas|first5=A. Hutahaean|journal=Scientific Reports |year=2018|volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=17403 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7 |doi-access=free|pmid=30479397 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817403W |pmc=6258705}}</ref><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia">{{cite journal|url=https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/17/2019/|doi=10.5194/bg-16-17-2019 |title=Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia |year=2019 |last1=Müller-Dum |first1=Denise |last2=Warneke |first2=Thorsten |last3=Rixen |first3=Tim |last4=Müller |first4=Moritz |last5=Baum |first5=Antje |last6=Christodoulou |first6=Aliki |last7=Oakes |first7=Joanne |last8=Eyre |first8=Bradley D. |last9=Notholt |first9=Justus |journal=Biogeosciences |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |bibcode=2019BGeo...16...17M |s2cid=203167471 |doi-access=free |hdl=1959.3/447242 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA99|| |[[Tigre River|'''Tigre''']] || {{formatnum:3047}}|| {{formatnum:45073}}|| {{formatnum:1087}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA100|| '''[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]''' | || {{formatnum:3037}}|| {{formatnum:638324}} || {{formatnum:3180}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco">{{cite web|url=https://brasildasaguas.com.br/educacional/regioes-hidrograficas/regiao-hidrografica-do-sao-francisco|title=Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco|website=brasildasaguas.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA101|| |[[Iriri River|'''Iriri''']] || {{formatnum:3028}}|| {{formatnum:142079}}|| {{formatnum:1151}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Xingu River|Xingu]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS102 | |[[Min River (Sichuan)|'''Min''']] || {{formatnum:3022}}|| {{formatnum:135296}}|| {{formatnum:735}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years">{{cite journal|journal=Water and Clinate Change|title=Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years|last1=Hongjuan|first1=Zhai|last2=Meng|first2=Wang|last3=Dandan|first3=Shen|last4=Bo|first4=Hu|last5=Yajun|first5=Li|date=2022|volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=3675–3691|doi=10.2166/wcc.2022.218 |bibcode=2022JWCC...13.3675Z |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC103|| '''[[Purari River|Purari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3000}}|| {{formatnum:33773}}|| 902 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF000628|title=Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua|last1=Rudy|first1=Slingerland|last2=Neal W.|first2=Driscoll|last3=John D.|first3=Milliman|last4=Scott R.|first4=Miller|last5=Elizabeth A.|first5=Johnstone|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |date=2008|volume=113|issue=F1 |article-number=2006JF000628 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000628 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S13S |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS104 | |[[Yamuna river|'''Yamuna''']] || {{formatnum:2948}}|| {{formatnum:366223}}|| {{formatnum:1376}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS105 | |[[Srepok River|'''Srepok''']] || {{formatnum:2940}}|| {{formatnum:79015}}|| {{formatnum:454}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mekong]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA106 | |'''Yarí'''|| {{formatnum:2933}}|| {{formatnum:37127}}|| {{formatnum:691}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caquetá River|Caquetá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS107 | |[[Panjnad River|'''Panjnad''']] || {{formatnum:2910}}|| {{formatnum:395000}}|| {{formatnum:1571}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indus River|Indus]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU108 ||'''[[Rhine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2900}} ||{{formatnum:190522}} ||{{formatnum:1233}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[North Sea]] |{{refn|Total discharge at the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt Delta]] 101 km³/year; The total combined catchment area is 224,000 km². The Rhine with the [[Meuse|Maas]] River and the [[Ijssel]] delta branch;|name=Rhine|group=n}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Rhine">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Rhine |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/rhine?catid=230&Itemid=764|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001333/133303e.pdf Rhine case study]; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS109 | |[[Xiang River|'''Xiang''']]|| {{formatnum:2848}}|| {{formatnum:102148}}|| {{formatnum:948}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS110|| '''[[Batang Hari River|Batang Hari]]''' | || {{formatnum:2819}}|| {{formatnum:46504}}|| 800 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari">{{cite report|url= https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_Pola%20PSDA_Wilayah%20Sungai%20Batanghari.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA111 | |[[Guaporé River|'''Guaporé''']] || {{formatnum:2738}}|| {{formatnum:353028}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS112|| '''[[Pyasina]]''' | || {{formatnum:2730}}|| {{formatnum:182000}} || {{formatnum:817}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kara Sea]]||<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project">{{cite web|url=https://www2.whoi.edu/site/aomip/data/river-runoff-forcing-data|title=River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project|website=www2.whoi.edu}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA113 ||'''[[Cuyuni River|Cuyuni]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2719}} ||{{formatnum:85635}} ||{{formatnum:633}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin; Average discharge at near mouth 5,000 m³/s (154–178 km³/year), drainage area 158,407 km², length 1,014 km;}}{{refn|name=Cuyuni|group=n|Average discharge at [[Bartica]], period from 1996 to 2005;}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters">{{cite book |last1=Likens |first1=Gene E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AL6J8i9ZeDEC |title=Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-381997-0}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65a2050e-d7a1-4b62-a351-884dab1a4fc8/content|title=Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina|docket=Reunion regional preparatoria para America Latina y el Caribe Naciones Unidas sobre el agua|author=Consejo Económico y Social (CES)|publisher=Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=95|date=1976|website=repositorio.cepal.org}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic North Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=167&catid=329&Itemid=179#tab-4753|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins">{{cite report|title=Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins|url=https://www.waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report53-GlobalBlueWaterScarcity.pdf|last1=A.Y.|first1=Hoekstra|last2=M.M.|first2=Mekonnen|date=2011|work=Value of Water Research Report Series NO. 53|location=Delft (Netherlands)|publisher=UNESCO–IHE Institute for Water Education}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS114 | |[[Mali River|'''Mali Hka''']]|| {{formatnum:2693}}|| {{formatnum:23221}}|| {{formatnum:320}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA115 ||'''[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2678}} ||{{formatnum:77743}} ||{{formatnum:1052}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]||{{refn|name=Usumacinta|group=n|Average discharge above Grijalva, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Usumacinta (main stem 562 km)–'''[[Chixoy River|Chixoy]]''' (main stem 446 km, drainage area 13,161 km², average discharge 551 m³/s)–Pacaranat (44 km, 945 km², 31.5 m³/s);}}{{refn|name=Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin; Total length 1,123 km; Drainage area 127,676 km², average discharge 125–147 km³/year;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Grijalva–Usumacinta |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/grijalva-usumacinta?catid=248&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta">{{cite report|title=Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta|url=https://www.agua.unam.mx/PremioTesis/assets/docs/TesisGanadoras/SoriaIsmael_FlujoCarbonoRioUsumacinta.pdf|last1=Ismael|first1=Fabián|last2=Soria|first2=Reinoso|last3=Dr. Javier|first3=Alcocer|last4=Dr. Felipe|first4=García-Oliva|last5=Dr. Luis|first5=Oseguera|last6=Dr. Alfonso|first6=Lugo|last7=Dr. Enrique|first7=Cantoral|last8=Dr. Salvador|first8=Sánchez Carrillo|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)|location=Ciudad de México (Mexico)|page=32|date=2020|website=agua.unam.mx}}</ref><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005">{{cite report|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/historicos/1334/702825160173/702825160173_1.pdf|title=Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI)|publisher=INEGI|page=99|issn=0188-8692|date=2006|website=inegi.org.mx}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA116||'''[[San Juan River (Colombia)|San Juan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2649}}|| {{formatnum:16465}} || 399 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region">{{cite report|url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v86n208/0012-7353-dyna-86-208-297.pdf|title=Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region|docket=DYNA|last1=Manuela|first1=Velásquez-Restrepo|last2=Germán|first2=Poveda|publisher=Facultad de Minas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia|location=Medellín (Colombia)|pages=297–306|issn=0012-7353|doi=10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73587|date=2019|website=scielo.org}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF117|| '''[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross]]''' | || {{formatnum:2647}}|| {{formatnum:52257}}|| 489 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Biafra]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU118|| '''[[Neva]]''' | || {{formatnum:2646}}|| {{formatnum:287094}} || {{formatnum:1063}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Finland]]||{{refn|name=Neva|group=n|Average discharge at [[Saint Petersburg]], 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Neva (main stem 74 km)–[[Lake Ladoga]]–'''[[Volkhov River|Volkhov]]''' (main stem 224 km, drainage area 79,500 km², average discharge 593 m³/s)–[[Lake Ilmen]]–[[Msta]] (main stem 445 km, 23,231 km², 209 m³/s)–[[Lake Mstino]]–[[Tsna (Tver Oblast)|Tsna]] (160 km, 4,518 km², 38 m³/s) → Total length 1,063 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Neva River and Neva Bay''">{{cite book|author=Nezhihovsky, R. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ8LHQAACAAJ|title=Neva River and Neva Bay|publisher=Gidrometeoizdat|date=1981}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS119|| |[[Songhua River|'''Songhua''']] || {{formatnum:2591}}|| {{formatnum:557180}}|| {{formatnum:1927}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Amur]]||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/heilong-jiang-amur?catid=213&Itemid=0|title=Heilong Jiang (Amur)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA120 || |[[Urubamba River|'''Urubamba''']] || {{formatnum:2579}}|| {{formatnum:59071}}|| {{formatnum:915}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC121 ||'''[[Digul]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2578}} ||{{formatnum:29175}} ||853 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Arafura Sea ||{{refn|name=Entire Digul–Mappi Basin|group=n|Drainage area 46,947 km², average discharge at Digul Delta 3,028 m³/s;}}<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_RPSDA%20WS%20Einladen%E2%80%93Digul%E2%80%93Bikuma.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papua-new-guinea?catid=277&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA122|| |[[Casiquiare canal|'''Casiquiare''']]|| {{formatnum:2574}}|| {{formatnum:82800}}|| {{formatnum:731}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF123 | |[[Sangha River|'''Sangha''']]|| {{formatnum:2570}}|| {{formatnum:191953}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA124 | |[[Apure River|'''Apure''']]|| {{formatnum:2544}}|| {{formatnum:116713}}|| {{formatnum:1038}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS125 | |[[Kosi River|'''Kosi''']] || {{formatnum:2500}}|| {{formatnum:88185}}|| {{formatnum:729}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS131|| '''[[Kayan River|Kayan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:33005}}|| 576 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" | [[Celebes Sea]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Hanergy 2013">{{Citation|last=Hanergy Holding Group|title=Indonesia East Kalimantan Kayan River Basin Hydropower and Aluminum smelting Project|url=https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|date=March 2013|type=Slide deck|mode=cs1|via=Scribd|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924131157/https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS126|| |[[Dhanu River|'''Ghorautra''']] || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:24060}}|| {{formatnum:339}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA127 | |[[Pastaza River|'''Pastaza''']]|| {{formatnum:2438}}|| {{formatnum:41793}}|| {{formatnum:787}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA128 | |[[Liard River|'''Liard''']] || {{formatnum:2434}}|| {{formatnum:277100}}|| {{formatnum:1215}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]||<ref name="Mackenzie" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA129 | |[[Ituí River|'''Ituí''']] || {{formatnum:2422}}|| {{formatnum:43035}}|| {{formatnum:796}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Javary River|Javary]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA130 | |[[Paragua River|'''Paragua''']] || {{formatnum:2389}}|| {{formatnum:39605}}|| {{formatnum:550}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caroní River|Caroní]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA131 ||'''[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2369}} ||{{formatnum:68788}} ||{{formatnum:936}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{r|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin}}{{refn|name=Essequibo|group=n|Essequibo above Cuyuni at [[Bartica]]; Average discharge 2,369 m³/s (1971–2000);}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters" /><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS132|| |[[Jialing River|'''Jialing''']]|| {{formatnum:2368}}|| {{formatnum:159180}}|| {{formatnum:1345}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA133 | |[[Cauca River|'''Cauca''']] || {{formatnum:2364}}|| {{formatnum:59840}}|| {{formatnum:1180}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA134 | |[[Red River of the South|'''Red River''']]|| {{formatnum:2349}}|| {{formatnum:241388}}|| {{formatnum:2189}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/arkansas-white-red?catid=2&Itemid=179|title=Arkansas White Red|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA135||'''[[Jacuí River|Jacuí]]''' | || {{formatnum:2327}}|| {{formatnum:82618}} || 800 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lagoa dos Patos]]||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Atlantic East Coastal">{{cite web|title=Atlantic East Coastal|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/SOUTH_AMERICA/ATLANTIC%20EAST%20COAST_COASTAL/index.html|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA136 | |[[Içana River|'''Içana''']] || {{formatnum:2279}}|| {{formatnum:35516}}|| {{formatnum:689}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA137 | |[[Anapu River|'''Anapu''']] || {{formatnum:2272}}|| {{formatnum:52495}} || {{formatnum:470}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Furo do Tajapuru]] ||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF138 | |[[Fimi River|'''Fimi''']]|| {{formatnum:2253}}|| {{formatnum:136175}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||{{refn|name=Fimi|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Fimi (main stem 190 km)–'''[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]''' (length 1,205 km, drainage area 69,259 km², average discharge 1,077 m³/s) → Total length 1,395 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF139|| '''[[Sanaga River|Sanaga]]''' | || {{formatnum:2223}}|| {{formatnum:134252}} || {{formatnum:1067}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Bight of Biafra ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS140|| '''[[Amu Darya]]''' | || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:798035}}|| {{formatnum:2620}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Aral Sea]] ||{{refn|name=Amu Darya|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point, above the outlet of the [[Karakum Canal]]; Source or headwater: Amu Darya (main stem 1,699 km)–'''[[Panj (river)|Panj]]''' (length 921 km, drainage area 116,799 km², average discharge 1,075 m³/s) → Total length 2,620 km;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Ecological Indicators|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111419|title=Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia|last1=Rashid|first1=Mahmood|last2=Shaofeng|first2=Jia|last3=Aifeng|first3=Lv|last4=Shahid|first4=Naeem|volume=178|year=2024|article-number=111419 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024EcInd.15811419M }}</ref><ref name="Amu-Darya - Chatly">{{cite web|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2917100.html|title=Amu-Darya - Chatly|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin">{{cite web|url= https://www.cawater-info.net/yearbook/2022/02_yearbook2022_en.htm|title=Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin|website=www.cawater-info.net}}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/DAM/env/water/publications/assessment/English/G_PartIV_Chapter3_En.pdf|title=Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF141|| |[[Aruwimi River|'''Aruwimi''']] || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:121163}}|| {{formatnum:1287}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS142|| '''[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]''' | || {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:191000}} || {{formatnum:1146}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Anadyr]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="water">[http://water-rf.ru/Водные_объекты/842/Анадырь «Вода России» – Анадырь]</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA143|| |[[Ventuari River|'''Ventuari''']]|| {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:40861}}|| {{formatnum:520}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA144 | |[[Curaray River|'''Curaray''']]|| {{formatnum:2155}}|| {{formatnum:26775}}|| {{formatnum:1011}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Napo River|Napo]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS145|| '''[[Krishna River|Krishna]]''' | || {{formatnum:2145}}|| {{formatnum:274596}} || {{formatnum:1300}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /><ref name="A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India">{{cite journal|journal=Current Science|url=https://www.academia.edu/65907676|title=A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India|last1=C. Prakash|first1=Babu|volume=118|doi=10.18520/cs/v118/i3/455-461|date=2020|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA146|| |[[Tennessee River|'''Tennessee''']] || {{formatnum:2140}}|| {{formatnum:105870}}|| {{formatnum:1049}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Tennessee">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tennessee?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Tennessee|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS147 | |[[Lohit River|'''Lohit''']] || {{formatnum:2138}}|| {{formatnum:29330}}|| {{formatnum:560}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA148 | |[[Tapauá River|'''Tapauá''']] || {{formatnum:2135}}|| {{formatnum:63185}}|| {{formatnum:745}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Purus River|Purus]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS149|| '''[[Mahanadi]]''' | || {{formatnum:2125}}|| {{formatnum:145260}} || 851 || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA150||'''[[Mobile River|Mobile]]'''–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' | || {{formatnum:2118}}|| {{formatnum:124158}} || {{formatnum:1263}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico ||{{refn|name=Mobile|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Mobile (main stem 72 km)–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' (main stem 512 km, drainage area 59,104 km², average discharge 1,023 m³/s)–'''[[Coosa River|Coosa]]''' (main stem 450 km, 26,364 km², 479 m³/s)–[[Oostanaula River|Oostanaula]] (main stem 79 km, 5,603 km², 117 m³/s)–[[Conasauga River|Conasauga]] (150 km, 1,880 km², 41 m³/s) → Total length 1,263 km;}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="South Atlantic Gulf">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/south-atlantic-gulf?catid=314&Itemid=563|title=South Atlantic Gulf|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS151|| |'''[[Olyokma]]'''|| {{formatnum:2110}}|| {{formatnum:209378}}|| {{formatnum:1436}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS152 | |[[Yuan River|'''Yuan''']]|| {{formatnum:2106}}|| {{formatnum:93287}}|| {{formatnum:864}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA153 | |[[Ji-Paraná River|'''Ji-Paraná''']] || {{formatnum:2100}}|| {{formatnum:76127}}|| {{formatnum:820}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.coc.ufrj.br/es/documents2/doutorado/2006-2/860-alfredo-ribeiro-neto-doutorado/file&ved=2ahUKEwj9k6rv5or9AhX_AxAIHbTFB7EQFnoECAkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw263SiaNJvrXCQt8VjBOQzr|title=SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA|first1=Carlos|last1=Vieira da Silva|first2=Carlos Eduardo|last2=Morelli Tucci|first3=José|last3=Almir Cirilo|first4=Luciene|last4=Pimentel da Silva|first5=Otto|last5=Corrêa Roturno Filho|first6=Benoit|last6=Le Guennec|date=2006}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF154 | |[[Lomami River|'''Lomami''']] || {{formatnum:2062}}|| {{formatnum:109080}}|| {{formatnum:1946}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF155 | |[[Lulonga River|'''Lulonga''']] || {{formatnum:2040}}|| {{formatnum:82952}}|| {{formatnum:926}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Lulonga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Lulonga (main stem 200 km)–'''[[Maringa River|Maringa]]''' (length 726 km, drainage area 32,799 km², average discharge 972 m³/s) → Total length 926 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS156 | |[[Gandaki River|'''Gandak''']] || {{formatnum:2025}}|| {{formatnum:46300}}|| {{formatnum:814}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA157||'''[[Maroni (river)|Maroni]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:66184}}|| 725 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System">{{cite web |url=https://wsag.unh.edu/Tools/html/RGISMain.html |title=Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System |website=wsag.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam">{{cite report|title=Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam|last=André|first=Calmont|publisher=Espaces tropicaux|date=2008|page=205-219|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/etrop_1147-3991_2008_act_19_10_1274}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC158|| '''[[Kikori River|Kikori]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:18863}}|| 445 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA159|| |[[Pachitea River|'''Pachitea''']] || {{formatnum:1992}}|| {{formatnum:28648}}|| 587|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS160 ||'''[[Yellow River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1990}} ||{{formatnum:988063}} ||{{formatnum:5778}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bohai Sea]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC161|| |[[Tariku River|'''Tariku''']]|| {{formatnum:1953}}|| {{formatnum:24664}}|| 488|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]||<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA162 | |[[Ottawa River|'''Ottawa''']]|| {{formatnum:1949}}|| {{formatnum:147406}}|| {{formatnum:1271}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[St. Lawrence River]]||<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS163 | |[[Podkamennaya Tunguska|'''Stony Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:1945}}|| {{formatnum:249000}}|| {{formatnum:1865}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF164 ||'''[[Cuanza River|Cuanza]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1944}} ||{{formatnum:163832}} ||960 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=South West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS165 ||'''[[Indigirka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1933}} ||{{formatnum:360400}} ||{{formatnum:1726}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[East Siberian Sea]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA166 ||'''[[Churchill River (Atlantic)|Churchill]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1931}} ||{{formatnum:93119}} ||856 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Labrador Sea]] |<ref name="North Atlantic Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Atlantic Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-atlantic-seaboard?catid=311&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA167|| |[[Caguán River|'''Caguán''']] || {{formatnum:1929}}|| {{formatnum:21276}}|| 596|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caquetá ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS168 | |[[Yalong River|'''Yalong''']]|| {{formatnum:1914}}|| {{formatnum:128444}}|| {{formatnum:1323}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU169 ||'''[[Rhône]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1900}} ||{{formatnum:99298}} ||812 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mediterranean Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA170 ||'''[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1897}} ||{{formatnum:124319}} ||{{formatnum:1130}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bering Sea]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA171 ||'''[[Saguenay River|Saguenay]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1894}} ||{{formatnum:87635}} ||{{formatnum:698}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Estuary of St. Lawrence]] |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS172 ||'''[[Min River (Fujian)|Min]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1870}} ||{{formatnum:60040}} ||577 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Taiwan Strait]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS173 | |[[Kopili River|'''Kopili''']]|| {{formatnum:1847}}|| {{formatnum:20068}}|| 341|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS174 ||'''[[Baram River|Baram]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1845}} ||{{formatnum:22325}} ||635 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology">{{cite report|url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/10312080_02.pdf|title=National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology|docket=Part 2 – Sabah and Sarawak|author=((The Government of Malaysia, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) )) |publisher=Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)|page=116|date=1982}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA175|| |[[Iguazu River|'''Iguaçu''']]|| {{formatnum:1836}}|| {{formatnum:67537}}|| {{formatnum:1320}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS176 | |'''Upper Lena''' || {{formatnum:1811}}|| {{formatnum:200700}}|| {{formatnum:1686}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||{{refn|name=Upper Lena|group=n|Lena River above Vitim River;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS177 | |[[Zeya (river)|'''Zeya''']] || {{formatnum:1807}}|| {{formatnum:232077}}|| {{formatnum:1242}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA178 ||'''[[Copper River (Alaska)|Copper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1794}} ||{{formatnum:67204}} ||480 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Alaska]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA179|| |[[Uatumã River|'''Uatumã''']] || {{formatnum:1790}}|| {{formatnum:68477}}|| 701|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA180 ||'''[[Courantyne River|Courantyne]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1780}} ||{{formatnum:67877}} ||725 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Courantyne Delta">{{cite web|url=https://sharkrayareas.org/wp-content/uploads/isra-factsheets/5SouthAmericanAtlantic/Courantyne-Delta-5SouthAmericanAtlantic.pdf|title=Courantyne Delta|website=sharkrayareas.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS181 ||'''[[Great Tenasserim River|Great Tenasserim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1778}} ||{{formatnum:19637}} ||616 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA182 ||'''[[Skeena River|Skeena]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1770}} ||{{formatnum:54432}} ||570 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Hecate Strait]] |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Pacific Ocean Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/pacific-ocean-seaboard?catid=312&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS183 ||'''[[Taz (river)|Taz]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1755}} ||{{formatnum:152086}} ||{{formatnum:1401}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS184 | '''[[Cagayan River|Cagayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1740}} ||{{formatnum:27753}} ||505 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF185|| |[[Sankuru River|'''Sankuru''']]|| {{formatnum:1738}}|| {{formatnum:149480}}|| {{formatnum:1285}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU186 | |'''[[Sava]]'''|| {{formatnum:1722}}|| {{formatnum:97713}}|| 992|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Danube]]||<ref name="Danube Flood Risk Management Plan">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/danube_flood_risk_managament_plan_-_update_2021_low_resolution.pdf|title=Danube Flood Risk Management Plan|author=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|page=174|isbn=978-3-200-08289-2|date=2021|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="The Sava River Basin Analysis Report">{{cite report|url=https://www.savacommission.org/UserDocsImages/05_documents_publications/water_management/eng/SavaRBMPlan//sava_river_basin_analysis_report_high_res.pdf|title=The Sava River Basin Analysis Report|author=International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC)|publisher=ISRBC|location=Zagreb (Croatia)|page=289|date=2009|website=www.savacommission.org }}</ref><ref name="Sava Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/sava-basin|title=Sava Basin|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="Danube" /><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA187 | |[[Roosevelt River|'''Roosevelt''']]|| {{formatnum:1711}}|| {{formatnum:59844}}|| 705|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS188 ||'''[[Kaladan River|Kaladan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1704}} ||{{formatnum:22611}} ||744 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |{{refn|name=Kaladan|group=n|Kaladan with [[Lemro River|Lemro]] and [[Mayu (river)|Mayu]] at Kaladan Delta: drainage area 40,000 km², average discharge 3,476 m³/s;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Bay of Bengal–West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/bay-of-bengale-west-coast?catid=271&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Environment management of a river in Myanmar">{{cite report|url=http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/13775|title=Environment management of a river in Myanmar|docket=Master of Technology, Conservation of Rivers and Lakes|last1=Kyaw|first1=Naing Oo|last2=Sunil|first2=Kumar Singal|publisher=Alternative Hydro Energy Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|location=Roorkee (India)|page=229|date=2012|website=www.shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU189 ||'''[[Dnieper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1700}} ||{{formatnum:531817}} ||{{formatnum:2201}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Black Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-black-sea-coast?catid=297&Itemid=550 |title=North Black Sea Coast|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS190|| |[[Wu River (Yangtze tributary)|'''Wu''']]|| {{formatnum:1698}}|| {{formatnum:86799}}|| {{formatnum:1150}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS191 | |'''[[Vilyuy]]'''|| {{formatnum:1683}}|| {{formatnum:454000}}|| {{formatnum:2650}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA192 | |[[Igapó-Açu River|'''Igapó-Açu''']]|| {{formatnum:1677}}|| {{formatnum:45792}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA193 | |[[Jamanxim River|'''Jamanxim''']]|| {{formatnum:1673}}|| {{formatnum:58001}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Tapajós ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA194 ||'''[[Stikine River|Stikine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1670}} ||{{formatnum:51316}} ||546 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS195|| |[[Dadu River|'''Dadu''']]|| {{formatnum:1670}}|| {{formatnum:90182}}|| {{formatnum:1076}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years" /><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS196 | |[[Manas River|'''Manas''']] || {{formatnum:1667}}|| {{formatnum:41350}}|| 400|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS197 | |[[Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)|'''Han''']]|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:165306}}|| {{formatnum:1577}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS198 | |'''[[Tonlé Sap]]'''|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:88254}}|| 147|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS199 | |[[Chenab River|'''Chenab''']] || {{formatnum:1637}}|| {{formatnum:175877}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Panjnad River|Panjnad]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS200 ||'''[[Đồng Nai River|Dông Nai]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1635}} ||{{formatnum:46858}} ||586 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Viet Nam Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Viet Nam Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/viet-nam-coast?catid=288&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF201|| |'''[[Blue Nile]]'''|| {{formatnum:1632}}|| {{formatnum:314458}}|| {{formatnum:1674}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Nile]]||<ref name="Nile River" /><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF202 | |'''[[Lowa (Kivu/Maniema)|Lowa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1625}}|| {{formatnum:52087}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS203 | |'''[[Ussuri]]'''|| {{formatnum:1620}}|| {{formatnum:195047}}|| 897|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA204 ||'''[[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan del Norte]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1614}}||{{formatnum:41659}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea ||{{refn|name=San Juan del Norte|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: San Juan del Norte (main stem 209 km)–[[Lake Nicaragua]] (Tipitapa inflow–San Juan del Norte outflow 177 km)–[[Tipitapa River|Tipitapa]] (main stem 34 km, drainage area 6,739 km², average discharge 95 m³/s)–[[Lake Managua]] (Río Grande inflow–Tipitapi outflow 50 km)–Río Grande (145 km, 1,730 km², 16.5 m³/s)–San Rafael del Norte (19 km)–Quebrada La Breiera (7 km) → Total 641 km;}}<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA205 ||'''[[Guayas River|Guayas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1606}} ||{{formatnum:37084}} ||689 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Guayaquil]] |<ref name="Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil">{{cite report|url=https://www.guayaquil.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/Documentos/Dragado/3)%20DRAGADO%20FULL%20CANAL%20ACCESO%20GYE%202012/Capitulo7%20CONDICIONESHIDRODINAMICASCANALACCESO/Capitulo7.pdf|title=Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil|docket=Fase II – Capitulo 7|author=Autoridad Portuaria de Guayaquil|publisher=Geoestudios, Consulsua|location=Guayaquil (Ecuador)|page=103|date=2012|website=guayaquil.gob.ec}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA206 ||'''[[Araguari River (Amapá)|Araguari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1604}} ||{{formatnum:43265}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS207|| |[[Yu River (Guangxi)|'''Yu''']]|| {{formatnum:1604}}|| {{formatnum:89677}}|| {{formatnum:1152}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Xun River|Xun]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA208 ||'''[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1600}} ||{{formatnum:94311}} ||588 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ungava Bay]] |{{refn|name=Koksoak|group=n|Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]; Source or headwater: Koksoak (main stem 137 km)–'''[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]''' (length 737 km, drainage area 48,959 km², average discharge 882 m³/s) → Total length 874 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA209|| |[[Tarauacá River|'''Tarauaçá''']] || {{formatnum:1573}}|| {{formatnum:54879}}|| 906|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Juruá ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS210 ||'''[[Kampar River|Kampar]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1570}} ||{{formatnum:24548}} ||580 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Strait of Malacca]] ||<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia">{{cite web |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/632681956/048026184e4466e2f517e3c5106989c9-pdf |title=Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2015_Pola%20PSDA%20Kampar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2015}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU211 ||'''[[Po (river)|Po]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1560}} ||{{formatnum:71057}} ||652 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Adriatic Sea]] ||<ref name="Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy)">{{cite journal |last1=Anna |first1=Gavioli |last2=Giuseppe |first2=Castaldelli |last3=Stefania |first3=Trasforini |last4=Cesare |first4=Puzzi |last5=Maria |first5=Pia Gervasio |last6=Tommaso |first6=Granata |last7=Daniela |first7=Colombo |last8=Elisa |first8=Soana |date=2024 |title=Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy) |journal=Environments |volume=11|issue=10 |page=226 |doi=10.3390/environments11100226 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Envi...11..226G }}</ref><ref name="The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios">{{cite journal |last1=Mauro |first1=Marini |last2=Federica |first2=Grilli |date=2023 |title=The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373155319 |journal=Applied Sciences |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=9267 |doi=10.3390/app13169267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA212|| |[[Dos Marmelos River|'''Dos Marmelos''']]|| {{formatnum:1557}}|| {{formatnum:27572}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS213 | |[[Bei River|'''Bei''']]|| {{formatnum:1543}}|| {{formatnum:47249}}|| 633|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pearl River]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA214 ||'''[[Guamá River|Guamá]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1542}} ||{{formatnum:49846}} ||{{formatnum:903}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guajará Bay]] |{{refn|name=Guamá|group=n|Average dischsrge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Guamá (main stem 83 km)–'''[[Capim River|Capim]]''' (main stem 639 km, drainage area 36,669 km², average discharge 777 m³/s)–[[Ararandeua River|Ararandeua]] (181 km, 10,834 km², 194 m³/s) → Total length 903 km;}}{{refn|name=Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin|group=n|Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin; Drainage area 87,390 km², average discharge 2,730 m³/s (period 1971 to 2006);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS215 ||'''[[Sittaung River|Sittaung]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1540}} ||{{formatnum:34265}} ||421 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Martaban]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA216|| |[[Paute River|'''Santiago''']]|| {{formatnum:1533}}|| {{formatnum:33098}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS217 ||'''[[Tigris]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1527}} ||{{formatnum:221327}} ||{{formatnum:1862}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Shatt al-Arab]] ||{{refn|name=Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin|group=n|Average discharge at Shatt al-Arab Delta 105.7 km³/year (1977–2018); Tigris–Euphrates drainage area 1,140,000 km²;}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Tigris–Euphrates |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tigris-euphrates?catid=359&Itemid=689|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|page=360-375|date=2019|issue=4 |article-number=106049 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU218|| |[[Usa (Pechora)|'''Usa''']] || {{formatnum:1514}}|| {{formatnum:91135}}|| 565|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Pechora||<ref name="Northern Europe" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS219 ||'''[[Karnaphuli]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1510}} ||{{formatnum:13965}} ||270 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |<ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast" /><ref name="Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh">{{cite report|url=https://www.academia.edu/127653621 |title=Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh|last=Arghya|first=Protik Chowdhury|publisher=Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)|page=17|date=2025|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA220|| |[[Vichada River|'''Vichada''']]|| {{formatnum:1502}}|| {{formatnum:27624}}|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA221 | |[[Unini River|'''Unini''']]|| {{formatnum:1501}}|| {{formatnum:27433}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA222 ||'''[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1485}} ||{{formatnum:56895}} ||{{formatnum:759}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] |{{refn|Length: Grijalva–Mezcalapa–[[Cuilco River|Cuilco]] 759 km; Average discharge, 1971–2000;|name=Grijalva|group=n}}{{r|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta" /><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS223|| |[[Liu River|'''Liu''']]|| {{formatnum:1472}}|| {{formatnum:58270}}|| 571|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Qian River|Qian]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA224 ||'''[[Papaloapan River|Papaloapan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1461}} ||{{formatnum:39885}} ||{{formatnum:354}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" | Gulf of Mexico ||<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /><ref name="Papaloapan–Jamapa">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papaloapan–Jamapa |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papaloapan-jamapa?catid=255&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA225 ||'''[[Patía River|Patía]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1453}} ||{{formatnum:23995}} ||430 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA226|| |[[Arkansas River|'''Arkansas''']]|| {{formatnum:1448}}|| {{formatnum:409027}}|| {{formatnum:2364}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA227 ||'''[[Susitna River|Susitna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1442}} ||{{formatnum:49470}} ||504 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Cook Inlet]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA228 ||'''[[Moose River (Ontario)|Moose]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1440}} ||{{formatnum:114729}} ||543 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC229 ||'''[[Bamu River|Bamu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1437}} ||{{formatnum:19346}} ||390 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS230 ||'''[[Qiantang River|Qiantang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1436}} ||{{formatnum:54349}} ||494 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |East China Sea |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="China Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Chine Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/china-coast?catid=225&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA231||'''[[Albany River|Albany]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1420}} ||{{formatnum:132800}} ||832 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS232|| |[[Black River (Asia)|'''Black River''']]|| {{formatnum:1419}}|| {{formatnum:57947}}|| 910|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS233 | '''[[Mendawai River|Katingan]]''' | | {{formatnum:1414}} | {{formatnum:19559}} | 616 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]] |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/globalmercuryproject.org/documents/non_country%20specific/Sat%20Imagery%20AGL%20Final%20Report.pdf|date=2007|last1=Kevin|first1=Telmer|last2=Daniel|first2=Stapper|publisher=University of Victoria|title=Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF234 ||'''[[Betsiboka River|Betsiboka]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1407}} ||{{formatnum:61893}} ||531 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Madagascar |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/madagascar?catid=322&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA235|| |[[Mazaruni River|'''Mazaruni''']]|| {{formatnum:1399}}|| {{formatnum:31705}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Cuyuní River|Cuyuní]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA236 | |[[Jamari River|'''Jamari''']]|| {{formatnum:1391}}|| {{formatnum:39977}}|| 478|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA237 | |[[Coari River|'''Coari''']]|| {{formatnum:1389}}|| {{formatnum:35588}}|| 599|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA238 ||'''[[Thelon River|Thelon]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1370}} ||{{formatnum:238839}} ||904 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Chesterfield Inlet]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA239|| |[[Demini River|'''Demini''']]|| {{formatnum:1358}}|| {{formatnum:39770}}|| 618|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS240 ||'''[[Narmada River|Narmada]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1350}} ||{{formatnum:95818}} ||{{formatnum:1289}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Khambhat]] |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS241 ||'''[[Indragiri River|Indragiri]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1339}} ||{{formatnum:22758}} ||500 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA242|| |'''[[Jauaperi River|Jauaperi]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:39824}}|| 592|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS243 | |'''[[Dibang River|Dibang]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:12503}}|| 324|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA244 | |[[Arinos River|'''Arinos''']] || {{formatnum:1332}}|| {{formatnum:58734}}|| 654|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Juruena River|Juruena]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU245 | |[[Oka (river)|'''Oka''']]|| {{formatnum:1327}}|| {{formatnum:244308}}|| {{formatnum:1520}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |Volga ||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS246 | |[[Huai River|'''Huai''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:172079}}|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF247 | |[[Mbomou River|'''Mbomou''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:168608}}|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF248 ||'''[[Tsiribihina River|Tsiribihina]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1316}} ||{{formatnum:49467}} ||430 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA249|| |[[Inambari River|'''Inambari''']]|| {{formatnum:1316}}|| {{formatnum:20160}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS250 | |[[Pranahita River|'''Pranahita''']]|| {{formatnum:1301}}|| {{formatnum:108513}}|| 682|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Godavari River|Godavari]]||<ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA251 | |[[Badajós River|'''Badajós''']] || {{formatnum:1300}}|| {{formatnum:21575}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS252 ||'''[[Pahang River|Pahang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1299}} ||{{formatnum:33924}} ||489 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS253|| |'''[[Uchur]]'''|| {{formatnum:1293}}|| {{formatnum:113000}}|| 812|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF254 ||'''[[Volta River|Volta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1290}} ||{{formatnum:412735}} ||{{formatnum:1600}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Africa - West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA255 | |[[Takutu River|'''Takutu''']]|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| {{formatnum:42528}}|| 371|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Branco River|Rio Branco]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS256 ||'''[[Sesayap River|Sesayap]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1275}} ||{{formatnum:18158}} ||279 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Celebes Sea |<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2022_Rencana%20PSDA%20WS%20Sesayap.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap|date=2022|website=www.sda.pu.go.id}}</ref><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA257 ||'''[[Oyapock]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1273}} ||{{formatnum:30869}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA258 | |[[Tanana River|'''Tanana''']] || {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:113959}}|| {{formatnum:1061}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yukon River|Yukon]]||<ref name="Yukon" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA259|| |[[Ituxi River|'''Ituxi''']]|| {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:43676}}|| 878|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Purus ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS260 | |[[Sone River|'''Son''']]|| {{formatnum:1245}}|| {{formatnum:70228}}|| 784|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS261 | |[[Kabul River|'''Kabul''']]|| {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:92572}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Indus ||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS262 | |[[Melawi River|'''Melawi''']] || {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:22586}}|| 471|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]||<ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA263 ||'''[[Doce River|Doce]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1241}} ||{{formatnum:90357}} ||977 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA264|| |[[Tambopata River|'''Tambopata''']]|| {{formatnum:1241}}|| {{formatnum:15540}}|| 390|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madre de Dios ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA265 | |'''[[Siapa River|Siapa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1238}}|| {{formatnum:22170}}|| 438|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Casiquiare canal|Casiquiare]]||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF266 | |[[Kwilu River|'''Kwilu''']]|| {{formatnum:1229}}|| {{formatnum:94663}}|| {{formatnum:1230}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kwango River|Kwango]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA267 | |[[Marié River|'''Marié''']]|| {{formatnum:1227}}|| {{formatnum:25266}}|| 800|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS268 | |[[Kheta (river)|'''Kheta''']] || {{formatnum:1223}}|| {{formatnum:100000}}|| 604|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS269 ||'''[[Taymyra]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1220}} ||{{formatnum:124000}} ||840 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Kara Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA270|| |[[Jari River|'''Jari''']] || {{formatnum:1214}}|| {{formatnum:51893}}|| 877|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS271 ||'''[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1210}} ||{{formatnum:212044}} ||{{formatnum:2292}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA272 ||'''[[Nottaway River|Nottaway]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1208}} ||{{formatnum:74326}} ||776 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF273 ||'''[[Chari River|Chari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1200}} ||{{formatnum:880000}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Lake Chad]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF274|| |[[Lindi River|'''Lindi''']]|| {{formatnum:1200}}|| {{formatnum:59568}}|| 797|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA275 ||'''[[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1199}} ||{{formatnum:72147}} ||715 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Chesapeake Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Mid Atlantic">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Mid Atlantic |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mid-atlantic?catid=309&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA276|| |[[Casanare River|'''Casanare''']]|| {{formatnum:1199}}|| {{formatnum:24013}}|| 415|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Meta River|Meta]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA277 | |'''[[Rivière des Rochers]]'''–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]'''|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:292497}}|| {{formatnum:1608}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Slave River|Slave]]||{{refn|name=Rivière des Rochers–Athabasca|group=n|Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Rivière des Rochers (main stem 48 km)–[[Lake Athabasca]] (Athabasca inflow–Rivière des Rochers outflow 22 km)–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]''' (length 1,538 km, drainage area 160,705 km², average discharge 784 m³/s) → Total length 1,608 km;}}<ref name="Mackenzie" /><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA278 | |[[Paranapanema River|'''Paranapanema''']]|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:101739}}|| 829|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA279|| |'''[[Isiboro River|Isiboro]]'''|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| {{formatnum:21117}}|| 505|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mamoré ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF280 ||'''[[Cavalla River|Cavally]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1192}} ||{{formatnum:30665}} ||844 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA281|| |'''[[Tefé River|Tefé]]''' || {{formatnum:1190}}|| {{formatnum:24269}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA282 ||'''[[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1189}} ||{{formatnum:54986}} ||673 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bay of Fundy]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS283|| |[[Maya (Aldan)|'''Maya''']] || {{formatnum:1188}}|| {{formatnum:171000}}|| {{formatnum:1053}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA284 ||'''[[São Gonçalo Channel]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1186}} ||{{formatnum:62250}} ||77 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Lagoa dos Patos |<ref name="Atlantic East Coastal" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS285 ||'''[[Kahayan River|Kahayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1178}} ||{{formatnum:16063}} ||658 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA286|| |[[Tomo River|'''Tomo''']] || {{formatnum:1169}}|| {{formatnum:20156}}|| 830|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC287 ||'''[[Ramu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1164}} ||{{formatnum:17823}} ||640 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bismarck Sea |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA288 ||'''[[Coatzacoalcos River|Coatzacoalcos]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1163}} ||{{formatnum:23956}} ||325 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico |<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA289 | |[[Curuçá River (Javari River tributary)|'''Curuçá''']]|| {{formatnum:1157}}|| {{formatnum:25549}}|| 766|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Javary ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS290 ||'''[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1141}} ||{{formatnum:111351}} ||{{formatnum:1024}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF291 || |[[Lomela River|'''Lomela''']]|| {{formatnum:1139}}|| {{formatnum:39655}}|| {{formatnum:881}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Busira River|Busira]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF292 ||'''[[Saint Paul River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1125}} ||{{formatnum:20317}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF293 ||'''[[Rufiji River|Rufiji]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1115}} ||{{formatnum:204639}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indian Ocean]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Central East Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Central East Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA294|| |[[Ibicuí River|'''Ibicuí''']]|| {{formatnum:1113}}|| {{formatnum:47203}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU295 ||'''[[Vistula]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1112}} ||{{formatnum:194424}} ||{{formatnum:1047}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gdańsk Bay]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF296|| |[[Ivindo River|'''Ivindo''']]|| {{formatnum:1112}}|| {{formatnum:63201}}|| 686|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS297 | |[[Tom (river)|'''Tom''']]|| {{formatnum:1110}}|| {{formatnum:59858}}|| 827|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Ob ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA298 | |[[Morona River|'''Morona''']]|| {{formatnum:1107}}|| {{formatnum:16962}}|| 785|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF299 ||'''[[Kouilou-Niari River|Kouilou]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:61707}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS300 ||'''[[Rokan River|Rokan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:20189}} ||447 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA301 ||'''[[Baker River (Chile)|Baker]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:26816}} ||182 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia">{{cite journal |last1=Alejandro |first1=Dussaillant-Jones |last2=Wouter |first2=Buytaert |last3=Claudio |first3=I. Meier |last4=Fabián |first4=Espinoza |date=2012 |title=Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |volume=57 |issue=8 |page=1530-1541 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2012.726993 |bibcode=2012HydSJ..57.1530D }}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA302|| |[[Willamette River|'''Willamette''']]|| {{formatnum:1099}}|| {{formatnum:28949}}|| 301|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Columbia ||<ref name="Columbia River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA303 | |[[Nhamundá River|'''Nhamundá''']]|| {{formatnum:1094}}|| {{formatnum:28609}}|| 617|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS304 ||'''[[Yana (river)|Yana]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1090}} ||{{formatnum:235457}} ||{{formatnum:1490}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF305 ||'''[[Benin River|Benin]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1084}} ||{{formatnum:49256}} ||300 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Benin]] |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA306|| |[[Ouachita River|'''Ouachita''']]|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| {{formatnum:62850}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Red River of the South|Red River]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS307 ||'''[[Chao Phraya River|Chao Phraya]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1077}} ||{{formatnum:188419}} ||{{formatnum:1207}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Thailand]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS308 | |[[Sekong river|'''Sekong''']]|| {{formatnum:1077}}|| {{formatnum:28792}}|| {{formatnum:480}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Srepok River|Srepok]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA309 | |'''[[Nanay River|Nanay]]'''|| {{formatnum:1073}}|| {{formatnum:16673}}|| 511|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS310 ||'''[[Seruyan River|Seruyan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1067}} ||{{formatnum:13329}} ||395 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS311 ||'''[[Sampit River|Sampit]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1064}} ||{{formatnum:14745}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU312 ||'''[[Don (river)|Don]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:458694}} ||{{formatnum:1950}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Sea of Azov]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF313 ||'''[[Sofia River|Sofia]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:29267}} ||328 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS314|| |[[Dong River (China)|'''Dong''']]|| {{formatnum:1056}}|| {{formatnum:33567}}|| 523|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pearl River ||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS315 | |[[Lô River|'''Lô''']]|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| {{formatnum:34809}}|| 470|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Red River ||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF316 | |'''[[Likouala-Mossaka]]'''|| {{formatnum:1054}}|| {{formatnum:71886}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA317 | |[[Tombigbee River|'''Tombigbee''']]|| {{formatnum:1052}}|| {{formatnum:52029}}|| 480|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mobile River|Mobile]]||<ref name="South Atlantic Gulf" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA318 | |[[Aguaytía River|'''Aguaytía''']]|| {{formatnum:1051}}|| {{formatnum:11353}}|| 374|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS319 ||'''[[Kamchatka (river)|Kamchatka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1049}} ||{{formatnum:54104}} ||758 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF320|| |[[Momboyo River|'''Momboyo''']]|| {{formatnum:1045}}|| {{formatnum:44211}}|| {{formatnum:827}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ruki River|Ruki]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF321 ||'''[[Moa River|Moa]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1044}} ||{{formatnum:19560}} ||475 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU322|| |[[Belaya (Kama)|'''Belaya''']]|| {{formatnum:1042}}|| {{formatnum:141609}}|| {{formatnum:1430}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Kama (river)|Kama]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS323 | |[[Trishuli River|'''Trishuli''']]|| {{formatnum:1032}}|| {{formatnum:19918}}|| 362|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gandaki River|Narayani]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA324 | |[[Erebato River|'''Erebato''']]|| {{formatnum:1030}}|| {{formatnum:11074}}|| {{formatnum:195}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|Caura]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación" /><ref name="Scientia Guaianae" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA325 | |[[White River (Arkansas–Missouri)|'''White River''']]|| {{formatnum:1028}}|| {{formatnum:71743}}|| {{formatnum:1162}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS326 ||'''[[Euphrates]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1027}} ||{{formatnum:765831}} ||{{formatnum:3000}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Shatt al-Arab ||{{refn|name=Euphrates|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point (32.4 km³/year, 1977–2018). The Euphrates River drainage basin, including the surrounding desert and semi-desert areas (such as the [[Syrian desert]] and parts of the [[Arabian Desert]] regions), covers approximately 765,831 km²; Source or headwater: Euphrates (main stem 2,278 km)–'''[[Murat River|Murat]]''' (length 722 km, drainage area 44,851 km², average discharge 404 m³/s) → Total length 3,000 km;}}{{r|group=n|Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates" /><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA327|| |[[Pacajá River|'''Pacajá''']]|| {{formatnum:1025}}|| {{formatnum:26438}}|| 634|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Anapu River|Anapu]]||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA328 ||'''[[Coco River|Coco]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1024}} ||{{formatnum:26952}} ||841 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA329 ||'''[[Catatumbo River|Catatumbo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:22317}} ||338 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lake Maracaibo]] |<ref name="La geografía del agua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA330 ||'''[[Baudó River|Baudó]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:5964}} ||316 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA331 ||'''[[Manicouagan River|Manicouagan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1020}} ||{{formatnum:45908}} ||{{formatnum:221}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Estuary of St. Lawrence |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS332|| |[[Shweli River|'''Shweli''']]|| {{formatnum:1020}}|| {{formatnum:22908}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU333|| |'''[[Northern Dvina|Little Northern Dvina]]'''|| {{formatnum:1018}}|| {{formatnum:85822}}|| {{formatnum:648}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Northern Dvina]]||{{refn|name=Little Northern Dvina|group=n|Northern Dvina above [[Vychegda]]; Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Little Northern Dvina (main stem 74 km)–'''[[Yug]]''' (length 574 km, drainage area 36,204 km², average discharge 516 m³/s) → Total length 648 km;}}<ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="About the Northern Dvina River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF334 | |'''Upper Zambezi'''|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:170010}}|| {{formatnum:690}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Zambezi]]||<ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis" /><ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS335 | |[[Mun River|'''Mun''']]|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:119868}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA336 ||'''[[Esmeraldas River|Esmeraldas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1011}} ||{{formatnum:19796}} ||210 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA337 ||'''[[Biobío River|Biobío]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1008}} ||{{formatnum:24264}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA338|| |[[Wabash River|'''Wabash''']]|| {{formatnum:1007}}|| {{formatnum:85177}}|| 810|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Ohio" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF339 | |[[Ngounié River|'''Ngounié''']]|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| {{formatnum:32637}}|| 680|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué ||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA340 ||'''[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:344112}} ||{{formatnum:1344}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA341 ||'''[[Nushagak River|Nushagak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:35396}} ||497 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bering Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Hilinga man == * [[Lista kan mga salog sa laba]] * [[Lista kan mga salo pagwawa|Lista kan mga watershed]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa E.U. uyon sa kusog nin pagdalihig]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa Indya sa pagbulos]] [[Kategorya:Mga salog]] r83wpogk2d0zgxfmjaja3ixnko1696s 311135 311134 2026-10-01T07:23:56Z River.discharge 32199 /* */ 311135 wikitext text/x-wiki Lista ini kan mga salog susog sa saindang rikas nin pagdalihig. Idto sanang mga salog na may pagbulos dai mababa sa 1,000 metro kubiko por segundo an mga nakaag sa listahan. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="6" align="center"|[[Continent]] color key |- |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|[[Africa]] |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia]] |bgcolor="#CCFF66"|[[Oceania]] |bgcolor="#FFCCFF"|[[Europe]] |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America]] |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="5" align="center"|[[Ocean]] color key |- |bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Atlantic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Pacific Ocean]] |bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Indian Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Arctic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF8DC"|[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic]] |} {| class="sortable col1right col4right col5right col6right" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#ffffff;font-size:90%;" |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align:center;font-size:105%;" ! rowspan="2" | No ! colspan="2" | River name ! rowspan="2" | Average<br />discharge<br />(m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Drainage<br />area<br />(km²) ! rowspan="2" | Length<br />(km)<br /> ! rowspan="2" | Outflow ! rowspan="2" | Notes, references |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align: center;font-size:105%;" !Primary !Tributary |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America|SA]]1|| '''[[Amazon River|Amazon]]''' ||| {{formatnum:209000}}|| {{formatnum:6020438}} || {{formatnum:6575}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Amazon|group=n|The Amazon is the '''largest river in the world by discharge'''. Average discharge at near mouth 209,000 m³/s (period 1973 to 1990); [[River source|Source or headwater]]: Amazon and [[Solimões River|Solimões]] ([[Main stem|main stem]] 3,837 km)–'''[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]''' (main stem 1,668 km; drainage area 352,304 km²; average discharge at [[Requena, Loreto|Requena]] 12,200 m³/s, and 12,600 m³/s at near mouth, 1981–2020)–'''[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]''' (main stem 158 km; 131,726 km²; 2,892 m³/s)– '''[[Ene River|Ené]]''' (main stem 181 km; 108,767 km²; 2,046 m³/s)–'''[[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]''' (main stem 666 km; 64,734 km²; 1,050 m³/s)–Hornillos (65 km) → Total length 6,575 km (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]); The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazon branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The Rio Pará estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. If Amazon with Rio Pará considered as a water system, the catchment area is 6,925,674 km² (according to ''ANA''), the total discharge averages at [[Amazon Delta]] 223,700 m³/s (or 220,800 m³/s for the period 1973–1990, according to ''HyBAM'').}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien">{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=Hydrologie du bassin amazonien|date=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale |publisher=Belin }}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras">{{cite report|url=https://www.snirh.gov.br/portal/snirh/centrais-de-conteudos/conjuntura-dos-recursos-hidricos/regioeshidrograficas2014.pdf|title=Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras|docket=Edição Especial|author=Agéncia Nacional de Águas (ANA)|publisher=Superintendência de Planegiamento de Recursos Hídricos (SPR)|page=163|isbn=978-85-8210-027-1|date=2015|website=www.snirh.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}</ref><ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=43&catid=191&Itemid=179|title=Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America">{{cite journal|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|doi=10.1029/GB003i003p00241|url=https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241|last1=Charles J.|first1=Vörösmarty|last2=Berrien|first2=Moore III|last3=Annette L.|first3=Grace|last4=M. Patricia|first4=Gildea|last5=Jerry M.|first5=Melille|last6=Bruce|first6=Peterson|last7=Edward|first7=B. Rastetter|last8=Paul|first8=A. Steudler|title=Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America|date=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=241–265|bibcode=1989GBioC...3..241V |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2007">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Avijit|title=Large rivers: geomorphology and management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC&pg=PA31|accessdate=18 April 2011|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-84987-3|page=31}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538940902746082|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|last1=S.|first1=Liu|last2=P.|first2=Lu|last3=D.|first3= Liu|last4=P.|first4=Jin|last5=W.|first5=Wang|page=80-87|volume=2|issue=1|date=2009 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.ufpa.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/d60fc02c-cfb2-43ca-82e8-a1c8b040224c/content|title=Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte|last=Ishihara|first=Júnior Hiroyuki|publisher=Dados Internacionais de Catalogação de publicação (CIP), Biblioteca do NAEA/UFPA|location=Belém (Pará, Brazil)|date=2015|page=246|website=repositorio.ufpa.br}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |[[Africa|AF]]2|| '''[[Congo River|Congo]]''' | || {{formatnum:41400}}|| {{formatnum:3712316}}|| {{formatnum:5118}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Congo (Zaire)|group=n|Average discharge at [[Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Banana]] (near mouth) 1,308 km³/year, at [[Kinshasa]] and [[Brazzaville]] 40,500 m³/s (1902–2021). The Congo is the '''second or third largest river in the world by discharge'''. Source or headwaters: Congo (main stem 2,300 km)–'''[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]''' (above [[Boyoma Falls]] at [[Kisangani]]–Luvua River mouth main stem 978 km – total length 2,074 km, drainage area 969,518 km², average discharge 7,640 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa">{{cite journal|journal=Water|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2613|title=Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa|last1=Laraque|first1=Alain|last2=Moukandi N'kaya|first2=Guy D.|page=36|year=2020|volume=12|issue=9|doi=10.3390/w12092613|bibcode=2020Water..12.2613L|doi-access=free}}</ref>–'''[[Luvua River|Luvua]]''' (main stem 388 km, 263,090 km², 644 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Mweru]] (Luapula inflow–Luvua outflow 116 km)–'''[[Luapula River|Luapula]]''' (main stem 555 km – total length 918 km, 173,709 km², 754 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Bangweulu]] and [[Bangweulu Wetlands]] (Chambeshi inflow–Luapula outflow 110 km)–'''[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]''' (671 km, 60,425 km², 447 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/> → Total length 5,118 km;}}<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|date=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}</ref><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3|number=6|pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D}}</ref><ref name="Congo River">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/congo?catid=215&Itemid=0 |title=Congo River |last=Eric |first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrology|url=http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf|title=Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries|last1=Pavla|first1=Pekárová|last2=Pavol|first2=Miklánek|last3=Ján|first3=Pekár|page=62-79|date=2003 |volume=274 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00397-9 |bibcode=2003JHyd..274...62P }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA3|| '''[[Orinoco]]''' | || {{formatnum:39000}}|| {{formatnum:1014797}}|| {{formatnum:3010}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Orinoco|group=n|Average discharge at [[Orinoco Delta]], 1983–2020; The Orinoco is the '''third or fourth largest river in the world by discharge'''; Source or headwater: Orinoco (lower and middle Orinoco main stem 1,250 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 2,140 km;)–'''[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]''' (main stem 1,220 km, drainage area 151,607 km², average discharge 7,529 m³/s – period 1926 to 2011)–'''[[Guayabero River|Guayabero]]''' (540 km, 24,346 km²; 986 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref> → Total length 3,010 km;}}<ref name="XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos">{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|date=2022}}</ref><ref name="La geografía del agua">{{cite book|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael |first1=Córdova |last2=Marcelo González |first2=Sanabria|last3=Arnoldo|first3=José Gabaldón|publisher=Fundación Empresas Polar|date=2015|isbn=978-980-379-354-8|page=103-140}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/orinoco?catid=10&Itemid=0|title=Orinoco|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia|AS]]4||'''[[Yangtze]]''' | || {{formatnum:31900}}|| {{formatnum:1949515}}||{{formatnum:6236}}||bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[East China Sea]]||{{refn|name=Yangtze|group=n|Average discharge at [[Yangtze Delta]] 995.8 km³/year, period 1955–2021; Source or headwater: Yangtze (main stem 2,767 km)–'''[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]''' (main stem 2,290 km; drainage area 471,454 km²; average discharge 5,069 m³/s)–'''[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]''' (main stem 813 km; 139,955 km²; 427 m³/s)–[[Dangqu River|Dangqu]] (366 km; 31,254 km²; 196 m³/s) → Total length 6,236 km;}}<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=222&catid=373&Itemid=179|title=Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR">{{cite book |last1=Walter |first1=Gellert |title=KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR |last2=Rainer |first2=Gärtner |last3=Herbert |first3=Küstner |last4=Gerald |first4=Wolf |date=1987 |orig-date=1st pub. 1957 |publisher=VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig |isbn=963-281-740-0}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA5|| |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|'''Rio Negro''']] || {{formatnum:30641}} || {{formatnum:765335}} || {{formatnum:2362}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]||{{refn|name=Rio Negro|group=n|Average discharge at [[Manaus]] 30,641 m³/s, 1979–2015 (28,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwaters: Rio Negro (main stem 1,700 km)–'''[[Guanía River|Guainía]]''' (length 662 km, drainage area 31,284 km², average discharge 2,433 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010"/> → Total length 2,362 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM">{{cite report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650if_/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM|work=Relatório Técnico RT 03–Diagnóstico, prognóstico e cenários futuros dos recursos hídricos do estado–Tomo II|last=Adejalmo|first=Figueiredo Gazen|publisher=Governo do Estado do Amazonas, Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente (SEMA)|date=2019}}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin">{{cite journal|title=Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin|last1=Emilio|first1=Mayorga|last2=Miles G.|first2=Longsdon|last3=Maria Victoria|first3=R. Ballester|last4=Jeffrey E.|first4=Richey|journal=Journal of Hydrology |year=2005|volume=315 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–182 |doi=10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2005.03.023|s2cid=8107631 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA6 | |[[Madeira River|'''Madeira''']] || {{formatnum:30173}}|| {{formatnum:1322782}}|| {{formatnum:3518}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Madeira|group=n|Average discharge 30,173 m³/s, 1979–2015 (31,200 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Madeira (main stem 1,450 km)–'''[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]''' (main stem 1,042 km – total length 1,298 km, drainage area 633,613 km²; average discharge 7,743 m³/s)–'''[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Río Grande o Guapay]]''' (820 km; 106,396 km²; 727 m³/s)–[[Caine River|Caine]] (119 km)–[[Rocha River|Rocha]] (69 km)–Mailanco (18 km) → Total length 3,518 km; The Madeira is thus one of the '''three longest tributaries in the world''', along with the [[Irtysh]] and the [[Missouri River|Missouri]]. The confluence of the '''Madeira''' River estuary with the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] is a complex process. The Amazon River acts as a dam, carrying four times as much water despite its almost flat fall. Furthermore, the Madeira River has a significant [[sediment load]] (450×10⁶ ton/year). This is the same as the Amazon River, despite its lower volumetric flow, and is deposited where the current slows down. The Madeira River estuary is therefore a type of [[Estuary|delta]] that extends for more than 300 km along the southern coast of the Amazon. A western branch, the ''Parana Madeirinha'', branches off the main riverbed 200 km upstream of the estuary. This branch is fed by a major tributary, the [[Igapó-Açu River|Igapó-Açu]]. It flows into the Amazon River 12 km upstream of the main riverbed of the Madeira River. A 450 km long eastern branch, the ''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'' (also known as the ''Paraná do Ramos''), branches off from the main river 100 km from the mouth and flows eastward parallel to the Amazon River. This branch isolates the large [[Tupinambarana]] island (area 11,850 km²), which is actually made up of four swampy islands surrounded by the river to the south and by branches of the Amazon to the north. It is fed by several tributaries: the [[Canumã River|Canumã]], the [[Abacaxis River|Abacaxis]], the [[Maués Açu River|Maués Açu]] and the [[Mamuru River|Mamuru]] Rivers. The Paraná do Urariá (or Paraná do Ramos) joins the Amazon near the city of [[Parintins]], 310 km downstream from the mouth of the main river Madeira. If these two branches and the tributaries that flow into them are added to the Madeira River, the total [[Drainage basin|drainage area]] 1,496,852 km², and the average [[Discharge regime|discharge]] exceeds 35,000 m³/s. This makes the Madeira the most abundant of the tributaries, surpassing major rivers such as the [[Yangtze]] (and only slightly behind the discharge of the [[Orinoco]] River), and the '''fifth largest river in the world''' in terms of discharge.}}<ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/medio-ambiente/recursos-hidricos-cuadros-estadisticos|title=Recursos Hídricos - INE|website=www.ine.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)">{{cite web|url= https://datos.siarh.gob.bo/biblioteca/406|title=Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)|website=datos.siarh.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia">{{cite report |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers10-12/010020120.pdf |title=Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia |last1=Michel-Alain |first1=Roche |last2=Carlos |first2=Fernandez Jauregui |last3=Angel |first3=Aliaga Rivera |last4=Jorge |first4=Peña Mendez |last5=Edgar |first5=Salas Rada |last6=José Luis |first6=Montaño Vargas |publisher=UNESCO, ORSTOM, ORCYT |location=La Paz (Bolívia), Montevideo (Uruguay) |isbn=92-9089-029-0 |date=1992}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS7|| [[Brahmaputra River|'''Brahmaputra''']] | ||27,000 || 641,964|| {{formatnum:3848}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Padma River|Padma]], [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]], [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{refn|name=Brahmaputra|group=n|Entire Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra and Upper Meghna Basin; Average discharge 850 km³/year (Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra 700 km³/year, Upper Meghna 150 km³/year – period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: Lower Meghna (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Jamuna (main stem 337 km)–Brahmaputra (main stem 738 km)–'''Siang or Dihang''' (main stem 294 km; drainage area 256,374 km²; average discharge 5,037 m³/s)–'''[[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Yarlung Tsangpo]]''' (main stem 2,229 km; 241,691 km²; 2,899 m³/s) → Total length 3,848 km;<ref name="The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau">{{cite journal|journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260524184_The_impact_of_climate_change_on_runoff_in_the_Yarlung_Tsangpo_River_basin_in_the_Tibetan_Plateau|title=The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau|last1=Li|first1=Fapeng|last2=Xu|first2=Zongxue|last3=Liu|first3=Wenfeng|last4=Zhang|first4=Yongqiang|doi=10.1007/s00477-013-0769-z|volume=28|pages=517–526|date=2014}}</ref>}}{{refn|name=Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin|group=n|The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna is the '''second largest river in the world by discharge'''. Between 1990 and 2020, about 1,350 km³/year (period from 1921 to 1985: 43,704 m³/s) of freshwater flowed into the [[Bay of Bengal]] through the [[Ganges Delta]]. This includes the amount of water diverted from the Ganges at [[Farakka Barrage]] and flowing out through the mouth of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. This combined river (total drainage area 1,731,334 km²) system delivers '''the largest amount of sediment in the world''' to the Bay of Bengal. Sediment load to some estimates, 1,840–2,177 million tons per year.<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR" />}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020|last1=Hanquan|first1=Yang|last2=Tianshen|first2=Mei|last3=Xiaoyan|first3=Chen|volume=16|number=2|doi=10.3390/rs16020396|doi-access=free|date=2024 |page=396 |bibcode=2024RemS...16..396Y }}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ganga-ganges-brahmaputra?catid=219&Itemid=0|title=Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios">{{cite journal|journal=Environmental Research Letters|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac8ca1|last1=Anne|first1=Gädeke|last2=Michel|first2=Wortmann|last3=Christoph|first3=Menz|last4=Saiful|first4=Islam|last5=Muhammad|first5=Masood|last6=Valentina|first6=Krysanova|last7=Stefan|first7=Lange|last8=Fred|first8=Fokko Hattermann|title=Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios|date=2022|volume=17|number=9|bibcode=2022ERL....17i4036G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|doi=10.3390/rs11050501|last1=Biswa|first1=Bhattacharya|last2=Maurizio|first2=Mazzoleni|last3=Reyne|first3=Ugay|title=Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products|date=2019|volume=11|issue=5|page=501 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019RemS...11..501B }}</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |url-access=subscription|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.001|title=Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers|last1=Xiang|first1=Huang|last2=Mika|first2=Sillanpää|last3=Egil|first3=T. Gjessing|last4=Rolf|first4=D. Vogt|publisher=ELSEVIER|location=Oslo (Norway), Lhasa (China), Mikkeli (Finland)|url=https://www.academia.edu/14442737|volume=407|issue=24|pages=6242–6254|issn=0048-9697|date=2009|journal=Science of the Total Environment |pmid=19783282 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.6242H }}</ref><ref name="The Restless River">{{cite report|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471631520173475/pdf/The-Restless-River-Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra-Jamuna.pdf|title=The Restless River|docket=Yarlung Tsangpo–Siang–Brahmaputra–Jamuna|last1=Ganesh|first1=Pangare|last2=Bushra|first2=Nishat|last3=Xiawei|first3=Liao|last4=Halla|first4=Maher Qaddumi|publisher=World Bank Group, United Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|location=Washington (United States)|page=428|date=2021|website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America|NA]]8||'''[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]''' | || {{formatnum:21300}} ||{{formatnum:3265753}}|| {{formatnum:6084}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Mexico]]||{{refn|name=Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi with [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]; Average discharge at [[Mississippi Delta]] 673 km³/year (Mississippi 474, Atchafalaya 199 km³/year), 1981–2021; Source or headwater: Mississippi (lower and middle Mississippi main stem 1,954 km)–'''[[Missouri River|Missouri]]''' (main stem 3,726 km, drainage area 1,376,180 km², average discharge 2,778 m³/s)–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]] (134 km, 24,915 km², 69 m³/s)–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]] (111 km, 12,318 km², 41 m³/s)–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]] (113 km, 4,092 km², 16 m³/s)–[[Hell Roaring Creek]] (46 km, 441 km², 4 m³/s) → Total length 6,084 km;<ref name="Missouri">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/missouri?catid=320&Itemid=637|title=Missouri|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data">{{cite web |url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dvstat/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=07289000&amp;por_07289000_79165=1872479,00060,79165,2008-01-01,2022-09-29&amp;format=html_table&amp;stat_cds=mean_va&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |title=Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data |date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|doi-access=free|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|number=19|page=3044 |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}</ref><ref name="Lower Mississippi">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/lower-mississipi?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Lower Mississippi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)">{{cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/mississippiatchafalaya-river-basin-marb|title=The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)|date=March 24, 2015|website=epec.gov}}</ref><ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin">{{cite report|last1=Donald A.|first1=Goolsby|last2=William A.|first2=Battaglin|last3=Gregory B.|first3=Lawrence|last4=Richard S.|first4=Artz|last5=Brent T.|first5=Aulenbach|last6=Richard P.|first6=Hooper|last7=Dennis R.|first7=Keeney|last8=Gary J.|first8=Stensland|title=Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin|url=http://rcn.montana.edu/Resources/LRES555/Final_Exam/CENRreport.pdf|publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5164/|title=Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007|last1=William A.|first1=Battaglin|last2=Brent T.|first2=Aulenbach|last3=Aldo|first3=Vecchia|last4=Herbert T.|first4=Buxton|publisher=USGS}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS9||'''[[Yenisei]]''' | || {{formatnum:20200}}|| {{formatnum:2588752}}|| {{formatnum:5816}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Yenisei|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 637 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Yenisei (lower and middle main stem 2,249 km)–'''[[Angara]]''' (main stem 1,849 km; drainage area 1,069,040 km²; average discharge 4,530 to 5,250 m³/s)–[[Lake Baikal]] (Selenga inflow–Angara outflow 238 km)–'''[[Selenga]]''' (main stem 1,024 km; 447,060 km²; 964 m³/s)–[[Ider River|Ider]] (456 km; 24,555 km²; 65 m³/s) → Total length 5,816 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|doi-access=free|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917|pmid=34824255|pmc=8617260|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://arcticgreatrivers.org/rivers|title=Arctic Great Rivers Observatory|website=arcticgreatrivers.org}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=217&catid=367&Itemid=179|title=Siberian Basins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean">{{cite report|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/60722.pdf|title=A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean|last1=V. V.|first1=Gordeev|last2=J. M.|first2=Martin|last3=I. S.|first3=Sidorov|last4=M. V.|first4=Sidorova|publisher=American Journal of Science (AJS)|location=Moscow (Russia), Tiksi Sakha (Yakutiya, Russia), Ispra (Italy)|volume=296|pages=664–691|date=1996|website=www.ajsonline.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA10||[[Paraná River|'''Paraná''']] | || {{formatnum:19706}}|| {{formatnum:2630667}}|| {{formatnum:4352}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Río de la Plata]]||{{refn|name=Paraná|group=n|The average discharge of the Paraná River at the [[Paraná Delta]] (19,706 m³/s), covers a 40-year period (1971–2010); Drainage area 2,630,667 km²; Source or headwater: Paraná (main stem 2,897 km)–'''[[Rio Grande (Paraná River tributary)|Rio Grande]]''' (length 1,455 km; drainage area 143,656 km²; average discharge 2,435 m³/s) → Total length 4,352 km; The common estuary of the Paraná and [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] rivers is the [[Río de la Plata|La Plata]]. The La Plata is about 327 km total length (inner fluvial zone 225 km). Its drainage basin is 3,182,064 km² (basin size with endorheic area 4,144,000 km²). It is estimated that about 27,225 m³/s of freshwater flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the estuary (1971–2010). Some consider the La Plata to be a river, others a bay.}}<ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT">{{cite report|url=https://cicplata.org/es/documentos-principales|title=Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT|website=www.cicplata.org|author=Comité Intergubernamental Coordinator (CIC)|publisher=CIC, Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment (UN), Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Organización of American States (OAS)|location=Buenos Aires (Argentina), Piso (Paraguay)|isbn=978-987-4187-01-7|page=308|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata">{{cite report|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca2141en/CA2141EN.pdf|title=Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata|author=FAO AQUASTAT|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)|location=Rome (Italy)|page=18|date=2016|website=www.openknowledge.fao.org}}</ref><ref name="La Plata (Parana)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/la-plata-parana?catid=336&Itemid=0|title=La Plata (Parana)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS11|| '''[[Lena River|Lena]]''' | || {{formatnum:18300}}|| {{formatnum:2492004}} || {{formatnum:4692}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Laptev Sea]]||{{refn|name=Lena|group=n|Average discharge at Lena Delta 581 km³/year, period from 1984 to 2018; Source or headwaters: Lena (lower and middle Lena main stem 2,714 km)–'''[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]''' (main stem 1,837 km, drainage area 234,219 km², average discharge 2,379 m³/s)–Vitimkan (141 km) → Total length 4,692 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kalugin|first1=A. S.|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|journal=Water Resources|date=1 October 2018|volume=45|issue=1|pages=102–111|doi=10.1134/S0097807818050366|bibcode=2018WRes...45S.102K|s2cid=134779637}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA12|| |[[Japurá River|'''Japurá''']] || {{formatnum:18122}}|| {{formatnum:276812}}|| {{formatnum:2816}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA13 | |[[Marañón River|'''Marañón''']] || {{formatnum:17400}}|| {{formatnum:364873}}|| {{formatnum:1905}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Marañón|group=n|Average discharge at San Regis, 1981–2020 (16,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Hydrologic source of Amazon River (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]);}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability">{{cite journal|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|title=The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability|last1=Claire|first1=F. Beveridge|last2=Jhan-Carlo|first2=Espinoza|last3=Simone|first3=Athayde|last4=Sandra|first4=Bibiana Correa|last5=Thiago|first5=B. A. Couto|last6=Sebastian|first6=A. Heilpern|last7=Clinton|first7=N. Jenkins|last8=Natalia|first8=C. Piland|last9=Renata|first9=Utsunomiya|last10=Sly|first10=Wongchuig|last11=Elizabeth|first11=P. Anderson|doi=10.1073/pnas.2306229121|volume=121|date=2024|number=22 |article-number=e2306229121 |doi-access=free |pmid=38722826 |pmc=11145265 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12106229B }}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón">{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/36155977|title=Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón|last=José|first=Serra Vega|page=75|date=2017|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)">{{cite journal|url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12543/1063|title=Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)|journal=Autoridad Nacional del Agua|date=1980|hdl=20.500.12543/1063}}</ref><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)">{{cite report|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/355773780/ANA-Cuenca-Maranon|title=Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)|author-link=ANA–Cuenca Marañon|publisher=Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA), INCLA (IC)|page=629|date=2015}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS14||'''[[Mekong]]''' | || {{formatnum:16010}}|| {{formatnum:773728}} || {{formatnum:4909}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[South China Sea]]||<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP|website=geftwap.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans">{{cite journal|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/29205|title=Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans|last1=Meybeck|first1=M.|last2=Ragu|first2=A.|website=epic.awi.de |date=1997 }}</ref><ref name="Mekong River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mekong-river?catid=190&Itemid=780|title=Mekong River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/mrcmekong.org/download/fmmp-reports/2A_HydrologicalHazards_LMB_21Dec2009.pdf|title=Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin|work=The Flood Management and Mitigation Programme, Component 2: Structural Measures & Flood Proofing in the Lower Mekong Basin|author=The Mekong River Comission (MRC)|publisher=Deltares, Royal Haskoning, UNESCO IHE|location=Delft (Nederland)|page=324|volume=2|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions">{{cite report|url=https://repository.unescap.org/items/b585c464-6f49-4cdb-8de3-b67d2cbebdef|title=A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions|docket=Water resources series|author=UN.ECAFE|publisher=United Nations (UN), Economic Comission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)|location=Bangkok (Thailand), New York (United States)|page=74|date=1966|website=repository.unescap.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use">{{cite report|url=https://repository-uat.unescap.org/items/f0b6dee2-349b-441f-baf9-35a542af4fab/full|title=Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use|author=Economic and Social Comission for Asia the Pacific (ESCAP)|publisher=United Nations (UN)|location=New York (United States), Bangkok (Thailand)|page=323|isbn=92-1-119705-8|issn=0082-8130|number=74|date=1995|website=repository-uat.unescap.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS15|| '''[[Ganges]]''' | ||{{formatnum:15800}} || {{formatnum:1089370}}|| {{formatnum:2704}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Padma, [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{r|group=n|Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin}}{{refn|name=Ganges|group=n|Average discharge 500 km³/year (period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]] (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Padma Ganges (main stem 236 km)–Ganges or Ganga (main stem 2,013 km)–[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] (length 205 km, drainage area 6,921 km², average discharge 258 m³/s) → Total length 2,704 km;}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020"/><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra"/><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios"/><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS16||'''[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]''' | || {{formatnum:15400}}|| {{formatnum:411516}} || {{formatnum:2288}} ||bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Andaman Sea]]||{{refn|name=Irrawaddy|group=n|Average discharge at [[Irrawaddy Delta]] 486 km³/year; Source or headwater: Irrawaddy (main stem 1,997 km)–'''[[N'Mai River|N'Mai]]''' (main stem 352 km, 24,337 km², 1,383 m³/s)–Khakabo Razi (57 km) → Total length 2,288 km;}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|date=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans"/><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/irrawaddy-ayeyarwaddy?catid=275&Itemid=780|title=Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="cbsharma">{{cite book|author=Webersik|first=Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nufdUc0Ps0C|title=Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges|publisher=Praeger|date=2010|isbn=9780313380075|pages=45}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS17||'''[[Ob]]''' | || {{formatnum:13100}}|| {{formatnum:3023973}} || {{formatnum:5525}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Gulf of Ob]]||{{refn|name=Ob|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 414 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Ob (lower Ob main stem 1,277 km)–'''[[Irtysh]]''' (main stem 3,576 km; drainage area 1,691,000 km²; average discharge 2,995 m³/s, period 1971–2000)–'''Black Irtysh''' (or Kara Irtysh; 672 km; 53,000 km², 354 m³/s) → Total length 5,525 km;<ref name="The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions">{{cite report|title=The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions|url=https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/a7f/EDB_2025_Irtysh_Report_ENG.pdf|last1=Evgeny|first1=Vinokurov|last2=Arman|first2=Ahunbaev|last3=Stanislav|first3=Chuyev|last4=Asset|first4=Adakhayev|last5=Tulegen|first5=Sarsembekov|publisher=Eurasian Development Bank (EDB)|location=Almaty (Kazakhstan)|page=54|date=2025|website=eabr.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA18|| |'''[[Tapajós]]'''|| {{formatnum:12800}}|| {{formatnum:492263}}|| {{formatnum:2291}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Tapajós|group=n|Average discharge at [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] 12,800 m³/s, 1985–2018 (13,540 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tapajós (main stem 810 km)–'''[[Teles Pires]]''' (or São Manoel – length 1,481 km, drainage area 141,987 km², 3,961 m³/s) → Total length 2,291 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|title=A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin|last1=Marcos|first1=Heil Costa|last2=Carlos|first2=Henrique C. Oliveira|last3=Ricardo|first3=G. Andrade|last4=Thiago|first4=R. Bustamante|last5=Fabrício|first5=A. Silva|last6=Michael|first6=T. Coe|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2000JD000309|doi=10.1029/2000JD000309|pages=6–9|volume=107|issue=20|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8039C }}</ref><ref name="Long‐term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001JD000740|title=Long-term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin|last1=Michael|first1=T. Coe|last2=Marcos|first2=Heil Costa|last3=Aurélie|first3=Botta|last4=Charon|first4=Birkett|volume=107|issue=20|doi=10.1029/2001JD000740|pages=11–17|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8044C }}</ref><ref name="UHE São Manoel">{{cite report|url=https://www.saomanoelenergia.com.br/sites/edpbrsaomanoel/files/documentos_oficias_-_eia_uhe_sao_manoel_-_volume_2.pdf|title=UHE São Manoel|docket=Usina Hidrelétrica São Manoel|publisher=Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA)|author=Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE)|volume=2|page=231|date=2008|website=saomanoelenergia.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas">{{cite book|url=https://www.ana.gov.br/arquivos/institucional/sge/CEDOC/Catalogo/2013/planoEstrategicoDeRecursos.pdf|last1=Ney|first1=Maranhão|last2=Laura|first2=Tillmann Viana|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Carlos André|first4=Cascelli|last5=Alessandro|first5=Mendes|last6=Raphael|first6=Guimarães|last7=Bárbara|first7=de Castro|last8=Danúzia|first8=Queiroz|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|date=2012|isbn=978-85-89629-91-1|title=Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas}}</ref><ref name="The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil">{{cite journal|journal=Agrarian and Biological Sciences|doi=10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553|url=https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32553|volume=11|date=2022|last1=Guilherme|first1=Augusto Borge|last2=Gabriel|first2=Mancilla|last3=Auberto José|first3=Barros Siqueira|last4=Maurício|first4=Vancine|last5=Milton|first5=Cezar Ribeiro|last6=João|first6=Carlos de Souza Maia|title=The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil|number=10 |pages=e448111032553 }}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/><ref name="Lynch2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|title=The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters|first=Christine|last=Lynch|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528103830/http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|archive-date=2014-05-28}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|NA19||'''[[St. Lawrence River|St Lawrence River]]''' | || {{formatnum:12500}} || {{formatnum:1057304}}|| {{formatnum:3058}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Gulf of St. Lawrence]]||{{refn|name=St. Lawrence River|group=n|St. Lawrence River at [[Quebec City]]: average discharge (1968–2023) 12,500 m³/s, drainage basin 1,057,304 km², length 3,058 km (source to [[L'Islet, Quebec|L' Islet]]); St. Lawrence River at [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|Pointe-des-Monts]] Lighthouse: length 3,380 km, drainage basin 1,266,642 km², average discharge 17,600 m³/s (1969–2023); Source or headwater: St. Lawrence River (main stem 646 km – main stem with estuary 968 km)–[[Lake Ontario]] (Niagara inflow–St. Lawrence River outflow 311 km)–'''[[Niagara River|Niagara]]''' (length 58 km; drainage area 684,000 km²; average discharge 5,885 m³/s)<ref name="One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission">{{cite report|url=https://www.ijc.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/135.pdf|title=One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission|author=International Niagara Board of Control|publisher=International Joint Comission|location=Cincinnati (Ohio, United States), Burlington (Ontario, United States),Washington D.C. (United States), Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)|website=www.ijc.org|page=30|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Niagara Falls Info">{{cite web|url=https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/niagara-geological-areas/drianage-of-the-niagara-river|title=Niagara Falls Info|website=www.niagarafallsinfo.com |date=3 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04216000/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060--874388869|title=Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels">{{cite web|url=https://www.glc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2013-glc-annual-mackey.pdf|title=Great Lakes Water Levels|website=Great Lakes Comission|date=2016}}</ref>–[[Lake Erie]] (Detroit inflow–Niagara outflow 385 km)–'''[[Detroit River|Detroit]]''' (45 km; 595,052 km²; 5,324 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|url=https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/lec/research/be/docs/manning%20et%20al%202013.pdf|title=Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie|last1=Nathan|first1=F. Manning|last2=Christine|first2=M. Mayer|last3=Jonathan|first3=M. Bossenbroek|last4=Jeff|first4=T. Tyson|publisher=IAGLR, ELSEVIER|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.010|pages=295–302|volume=39|issue=2|date=2013 |bibcode=2013JGLR...39..295M }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04165710/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060-0|title=Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation">{{cite web|url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/349df482f78b401f8726b49ec185bd2e|title=The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation|website=storymaps.arcgis.com |date=5 February 2025 }}</ref>–[[Lake St. Clair]] (St. Clair River inflow–Detroit outflow 53 km)–'''[[St. Clair River]]''' (65 km; 583,509 km²; 5,200 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="The St. Clair River Area of Concern">{{cite web|url=https://www.friendsofstclair.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/St-Clair-River-AOC-Canadian-RAP-Implementation-Committee-2007-2010-Work-Plan-Summary-of-Accomplishments.pdf|title=The St. Clair River Area of Concern|website=www.friendsofstclair.ca}}</ref><ref name="Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering|title=Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984|url=https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1986/19860008.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:12(1182)|last1=Jan|first1=A. Derecki|last2=Frank|first2=H. Quinn|publisher=ASCE Manager of Journals|volume=112|issue=12|pages=1182–1194|date=1986|via=www.glerl.noaa.gov}}</ref>–[[Lake Huron]] (St. Marys River inflow–St. Clair River outflow 440 km)–'''[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|St. Marys River]]''' (120 km; 211,833 km²; 2,177 m³/s)<ref name="Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04127885/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-30208-0|title=Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" />–[[Lake Superior]] (St. Louis River inflow–St. Marys River outflow 616 km)–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis River]] (309 km; 9,410 km²; 147 m³/s)–[[North River (Minnesota)|North River]] (10 km) → Total length 3,058 km (with estuary 3,380 km);}}<ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">{{cite report|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|docket=Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences 378|last1=Peter|first1=Stewart Galbraith|last2=Joël|first2=Chassé|last3=Jean-Luc|first3=Shaw|last4=Jacqueline|first4=Dumas|last5=Marie-Noëlle|first5=Bourassa|publisher=Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada|location=Québec (Canada)|page=91|date=2024|isbn=978-0-660-71996-2|issn=1488-5417|website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/st-lawrence-great-lakes?catid=316&Itemid=563|title=St Lawrence–Great Lakes|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="rna">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. {{ISBN|978-0-12-088253-3}}. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS20||'''[[Amur]]''' | || {{formatnum:12360}}|| {{formatnum:2129700}} || {{formatnum:5498}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Strait of Tartary]]||{{refn|name=Amur|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 390 km³/year (2002–2020); Source or headwater: Amur (main stem 2,874 km)–'''[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]''' (main stem 965 km – Argun with Hailar total length 1,620 km, drainage area 300,977 km², average discharge 409 m³/s)–Dalan Orom (Xinkai) and [[Hulun Lake]] (Kherlen inflow–Dalan Orom outflow 94 km)–'''[[Kherlen River|Kherlen]]''' (1,565 km, 238,600 km², 54 m³/s) → Total length 5,498 km;}}<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|doi-access=free|volume=15|number=20|last=Andrey|first=Andreev|date=2023|page=4984|bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite report|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|publisher=Ecosystems Ltd., WWF |location=Vladivostok (Russia), Hong Kong, Beijing (China), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Washington (United States)|page=442|isbn=978-988-17227-1-3|date=2008|website=www.feu.awsassets.panda.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA21|| [[Tocantins River|'''Tocantins''']] | || {{formatnum:11800}}|| {{formatnum:777308}}|| {{formatnum:3100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Pará River|Rio Para]] ||{{refn|name=Tocantins|group=n|Average discharge 11,800 m³/s (1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tocantins (lower Tocantins main stem 473 km)–'''[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]''' (length 2,627 km, drainage area 386,073 km², average discharge 6,420 m³/s) → Total length 3,100 km; The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazonas branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the Tocantins River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The total length of the Rio Pará and Tocantins system is 2,850 km from the source of the [[Maranhão River|Maranhão]] River, and 3,100 km from the source of the [[Araguaia River|Araguaia]] River. Its total drainage area is approximately 1 million square kilometers. The Rio Para estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. It receives less water from the smaller northern tributaries originating on Marajó Island. The southern inflows are much more significant: the Anapu, the [[Pacajá River|Pacajá]], the [[Jacundá River (Pará)|Jacundá]], the Tocantins–Araguaia system, the [[Guamá River|Guamá]]–[[Capim River|Capim]] with its [[Acará River|Acará]]–[[Moju River (Acará)|Moju]] tributaries. Of these, the Tocantins is considered a separate water system from the Amazon. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. The annual average discharge of the Pará River (Rio Pará) before the mouth of the Tocantins River is approximately 10,000 m³/s. Of this, about 6,000 m³/s comes from the Amazon through the ''Breves Channel'' and the Furo do Tajapuru branch. The estuarine system of the Rio Pará and Tocantins is extremely complex. The discharge of the Tocantins fluctuates greatly seasonally. In drier periods, the Amazon River contributes to the discharge through the Breves Channel, so the average discharge of the entire estuary system can reach 21,000–26,000 m³/s at the Atlantic mouth;<ref name="Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil">{{cite journal |last1=Aquino |first1=Samia |last2=Latrubesse |first2=Edgardo |last3=Bayer |first3=Maximiliano |title=Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil |journal=Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis |date=2009 |volume=16 |number=2 |pages=119–128 |url=https://www.lajsba.sedimentologia.org.ar/index.php/lajsba/article/view/111}}</ref><ref name="A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system">{{cite journal |last1=Prestes |first1=Yuri Onça |last2=Borba |first2=Thais Angélica da Costa |last3=Silva |first3=Alex Costa da |last4=Rollnic |first4=Marcelo |title=A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |year=2020 |volume=28 |article-number=100668 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100668 |s2cid=213143882 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="The Estuary">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/the-estuary|title=The Estuary|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref><ref name="Marajó Bay">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/marajo-bay|title=Marajó Bay|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Tocantins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tocantins?catid=345&Itemid=0|title=Tocantins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras"/><ref name="Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins">{{cite web|title=Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins|url=https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br/sala-de-situacao/tocantins/boletins-tocantins-diario/boletim_13_tocantins_publica-1763991289.62.pdf|author=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|website=www.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese">{{cite report|url=https://biblioteca.ana.gov.br/sophia_web/Acervo/Detalhe/3357|title=Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese|last1=João Gilberto|first1=Lotufo Conejo|last2=José Luiz|first2=Gomes Zoby|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Eraldo|first4=Peres|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|location=Brasília (Brazil)|page=256|isbn=978-85-89629-55-3|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="Boletim Goiano de Geografia">{{cite report|url= https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4785584.pdf|doi=10.5216/bgg.v19i1.15341|title=Boletim Goiano de Geografia|work=The Araguaia–Tocantins Fluvial Basin|last1=José|first1=C. Stevaux|last2=Edgardo|first2=M. Latrubesse|last3=M.|first3=Bayer|last4=R.|first4=Prado|publisher=IESA-UFG|location=Federal University of Goiás (Brazil)|pages=120–127|volume=19|date=1999}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA22|| |[[Purus River|'''Purus''']] || {{formatnum:11207}}|| {{formatnum:378762}}|| {{formatnum:3361}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022">{{cite report|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1877/libro.pdf|title=Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022|last1=Dante|first1= Carhuavilca Bonett|last2=Anibal|first2=Sánchez Aguilar|last3=José Luis|first3=Robles Franco|last4=Javier|first4=Vásquez Chihuán|last5=Rosa|first5=Blas Alcántara|last6=Eliana|first6=Quispe Calmett|last7=Felixalberto|first7=Lavado Romani|last8=Ana|first8=Huauya Tacza|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INERI)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=557|date=2022|website=www.inei.gob.pe}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS23|| '''[[Pearl River|Pearl]]''' | || {{formatnum:10700}}|| {{formatnum:442527}} || {{formatnum:2400}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||{{refn|name=Pearl River|group=n|Average discharge at [[Pearl River Delta]] 336 km³/year (1953–2017); Source or headwater: Pearl River (main stem length 177 km)–'''[[Xi River|Xi]]''' (main stem 210 km; drainage area 338,899 km²; average discharge 7,420 m³/s)–'''[[Xun River|Xun]]''' (172 km, 314,096 km², 6,645 m³/s)–'''[[Qian River|Qian]]''' (121 km, 186,660 km², 3,901 m³/s)–'''[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]''' (670 km, 125,626 km², 2,381 m³/s)–'''[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]''' (950 km, 50,560 km², 685 m³/s) → Total length 2,400 km;}}<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|doi=10.3390/su11185007|doi-access=free|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|volume=11|number=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019 |page=5007 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}</ref><ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|title=Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center|publisher=Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2012-11-08|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203044933/http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|archivedate=2013-02-03 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF24|| |[[Kasai River|'''Kasai''']]|| {{formatnum:10457}}|| {{formatnum:884376}}|| {{formatnum:2272}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï">{{cite web |url=https://www.crrebac.org/blog/professeur-raphael-tshimanga-phd-hydrologie-2/conception-dun-reseau-optimal-de-suivi-hydrometeorologique-et-climatique-du-bassin-versant-de-kasai-120 |title=Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï |last=Dr. Raphael |first=M. Tshimanga |date=2019 |website=www.crrebac.org}}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA25||'''[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]''' | || {{formatnum:9910}}|| {{formatnum:1801938}}|| {{formatnum:4241}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Beaufort Sea]]||{{refn|name=Mackenzie|group=n|Average discharge at Mackenzie Delta 310 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Mackenzie (main stem 1,749 km)–[[Great Slave Lake]] (Slave inflow–Mackenzie outflow 135 km)–'''[[Slave River|Slave]]''' (main stem 434 km, drainage area 616,400 km², 3,451 m³/s)–'''[[Peace River|Peace]]''' (1,521 km, 306,000 km², 2,225 m³/s)–'''[[Finlay River|Finlay]]''' (402 km, 43,271 km², 680 m³/s) → Total length 4,241 km;}}<ref name="The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study">{{cite report|url=https://www.math.ualberta.ca/~bowman/clembowman.info/PDFs/Chapter8-June12.pdf|title=The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study|last=F. Pierre|first=Gingras|publisher=University of Alberta|pages=137–150|date=2013|website=www.math.ualberta.ca}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Mackenzie">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mackenzie?catid=308&Itemid=563|title=Mackenzie|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA26|| |[[Beni River|'''Beni''']]|| {{formatnum:9741}}|| {{formatnum:281367}}|| {{formatnum:1619}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madeira River|Madeira]]||{{refn|name=Beni|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth (period from 1968 to 1982); Source or headwater: Beni (main stem 1,178 km)–Alto Beni (main stem 178 km, drainage area 31,240 km², average discharge 637 m³/s)–[[Cotacajes River|Cotacajes]] (main stem 125 km, 8,310 km², 121 m³/s)–[[Sacambaya River|Sacambaya]] (37 km)–[[Ayopaya River|Ayopaya]] (40 km)–[[Leque River|Leque]] (37 km)–[[Tallija River|Tallija]] (24 km) → Total length 1,619 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE"/><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)"/><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA27 | |[[Xingu River|'''Xingu''']] || {{formatnum:9298}}|| {{formatnum:509685}}|| {{formatnum:2324}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Xingu|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1972–2003 (9,680 m³/s, period 1973 to 1990); Source or headwater: Xingu (main stem 1,640 km)–'''[[Culuene River|Culuene]]''' (length 684 km, 29,560 km², average discharge 543 m³/s) → Total length 2,324 km;}}<ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /><ref name="Lynch2012" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF28|| '''[[Niger River|Niger]]''' | || {{formatnum:8630}}|| {{formatnum:2273946}} || {{formatnum:4184}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Guinea]]||<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book|url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm|title=The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management|last1=Inger|first1=Andersen|last2=Ousmane|first2=Dione|last3=Martha|first3=Jarosewich-Holder|last4=Jean-Claude|first4=Olivry|last5=Katherin|first5=George Golitzen|isbn=9780821362037|date=2005|publisher=World Bank }}</ref><ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |date=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA29|| |[[Putumayo River|'''Putumayo''']]|| {{formatnum:8520}}|| {{formatnum:120545}}|| {{formatnum:2005}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |[[Europe|EU]]30|| '''[[Volga]]''' | || {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:1466717}}|| {{formatnum:3700}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Caspian Sea]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report">{{cite report|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=The Volga River Basin Report|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|publisher=UNESCO, UNEP, International Sediment Initiative|location=Moscow (Russia)|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="Volga">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/volga?catid=226&Itemid=550|title=Volga|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA31|| |[[Ohio River|'''Ohio''']]|| {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:528202}}|| {{formatnum:2102}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]||{{refn|name=Ohio|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1951–1996; Source or headwater: Ohio (main stem 1,579 km)–'''[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]''' (length 523 km, drainage area 30,247 km², average discharge 580 m³/s) → Total length 2,102 km;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= Leeden |first= Frits van der |author2= Fcrimson L. Troise |author3= David Keith Todd |title= The Water Encyclopedia |edition= 2nd |year= 1990 |publisher= Lewis Publishers |location= Chelsea, Mich. |isbn= 0-87371-120-3 |page= [https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 126] |url= https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 }}</ref><ref name="Ohio">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ohio?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Ohio|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA32||'''[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]''' | || {{formatnum:8058}}|| {{formatnum:271807}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caribbean Sea]]||{{refn|name=Magdalena|group=n|Average discharge at [[Calamar, Bolívar|Calamar]], 1991–2020;}}<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua|title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/magdalena-cauca?catid=337&Itemid=0|title=Magdalena–Cauca|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA33|| '''[[Columbia River|Columbia]]''' | || {{formatnum:7478}}|| {{formatnum:724025}} || {{formatnum:2250}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pacific Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Columbia|group=n|Average discharge at [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]] 236 km³/year (period from 1979 to 2015); Source or headwater: Columbia (lower and middle Columbia main stem 515 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 1,954 km;)–'''[[Snake River|Snake]]''' (length 1,735 km, drainage area 260,939 km², average discharge 1,756 m³/s) → Total length 2,250 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Columbia River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/columbia?catid=184&Itemid=563|title=Columbia River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior">{{cite web|url=https://portoflewiston.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Appendix-U.pdf|title=Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy Liermann|last3=Dynesius|first3=Mats|last4=Revenga|first4=Carmen|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.1107887|date=2005|volume=308|issue=5720|pages=405–408|pmid=15831757|bibcode=2005Sci...308..405N|s2cid=34820022}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS34|| |'''Middle Ob'''|| {{formatnum:7428}}|| {{formatnum: 1040000}}|| {{formatnum:3061}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ob]]||{{refn|name=Middle Ob|group=n|Ob River above Irtysh River; Average discharge 7,428 m³/s (1971–2000); Drainage area 1,040,000 km²; Source or headwater: Middle and Upper Ob (main stem 2,373 km)–'''[[Katun (river)|Katun]]''' (length 688 km, drainage area 60,900 km², average discharge 652 m³/s) → Total length 3,061 km;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA35|| [[Uruguay River|'''Uruguay''']] | || {{formatnum:7058}}|| {{formatnum:353451}}|| {{formatnum:2408}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Río de la Plata ||{{refn|name=Uruguay|group=n|Average discharge at [[Nueva Palmira]], 1971–2010; Source or headwater: Uruguay (main stem 1,838 km)–'''[[Canoas River|Canoas]]''' (length 570 km, drainage area 14,884 km², average discharge 309 m³/s) → Total length 2,408 km;}}<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA36|| '''[[Yukon River|Yukon]]''' | || {{formatnum:7000}}|| {{formatnum:861461}}|| {{formatnum:3185}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Norton Sound]]||<ref name="Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta">{{cite book |url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf |title=Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta |last1=Douglas |first1=J. Martin |last2=Clifford |first2=J. Whitmus |last3=Lon |first3=E. Hachmeister |date=1987}}</ref><ref name="Yukon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=145&catid=315&Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yukon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994204/pdf/wri994204.pdf|title=Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada|last1=Timothy|first1=P. Brabets|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|page=114|date=2000|website=pubs.usgs.gov}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA37|| |[[Napo River|'''Napo''']]|| {{formatnum:6800}}|| {{formatnum:103308}}|| {{formatnum:1130}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Napo|group=n|Average discharge at Bellavista, 1981–2020;}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/10462866|title=Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo|last=Laborde|first=Jorge Lopez|date=January 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS38|| '''[[Salween River|Salween]]''' | || {{formatnum:6691}}|| {{formatnum:283500}}|| {{formatnum:3289}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|number=9|date=2020|article-number=e2020JF005554 |issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B}}</ref><ref name="Salween (Nu river)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/salween-nu-river?catid=282&Itemid=780|last=Eric|first=Tilman|title=Salween (Nu river)|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/><ref name="Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future">{{cite report|url=https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:81d5fdd6-0adb-456b-ba27-902f76fd70f1|title=Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future|last=Rens|first=Hasman|publisher=Deltares, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)|location=Delft (Netherlands)|page=215|date=2014|website=repository.tudelft.nl}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1467|last1=Aoyang|first1=He|last2=Jiangcheng|first2=Huang|last3=Zhengbao|first3=Sun|last4=Jingyi|first4=Zhou|last5=Cheng|first5=Yang|doi=10.3390/rs15051467|doi-access=free|page=16|volume=15|issue=5|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |[[Oceania|OC]]39|| '''[[Fly River|Fly]]''' | || {{formatnum:6500}}|| {{formatnum:73809}}|| {{formatnum:1050}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Papua]]||<ref name="Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño">{{cite journal |journal=Geophysical |title=Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JF000669 |last1=Andrea |first1=S. Ogston |last2=Richard |first2=W. Sternberg |last3=Charles |first3=A. Nittrouer |last4=D. Preston |first4=Martin |last5=Miguel |first5=A. Goñi |last6=John |first6=S. Crockett |volume=113 |page=18 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000669 |date=2008 |number=F1 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S11O}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region">{{cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11017/211 |title=Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region |last1=David |first1=Lawrence |last2=Tim |first2=Cansfield-Smith |date=1990 |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |hdl=11017/211 |isbn=978-0-642-12028-1 }}</ref><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/wiki/Main_Page|title=DFO – Flood Observatory|website=floodobservatory.colorado.edu}}</ref><ref name="The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment">{{cite report|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6969|title=The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)|publisher=IUCN|location=Gland (Switzerland)|page=86|isbn=978-2-8317-0236-0|website=portals.iucn.org}}</ref><ref name="Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River">{{cite report|url=https://nesptropical.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NESP-Project-2.2.1-Final-Report.pdf|title=Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River|last=Jane|first=Waterhouse|publisher=Tropical Water Quality (TWQ), National Environmental Science Program (NESP), Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited (RRRC)|location=James Cook University, Town (Australia)|page=184|isbn=978-1-925514-27-8|date=2018}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU40|| '''[[Danube]]''' | || {{formatnum:6452}}|| {{formatnum:801463}}|| {{formatnum:2850}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Black Sea]]||<ref name="Danube">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179 |title=Danube |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers of Europe">{{cite book|url=https://www.jcerni.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/camaro-d/192%20The%20Danube%20River%20Basin.pdf|title=Rivers of Europe|chapter=The Danube River Basin|last1=Klement|first1=Tockner|last2=Christopher|first2=T. Robinson|last3=Urs|first3=Uehlinger|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-369449-2|doi=10.1016/B978.0-12-369449-2.X0001-X|pages=59–112|date=2009 |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/second-assessment-transboundary-rivers-lakes-and-groundwaters#|title=Drainage basin of the Black Sea|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis">{{cite conference |url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html |conference=6th Water Resources and Wetlands 2023–Eco friendly meeting: Tulcea (Romania) |title=The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis |last1=Petre |first1=Gâștescu |last2=Petre |first2=Bretcan |last3=Elena |first3=Tuchiu |publisher=Romanian Limnogeographical Association (RLA) |location=Tulcea, Călăraşi, Bucharest (Romania) |page=16 |issn=2285-7923 |date=2023 |website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)">{{cite report|url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/8/32944.pdf|title=Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)|last=Bondar|first=Constantin|publisher=National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar)|location=Bucharest (Romania)|page=13|website=www.osce.org|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime">{{cite report|url=https://www.limnology.ro/water2012/Proceedings/001.pdf|title=The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime|last1=Gâştescu|first1=Petre|last2=Țuchiu|first2=Elena|docket=Water resources and wetlands: Conference Proceedings|location=Tulcea, Romania|editor-first1=Petre|editor-last1=Gâştescu|editor-first2=William |editor-last2=Lewis William Jr|editor-first3=Petre|editor-last3=Breţcan|date=2012|isbn=978-606-605-038-8|page=18|website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Buletin hidrologic zilnic">{{cite report|url=https://www.hidro.ro/bulletin_type/buletin-hidrologic-zilnic|title=Buletin hidrologic zilnic|docket=Diagnoza și prognoza pentru Dunăre|author=Institutul Nacional de Hidrologie și Gospodărire a Apelor (I. N. H. G. A.)|publisher=I.N.H.G.A.|location=Bucharest (Romania)|website=www.hidro.ro}}</ref><ref name="TNMN Yearbooks">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/tnmn-yearbooks|title=TNMN Yearbooks|docket=Water Quality in the Danube River Basin|last=Igor|first=Liska|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA41 || |[[Madre de Dios River|'''Madre de Dios''']]|| {{formatnum:6372}}|| {{formatnum:125287}}|| {{formatnum:1210}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Beni River|Beni]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE" /><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS42|| '''[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]''' | || {{formatnum:6012}}|| {{formatnum:94457}}|| {{formatnum:1143}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |doi=10.1002/2016JG003701 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380 |last1=Ting-Hsuan |first1=Huang |last2=Chen-Tung |first2=Arthur Chen |last3=Hsiao-Chun |first3=Tseng |last4=Jiann-Yuh |first4=Lou |last5=Shu Lun |first5=Wang |last6=Liyang |first6=Yang |last7=Selvaraj |first7=Kandasamy |last8=Xuelu |first8=Gao |last9=Jough-Tai |first9=Wang |last10=Edvin |first10=Aldrian |last11=G.S. |first11=Jacinto |last12=Gusti Z. |first12=Anshari |last13=Penjai |first13=Sompongchaiyakul |last14=B.J. |first14=Wang |title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS |date=May 2017 |s2cid=135024272 |volume=122 |number=5 |pages=1239–1259}}</ref><ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/kalimantan-borneo?catid=277&Itemid=780 |title=Kalimantan–Borneo |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA43|| |[[Juruá River|'''Juruá''']]|| {{formatnum:6004}}|| {{formatnum:190573}}|| {{formatnum:3283}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF44 | |[[Ubangi River|'''Ubangi''']] || {{formatnum:5936}}|| {{formatnum:651915}}|| {{formatnum:2350}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ubangi|group=n|Average discharge, 1911–1983; Source or headwater: Ubangi (main stem 1,046 km)–'''[[Uele River|Uele]]''' (main stem 864 km, drainage area 140,155 km², average discharge 1,468 m³/s)–[[Kibali River|Kibali]] (440 km, 22,380 km², 175 m³/s) → Total length 2,350 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin">{{cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764|doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |year=2018 |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=Da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 }}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA45 | |[[Meta River|'''Meta''']] || {{formatnum:5694}}|| {{formatnum:106733}}|| {{formatnum:1100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Orinoco]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS46|| '''[[Indus River|Indus]]''' | || {{formatnum:5589}}|| {{formatnum:1143101}}|| {{formatnum:3600}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Arabian Sea]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Indus">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indus?catid=220&Itemid=0|title=Indus|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya">{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7|chapter=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India|title=Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya|series=Society of Earth Scientists Series|date=2015|last1=Khan|first1=Abul A.|last2=Pant|first2=Naresh C.|last3=Goswami|first3=Anuj|last4=Lal |first4=Ravish|last5=Joshi|first5=Rajesh|pages=67–84|isbn=978-3-319-13742-1}}</ref><ref name="The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River">{{cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/74/15/the-geographical-and-traditional-sources-of-the-indus-river|title=The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River|last=Seregei|first=Balalaev|date=2026|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS47|| |[[Aldan (river)|'''Aldan''']] || {{formatnum:5501}}|| {{formatnum:717203}}|| {{formatnum:2273}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Lena River|Lena]]||<ref name="Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires">{{cite book|doi=10.3390/ECWS-3-05801|doi-access=free|last1=Evgenii|first1=I. Ponomarev|last2=Tatiana|first2=V. Ponomarev|title=Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires|chapter=Response of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires |date=2018|volume=7|number=1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA48 | |[[Branco River|'''Rio Branco''']]|| {{formatnum:5300}}|| {{formatnum:192393}}|| {{formatnum:1454}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]||{{refn|name=Rio Branco|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1980–2006; Source or headwater: Rio Branco (main stem 802 km)–'''[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]''' (length 652 km, drainage area 49,630 km², average discharge 1,500 m³/s) → Total length 1,454 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional">{{cite report|url=https://www.agbbauru.org.br/publicacoes/revista/anoXXV_2/agb_xxv_2_web/agb_xxv_2-14.pdf|title=Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional|last1=Thiago|first1=Moratode Carvalho|last2=Rúbson|first2=Pinheiro Maia|last3=Carlos|first3=Sander|publisher=Ciência Geográfica, Associação dos Geografos Brasileiro — Seção Bauru|location=Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidade Federal do Ceará|pages=657–681|volume=15|date=2021|website=www.agbbauru.org.br}}</ref><ref name="Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia">{{cite report|url=https://coc.ufrj.br/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/41068/48796/Augusto-Cesar-Vieira-Getirana-_D.pdf|title=Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia|last1=Augusto César|first1=Vieira Getirana|last2=Webe João|first2=Mansur|last3=Marie-Paule|first3=Bonnet|last4=Frédérique|first4=Seyler|last5=Nelson Luis|first5=da Costa Dias|last6=Otto Corrêa|first6=Rotunno Filho|last7=Serge|first7=Chauzy|last8=Walter|first8=Collischonn|publisher=Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Coordenação dos Programas de Pós–Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE)|location=Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)|page=273|doi=10.1002/hyp|date=2009|website=coc.ufrj.br |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA49 | |'''Upper Orinoco'''|| {{formatnum:5294}}|| {{formatnum:100975}}|| {{formatnum:890}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||{{refn|name=Upper Orinoco|group=n|Orinoco River above Guaviare River;}}<ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA50 | |[[Javary River|'''Javary''']]|| {{formatnum:5194}}|| {{formatnum:108966}}|| {{formatnum:1309}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF51|| '''[[Ogooué River|Ogooué]]''' | || {{formatnum:5142}}|| {{formatnum:225548}} || {{formatnum:1200}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Site ramsar bas Ogooue">{{cite conference|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/GA1851RISformer_160316.pdf|title=Site ramsar bas Ogooue|conference=Session de la Conférence des Parties contractantes|publisher=FDR|page=22|date=2008|location=Liberville, Gabon|last1=Mengue|first1=Medou|last2=Ondamba|first2=Ombanda|last3=Ndjokounda|first3=Come|last4=Mounganga|first4=Magloir-Désiré|last5=Bayani|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Mikala|first6=Rufin|website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348187946|title=Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data|date=September 2018|conference=AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin|location=Washington DC|website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC52||'''[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]''' | || {{formatnum:5014}}|| {{formatnum:78957}} || {{formatnum:1112}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean||{{refn|name=Mamberamo|group=n|Average discharge at Mamberamo Delta 158.23 km³/year (2003–2012); Source or headwaters: Mamberamo (main stem 283 km)–'''[[Taritatu River|Taritatu]]''' (main stem 650 km, drainage area 47,803 km², average discharge 2,703 m³/s)–[[Waruta River|Waruta]] (179 km, 4,296 km², 123 m³/s) → Total length 1,112 km;}}<ref name="Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia">{{cite report|url=https://www.restec.or.jp/geoss_ap2/pdf/0415/wg2/sr1/06.pdf|title=Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia|publisher=Indonesian Hydrological Society|last=Joesron|first=Loebis|date=2008|website=www.restec.or.jp}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2014_Pola%20PSDA%20Mamberamo%20Tami%20Apauvar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2014}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC53||'''[[Sepik]]''' | || {{formatnum:5000}}|| {{formatnum:80386}} || {{formatnum:1126}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bismarck Sea]]||{{refn|name=Sepik|group=n|Average discharge at [[Angoram]], 1964–1980;}}<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">{{cite report|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)|location=Canberra (Australia)|page=212|date=1977|isbn=0-7081-0410-X|website=openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA54|| |[[Caroní River|'''Caroní''']] || {{formatnum:4981}}|| {{formatnum:95442}}|| {{formatnum:952}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | SA55 | |[[Juruena River|'''Juruena''']] || {{formatnum:4937}}|| 192,628||{{formatnum:1240}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tapajós]]||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU56|| '''[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]''' | || {{formatnum:4877}}|| {{formatnum:312763}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Barents Sea]]||<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">{{cite journal |title=Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea |last1=Vladimir |first1=Rogozhin |last2=Alexander |first2=Osadchiev |last3=Olga |first3=Konivalova |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |date=2023 |volume=10 |article-number=1052044 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1052044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1052044R }}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=126&catid=298&Itemid=179|title=Northern Europe|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA57 | |'''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'''–[[Canumã River|'''Canumã''']] || {{formatnum:4804}}|| {{formatnum:133212}}|| {{formatnum:1313}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Paraná do Urariá–Canumã|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Paraná do Urariá (main stem 408 km)–'''[[Canumã River|Canumã]]''' (main stem 218 km, drainage area 52,208 km², average discharge 2,135 m³/s)–'''[[Sucunduri River|Sucunduri]]''' (687 km, 26,541 km², 943 m³/s) → Total length 1,313 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS58|| | '''[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]'''|| {{formatnum:4753}}|| {{formatnum:69871}}|| {{formatnum:1040}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Old Brahmaputra River|Old Brahmaputra]], Lower Meghna ||<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020" /><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III" /><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS59|| |[[Chindwin River|'''Chindwin''']]|| {{formatnum:4740}}|| {{formatnum:114685}}|| {{formatnum:1207}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]||<ref name="Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.">{{cite report|title=Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.|work=Myanmar 1. Chindwin River|url=http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_06/Myanmar-1_Chindwin_River.pdf|last1=Hidetaka|first1=Chikamori|last2=Liu|first2=Heng|last3=Trevor|first3=Daniel|publisher=UNESCO–IHP|location=Yokohama (Japan)|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS60|| '''[[Rajang River|Rajang]]''' | || {{formatnum:4715}}|| {{formatnum:52009}}|| 773 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River">{{cite thesis|last=Sien Aun |first=Edwin Sia |title=Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River|date=2019|degree=Doctor of Philosophy|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|access-date=7 March 2022|publisher=Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science - Swinburne University of Technology|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109085640/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA61|| |[[Paraguay River|'''Paraguay''']]|| {{formatnum:4696}}|| {{formatnum:1120154}}|| {{formatnum:2621}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Paraná River|Paraná]]||<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS62 | |'''[[Gan River|Gan]]'''|| {{formatnum:4658}}|| {{formatnum:162225}}|| {{formatnum:885}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yangtze]]||{{refn|name=Gan|group=n|Average discharge from the Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River is 147 km³/year (1960–2022); Total drainage area 162,225 km²; Source or headwater: Gan (main stem 572 km – Average discharge into the Lake Poyang 2,865 m³/s, drainage area 103,074 km²)–[[Lake Poyang]]–'''[[Gong River|Gong]]''' (length 313 km, drainage area 27,074 km², 700 m³/s) → Total length 885 km;}}<ref name="Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake">{{cite report|url=https://bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org/journal/vol38/iss12/18|title=Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake|last1=Zhang|first1=Qi|last2=Xue|first2=Chenyang|last3=Xia|first3=Jun|publisher=China Academic Journals|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1894–1902|date=2023|website=bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS63|| '''[[Barito River|Barito]]''' | || {{formatnum:4514}}|| {{formatnum:78632}} || {{formatnum:1090}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]]||{{refn|name=Barito|group=n|Average discharge at Barito Delta, 2003–2016; Source or headwater: Barito (main stem 832 km)–'''Murung''' (length 258 km, drainage area 7,411 km², average discharge 555 m³/s) → Total length 1,090 km;}}<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF64|| |[[Ruki River|'''Ruki''']]|| {{formatnum:4500}}|| {{formatnum:175293}}|| {{formatnum:1296}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ruki|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Ruki (main stem 105 km)–'''[[Busira River|Busira]]''' (main stem 305 km, drainage area 123,669 km², average discharge 3,343 m³/s)–'''[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]]''' (886 km, 51,468 km², 1,422 m³/s) → Total length 1,296 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River">{{cite web|url=https://www.xylem.com/en-om/resources/case-studies/the-annual-hydrograph-of-the-ruki-river|title=The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River|website=www.xylem.com|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA65 || | '''Upper Tocantins'''||{{formatnum:4448}} ||{{formatnum:308345}} ||{{formatnum:2167}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] ||{{refn|name=Upper Tocantins|group=n|Tocantins River above Araguaia River; Its average discharge at the mouth of the Araguaia 4,448 m³/s (period from 1971 to 2000); Source or headwater: Tocantins (upper Tocantins main stem 1,658 km → Total length lower and upper Tocantins 2,640 km)–'''[[Maranhão River|Maranhão]]''' (main stem 392 km, drainage area 41,383 km², average discharge 699 m³/s)–[[Arraial Velho River|Arraial Velho]] (117 km);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA66 | |[[Vaupés River|'''Vaupés''']] || {{formatnum:4345}}|| {{formatnum:64370}}|| {{formatnum:1381}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS67|| '''[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]''' | || {{formatnum:4341}}|| {{formatnum:170903}}|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Tonkin]]||<ref name="Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/SIM3235.pdf|title=Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010|last1=Paul|first1=J. Kinzel|last2=Jonathan|first2=M. Nelson|last3=Duong|first3=Duc Toan|last4=Mung|first4= Dinh Thanh|last5=Yasuyuki|first5=Shimizu|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|location=Sapporo (Japan), Golden (Colorado, United States), Hanoi (Vietnam)|website=www.pubs.usgs.gov|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River">{{cite report |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |title=Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River |date=2004 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS68|| '''[[Mahakam River|Mahakam]]''' | || {{formatnum:4278}}|| {{formatnum:77095}}|| 980 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Makassar Strait]]||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/files/2017_Pola%20PSDA%20Mahakam.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS69|| |[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska|'''Lower Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:4139}}|| {{formatnum:473000}}|| {{formatnum:2989}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA70||'''[[Atrato River|Atrato]]''' | || {{formatnum:4138}}|| {{formatnum:36231}}|| 750 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Urabá]]||<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">{{cite journal|title=Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia|last=Wilmar|first=Loaiza Cerón|journal=Water|date=2020|volume=12|number=1|page=216|doi=10.3390/w12010216|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020Water..12..216L |hdl=10251/176393|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="urlgeotest.tamu.edu">{{cite web |url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |title=Chapter 14 |work=The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads |accessdate=2011-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325144718/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF71|| '''[[Zambezi]]''' | || {{formatnum:4134}}|| {{formatnum:1474004}} || {{formatnum:3421}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Mozambique Channel]]||{{refn|name=Zambezi|group=n|Average discharge at Zambezi Delta 130.39 km³/year (1962–2002); Source or headwater: Zambezi (main stem 2,389 km)–'''[[Lungwebungu River|Lungwebungu]]''' (length 1,032 km, drainage area 44,368 km², average discharge 114 m³/s) → Total length 3,421 km; According to the latest research, the length of the Zambezi River from its traditional geographical source is 3,079 km ([[Zambia]]). The distance from the most remote source—at the headwaters of the Lungwebungu River in [[Angola]]—to the mouth is 3,421 km. In years when the [[Okavango River|Okavango]] experiences a good flood some of the water escapes east along the normally dry channel of the Magwekwana River into the Linyanti Swamp, thus entering the Zambezi basin. According to the GRDC, the combined catchment area of ​​the Zambezi and Okavango is 1,988,756 km².<ref name="Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security">{{cite report|title=Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/4557/2025|last1=Mauro|first1=Lourenco|last2=Rutledge|first2=S. Boyes|last3=Fenton|first3=P. D. Cotterill|last4=Tyrel|first4=Flügel|last5=Frank|first5=C. Nyoni|last6=Goabaone|first6=J. Ramatlapeng|last7=Rainer|first7=von Brandis|publisher=European Geosciences Union (EGU), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)|date=2025|volume=29|issue=18|website=hess.copernicus.org, www.egu.eu}}</ref>}}<ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zambezi-lake-malawi?catid=326&Itemid=0|title=Zambezi–Lake Malawi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis">{{cite report|url=https://cridf.net/RC/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/36ZambeziStateoftheBasinVol3.pdf|title=The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis|docket=State of the Basin|author=The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington D.C. (United States)|website=www.worldbank.org|page=202|volume=3|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /><ref name="Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River">{{cite journal |last1=Hamududu |first1=Byman |last2=Killingtveit |first2=Ånund |title=Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River |journal=Energies |date=2016 |volume=9 |issue=7 |page=502 |doi=10.3390/en9070502|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/2472289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU72|| |[[Kama (river)|'''Kama''']]|| {{formatnum:4119}}|| {{formatnum:523324}}|| {{formatnum:1805}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Volga]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS73|| '''[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]''' | || {{formatnum:4100}}|| {{formatnum:679934}}|| {{formatnum:2600}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kolyma Gulf]]||<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA74|| |[[Apaporis River|'''Apaporis''']]|| {{formatnum:4092}}|| {{formatnum:53509}}|| {{formatnum:1425}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Japurá River|Japurá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA75 || |[[Aripuanã River|'''Aripuanã''']]|| {{formatnum:4087}}|| {{formatnum:147224}}|| {{formatnum:1175}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA76|| '''[[Nelson River|Nelson]]''' | || {{formatnum:4024}}|| {{formatnum:1353555}}|| {{formatnum:2670}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Hudson Bay]]||{{refn|name=Nelson|group=n|Nelson with [[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[Nelson River Hydroelectric Project]]); Source or headwater: Nelson (main stem 644 km)–[[Lake Winnipeg]] (Saskstchewan inflow–Nelson outflow 87 km)–'''[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 547 km, drainage area 405,864"km², 634 m³/s)–'''[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 805 km, 131,442 km², 280 m³/s)–[[Bow River|Bow]] (587 km, 23,862 km², 129 m³/s) → Total length 2,670 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada">{{cite report|url=https://archipel.uqam.ca/3971/1/D2158.pdf|title=Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada|last=Éric|first=Rosa|publisher=Université du Québec á Montréal, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris|location=Montréal, Québec (Canada), Paris (France)|website=www.archipel.ugam.ca|page=189|date=2011}}</ref><ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">{{cite journal|journal=Research Article|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/291/2025/hess-29-291-2025.html|last1=Vivek|first1=K. Arora|last2=Aranildo|first2=Lima|last3=Rajesh|first3=Shrestha|page=291-312|volume=29|issue=1|title=The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model|doi=10.5194/hess-29-291-2025|date=2025|doi-access=free|bibcode=2025HESS...29..291A}}</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">{{cite journal |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |date=2021 |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |s2cid=236682638 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA77|| '''[[Fraser River|Fraser]]'''|| || {{formatnum:3972}}|| {{formatnum:245452}}|| {{formatnum:1375}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Strait of Georgia]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Fraser">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/fraser?catid=199&Itemid=563|title=Fraser|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada">{{cite report|url=http://awsassets.wwf.ca/downloads/wwf_canadas_riversatrisk_technicalreport.pdf|title=Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada|last1=Becky|first1=Swainson|last2=Brian|first2=Richter|last3=Tim|first3=Morris|last4=David|first4=Schindler|last5=Tom|first5=Le Quesne|last6=Allan|first6=Locke|publisher=WWF–Canada|page=96|date=2011|website=www.awsassets.wwf.ca}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA78 | |[[Huallaga River|'''Huallaga''']] || {{formatnum:3955}}|| {{formatnum:89691}}|| {{formatnum:1169}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Marañón River|Marañón]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA79 | |[[Jutaí River|'''Jutaí''']] || {{formatnum:3859}}|| {{formatnum:79374}}|| {{formatnum:1174}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA80|| '''[[La Grande River|La Grande]]''' | || {{formatnum:3808}}|| {{formatnum:209000}}|| 893 || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]]||{{refn|name=La Grande|group=n|La Grande–[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]–[[Eastmain River|Eastmain]]–[[Rupert River|Rupert]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]);}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/east-hudson-bay?catid=305&Itemid=563 |title=East Hudson Bay |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">{{cite journal |journal=Environmental Science |title=Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/20/4801/2016/hess-20-4801-2016.pdf |doi=10.5194/hess-20-4801-2016 |page=4801-4818 |volume=20 |last1=Stephen |first1=J. Déry |last2=Tricia |first2=A. Stadnyk |last3=Matthew |first3=K. MacDonald |last4=Bunu |first4=Gauli- Sharma |date=2016 |issue=12 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016HESS...20.4801D}}</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., ''Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume.'' July 2005 ([http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104610/http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf|date=5 June 2011}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA81|| |'''[[Upper Mississippi River|Upper Mississippi]]'''|| {{formatnum:3687}}|| {{formatnum:445591}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||{{refn|name=Upper Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi River above Missouri River;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU82|| '''[[Northern Dvina]]''' | || {{formatnum:3549}}|| {{formatnum:323573}} || {{formatnum:1800}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[White Sea]]||{{refn|name=Northern Dvina|group=n|Average discharge at Northern Dvina Delta, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Northern Dvina (main stem 670 km)–'''[[Vychegda]]''' (length 1,130 km, drainage area 119,888 km², 1,160 m³/s) → Total length 1,800 km;}}<ref name="About the Northern Dvina River">{{cite web|url=https://www.kotlas.org/kotlas/northern_dvina.php|title=About the Northern Dvina River|website=www.kotlas.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS83|| '''[[Godavari River|Godavari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3503}}|| {{formatnum:314829}}|| {{formatnum:1465}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indian-peninsula?catid=274&Itemid=780|title=Indian Peninsula|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA84|| |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|'''Caura''']] || {{formatnum:3500}}|| {{formatnum:49530}}|| {{formatnum:723}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación">{{cite report|title=Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-07/010010813.pdf|author=Comisión del Plan Nacional de Aprovechcurriento de los Recursos Hidráulicos (COPLANARH)|publisher=Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)|location=Caracas|page=283}}</ref><ref name="Scientia Guaianae">{{cite report|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344149488|title=Scientia Guaianae|work=Ecología de la Cuenca del Río Caura, Venezuela I. Caracterización general|docket=A series on natural sciences of the Guayana region|last1=Judith|first1=Rosales|last2=Otto|first2=Huber|last3=Paul|first3=Berry|last4=Henry|first4=Briceño|last5=Elvira|first5=Cuevas|last6=Gonzalo|first6=Febres F.|last7=Horst|first7=Fölster|last8=Stefan|first8=Gorzula|last9=Stephen|first9=S. Tillett|last10=Stanford|first10=Zent|last11=Gustavo|first11=Romero|last12=Aldred|first12=Znick|publisher=Fundacite–Guayana, UNEG, Wildlife Conservation Society, Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela|location=Caracas, Puerto Ordaz (Venezuela)|number=6|volume=1|page=152|issn=0798-1120|isbn=980-6020-34-0|date=1996}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF85 | |[[Benue River|'''Benue''']]|| {{formatnum:3477}}|| {{formatnum:338968}}|| {{formatnum:1440}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Niger River|Niger]]||<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Niger" /><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA86 | |[[Trombetas River|'''Trombetas''']] || {{formatnum:3437}}|| {{formatnum:126973}}|| {{formatnum:764}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA87 | |[[Inírida River|'''Inírida''']] || {{formatnum:3385}}|| {{formatnum:53795}}|| {{formatnum:1300}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA88|| |'''Upper Columbia''' || {{formatnum:3364}}|| {{formatnum:292316}}|| {{formatnum:1439}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Columbia River|Columbia]]||{{refn|name=Upper Columbia|group=n|Columbia River above Snake River;}}<ref name="Columbia River" /><ref name="USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013)">{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC89 | |[[Strickland River|'''Strickland''']] || {{formatnum:3328}}|| {{formatnum:36740}}|| {{formatnum:824}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Fly River|Fly]]||<ref name="Annual Environmental Report 2017">{{cite report|url=https://png-data.sprep.org/system/files/2017-Porgera-AER-Final.pdf|title=Annual Environmental Report 2017|author=Porgera Joint Venture|publisher=PNG Data Portal, CSIRO|location=Mount Hagen, Western Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea), Kinawee (Australia)|website=www.png-data.sprep.org|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF90 | |[[Kwango River|'''Kwango''']] || {{formatnum:3317}}|| {{formatnum:270904}}|| {{formatnum:1702}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kasai River|Kasai]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS91 | |'''[[Ghaghara]]''' || {{formatnum:3278}}|| {{formatnum:131948}}|| {{formatnum:1167}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Ganges]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /><ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341">{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=Sharad K.|last2=Agarwal|first2=Pushpendra K.|last3=Singh|first3=Vijay P.|title=Hydrology and water resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA341|accessdate=26 April 2011|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|page=341}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA92|| |'''[[Paranaiba River|Paranaiba]]''' || {{formatnum:3216}}|| {{formatnum:223582}}|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS93|| '''[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]''' | || {{formatnum:3200}}|| {{formatnum:371417}} || {{formatnum:1636}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Khatanga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 101 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Khatanga (main stem 227 km)–'''[[Kotuy River|Kotuy]]''' (length 1,409 km, drainage area 176,000 km², average discharge 1,282 m³/s) → Total length 1,636 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS94|| |[[Subansiri River|'''Subansiri''']] || {{formatnum:3197}}|| {{formatnum:34833}}|| {{formatnum:518}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin">{{cite journal |journal=Climate |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/1/18 |title=Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin |last1=Wahid |first1=Shahriar |last2=Sagar |first2=Ratna Bajracharya |last3=Shrestha |first3=Arun Bhakta |last4=Hossain |first4=Md. Shahadat |last5=Mazumder |first5=Liton Chandra |last6=Mazumder |first6=Tarun Kanti |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=18 |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC95|| '''[[Pulau River|Eilanden]]''' | || {{formatnum:3133}}|| {{formatnum:37164}} || 679 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Arafura Sea]]||<ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study">{{cite web|url=https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/display/JCP/Final+Reports|title=Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study|last1=van Beek|first1=E.|last2=Bons|first2=K.|last3=Brinkman|first3=J.|date=2013}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS96|| |'''Upper Yenisei'''|| {{formatnum:3090}}|| {{formatnum:344000}}|| {{formatnum:1843}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||{{refn|name=Upper Yenisei|group=n|Yenisei River above Angara River; Source or headwater: Upper Yenisei (main stem 1,238 km)–'''[[Great Yenisei]]''' (length 605 km, drainage area 56,800 km², average discharge 599 m³/s);}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF97|| '''[[Nile]]''' | || {{formatnum:3075}}|| {{formatnum:3826122}} || {{formatnum:7088}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mediterranean Sea]]||{{refn|name=longest|group=n|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650 km, and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400 km. In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992 km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853 km.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins. The dispute is: "Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?" A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088 km for the Nile and 6,575 km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions. According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate. Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.}}{{refn|name=Nile|group=n|The average flow rate measured at the [[Atbara River]] estuary (at [[Atbara]], [[Sudan]]) the most abundant point of the Nile (3,075 m³/s, 1971–2000); Average discharge at [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] ([[Egypt]]) 2,800 m³/s, at [[Nile Delta]] 150 m³/s (2009–2018); The total topographic drainage basin of the Nile, including desert areas, is approximately 3,826,122 km² according to the GRDC; Source or headwater: Nile (main stem 2,950 km)–'''[[White Nile]]''' (main stem 2,300 km, drainage area 1,849,988 km², average discharge at [[Khartoum]] 897 m³/s)–'''[[Albert Nile]]''' (210 km, 428,830 km², 1,039 m³/s)–[[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]]–[[Lake Kyoga]]–'''[[Victoria Nile]]''' (423 km, 351,576 km², 906 m³/s) –[[Lake Victoria]] (Kagera inflow–Victoria Nile outflow 280 km)–'''[[Kagera River|Kagera]]''' (main stem 572 km, 58,579 km², 346 m³/s)–[[Lake Rweru]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]] (main stem 271 km, 15,868 km², 112 m³/s)–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]] (main stem 14 km, 1,269 km², 11 m³/s)–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]] (49 km, 518 km², 4.8 m³/s) → Total length 7,088 km – '''The longest river in the world''';}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Nile River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/nile?catid=186&Itemid=496|title=Nile River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /><ref name="Water accounting in the Nile River Basin">{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment">{{cite report|url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-river-nile-evolution-and-environment-34na4lyy.pdf|title=The River Nile: Evolution and Environment|docket=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management|last1=Jamie|first1=C. Woodward|last2=Mark|first2=G. Macklin|last3=Michael|first3=D. Krom|last4=Martin|first4=A.J. Williams|publisher=The University of Manchaster|location=Manchaster (United Kingdom)|doi=10.1002/9781119412632.ch14|page=51|date=2023|website=scispace.com |isbn=978-1-119-41260-1 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS98|| '''[[Musi River (Indonesia)|Musi]]''' | || {{formatnum:3066}}|| {{formatnum:59942}} || 759 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Sumatra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/sumatra?catid=285&Itemid=780|title=Sumatra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-08/010082415.pdf|last1=Delphine|first1=Dobler|last2=Elodie|first2=Martinez|last3=Rinny|first3=Rahmania|last4=Budhi Gunadharma|first4=Gautama|last5=A. Riza|first5=Farhan|title=Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling|publisher=Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Agence Française de Développement (AFD)|page=96|date=2021|isbn=979-10-699-7188-2|website=www.horizon.documentation.ird.fr}}</ref><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia">{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7|title=The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia|last1=Francisca|first1=Wit|last2=Tim|first2=Rixen|last3=Antje|first3=Baum|last4=Widodo|first4=S. Pranowo|last5=Andreas|first5=A. Hutahaean|journal=Scientific Reports |year=2018|volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=17403 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7 |doi-access=free|pmid=30479397 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817403W |pmc=6258705}}</ref><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia">{{cite journal|url=https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/17/2019/|doi=10.5194/bg-16-17-2019 |title=Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia |year=2019 |last1=Müller-Dum |first1=Denise |last2=Warneke |first2=Thorsten |last3=Rixen |first3=Tim |last4=Müller |first4=Moritz |last5=Baum |first5=Antje |last6=Christodoulou |first6=Aliki |last7=Oakes |first7=Joanne |last8=Eyre |first8=Bradley D. |last9=Notholt |first9=Justus |journal=Biogeosciences |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |bibcode=2019BGeo...16...17M |s2cid=203167471 |doi-access=free |hdl=1959.3/447242 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA99|| |[[Tigre River|'''Tigre''']] || {{formatnum:3047}}|| {{formatnum:45073}}|| {{formatnum:1087}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA100|| '''[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]''' | || {{formatnum:3037}}|| {{formatnum:638324}} || {{formatnum:3180}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco">{{cite web|url=https://brasildasaguas.com.br/educacional/regioes-hidrograficas/regiao-hidrografica-do-sao-francisco|title=Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco|website=brasildasaguas.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA101|| |[[Iriri River|'''Iriri''']] || {{formatnum:3028}}|| {{formatnum:142079}}|| {{formatnum:1151}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Xingu River|Xingu]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS102 | |[[Min River (Sichuan)|'''Min''']] || {{formatnum:3022}}|| {{formatnum:135296}}|| {{formatnum:735}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years">{{cite journal|journal=Water and Clinate Change|title=Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years|last1=Hongjuan|first1=Zhai|last2=Meng|first2=Wang|last3=Dandan|first3=Shen|last4=Bo|first4=Hu|last5=Yajun|first5=Li|date=2022|volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=3675–3691|doi=10.2166/wcc.2022.218 |bibcode=2022JWCC...13.3675Z |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC103|| '''[[Purari River|Purari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3000}}|| {{formatnum:33773}}|| 902 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF000628|title=Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua|last1=Rudy|first1=Slingerland|last2=Neal W.|first2=Driscoll|last3=John D.|first3=Milliman|last4=Scott R.|first4=Miller|last5=Elizabeth A.|first5=Johnstone|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |date=2008|volume=113|issue=F1 |article-number=2006JF000628 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000628 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S13S |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS104 | |[[Yamuna river|'''Yamuna''']] || {{formatnum:2948}}|| {{formatnum:366223}}|| {{formatnum:1376}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS105 | |[[Srepok River|'''Srepok''']] || {{formatnum:2940}}|| {{formatnum:79015}}|| {{formatnum:454}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mekong]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA106 | |'''Yarí'''|| {{formatnum:2933}}|| {{formatnum:37127}}|| {{formatnum:691}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caquetá River|Caquetá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS107 | |[[Panjnad River|'''Panjnad''']] || {{formatnum:2910}}|| {{formatnum:395000}}|| {{formatnum:1571}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indus River|Indus]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU108 ||'''[[Rhine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2900}} ||{{formatnum:190522}} ||{{formatnum:1233}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[North Sea]] |{{refn|Total discharge at the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt Delta]] 101 km³/year; The total combined catchment area is 224,000 km². The Rhine with the [[Meuse|Maas]] River and the [[Ijssel]] delta branch;|name=Rhine|group=n}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Rhine">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Rhine |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/rhine?catid=230&Itemid=764|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001333/133303e.pdf Rhine case study]; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS109 | |[[Xiang River|'''Xiang''']]|| {{formatnum:2848}}|| {{formatnum:102148}}|| {{formatnum:948}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS110|| '''[[Batang Hari River|Batang Hari]]''' | || {{formatnum:2819}}|| {{formatnum:46504}}|| 800 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari">{{cite report|url= https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_Pola%20PSDA_Wilayah%20Sungai%20Batanghari.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA111 | |[[Guaporé River|'''Guaporé''']] || {{formatnum:2738}}|| {{formatnum:353028}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS112|| '''[[Pyasina]]''' | || {{formatnum:2730}}|| {{formatnum:182000}} || {{formatnum:817}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kara Sea]]||<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project">{{cite web|url=https://www2.whoi.edu/site/aomip/data/river-runoff-forcing-data|title=River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project|website=www2.whoi.edu}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA113 ||'''[[Cuyuni River|Cuyuni]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2719}} ||{{formatnum:85635}} ||{{formatnum:633}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin; Average discharge at near mouth 5,000 m³/s (154–178 km³/year), drainage area 158,407 km², length 1,014 km;}}{{refn|name=Cuyuni|group=n|Average discharge at [[Bartica]], period from 1996 to 2005;}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters">{{cite book |last1=Likens |first1=Gene E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AL6J8i9ZeDEC |title=Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-381997-0}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65a2050e-d7a1-4b62-a351-884dab1a4fc8/content|title=Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina|docket=Reunion regional preparatoria para America Latina y el Caribe Naciones Unidas sobre el agua|author=Consejo Económico y Social (CES)|publisher=Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=95|date=1976|website=repositorio.cepal.org}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic North Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=167&catid=329&Itemid=179#tab-4753|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins">{{cite report|title=Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins|url=https://www.waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report53-GlobalBlueWaterScarcity.pdf|last1=A.Y.|first1=Hoekstra|last2=M.M.|first2=Mekonnen|date=2011|work=Value of Water Research Report Series NO. 53|location=Delft (Netherlands)|publisher=UNESCO–IHE Institute for Water Education}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS114 | |[[Mali River|'''Mali Hka''']]|| {{formatnum:2693}}|| {{formatnum:23221}}|| {{formatnum:320}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA115 ||'''[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2678}} ||{{formatnum:77743}} ||{{formatnum:1052}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]||{{refn|name=Usumacinta|group=n|Average discharge above Grijalva, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Usumacinta (main stem 562 km)–'''[[Chixoy River|Chixoy]]''' (main stem 446 km, drainage area 13,161 km², average discharge 551 m³/s)–Pacaranat (44 km, 945 km², 31.5 m³/s);}}{{refn|name=Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin; Total length 1,123 km; Drainage area 127,676 km², average discharge 125–147 km³/year;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Grijalva–Usumacinta |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/grijalva-usumacinta?catid=248&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta">{{cite report|title=Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta|url=https://www.agua.unam.mx/PremioTesis/assets/docs/TesisGanadoras/SoriaIsmael_FlujoCarbonoRioUsumacinta.pdf|last1=Ismael|first1=Fabián|last2=Soria|first2=Reinoso|last3=Dr. Javier|first3=Alcocer|last4=Dr. Felipe|first4=García-Oliva|last5=Dr. Luis|first5=Oseguera|last6=Dr. Alfonso|first6=Lugo|last7=Dr. Enrique|first7=Cantoral|last8=Dr. Salvador|first8=Sánchez Carrillo|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)|location=Ciudad de México (Mexico)|page=32|date=2020|website=agua.unam.mx}}</ref><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005">{{cite report|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/historicos/1334/702825160173/702825160173_1.pdf|title=Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI)|publisher=INEGI|page=99|issn=0188-8692|date=2006|website=inegi.org.mx}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA116||'''[[San Juan River (Colombia)|San Juan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2649}}|| {{formatnum:16465}} || 399 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region">{{cite report|url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v86n208/0012-7353-dyna-86-208-297.pdf|title=Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region|docket=DYNA|last1=Manuela|first1=Velásquez-Restrepo|last2=Germán|first2=Poveda|publisher=Facultad de Minas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia|location=Medellín (Colombia)|pages=297–306|issn=0012-7353|doi=10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73587|date=2019|website=scielo.org}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF117|| '''[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross]]''' | || {{formatnum:2647}}|| {{formatnum:52257}}|| 489 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Biafra]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU118|| '''[[Neva]]''' | || {{formatnum:2646}}|| {{formatnum:287094}} || {{formatnum:1063}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Finland]]||{{refn|name=Neva|group=n|Average discharge at [[Saint Petersburg]], 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Neva (main stem 74 km)–[[Lake Ladoga]]–'''[[Volkhov River|Volkhov]]''' (main stem 224 km, drainage area 79,500 km², average discharge 593 m³/s)–[[Lake Ilmen]]–[[Msta]] (main stem 445 km, 23,231 km², 209 m³/s)–[[Lake Mstino]]–[[Tsna (Tver Oblast)|Tsna]] (160 km, 4,518 km², 38 m³/s) → Total length 1,063 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Neva River and Neva Bay''">{{cite book|author=Nezhihovsky, R. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ8LHQAACAAJ|title=Neva River and Neva Bay|publisher=Gidrometeoizdat|date=1981}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS119|| |[[Songhua River|'''Songhua''']] || {{formatnum:2591}}|| {{formatnum:557180}}|| {{formatnum:1927}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Amur]]||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/heilong-jiang-amur?catid=213&Itemid=0|title=Heilong Jiang (Amur)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA120 || |[[Urubamba River|'''Urubamba''']] || {{formatnum:2579}}|| {{formatnum:59071}}|| {{formatnum:915}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC121 ||'''[[Digul]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2578}} ||{{formatnum:29175}} ||853 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Arafura Sea ||{{refn|name=Entire Digul–Mappi Basin|group=n|Drainage area 46,947 km², average discharge at Digul Delta 3,028 m³/s;}}<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_RPSDA%20WS%20Einladen%E2%80%93Digul%E2%80%93Bikuma.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papua-new-guinea?catid=277&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA122|| |[[Casiquiare canal|'''Casiquiare''']]|| {{formatnum:2574}}|| {{formatnum:82800}}|| {{formatnum:731}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF123 | |[[Sangha River|'''Sangha''']]|| {{formatnum:2570}}|| {{formatnum:191953}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA124 | |[[Apure River|'''Apure''']]|| {{formatnum:2544}}|| {{formatnum:116713}}|| {{formatnum:1038}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS125 | |[[Kosi River|'''Kosi''']] || {{formatnum:2500}}|| {{formatnum:88185}}|| {{formatnum:729}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS131|| '''[[Kayan River|Kayan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:33005}}|| 576 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" | [[Celebes Sea]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Hanergy 2013">{{Citation|last=Hanergy Holding Group|title=Indonesia East Kalimantan Kayan River Basin Hydropower and Aluminum smelting Project|url=https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|date=March 2013|type=Slide deck|mode=cs1|via=Scribd|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924131157/https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS126|| |[[Dhanu River|'''Ghorautra''']] || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:24060}}|| {{formatnum:339}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA127 | |[[Pastaza River|'''Pastaza''']]|| {{formatnum:2438}}|| {{formatnum:41793}}|| {{formatnum:787}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA128 | |[[Liard River|'''Liard''']] || {{formatnum:2434}}|| {{formatnum:277100}}|| {{formatnum:1215}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]||<ref name="Mackenzie" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA129 | |[[Ituí River|'''Ituí''']] || {{formatnum:2422}}|| {{formatnum:43035}}|| {{formatnum:796}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Javary River|Javary]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA130 | |[[Paragua River|'''Paragua''']] || {{formatnum:2389}}|| {{formatnum:39605}}|| {{formatnum:550}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caroní River|Caroní]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA131 ||'''[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2369}} ||{{formatnum:68788}} ||{{formatnum:936}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{r|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin}}{{refn|name=Essequibo|group=n|Essequibo above Cuyuni at [[Bartica]]; Average discharge 2,369 m³/s (1971–2000);}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters" /><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS132|| |[[Jialing River|'''Jialing''']]|| {{formatnum:2368}}|| {{formatnum:159180}}|| {{formatnum:1345}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA133 | |[[Cauca River|'''Cauca''']] || {{formatnum:2364}}|| {{formatnum:59840}}|| {{formatnum:1180}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA134 | |[[Red River of the South|'''Red River''']]|| {{formatnum:2349}}|| {{formatnum:241388}}|| {{formatnum:2189}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/arkansas-white-red?catid=2&Itemid=179|title=Arkansas White Red|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA135||'''[[Jacuí River|Jacuí]]''' | || {{formatnum:2327}}|| {{formatnum:82618}} || 800 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lagoa dos Patos]]||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Atlantic East Coastal">{{cite web|title=Atlantic East Coastal|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/SOUTH_AMERICA/ATLANTIC%20EAST%20COAST_COASTAL/index.html|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA136 | |[[Içana River|'''Içana''']] || {{formatnum:2279}}|| {{formatnum:35516}}|| {{formatnum:689}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA137 | |[[Anapu River|'''Anapu''']] || {{formatnum:2272}}|| {{formatnum:52495}} || {{formatnum:470}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Furo do Tajapuru]] ||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF138 | |[[Fimi River|'''Fimi''']]|| {{formatnum:2253}}|| {{formatnum:136175}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||{{refn|name=Fimi|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Fimi (main stem 190 km)–'''[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]''' (length 1,205 km, drainage area 69,259 km², average discharge 1,077 m³/s) → Total length 1,395 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF139|| '''[[Sanaga River|Sanaga]]''' | || {{formatnum:2223}}|| {{formatnum:134252}} || {{formatnum:1067}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Bight of Biafra ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS140|| '''[[Amu Darya]]''' | || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:798035}}|| {{formatnum:2620}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Aral Sea]] ||{{refn|name=Amu Darya|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point, above the outlet of the [[Karakum Canal]]; Source or headwater: Amu Darya (main stem 1,699 km)–'''[[Panj (river)|Panj]]''' (length 921 km, drainage area 116,799 km², average discharge 1,075 m³/s) → Total length 2,620 km;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Ecological Indicators|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111419|title=Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia|last1=Rashid|first1=Mahmood|last2=Shaofeng|first2=Jia|last3=Aifeng|first3=Lv|last4=Shahid|first4=Naeem|volume=178|year=2024|article-number=111419 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024EcInd.15811419M }}</ref><ref name="Amu-Darya - Chatly">{{cite web|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2917100.html|title=Amu-Darya - Chatly|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin">{{cite web|url= https://www.cawater-info.net/yearbook/2022/02_yearbook2022_en.htm|title=Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin|website=www.cawater-info.net}}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/DAM/env/water/publications/assessment/English/G_PartIV_Chapter3_En.pdf|title=Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF141|| |[[Aruwimi River|'''Aruwimi''']] || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:121163}}|| {{formatnum:1287}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS142|| '''[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]''' | || {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:191000}} || {{formatnum:1146}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Anadyr]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="water">[http://water-rf.ru/Водные_объекты/842/Анадырь «Вода России» – Анадырь]</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA143|| |[[Ventuari River|'''Ventuari''']]|| {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:40861}}|| {{formatnum:520}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA144 | |[[Curaray River|'''Curaray''']]|| {{formatnum:2155}}|| {{formatnum:26775}}|| {{formatnum:1011}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Napo River|Napo]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS145|| '''[[Krishna River|Krishna]]''' | || {{formatnum:2145}}|| {{formatnum:274596}} || {{formatnum:1300}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /><ref name="A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India">{{cite journal|journal=Current Science|url=https://www.academia.edu/65907676|title=A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India|last1=C. Prakash|first1=Babu|volume=118|doi=10.18520/cs/v118/i3/455-461|date=2020|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA146|| |[[Tennessee River|'''Tennessee''']] || {{formatnum:2140}}|| {{formatnum:105870}}|| {{formatnum:1049}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Tennessee">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tennessee?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Tennessee|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS147 | |[[Lohit River|'''Lohit''']] || {{formatnum:2138}}|| {{formatnum:29330}}|| {{formatnum:560}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA148 | |[[Tapauá River|'''Tapauá''']] || {{formatnum:2135}}|| {{formatnum:63185}}|| {{formatnum:745}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Purus River|Purus]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS149|| '''[[Mahanadi]]''' | || {{formatnum:2125}}|| {{formatnum:145260}} || 851 || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA150||'''[[Mobile River|Mobile]]'''–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' | || {{formatnum:2118}}|| {{formatnum:124158}} || {{formatnum:1263}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico ||{{refn|name=Mobile|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Mobile (main stem 72 km)–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' (main stem 512 km, drainage area 59,104 km², average discharge 1,023 m³/s)–'''[[Coosa River|Coosa]]''' (main stem 450 km, 26,364 km², 479 m³/s)–[[Oostanaula River|Oostanaula]] (main stem 79 km, 5,603 km², 117 m³/s)–[[Conasauga River|Conasauga]] (150 km, 1,880 km², 41 m³/s) → Total length 1,263 km;}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="South Atlantic Gulf">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/south-atlantic-gulf?catid=314&Itemid=563|title=South Atlantic Gulf|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS151|| |'''[[Olyokma]]'''|| {{formatnum:2110}}|| {{formatnum:209378}}|| {{formatnum:1436}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS152 | |[[Yuan River|'''Yuan''']]|| {{formatnum:2106}}|| {{formatnum:93287}}|| {{formatnum:864}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA153 | |[[Ji-Paraná River|'''Ji-Paraná''']] || {{formatnum:2100}}|| {{formatnum:76127}}|| {{formatnum:820}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.coc.ufrj.br/es/documents2/doutorado/2006-2/860-alfredo-ribeiro-neto-doutorado/file&ved=2ahUKEwj9k6rv5or9AhX_AxAIHbTFB7EQFnoECAkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw263SiaNJvrXCQt8VjBOQzr|title=SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA|first1=Carlos|last1=Vieira da Silva|first2=Carlos Eduardo|last2=Morelli Tucci|first3=José|last3=Almir Cirilo|first4=Luciene|last4=Pimentel da Silva|first5=Otto|last5=Corrêa Roturno Filho|first6=Benoit|last6=Le Guennec|date=2006}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF154 | |[[Lomami River|'''Lomami''']] || {{formatnum:2062}}|| {{formatnum:109080}}|| {{formatnum:1946}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF155 | |[[Lulonga River|'''Lulonga''']] || {{formatnum:2040}}|| {{formatnum:82952}}|| {{formatnum:926}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Lulonga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Lulonga (main stem 200 km)–'''[[Maringa River|Maringa]]''' (length 726 km, drainage area 32,799 km², average discharge 972 m³/s) → Total length 926 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS156 | |[[Gandaki River|'''Gandak''']] || {{formatnum:2025}}|| {{formatnum:46300}}|| {{formatnum:814}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA157||'''[[Maroni (river)|Maroni]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:66184}}|| 725 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System">{{cite web |url=https://wsag.unh.edu/Tools/html/RGISMain.html |title=Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System |website=wsag.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam">{{cite report|title=Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam|last=André|first=Calmont|publisher=Espaces tropicaux|date=2008|page=205-219|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/etrop_1147-3991_2008_act_19_10_1274}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC158|| '''[[Kikori River|Kikori]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:18863}}|| 445 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA159|| |[[Pachitea River|'''Pachitea''']] || {{formatnum:1992}}|| {{formatnum:28648}}|| 587|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS160 ||'''[[Yellow River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1990}} ||{{formatnum:988063}} ||{{formatnum:5778}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bohai Sea]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC161|| |[[Tariku River|'''Tariku''']]|| {{formatnum:1953}}|| {{formatnum:24664}}|| 488|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]||<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA162 | |[[Ottawa River|'''Ottawa''']]|| {{formatnum:1949}}|| {{formatnum:147406}}|| {{formatnum:1271}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[St. Lawrence River]]||<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS163 | |[[Podkamennaya Tunguska|'''Stony Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:1945}}|| {{formatnum:249000}}|| {{formatnum:1865}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF164 ||'''[[Cuanza River|Cuanza]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1944}} ||{{formatnum:163832}} ||960 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=South West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS165 ||'''[[Indigirka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1933}} ||{{formatnum:360400}} ||{{formatnum:1726}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[East Siberian Sea]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA166 ||'''[[Churchill River (Atlantic)|Churchill]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1931}} ||{{formatnum:93119}} ||856 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Labrador Sea]] |<ref name="North Atlantic Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Atlantic Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-atlantic-seaboard?catid=311&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA167|| |[[Caguán River|'''Caguán''']] || {{formatnum:1929}}|| {{formatnum:21276}}|| 596|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caquetá ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS168 | |[[Yalong River|'''Yalong''']]|| {{formatnum:1914}}|| {{formatnum:128444}}|| {{formatnum:1323}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU169 ||'''[[Rhône]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1900}} ||{{formatnum:99298}} ||812 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mediterranean Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA170 ||'''[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1897}} ||{{formatnum:124319}} ||{{formatnum:1130}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bering Sea]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA171 ||'''[[Saguenay River|Saguenay]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1894}} ||{{formatnum:87635}} ||{{formatnum:698}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Estuary of St. Lawrence]] |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS172 ||'''[[Min River (Fujian)|Min]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1870}} ||{{formatnum:60040}} ||577 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Taiwan Strait]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS173 | |[[Kopili River|'''Kopili''']]|| {{formatnum:1847}}|| {{formatnum:20068}}|| 341|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS174 ||'''[[Baram River|Baram]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1845}} ||{{formatnum:22325}} ||635 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology">{{cite report|url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/10312080_02.pdf|title=National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology|docket=Part 2 – Sabah and Sarawak|author=((The Government of Malaysia, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) )) |publisher=Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)|page=116|date=1982}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA175|| |[[Iguazu River|'''Iguaçu''']]|| {{formatnum:1836}}|| {{formatnum:67537}}|| {{formatnum:1320}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS176 | |'''Upper Lena''' || {{formatnum:1811}}|| {{formatnum:200700}}|| {{formatnum:1686}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||{{refn|name=Upper Lena|group=n|Lena River above Vitim River;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS177 | |[[Zeya (river)|'''Zeya''']] || {{formatnum:1807}}|| {{formatnum:232077}}|| {{formatnum:1242}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA178 ||'''[[Copper River (Alaska)|Copper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1794}} ||{{formatnum:67204}} ||480 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Alaska]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA179|| |[[Uatumã River|'''Uatumã''']] || {{formatnum:1790}}|| {{formatnum:68477}}|| 701|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA180 ||'''[[Courantyne River|Courantyne]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1780}} ||{{formatnum:67877}} ||725 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Courantyne Delta">{{cite web|url=https://sharkrayareas.org/wp-content/uploads/isra-factsheets/5SouthAmericanAtlantic/Courantyne-Delta-5SouthAmericanAtlantic.pdf|title=Courantyne Delta|website=sharkrayareas.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS181 ||'''[[Great Tenasserim River|Great Tenasserim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1778}} ||{{formatnum:19637}} ||616 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA182 ||'''[[Skeena River|Skeena]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1770}} ||{{formatnum:54432}} ||570 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Hecate Strait]] |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Pacific Ocean Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/pacific-ocean-seaboard?catid=312&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS183 ||'''[[Taz (river)|Taz]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1755}} ||{{formatnum:152086}} ||{{formatnum:1401}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS184 | '''[[Cagayancillo|Cagayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1740}} ||{{formatnum:27753}} ||505 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF185|| |[[Sankuru River|'''Sankuru''']]|| {{formatnum:1738}}|| {{formatnum:149480}}|| {{formatnum:1285}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU186 | |'''[[Sava]]'''|| {{formatnum:1722}}|| {{formatnum:97713}}|| 992|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Danube]]||<ref name="Danube Flood Risk Management Plan">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/danube_flood_risk_managament_plan_-_update_2021_low_resolution.pdf|title=Danube Flood Risk Management Plan|author=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|page=174|isbn=978-3-200-08289-2|date=2021|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="The Sava River Basin Analysis Report">{{cite report|url=https://www.savacommission.org/UserDocsImages/05_documents_publications/water_management/eng/SavaRBMPlan//sava_river_basin_analysis_report_high_res.pdf|title=The Sava River Basin Analysis Report|author=International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC)|publisher=ISRBC|location=Zagreb (Croatia)|page=289|date=2009|website=www.savacommission.org }}</ref><ref name="Sava Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/sava-basin|title=Sava Basin|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="Danube" /><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA187 | |[[Roosevelt River|'''Roosevelt''']]|| {{formatnum:1711}}|| {{formatnum:59844}}|| 705|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS188 ||'''[[Kaladan River|Kaladan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1704}} ||{{formatnum:22611}} ||744 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |{{refn|name=Kaladan|group=n|Kaladan with [[Lemro River|Lemro]] and [[Mayu (river)|Mayu]] at Kaladan Delta: drainage area 40,000 km², average discharge 3,476 m³/s;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Bay of Bengal–West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/bay-of-bengale-west-coast?catid=271&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Environment management of a river in Myanmar">{{cite report|url=http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/13775|title=Environment management of a river in Myanmar|docket=Master of Technology, Conservation of Rivers and Lakes|last1=Kyaw|first1=Naing Oo|last2=Sunil|first2=Kumar Singal|publisher=Alternative Hydro Energy Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|location=Roorkee (India)|page=229|date=2012|website=www.shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU189 ||'''[[Dnieper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1700}} ||{{formatnum:531817}} ||{{formatnum:2201}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Black Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-black-sea-coast?catid=297&Itemid=550 |title=North Black Sea Coast|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS190|| |[[Wu River (Yangtze tributary)|'''Wu''']]|| {{formatnum:1698}}|| {{formatnum:86799}}|| {{formatnum:1150}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS191 | |'''[[Vilyuy]]'''|| {{formatnum:1683}}|| {{formatnum:454000}}|| {{formatnum:2650}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA192 | |[[Igapó-Açu River|'''Igapó-Açu''']]|| {{formatnum:1677}}|| {{formatnum:45792}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA193 | |[[Jamanxim River|'''Jamanxim''']]|| {{formatnum:1673}}|| {{formatnum:58001}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Tapajós ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA194 ||'''[[Stikine River|Stikine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1670}} ||{{formatnum:51316}} ||546 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS195|| |[[Dadu River|'''Dadu''']]|| {{formatnum:1670}}|| {{formatnum:90182}}|| {{formatnum:1076}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years" /><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS196 | |[[Manas River|'''Manas''']] || {{formatnum:1667}}|| {{formatnum:41350}}|| 400|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS197 | |[[Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)|'''Han''']]|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:165306}}|| {{formatnum:1577}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS198 | |'''[[Tonlé Sap]]'''|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:88254}}|| 147|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS199 | |[[Chenab River|'''Chenab''']] || {{formatnum:1637}}|| {{formatnum:175877}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Panjnad River|Panjnad]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS200 ||'''[[Đồng Nai River|Dông Nai]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1635}} ||{{formatnum:46858}} ||586 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Viet Nam Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Viet Nam Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/viet-nam-coast?catid=288&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF201|| |'''[[Blue Nile]]'''|| {{formatnum:1632}}|| {{formatnum:314458}}|| {{formatnum:1674}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Nile]]||<ref name="Nile River" /><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF202 | |'''[[Lowa (Kivu/Maniema)|Lowa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1625}}|| {{formatnum:52087}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS203 | |'''[[Ussuri]]'''|| {{formatnum:1620}}|| {{formatnum:195047}}|| 897|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA204 ||'''[[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan del Norte]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1614}}||{{formatnum:41659}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea ||{{refn|name=San Juan del Norte|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: San Juan del Norte (main stem 209 km)–[[Lake Nicaragua]] (Tipitapa inflow–San Juan del Norte outflow 177 km)–[[Tipitapa River|Tipitapa]] (main stem 34 km, drainage area 6,739 km², average discharge 95 m³/s)–[[Lake Managua]] (Río Grande inflow–Tipitapi outflow 50 km)–Río Grande (145 km, 1,730 km², 16.5 m³/s)–San Rafael del Norte (19 km)–Quebrada La Breiera (7 km) → Total 641 km;}}<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA205 ||'''[[Guayas River|Guayas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1606}} ||{{formatnum:37084}} ||689 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Guayaquil]] |<ref name="Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil">{{cite report|url=https://www.guayaquil.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/Documentos/Dragado/3)%20DRAGADO%20FULL%20CANAL%20ACCESO%20GYE%202012/Capitulo7%20CONDICIONESHIDRODINAMICASCANALACCESO/Capitulo7.pdf|title=Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil|docket=Fase II – Capitulo 7|author=Autoridad Portuaria de Guayaquil|publisher=Geoestudios, Consulsua|location=Guayaquil (Ecuador)|page=103|date=2012|website=guayaquil.gob.ec}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA206 ||'''[[Araguari River (Amapá)|Araguari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1604}} ||{{formatnum:43265}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS207|| |[[Yu River (Guangxi)|'''Yu''']]|| {{formatnum:1604}}|| {{formatnum:89677}}|| {{formatnum:1152}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Xun River|Xun]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA208 ||'''[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1600}} ||{{formatnum:94311}} ||588 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ungava Bay]] |{{refn|name=Koksoak|group=n|Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]; Source or headwater: Koksoak (main stem 137 km)–'''[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]''' (length 737 km, drainage area 48,959 km², average discharge 882 m³/s) → Total length 874 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA209|| |[[Tarauacá River|'''Tarauaçá''']] || {{formatnum:1573}}|| {{formatnum:54879}}|| 906|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Juruá ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS210 ||'''[[Kampar River|Kampar]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1570}} ||{{formatnum:24548}} ||580 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Strait of Malacca]] ||<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia">{{cite web |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/632681956/048026184e4466e2f517e3c5106989c9-pdf |title=Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2015_Pola%20PSDA%20Kampar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2015}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU211 ||'''[[Po (river)|Po]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1560}} ||{{formatnum:71057}} ||652 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Adriatic Sea]] ||<ref name="Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy)">{{cite journal |last1=Anna |first1=Gavioli |last2=Giuseppe |first2=Castaldelli |last3=Stefania |first3=Trasforini |last4=Cesare |first4=Puzzi |last5=Maria |first5=Pia Gervasio |last6=Tommaso |first6=Granata |last7=Daniela |first7=Colombo |last8=Elisa |first8=Soana |date=2024 |title=Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy) |journal=Environments |volume=11|issue=10 |page=226 |doi=10.3390/environments11100226 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Envi...11..226G }}</ref><ref name="The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios">{{cite journal |last1=Mauro |first1=Marini |last2=Federica |first2=Grilli |date=2023 |title=The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373155319 |journal=Applied Sciences |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=9267 |doi=10.3390/app13169267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA212|| |[[Dos Marmelos River|'''Dos Marmelos''']]|| {{formatnum:1557}}|| {{formatnum:27572}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS213 | |[[Bei River|'''Bei''']]|| {{formatnum:1543}}|| {{formatnum:47249}}|| 633|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pearl River]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA214 ||'''[[Guamá River|Guamá]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1542}} ||{{formatnum:49846}} ||{{formatnum:903}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guajará Bay]] |{{refn|name=Guamá|group=n|Average dischsrge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Guamá (main stem 83 km)–'''[[Capim River|Capim]]''' (main stem 639 km, drainage area 36,669 km², average discharge 777 m³/s)–[[Ararandeua River|Ararandeua]] (181 km, 10,834 km², 194 m³/s) → Total length 903 km;}}{{refn|name=Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin|group=n|Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin; Drainage area 87,390 km², average discharge 2,730 m³/s (period 1971 to 2006);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS215 ||'''[[Sittaung River|Sittaung]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1540}} ||{{formatnum:34265}} ||421 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Martaban]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA216|| |[[Paute River|'''Santiago''']]|| {{formatnum:1533}}|| {{formatnum:33098}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS217 ||'''[[Tigris]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1527}} ||{{formatnum:221327}} ||{{formatnum:1862}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Shatt al-Arab]] ||{{refn|name=Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin|group=n|Average discharge at Shatt al-Arab Delta 105.7 km³/year (1977–2018); Tigris–Euphrates drainage area 1,140,000 km²;}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Tigris–Euphrates |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tigris-euphrates?catid=359&Itemid=689|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|page=360-375|date=2019|issue=4 |article-number=106049 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU218|| |[[Usa (Pechora)|'''Usa''']] || {{formatnum:1514}}|| {{formatnum:91135}}|| 565|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Pechora||<ref name="Northern Europe" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS219 ||'''[[Karnaphuli]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1510}} ||{{formatnum:13965}} ||270 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |<ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast" /><ref name="Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh">{{cite report|url=https://www.academia.edu/127653621 |title=Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh|last=Arghya|first=Protik Chowdhury|publisher=Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)|page=17|date=2025|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA220|| |[[Vichada River|'''Vichada''']]|| {{formatnum:1502}}|| {{formatnum:27624}}|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA221 | |[[Unini River|'''Unini''']]|| {{formatnum:1501}}|| {{formatnum:27433}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA222 ||'''[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1485}} ||{{formatnum:56895}} ||{{formatnum:759}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] |{{refn|Length: Grijalva–Mezcalapa–[[Cuilco River|Cuilco]] 759 km; Average discharge, 1971–2000;|name=Grijalva|group=n}}{{r|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta" /><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS223|| |[[Liu River|'''Liu''']]|| {{formatnum:1472}}|| {{formatnum:58270}}|| 571|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Qian River|Qian]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA224 ||'''[[Papaloapan River|Papaloapan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1461}} ||{{formatnum:39885}} ||{{formatnum:354}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" | Gulf of Mexico ||<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /><ref name="Papaloapan–Jamapa">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papaloapan–Jamapa |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papaloapan-jamapa?catid=255&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA225 ||'''[[Patía River|Patía]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1453}} ||{{formatnum:23995}} ||430 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA226|| |[[Arkansas River|'''Arkansas''']]|| {{formatnum:1448}}|| {{formatnum:409027}}|| {{formatnum:2364}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA227 ||'''[[Susitna River|Susitna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1442}} ||{{formatnum:49470}} ||504 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Cook Inlet]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA228 ||'''[[Moose River (Ontario)|Moose]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1440}} ||{{formatnum:114729}} ||543 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC229 ||'''[[Bamu River|Bamu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1437}} ||{{formatnum:19346}} ||390 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS230 ||'''[[Qiantang River|Qiantang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1436}} ||{{formatnum:54349}} ||494 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |East China Sea |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="China Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Chine Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/china-coast?catid=225&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA231||'''[[Albany River|Albany]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1420}} ||{{formatnum:132800}} ||832 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS232|| |[[Black River (Asia)|'''Black River''']]|| {{formatnum:1419}}|| {{formatnum:57947}}|| 910|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS233 | '''[[Mendawai River|Katingan]]''' | | {{formatnum:1414}} | {{formatnum:19559}} | 616 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]] |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/globalmercuryproject.org/documents/non_country%20specific/Sat%20Imagery%20AGL%20Final%20Report.pdf|date=2007|last1=Kevin|first1=Telmer|last2=Daniel|first2=Stapper|publisher=University of Victoria|title=Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF234 ||'''[[Betsiboka River|Betsiboka]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1407}} ||{{formatnum:61893}} ||531 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Madagascar |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/madagascar?catid=322&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA235|| |[[Mazaruni River|'''Mazaruni''']]|| {{formatnum:1399}}|| {{formatnum:31705}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Cuyuní River|Cuyuní]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA236 | |[[Jamari River|'''Jamari''']]|| {{formatnum:1391}}|| {{formatnum:39977}}|| 478|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA237 | |[[Coari River|'''Coari''']]|| {{formatnum:1389}}|| {{formatnum:35588}}|| 599|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA238 ||'''[[Thelon River|Thelon]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1370}} ||{{formatnum:238839}} ||904 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Chesterfield Inlet]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA239|| |[[Demini River|'''Demini''']]|| {{formatnum:1358}}|| {{formatnum:39770}}|| 618|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS240 ||'''[[Narmada River|Narmada]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1350}} ||{{formatnum:95818}} ||{{formatnum:1289}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Khambhat]] |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS241 ||'''[[Indragiri River|Indragiri]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1339}} ||{{formatnum:22758}} ||500 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA242|| |'''[[Jauaperi River|Jauaperi]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:39824}}|| 592|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS243 | |'''[[Dibang River|Dibang]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:12503}}|| 324|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA244 | |[[Arinos River|'''Arinos''']] || {{formatnum:1332}}|| {{formatnum:58734}}|| 654|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Juruena River|Juruena]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU245 | |[[Oka (river)|'''Oka''']]|| {{formatnum:1327}}|| {{formatnum:244308}}|| {{formatnum:1520}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |Volga ||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS246 | |[[Huai River|'''Huai''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:172079}}|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF247 | |[[Mbomou River|'''Mbomou''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:168608}}|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF248 ||'''[[Tsiribihina River|Tsiribihina]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1316}} ||{{formatnum:49467}} ||430 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA249|| |[[Inambari River|'''Inambari''']]|| {{formatnum:1316}}|| {{formatnum:20160}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS250 | |[[Pranahita River|'''Pranahita''']]|| {{formatnum:1301}}|| {{formatnum:108513}}|| 682|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Godavari River|Godavari]]||<ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA251 | |[[Badajós River|'''Badajós''']] || {{formatnum:1300}}|| {{formatnum:21575}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS252 ||'''[[Pahang River|Pahang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1299}} ||{{formatnum:33924}} ||489 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS253|| |'''[[Uchur]]'''|| {{formatnum:1293}}|| {{formatnum:113000}}|| 812|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF254 ||'''[[Volta River|Volta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1290}} ||{{formatnum:412735}} ||{{formatnum:1600}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Africa - West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA255 | |[[Takutu River|'''Takutu''']]|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| {{formatnum:42528}}|| 371|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Branco River|Rio Branco]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS256 ||'''[[Sesayap River|Sesayap]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1275}} ||{{formatnum:18158}} ||279 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Celebes Sea |<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2022_Rencana%20PSDA%20WS%20Sesayap.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap|date=2022|website=www.sda.pu.go.id}}</ref><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA257 ||'''[[Oyapock]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1273}} ||{{formatnum:30869}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA258 | |[[Tanana River|'''Tanana''']] || {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:113959}}|| {{formatnum:1061}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yukon River|Yukon]]||<ref name="Yukon" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA259|| |[[Ituxi River|'''Ituxi''']]|| {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:43676}}|| 878|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Purus ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS260 | |[[Sone River|'''Son''']]|| {{formatnum:1245}}|| {{formatnum:70228}}|| 784|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS261 | |[[Kabul River|'''Kabul''']]|| {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:92572}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Indus ||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS262 | |[[Melawi River|'''Melawi''']] || {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:22586}}|| 471|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]||<ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA263 ||'''[[Doce River|Doce]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1241}} ||{{formatnum:90357}} ||977 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA264|| |[[Tambopata River|'''Tambopata''']]|| {{formatnum:1241}}|| {{formatnum:15540}}|| 390|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madre de Dios ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA265 | |'''[[Siapa River|Siapa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1238}}|| {{formatnum:22170}}|| 438|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Casiquiare canal|Casiquiare]]||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF266 | |[[Kwilu River|'''Kwilu''']]|| {{formatnum:1229}}|| {{formatnum:94663}}|| {{formatnum:1230}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kwango River|Kwango]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA267 | |[[Marié River|'''Marié''']]|| {{formatnum:1227}}|| {{formatnum:25266}}|| 800|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS268 | |[[Kheta (river)|'''Kheta''']] || {{formatnum:1223}}|| {{formatnum:100000}}|| 604|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS269 ||'''[[Taymyra]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1220}} ||{{formatnum:124000}} ||840 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Kara Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA270|| |[[Jari River|'''Jari''']] || {{formatnum:1214}}|| {{formatnum:51893}}|| 877|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS271 ||'''[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1210}} ||{{formatnum:212044}} ||{{formatnum:2292}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA272 ||'''[[Nottaway River|Nottaway]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1208}} ||{{formatnum:74326}} ||776 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF273 ||'''[[Chari River|Chari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1200}} ||{{formatnum:880000}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Lake Chad]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF274|| |[[Lindi River|'''Lindi''']]|| {{formatnum:1200}}|| {{formatnum:59568}}|| 797|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA275 ||'''[[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1199}} ||{{formatnum:72147}} ||715 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Chesapeake Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Mid Atlantic">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Mid Atlantic |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mid-atlantic?catid=309&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA276|| |[[Casanare River|'''Casanare''']]|| {{formatnum:1199}}|| {{formatnum:24013}}|| 415|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Meta River|Meta]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA277 | |'''[[Rivière des Rochers]]'''–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]'''|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:292497}}|| {{formatnum:1608}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Slave River|Slave]]||{{refn|name=Rivière des Rochers–Athabasca|group=n|Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Rivière des Rochers (main stem 48 km)–[[Lake Athabasca]] (Athabasca inflow–Rivière des Rochers outflow 22 km)–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]''' (length 1,538 km, drainage area 160,705 km², average discharge 784 m³/s) → Total length 1,608 km;}}<ref name="Mackenzie" /><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA278 | |[[Paranapanema River|'''Paranapanema''']]|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:101739}}|| 829|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA279|| |'''[[Isiboro River|Isiboro]]'''|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| {{formatnum:21117}}|| 505|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mamoré ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF280 ||'''[[Cavalla River|Cavally]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1192}} ||{{formatnum:30665}} ||844 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA281|| |'''[[Tefé River|Tefé]]''' || {{formatnum:1190}}|| {{formatnum:24269}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA282 ||'''[[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1189}} ||{{formatnum:54986}} ||673 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bay of Fundy]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS283|| |[[Maya (Aldan)|'''Maya''']] || {{formatnum:1188}}|| {{formatnum:171000}}|| {{formatnum:1053}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA284 ||'''[[São Gonçalo Channel]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1186}} ||{{formatnum:62250}} ||77 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Lagoa dos Patos |<ref name="Atlantic East Coastal" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS285 ||'''[[Kahayan River|Kahayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1178}} ||{{formatnum:16063}} ||658 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA286|| |[[Tomo River|'''Tomo''']] || {{formatnum:1169}}|| {{formatnum:20156}}|| 830|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC287 ||'''[[Ramu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1164}} ||{{formatnum:17823}} ||640 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bismarck Sea |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA288 ||'''[[Coatzacoalcos River|Coatzacoalcos]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1163}} ||{{formatnum:23956}} ||325 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico |<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA289 | |[[Curuçá River (Javari River tributary)|'''Curuçá''']]|| {{formatnum:1157}}|| {{formatnum:25549}}|| 766|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Javary ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS290 ||'''[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1141}} ||{{formatnum:111351}} ||{{formatnum:1024}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF291 || |[[Lomela River|'''Lomela''']]|| {{formatnum:1139}}|| {{formatnum:39655}}|| {{formatnum:881}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Busira River|Busira]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF292 ||'''[[Saint Paul River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1125}} ||{{formatnum:20317}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF293 ||'''[[Rufiji River|Rufiji]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1115}} ||{{formatnum:204639}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indian Ocean]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Central East Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Central East Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA294|| |[[Ibicuí River|'''Ibicuí''']]|| {{formatnum:1113}}|| {{formatnum:47203}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU295 ||'''[[Vistula]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1112}} ||{{formatnum:194424}} ||{{formatnum:1047}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gdańsk Bay]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF296|| |[[Ivindo River|'''Ivindo''']]|| {{formatnum:1112}}|| {{formatnum:63201}}|| 686|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS297 | |[[Tom (river)|'''Tom''']]|| {{formatnum:1110}}|| {{formatnum:59858}}|| 827|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Ob ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA298 | |[[Morona River|'''Morona''']]|| {{formatnum:1107}}|| {{formatnum:16962}}|| 785|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF299 ||'''[[Kouilou-Niari River|Kouilou]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:61707}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS300 ||'''[[Rokan River|Rokan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:20189}} ||447 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA301 ||'''[[Baker River (Chile)|Baker]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:26816}} ||182 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia">{{cite journal |last1=Alejandro |first1=Dussaillant-Jones |last2=Wouter |first2=Buytaert |last3=Claudio |first3=I. Meier |last4=Fabián |first4=Espinoza |date=2012 |title=Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |volume=57 |issue=8 |page=1530-1541 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2012.726993 |bibcode=2012HydSJ..57.1530D }}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA302|| |[[Willamette River|'''Willamette''']]|| {{formatnum:1099}}|| {{formatnum:28949}}|| 301|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Columbia ||<ref name="Columbia River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA303 | |[[Nhamundá River|'''Nhamundá''']]|| {{formatnum:1094}}|| {{formatnum:28609}}|| 617|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS304 ||'''[[Yana (river)|Yana]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1090}} ||{{formatnum:235457}} ||{{formatnum:1490}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF305 ||'''[[Benin River|Benin]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1084}} ||{{formatnum:49256}} ||300 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Benin]] |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA306|| |[[Ouachita River|'''Ouachita''']]|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| {{formatnum:62850}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Red River of the South|Red River]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS307 ||'''[[Chao Phraya River|Chao Phraya]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1077}} ||{{formatnum:188419}} ||{{formatnum:1207}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Thailand]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS308 | |[[Sekong river|'''Sekong''']]|| {{formatnum:1077}}|| {{formatnum:28792}}|| {{formatnum:480}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Srepok River|Srepok]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA309 | |'''[[Nanay River|Nanay]]'''|| {{formatnum:1073}}|| {{formatnum:16673}}|| 511|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS310 ||'''[[Seruyan River|Seruyan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1067}} ||{{formatnum:13329}} ||395 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS311 ||'''[[Sampit River|Sampit]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1064}} ||{{formatnum:14745}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU312 ||'''[[Don (river)|Don]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:458694}} ||{{formatnum:1950}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Sea of Azov]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF313 ||'''[[Sofia River|Sofia]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:29267}} ||328 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS314|| |[[Dong River (China)|'''Dong''']]|| {{formatnum:1056}}|| {{formatnum:33567}}|| 523|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pearl River ||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS315 | |[[Lô River|'''Lô''']]|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| {{formatnum:34809}}|| 470|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Red River ||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF316 | |'''[[Likouala-Mossaka]]'''|| {{formatnum:1054}}|| {{formatnum:71886}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA317 | |[[Tombigbee River|'''Tombigbee''']]|| {{formatnum:1052}}|| {{formatnum:52029}}|| 480|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mobile River|Mobile]]||<ref name="South Atlantic Gulf" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA318 | |[[Aguaytía River|'''Aguaytía''']]|| {{formatnum:1051}}|| {{formatnum:11353}}|| 374|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS319 ||'''[[Kamchatka (river)|Kamchatka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1049}} ||{{formatnum:54104}} ||758 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF320|| |[[Momboyo River|'''Momboyo''']]|| {{formatnum:1045}}|| {{formatnum:44211}}|| {{formatnum:827}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ruki River|Ruki]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF321 ||'''[[Moa River|Moa]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1044}} ||{{formatnum:19560}} ||475 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU322|| |[[Belaya (Kama)|'''Belaya''']]|| {{formatnum:1042}}|| {{formatnum:141609}}|| {{formatnum:1430}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Kama (river)|Kama]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS323 | |[[Trishuli River|'''Trishuli''']]|| {{formatnum:1032}}|| {{formatnum:19918}}|| 362|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gandaki River|Narayani]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA324 | |[[Erebato River|'''Erebato''']]|| {{formatnum:1030}}|| {{formatnum:11074}}|| {{formatnum:195}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|Caura]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación" /><ref name="Scientia Guaianae" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA325 | |[[White River (Arkansas–Missouri)|'''White River''']]|| {{formatnum:1028}}|| {{formatnum:71743}}|| {{formatnum:1162}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS326 ||'''[[Euphrates]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1027}} ||{{formatnum:765831}} ||{{formatnum:3000}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Shatt al-Arab ||{{refn|name=Euphrates|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point (32.4 km³/year, 1977–2018). The Euphrates River drainage basin, including the surrounding desert and semi-desert areas (such as the [[Syrian desert]] and parts of the [[Arabian Desert]] regions), covers approximately 765,831 km²; Source or headwater: Euphrates (main stem 2,278 km)–'''[[Murat River|Murat]]''' (length 722 km, drainage area 44,851 km², average discharge 404 m³/s) → Total length 3,000 km;}}{{r|group=n|Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates" /><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA327|| |[[Pacajá River|'''Pacajá''']]|| {{formatnum:1025}}|| {{formatnum:26438}}|| 634|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Anapu River|Anapu]]||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA328 ||'''[[Coco River|Coco]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1024}} ||{{formatnum:26952}} ||841 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA329 ||'''[[Catatumbo River|Catatumbo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:22317}} ||338 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lake Maracaibo]] |<ref name="La geografía del agua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA330 ||'''[[Baudó River|Baudó]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:5964}} ||316 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA331 ||'''[[Manicouagan River|Manicouagan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1020}} ||{{formatnum:45908}} ||{{formatnum:221}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Estuary of St. Lawrence |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS332|| |[[Shweli River|'''Shweli''']]|| {{formatnum:1020}}|| {{formatnum:22908}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU333|| |'''[[Northern Dvina|Little Northern Dvina]]'''|| {{formatnum:1018}}|| {{formatnum:85822}}|| {{formatnum:648}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Northern Dvina]]||{{refn|name=Little Northern Dvina|group=n|Northern Dvina above [[Vychegda]]; Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Little Northern Dvina (main stem 74 km)–'''[[Yug]]''' (length 574 km, drainage area 36,204 km², average discharge 516 m³/s) → Total length 648 km;}}<ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="About the Northern Dvina River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF334 | |'''Upper Zambezi'''|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:170010}}|| {{formatnum:690}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Zambezi]]||<ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis" /><ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS335 | |[[Mun River|'''Mun''']]|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:119868}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA336 ||'''[[Esmeraldas River|Esmeraldas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1011}} ||{{formatnum:19796}} ||210 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA337 ||'''[[Biobío River|Biobío]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1008}} ||{{formatnum:24264}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA338|| |[[Wabash River|'''Wabash''']]|| {{formatnum:1007}}|| {{formatnum:85177}}|| 810|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Ohio" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF339 | |[[Ngounié River|'''Ngounié''']]|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| {{formatnum:32637}}|| 680|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué ||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA340 ||'''[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:344112}} ||{{formatnum:1344}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA341 ||'''[[Nushagak River|Nushagak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:35396}} ||497 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bering Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Hilinga man == * [[Lista kan mga salog sa laba]] * [[Lista kan mga salo pagwawa|Lista kan mga watershed]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa E.U. uyon sa kusog nin pagdalihig]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa Indya sa pagbulos]] [[Kategorya:Mga salog]] 3uqss0hz3ru96lx638sjnjfd9wo2xcb 311136 311135 2026-10-01T07:25:30Z River.discharge 32199 /* */ 311136 wikitext text/x-wiki Lista ini kan mga salog susog sa saindang rikas nin pagdalihig. Idto sanang mga salog na may pagbulos dai mababa sa 1,000 metro kubiko por segundo an mga nakaag sa listahan. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="6" align="center"|[[Continent]] color key |- |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|[[Africa]] |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia]] |bgcolor="#CCFF66"|[[Oceania]] |bgcolor="#FFCCFF"|[[Europe]] |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America]] |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !colspan="5" align="center"|[[Ocean]] color key |- |bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Atlantic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Pacific Ocean]] |bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Indian Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Arctic Ocean]] |bgcolor="#FFF8DC"|[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic]] |} {| class="sortable col1right col4right col5right col6right" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#ffffff;font-size:90%;" |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align:center;font-size:105%;" ! rowspan="2" | No ! colspan="2" | River name ! rowspan="2" | Average<br />discharge<br />(m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Drainage<br />area<br />(km²) ! rowspan="2" | Length<br />(km)<br /> ! rowspan="2" | Outflow ! rowspan="2" | Notes, references |- bgcolor="#BDBBD7" style="color:#000080;text-align: center;font-size:105%;" !Primary !Tributary |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[South America|SA]]1|| '''[[Amazon River|Amazon]]''' ||| {{formatnum:209000}}|| {{formatnum:6020438}} || {{formatnum:6575}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Amazon|group=n|The Amazon is the '''largest river in the world by discharge'''. Average discharge at near mouth 209,000 m³/s (period 1973 to 1990); [[River source|Source or headwater]]: Amazon and [[Solimões River|Solimões]] ([[Main stem|main stem]] 3,837 km)–'''[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]''' (main stem 1,668 km; drainage area 352,304 km²; average discharge at [[Requena, Loreto|Requena]] 12,200 m³/s, and 12,600 m³/s at near mouth, 1981–2020)–'''[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]''' (main stem 158 km; 131,726 km²; 2,892 m³/s)– '''[[Ene River|Ené]]''' (main stem 181 km; 108,767 km²; 2,046 m³/s)–'''[[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]''' (main stem 666 km; 64,734 km²; 1,050 m³/s)–Hornillos (65 km) → Total length 6,575 km (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]); The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazon branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The Rio Pará estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. If Amazon with Rio Pará considered as a water system, the catchment area is 6,925,674 km² (according to ''ANA''), the total discharge averages at [[Amazon Delta]] 223,700 m³/s (or 220,800 m³/s for the period 1973–1990, according to ''HyBAM'').}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien">{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=Hydrologie du bassin amazonien|date=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale |publisher=Belin }}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras">{{cite report|url=https://www.snirh.gov.br/portal/snirh/centrais-de-conteudos/conjuntura-dos-recursos-hidricos/regioeshidrograficas2014.pdf|title=Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras|docket=Edição Especial|author=Agéncia Nacional de Águas (ANA)|publisher=Superintendência de Planegiamento de Recursos Hídricos (SPR)|page=163|isbn=978-85-8210-027-1|date=2015|website=www.snirh.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}</ref><ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=43&catid=191&Itemid=179|title=Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America">{{cite journal|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|doi=10.1029/GB003i003p00241|url=https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241|last1=Charles J.|first1=Vörösmarty|last2=Berrien|first2=Moore III|last3=Annette L.|first3=Grace|last4=M. Patricia|first4=Gildea|last5=Jerry M.|first5=Melille|last6=Bruce|first6=Peterson|last7=Edward|first7=B. Rastetter|last8=Paul|first8=A. Steudler|title=Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America|date=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=241–265|bibcode=1989GBioC...3..241V |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2007">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Avijit|title=Large rivers: geomorphology and management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC&pg=PA31|accessdate=18 April 2011|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-84987-3|page=31}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538940902746082|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|last1=S.|first1=Liu|last2=P.|first2=Lu|last3=D.|first3= Liu|last4=P.|first4=Jin|last5=W.|first5=Wang|page=80-87|volume=2|issue=1|date=2009 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.ufpa.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/d60fc02c-cfb2-43ca-82e8-a1c8b040224c/content|title=Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte|last=Ishihara|first=Júnior Hiroyuki|publisher=Dados Internacionais de Catalogação de publicação (CIP), Biblioteca do NAEA/UFPA|location=Belém (Pará, Brazil)|date=2015|page=246|website=repositorio.ufpa.br}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |[[Africa|AF]]2|| '''[[Congo River|Congo]]''' | || {{formatnum:41400}}|| {{formatnum:3712316}}|| {{formatnum:5118}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Congo (Zaire)|group=n|Average discharge at [[Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Banana]] (near mouth) 1,308 km³/year, at [[Kinshasa]] and [[Brazzaville]] 40,500 m³/s (1902–2021). The Congo is the '''second or third largest river in the world by discharge'''. Source or headwaters: Congo (main stem 2,300 km)–'''[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]''' (above [[Boyoma Falls]] at [[Kisangani]]–Luvua River mouth main stem 978 km – total length 2,074 km, drainage area 969,518 km², average discharge 7,640 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa">{{cite journal|journal=Water|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2613|title=Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa|last1=Laraque|first1=Alain|last2=Moukandi N'kaya|first2=Guy D.|page=36|year=2020|volume=12|issue=9|doi=10.3390/w12092613|bibcode=2020Water..12.2613L|doi-access=free}}</ref>–'''[[Luvua River|Luvua]]''' (main stem 388 km, 263,090 km², 644 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Mweru]] (Luapula inflow–Luvua outflow 116 km)–'''[[Luapula River|Luapula]]''' (main stem 555 km – total length 918 km, 173,709 km², 754 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/>–[[Lake Bangweulu]] and [[Bangweulu Wetlands]] (Chambeshi inflow–Luapula outflow 110 km)–'''[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]''' (671 km, 60,425 km², 447 m³/s)<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation"/> → Total length 5,118 km;}}<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|date=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}</ref><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3|number=6|pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D}}</ref><ref name="Congo River">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/congo?catid=215&Itemid=0 |title=Congo River |last=Eric |first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrology|url=http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf|title=Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries|last1=Pavla|first1=Pekárová|last2=Pavol|first2=Miklánek|last3=Ján|first3=Pekár|page=62-79|date=2003 |volume=274 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00397-9 |bibcode=2003JHyd..274...62P }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA3|| '''[[Orinoco]]''' | || {{formatnum:39000}}|| {{formatnum:1014797}}|| {{formatnum:3010}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Orinoco|group=n|Average discharge at [[Orinoco Delta]], 1983–2020; The Orinoco is the '''third or fourth largest river in the world by discharge'''; Source or headwater: Orinoco (lower and middle Orinoco main stem 1,250 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 2,140 km;)–'''[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]''' (main stem 1,220 km, drainage area 151,607 km², average discharge 7,529 m³/s – period 1926 to 2011)–'''[[Guayabero River|Guayabero]]''' (540 km, 24,346 km²; 986 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref> → Total length 3,010 km;}}<ref name="XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos">{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. Peces del fondo del río Orinoco y afluentes principales (Colombia–Venezuela): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|date=2022}}</ref><ref name="La geografía del agua">{{cite book|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael |first1=Córdova |last2=Marcelo González |first2=Sanabria|last3=Arnoldo|first3=José Gabaldón|publisher=Fundación Empresas Polar|date=2015|isbn=978-980-379-354-8|page=103-140}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/orinoco?catid=10&Itemid=0|title=Orinoco|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|[[Asia|AS]]4||'''[[Yangtze]]''' | || {{formatnum:31900}}|| {{formatnum:1949515}}||{{formatnum:6236}}||bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[East China Sea]]||{{refn|name=Yangtze|group=n|Average discharge at [[Yangtze Delta]] 995.8 km³/year, period 1955–2021; Source or headwater: Yangtze (main stem 2,767 km)–'''[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]''' (main stem 2,290 km; drainage area 471,454 km²; average discharge 5,069 m³/s)–'''[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]''' (main stem 813 km; 139,955 km²; 427 m³/s)–[[Dangqu River|Dangqu]] (366 km; 31,254 km²; 196 m³/s) → Total length 6,236 km;}}<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=222&catid=373&Itemid=179|title=Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR">{{cite book |last1=Walter |first1=Gellert |title=KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR |last2=Rainer |first2=Gärtner |last3=Herbert |first3=Küstner |last4=Gerald |first4=Wolf |date=1987 |orig-date=1st pub. 1957 |publisher=VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig |isbn=963-281-740-0}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA5|| |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|'''Rio Negro''']] || {{formatnum:30641}} || {{formatnum:765335}} || {{formatnum:2362}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]||{{refn|name=Rio Negro|group=n|Average discharge at [[Manaus]] 30,641 m³/s, 1979–2015 (28,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwaters: Rio Negro (main stem 1,700 km)–'''[[Guanía River|Guainía]]''' (length 662 km, drainage area 31,284 km², average discharge 2,433 m³/s)<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010"/> → Total length 2,362 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM">{{cite report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650if_/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM|work=Relatório Técnico RT 03–Diagnóstico, prognóstico e cenários futuros dos recursos hídricos do estado–Tomo II|last=Adejalmo|first=Figueiredo Gazen|publisher=Governo do Estado do Amazonas, Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente (SEMA)|date=2019}}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin">{{cite journal|title=Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin|last1=Emilio|first1=Mayorga|last2=Miles G.|first2=Longsdon|last3=Maria Victoria|first3=R. Ballester|last4=Jeffrey E.|first4=Richey|journal=Journal of Hydrology |year=2005|volume=315 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–182 |doi=10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2005.03.023|s2cid=8107631 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA6 | |[[Madeira River|'''Madeira''']] || {{formatnum:30173}}|| {{formatnum:1322782}}|| {{formatnum:3518}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Madeira|group=n|Average discharge 30,173 m³/s, 1979–2015 (31,200 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Madeira (main stem 1,450 km)–'''[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]''' (main stem 1,042 km – total length 1,298 km, drainage area 633,613 km²; average discharge 7,743 m³/s)–'''[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Río Grande o Guapay]]''' (820 km; 106,396 km²; 727 m³/s)–[[Caine River|Caine]] (119 km)–[[Rocha River|Rocha]] (69 km)–Mailanco (18 km) → Total length 3,518 km; The Madeira is thus one of the '''three longest tributaries in the world''', along with the [[Irtysh]] and the [[Missouri River|Missouri]]. The confluence of the '''Madeira''' River estuary with the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] is a complex process. The Amazon River acts as a dam, carrying four times as much water despite its almost flat fall. Furthermore, the Madeira River has a significant [[sediment load]] (450×10⁶ ton/year). This is the same as the Amazon River, despite its lower volumetric flow, and is deposited where the current slows down. The Madeira River estuary is therefore a type of [[Estuary|delta]] that extends for more than 300 km along the southern coast of the Amazon. A western branch, the ''Parana Madeirinha'', branches off the main riverbed 200 km upstream of the estuary. This branch is fed by a major tributary, the [[Igapó-Açu River|Igapó-Açu]]. It flows into the Amazon River 12 km upstream of the main riverbed of the Madeira River. A 450 km long eastern branch, the ''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'' (also known as the ''Paraná do Ramos''), branches off from the main river 100 km from the mouth and flows eastward parallel to the Amazon River. This branch isolates the large [[Tupinambarana]] island (area 11,850 km²), which is actually made up of four swampy islands surrounded by the river to the south and by branches of the Amazon to the north. It is fed by several tributaries: the [[Canumã River|Canumã]], the [[Abacaxis River|Abacaxis]], the [[Maués Açu River|Maués Açu]] and the [[Mamuru River|Mamuru]] Rivers. The Paraná do Urariá (or Paraná do Ramos) joins the Amazon near the city of [[Parintins]], 310 km downstream from the mouth of the main river Madeira. If these two branches and the tributaries that flow into them are added to the Madeira River, the total [[Drainage basin|drainage area]] 1,496,852 km², and the average [[Discharge regime|discharge]] exceeds 35,000 m³/s. This makes the Madeira the most abundant of the tributaries, surpassing major rivers such as the [[Yangtze]] (and only slightly behind the discharge of the [[Orinoco]] River), and the '''fifth largest river in the world''' in terms of discharge.}}<ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/medio-ambiente/recursos-hidricos-cuadros-estadisticos|title=Recursos Hídricos - INE|website=www.ine.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)">{{cite web|url= https://datos.siarh.gob.bo/biblioteca/406|title=Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)|website=datos.siarh.gob.bo}}</ref><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia">{{cite report |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers10-12/010020120.pdf |title=Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia |last1=Michel-Alain |first1=Roche |last2=Carlos |first2=Fernandez Jauregui |last3=Angel |first3=Aliaga Rivera |last4=Jorge |first4=Peña Mendez |last5=Edgar |first5=Salas Rada |last6=José Luis |first6=Montaño Vargas |publisher=UNESCO, ORSTOM, ORCYT |location=La Paz (Bolívia), Montevideo (Uruguay) |isbn=92-9089-029-0 |date=1992}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS7|| [[Brahmaputra River|'''Brahmaputra''']] | ||27,000 || 641,964|| {{formatnum:3848}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Padma River|Padma]], [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]], [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{refn|name=Brahmaputra|group=n|Entire Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra and Upper Meghna Basin; Average discharge 850 km³/year (Brahmaputra with Old Brahmaputra 700 km³/year, Upper Meghna 150 km³/year – period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: Lower Meghna (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Jamuna (main stem 337 km)–Brahmaputra (main stem 738 km)–'''Siang or Dihang''' (main stem 294 km; drainage area 256,374 km²; average discharge 5,037 m³/s)–'''[[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Yarlung Tsangpo]]''' (main stem 2,229 km; 241,691 km²; 2,899 m³/s) → Total length 3,848 km;<ref name="The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau">{{cite journal|journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260524184_The_impact_of_climate_change_on_runoff_in_the_Yarlung_Tsangpo_River_basin_in_the_Tibetan_Plateau|title=The impact of climate change on runoff in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in the Tibetan Plateau|last1=Li|first1=Fapeng|last2=Xu|first2=Zongxue|last3=Liu|first3=Wenfeng|last4=Zhang|first4=Yongqiang|doi=10.1007/s00477-013-0769-z|volume=28|pages=517–526|date=2014}}</ref>}}{{refn|name=Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin|group=n|The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna is the '''second largest river in the world by discharge'''. Between 1990 and 2020, about 1,350 km³/year (period from 1921 to 1985: 43,704 m³/s) of freshwater flowed into the [[Bay of Bengal]] through the [[Ganges Delta]]. This includes the amount of water diverted from the Ganges at [[Farakka Barrage]] and flowing out through the mouth of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. This combined river (total drainage area 1,731,334 km²) system delivers '''the largest amount of sediment in the world''' to the Bay of Bengal. Sediment load to some estimates, 1,840–2,177 million tons per year.<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="KLEINE ENZYKLOPÄDIE NATUR" />}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020|last1=Hanquan|first1=Yang|last2=Tianshen|first2=Mei|last3=Xiaoyan|first3=Chen|volume=16|number=2|doi=10.3390/rs16020396|doi-access=free|date=2024 |page=396 |bibcode=2024RemS...16..396Y }}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ganga-ganges-brahmaputra?catid=219&Itemid=0|title=Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios">{{cite journal|journal=Environmental Research Letters|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac8ca1|last1=Anne|first1=Gädeke|last2=Michel|first2=Wortmann|last3=Christoph|first3=Menz|last4=Saiful|first4=Islam|last5=Muhammad|first5=Masood|last6=Valentina|first6=Krysanova|last7=Stefan|first7=Lange|last8=Fred|first8=Fokko Hattermann|title=Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios|date=2022|volume=17|number=9|bibcode=2022ERL....17i4036G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|doi=10.3390/rs11050501|last1=Biswa|first1=Bhattacharya|last2=Maurizio|first2=Mazzoleni|last3=Reyne|first3=Ugay|title=Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products|date=2019|volume=11|issue=5|page=501 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019RemS...11..501B }}</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |url-access=subscription|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.001|title=Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in the headwaters of four major Asian rivers|last1=Xiang|first1=Huang|last2=Mika|first2=Sillanpää|last3=Egil|first3=T. Gjessing|last4=Rolf|first4=D. Vogt|publisher=ELSEVIER|location=Oslo (Norway), Lhasa (China), Mikkeli (Finland)|url=https://www.academia.edu/14442737|volume=407|issue=24|pages=6242–6254|issn=0048-9697|date=2009|journal=Science of the Total Environment |pmid=19783282 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.6242H }}</ref><ref name="The Restless River">{{cite report|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471631520173475/pdf/The-Restless-River-Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra-Jamuna.pdf|title=The Restless River|docket=Yarlung Tsangpo–Siang–Brahmaputra–Jamuna|last1=Ganesh|first1=Pangare|last2=Bushra|first2=Nishat|last3=Xiawei|first3=Liao|last4=Halla|first4=Maher Qaddumi|publisher=World Bank Group, United Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|location=Washington (United States)|page=428|date=2021|website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|[[North America|NA]]8||'''[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]''' | || {{formatnum:21300}} ||{{formatnum:3265753}}|| {{formatnum:6084}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Mexico]]||{{refn|name=Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi with [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]; Average discharge at [[Mississippi Delta]] 673 km³/year (Mississippi 474, Atchafalaya 199 km³/year), 1981–2021; Source or headwater: Mississippi (lower and middle Mississippi main stem 1,954 km)–'''[[Missouri River|Missouri]]''' (main stem 3,726 km, drainage area 1,376,180 km², average discharge 2,778 m³/s)–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]] (134 km, 24,915 km², 69 m³/s)–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]] (111 km, 12,318 km², 41 m³/s)–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]] (113 km, 4,092 km², 16 m³/s)–[[Hell Roaring Creek]] (46 km, 441 km², 4 m³/s) → Total length 6,084 km;<ref name="Missouri">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/missouri?catid=320&Itemid=637|title=Missouri|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data">{{cite web |url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dvstat/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=07289000&amp;por_07289000_79165=1872479,00060,79165,2008-01-01,2022-09-29&amp;format=html_table&amp;stat_cds=mean_va&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |title=Mississippi River at Vicksburg, MS–USGS – Statistics tables for daily mean (average) data |date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|doi-access=free|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|number=19|page=3044 |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}</ref><ref name="Lower Mississippi">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/lower-mississipi?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Lower Mississippi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)">{{cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/mississippiatchafalaya-river-basin-marb|title=The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)|date=March 24, 2015|website=epec.gov}}</ref><ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin">{{cite report|last1=Donald A.|first1=Goolsby|last2=William A.|first2=Battaglin|last3=Gregory B.|first3=Lawrence|last4=Richard S.|first4=Artz|last5=Brent T.|first5=Aulenbach|last6=Richard P.|first6=Hooper|last7=Dennis R.|first7=Keeney|last8=Gary J.|first8=Stensland|title=Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin|url=http://rcn.montana.edu/Resources/LRES555/Final_Exam/CENRreport.pdf|publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5164/|title=Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007|last1=William A.|first1=Battaglin|last2=Brent T.|first2=Aulenbach|last3=Aldo|first3=Vecchia|last4=Herbert T.|first4=Buxton|publisher=USGS}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS9||'''[[Yenisei]]''' | || {{formatnum:20200}}|| {{formatnum:2588752}}|| {{formatnum:5816}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Yenisei|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 637 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Yenisei (lower and middle main stem 2,249 km)–'''[[Angara]]''' (main stem 1,849 km; drainage area 1,069,040 km²; average discharge 4,530 to 5,250 m³/s)–[[Lake Baikal]] (Selenga inflow–Angara outflow 238 km)–'''[[Selenga]]''' (main stem 1,024 km; 447,060 km²; 964 m³/s)–[[Ider River|Ider]] (456 km; 24,555 km²; 65 m³/s) → Total length 5,816 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|doi-access=free|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917|pmid=34824255|pmc=8617260|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://arcticgreatrivers.org/rivers|title=Arctic Great Rivers Observatory|website=arcticgreatrivers.org}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=217&catid=367&Itemid=179|title=Siberian Basins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean">{{cite report|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/60722.pdf|title=A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean|last1=V. V.|first1=Gordeev|last2=J. M.|first2=Martin|last3=I. S.|first3=Sidorov|last4=M. V.|first4=Sidorova|publisher=American Journal of Science (AJS)|location=Moscow (Russia), Tiksi Sakha (Yakutiya, Russia), Ispra (Italy)|volume=296|pages=664–691|date=1996|website=www.ajsonline.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA10||[[Paraná River|'''Paraná''']] | || {{formatnum:19706}}|| {{formatnum:2630667}}|| {{formatnum:4352}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Río de la Plata]]||{{refn|name=Paraná|group=n|The average discharge of the Paraná River at the [[Paraná Delta]] (19,706 m³/s), covers a 40-year period (1971–2010); Drainage area 2,630,667 km²; Source or headwater: Paraná (main stem 2,897 km)–'''[[Rio Grande (Paraná River tributary)|Rio Grande]]''' (length 1,455 km; drainage area 143,656 km²; average discharge 2,435 m³/s) → Total length 4,352 km; The common estuary of the Paraná and [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] rivers is the [[Río de la Plata|La Plata]]. The La Plata is about 327 km total length (inner fluvial zone 225 km). Its drainage basin is 3,182,064 km² (basin size with endorheic area 4,144,000 km²). It is estimated that about 27,225 m³/s of freshwater flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the estuary (1971–2010). Some consider the La Plata to be a river, others a bay.}}<ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT">{{cite report|url=https://cicplata.org/es/documentos-principales|title=Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT|website=www.cicplata.org|author=Comité Intergubernamental Coordinator (CIC)|publisher=CIC, Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment (UN), Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Organización of American States (OAS)|location=Buenos Aires (Argentina), Piso (Paraguay)|isbn=978-987-4187-01-7|page=308|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata">{{cite report|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca2141en/CA2141EN.pdf|title=Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata|author=FAO AQUASTAT|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)|location=Rome (Italy)|page=18|date=2016|website=www.openknowledge.fao.org}}</ref><ref name="La Plata (Parana)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/la-plata-parana?catid=336&Itemid=0|title=La Plata (Parana)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS11|| '''[[Lena River|Lena]]''' | || {{formatnum:18300}}|| {{formatnum:2492004}} || {{formatnum:4692}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Laptev Sea]]||{{refn|name=Lena|group=n|Average discharge at Lena Delta 581 km³/year, period from 1984 to 2018; Source or headwaters: Lena (lower and middle Lena main stem 2,714 km)–'''[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]''' (main stem 1,837 km, drainage area 234,219 km², average discharge 2,379 m³/s)–Vitimkan (141 km) → Total length 4,692 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kalugin|first1=A. S.|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|journal=Water Resources|date=1 October 2018|volume=45|issue=1|pages=102–111|doi=10.1134/S0097807818050366|bibcode=2018WRes...45S.102K|s2cid=134779637}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA12|| |[[Japurá River|'''Japurá''']] || {{formatnum:18122}}|| {{formatnum:276812}}|| {{formatnum:2816}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA13 | |[[Marañón River|'''Marañón''']] || {{formatnum:17400}}|| {{formatnum:364873}}|| {{formatnum:1905}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Marañón|group=n|Average discharge at San Regis, 1981–2020 (16,400 m³/s, 1973–1990); Hydrologic source of Amazon River (see→[[Source of the Amazon River]]);}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability">{{cite journal|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|title=The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability|last1=Claire|first1=F. Beveridge|last2=Jhan-Carlo|first2=Espinoza|last3=Simone|first3=Athayde|last4=Sandra|first4=Bibiana Correa|last5=Thiago|first5=B. A. Couto|last6=Sebastian|first6=A. Heilpern|last7=Clinton|first7=N. Jenkins|last8=Natalia|first8=C. Piland|last9=Renata|first9=Utsunomiya|last10=Sly|first10=Wongchuig|last11=Elizabeth|first11=P. Anderson|doi=10.1073/pnas.2306229121|volume=121|date=2024|number=22 |article-number=e2306229121 |doi-access=free |pmid=38722826 |pmc=11145265 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12106229B }}</ref><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón">{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/36155977|title=Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón|last=José|first=Serra Vega|page=75|date=2017|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)">{{cite journal|url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12543/1063|title=Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)|journal=Autoridad Nacional del Agua|date=1980|hdl=20.500.12543/1063}}</ref><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)">{{cite report|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/355773780/ANA-Cuenca-Maranon|title=Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)|author-link=ANA–Cuenca Marañon|publisher=Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA), INCLA (IC)|page=629|date=2015}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS14||'''[[Mekong]]''' | || {{formatnum:16010}}|| {{formatnum:773728}} || {{formatnum:4909}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[South China Sea]]||<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP|website=geftwap.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans">{{cite journal|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/29205|title=Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans|last1=Meybeck|first1=M.|last2=Ragu|first2=A.|website=epic.awi.de |date=1997 }}</ref><ref name="Mekong River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mekong-river?catid=190&Itemid=780|title=Mekong River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/mrcmekong.org/download/fmmp-reports/2A_HydrologicalHazards_LMB_21Dec2009.pdf|title=Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin|work=The Flood Management and Mitigation Programme, Component 2: Structural Measures & Flood Proofing in the Lower Mekong Basin|author=The Mekong River Comission (MRC)|publisher=Deltares, Royal Haskoning, UNESCO IHE|location=Delft (Nederland)|page=324|volume=2|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions">{{cite report|url=https://repository.unescap.org/items/b585c464-6f49-4cdb-8de3-b67d2cbebdef|title=A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions|docket=Water resources series|author=UN.ECAFE|publisher=United Nations (UN), Economic Comission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)|location=Bangkok (Thailand), New York (United States)|page=74|date=1966|website=repository.unescap.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use">{{cite report|url=https://repository-uat.unescap.org/items/f0b6dee2-349b-441f-baf9-35a542af4fab/full|title=Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use|author=Economic and Social Comission for Asia the Pacific (ESCAP)|publisher=United Nations (UN)|location=New York (United States), Bangkok (Thailand)|page=323|isbn=92-1-119705-8|issn=0082-8130|number=74|date=1995|website=repository-uat.unescap.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS15|| '''[[Ganges]]''' | ||{{formatnum:15800}} || {{formatnum:1089370}}|| {{formatnum:2704}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Padma, [[Bay of Bengal]]||{{r|group=n|Entire Ganges (Ganga)–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin}}{{refn|name=Ganges|group=n|Average discharge 500 km³/year (period from 1990 to 2020); Source or headwater: [[Meghna River|Lower Meghna]] (main stem 130 km)–[[Padma River|Padma]] (main stem 120 km)–Padma Ganges (main stem 236 km)–Ganges or Ganga (main stem 2,013 km)–[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] (length 205 km, drainage area 6,921 km², average discharge 258 m³/s) → Total length 2,704 km;}}<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020"/><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra"/><ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios"/><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia"/><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS16||'''[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]''' | || {{formatnum:15400}}|| {{formatnum:411516}} || {{formatnum:2288}} ||bgcolor="#F0FFF0"|[[Andaman Sea]]||{{refn|name=Irrawaddy|group=n|Average discharge at [[Irrawaddy Delta]] 486 km³/year; Source or headwater: Irrawaddy (main stem 1,997 km)–'''[[N'Mai River|N'Mai]]''' (main stem 352 km, 24,337 km², 1,383 m³/s)–Khakabo Razi (57 km) → Total length 2,288 km;}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|date=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans"/><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/irrawaddy-ayeyarwaddy?catid=275&Itemid=780|title=Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="cbsharma">{{cite book|author=Webersik|first=Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nufdUc0Ps0C|title=Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges|publisher=Praeger|date=2010|isbn=9780313380075|pages=45}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS17||'''[[Ob]]''' | || {{formatnum:13100}}|| {{formatnum:3023973}} || {{formatnum:5525}} ||bgcolor="#FFF0F5"|[[Gulf of Ob]]||{{refn|name=Ob|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 414 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Ob (lower Ob main stem 1,277 km)–'''[[Irtysh]]''' (main stem 3,576 km; drainage area 1,691,000 km²; average discharge 2,995 m³/s, period 1971–2000)–'''Black Irtysh''' (or Kara Irtysh; 672 km; 53,000 km², 354 m³/s) → Total length 5,525 km;<ref name="The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions">{{cite report|title=The Irtysh River Basin: Transboundary Challenges and Practical Solutions|url=https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/a7f/EDB_2025_Irtysh_Report_ENG.pdf|last1=Evgeny|first1=Vinokurov|last2=Arman|first2=Ahunbaev|last3=Stanislav|first3=Chuyev|last4=Asset|first4=Adakhayev|last5=Tulegen|first5=Sarsembekov|publisher=Eurasian Development Bank (EDB)|location=Almaty (Kazakhstan)|page=54|date=2025|website=eabr.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge"/><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory"/><ref name="Siberian Basins"/><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA18|| |'''[[Tapajós]]'''|| {{formatnum:12800}}|| {{formatnum:492263}}|| {{formatnum:2291}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Tapajós|group=n|Average discharge at [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] 12,800 m³/s, 1985–2018 (13,540 m³/s, 1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tapajós (main stem 810 km)–'''[[Teles Pires]]''' (or São Manoel – length 1,481 km, drainage area 141,987 km², 3,961 m³/s) → Total length 2,291 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|title=A macroscale hydrological data set of river flow routing parameters for the Amazon Basin|last1=Marcos|first1=Heil Costa|last2=Carlos|first2=Henrique C. Oliveira|last3=Ricardo|first3=G. Andrade|last4=Thiago|first4=R. Bustamante|last5=Fabrício|first5=A. Silva|last6=Michael|first6=T. Coe|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2000JD000309|doi=10.1029/2000JD000309|pages=6–9|volume=107|issue=20|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8039C }}</ref><ref name="Long‐term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001JD000740|title=Long-term simulations of discharge and floods in the Amazon Basin|last1=Michael|first1=T. Coe|last2=Marcos|first2=Heil Costa|last3=Aurélie|first3=Botta|last4=Charon|first4=Birkett|volume=107|issue=20|doi=10.1029/2001JD000740|pages=11–17|date=2002 |bibcode=2002JGRD..107.8044C }}</ref><ref name="UHE São Manoel">{{cite report|url=https://www.saomanoelenergia.com.br/sites/edpbrsaomanoel/files/documentos_oficias_-_eia_uhe_sao_manoel_-_volume_2.pdf|title=UHE São Manoel|docket=Usina Hidrelétrica São Manoel|publisher=Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA)|author=Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE)|volume=2|page=231|date=2008|website=saomanoelenergia.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas">{{cite book|url=https://www.ana.gov.br/arquivos/institucional/sge/CEDOC/Catalogo/2013/planoEstrategicoDeRecursos.pdf|last1=Ney|first1=Maranhão|last2=Laura|first2=Tillmann Viana|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Carlos André|first4=Cascelli|last5=Alessandro|first5=Mendes|last6=Raphael|first6=Guimarães|last7=Bárbara|first7=de Castro|last8=Danúzia|first8=Queiroz|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|date=2012|isbn=978-85-89629-91-1|title=Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas}}</ref><ref name="The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil">{{cite journal|journal=Agrarian and Biological Sciences|doi=10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553|url=https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32553|volume=11|date=2022|last1=Guilherme|first1=Augusto Borge|last2=Gabriel|first2=Mancilla|last3=Auberto José|first3=Barros Siqueira|last4=Maurício|first4=Vancine|last5=Milton|first5=Cezar Ribeiro|last6=João|first6=Carlos de Souza Maia|title=The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil|number=10 |pages=e448111032553 }}</ref><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/><ref name="Lynch2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|title=The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters|first=Christine|last=Lynch|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528103830/http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce397/Topics/Amazon/Amazon(2012).pdf|archive-date=2014-05-28}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|NA19||'''[[St. Lawrence River|St Lawrence River]]''' | || {{formatnum:12500}} || {{formatnum:1057304}}|| {{formatnum:3058}} ||bgcolor="#E0FFFF"|[[Gulf of St. Lawrence]]||{{refn|name=St. Lawrence River|group=n|St. Lawrence River at [[Quebec City]]: average discharge (1968–2023) 12,500 m³/s, drainage basin 1,057,304 km², length 3,058 km (source to [[L'Islet, Quebec|L' Islet]]); St. Lawrence River at [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|Pointe-des-Monts]] Lighthouse: length 3,380 km, drainage basin 1,266,642 km², average discharge 17,600 m³/s (1969–2023); Source or headwater: St. Lawrence River (main stem 646 km – main stem with estuary 968 km)–[[Lake Ontario]] (Niagara inflow–St. Lawrence River outflow 311 km)–'''[[Niagara River|Niagara]]''' (length 58 km; drainage area 684,000 km²; average discharge 5,885 m³/s)<ref name="One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission">{{cite report|url=https://www.ijc.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/135.pdf|title=One Hundred Thirty Fifth Semi-Annual Progress Report to the International Joint Commission|author=International Niagara Board of Control|publisher=International Joint Comission|location=Cincinnati (Ohio, United States), Burlington (Ontario, United States),Washington D.C. (United States), Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)|website=www.ijc.org|page=30|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Niagara Falls Info">{{cite web|url=https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/niagara-geological-areas/drianage-of-the-niagara-river|title=Niagara Falls Info|website=www.niagarafallsinfo.com |date=3 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04216000/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060--874388869|title=Statistics for Niagara River at Buffalo NY - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels">{{cite web|url=https://www.glc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2013-glc-annual-mackey.pdf|title=Great Lakes Water Levels|website=Great Lakes Comission|date=2016}}</ref>–[[Lake Erie]] (Detroit inflow–Niagara outflow 385 km)–'''[[Detroit River|Detroit]]''' (45 km; 595,052 km²; 5,324 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|url=https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/lec/research/be/docs/manning%20et%20al%202013.pdf|title=Effects of water clarity on the length and abundance of age-0 yellow perch in the Western Basin of Lake Erie|last1=Nathan|first1=F. Manning|last2=Christine|first2=M. Mayer|last3=Jonathan|first3=M. Bossenbroek|last4=Jeff|first4=T. Tyson|publisher=IAGLR, ELSEVIER|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.010|pages=295–302|volume=39|issue=2|date=2013 |bibcode=2013JGLR...39..295M }}</ref><ref name="Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04165710/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-00060-0|title=Statistics for Detroit River at Fort Wayne at Detroit, MI - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation">{{cite web|url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/349df482f78b401f8726b49ec185bd2e|title=The Detroit River: Its Restoration and Preservation|website=storymaps.arcgis.com |date=5 February 2025 }}</ref>–[[Lake St. Clair]] (St. Clair River inflow–Detroit outflow 53 km)–'''[[St. Clair River]]''' (65 km; 583,509 km²; 5,200 m³/s)<ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" /><ref name="The St. Clair River Area of Concern">{{cite web|url=https://www.friendsofstclair.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/St-Clair-River-AOC-Canadian-RAP-Implementation-Committee-2007-2010-Work-Plan-Summary-of-Accomplishments.pdf|title=The St. Clair River Area of Concern|website=www.friendsofstclair.ca}}</ref><ref name="Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering|title=Record St. Clair River Ice Jam of 1984|url=https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1986/19860008.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:12(1182)|last1=Jan|first1=A. Derecki|last2=Frank|first2=H. Quinn|publisher=ASCE Manager of Journals|volume=112|issue=12|pages=1182–1194|date=1986|via=www.glerl.noaa.gov}}</ref>–[[Lake Huron]] (St. Marys River inflow–St. Clair River outflow 440 km)–'''[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|St. Marys River]]''' (120 km; 211,833 km²; 2,177 m³/s)<ref name="Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation">{{cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/USGS-04127885/statistics/#selectedDataTypes=daily-30208-0|title=Statistics for St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - USGS Water Data for the Nation|website=waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref name="Great Lakes Water Levels" />–[[Lake Superior]] (St. Louis River inflow–St. Marys River outflow 616 km)–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis River]] (309 km; 9,410 km²; 147 m³/s)–[[North River (Minnesota)|North River]] (10 km) → Total length 3,058 km (with estuary 3,380 km);}}<ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">{{cite report|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|docket=Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences 378|last1=Peter|first1=Stewart Galbraith|last2=Joël|first2=Chassé|last3=Jean-Luc|first3=Shaw|last4=Jacqueline|first4=Dumas|last5=Marie-Noëlle|first5=Bourassa|publisher=Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada|location=Québec (Canada)|page=91|date=2024|isbn=978-0-660-71996-2|issn=1488-5417|website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/st-lawrence-great-lakes?catid=316&Itemid=563|title=St Lawrence–Great Lakes|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="rna">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. {{ISBN|978-0-12-088253-3}}. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref> |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |bgcolor="#FFCBCB"|AS20||'''[[Amur]]''' | || {{formatnum:12360}}|| {{formatnum:2129700}} || {{formatnum:5498}} ||bgcolor="#E6E6FA"|[[Strait of Tartary]]||{{refn|name=Amur|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 390 km³/year (2002–2020); Source or headwater: Amur (main stem 2,874 km)–'''[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]''' (main stem 965 km – Argun with Hailar total length 1,620 km, drainage area 300,977 km², average discharge 409 m³/s)–Dalan Orom (Xinkai) and [[Hulun Lake]] (Kherlen inflow–Dalan Orom outflow 94 km)–'''[[Kherlen River|Kherlen]]''' (1,565 km, 238,600 km², 54 m³/s) → Total length 5,498 km;}}<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|doi-access=free|volume=15|number=20|last=Andrey|first=Andreev|date=2023|page=4984|bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world"/><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite report|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|publisher=Ecosystems Ltd., WWF |location=Vladivostok (Russia), Hong Kong, Beijing (China), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Washington (United States)|page=442|isbn=978-988-17227-1-3|date=2008|website=www.feu.awsassets.panda.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"| SA21|| [[Tocantins River|'''Tocantins''']] | || {{formatnum:11800}}|| {{formatnum:777308}}|| {{formatnum:3100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Pará River|Rio Para]] ||{{refn|name=Tocantins|group=n|Average discharge 11,800 m³/s (1973–1990); Source or headwater: Tocantins (lower Tocantins main stem 473 km)–'''[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]''' (length 2,627 km, drainage area 386,073 km², average discharge 6,420 m³/s) → Total length 3,100 km; The [[Pará River|Rio Pará]] is a tidally influenced estuary south of the Amazon River and [[Marajó|Marajó Island]]. From the mouth of the [[Anapu River]] and the [[Furo do Tajapuru]] Channel (Amazonas branch) to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], it is about 350 km long. From the mouth of the Tocantins River, it is called the [[Marajó Bay]]. The total length of the Rio Pará and Tocantins system is 2,850 km from the source of the [[Maranhão River|Maranhão]] River, and 3,100 km from the source of the [[Araguaia River|Araguaia]] River. Its total drainage area is approximately 1 million square kilometers. The Rio Para estuary receives a significant amount of water from the north through the Amazon River. It receives less water from the smaller northern tributaries originating on Marajó Island. The southern inflows are much more significant: the Anapu, the [[Pacajá River|Pacajá]], the [[Jacundá River (Pará)|Jacundá]], the Tocantins–Araguaia system, the [[Guamá River|Guamá]]–[[Capim River|Capim]] with its [[Acará River|Acará]]–[[Moju River (Acará)|Moju]] tributaries. Of these, the Tocantins is considered a separate water system from the Amazon. Some scientists advocate classifying it as part of the Amazon basin, since a significant amount of water (on average 6,000 m³/s) enters the system from the Amazon. The annual average discharge of the Pará River (Rio Pará) before the mouth of the Tocantins River is approximately 10,000 m³/s. Of this, about 6,000 m³/s comes from the Amazon through the ''Breves Channel'' and the Furo do Tajapuru branch. The estuarine system of the Rio Pará and Tocantins is extremely complex. The discharge of the Tocantins fluctuates greatly seasonally. In drier periods, the Amazon River contributes to the discharge through the Breves Channel, so the average discharge of the entire estuary system can reach 21,000–26,000 m³/s at the Atlantic mouth;<ref name="Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil">{{cite journal |last1=Aquino |first1=Samia |last2=Latrubesse |first2=Edgardo |last3=Bayer |first3=Maximiliano |title=Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil |journal=Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis |date=2009 |volume=16 |number=2 |pages=119–128 |url=https://www.lajsba.sedimentologia.org.ar/index.php/lajsba/article/view/111}}</ref><ref name="A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system">{{cite journal |last1=Prestes |first1=Yuri Onça |last2=Borba |first2=Thais Angélica da Costa |last3=Silva |first3=Alex Costa da |last4=Rollnic |first4=Marcelo |title=A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |year=2020 |volume=28 |article-number=100668 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100668 |s2cid=213143882 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="The Estuary">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/the-estuary|title=The Estuary|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref><ref name="Marajó Bay">{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/marajo-bay|title=Marajó Bay|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}</ref>}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Tocantins">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tocantins?catid=345&Itemid=0|title=Tocantins|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras"/><ref name="Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins">{{cite web|title=Acompanhamento do Sistema Hídrico do Rio Tocantins|url=https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br/sala-de-situacao/tocantins/boletins-tocantins-diario/boletim_13_tocantins_publica-1763991289.62.pdf|author=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|website=www.gov.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese">{{cite report|url=https://biblioteca.ana.gov.br/sophia_web/Acervo/Detalhe/3357|title=Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese|last1=João Gilberto|first1=Lotufo Conejo|last2=José Luiz|first2=Gomes Zoby|last3=Ney|first3=Maranhão|last4=Eraldo|first4=Peres|publisher=Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA)|location=Brasília (Brazil)|page=256|isbn=978-85-89629-55-3|date=2009}}</ref><ref name="Boletim Goiano de Geografia">{{cite report|url= https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4785584.pdf|doi=10.5216/bgg.v19i1.15341|title=Boletim Goiano de Geografia|work=The Araguaia–Tocantins Fluvial Basin|last1=José|first1=C. Stevaux|last2=Edgardo|first2=M. Latrubesse|last3=M.|first3=Bayer|last4=R.|first4=Prado|publisher=IESA-UFG|location=Federal University of Goiás (Brazil)|pages=120–127|volume=19|date=1999}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5">{{cite report|url=http://cbhpf.upf.br/download/DBR_Cap5.pdf|title=Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5|page=159|date=2003|publisher=Passo Fundo Campus|location=São José (Brazil)|website=cbhpf.upf.br}}</ref><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|SA22|| |[[Purus River|'''Purus''']] || {{formatnum:11207}}|| {{formatnum:378762}}|| {{formatnum:3361}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Solimões River|Solimões]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien"/><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas"/><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM"/><ref name="Amazon"/><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte"/><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022">{{cite report|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1877/libro.pdf|title=Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022|last1=Dante|first1= Carhuavilca Bonett|last2=Anibal|first2=Sánchez Aguilar|last3=José Luis|first3=Robles Franco|last4=Javier|first4=Vásquez Chihuán|last5=Rosa|first5=Blas Alcántara|last6=Eliana|first6=Quispe Calmett|last7=Felixalberto|first7=Lavado Romani|last8=Ana|first8=Huauya Tacza|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INERI)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=557|date=2022|website=www.inei.gob.pe}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS23|| '''[[Pearl River|Pearl]]''' | || {{formatnum:10700}}|| {{formatnum:442527}} || {{formatnum:2400}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||{{refn|name=Pearl River|group=n|Average discharge at [[Pearl River Delta]] 336 km³/year (1953–2017); Source or headwater: Pearl River (main stem length 177 km)–'''[[Xi River|Xi]]''' (main stem 210 km; drainage area 338,899 km²; average discharge 7,420 m³/s)–'''[[Xun River|Xun]]''' (172 km, 314,096 km², 6,645 m³/s)–'''[[Qian River|Qian]]''' (121 km, 186,660 km², 3,901 m³/s)–'''[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]''' (670 km, 125,626 km², 2,381 m³/s)–'''[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]''' (950 km, 50,560 km², 685 m³/s) → Total length 2,400 km;}}<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|doi=10.3390/su11185007|doi-access=free|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|volume=11|number=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019 |page=5007 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}</ref><ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|title=Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center|publisher=Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2012-11-08|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203044933/http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml|archivedate=2013-02-03 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF24|| |[[Kasai River|'''Kasai''']]|| {{formatnum:10457}}|| {{formatnum:884376}}|| {{formatnum:2272}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï">{{cite web |url=https://www.crrebac.org/blog/professeur-raphael-tshimanga-phd-hydrologie-2/conception-dun-reseau-optimal-de-suivi-hydrometeorologique-et-climatique-du-bassin-versant-de-kasai-120 |title=Conception d'un Réseau Optimal de Suivi Hydrométéorologique et Climatique du Bassin Versant de Kasaï |last=Dr. Raphael |first=M. Tshimanga |date=2019 |website=www.crrebac.org}}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation">{{cite report |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/88e59f9a-8a9a-4cb3-8ee8-d25f313c7987/content |title=The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation |last1=K.A. |first1=Edwards |last2=G.A. |first2=Classen |last3=E.H.J. |first3=Schroten |publisher=The International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) |location=Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) |page=103 |date=1983 |isbn=92-9053-043-X}}</ref><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA25||'''[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]''' | || {{formatnum:9910}}|| {{formatnum:1801938}}|| {{formatnum:4241}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Beaufort Sea]]||{{refn|name=Mackenzie|group=n|Average discharge at Mackenzie Delta 310 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Mackenzie (main stem 1,749 km)–[[Great Slave Lake]] (Slave inflow–Mackenzie outflow 135 km)–'''[[Slave River|Slave]]''' (main stem 434 km, drainage area 616,400 km², 3,451 m³/s)–'''[[Peace River|Peace]]''' (1,521 km, 306,000 km², 2,225 m³/s)–'''[[Finlay River|Finlay]]''' (402 km, 43,271 km², 680 m³/s) → Total length 4,241 km;}}<ref name="The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study">{{cite report|url=https://www.math.ualberta.ca/~bowman/clembowman.info/PDFs/Chapter8-June12.pdf|title=The Mackenzie River Hydroelectric Complex – Concept Study|last=F. Pierre|first=Gingras|publisher=University of Alberta|pages=137–150|date=2013|website=www.math.ualberta.ca}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Mackenzie">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mackenzie?catid=308&Itemid=563|title=Mackenzie|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA26|| |[[Beni River|'''Beni''']]|| {{formatnum:9741}}|| {{formatnum:281367}}|| {{formatnum:1619}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madeira River|Madeira]]||{{refn|name=Beni|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth (period from 1968 to 1982); Source or headwater: Beni (main stem 1,178 km)–Alto Beni (main stem 178 km, drainage area 31,240 km², average discharge 637 m³/s)–[[Cotacajes River|Cotacajes]] (main stem 125 km, 8,310 km², 121 m³/s)–[[Sacambaya River|Sacambaya]] (37 km)–[[Ayopaya River|Ayopaya]] (40 km)–[[Leque River|Leque]] (37 km)–[[Tallija River|Tallija]] (24 km) → Total length 1,619 km;}}<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE"/><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)"/><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA27 | |[[Xingu River|'''Xingu''']] || {{formatnum:9298}}|| {{formatnum:509685}}|| {{formatnum:2324}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Xingu|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1972–2003 (9,680 m³/s, period 1973 to 1990); Source or headwater: Xingu (main stem 1,640 km)–'''[[Culuene River|Culuene]]''' (length 684 km, 29,560 km², average discharge 543 m³/s) → Total length 2,324 km;}}<ref name="Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin"/><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /><ref name="Lynch2012" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF28|| '''[[Niger River|Niger]]''' | || {{formatnum:8630}}|| {{formatnum:2273946}} || {{formatnum:4184}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Guinea]]||<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book|url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm|title=The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management|last1=Inger|first1=Andersen|last2=Ousmane|first2=Dione|last3=Martha|first3=Jarosewich-Holder|last4=Jean-Claude|first4=Olivry|last5=Katherin|first5=George Golitzen|isbn=9780821362037|date=2005|publisher=World Bank }}</ref><ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |date=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA29|| |[[Putumayo River|'''Putumayo''']]|| {{formatnum:8520}}|| {{formatnum:120545}}|| {{formatnum:2005}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |[[Europe|EU]]30|| '''[[Volga]]''' | || {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:1466717}}|| {{formatnum:3700}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Caspian Sea]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report">{{cite report|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=The Volga River Basin Report|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|publisher=UNESCO, UNEP, International Sediment Initiative|location=Moscow (Russia)|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="Volga">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/volga?catid=226&Itemid=550|title=Volga|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA31|| |[[Ohio River|'''Ohio''']]|| {{formatnum:8380}}|| {{formatnum:528202}}|| {{formatnum:2102}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]||{{refn|name=Ohio|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1951–1996; Source or headwater: Ohio (main stem 1,579 km)–'''[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]''' (length 523 km, drainage area 30,247 km², average discharge 580 m³/s) → Total length 2,102 km;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= Leeden |first= Frits van der |author2= Fcrimson L. Troise |author3= David Keith Todd |title= The Water Encyclopedia |edition= 2nd |year= 1990 |publisher= Lewis Publishers |location= Chelsea, Mich. |isbn= 0-87371-120-3 |page= [https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 126] |url= https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000vand/page/126 }}</ref><ref name="Ohio">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/ohio?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Ohio|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA32||'''[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]''' | || {{formatnum:8058}}|| {{formatnum:271807}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caribbean Sea]]||{{refn|name=Magdalena|group=n|Average discharge at [[Calamar, Bolívar|Calamar]], 1991–2020;}}<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua|title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.ideam.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/informes/Estudios%20nacionales%20del%20agua |title=Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014|website=www.ideam.gov.co}}</ref><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/magdalena-cauca?catid=337&Itemid=0|title=Magdalena–Cauca|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA33|| '''[[Columbia River|Columbia]]''' | || {{formatnum:7478}}|| {{formatnum:724025}} || {{formatnum:2250}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pacific Ocean]]||{{refn|name=Columbia|group=n|Average discharge at [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]] 236 km³/year (period from 1979 to 2015); Source or headwater: Columbia (lower and middle Columbia main stem 515 km – The total length from the traditional – geographical – source to the mouth is 1,954 km;)–'''[[Snake River|Snake]]''' (length 1,735 km, drainage area 260,939 km², average discharge 1,756 m³/s) → Total length 2,250 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Columbia River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/columbia?catid=184&Itemid=563|title=Columbia River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior">{{cite web|url=https://portoflewiston.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Appendix-U.pdf|title=Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=United States Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy Liermann|last3=Dynesius|first3=Mats|last4=Revenga|first4=Carmen|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.1107887|date=2005|volume=308|issue=5720|pages=405–408|pmid=15831757|bibcode=2005Sci...308..405N|s2cid=34820022}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS34|| |'''Middle Ob'''|| {{formatnum:7428}}|| {{formatnum: 1040000}}|| {{formatnum:3061}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ob]]||{{refn|name=Middle Ob|group=n|Ob River above Irtysh River; Average discharge 7,428 m³/s (1971–2000); Drainage area 1,040,000 km²; Source or headwater: Middle and Upper Ob (main stem 2,373 km)–'''[[Katun (river)|Katun]]''' (length 688 km, drainage area 60,900 km², average discharge 652 m³/s) → Total length 3,061 km;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA35|| [[Uruguay River|'''Uruguay''']] | || {{formatnum:7058}}|| {{formatnum:353451}}|| {{formatnum:2408}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Río de la Plata ||{{refn|name=Uruguay|group=n|Average discharge at [[Nueva Palmira]], 1971–2010; Source or headwater: Uruguay (main stem 1,838 km)–'''[[Canoas River|Canoas]]''' (length 570 km, drainage area 14,884 km², average discharge 309 m³/s) → Total length 2,408 km;}}<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA36|| '''[[Yukon River|Yukon]]''' | || {{formatnum:7000}}|| {{formatnum:861461}}|| {{formatnum:3185}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Norton Sound]]||<ref name="Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta">{{cite book |url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf |title=Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fished in the Yukon Delta |last1=Douglas |first1=J. Martin |last2=Clifford |first2=J. Whitmus |last3=Lon |first3=E. Hachmeister |date=1987}}</ref><ref name="Yukon">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=145&catid=315&Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yukon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994204/pdf/wri994204.pdf|title=Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada|last1=Timothy|first1=P. Brabets|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|page=114|date=2000|website=pubs.usgs.gov}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA37|| |[[Napo River|'''Napo''']]|| {{formatnum:6800}}|| {{formatnum:103308}}|| {{formatnum:1130}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Napo|group=n|Average discharge at Bellavista, 1981–2020;}}<ref name="The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/10462866|title=Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo|last=Laborde|first=Jorge Lopez|date=January 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS38|| '''[[Salween River|Salween]]''' | || {{formatnum:6691}}|| {{formatnum:283500}}|| {{formatnum:3289}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|number=9|date=2020|article-number=e2020JF005554 |issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B}}</ref><ref name="Salween (Nu river)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/salween-nu-river?catid=282&Itemid=780|last=Eric|first=Tilman|title=Salween (Nu river)|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/><ref name="Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future">{{cite report|url=https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:81d5fdd6-0adb-456b-ba27-902f76fd70f1|title=Water allocation assessment to support IWRM in the major river basins of Myanmar: Now and in the Future|last=Rens|first=Hasman|publisher=Deltares, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)|location=Delft (Netherlands)|page=215|date=2014|website=repository.tudelft.nl}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of the Salween River Delta from 1973 to 2021|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1467|last1=Aoyang|first1=He|last2=Jiangcheng|first2=Huang|last3=Zhengbao|first3=Sun|last4=Jingyi|first4=Zhou|last5=Cheng|first5=Yang|doi=10.3390/rs15051467|doi-access=free|page=16|volume=15|issue=5|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |[[Oceania|OC]]39|| '''[[Fly River|Fly]]''' | || {{formatnum:6500}}|| {{formatnum:73809}}|| {{formatnum:1050}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Papua]]||<ref name="Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño">{{cite journal |journal=Geophysical |title=Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Niño |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JF000669 |last1=Andrea |first1=S. Ogston |last2=Richard |first2=W. Sternberg |last3=Charles |first3=A. Nittrouer |last4=D. Preston |first4=Martin |last5=Miguel |first5=A. Goñi |last6=John |first6=S. Crockett |volume=113 |page=18 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000669 |date=2008 |number=F1 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S11O}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region">{{cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11017/211 |title=Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region |last1=David |first1=Lawrence |last2=Tim |first2=Cansfield-Smith |date=1990 |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |hdl=11017/211 |isbn=978-0-642-12028-1 }}</ref><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/wiki/Main_Page|title=DFO – Flood Observatory|website=floodobservatory.colorado.edu}}</ref><ref name="The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment">{{cite report|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6969|title=The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea: a regional environmental assessment|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)|publisher=IUCN|location=Gland (Switzerland)|page=86|isbn=978-2-8317-0236-0|website=portals.iucn.org}}</ref><ref name="Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River">{{cite report|url=https://nesptropical.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NESP-Project-2.2.1-Final-Report.pdf|title=Identifying water quality and ecosystem health threats to the Torres Strait and Far Northern GBR arising from runoff of the Fly River|last=Jane|first=Waterhouse|publisher=Tropical Water Quality (TWQ), National Environmental Science Program (NESP), Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited (RRRC)|location=James Cook University, Town (Australia)|page=184|isbn=978-1-925514-27-8|date=2018}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU40|| '''[[Danube]]''' | || {{formatnum:6452}}|| {{formatnum:801463}}|| {{formatnum:2850}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Black Sea]]||<ref name="Danube">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179 |title=Danube |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers of Europe">{{cite book|url=https://www.jcerni.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/camaro-d/192%20The%20Danube%20River%20Basin.pdf|title=Rivers of Europe|chapter=The Danube River Basin|last1=Klement|first1=Tockner|last2=Christopher|first2=T. Robinson|last3=Urs|first3=Uehlinger|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-369449-2|doi=10.1016/B978.0-12-369449-2.X0001-X|pages=59–112|date=2009 |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/second-assessment-transboundary-rivers-lakes-and-groundwaters#|title=Drainage basin of the Black Sea|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis">{{cite conference |url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html |conference=6th Water Resources and Wetlands 2023–Eco friendly meeting: Tulcea (Romania) |title=The Danube River and its delta, hydrogeographyc characteristics – actual synthesis |last1=Petre |first1=Gâștescu |last2=Petre |first2=Bretcan |last3=Elena |first3=Tuchiu |publisher=Romanian Limnogeographical Association (RLA) |location=Tulcea, Călăraşi, Bucharest (Romania) |page=16 |issn=2285-7923 |date=2023 |website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)">{{cite report|url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/8/32944.pdf|title=Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)|last=Bondar|first=Constantin|publisher=National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar)|location=Bucharest (Romania)|page=13|website=www.osce.org|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime">{{cite report|url=https://www.limnology.ro/water2012/Proceedings/001.pdf|title=The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime|last1=Gâştescu|first1=Petre|last2=Țuchiu|first2=Elena|docket=Water resources and wetlands: Conference Proceedings|location=Tulcea, Romania|editor-first1=Petre|editor-last1=Gâştescu|editor-first2=William |editor-last2=Lewis William Jr|editor-first3=Petre|editor-last3=Breţcan|date=2012|isbn=978-606-605-038-8|page=18|website=www.limnology.ro}}</ref><ref name="Buletin hidrologic zilnic">{{cite report|url=https://www.hidro.ro/bulletin_type/buletin-hidrologic-zilnic|title=Buletin hidrologic zilnic|docket=Diagnoza și prognoza pentru Dunăre|author=Institutul Nacional de Hidrologie și Gospodărire a Apelor (I. N. H. G. A.)|publisher=I.N.H.G.A.|location=Bucharest (Romania)|website=www.hidro.ro}}</ref><ref name="TNMN Yearbooks">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/tnmn-yearbooks|title=TNMN Yearbooks|docket=Water Quality in the Danube River Basin|last=Igor|first=Liska|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA41 || |[[Madre de Dios River|'''Madre de Dios''']]|| {{formatnum:6372}}|| {{formatnum:125287}}|| {{formatnum:1210}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Beni River|Beni]]||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Recursos Hídricos - INE" /><ref name="Balance Hídrico Superficial de Bolivia (1980–2016)" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS42|| '''[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]''' | || {{formatnum:6012}}|| {{formatnum:94457}}|| {{formatnum:1143}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |doi=10.1002/2016JG003701 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380 |last1=Ting-Hsuan |first1=Huang |last2=Chen-Tung |first2=Arthur Chen |last3=Hsiao-Chun |first3=Tseng |last4=Jiann-Yuh |first4=Lou |last5=Shu Lun |first5=Wang |last6=Liyang |first6=Yang |last7=Selvaraj |first7=Kandasamy |last8=Xuelu |first8=Gao |last9=Jough-Tai |first9=Wang |last10=Edvin |first10=Aldrian |last11=G.S. |first11=Jacinto |last12=Gusti Z. |first12=Anshari |last13=Penjai |first13=Sompongchaiyakul |last14=B.J. |first14=Wang |title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS |date=May 2017 |s2cid=135024272 |volume=122 |number=5 |pages=1239–1259}}</ref><ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/kalimantan-borneo?catid=277&Itemid=780 |title=Kalimantan–Borneo |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA43|| |[[Juruá River|'''Juruá''']]|| {{formatnum:6004}}|| {{formatnum:190573}}|| {{formatnum:3283}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF44 | |[[Ubangi River|'''Ubangi''']] || {{formatnum:5936}}|| {{formatnum:651915}}|| {{formatnum:2350}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ubangi|group=n|Average discharge, 1911–1983; Source or headwater: Ubangi (main stem 1,046 km)–'''[[Uele River|Uele]]''' (main stem 864 km, drainage area 140,155 km², average discharge 1,468 m³/s)–[[Kibali River|Kibali]] (440 km, 22,380 km², 175 m³/s) → Total length 2,350 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin">{{cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764|doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |year=2018 |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=Da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 }}</ref><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Congo River"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA45 | |[[Meta River|'''Meta''']] || {{formatnum:5694}}|| {{formatnum:106733}}|| {{formatnum:1100}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Orinoco]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS46|| '''[[Indus River|Indus]]''' | || {{formatnum:5589}}|| {{formatnum:1143101}}|| {{formatnum:3600}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Arabian Sea]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Indus">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indus?catid=220&Itemid=0|title=Indus|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya">{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7|chapter=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India|title=Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya|series=Society of Earth Scientists Series|date=2015|last1=Khan|first1=Abul A.|last2=Pant|first2=Naresh C.|last3=Goswami|first3=Anuj|last4=Lal |first4=Ravish|last5=Joshi|first5=Rajesh|pages=67–84|isbn=978-3-319-13742-1}}</ref><ref name="The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River">{{cite web|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/74/15/the-geographical-and-traditional-sources-of-the-indus-river|title=The Geographical and Traditional Sources of the Indus River|last=Seregei|first=Balalaev|date=2026|website=www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS47|| |[[Aldan (river)|'''Aldan''']] || {{formatnum:5501}}|| {{formatnum:717203}}|| {{formatnum:2273}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Lena River|Lena]]||<ref name="Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires">{{cite book|doi=10.3390/ECWS-3-05801|doi-access=free|last1=Evgenii|first1=I. Ponomarev|last2=Tatiana|first2=V. Ponomarev|title=Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires|chapter=Response of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires |date=2018|volume=7|number=1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA48 | |[[Branco River|'''Rio Branco''']]|| {{formatnum:5300}}|| {{formatnum:192393}}|| {{formatnum:1454}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]||{{refn|name=Rio Branco|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1980–2006; Source or headwater: Rio Branco (main stem 802 km)–'''[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]''' (length 652 km, drainage area 49,630 km², average discharge 1,500 m³/s) → Total length 1,454 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional">{{cite report|url=https://www.agbbauru.org.br/publicacoes/revista/anoXXV_2/agb_xxv_2_web/agb_xxv_2-14.pdf|title=Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional|last1=Thiago|first1=Moratode Carvalho|last2=Rúbson|first2=Pinheiro Maia|last3=Carlos|first3=Sander|publisher=Ciência Geográfica, Associação dos Geografos Brasileiro — Seção Bauru|location=Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidade Federal do Ceará|pages=657–681|volume=15|date=2021|website=www.agbbauru.org.br}}</ref><ref name="Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia">{{cite report|url=https://coc.ufrj.br/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/41068/48796/Augusto-Cesar-Vieira-Getirana-_D.pdf|title=Contribuições da Altimetria Espacial á Modelagem Hidrológica de Grandes Bacias na Amazônia|last1=Augusto César|first1=Vieira Getirana|last2=Webe João|first2=Mansur|last3=Marie-Paule|first3=Bonnet|last4=Frédérique|first4=Seyler|last5=Nelson Luis|first5=da Costa Dias|last6=Otto Corrêa|first6=Rotunno Filho|last7=Serge|first7=Chauzy|last8=Walter|first8=Collischonn|publisher=Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Coordenação dos Programas de Pós–Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE)|location=Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)|page=273|doi=10.1002/hyp|date=2009|website=coc.ufrj.br |doi-broken-date=12 April 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA49 | |'''Upper Orinoco'''|| {{formatnum:5294}}|| {{formatnum:100975}}|| {{formatnum:890}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||{{refn|name=Upper Orinoco|group=n|Orinoco River above Guaviare River;}}<ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA50 | |[[Javary River|'''Javary''']]|| {{formatnum:5194}}|| {{formatnum:108966}}|| {{formatnum:1309}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF51|| '''[[Ogooué River|Ogooué]]''' | || {{formatnum:5142}}|| {{formatnum:225548}} || {{formatnum:1200}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Site ramsar bas Ogooue">{{cite conference|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/GA1851RISformer_160316.pdf|title=Site ramsar bas Ogooue|conference=Session de la Conférence des Parties contractantes|publisher=FDR|page=22|date=2008|location=Liberville, Gabon|last1=Mengue|first1=Medou|last2=Ondamba|first2=Ombanda|last3=Ndjokounda|first3=Come|last4=Mounganga|first4=Magloir-Désiré|last5=Bayani|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Mikala|first6=Rufin|website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348187946|title=Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data|date=September 2018|conference=AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin|location=Washington DC|website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC52||'''[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]''' | || {{formatnum:5014}}|| {{formatnum:78957}} || {{formatnum:1112}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean||{{refn|name=Mamberamo|group=n|Average discharge at Mamberamo Delta 158.23 km³/year (2003–2012); Source or headwaters: Mamberamo (main stem 283 km)–'''[[Taritatu River|Taritatu]]''' (main stem 650 km, drainage area 47,803 km², average discharge 2,703 m³/s)–[[Waruta River|Waruta]] (179 km, 4,296 km², 123 m³/s) → Total length 1,112 km;}}<ref name="Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia">{{cite report|url=https://www.restec.or.jp/geoss_ap2/pdf/0415/wg2/sr1/06.pdf|title=Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin Indonesia|publisher=Indonesian Hydrological Society|last=Joesron|first=Loebis|date=2008|website=www.restec.or.jp}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2014_Pola%20PSDA%20Mamberamo%20Tami%20Apauvar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mamberamo–Tami–Apauvar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2014}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC53||'''[[Sepik]]''' | || {{formatnum:5000}}|| {{formatnum:80386}} || {{formatnum:1126}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bismarck Sea]]||{{refn|name=Sepik|group=n|Average discharge at [[Angoram]], 1964–1980;}}<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">{{cite report|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)|location=Canberra (Australia)|page=212|date=1977|isbn=0-7081-0410-X|website=openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA54|| |[[Caroní River|'''Caroní''']] || {{formatnum:4981}}|| {{formatnum:95442}}|| {{formatnum:952}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | SA55 | |[[Juruena River|'''Juruena''']] || {{formatnum:4937}}|| 192,628||{{formatnum:1240}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tapajós]]||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU56|| '''[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]''' | || {{formatnum:4877}}|| {{formatnum:312763}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Barents Sea]]||<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">{{cite journal |title=Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea |last1=Vladimir |first1=Rogozhin |last2=Alexander |first2=Osadchiev |last3=Olga |first3=Konivalova |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |date=2023 |volume=10 |article-number=1052044 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1052044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1052044R }}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=126&catid=298&Itemid=179|title=Northern Europe|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA57 | |'''[[Paraná do Urariá]]'''–[[Canumã River|'''Canumã''']] || {{formatnum:4804}}|| {{formatnum:133212}}|| {{formatnum:1313}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||{{refn|name=Paraná do Urariá–Canumã|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Paraná do Urariá (main stem 408 km)–'''[[Canumã River|Canumã]]''' (main stem 218 km, drainage area 52,208 km², average discharge 2,135 m³/s)–'''[[Sucunduri River|Sucunduri]]''' (687 km, 26,541 km², 943 m³/s) → Total length 1,313 km;}}<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS58|| | '''[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]'''|| {{formatnum:4753}}|| {{formatnum:69871}}|| {{formatnum:1040}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Old Brahmaputra River|Old Brahmaputra]], Lower Meghna ||<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020" /><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III" /><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS59|| |[[Chindwin River|'''Chindwin''']]|| {{formatnum:4740}}|| {{formatnum:114685}}|| {{formatnum:1207}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]]||<ref name="Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.">{{cite report|title=Cataloge of Rivers in Southeast Asia and the Pacific–Volume VI.|work=Myanmar 1. Chindwin River|url=http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_06/Myanmar-1_Chindwin_River.pdf|last1=Hidetaka|first1=Chikamori|last2=Liu|first2=Heng|last3=Trevor|first3=Daniel|publisher=UNESCO–IHP|location=Yokohama (Japan)|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS60|| '''[[Rajang River|Rajang]]''' | || {{formatnum:4715}}|| {{formatnum:52009}}|| 773 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River">{{cite thesis|last=Sien Aun |first=Edwin Sia |title=Microbial Ecology and Nutrient Dynamics of the Rajang River|date=2019|degree=Doctor of Philosophy|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|access-date=7 March 2022|publisher=Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science - Swinburne University of Technology|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109085640/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/6e6a61f5-0d9f-405c-9631-77aeedfab016/1/edwin_sia_thesis.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA61|| |[[Paraguay River|'''Paraguay''']]|| {{formatnum:4696}}|| {{formatnum:1120154}}|| {{formatnum:2621}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Paraná River|Paraná]]||<ref name="Análisis Diagnóstico Transfronterizo de la Cuenca del Plata – ADT" /><ref name="Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata" /><ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS62 | |'''[[Gan River|Gan]]'''|| {{formatnum:4658}}|| {{formatnum:162225}}|| {{formatnum:885}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yangtze]]||{{refn|name=Gan|group=n|Average discharge from the Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River is 147 km³/year (1960–2022); Total drainage area 162,225 km²; Source or headwater: Gan (main stem 572 km – Average discharge into the Lake Poyang 2,865 m³/s, drainage area 103,074 km²)–[[Lake Poyang]]–'''[[Gong River|Gong]]''' (length 313 km, drainage area 27,074 km², 700 m³/s) → Total length 885 km;}}<ref name="Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake">{{cite report|url=https://bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org/journal/vol38/iss12/18|title=Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures o extreme droughts in Poyang Lake|last1=Zhang|first1=Qi|last2=Xue|first2=Chenyang|last3=Xia|first3=Jun|publisher=China Academic Journals|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1894–1902|date=2023|website=bulletinofcas.researchcommons.org}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS63|| '''[[Barito River|Barito]]''' | || {{formatnum:4514}}|| {{formatnum:78632}} || {{formatnum:1090}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]]||{{refn|name=Barito|group=n|Average discharge at Barito Delta, 2003–2016; Source or headwater: Barito (main stem 832 km)–'''Murung''' (length 258 km, drainage area 7,411 km², average discharge 555 m³/s) → Total length 1,090 km;}}<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF64|| |[[Ruki River|'''Ruki''']]|| {{formatnum:4500}}|| {{formatnum:175293}}|| {{formatnum:1296}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Ruki|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Ruki (main stem 105 km)–'''[[Busira River|Busira]]''' (main stem 305 km, drainage area 123,669 km², average discharge 3,343 m³/s)–'''[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]]''' (886 km, 51,468 km², 1,422 m³/s) → Total length 1,296 km;}}<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River">{{cite web|url=https://www.xylem.com/en-om/resources/case-studies/the-annual-hydrograph-of-the-ruki-river|title=The Annual Hydrograph of the Ruki River|website=www.xylem.com|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA65 || | '''Upper Tocantins'''||{{formatnum:4448}} ||{{formatnum:308345}} ||{{formatnum:2167}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] ||{{refn|name=Upper Tocantins|group=n|Tocantins River above Araguaia River; Its average discharge at the mouth of the Araguaia 4,448 m³/s (period from 1971 to 2000); Source or headwater: Tocantins (upper Tocantins main stem 1,658 km → Total length lower and upper Tocantins 2,640 km)–'''[[Maranhão River|Maranhão]]''' (main stem 392 km, drainage area 41,383 km², average discharge 699 m³/s)–[[Arraial Velho River|Arraial Velho]] (117 km);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /><ref name="Plano estratégico da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia: relatório síntese" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA66 | |[[Vaupés River|'''Vaupés''']] || {{formatnum:4345}}|| {{formatnum:64370}}|| {{formatnum:1381}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS67|| '''[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]''' | || {{formatnum:4341}}|| {{formatnum:170903}}|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Tonkin]]||<ref name="Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010">{{cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/SIM3235.pdf|title=Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010|last1=Paul|first1=J. Kinzel|last2=Jonathan|first2=M. Nelson|last3=Duong|first3=Duc Toan|last4=Mung|first4= Dinh Thanh|last5=Yasuyuki|first5=Shimizu|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)|location=Sapporo (Japan), Golden (Colorado, United States), Hanoi (Vietnam)|website=www.pubs.usgs.gov|date=2012}}</ref><ref name="Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River">{{cite report |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |title=Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River |date=2004 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="Guidebook on Water Resources, Use and Management in Asia and the Pacific – Volume One: Water Resources and Water Use"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS68|| '''[[Mahakam River|Mahakam]]''' | || {{formatnum:4278}}|| {{formatnum:77095}}|| 980 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Makassar Strait]]||<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/files/2017_Pola%20PSDA%20Mahakam.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2023}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS69|| |[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska|'''Lower Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:4139}}|| {{formatnum:473000}}|| {{formatnum:2989}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Yenisei]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA70||'''[[Atrato River|Atrato]]''' | || {{formatnum:4138}}|| {{formatnum:36231}}|| 750 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Urabá]]||<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">{{cite journal|title=Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia|last=Wilmar|first=Loaiza Cerón|journal=Water|date=2020|volume=12|number=1|page=216|doi=10.3390/w12010216|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020Water..12..216L |hdl=10251/176393|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="urlgeotest.tamu.edu">{{cite web |url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |title=Chapter 14 |work=The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads |accessdate=2011-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325144718/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/210.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF71|| '''[[Zambezi]]''' | || {{formatnum:4134}}|| {{formatnum:1474004}} || {{formatnum:3421}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Mozambique Channel]]||{{refn|name=Zambezi|group=n|Average discharge at Zambezi Delta 130.39 km³/year (1962–2002); Source or headwater: Zambezi (main stem 2,389 km)–'''[[Lungwebungu River|Lungwebungu]]''' (length 1,032 km, drainage area 44,368 km², average discharge 114 m³/s) → Total length 3,421 km; According to the latest research, the length of the Zambezi River from its traditional geographical source is 3,079 km ([[Zambia]]). The distance from the most remote source—at the headwaters of the Lungwebungu River in [[Angola]]—to the mouth is 3,421 km. In years when the [[Okavango River|Okavango]] experiences a good flood some of the water escapes east along the normally dry channel of the Magwekwana River into the Linyanti Swamp, thus entering the Zambezi basin. According to the GRDC, the combined catchment area of ​​the Zambezi and Okavango is 1,988,756 km².<ref name="Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security">{{cite report|title=Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi River: implications for regional water security|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/4557/2025|last1=Mauro|first1=Lourenco|last2=Rutledge|first2=S. Boyes|last3=Fenton|first3=P. D. Cotterill|last4=Tyrel|first4=Flügel|last5=Frank|first5=C. Nyoni|last6=Goabaone|first6=J. Ramatlapeng|last7=Rainer|first7=von Brandis|publisher=European Geosciences Union (EGU), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)|date=2025|volume=29|issue=18|website=hess.copernicus.org, www.egu.eu}}</ref>}}<ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi">{{cite web|url=https://riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zambezi-lake-malawi?catid=326&Itemid=0|title=Zambezi–Lake Malawi|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis">{{cite report|url=https://cridf.net/RC/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/36ZambeziStateoftheBasinVol3.pdf|title=The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis|docket=State of the Basin|author=The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington D.C. (United States)|website=www.worldbank.org|page=202|volume=3|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries" /><ref name="DFO – Flood Observatory" /><ref name="Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River">{{cite journal |last1=Hamududu |first1=Byman |last2=Killingtveit |first2=Ånund |title=Hydropower Production in Future Climate Scenarios; the Case for the Zambezi River |journal=Energies |date=2016 |volume=9 |issue=7 |page=502 |doi=10.3390/en9070502|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/2472289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU72|| |[[Kama (river)|'''Kama''']]|| {{formatnum:4119}}|| {{formatnum:523324}}|| {{formatnum:1805}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Volga]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS73|| '''[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]''' | || {{formatnum:4100}}|| {{formatnum:679934}}|| {{formatnum:2600}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kolyma Gulf]]||<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Arctic Great Rivers Observatory" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA74|| |[[Apaporis River|'''Apaporis''']]|| {{formatnum:4092}}|| {{formatnum:53509}}|| {{formatnum:1425}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Japurá River|Japurá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA75 || |[[Aripuanã River|'''Aripuanã''']]|| {{formatnum:4087}}|| {{formatnum:147224}}|| {{formatnum:1175}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA76|| '''[[Nelson River|Nelson]]''' | || {{formatnum:4024}}|| {{formatnum:1353555}}|| {{formatnum:2670}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Hudson Bay]]||{{refn|name=Nelson|group=n|Nelson with [[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[Nelson River Hydroelectric Project]]); Source or headwater: Nelson (main stem 644 km)–[[Lake Winnipeg]] (Saskstchewan inflow–Nelson outflow 87 km)–'''[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 547 km, drainage area 405,864"km², 634 m³/s)–'''[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]''' (main stem 805 km, 131,442 km², 280 m³/s)–[[Bow River|Bow]] (587 km, 23,862 km², 129 m³/s) → Total length 2,670 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada">{{cite report|url=https://archipel.uqam.ca/3971/1/D2158.pdf|title=Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada|last=Éric|first=Rosa|publisher=Université du Québec á Montréal, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris|location=Montréal, Québec (Canada), Paris (France)|website=www.archipel.ugam.ca|page=189|date=2011}}</ref><ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">{{cite journal|journal=Research Article|url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/29/291/2025/hess-29-291-2025.html|last1=Vivek|first1=K. Arora|last2=Aranildo|first2=Lima|last3=Rajesh|first3=Shrestha|page=291-312|volume=29|issue=1|title=The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model|doi=10.5194/hess-29-291-2025|date=2025|doi-access=free|bibcode=2025HESS...29..291A}}</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">{{cite journal |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |date=2021 |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |s2cid=236682638 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA77|| '''[[Fraser River|Fraser]]'''|| || {{formatnum:3972}}|| {{formatnum:245452}}|| {{formatnum:1375}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Strait of Georgia]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Fraser">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/fraser?catid=199&Itemid=563|title=Fraser|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada">{{cite report|url=http://awsassets.wwf.ca/downloads/wwf_canadas_riversatrisk_technicalreport.pdf|title=Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada|last1=Becky|first1=Swainson|last2=Brian|first2=Richter|last3=Tim|first3=Morris|last4=David|first4=Schindler|last5=Tom|first5=Le Quesne|last6=Allan|first6=Locke|publisher=WWF–Canada|page=96|date=2011|website=www.awsassets.wwf.ca}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA78 | |[[Huallaga River|'''Huallaga''']] || {{formatnum:3955}}|| {{formatnum:89691}}|| {{formatnum:1169}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Marañón River|Marañón]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA79 | |[[Jutaí River|'''Jutaí''']] || {{formatnum:3859}}|| {{formatnum:79374}}|| {{formatnum:1174}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA80|| '''[[La Grande River|La Grande]]''' | || {{formatnum:3808}}|| {{formatnum:209000}}|| 893 || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]]||{{refn|name=La Grande|group=n|La Grande–[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]–[[Eastmain River|Eastmain]]–[[Rupert River|Rupert]]; Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]);}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay">{{cite web |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/east-hudson-bay?catid=305&Itemid=563 |title=East Hudson Bay |last=Eric |first=Tilman |website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">{{cite journal |journal=Environmental Science |title=Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/20/4801/2016/hess-20-4801-2016.pdf |doi=10.5194/hess-20-4801-2016 |page=4801-4818 |volume=20 |last1=Stephen |first1=J. Déry |last2=Tricia |first2=A. Stadnyk |last3=Matthew |first3=K. MacDonald |last4=Bunu |first4=Gauli- Sharma |date=2016 |issue=12 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016HESS...20.4801D}}</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., ''Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume.'' July 2005 ([http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104610/http://www.hydroquebec.com/sustainable-development/documentation/pdf/complexe_lagrande/panache_en.pdf|date=5 June 2011}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA81|| |'''[[Upper Mississippi River|Upper Mississippi]]'''|| {{formatnum:3687}}|| {{formatnum:445591}}|| {{formatnum:1826}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||{{refn|name=Upper Mississippi|group=n|Mississippi River above Missouri River;}}<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU82|| '''[[Northern Dvina]]''' | || {{formatnum:3549}}|| {{formatnum:323573}} || {{formatnum:1800}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[White Sea]]||{{refn|name=Northern Dvina|group=n|Average discharge at Northern Dvina Delta, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Northern Dvina (main stem 670 km)–'''[[Vychegda]]''' (length 1,130 km, drainage area 119,888 km², 1,160 m³/s) → Total length 1,800 km;}}<ref name="About the Northern Dvina River">{{cite web|url=https://www.kotlas.org/kotlas/northern_dvina.php|title=About the Northern Dvina River|website=www.kotlas.org}}</ref><ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS83|| '''[[Godavari River|Godavari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3503}}|| {{formatnum:314829}}|| {{formatnum:1465}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/indian-peninsula?catid=274&Itemid=780|title=Indian Peninsula|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA84|| |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|'''Caura''']] || {{formatnum:3500}}|| {{formatnum:49530}}|| {{formatnum:723}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación">{{cite report|title=Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-07/010010813.pdf|author=Comisión del Plan Nacional de Aprovechcurriento de los Recursos Hidráulicos (COPLANARH)|publisher=Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)|location=Caracas|page=283}}</ref><ref name="Scientia Guaianae">{{cite report|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344149488|title=Scientia Guaianae|work=Ecología de la Cuenca del Río Caura, Venezuela I. Caracterización general|docket=A series on natural sciences of the Guayana region|last1=Judith|first1=Rosales|last2=Otto|first2=Huber|last3=Paul|first3=Berry|last4=Henry|first4=Briceño|last5=Elvira|first5=Cuevas|last6=Gonzalo|first6=Febres F.|last7=Horst|first7=Fölster|last8=Stefan|first8=Gorzula|last9=Stephen|first9=S. Tillett|last10=Stanford|first10=Zent|last11=Gustavo|first11=Romero|last12=Aldred|first12=Znick|publisher=Fundacite–Guayana, UNEG, Wildlife Conservation Society, Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela|location=Caracas, Puerto Ordaz (Venezuela)|number=6|volume=1|page=152|issn=0798-1120|isbn=980-6020-34-0|date=1996}}</ref><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF85 | |[[Benue River|'''Benue''']]|| {{formatnum:3477}}|| {{formatnum:338968}}|| {{formatnum:1440}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Niger River|Niger]]||<ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /><ref name="Niger" /><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA86 | |[[Trombetas River|'''Trombetas''']] || {{formatnum:3437}}|| {{formatnum:126973}}|| {{formatnum:764}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA87 | |[[Inírida River|'''Inírida''']] || {{formatnum:3385}}|| {{formatnum:53795}}|| {{formatnum:1300}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA88|| |'''Upper Columbia''' || {{formatnum:3364}}|| {{formatnum:292316}}|| {{formatnum:1439}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Columbia River|Columbia]]||{{refn|name=Upper Columbia|group=n|Columbia River above Snake River;}}<ref name="Columbia River" /><ref name="USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013)">{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage 12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC89 | |[[Strickland River|'''Strickland''']] || {{formatnum:3328}}|| {{formatnum:36740}}|| {{formatnum:824}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Fly River|Fly]]||<ref name="Annual Environmental Report 2017">{{cite report|url=https://png-data.sprep.org/system/files/2017-Porgera-AER-Final.pdf|title=Annual Environmental Report 2017|author=Porgera Joint Venture|publisher=PNG Data Portal, CSIRO|location=Mount Hagen, Western Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea), Kinawee (Australia)|website=www.png-data.sprep.org|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF90 | |[[Kwango River|'''Kwango''']] || {{formatnum:3317}}|| {{formatnum:270904}}|| {{formatnum:1702}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kasai River|Kasai]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS91 | |'''[[Ghaghara]]''' || {{formatnum:3278}}|| {{formatnum:131948}}|| {{formatnum:1167}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Ganges]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /><ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341">{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=Sharad K.|last2=Agarwal|first2=Pushpendra K.|last3=Singh|first3=Vijay P.|title=Hydrology and water resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA341|accessdate=26 April 2011|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|page=341}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA92|| |'''[[Paranaiba River|Paranaiba]]''' || {{formatnum:3216}}|| {{formatnum:223582}}|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS93|| '''[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]''' | || {{formatnum:3200}}|| {{formatnum:371417}} || {{formatnum:1636}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga Gulf]]||{{refn|name=Khatanga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth 101 km³/year (1984–2018); Source or headwater: Khatanga (main stem 227 km)–'''[[Kotuy River|Kotuy]]''' (length 1,409 km, drainage area 176,000 km², average discharge 1,282 m³/s) → Total length 1,636 km;}}<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge" /><ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS94|| |[[Subansiri River|'''Subansiri''']] || {{formatnum:3197}}|| {{formatnum:34833}}|| {{formatnum:518}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin">{{cite journal |journal=Climate |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/1/18 |title=Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin |last1=Wahid |first1=Shahriar |last2=Sagar |first2=Ratna Bajracharya |last3=Shrestha |first3=Arun Bhakta |last4=Hossain |first4=Md. Shahadat |last5=Mazumder |first5=Liton Chandra |last6=Mazumder |first6=Tarun Kanti |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=18 |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC95|| '''[[Pulau River|Eilanden]]''' | || {{formatnum:3133}}|| {{formatnum:37164}} || 679 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Arafura Sea]]||<ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study">{{cite web|url=https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/display/JCP/Final+Reports|title=Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study|last1=van Beek|first1=E.|last2=Bons|first2=K.|last3=Brinkman|first3=J.|date=2013}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS96|| |'''Upper Yenisei'''|| {{formatnum:3090}}|| {{formatnum:344000}}|| {{formatnum:1843}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||{{refn|name=Upper Yenisei|group=n|Yenisei River above Angara River; Source or headwater: Upper Yenisei (main stem 1,238 km)–'''[[Great Yenisei]]''' (length 605 km, drainage area 56,800 km², average discharge 599 m³/s);}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF97|| '''[[Nile]]''' | || {{formatnum:3075}}|| {{formatnum:3826122}} || {{formatnum:7088}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mediterranean Sea]]||{{refn|name=longest|group=n|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650 km, and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400 km. In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992 km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853 km.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins. The dispute is: "Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?" A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088 km for the Nile and 6,575 km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions. According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate. Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.}}{{refn|name=Nile|group=n|The average flow rate measured at the [[Atbara River]] estuary (at [[Atbara]], [[Sudan]]) the most abundant point of the Nile (3,075 m³/s, 1971–2000); Average discharge at [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] ([[Egypt]]) 2,800 m³/s, at [[Nile Delta]] 150 m³/s (2009–2018); The total topographic drainage basin of the Nile, including desert areas, is approximately 3,826,122 km² according to the GRDC; Source or headwater: Nile (main stem 2,950 km)–'''[[White Nile]]''' (main stem 2,300 km, drainage area 1,849,988 km², average discharge at [[Khartoum]] 897 m³/s)–'''[[Albert Nile]]''' (210 km, 428,830 km², 1,039 m³/s)–[[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]]–[[Lake Kyoga]]–'''[[Victoria Nile]]''' (423 km, 351,576 km², 906 m³/s) –[[Lake Victoria]] (Kagera inflow–Victoria Nile outflow 280 km)–'''[[Kagera River|Kagera]]''' (main stem 572 km, 58,579 km², 346 m³/s)–[[Lake Rweru]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]] (main stem 271 km, 15,868 km², 112 m³/s)–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]] (main stem 14 km, 1,269 km², 11 m³/s)–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]] (49 km, 518 km², 4.8 m³/s) → Total length 7,088 km – '''The longest river in the world''';}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Nile River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/nile?catid=186&Itemid=496|title=Nile River|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /><ref name="Water accounting in the Nile River Basin">{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment">{{cite report|url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-river-nile-evolution-and-environment-34na4lyy.pdf|title=The River Nile: Evolution and Environment|docket=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management|last1=Jamie|first1=C. Woodward|last2=Mark|first2=G. Macklin|last3=Michael|first3=D. Krom|last4=Martin|first4=A.J. Williams|publisher=The University of Manchaster|location=Manchaster (United Kingdom)|doi=10.1002/9781119412632.ch14|page=51|date=2023|website=scispace.com |isbn=978-1-119-41260-1 }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS98|| '''[[Musi River (Indonesia)|Musi]]''' | || {{formatnum:3066}}|| {{formatnum:59942}} || 759 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Sumatra">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/sumatra?catid=285&Itemid=780|title=Sumatra|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-08/010082415.pdf|last1=Delphine|first1=Dobler|last2=Elodie|first2=Martinez|last3=Rinny|first3=Rahmania|last4=Budhi Gunadharma|first4=Gautama|last5=A. Riza|first5=Farhan|title=Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling|publisher=Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Agence Française de Développement (AFD)|page=96|date=2021|isbn=979-10-699-7188-2|website=www.horizon.documentation.ird.fr}}</ref><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia">{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7|title=The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia|last1=Francisca|first1=Wit|last2=Tim|first2=Rixen|last3=Antje|first3=Baum|last4=Widodo|first4=S. Pranowo|last5=Andreas|first5=A. Hutahaean|journal=Scientific Reports |year=2018|volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=17403 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7 |doi-access=free|pmid=30479397 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817403W |pmc=6258705}}</ref><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia">{{cite journal|url=https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/17/2019/|doi=10.5194/bg-16-17-2019 |title=Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia |year=2019 |last1=Müller-Dum |first1=Denise |last2=Warneke |first2=Thorsten |last3=Rixen |first3=Tim |last4=Müller |first4=Moritz |last5=Baum |first5=Antje |last6=Christodoulou |first6=Aliki |last7=Oakes |first7=Joanne |last8=Eyre |first8=Bradley D. |last9=Notholt |first9=Justus |journal=Biogeosciences |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |bibcode=2019BGeo...16...17M |s2cid=203167471 |doi-access=free |hdl=1959.3/447242 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA99|| |[[Tigre River|'''Tigre''']] || {{formatnum:3047}}|| {{formatnum:45073}}|| {{formatnum:1087}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA100|| '''[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]''' | || {{formatnum:3037}}|| {{formatnum:638324}} || {{formatnum:3180}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atlantic Ocean]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco">{{cite web|url=https://brasildasaguas.com.br/educacional/regioes-hidrograficas/regiao-hidrografica-do-sao-francisco|title=Região Hidrográfica do São Francisco|website=brasildasaguas.com.br}}</ref><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA101|| |[[Iriri River|'''Iriri''']] || {{formatnum:3028}}|| {{formatnum:142079}}|| {{formatnum:1151}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Xingu River|Xingu]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS102 | |[[Min River (Sichuan)|'''Min''']] || {{formatnum:3022}}|| {{formatnum:135296}}|| {{formatnum:735}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years">{{cite journal|journal=Water and Clinate Change|title=Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years|last1=Hongjuan|first1=Zhai|last2=Meng|first2=Wang|last3=Dandan|first3=Shen|last4=Bo|first4=Hu|last5=Yajun|first5=Li|date=2022|volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=3675–3691|doi=10.2166/wcc.2022.218 |bibcode=2022JWCC...13.3675Z |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC103|| '''[[Purari River|Purari]]''' | || {{formatnum:3000}}|| {{formatnum:33773}}|| 902 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF000628|title=Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua|last1=Rudy|first1=Slingerland|last2=Neal W.|first2=Driscoll|last3=John D.|first3=Milliman|last4=Scott R.|first4=Miller|last5=Elizabeth A.|first5=Johnstone|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |date=2008|volume=113|issue=F1 |article-number=2006JF000628 |doi=10.1029/2006JF000628 |bibcode=2008JGRF..113.1S13S |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS104 | |[[Yamuna river|'''Yamuna''']] || {{formatnum:2948}}|| {{formatnum:366223}}|| {{formatnum:1376}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS105 | |[[Srepok River|'''Srepok''']] || {{formatnum:2940}}|| {{formatnum:79015}}|| {{formatnum:454}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mekong]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA106 | |'''Yarí'''|| {{formatnum:2933}}|| {{formatnum:37127}}|| {{formatnum:691}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caquetá River|Caquetá]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS107 | |[[Panjnad River|'''Panjnad''']] || {{formatnum:2910}}|| {{formatnum:395000}}|| {{formatnum:1571}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indus River|Indus]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU108 ||'''[[Rhine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2900}} ||{{formatnum:190522}} ||{{formatnum:1233}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[North Sea]] |{{refn|Total discharge at the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt Delta]] 101 km³/year; The total combined catchment area is 224,000 km². The Rhine with the [[Meuse|Maas]] River and the [[Ijssel]] delta branch;|name=Rhine|group=n}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Rhine">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Rhine |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/rhine?catid=230&Itemid=764|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001333/133303e.pdf Rhine case study]; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS109 | |[[Xiang River|'''Xiang''']]|| {{formatnum:2848}}|| {{formatnum:102148}}|| {{formatnum:948}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS110|| '''[[Batang Hari River|Batang Hari]]''' | || {{formatnum:2819}}|| {{formatnum:46504}}|| 800 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea ||<ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia" /><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari">{{cite report|url= https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_Pola%20PSDA_Wilayah%20Sungai%20Batanghari.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Batanghari|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA111 | |[[Guaporé River|'''Guaporé''']] || {{formatnum:2738}}|| {{formatnum:353028}}|| {{formatnum:1558}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS112|| '''[[Pyasina]]''' | || {{formatnum:2730}}|| {{formatnum:182000}} || {{formatnum:817}} || bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Kara Sea]]||<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project">{{cite web|url=https://www2.whoi.edu/site/aomip/data/river-runoff-forcing-data|title=River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project|website=www2.whoi.edu}}</ref><ref name="Siberian Basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA113 ||'''[[Cuyuni River|Cuyuni]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2719}} ||{{formatnum:85635}} ||{{formatnum:633}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{refn|name=Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin; Average discharge at near mouth 5,000 m³/s (154–178 km³/year), drainage area 158,407 km², length 1,014 km;}}{{refn|name=Cuyuni|group=n|Average discharge at [[Bartica]], period from 1996 to 2005;}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters">{{cite book |last1=Likens |first1=Gene E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AL6J8i9ZeDEC |title=Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-381997-0}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina">{{cite report|url=https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65a2050e-d7a1-4b62-a351-884dab1a4fc8/content|title=Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina|docket=Reunion regional preparatoria para America Latina y el Caribe Naciones Unidas sobre el agua|author=Consejo Económico y Social (CES)|publisher=Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)|location=Lima (Perú)|page=95|date=1976|website=repositorio.cepal.org}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic North Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=167&catid=329&Itemid=179#tab-4753|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins">{{cite report|title=Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins|url=https://www.waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report53-GlobalBlueWaterScarcity.pdf|last1=A.Y.|first1=Hoekstra|last2=M.M.|first2=Mekonnen|date=2011|work=Value of Water Research Report Series NO. 53|location=Delft (Netherlands)|publisher=UNESCO–IHE Institute for Water Education}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS114 | |[[Mali River|'''Mali Hka''']]|| {{formatnum:2693}}|| {{formatnum:23221}}|| {{formatnum:320}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA115 ||'''[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2678}} ||{{formatnum:77743}} ||{{formatnum:1052}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]||{{refn|name=Usumacinta|group=n|Average discharge above Grijalva, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Usumacinta (main stem 562 km)–'''[[Chixoy River|Chixoy]]''' (main stem 446 km, drainage area 13,161 km², average discharge 551 m³/s)–Pacaranat (44 km, 945 km², 31.5 m³/s);}}{{refn|name=Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin; Total length 1,123 km; Drainage area 127,676 km², average discharge 125–147 km³/year;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Grijalva–Usumacinta |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/grijalva-usumacinta?catid=248&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta">{{cite report|title=Flujo de carbono de un sistema lótico tropical mexicano. Caso de estudio: Cuenca del Río Usumacinta|url=https://www.agua.unam.mx/PremioTesis/assets/docs/TesisGanadoras/SoriaIsmael_FlujoCarbonoRioUsumacinta.pdf|last1=Ismael|first1=Fabián|last2=Soria|first2=Reinoso|last3=Dr. Javier|first3=Alcocer|last4=Dr. Felipe|first4=García-Oliva|last5=Dr. Luis|first5=Oseguera|last6=Dr. Alfonso|first6=Lugo|last7=Dr. Enrique|first7=Cantoral|last8=Dr. Salvador|first8=Sánchez Carrillo|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)|location=Ciudad de México (Mexico)|page=32|date=2020|website=agua.unam.mx}}</ref><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005">{{cite report|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/historicos/1334/702825160173/702825160173_1.pdf|title=Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI)|publisher=INEGI|page=99|issn=0188-8692|date=2006|website=inegi.org.mx}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA116||'''[[San Juan River (Colombia)|San Juan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2649}}|| {{formatnum:16465}} || 399 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region">{{cite report|url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v86n208/0012-7353-dyna-86-208-297.pdf|title=Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region|docket=DYNA|last1=Manuela|first1=Velásquez-Restrepo|last2=Germán|first2=Poveda|publisher=Facultad de Minas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia|location=Medellín (Colombia)|pages=297–306|issn=0012-7353|doi=10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73587|date=2019|website=scielo.org}}</ref><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF117|| '''[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross]]''' | || {{formatnum:2647}}|| {{formatnum:52257}}|| 489 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Biafra]]||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU118|| '''[[Neva]]''' | || {{formatnum:2646}}|| {{formatnum:287094}} || {{formatnum:1063}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gulf of Finland]]||{{refn|name=Neva|group=n|Average discharge at [[Saint Petersburg]], 1979–2015; Source or headwater: Neva (main stem 74 km)–[[Lake Ladoga]]–'''[[Volkhov River|Volkhov]]''' (main stem 224 km, drainage area 79,500 km², average discharge 593 m³/s)–[[Lake Ilmen]]–[[Msta]] (main stem 445 km, 23,231 km², 209 m³/s)–[[Lake Mstino]]–[[Tsna (Tver Oblast)|Tsna]] (160 km, 4,518 km², 38 m³/s) → Total length 1,063 km;}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="Neva River and Neva Bay''">{{cite book|author=Nezhihovsky, R. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ8LHQAACAAJ|title=Neva River and Neva Bay|publisher=Gidrometeoizdat|date=1981}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS119|| |[[Songhua River|'''Songhua''']] || {{formatnum:2591}}|| {{formatnum:557180}}|| {{formatnum:1927}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Amur]]||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/heilong-jiang-amur?catid=213&Itemid=0|title=Heilong Jiang (Amur)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA120 || |[[Urubamba River|'''Urubamba''']] || {{formatnum:2579}}|| {{formatnum:59071}}|| {{formatnum:915}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC121 ||'''[[Digul]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2578}} ||{{formatnum:29175}} ||853 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Arafura Sea ||{{refn|name=Entire Digul–Mappi Basin|group=n|Drainage area 46,947 km², average discharge at Digul Delta 3,028 m³/s;}}<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2021_RPSDA%20WS%20Einladen%E2%80%93Digul%E2%80%93Bikuma.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Einladen–Digul–Bikuma|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2021}}</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papua-new-guinea?catid=277&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA122|| |[[Casiquiare canal|'''Casiquiare''']]|| {{formatnum:2574}}|| {{formatnum:82800}}|| {{formatnum:731}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF123 | |[[Sangha River|'''Sangha''']]|| {{formatnum:2570}}|| {{formatnum:191953}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /><ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="The water resource in tropical Africa and its exploitation" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA124 | |[[Apure River|'''Apure''']]|| {{formatnum:2544}}|| {{formatnum:116713}}|| {{formatnum:1038}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS125 | |[[Kosi River|'''Kosi''']] || {{formatnum:2500}}|| {{formatnum:88185}}|| {{formatnum:729}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS131|| '''[[Kayan River|Kayan]]''' | || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:33005}}|| 576 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" | [[Celebes Sea]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Hanergy 2013">{{Citation|last=Hanergy Holding Group|title=Indonesia East Kalimantan Kayan River Basin Hydropower and Aluminum smelting Project|url=https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|date=March 2013|type=Slide deck|mode=cs1|via=Scribd|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924131157/https://www.scribd.com/presentation/323552343|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Floating marine debris along Indonesian coasts – An atlas of strandings based on Lagrangian modelling" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS126|| |[[Dhanu River|'''Ghorautra''']] || {{formatnum:2463}}|| {{formatnum:24060}}|| {{formatnum:339}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Meghna River|Upper Meghna]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA127 | |[[Pastaza River|'''Pastaza''']]|| {{formatnum:2438}}|| {{formatnum:41793}}|| {{formatnum:787}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /><ref name="Análisis de la Evaluación Ambiental Preliminar de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lorena – Río Marañón"/><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón–Informe Final (Volume I)" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA128 | |[[Liard River|'''Liard''']] || {{formatnum:2434}}|| {{formatnum:277100}}|| {{formatnum:1215}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]||<ref name="Mackenzie" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA129 | |[[Ituí River|'''Ituí''']] || {{formatnum:2422}}|| {{formatnum:43035}}|| {{formatnum:796}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Javary River|Javary]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA130 | |[[Paragua River|'''Paragua''']] || {{formatnum:2389}}|| {{formatnum:39605}}|| {{formatnum:550}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caroní River|Caroní]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA131 ||'''[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:2369}} ||{{formatnum:68788}} ||{{formatnum:936}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||{{r|group=n|Entire Essequibo–Cuyuni Basin}}{{refn|name=Essequibo|group=n|Essequibo above Cuyuni at [[Bartica]]; Average discharge 2,369 m³/s (1971–2000);}}<ref name="Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters" /><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS132|| |[[Jialing River|'''Jialing''']]|| {{formatnum:2368}}|| {{formatnum:159180}}|| {{formatnum:1345}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA133 | |[[Cauca River|'''Cauca''']] || {{formatnum:2364}}|| {{formatnum:59840}}|| {{formatnum:1180}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2022" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/><ref name="Magdalena–Cauca"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA134 | |[[Red River of the South|'''Red River''']]|| {{formatnum:2349}}|| {{formatnum:241388}}|| {{formatnum:2189}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/arkansas-white-red?catid=2&Itemid=179|title=Arkansas White Red|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA135||'''[[Jacuí River|Jacuí]]''' | || {{formatnum:2327}}|| {{formatnum:82618}} || 800 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lagoa dos Patos]]||<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Atlantic East Coastal">{{cite web|title=Atlantic East Coastal|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/SOUTH_AMERICA/ATLANTIC%20EAST%20COAST_COASTAL/index.html|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA136 | |[[Içana River|'''Içana''']] || {{formatnum:2279}}|| {{formatnum:35516}}|| {{formatnum:689}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA137 | |[[Anapu River|'''Anapu''']] || {{formatnum:2272}}|| {{formatnum:52495}} || {{formatnum:470}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Furo do Tajapuru]] ||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF138 | |[[Fimi River|'''Fimi''']]|| {{formatnum:2253}}|| {{formatnum:136175}}|| {{formatnum:1395}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||{{refn|name=Fimi|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Fimi (main stem 190 km)–'''[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]''' (length 1,205 km, drainage area 69,259 km², average discharge 1,077 m³/s) → Total length 1,395 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF139|| '''[[Sanaga River|Sanaga]]''' | || {{formatnum:2223}}|| {{formatnum:134252}} || {{formatnum:1067}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Bight of Biafra ||<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS140|| '''[[Amu Darya]]''' | || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:798035}}|| {{formatnum:2620}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Aral Sea]] ||{{refn|name=Amu Darya|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point, above the outlet of the [[Karakum Canal]]; Source or headwater: Amu Darya (main stem 1,699 km)–'''[[Panj (river)|Panj]]''' (length 921 km, drainage area 116,799 km², average discharge 1,075 m³/s) → Total length 2,620 km;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia">{{cite journal|journal=Ecological Indicators|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111419|title=Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia|last1=Rashid|first1=Mahmood|last2=Shaofeng|first2=Jia|last3=Aifeng|first3=Lv|last4=Shahid|first4=Naeem|volume=178|year=2024|article-number=111419 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024EcInd.15811419M }}</ref><ref name="Amu-Darya - Chatly">{{cite web|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2917100.html|title=Amu-Darya - Chatly|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin">{{cite web|url= https://www.cawater-info.net/yearbook/2022/02_yearbook2022_en.htm|title=Section 2. Water-related situation in the Aral Sea basin|website=www.cawater-info.net}}</ref><ref name="Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia">{{cite report|url=https://unece.org/DAM/env/water/publications/assessment/English/G_PartIV_Chapter3_En.pdf|title=Drainage basin of the Aral Sea and other transboundary waters in Central Asia|docket=Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters|author=UNECE|others=Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID–Geneva), International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), Zoï Environment Network (Zoï)|publisher=United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE)|location=New York (United States), Geneva (Italy), Genf (Switzerland)|date=2011|website=unece.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF141|| |[[Aruwimi River|'''Aruwimi''']] || {{formatnum:2200}}|| {{formatnum:121163}}|| {{formatnum:1287}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS142|| '''[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]''' | || {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:191000}} || {{formatnum:1146}} || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Anadyr]]||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="water">[http://water-rf.ru/Водные_объекты/842/Анадырь «Вода России» – Анадырь]</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA143|| |[[Ventuari River|'''Ventuari''']]|| {{formatnum:2160}}|| {{formatnum:40861}}|| {{formatnum:520}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA144 | |[[Curaray River|'''Curaray''']]|| {{formatnum:2155}}|| {{formatnum:26775}}|| {{formatnum:1011}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Napo River|Napo]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS145|| '''[[Krishna River|Krishna]]''' | || {{formatnum:2145}}|| {{formatnum:274596}} || {{formatnum:1300}} || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /><ref name="A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India">{{cite journal|journal=Current Science|url=https://www.academia.edu/65907676|title=A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India|last1=C. Prakash|first1=Babu|volume=118|doi=10.18520/cs/v118/i3/455-461|date=2020|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA146|| |[[Tennessee River|'''Tennessee''']] || {{formatnum:2140}}|| {{formatnum:105870}}|| {{formatnum:1049}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Tennessee">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tennessee?catid=320&Itemid=179|title=Tennessee|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS147 | |[[Lohit River|'''Lohit''']] || {{formatnum:2138}}|| {{formatnum:29330}}|| {{formatnum:560}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA148 | |[[Tapauá River|'''Tapauá''']] || {{formatnum:2135}}|| {{formatnum:63185}}|| {{formatnum:745}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Purus River|Purus]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS149|| '''[[Mahanadi]]''' | || {{formatnum:2125}}|| {{formatnum:145260}} || 851 || bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal ||<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA150||'''[[Mobile River|Mobile]]'''–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' | || {{formatnum:2118}}|| {{formatnum:124158}} || {{formatnum:1263}} || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico ||{{refn|name=Mobile|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Mobile (main stem 72 km)–'''[[Alabama River|Alabama]]''' (main stem 512 km, drainage area 59,104 km², average discharge 1,023 m³/s)–'''[[Coosa River|Coosa]]''' (main stem 450 km, 26,364 km², 479 m³/s)–[[Oostanaula River|Oostanaula]] (main stem 79 km, 5,603 km², 117 m³/s)–[[Conasauga River|Conasauga]] (150 km, 1,880 km², 41 m³/s) → Total length 1,263 km;}}<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="South Atlantic Gulf">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/south-atlantic-gulf?catid=314&Itemid=563|title=South Atlantic Gulf|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS151|| |'''[[Olyokma]]'''|| {{formatnum:2110}}|| {{formatnum:209378}}|| {{formatnum:1436}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS152 | |[[Yuan River|'''Yuan''']]|| {{formatnum:2106}}|| {{formatnum:93287}}|| {{formatnum:864}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Dongting Lake]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA153 | |[[Ji-Paraná River|'''Ji-Paraná''']] || {{formatnum:2100}}|| {{formatnum:76127}}|| {{formatnum:820}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.coc.ufrj.br/es/documents2/doutorado/2006-2/860-alfredo-ribeiro-neto-doutorado/file&ved=2ahUKEwj9k6rv5or9AhX_AxAIHbTFB7EQFnoECAkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw263SiaNJvrXCQt8VjBOQzr|title=SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA|first1=Carlos|last1=Vieira da Silva|first2=Carlos Eduardo|last2=Morelli Tucci|first3=José|last3=Almir Cirilo|first4=Luciene|last4=Pimentel da Silva|first5=Otto|last5=Corrêa Roturno Filho|first6=Benoit|last6=Le Guennec|date=2006}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF154 | |[[Lomami River|'''Lomami''']] || {{formatnum:2062}}|| {{formatnum:109080}}|| {{formatnum:1946}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF155 | |[[Lulonga River|'''Lulonga''']] || {{formatnum:2040}}|| {{formatnum:82952}}|| {{formatnum:926}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||{{refn|name=Lulonga|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Lulonga (main stem 200 km)–'''[[Maringa River|Maringa]]''' (length 726 km, drainage area 32,799 km², average discharge 972 m³/s) → Total length 926 km;}}<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS156 | |[[Gandaki River|'''Gandak''']] || {{formatnum:2025}}|| {{formatnum:46300}}|| {{formatnum:814}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA157||'''[[Maroni (river)|Maroni]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:66184}}|| 725 || bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean ||<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System">{{cite web |url=https://wsag.unh.edu/Tools/html/RGISMain.html |title=Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System |website=wsag.unh.edu}}</ref><ref name="Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam">{{cite report|title=Frontière, frontières: la région du Maroni, entre la Guyane et le Surinam|last=André|first=Calmont|publisher=Espaces tropicaux|date=2008|page=205-219|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/etrop_1147-3991_2008_act_19_10_1274}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC158|| '''[[Kikori River|Kikori]]''' | || {{formatnum:2000}}|| {{formatnum:18863}}|| 445 || bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua ||<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA159|| |[[Pachitea River|'''Pachitea''']] || {{formatnum:1992}}|| {{formatnum:28648}}|| 587|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Perú: Anuario de Estadistícas Ambientales 2022"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS160 ||'''[[Yellow River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1990}} ||{{formatnum:988063}} ||{{formatnum:5778}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bohai Sea]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC161|| |[[Tariku River|'''Tariku''']]|| {{formatnum:1953}}|| {{formatnum:24664}}|| 488|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Mamberamo River|Mamberamo]]||<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA162 | |[[Ottawa River|'''Ottawa''']]|| {{formatnum:1949}}|| {{formatnum:147406}}|| {{formatnum:1271}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[St. Lawrence River]]||<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS163 | |[[Podkamennaya Tunguska|'''Stony Tunguska''']]|| {{formatnum:1945}}|| {{formatnum:249000}}|| {{formatnum:1865}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Yenisei ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF164 ||'''[[Cuanza River|Cuanza]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1944}} ||{{formatnum:163832}} ||960 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=South West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS165 ||'''[[Indigirka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1933}} ||{{formatnum:360400}} ||{{formatnum:1726}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[East Siberian Sea]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA166 ||'''[[Churchill River (Atlantic)|Churchill]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1931}} ||{{formatnum:93119}} ||856 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Labrador Sea]] |<ref name="North Atlantic Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Atlantic Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-atlantic-seaboard?catid=311&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA167|| |[[Caguán River|'''Caguán''']] || {{formatnum:1929}}|| {{formatnum:21276}}|| 596|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caquetá ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS168 | |[[Yalong River|'''Yalong''']]|| {{formatnum:1914}}|| {{formatnum:128444}}|| {{formatnum:1323}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU169 ||'''[[Rhône]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1900}} ||{{formatnum:99298}} ||812 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mediterranean Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA170 ||'''[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1897}} ||{{formatnum:124319}} ||{{formatnum:1130}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Bering Sea]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA171 ||'''[[Saguenay River|Saguenay]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1894}} ||{{formatnum:87635}} ||{{formatnum:698}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Estuary of St. Lawrence]] |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS172 ||'''[[Min River (Fujian)|Min]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1870}} ||{{formatnum:60040}} ||577 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Taiwan Strait]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS173 | |[[Kopili River|'''Kopili''']]|| {{formatnum:1847}}|| {{formatnum:20068}}|| 341|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS174 ||'''[[Baram River|Baram]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1845}} ||{{formatnum:22325}} ||635 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology">{{cite report|url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/10312080_02.pdf|title=National water resources study, Malaysia: Phase II – Sectoral Report on meteorology and hydrology|docket=Part 2 – Sabah and Sarawak|author=((The Government of Malaysia, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) )) |publisher=Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)|page=116|date=1982}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA175|| |[[Iguazu River|'''Iguaçu''']]|| {{formatnum:1836}}|| {{formatnum:67537}}|| {{formatnum:1320}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS176 | |'''Upper Lena''' || {{formatnum:1811}}|| {{formatnum:200700}}|| {{formatnum:1686}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||{{refn|name=Upper Lena|group=n|Lena River above Vitim River;}}<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS177 | |[[Zeya (river)|'''Zeya''']] || {{formatnum:1807}}|| {{formatnum:232077}}|| {{formatnum:1242}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA178 ||'''[[Copper River (Alaska)|Copper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1794}} ||{{formatnum:67204}} ||480 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Alaska]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA179|| |[[Uatumã River|'''Uatumã''']] || {{formatnum:1790}}|| {{formatnum:68477}}|| 701|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA180 ||'''[[Courantyne River|Courantyne]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1780}} ||{{formatnum:67877}} ||725 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Courantyne Delta">{{cite web|url=https://sharkrayareas.org/wp-content/uploads/isra-factsheets/5SouthAmericanAtlantic/Courantyne-Delta-5SouthAmericanAtlantic.pdf|title=Courantyne Delta|website=sharkrayareas.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS181 ||'''[[Great Tenasserim River|Great Tenasserim]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1778}} ||{{formatnum:19637}} ||616 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Andaman Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA182 ||'''[[Skeena River|Skeena]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1770}} ||{{formatnum:54432}} ||570 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Hecate Strait]] |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Pacific Ocean Seaboard |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/pacific-ocean-seaboard?catid=312&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS183 ||'''[[Taz (river)|Taz]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1755}} ||{{formatnum:152086}} ||{{formatnum:1401}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS184 | '''Cagayan'''|| ||{{formatnum:1740}} ||{{formatnum:27753}} ||505 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF185|| |[[Sankuru River|'''Sankuru''']]|| {{formatnum:1738}}|| {{formatnum:149480}}|| {{formatnum:1285}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Kasai ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU186 | |'''[[Sava]]'''|| {{formatnum:1722}}|| {{formatnum:97713}}|| 992|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Danube]]||<ref name="Danube Flood Risk Management Plan">{{cite report|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/danube_flood_risk_managament_plan_-_update_2021_low_resolution.pdf|title=Danube Flood Risk Management Plan|author=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|publisher=International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)|location=Vienna (Austria)|page=174|isbn=978-3-200-08289-2|date=2021|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="The Sava River Basin Analysis Report">{{cite report|url=https://www.savacommission.org/UserDocsImages/05_documents_publications/water_management/eng/SavaRBMPlan//sava_river_basin_analysis_report_high_res.pdf|title=The Sava River Basin Analysis Report|author=International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC)|publisher=ISRBC|location=Zagreb (Croatia)|page=289|date=2009|website=www.savacommission.org }}</ref><ref name="Sava Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/sava-basin|title=Sava Basin|website=www.icpdr.org}}</ref><ref name="Danube" /><ref name="Drainage basin of the Black Sea"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA187 | |[[Roosevelt River|'''Roosevelt''']]|| {{formatnum:1711}}|| {{formatnum:59844}}|| 705|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS188 ||'''[[Kaladan River|Kaladan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1704}} ||{{formatnum:22611}} ||744 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |{{refn|name=Kaladan|group=n|Kaladan with [[Lemro River|Lemro]] and [[Mayu (river)|Mayu]] at Kaladan Delta: drainage area 40,000 km², average discharge 3,476 m³/s;}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Bay of Bengal–West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/bay-of-bengale-west-coast?catid=271&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="Environment management of a river in Myanmar">{{cite report|url=http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/13775|title=Environment management of a river in Myanmar|docket=Master of Technology, Conservation of Rivers and Lakes|last1=Kyaw|first1=Naing Oo|last2=Sunil|first2=Kumar Singal|publisher=Alternative Hydro Energy Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|location=Roorkee (India)|page=229|date=2012|website=www.shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU189 ||'''[[Dnieper]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1700}} ||{{formatnum:531817}} ||{{formatnum:2201}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Black Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/north-black-sea-coast?catid=297&Itemid=550 |title=North Black Sea Coast|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS190|| |[[Wu River (Yangtze tributary)|'''Wu''']]|| {{formatnum:1698}}|| {{formatnum:86799}}|| {{formatnum:1150}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS191 | |'''[[Vilyuy]]'''|| {{formatnum:1683}}|| {{formatnum:454000}}|| {{formatnum:2650}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Lena ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA192 | |[[Igapó-Açu River|'''Igapó-Açu''']]|| {{formatnum:1677}}|| {{formatnum:45792}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA193 | |[[Jamanxim River|'''Jamanxim''']]|| {{formatnum:1673}}|| {{formatnum:58001}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Tapajós ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA194 ||'''[[Stikine River|Stikine]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1670}} ||{{formatnum:51316}} ||546 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Pacific Ocean Seaboard" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS195|| |[[Dadu River|'''Dadu''']]|| {{formatnum:1670}}|| {{formatnum:90182}}|| {{formatnum:1076}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]||<ref name="Analysis of runoff variation and driving factors in the Minjiang River Basin over the last 60 years" /><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS196 | |[[Manas River|'''Manas''']] || {{formatnum:1667}}|| {{formatnum:41350}}|| 400|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the Brahmaputra River Basin"/><ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS197 | |[[Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)|'''Han''']]|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:165306}}|| {{formatnum:1577}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS198 | |'''[[Tonlé Sap]]'''|| {{formatnum:1640}}|| {{formatnum:88254}}|| 147|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS199 | |[[Chenab River|'''Chenab''']] || {{formatnum:1637}}|| {{formatnum:175877}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Panjnad River|Panjnad]]||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS200 ||'''[[Đồng Nai River|Dông Nai]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1635}} ||{{formatnum:46858}} ||586 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Viet Nam Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Viet Nam Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/viet-nam-coast?catid=288&Itemid=780|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF201|| |'''[[Blue Nile]]'''|| {{formatnum:1632}}|| {{formatnum:314458}}|| {{formatnum:1674}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Nile]]||<ref name="Nile River" /><ref name="The River Nile: Evolution and Environment" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF202 | |'''[[Lowa (Kivu/Maniema)|Lowa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1625}}|| {{formatnum:52087}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS203 | |'''[[Ussuri]]'''|| {{formatnum:1620}}|| {{formatnum:195047}}|| 897|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Amur ||<ref name="Heilong Jiang (Amur)" /><ref name="Amur–Heilong River Basin Reader" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA204 ||'''[[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan del Norte]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1614}}||{{formatnum:41659}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea ||{{refn|name=San Juan del Norte|group=n|Average discharge at near mouth, 1979–2015; Source or headwater: San Juan del Norte (main stem 209 km)–[[Lake Nicaragua]] (Tipitapa inflow–San Juan del Norte outflow 177 km)–[[Tipitapa River|Tipitapa]] (main stem 34 km, drainage area 6,739 km², average discharge 95 m³/s)–[[Lake Managua]] (Río Grande inflow–Tipitapi outflow 50 km)–Río Grande (145 km, 1,730 km², 16.5 m³/s)–San Rafael del Norte (19 km)–Quebrada La Breiera (7 km) → Total 641 km;}}<ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /><ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA205 ||'''[[Guayas River|Guayas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1606}} ||{{formatnum:37084}} ||689 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Guayaquil]] |<ref name="Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil">{{cite report|url=https://www.guayaquil.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/Documentos/Dragado/3)%20DRAGADO%20FULL%20CANAL%20ACCESO%20GYE%202012/Capitulo7%20CONDICIONESHIDRODINAMICASCANALACCESO/Capitulo7.pdf|title=Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil|docket=Fase II – Capitulo 7|author=Autoridad Portuaria de Guayaquil|publisher=Geoestudios, Consulsua|location=Guayaquil (Ecuador)|page=103|date=2012|website=guayaquil.gob.ec}}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA206 ||'''[[Araguari River (Amapá)|Araguari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1604}} ||{{formatnum:43265}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS207|| |[[Yu River (Guangxi)|'''Yu''']]|| {{formatnum:1604}}|| {{formatnum:89677}}|| {{formatnum:1152}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Xun River|Xun]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/zhujiang-xi-jiang-pearl-river?catid=374&Itemid=0|title=Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA208 ||'''[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1600}} ||{{formatnum:94311}} ||588 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Ungava Bay]] |{{refn|name=Koksoak|group=n|Average water flow after diversions (see→[[James Bay Project]]; Source or headwater: Koksoak (main stem 137 km)–'''[[Caniapiscau River|Caniapiscau]]''' (length 737 km, drainage area 48,959 km², average discharge 882 m³/s) → Total length 874 km;}}<ref name="Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux: exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada" /><ref name="East Hudson Bay" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA209|| |[[Tarauacá River|'''Tarauaçá''']] || {{formatnum:1573}}|| {{formatnum:54879}}|| 906|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Juruá ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS210 ||'''[[Kampar River|Kampar]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1570}} ||{{formatnum:24548}} ||580 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Strait of Malacca]] ||<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia">{{cite web |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/632681956/048026184e4466e2f517e3c5106989c9-pdf |title=Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia}}</ref><ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2015_Pola%20PSDA%20Kampar.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Kampar|website=www.sda.pu.go.id|date=2015}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU211 ||'''[[Po (river)|Po]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1560}} ||{{formatnum:71057}} ||652 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Adriatic Sea]] ||<ref name="Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy)">{{cite journal |last1=Anna |first1=Gavioli |last2=Giuseppe |first2=Castaldelli |last3=Stefania |first3=Trasforini |last4=Cesare |first4=Puzzi |last5=Maria |first5=Pia Gervasio |last6=Tommaso |first6=Granata |last7=Daniela |first7=Colombo |last8=Elisa |first8=Soana |date=2024 |title=Global Warming and Fish Diversity Changes in the Po River (Northern Italy) |journal=Environments |volume=11|issue=10 |page=226 |doi=10.3390/environments11100226 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Envi...11..226G }}</ref><ref name="The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios">{{cite journal |last1=Mauro |first1=Marini |last2=Federica |first2=Grilli |date=2023 |title=The Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea: History and Future Scenarios |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373155319 |journal=Applied Sciences |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=9267 |doi=10.3390/app13169267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA212|| |[[Dos Marmelos River|'''Dos Marmelos''']]|| {{formatnum:1557}}|| {{formatnum:27572}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS213 | |[[Bei River|'''Bei''']]|| {{formatnum:1543}}|| {{formatnum:47249}}|| 633|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Pearl River]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA214 ||'''[[Guamá River|Guamá]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1542}} ||{{formatnum:49846}} ||{{formatnum:903}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Guajará Bay]] |{{refn|name=Guamá|group=n|Average dischsrge at near mouth, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Guamá (main stem 83 km)–'''[[Capim River|Capim]]''' (main stem 639 km, drainage area 36,669 km², average discharge 777 m³/s)–[[Ararandeua River|Ararandeua]] (181 km, 10,834 km², 194 m³/s) → Total length 903 km;}}{{refn|name=Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin|group=n|Entire Guamá–Acará–Moju Basin; Drainage area 87,390 km², average discharge 2,730 m³/s (period 1971 to 2006);}}<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS215 ||'''[[Sittaung River|Sittaung]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1540}} ||{{formatnum:34265}} ||421 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Martaban]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA216|| |[[Paute River|'''Santiago''']]|| {{formatnum:1533}}|| {{formatnum:33098}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS217 ||'''[[Tigris]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1527}} ||{{formatnum:221327}} ||{{formatnum:1862}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Shatt al-Arab]] ||{{refn|name=Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin|group=n|Average discharge at Shatt al-Arab Delta 105.7 km³/year (1977–2018); Tigris–Euphrates drainage area 1,140,000 km²;}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Tigris–Euphrates |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/tigris-euphrates?catid=359&Itemid=689|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|page=360-375|date=2019|issue=4 |article-number=106049 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU218|| |[[Usa (Pechora)|'''Usa''']] || {{formatnum:1514}}|| {{formatnum:91135}}|| 565|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Pechora||<ref name="Northern Europe" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS219 ||'''[[Karnaphuli]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1510}} ||{{formatnum:13965}} ||270 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Bay of Bengal |<ref name="Bay of Bengal–West Coast" /><ref name="Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh">{{cite report|url=https://www.academia.edu/127653621 |title=Assessing the Viability of Hydroelectric Power in Bangladesh|last=Arghya|first=Protik Chowdhury|publisher=Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)|page=17|date=2025|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA220|| |[[Vichada River|'''Vichada''']]|| {{formatnum:1502}}|| {{formatnum:27624}}|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA221 | |[[Unini River|'''Unini''']]|| {{formatnum:1501}}|| {{formatnum:27433}}|| 530|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA222 ||'''[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1485}} ||{{formatnum:56895}} ||{{formatnum:759}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] |{{refn|Length: Grijalva–Mezcalapa–[[Cuilco River|Cuilco]] 759 km; Average discharge, 1971–2000;|name=Grijalva|group=n}}{{r|group=n|Entire Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="Grijalva–Usumacinta" /><ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS223|| |[[Liu River|'''Liu''']]|| {{formatnum:1472}}|| {{formatnum:58270}}|| 571|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Qian River|Qian]]||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA224 ||'''[[Papaloapan River|Papaloapan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1461}} ||{{formatnum:39885}} ||{{formatnum:354}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" | Gulf of Mexico ||<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /><ref name="Papaloapan–Jamapa">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Papaloapan–Jamapa |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/papaloapan-jamapa?catid=255&Itemid=730|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA225 ||'''[[Patía River|Patía]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1453}} ||{{formatnum:23995}} ||430 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA226|| |[[Arkansas River|'''Arkansas''']]|| {{formatnum:1448}}|| {{formatnum:409027}}|| {{formatnum:2364}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA227 ||'''[[Susitna River|Susitna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1442}} ||{{formatnum:49470}} ||504 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Cook Inlet]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA228 ||'''[[Moose River (Ontario)|Moose]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1440}} ||{{formatnum:114729}} ||543 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[James Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC229 ||'''[[Bamu River|Bamu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1437}} ||{{formatnum:19346}} ||390 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Gulf of Papua |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS230 ||'''[[Qiantang River|Qiantang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1436}} ||{{formatnum:54349}} ||494 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |East China Sea |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="China Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Chine Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/china-coast?catid=225&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA231||'''[[Albany River|Albany]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1420}} ||{{formatnum:132800}} ||832 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS232|| |[[Black River (Asia)|'''Black River''']]|| {{formatnum:1419}}|| {{formatnum:57947}}|| 910|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]]||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS233 | '''[[Mendawai River|Katingan]]''' | | {{formatnum:1414}} | {{formatnum:19559}} | 616 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Java Sea]] |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work">{{cite report|url=https://archive.iwlearn.net/globalmercuryproject.org/documents/non_country%20specific/Sat%20Imagery%20AGL%20Final%20Report.pdf|date=2007|last1=Kevin|first1=Telmer|last2=Daniel|first2=Stapper|publisher=University of Victoria|title=Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF234 ||'''[[Betsiboka River|Betsiboka]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1407}} ||{{formatnum:61893}} ||531 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Madagascar |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/madagascar?catid=322&Itemid=0|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA235|| |[[Mazaruni River|'''Mazaruni''']]|| {{formatnum:1399}}|| {{formatnum:31705}}|| 560|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Cuyuní River|Cuyuní]]||<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA236 | |[[Jamari River|'''Jamari''']]|| {{formatnum:1391}}|| {{formatnum:39977}}|| 478|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madeira ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Conhecimento técnico e a regulação ambiental na Amazônia: a utilização da Bacia hidrografia nos EIA/RIMA das UHE do Rio Madeira e de Belo Monte" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA237 | |[[Coari River|'''Coari''']]|| {{formatnum:1389}}|| {{formatnum:35588}}|| 599|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA238 ||'''[[Thelon River|Thelon]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1370}} ||{{formatnum:238839}} ||904 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Chesterfield Inlet]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA239|| |[[Demini River|'''Demini''']]|| {{formatnum:1358}}|| {{formatnum:39770}}|| 618|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS240 ||'''[[Narmada River|Narmada]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1350}} ||{{formatnum:95818}} ||{{formatnum:1289}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gulf of Khambhat]] |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS241 ||'''[[Indragiri River|Indragiri]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1339}} ||{{formatnum:22758}} ||500 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA242|| |'''[[Jauaperi River|Jauaperi]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:39824}}|| 592|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS243 | |'''[[Dibang River|Dibang]]'''|| {{formatnum:1337}}|| {{formatnum:12503}}|| 324|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Brahmaputra ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA244 | |[[Arinos River|'''Arinos''']] || {{formatnum:1332}}|| {{formatnum:58734}}|| 654|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Juruena River|Juruena]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano estratégico de recursos hídricos dos afluentes da margem direita do rio Amazonas" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU245 | |[[Oka (river)|'''Oka''']]|| {{formatnum:1327}}|| {{formatnum:244308}}|| {{formatnum:1520}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |Volga ||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS246 | |[[Huai River|'''Huai''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:172079}}|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Yangtze ||<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF247 | |[[Mbomou River|'''Mbomou''']]|| {{formatnum:1317}}|| {{formatnum:168608}}|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF248 ||'''[[Tsiribihina River|Tsiribihina]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1316}} ||{{formatnum:49467}} ||430 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA249|| |[[Inambari River|'''Inambari''']]|| {{formatnum:1316}}|| {{formatnum:20160}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS250 | |[[Pranahita River|'''Pranahita''']]|| {{formatnum:1301}}|| {{formatnum:108513}}|| 682|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Godavari River|Godavari]]||<ref name="Indian Peninsula" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA251 | |[[Badajós River|'''Badajós''']] || {{formatnum:1300}}|| {{formatnum:21575}}|| 413|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS252 ||'''[[Pahang River|Pahang]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1299}} ||{{formatnum:33924}} ||489 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |South China Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS253|| |'''[[Uchur]]'''|| {{formatnum:1293}}|| {{formatnum:113000}}|| 812|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF254 ||'''[[Volta River|Volta]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1290}} ||{{formatnum:412735}} ||{{formatnum:1600}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=North Africa - West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA255 | |[[Takutu River|'''Takutu''']]|| {{formatnum:1280}}|| {{formatnum:42528}}|| 371|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Branco River|Rio Branco]]||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Inserção do rio Rranco nas áreas úmidas da Amazônia, estado de Roraima, Amazônia setentrional"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS256 ||'''[[Sesayap River|Sesayap]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1275}} ||{{formatnum:18158}} ||279 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Celebes Sea |<ref name="Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap">{{cite report|url=https://sda.pu.go.id/assets/uploads/files/2022_Rencana%20PSDA%20WS%20Sesayap.pdf|title=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Sesayap|date=2022|website=www.sda.pu.go.id}}</ref><ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA257 ||'''[[Oyapock]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1273}} ||{{formatnum:30869}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Atlantic North Coast" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA258 | |[[Tanana River|'''Tanana''']] || {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:113959}}|| {{formatnum:1061}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Yukon River|Yukon]]||<ref name="Yukon" /><ref name="Environmental and Hydrologic Overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA259|| |[[Ituxi River|'''Ituxi''']]|| {{formatnum:1263}}|| {{formatnum:43676}}|| 878|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Purus ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Amazonas – PERH/AM" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS260 | |[[Sone River|'''Son''']]|| {{formatnum:1245}}|| {{formatnum:70228}}|| 784|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Ganges ||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS261 | |[[Kabul River|'''Kabul''']]|| {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:92572}}|| 700|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Indus ||<ref name="Indus" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS262 | |[[Melawi River|'''Melawi''']] || {{formatnum:1243}}|| {{formatnum:22586}}|| 471|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]||<ref name="Kalimantan–Borneo" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA263 ||'''[[Doce River|Doce]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1241}} ||{{formatnum:90357}} ||977 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA264|| |[[Tambopata River|'''Tambopata''']]|| {{formatnum:1241}}|| {{formatnum:15540}}|| 390|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Madre de Dios ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Balance Hidrico Superficial de Bolivia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA265 | |'''[[Siapa River|Siapa]]'''|| {{formatnum:1238}}|| {{formatnum:22170}}|| 438|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Casiquiare canal|Casiquiare]]||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF266 | |[[Kwilu River|'''Kwilu''']]|| {{formatnum:1229}}|| {{formatnum:94663}}|| {{formatnum:1230}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Kwango River|Kwango]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA267 | |[[Marié River|'''Marié''']]|| {{formatnum:1227}}|| {{formatnum:25266}}|| 800|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Rio Negro ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS268 | |[[Kheta (river)|'''Kheta''']] || {{formatnum:1223}}|| {{formatnum:100000}}|| 604|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS269 ||'''[[Taymyra]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1220}} ||{{formatnum:124000}} ||840 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Kara Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA270|| |[[Jari River|'''Jari''']] || {{formatnum:1214}}|| {{formatnum:51893}}|| 877|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Plano nacional de recurso hídricos–Capítulo 5" /><ref name="The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS271 ||'''[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1210}} ||{{formatnum:212044}} ||{{formatnum:2292}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA272 ||'''[[Nottaway River|Nottaway]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1208}} ||{{formatnum:74326}} ||776 | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |James Bay |<ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF273 ||'''[[Chari River|Chari]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1200}} ||{{formatnum:880000}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Lake Chad]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF274|| |[[Lindi River|'''Lindi''']]|| {{formatnum:1200}}|| {{formatnum:59568}}|| 797|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /><ref name="Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA275 ||'''[[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1199}} ||{{formatnum:72147}} ||715 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Chesapeake Bay]] |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Mid Atlantic">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Mid Atlantic |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/article/mid-atlantic?catid=309&Itemid=563|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA276|| |[[Casanare River|'''Casanare''']]|| {{formatnum:1199}}|| {{formatnum:24013}}|| 415|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Meta River|Meta]]||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA277 | |'''[[Rivière des Rochers]]'''–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]'''|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:292497}}|| {{formatnum:1608}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Slave River|Slave]]||{{refn|name=Rivière des Rochers–Athabasca|group=n|Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Rivière des Rochers (main stem 48 km)–[[Lake Athabasca]] (Athabasca inflow–Rivière des Rochers outflow 22 km)–'''[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]''' (length 1,538 km, drainage area 160,705 km², average discharge 784 m³/s) → Total length 1,608 km;}}<ref name="Mackenzie" /><ref name="Rivers at Risk: The Status of Environmental Flows in Canada"/> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA278 | |[[Paranapanema River|'''Paranapanema''']]|| {{formatnum:1198}}|| {{formatnum:101739}}|| 829|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Paraná ||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA279|| |'''[[Isiboro River|Isiboro]]'''|| {{formatnum:1194}}|| {{formatnum:21117}}|| 505|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mamoré ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF280 ||'''[[Cavalla River|Cavally]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1192}} ||{{formatnum:30665}} ||844 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Guinea |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA281|| |'''[[Tefé River|Tefé]]''' || {{formatnum:1190}}|| {{formatnum:24269}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Solimões ||<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Hydrologie du bassin amazonien" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA282 ||'''[[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1189}} ||{{formatnum:54986}} ||673 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bay of Fundy]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS283|| |[[Maya (Aldan)|'''Maya''']] || {{formatnum:1188}}|| {{formatnum:171000}}|| {{formatnum:1053}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Aldan ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA284 ||'''[[São Gonçalo Channel]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1186}} ||{{formatnum:62250}} ||77 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Lagoa dos Patos |<ref name="Atlantic East Coastal" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS285 ||'''[[Kahayan River|Kahayan]]'''|| ||{{formatnum:1178}} ||{{formatnum:16063}} ||658 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA286|| |[[Tomo River|'''Tomo''']] || {{formatnum:1169}}|| {{formatnum:20156}}|| 830|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Orinoco ||<ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2010" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |OC287 ||'''[[Ramu]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1164}} ||{{formatnum:17823}} ||640 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bismarck Sea |<ref name="Papua New Guinea" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA288 ||'''[[Coatzacoalcos River|Coatzacoalcos]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1163}} ||{{formatnum:23956}} ||325 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Gulf of Mexico |<ref name="Anuario Estadistica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Edición 2005" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA289 | |[[Curuçá River (Javari River tributary)|'''Curuçá''']]|| {{formatnum:1157}}|| {{formatnum:25549}}|| 766|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Javary ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS290 ||'''[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1141}} ||{{formatnum:111351}} ||{{formatnum:1024}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Taz Estuary]] |<ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF291 || |[[Lomela River|'''Lomela''']]|| {{formatnum:1139}}|| {{formatnum:39655}}|| {{formatnum:881}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Busira River|Busira]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF292 ||'''[[Saint Paul River]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1125}} ||{{formatnum:20317}} ||485 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF293 ||'''[[Rufiji River|Rufiji]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1115}} ||{{formatnum:204639}} ||{{formatnum:1400}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Indian Ocean]] |<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations" /><ref name="Central East Coast">{{cite web |last=Eric |first=Tilman |title=Central East Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA294|| |[[Ibicuí River|'''Ibicuí''']]|| {{formatnum:1113}}|| {{formatnum:47203}}|| 673|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]||<ref name="La Plata (Parana)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU295 ||'''[[Vistula]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1112}} ||{{formatnum:194424}} ||{{formatnum:1047}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Gdańsk Bay]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF296|| |[[Ivindo River|'''Ivindo''']]|| {{formatnum:1112}}|| {{formatnum:63201}}|| 686|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS297 | |[[Tom (river)|'''Tom''']]|| {{formatnum:1110}}|| {{formatnum:59858}}|| 827|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Ob ||<ref name="Siberian Basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA298 | |[[Morona River|'''Morona''']]|| {{formatnum:1107}}|| {{formatnum:16962}}|| 785|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Marañón ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF299 ||'''[[Kouilou-Niari River|Kouilou]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:61707}} ||560 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Central West Coast" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS300 ||'''[[Rokan River|Rokan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:20189}} ||447 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Strait of Malacca |<ref name="Sumatra" /><ref name="The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA301 ||'''[[Baker River (Chile)|Baker]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1100}} ||{{formatnum:26816}} ||182 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia">{{cite journal |last1=Alejandro |first1=Dussaillant-Jones |last2=Wouter |first2=Buytaert |last3=Claudio |first3=I. Meier |last4=Fabián |first4=Espinoza |date=2012 |title=Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: The Baker basin in Patagonia |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |volume=57 |issue=8 |page=1530-1541 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2012.726993 |bibcode=2012HydSJ..57.1530D }}</ref><ref name="Los recursos hidraulicos de América Latina" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA302|| |[[Willamette River|'''Willamette''']]|| {{formatnum:1099}}|| {{formatnum:28949}}|| 301|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Columbia ||<ref name="Columbia River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA303 | |[[Nhamundá River|'''Nhamundá''']]|| {{formatnum:1094}}|| {{formatnum:28609}}|| 617|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS304 ||'''[[Yana (river)|Yana]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1090}} ||{{formatnum:235457}} ||{{formatnum:1490}} | bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |Laptev Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="River-Runoff Forcing Data–Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project" /><ref name="A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF305 ||'''[[Benin River|Benin]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1084}} ||{{formatnum:49256}} ||300 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Bight of Benin]] |<ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA306|| |[[Ouachita River|'''Ouachita''']]|| {{formatnum:1078}}|| {{formatnum:62850}}|| 974|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Red River of the South|Red River]]||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS307 ||'''[[Chao Phraya River|Chao Phraya]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1077}} ||{{formatnum:188419}} ||{{formatnum:1207}} | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Gulf of Thailand]] |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS308 | |[[Sekong river|'''Sekong''']]|| {{formatnum:1077}}|| {{formatnum:28792}}|| {{formatnum:480}}|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |[[Srepok River|Srepok]]||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA309 | |'''[[Nanay River|Nanay]]'''|| {{formatnum:1073}}|| {{formatnum:16673}}|| 511|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Amazon ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS310 ||'''[[Seruyan River|Seruyan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1067}} ||{{formatnum:13329}} ||395 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Penelitian Strategi Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air Pada Wilayah Sungai Di Indonesia" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS311 ||'''[[Sampit River|Sampit]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1064}} ||{{formatnum:14745}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Java Sea |<ref name="Evaluating and Monitoring Small Scale Gold Mining and Mercury Use: Building a Knowledge-base with Satellite Imagery and Field Work" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU312 ||'''[[Don (river)|Don]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:458694}} ||{{formatnum:1950}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Sea of Azov]] |<ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /><ref name="North Black Sea Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF313 ||'''[[Sofia River|Sofia]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1062}} ||{{formatnum:29267}} ||328 | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Mozambique Channel |<ref name="Madagascar" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS314|| |[[Dong River (China)|'''Dong''']]|| {{formatnum:1056}}|| {{formatnum:33567}}|| 523|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pearl River ||<ref name="Zhujiang (Xi Jiang-Pearl River)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS315 | |[[Lô River|'''Lô''']]|| {{formatnum:1055}}|| {{formatnum:34809}}|| 470|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Red River ||<ref name="Viet Nam Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF316 | |'''[[Likouala-Mossaka]]'''|| {{formatnum:1054}}|| {{formatnum:71886}}|| 615|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Congo ||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA317 | |[[Tombigbee River|'''Tombigbee''']]|| {{formatnum:1052}}|| {{formatnum:52029}}|| 480|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Mobile River|Mobile]]||<ref name="South Atlantic Gulf" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA318 | |[[Aguaytía River|'''Aguaytía''']]|| {{formatnum:1051}}|| {{formatnum:11353}}|| 374|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ucayali ||<ref name="Amazon" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS319 ||'''[[Kamchatka (river)|Kamchatka]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1049}} ||{{formatnum:54104}} ||758 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF320|| |[[Momboyo River|'''Momboyo''']]|| {{formatnum:1045}}|| {{formatnum:44211}}|| {{formatnum:827}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Ruki River|Ruki]]||<ref name="Congo River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF321 ||'''[[Moa River|Moa]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1044}} ||{{formatnum:19560}} ||475 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP" /><ref name="North Africa - West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU322|| |[[Belaya (Kama)|'''Belaya''']]|| {{formatnum:1042}}|| {{formatnum:141609}}|| {{formatnum:1430}}|| bgcolor="#FFF8DC" |[[Kama (river)|Kama]]||<ref name="The Volga River Basin Report" /><ref name="Volga" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS323 | |[[Trishuli River|'''Trishuli''']]|| {{formatnum:1032}}|| {{formatnum:19918}}|| 362|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Gandaki River|Narayani]]||<ref name="Ganga (Ganges)–Brahmaputra" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA324 | |[[Erebato River|'''Erebato''']]|| {{formatnum:1030}}|| {{formatnum:11074}}|| {{formatnum:195}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Caura River (Venezuela)|Caura]]||<ref name="La geografía del agua" /><ref name="Desarrollo Regional y Urbano en Venezuela: Ensayo de Interpretación" /><ref name="Scientia Guaianae" /><ref name="Orinoco" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA325 | |[[White River (Arkansas–Missouri)|'''White River''']]|| {{formatnum:1028}}|| {{formatnum:71743}}|| {{formatnum:1162}}|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Mississippi ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Arkansas White Red" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS326 ||'''[[Euphrates]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1027}} ||{{formatnum:765831}} ||{{formatnum:3000}} | bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Shatt al-Arab ||{{refn|name=Euphrates|group=n|Average water flow measured at the most abundant point (32.4 km³/year, 1977–2018). The Euphrates River drainage basin, including the surrounding desert and semi-desert areas (such as the [[Syrian desert]] and parts of the [[Arabian Desert]] regions), covers approximately 765,831 km²; Source or headwater: Euphrates (main stem 2,278 km)–'''[[Murat River|Murat]]''' (length 722 km, drainage area 44,851 km², average discharge 404 m³/s) → Total length 3,000 km;}}{{r|group=n|Entire Tigris–Euphrates Basin}}<ref name="Tigris–Euphrates" /><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA327|| |[[Pacajá River|'''Pacajá''']]|| {{formatnum:1025}}|| {{formatnum:26438}}|| 634|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Anapu River|Anapu]]||<ref name="Tocantins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA328 ||'''[[Coco River|Coco]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1024}} ||{{formatnum:26952}} ||841 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Caribbean Sea |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA329 ||'''[[Catatumbo River|Catatumbo]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:22317}} ||338 | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |[[Lake Maracaibo]] |<ref name="La geografía del agua" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA330 ||'''[[Baudó River|Baudó]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1023}} ||{{formatnum:5964}} ||316 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia" /><ref name="Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region" /><ref name="Estudio Nacional del Agua 2014" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA331 ||'''[[Manicouagan River|Manicouagan]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1020}} ||{{formatnum:45908}} ||{{formatnum:221}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Estuary of St. Lawrence |<ref name="St Lawrence–Great Lakes" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS332|| |[[Shweli River|'''Shweli''']]|| {{formatnum:1020}}|| {{formatnum:22908}}|| 630|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |Irrawaddy ||<ref name="Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy)" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCCFF" |EU333|| |'''[[Northern Dvina|Little Northern Dvina]]'''|| {{formatnum:1018}}|| {{formatnum:85822}}|| {{formatnum:648}}|| bgcolor="#FFF0F5" |[[Northern Dvina]]||{{refn|name=Little Northern Dvina|group=n|Northern Dvina above [[Vychegda]]; Average discharge, 1971–2000; Source or headwater: Little Northern Dvina (main stem 74 km)–'''[[Yug]]''' (length 574 km, drainage area 36,204 km², average discharge 516 m³/s) → Total length 648 km;}}<ref name="Northern Europe" /><ref name="About the Northern Dvina River" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF334 | |'''Upper Zambezi'''|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:170010}}|| {{formatnum:690}}|| bgcolor="#F0FFF0" |[[Zambezi]]||<ref name="The Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis" /><ref name="Zambezi–Lake Malawi" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |AS335 | |[[Mun River|'''Mun''']]|| {{formatnum:1015}}|| {{formatnum:119868}}|| 641|| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Mekong ||<ref name="Mekong River" /><ref name="Hydrological and Flood Hazards in the Lower Mekong Basin" /><ref name="A compendium of major international rivers in the ESCAPE regions" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA336 ||'''[[Esmeraldas River|Esmeraldas]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1011}} ||{{formatnum:19796}} ||210 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA337 ||'''[[Biobío River|Biobío]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1008}} ||{{formatnum:24264}} ||377 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Pacific Ocean |<ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /><ref name="Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA338|| |[[Wabash River|'''Wabash''']]|| {{formatnum:1007}}|| {{formatnum:85177}}|| 810|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ohio ||<ref name="Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin" /><ref name="Changes in Streamflow and the Flux of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980–2007" /><ref name="Ohio" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |AF339 | |[[Ngounié River|'''Ngounié''']]|| {{formatnum:1002}}|| {{formatnum:32637}}|| 680|| bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Ogooué ||<ref name="Central West Coast" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" |SA340 ||'''[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:344112}} ||{{formatnum:1344}} | bgcolor="#E0FFFF" |Atlantic Ocean |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras" /> |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |NA341 ||'''[[Nushagak River|Nushagak]]''' | ||{{formatnum:1000}} ||{{formatnum:35396}} ||497 | bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Bering Sea |<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System" /><ref name="Presenting the GEMS-GLORI, a compendium of world river discharge to the oceans" /> |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Hilinga man == * [[Lista kan mga salog sa laba]] * [[Lista kan mga salo pagwawa|Lista kan mga watershed]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa E.U. uyon sa kusog nin pagdalihig]] * [[Lista kan mga salog sa Indya sa pagbulos]] [[Kategorya:Mga salog]] q56bmmaw3tvgby0i45gssufu1jo1zm6 Sophie Blanchard 0 21580 311116 190468 2026-09-30T13:35:34Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 311116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Sophie_Blanchard.jpg|thumb|Si Blanchard na maheheking sa inukit ni Jules Porreau kan 1859]] '''Si Sophie Blanchard''' (Marso 25, 1778 – July 6, 1819<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2016/03/28/sophie-blanchard-pioneer-aeronaut/#.WraQz5ch2Uk|title=Sophie Blanchard: Pioneer Aeronaut|last=Dunlop|first=Doug|date=28 March 2016|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|language=en-US|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328060351/https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2016/03/28/sophie-blanchard-pioneer-aeronaut/#.WraQz5ch2Uk|dead-url=yes}}</ref>), midbid na '''Madame Blanchard''' asin bistado man kan kadaklan sa saiyang ngaran na pinagdugtong sa pagkadaraga asin kan pag-agom arog kan '''Madeleine-Sophie Blanchard''', '''Marie Madeleine-Sophie Blanchard''', '''Marie Sophie Armant''' asin '''Madeleine-Sophie Armant Blanchard''', sarong aeronaut na Pranses asin agom kan payunir na si Jean-Pierre Blanchard. Si Blanchard an enot na babaying nagtrabaho bilang propesyonal na balloonist hanggang magadan an saiyang agom pinadagos niya an trabahong ini, nakagibong lampas sa 60 na pagtaas. Midbid sa buong Europa, kinaaliwan siya ni [[Napoleon I|Napoleon Bonaparte]], na nagbusol saiya na maging "Aeronaut of the Official Festivals", rinibayan niya si André-Jacques Garnerin. Kan nagkaigwa giraray nin monarkiya kan 1814, nagtanghal siya para ki Louis XVIII, na nagtao saiyang titulo na "Official Aeronaut of the Restoration". An ballooning sarong makatakot na negosyo para sa mga payunir. Nawaran nin malay si Blanchard sa mga manlaen-laen na okasyon, tinios an nagyeyelong temperatura asin haros malamos kan nahulog sa katubigan. Kan 1819, siya an enot na babaying nagadan sa aksidente sa himpapawid, habang nag-eexhibition sa Tivoli Gardens sa Paris, siya nagpaputok na nagpangyari na magkilyab an gas sa laog. An aksidente nagkawsa na siya mahulog sa bubong nin harong asin siya nagadan. [[Ladawan:Jean_Pierre_Blanchard.jpg|thumb|Si Jean Pierre Blanchard.]] [[Ladawan:Blanchardchampdumars.jpg|thumb|Pagtaas hale sa Champ de Mars, Hunyo 24 1810]] [[Ladawan:Blanchardballoon3.jpg|wala|thumb|An pagtanghal ni Sophie sa Milan kan Agosto 15, an ika- 42 kaaldawan ni Napoleon.]] [[Ladawan:Early_flight_02561u_(7).jpg|thumb|251x251px|''Death of Mme. Blanchard'', ilustrasyon kan ika 19 na siglo]] [[Ladawan:Blancharddeath.jpg|too|thumb|Saro pang ladawan kan siya magadan kan 1869]] == Sitasyon == {{Div col begin}} {{Reflist}} {{Div col end}} == Mga toltolan ==   l3skcg0htrklxs5lprxaxwtakx7ov86 Preity Zinta 0 21735 311115 306506 2026-09-30T12:10:52Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 311115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:PreityZinta.jpg|alt=Preity Zinta is smiling away from the camera.|thumb|Si Preity Zinta sa promotional event para sa ''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]'' (2006)]] Si [[Preity Zinta]] sarong aktres sa India na sikat sa mga pelikula sa [[Bollywood]]. Nagpuon siya kan 1998 na igwang supporting role sa drama na ''[[Dil Se..|Dil Se]].'' == Pelikula == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" |Taon ! scope="col" |Titulo ! scope="col" |Role ! scope="col" |Director(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Mga Nota ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="3" |1998 ! scope="row" |''[[Dil Se..]]'' |{{Sort|Niar|Preeti Nair}} |{{Sort|Ratnam|[[Mani Ratnam]]}} |[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] <small>(also for ''[[Soldier (1998 Indian film)|Soldier]]'')</small> Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dil Se (1998)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201717|publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116021109/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201717|archivedate=16 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368679.cms|title=The Winners – 1998 – Filmfare Awards|publisher=[[Times Internet|Indiatimes]]|accessdate=9 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120709230849/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368679.cms|archivedate=9 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Nominations - 1998 - Filmfare Awards|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368676.cms|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120708134330/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368676.cms|archivedate=8 July 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Premante Idera]]'' |Shailu |{{Sort|Paranjee|[[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]}} |[[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu]] film; Dubbed into [[Hindi]] as ''Dulhan Dilwale Ki'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="non-Hindi">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TO6Fmi8FraUC|title=Bollywood: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow|last1=Dawar|first1=Ramesh|date=1 January 2006|publisher=[[Star Publications]]|isbn=978-1-9058-630-13|page=92|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103041355/http://books.google.com/books?id=TO6Fmi8FraUC|archivedate=3 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Soldier (1998 Indian film)|Soldier]]'' |Preity |[[Abbas-Mustan]] |[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] (also for ''Dil Se..'') | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Filmfare">{{cite news|title=U.K. varsity to confer honorary doctorate on Preity Zinta|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/uk-varsity-to-confer-honorary-doctorate-on-preity-zinta/article854910.ece|accessdate=11 January 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 October 2010|location=London|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023111610/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/U.K.-varsity-to-confer-honorary-doctorate-on-Preity-Zinta/article15795422.ece|archivedate=23 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Soldier (1998)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540402|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=12 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109181754/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540402|archivedate=9 January 2015}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1999 ! scope="row" |''[[Raja Kumarudu]]'' |Rani |[[K. Raghavendra Rao]] |Telugu film; Dubbed into Hindi as ''Prince No. 1'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="non-Hindi" /> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Sangharsh (1999 film)|Sangharsh]]'' |{{Sort|Oberoi|Reet Oberoi}} |{{Sort|Chandra|[[Tanuja Chandra]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Sangharsh (1999)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55953|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=21 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121163456/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55953|archivedate=21 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dillagi (1999 film)|Dillagi]]'' |Rani |{{Sort|Deol|[[Sunny Deol]]}} |Guest appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dillagi (1999)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539177/Dillagi|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071644/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539177/Dillagi|archivedate=8 December 2015}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2000 ! scope="row" |''[[Kya Kehna]]'' |{{Sort|Bakshi|Priya Bakshi}} |{{Sort|Shah|[[Kundan Shah]]}} |Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Mother's Day: Bollywood movies on motherhood|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/slideshow/mothers-day-bollywood-movies-motherhood_375.html|publisher=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=31 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208205728/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/slideshow/mothers-day-bollywood-movies-motherhood_375.html|archivedate=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Nominations - 2000 - Filmfare Awards|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368707.cms|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120709051430/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368707.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2012|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]'' |Jahnvi |{{Sort|Kanwar|[[Raj Kanwar]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Har Dil Jo Pyaar Karega (2000)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201760|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227172239/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201760|archivedate=27 December 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Mission Kashmir]]'' |{{Sort|Parvez|Sufiya Parvez/Sufiya Altaf Khan}} |{{Sort|Chopra|[[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission Kashmir (2000)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201561|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401174944/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201561|archivedate=1 April 2015}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2001 ! scope="row" |''[[Farz (2001 film)|Farz]]'' |{{Sort|Singh|Kajal Singh}} |{{Sort|Kanwar|[[Raj Kanwar]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Farz (2001)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539260|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330200748/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539260|archivedate=30 March 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]'' |Madhubala |[[Abbas-Mustan]] |Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201689|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331132603/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201689|archivedate=31 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Nominations - 2001 - Filmfare Awards|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368737.cms|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120708020250/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368737.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 July 2012|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]'' |Shalini |{{Sort|Akhtar|[[Farhan Akhtar]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menon|first1=Sita|title=Trip on Dil Chahta Hai|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10dil.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026005746/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10dil.htm|archivedate=26 October 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke]]'' |Sakshi |{{Sort|Shivdasani|[[Deepak Shivdasani]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Siddiqui|first1=Shariq|title=Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar (2001)|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10yeh.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221651/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10yeh.htm|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> |- |2002 ! scope="row" |''[[Dil Hai Tumhaara]]'' |Shalu |{{Sort|Shah|[[Kundan Shah]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adarsh|first1=Taran|title=Dil Hai Tumhara (2002)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201710|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|date=6 September 2002|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016185843/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201710|archivedate=16 October 2014}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2003 ! scope="row" |''{{sortname|The|Hero: Love Story of a Spy}}'' |Reshma (Ruksar) |{{Sort|Sharma|[[Anil Sharma]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hero (2003)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201926/The%20Hero|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=21 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121163250/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201926/The%20Hero|archivedate=21 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Armaan (2003 film)|Armaan]]'' |{{Sort|Kapoor|Sonia Kapoor}} |{{Sort|Irani|[[Honey Irani]]}} |Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Armaan">{{cite news|title=Hottest Hollywood/Bollywood villains|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/hottest-hollywood/bollywood-villains/Hottest-Hollywood/Bollywood-villains/articleshow/14368492.cms|accessdate=19 January 2015|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205091345/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/hottest-hollywood/bollywood-villains/Hottest-Hollywood/Bollywood-villains/articleshow/14368492.cms|archivedate=5 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Armaan (2003)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538474|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213041424/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538474|archivedate=13 December 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'' |Nisha |{{Sort|Roshan|[[Rakesh Roshan]]}} |Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Swaminathan|first1=R|title=Hrithik: paisa vasool!|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/07koi.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=11 January 2015|date=7 August 2003|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715000545/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/07koi.htm|archivedate=15 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="49th Filmfare">{{cite web|title=Nominees for the 49th Manikchand Filmfare Awards 2003|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/477404.cms?&fright=1&right=1|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120712081107/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/477404.cms?&fright=1&right=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2012|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' |{{Sort|Kapur|Naina Catherine Kapur}} |{{Sort|Advani|[[Nikhil Advani]]}} |Filmfare Award for Best Actress | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Filmfare" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Iyer|first1=Rohini|title=Yes, Kal Ho Naa Ho is worth watching!|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/25kal.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=11 January 2015|date=25 November 2003|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228011520/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/25kal.htm|archivedate=28 December 2014}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2004 ! scope="row" |''[[Lakshya (film)|Lakshya]]'' |{{Sort|Dutta|Romila Dutta}} |{{Sort|Akhtar|[[Farhan Akhtar]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Lakshya (2004)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201839/Lakshya|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722005003/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201839/Lakshya|archivedate=22 July 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa]]'' |Dr. Parineeta |{{Sort|Agnihotri|[[Atul Agnihotri]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa (2004)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55989|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401104917/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55989|archivedate=1 April 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' |{{Sort|Khan|Zaara Hayaat Khan}} |{{Sort|Chopra|[[Yash Chopra]]}} |Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FlHBQAAQBAJ|title=Bollywood and Its Other(s): Towards New Configurations|last1=Kishore|first1=Vikrant|last2=Patra|first2=Parichay|last3=Sarwal|first3=Amit|date=29 October 2014|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-1-137-42650-5|page=89}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nominees of 50th Filmfare Awards|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1021384,curpg-2.cms|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120709222922/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1021384,curpg-2.cms|archivedate=9 July 2012}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2005 ! scope="row" |''[[Khullam Khulla Pyaar Karen]]'' |{{Sort|Damani|Priti Damani}} |{{Sort|Malhotra|Harmesh Malhotra}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Khullam Khulla Pyaar Kare (2005)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534549|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409134201/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534549|archivedate=9 April 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Salaam Namaste]]'' |{{Sort|Malhotra|Ambar 'Amby' Malhotra}} |{{Sort|Anand|[[Siddharth Anand]]}} |Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|author=Gates, Anita|title=True to the Bollywood Look, While Defying Traditions|date=10 September 2005|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/movies/10nama.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|work=The New York Times|accessdate=7 February 2008|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217024347/http://movies.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/movies/10nama.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|archivedate=17 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nominees of the 51st Filmfare Awards Best Actress|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1405838.cms|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120713023428/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1405838.cms|archivedate=13 July 2012}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2006 ! scope="row" |''[[Alag]]'' |— |{{Sort|Mulligan|[[Jim Mulligan]]}}[[Ashu Trikha]] |Special appearance in song "Sabse Alag" | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|title=The story drew me to the film'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-story-drew-me-to-the-film/article3194701.ece|accessdate=25 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=19 June 2006}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Krrish]]'' |Nisha |{{Sort|Roshan|[[Rakesh Roshan]]}} |Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Krrish (2006)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54355|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331211801/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54355|archivedate=31 March 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' |{{Sort|Saran|Rhea Saran}} |{{Sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}} |Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037/Kabhi%20Alvida%20Naa%20Kehna|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004602/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037/Kabhi%20Alvida%20Naa%20Kehna|archivedate=19 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Preity Zinta: Awards & Nominations|url=http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10155/index.html|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=12 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905050724/http://indiafm.com/celebrities/awards/10155/index.html|archivedate=5 September 2008}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]'' |{{Sort|Goyal|Piya Goyal}} |{{Sort|Kunder|[[Shrish Kunder]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaan-E-Mann (2006)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54523/Jaan-E-Mann|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222138/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54523/Jaan-E-Mann|archivedate=14 July 2014}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2007 ! scope="row" |''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]'' |{{Sort|Khan|Alvira Khan}} |{{Sort|Ali|[[Shaad Ali]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Jhoom Barabar Jhoom (2007)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65077/Jhoom%20Barabar%20Jhoom|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030651/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65077/Jhoom%20Barabar%20Jhoom|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''{{sortname|The|Last Lear}}'' |Shabnam |{{Sort|Ghosh|[[Rituparno Ghosh]]}} |English language film | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Last Lear (2008)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508361|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109080214/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508361|archivedate=9 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dhaliwal|first1=Nirpal|title=The most god-awful film I have ever seen in any genre, anywhere in the world|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/22/bollywood|accessdate=23 January 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 September 2008|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123213118/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/22/bollywood|archivedate=23 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' |Herself |[[Farah Khan]] |Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi" | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Om Shanti Om (2007)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025045139/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373|archivedate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2008 ! scope="row" |''[[Har Pal]]'' |Runa |[[Jahnu Barua]] |Unreleased | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Producers refused to account 'Har Pal' following Shiney Ahuja rape case, reveals Jahnu Barua|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141125/entertainment-bollywood/article/producers-refused-account-har-pal-following-shiney-ahuja-rape|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=26 November 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325073200/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141125/entertainment-bollywood/article/producers-refused-account-har-pal-following-shiney-ahuja-rape|archivedate=25 March 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Heaven on Earth (2008 film)|Heaven on Earth]]'' |Chand |{{Sort|Mehta|[[Deepa Mehta]]}} |[[Punjabi language]] [[Cinema of Canada|Canadian film]]; Dubbed into Hindi as ''Videsh'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adarsh|first1=Taran|title=Videsh - Heaven on Earth|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/508680|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=28 January 2015|date=27 March 2009|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208054704/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/508680|archivedate=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Verma|first1=Sukyana|title=Watch Videsh for Preity Zinta|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/27review-watch-videsh-for-preity-zinta.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=23 January 2015|date=27 March 2009|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215153115/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/27review-watch-videsh-for-preity-zinta.htm|archivedate=15 February 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Heroes (2008 film)|Heroes]]'' |{{Sort|Kaur|Kuljeet Kaur}} |{{Sort|Karnik|[[Samir Karnik]]}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Heroes (2008)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/56203|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=11 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109090022/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/56203|archivedate=9 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]'' |— |{{Sort|Chopra|[[Aditya Chopra]]}} |Special appearance in song "[[Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte]]" | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Beauty and the bouffant|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/beauty-and-the-bouffant/article3402315.ece|accessdate=11 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=10 May 2012}}</ref> |- |2009 ! scope="row" |''[[Main Aurr Mrs Khanna]]'' |{{Sort|Jagmagia|Haseena Jagmagia}} |{{Sort|Soni|[[Prem Soni]]}} |Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Aurr Mrs Khanna (2009)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65160|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=30 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214190236/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65160|archivedate=14 December 2014}}</ref> |- |2013 ! scope="row" |''[[Ishkq in Paris]]'' |Ishkq |{{Sort|Raj|[[Prem Raj]]}} |Also producer and writer | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ishkq In Paris (2013)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547317|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=23 January 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123180920/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547317|archivedate=23 January 2015}}</ref> |- |2014 ! scope="row" |''[[Happy Ending (film)|Happy Ending]]'' |Divya |{{Sort|Raj & DK|[[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.|Raj & DK]]}} |Cameo appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sinha|first1=Seema|title=Saif Ali Khan: It's nice of Preity to do a special part in Happy Ending|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Saif-Ali-Khan-Its-nice-of-Preity-to-do-a-special-part-in-Happy-Ending/articleshow/44851906.cms|accessdate=11 January 2015|work=The Times of India|date=18 October 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021220600/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Saif-Ali-Khan-Its-nice-of-Preity-to-do-a-special-part-in-Happy-Ending/articleshow/44851906.cms|archivedate=21 October 2014}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 ! scope="row" |''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome to New York]]'' |Herself |{{sortname|Chakri|Toleti}} |Cameo appearance | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kumar|first=Arvind|title='Welcome to New York' - Bollywood's first comedy in 3D - set for release|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/indian-stuff/tarana/101644201/welcome-to-new-york--bollywoods-first-comedy-in-3d-set-for-release|accessdate=26 February 2018|publisher=[[Stuff.co.nz]]|date=21 February 2018|archive-date=1 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701085015/https://www.stuff.co.nz/indian-stuff/tarana/101644201/welcome-to-new-york--bollywoods-first-comedy-in-3d-set-for-release|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Bhaiaji Superhit]]'' |Sapna Dubey |{{Sort|Pathak|Neeraj Pathak}} | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bhaiaji-superhit-is-goofy-zany-outrageous-fun-review-bollywood-slxkaGhgjjhic.html|title=Bhaiaji Superhit Is goofy zany outrageous fun|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|publisher=Sify|date=23 November 2018|accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref> |} == Telebisyon == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Taon ! scope="col" |Role ! scope="col" |Istasyon ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Mga Nota ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega]]'' |2011 |Host |[[Colors (TV channel)|Colors]] |Co-hosted with [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anikara|first1=Anita|title=Preity Zinta: Girl,interrupted|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/preity-zinta-girl-interrupted/|accessdate=11 January 2015|work=The Indian Express|date=19 March 2011|location=Mumbai|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208165234/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/preity-zinta-girl-interrupted/|archivedate=8 December 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Up Close & Personal with PZ]]'' |2011 |Host |[[UTV Stars]] | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Jhinuk|title='Up Close and Personal with PZ' fails to deliver|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/up-close-and-personal-with-pz-fails-to-deliver/181580-44-124.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|accessdate=11 January 2015|date=5 September 2011|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521212617/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/up-close-and-personal-with-pz-fails-to-deliver/181580-44-124.html|archivedate=21 May 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Nach Baliye]]'' |2015 |Judge |[[Star Plus]] |[[Nach Baliye 7|Season 7]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Unfair to call me lenient on ‘Nach Baliye': Preity Zinta|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/unfair-to-call-me-lenient-on-nach-baliye-preity-zinta/#sthash.NLgt2WNO.dpuf|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=28 May 2015|date=10 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528142449/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/unfair-to-call-me-lenient-on-nach-baliye-preity-zinta/|archivedate=28 May 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fresh Off the Boat]]'' |2020 |Meena |[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |Episode "The Magic Motor Inn"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/preity-zinta-vir-das-fresh-off-the-boat-episode-to/article_81c00af8-3d7d-11ea-8350-f326c37a1dcf.html |access-date=2020-04-07 |archive-date=2020-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125015924/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/preity-zinta-vir-das-fresh-off-the-boat-episode-to/article_81c00af8-3d7d-11ea-8350-f326c37a1dcf.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | |} == Hilingon man == * [[List of awards and nominations received by Preity Zinta]] == Mga toltolan == {{reflist|30em}} == Panluwas na takod == * {{IMDb name|0006689|Preity Zinta}} {{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|Media}} {{featured list}} dwij3amfchsq2qkoljjton3c3c6eyx9 Tokmok 0 44740 311123 306226 2026-09-30T14:29:30Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 311123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Tokmok | native_name = Токмок | image_skyline = Soviet Il-28 bomber monument in Tokmok 20080830.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Airplane monument in Tokmok | image_flag = Flag of Tokmok.svg | image_seal = Tokmak coa.svg | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Kyrgyzstan | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kyrgyzstan | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Kyrgyzstan|Region]] | subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|25px]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Chüy Region]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Anvarbek Omorkanov (since May 2012)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.shailoo.gov.kg/index.php?module=news&page=Izbran_glava_ispolnitelnogo_organa_mestnogo_samoupravleniya___mer_goroda__Tokmok_Izbran_glava_ispolnitelnogo_organa_mestnogo_samoupravleniya___mer_goroda__Tokmok&pagelang=ru |title = The head of Tokmak City Kenesh is elected |website = Central Election Commission |access-date = 26 February 2014 |archive-date = 24 September 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101026/http://www.shailoo.gov.kg/index.php?module=news&page=Izbran_glava_ispolnitelnogo_organa_mestnogo_samoupravleniya___mer_goroda__Tokmok_Izbran_glava_ispolnitelnogo_organa_mestnogo_samoupravleniya___mer_goroda__Tokmok&pagelang=ru |dead-url = yes }}</ref> | leader_party = | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 41 | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2021 | population_footnotes = <ref name=pop21/> | population_total = 71443 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = KGT | utc_offset = +6 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|42|50|N|75|17|E|region:KG|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 816 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = {{url|http://tokmok.org/}} | footnotes = | name = }} An '''Tokmok''' ({{lang-ky|Токмок|lit=hammer}}; {{lang-ru|Токмак|Tokmak}})<ref name=bse>{{GSEn|111074|Токмак (город в Киргизской ССР)}}</ref> saromng syudad sa [[Chüy Valley]], bandang amnayan nin [[Kyrgyzstan]], subangan kan kabisera kan nasyon kaini na [[Bishkek]], na may populasyon na 71,443 kan 2021.<ref name=pop21>{{cite Kyrgyzstan population 2021}}</ref> An elebasyon kaini 816 m sobra sa lebel nin dagat. Poon 2003 abot 2006, ini an tukawan administratibo nin Ronang Chüy.<ref>[http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/1173/10?cl=ru-ru Law 5 March 2003 No. 49]</ref><ref>[http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/1937 Law 3 August 2006 No. 146]</ref> Sa norte kaini iyo an salog [[Chu (salotg)|Chu]] asin pagdolonan sa Kazakhstan. an Tokmok natugdas na norteng bantayan militar nin [[Khanate of Kokand]] {{Circa|1830}}. Pakalihis 30 taon, ini nahulog sa mga Ruso na rinugba an kuta'. . An modernong banwaan tinugdas kan 1864 ni Major-General [[Mikhail Chernyayev]]. An Tokmok lebel-distritong syudad na may importansya nrehiiyonal sa Reona' na Chüy. Dawa ngani ini napapalibotan kan [[Distrito Chüy]], ini bakon g parte kaining distrito. An total na hiwas kaini nag'abot {{cvt|41|km2}}.<ref name=census09>{{cite Kyrgyzstan census 2009|Chuy|13, 16, 56}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Mga binabanwang mga lugar sa Chüy Region]] [[Kategorya:Mga Binanwang lugar mnatugdas kan 1864]] [[Kategorya:Mga Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan na baktasan sa pagdolonan]] s3d5qr7w1kdvn8holuuz2mtsn3exip3 Victoria Woodhull 0 50623 311125 308859 2026-09-30T14:57:01Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 311125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Victoria Woodhull|image=Victoria Claflin Woodhull by Mathew Brady - Oval Portrait.jpg|caption=Photograph by [[Mathew Brady]], {{circa|1870}}|birth_name=Victoria California Claflin|birth_date={{Birth date|1838|09|23}}|birth_place=[[Homer, Ohio]], U.S.|death_date={{Death date and age|1927|6|9|1838|9|23}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victoria-woodhull.com/images/VictoriaWoodhullDeath.jpg |title=Victoria Woodhull Martin certified death certificate |date=June 17, 2015 |website=victoria-woodhull.com |publisher=Obtained from the General Register Office, UK |access-date=November 9, 2016 |archive-date=November 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110044008/http://www.victoria-woodhull.com/images/VictoriaWoodhullDeath.jpg |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|death_place=[[Bredon's Norton]], [[Worcestershire|Worcestershire, England]]|party=[[National Equal Rights Party|Equal Rights]]|known_for={{cslist|Politics|[[women's rights]]|[[women's suffrage]]|[[feminism]]|[[civil rights]]|[[Abolitionism in the United States|anti-slavery]]|stockbroker|journalism|[[free love]]}}|occupation={{cslist|Suffragist|politician|feminist|writer}}|spouse={{plainlist| * {{Marriage|Canning Woodhull|1853|1865|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[James Blood]]|1865|1876|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[John Biddulph Martin]]|1883|1897|end=died}} }}|children=2|relatives={{plainlist| * [[Tennessee Claflin]] (sister) * {{crossreference|(see [[Claflin family]])}} }}|signature=Victoria Woodhull signature.svg}}Si '''Victoria Claflin Woodhull''' (namundag na '''Victoria California Claflin''' ; Setyembre 23, 1838&nbsp;– Hunyo 9, 1927), kan huri '''si Victoria Woodhull Martin''', sarong Amerikanong lider kan hiron nin deretso sa pagboto kan mga kababaihan na nagdalagan para presidente kan Estados Unidos sa eleksyon kan 1872 . Mantang kadakol na mga historyador asin mga awtor an minaoyon na si Woodhull iyo an pinakaenot na babae na nagdalagan para sa pagkapresidente, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/howfreespeechsav0000fina|title=How Free Speech Saved Democracy|last=Finan|first=Christopher|date=2022|publisher=Truth To Power|isbn=9781586422981|location=Lebanon, NH|pages=[https://archive.org/details/howfreespeechsav0000fina/page/38 38]–39}}</ref> an iba dai minaoyon sa pagklasipikar kaini bilang sarong tunay na kandidatura huli ta susog sa Konstitusyon siya mas hoben pa tanganing magin Presidente kun maelihir. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/10/18/victoria-woodhull-hillary-clinton-first-woman/92051476/|title=First woman to run for president — 'Mrs. Satan' — was no Hillary Clinton|first=Rick|last=Hampson|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> Sarong aktibista para sa mga deretso kan mga kababaihan asin mga reporma sa trabaho, si Woodhull saro man na parasurog kan " libreng pagkamoot ", na kun saen an boot niyang sabihon iyo an katalingkasan na mag-agom, magdiborsyo asin mangaki na mayong restriksyon sosyal o pakikiaram kan gobyerno. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/free-love-advocate-victoria-woodhull-excited-bloomington/article_2c2cb275-b36e-5a6a-bc6a-dd4821121900.html|title='Free love' advocate Victoria Woodhull excited Bloomington|newspaper=[[The Pantagraph]]|date=November 15, 2016|access-date=April 13, 2016|last=Kemp|first=Bill|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185050/https://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/free-love-advocate-victoria-woodhull-excited-bloomington/article_2c2cb275-b36e-5a6a-bc6a-dd4821121900.html|archivedate=June 12, 2018|accessdate=February 3, 2025}}</ref> "Dai ninda kayang ibalik an nag-iitaas na alon nin reporma," parati niyang sinasabi. "An kinaban naghihiro." <ref name="AtticJul20182">{{cite web|title=The Woman Who Ran for President – in 1872|url=https://www.theattic.space/home-page-blogs/woodhull|website=The Attic|date=May 3, 2018|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref> Si Woodhull duwang beses na naghali sa mga trapo pasiring sa kayamanan, an saiyang enot na swerte na ginibo sa tinampo bilang sarong magnetic healer bago siya nag'ayon sa espiritista na hiro kan mga taon 1870. An pagigin kagsurat kan kadaklan sa saiyang mga artikulo pinagdidiskutiran (dakol sa saiyang mga diskurso sa mga temang ini an mga kolaborasyon sa pag-ultanan ni Woodhull, kan saiyang mga parasuporta, asin kan saiyang ikaduwang agom, si Koronel James Blood ). Kaiba an saiyang tugang na babae, si Tennessee Claflin, siya an pinakaenot na babae na nag-operar nin sarong brokerage firm sa Wall Street, na naggibo nin ikaduwang kayamanan. Kabali sinda sa mga enot na babae na nagmukna nin sarong peryodiko sa Estados Unidos, ''an Woodhull &amp;amp; Claflin's Weekly'', na nagpoon na ipublikar kan 1870. Si Woodhull aktibo sa pulitika kan amay na mga taon nin 1870 kan siya nominado bilang pinakaenot na babaeng kandidato para sa pagkapresidente kan Estados Unidos. Si Woodhull iyo an kandidato kan 1872 gikan sa Equal Rights Party, na nagsusuporta sa deretso sa pagboto asin pantay na deretso kan mga kababaihan; an saiyang kaiba sa pagdalagan (na dai niya aram) iyo an lider na abolisyonista na si Frederick Douglass . <ref name="FD-VP">{{Cite book|title=Frederick Douglass: A Biography|last=Trotman|first=C. James|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-35036-8|pages=118–119}}</ref> An saiyang kampanya nag-inspirar nin dawa saro pang babae – apwera sa saiyang tugang na babae – na magdalagan para sa Kongreso. An pagsiyasat sa saiyang mga aktibidad nangyari kan siya inarestar sa mga kasong kalaswaan pirang aldaw bago an eleksyon. An saiyang papel nagpublikar nin sarong istorya kan soboot pakikisaro sa pag-ultanan kan prominenteng ministro na si Henry Ward Beecher asin Elizabeth Richards Tilton na igwa nin mas dakol na detalye kisa sa pigkonsiderar na tama kan panahon na idto. Alagad, ini gabos nakadagdag sa sensasyonal na pagsakop kan saiyang kandidatura. == Amay na buhay asin edukasyon == Si Victoria California Claflin namundag na ikapito sa sampulong aki (anom sainda an nabuhay sagkod sa pagkamaygurang), <ref name="Johnson1956_45">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Johnson|1956}}</ref> sa rural na banwaan sa linderos kan Homer, Licking County, Ohio . An saiyang ina, si Mrs Roxanna "Roxy" Hummel Claflin, namundag sa mga magurang na daing agom asin dai tataong magbasa asin magsurat. Nagin siyang parasunod kan mistikong Austrianong si Franz Mesmer asin kan bagong mobimientong espiritista . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/victoria-woodhull-first-woman-to-run-for-president|title=Move Over, Hillary! Victoria Woodhull Was the First Woman to Run for U.S. President|website=Vogue|date=April 13, 2015|language=en|access-date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> An saiyang ama, si Reuben Buckman "Buck" Claflin, Esq., sarong paradaya, abogado asin paratinda nin lana nin halas . Hale siya sa sarong pobreng sanga kan pamilyang Scots-American Claflin na nakabase sa [[Massachusetts]], mga semi-harayong pinsan kan Gobernador kan Massachusetts na si William Claflin . <ref name="Wight">Wight, Charles Henry, ''Genealogy of the Claflin Family, 1661–1898''. New York: Press of William Green. 1903. ''passim'' (use index)</ref> Si Woodhull hinampak kan saiyang ama, segun sa biograpo na si Theodore Tilton. An biograpo na si Barbara Goldsmith naghingako na siya man nagutom asin inabuso sa sekso kan saiyang ama kan siya hoben pa. Ibinasar niya an saiyang paghahagad nin insesto sa sarong pahayag sa biograpiya ni Theodore Tilton: "Alagad an mga magurang, na garo baga habong mahale an sarong aking babae na an kamunduan iyo an nagpapahinog saiya na magin sarong babae bago an saiyang panahon, naogma sa dai linalaoman na alok." Si Macpherson nagsurat, "Bako lang na dai sinabi ni Victoria ini, mayo nin 'parateng' imbuelto, ni manungod man ini sa insesto." Si Woodhull nagtutubod sa espiritismo – pigtutukoy niya an "Banquo's Ghost" gikan sa ''Macbeth'' ni [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] – huli ta ini an nagtao saiya nin pagtubod sa mas marahay na buhay. Sinabi niya na siya giniyahan kan 1868 ni Demosthenes kun anong simbolismo an gagamiton sa pagsuporta sa saiyang mga teorya nin Libreng Pagkamoot. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2021)">pahina<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>kaipuhan<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mantang sinda nagdadakula, si Victoria nagin harani sa saiyang tugang na babae na si Tennessee na si Celeste Claflin (na inaapod na Tennie), pitong taon na mas hoben saiya asin an huring aki na namundag sa pamilya. Kan sinda mga adulto na, sinda nakipagtabangan sa pagmukna nin sarong stock brokerage asin peryodiko sa Siyudad nin Nueva York. Sa edad na 11, si Woodhull igwa sana nin tolong taon nin pormal na edukasyon, alagad an saiyang mga paratukdo nanompongan na siya intelihente nanggad. Napiritan siyang maghale sa eskwelahan asin harong kaiba an saiyang pamilya kan an saiyang ama, pagkatapos na "magseguro nin magabat," sinulo an nabubulok na gristmill kan pamilya. Kan siya nagprobar na makakua nin bayad sa paagi nin seguro, an saiyang pagsulo asin pandadaya nadiskobre; siya pinalayas kan sarong grupo nin mga vigilante kan banwaan. An banwaan nagkaigwa nin "benepisyo" tanganing makatipon nin pondo tanganing mabayadan an iba pang miyembro kan pamilya sa paghale sa Ohio. == Mga Karera == === Stockbroker === [[Ladawan:Victoria-Woodhull-by-Mathew-Brady-c1870.png|too|thumb| Kabinet na kard kan Woodhull ni Mathew Brady, 1866-73]] Si Woodhull, kaiba an tugang na babae na si Tennessee (Tennie) Claflin, iyo an nagin pinakaenot na babaeng stockbroker asin kan 1870 nagbukas sinda nin sarong brokerage firm sa Wall Street . An mga broker sa Wall Street nabigla. "Mga Petticoat sa mga Hayop na Bovine asin Ursine," an titulo kan ''New York Sun.'' [An Woodhull, Claflin & Company nagbukas kan 1870, sa tabang kan mayaman na si Cornelius Vanderbilt, sarong parahanga kan mga kakayahan ni Woodhull bilang sarong medium; pig-uulayan na siya an namomotan ni Tennie, asin seryosong pig-isip na pakasalan siya. Si Woodhull nagin mayaman sa New York Stock Exchange sa paagi nin pagtao nin payo sa mga kliyente arog ni Vanderbilt. Sarong beses sinabihan niya ini na ipabakal an saiyang mga aksyon sa halipot na 150 sentimos kada stock, na saiyang sinunod, asin nakakua nin minilyon sa deal. An mga peryodiko arog kan ''New York Herald'' pig-omaw si Woodhull asin Claflin bilang "an mga Reyna kan Pinansya" asin "an mga Nakakaakit na mga Broker."  Dakul na mga kontemporaryong journal nin mga lalaki ( ''halimbawa, The Days' Doings'' ) an nagpublikar nin mga sekswal na imahe kan mag-agom na nagpapadalagan kan saindang kumpanya (dawa ngani dai sinda nagpartisipar sa aroaldaw na negosyo kan kumpanya), na nagkokonektar kan konsepto nin pampublikong pag-isip, daing kaibang mga babae na may mga ideya nin " [[Relihiyon asin sekswalidad|sekswal na imoralidad]] " asin [[prostitusyon]] . == Legasiya asin mga onra == [[Ladawan:Victoria-Woodhull-by-CD-Fredericks,-c1870.jpg|too|thumb| Retrato nin kard kan kabinet, mga 1870]] Si Woodhull naretrato nin nagkapirang beses ni Mathew Brady, na midbid sa saiyang mga retrato kan [[Gera Sibil nin mga Amerikano|Gera Sibil kan Amerika]] . Igwa nin sarong lanob na girumdoman ki Victoria Woodhull Martin sa Tewkesbury Abbey sa Inglaterra. An sarong makasaysayan na marka sa luwas kan Homer Public Library sa Licking County, Ohio naglaladawan ki Woodhull bilang an "Enot na Babaeng Kandidato Para sa Presidente kan Estados Unidos." <ref>{{cite web|last=Hart|first=Ted|url=http://nbc4i.com/2016/07/29/licking-co-abolitionist-ran-for-president-in-1872-making-her-the-first-woman-ever-to-do-so/|title=Licking Co. native ran for president in 1872, the first woman ever to do so|publisher=NBC4i.com|date=July 29, 2016|access-date=August 4, 2016|archive-date=August 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803205647/http://nbc4i.com/2016/07/29/licking-co-abolitionist-ran-for-president-in-1872-making-her-the-first-woman-ever-to-do-so/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Igwa nin sarong memorial clock tower sa saiyang onra sa Robbins Hunter Museum, Granville, Ohio. Sarong kaagid ni Victoria na gibo sa kahoy na linden an minalataw sa mga oras. <ref name="Robbins Hunter Museum 20172">{{cite web|title=Victoria Claflin Woodhull: Phoenix Rising|website=Robbins Hunter Museum|date=December 19, 2017|url=http://www.robbinshunter.org/news/2017/12/14/victoria-claflin-woodhull-phoenix-rising|access-date=August 25, 2019}}</ref> An 1980 Broadway musical na ''Onward Victoria'' na-inspirar kan buhay ni Woodhull. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBnpnURcDbMC&q=%22onward+victoria%22+musical&pg=PA128|title=The Performing Arts: A Guide to the Reference Literature|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|year=1994|isbn=978-0-87287-982-9}}</ref> An [[Woodhull Institute for Ethical Leadership]] pigtogdas ni Naomi Wolf asin [[Margot Magowan]] kan 1997. <ref>[http://woodhull.tv/about/ Woodhull Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317012918/http://woodhull.tv/about/|date=March 17, 2013}}; Retrieved April 3, 2013</ref> Kan 2001, si Victoria Woodhull posthumously pig-indukto sa National Women's Hall of Fame . <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatwomen.org/women-of-the-hall/view-all-women?resetfilters=0&limitstart4=240|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021093027/http://www.greatwomen.org/women-of-the-hall/view-all-women?resetfilters=0&limitstart4=240|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 21, 2011|title=National Women's Hall of Fame|publisher=Greatwomen.org|access-date=February 17, 2013}}</ref> An Woodhull Sexual Freedom Alliance sarong Amerikanong organisasyon na nag-aadbokasiya kan mga deretso pantawo asin sekswal na katalingkasan, ini pigtogdas kan 2003, asin ini nginaranan bilang pag-onra ki Victoria Woodhull. Siya tinawan nin onra kan Opisina kan Manhattan Borough President kan Marso 2008 asin siya man kabali sa sarong mapa kan mga makasaysayan na lugar na may relasyon o idinusay sa mga importanteng babae . <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?ID=234|title=Women's Rights, Historic Sites Location List|publisher=Office of Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113101/http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?ID=234|archive-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref> Kan Setyembre 26, 2008, siya tinawan nin "Ronald H. Brown Trailblazer Award" gikan sa St. John's University School of Law sa Queens, New York. Si Mary L. Shearer, kagsadiri kan rehistradong trademark na Victoria Woodhull asin sarong makoapo sa tuhod kan padrasto ni Col. James H. Blood, an nag-ako kan premyo para ki Victoria Woodhull. An mga Trailblazer Awards itinatao "sa mga indibidwal na an trabaho asin aktibidad sa negosyo asin komunidad nagpapahiling nin sarong pangako sa pag-angat kan mga grupo asin indibidwal na kulang an representasyon." Si Victoria Bond an nagmukna kan opera ''na Mrs. President'' manungod sa Woodhull. Ini nag-enot kan 2012 sa Anchorage, Alaska . <ref name="adn.com2">{{cite news|last=Dunham|first=Mike|url=http://www.adn.com/arts/article/review-opera-about-first-woman-run-president-debuts-anchorage/2012/10/06/|title=Review: Opera about first woman to run for president debuts in Anchorage &#124; Arts and Culture|newspaper=[[Alaska Dispatch News]]|location=Anchorage|access-date=September 18, 2016}}</ref> Kan Marso 2017, an Amazon Studios nag-anunsyo nin produksyon nin sarong pelikula base sa saiyang buhay, na pigprodusir asin pigbidahan ni [[Brie Larson]] bilang si Victoria Woodhull. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/brie-larson-victoria-woodhull-first-female-presidential-candidate-movie-amazon-1202014097/|title=Brie Larson to Play First Female U.S. Presidential Candidate Victoria Woodhull in Amazon Film|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=March 22, 2017|work=Variety|access-date=March 28, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> == Bibliograpiya == * 2010 - ''Piling mga sinurat ni Victoria Woodhull.'' ''Deretso sa pagboto, libreng pagkamoot, asin eugenics'' . Lincoln: Unibersidad kan Nebraska Press{{ISBN|978-0-8032-1647-1}} == Literatura == * 2000 - Jacqueline McLean. ''Victoria Woodhull.'' ''Enot na babaeng kandidato sa pagkapresidente'' . Morgan Reynolds{{ISBN|9781883846473}} * 2004 - Amanda Frisken. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq3rxISOD6AC ''An sekswal na rebolusyon ni Vicoria Woodhull.''] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq3rxISOD6AC ''Teatro politikal asin an popular na prensa sa Amerika kan ika-19 siglo''] . Philadelphia: Unibersidad kan Pennsylvania Press{{ISBN|0-8122-3798-6}} * 2010 - ''Piling mga sinurat ni Victoria Woodhull.'' ''Deretso sa pagboto, libreng pagkamoot, asin eugenics'' . Lincoln: Unibersidad kan Nebraska Press{{ISBN|978-0-8032-1647-1}} == Hilingon man ==  {{colbegin|colwidth=30em}} * [[Belva Ann Lockwood]] * [[List of civil rights leaders]] * [[List of suffragists and suffragettes]] * [[List of women's rights activists]] * [[Ezra Heywood]] * [[Swami Laura Horos]] * [[Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)]] * [[Timeline of women's suffrage]] * [[International Workingmen's Association in America]] {{colend}} == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hv4telku9419kbdh550l2r2o7zd2zex Tungabhadra Pushkaralu 0 54879 311124 299234 2026-09-30T14:37:19Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 311124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|kapistahan sa salog kan Hindu sa Indya}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Nobyembre 2025}} {{Infobox recurring event | name = Tungabhadra Pushkaralu | native_name = | native_name_lang = te | logo = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_size = 100px | image = File:Hampi2007 - 05.JPG | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = Salog nin Tungabhadra sa [[Hampi]] | status = Aktibo | genre = [[Mga kapiyestahan nin Hindu]] | begins = 20 Nob 2020 | ends = 1 Dis 2020 | frequency = kada 12 taon | venue = {{Collapsible list |framestyle=border:none; padding:0; <!--Hides borders and improves row spacing--> |title=Listahan kan mga Mayor na [[mga Ghat]] |1=[[Hospet]]|2=[[Hampi]]|3=[[Kampli]]|4=[[Mantralayam]]|5=[[Kurnool]]|6=[[Alampur, Jogulamba Gadwal district|Alampur]]}} | location = [[Salog Tungabhadra]] | coordinates = | country = [[Indya]] | first = | founder_name = | last = | prev = 9 Disyembre 2008 | next = 2032 | participants = 1 Crore | attendance = | capacity = | area = [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]] | budget = Rs. 125 crores<ref name="thehundu1"/> | activity = [[Banal na salog]] na paglubog asin pagsamba sa mga templo sa pangpang kan salog | leader_name = | patron = | organised = <!-- "organized=" also works --> | people = | member = | website = | footnotes = }} An '''Tungabhadra Pushkaram''' sarong kapiyestahan kan [[Salog Tungabhadra|Salog Tungabhadra]] na normal na nangyayari sarong beses sa laog nin 12 taon. An [[Pushkaram]] na ini pig-oobserbaran sa laog nin 12 aldaw poon kan panahon kan paglaog kan [[Hupiter]] sa ''Makara'' rasi ([[Capricorn|Capricorn]]).<ref>{{cite book |author=Roshen Dalal |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT921 |date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |pages=921–}}</ref><ref name="thehundu1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/one-crore-pilgrims-likley-for-tungabhadra-pushkaralu/article1333969.ece|title=One crore pilgrims {{sic|nolink=y|likley}} for Tungabhadra Pushkaralu|accessdate=2008-09-08|work=The Hindu|date=8 September 2008}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Mga detalye kan mga lokasyon== An mga lugar sa pangpang kan [[Salog Tungabhadra]] kun saen an mga peregrino nagbibisita sa mga bantog na templo yaon sa Alampur, [[distrito nin Jogulamba Gadwal]] kan [[Telangana]] asin [[distrito nin Kurnool]] kan [[Andhra Pradesh]]. An mga pambihirang lugar iyo an [[Hospet]], [[Hampi]], [[Kampli]], [[Mantralayam]], [[Kurnool]], asin Alampur.<ref name="toi1">{{cite news |last1=Raghavan |first1=Sandeep |title=Andhra Pradesh: Kurnool district collector releases Tungabhadra Pushkaralu logo {{!}} Vijayawada News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-pradesh-kurnool-district-collector-releases-tungabhadra-pushkaralu-logo/articleshow/79132738.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 November 2020 |publisher=TOI |accessdate=20 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="oli">{{cite web |title=Tungabhadra Pushkaralu begins in T'gana; A low key affair this time |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tungabhadra-pushkaralu-begins-in-tgana-a-low-key-affair-this-time/1979184 |website=www.outlookindia.com |accessdate=20 November 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128160145/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tungabhadra-pushkaralu-begins-in-tgana-a-low-key-affair-this-time/1979184 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Hilingon man== *[[Godavari Pushkaralu]] *[[Kumbh Mela]] *[[Pushkaram]] ==Mga toltolan== {{Reflist}} {{Pushkaram}} {{Mga pistang Hindu|state=collapsed}} [[Kategorya:Mga pista sa Indya]] [[Kategorya:Tubig asin Hinduismo]] [[Kategorya:Mga kapistahan nin Hindu]] [[Kategorya:Relihiyosong turismo sa Indya]] [[Kategorya:Mga peregrinasyon nin Hindu]] [[Kategorya:Distrito nin Jogulamba Gadwal]] [[Kategorya:Kurnool]] [[Kategorya:Mga pista sa Andhra Pradesh]] [[Kategorya:Mga pista sa Telangana]] [[Kategorya:Mga pista sa Karnataka]] [[Kategorya:Mga pag-obserbar sa Nobyembre]] [[Kategorya:Mga pag-obserbar sa Disyembre]] [[Kategorya:2008 sa Indya]] [[Kategorya:2020 sa Indha]] [[Kategorya:Mga atraksyon sa turista sa distrito nin Kadapa]] [[Kategorya:1996 sa Indha]] [[Kategorya:2020s sa Andhra Pradesh]] be0w7zj7rsgt7dvenpjbkfwdoolz8g8 Lindog asin pugawa 0 56857 311118 2026-09-30T14:02:46Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376493646|Warp and weft]]" 311118 wikitext text/x-wiki In the manufacture of [[cloth]], '''warp''' and '''weft''' are the two basic components in [[weaving]] to transform [[Thread (yarn)|thread]] and [[yarn]] into [[textile]] fabrics. The vertical ''warp'' yarns are held stationary in tension on a [[loom]] (frame) while the horizontal ''weft'' (also called the ''woof'') is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|title=Weft|website=The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum|publisher=[[George Washington University]]|location=Washington, DC|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810213317/https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a ''warp end''; a ''pick'' is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are ''fill yarn'' and ''filling yarn'').<ref name="Burnham">Burnham (1980), pp. 170, 179</ref><ref name="Barber 1991, p. 79">Barber (1991), p. 79.</ref> d3fho4eevgl62s3vtiqgo11ap4nqkke 311119 311118 2026-09-30T14:06:50Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311119 wikitext text/x-wiki Sa pag-''manufacture'' nin [[tela]], an '''lindog''' asin '''pugawa''' iyo an duwang basikong components sa [[paghabol]] tanganing gibohon an [[torsido]] asin [[yarn]] na magin [[textile]] fabrics. An vertical ''warp'' yarns kinakaptan na stationary sa tension sa [[tanhaga]] (frame) mantang an horizontal ''weft'' is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|title=Weft|website=The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum|publisher=[[George Washington University]]|location=Washington, DC|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810213317/https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a ''warp end''; a ''pick'' is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are ''fill yarn'' and ''filling yarn'').<ref name="Burnham">Burnham (1980), pp. 170, 179</ref><ref name="Barber 1991, p. 79">Barber (1991), p. 79.</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} o8798upzhikd16o3hbrtpgz1xjtkkwa 311120 311119 2026-09-30T14:09:11Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311120 wikitext text/x-wiki Sa pag-''manufacture'' nin [[tela]], an '''lindog''' asin '''pugawa''' iyo an duwang basikong components sa [[paghabol]] tanganing gibohon an [[torsido]] asin [[yarn]] na magin [[textile]] fabrics. An vertical ''lindog'' yarns kinakaptan na dai maghiro sa tensyon sa [[tanhaga]] (frame) mantang an horizontal ''pugawa'' is drawn through (pighuhurok sa ibabaw asin sa irarom) sa torsido kan lindog.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|title=Weft|website=The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum|publisher=[[George Washington University]]|location=Washington, DC|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810213317/https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a ''warp end''; a ''pick'' is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are ''fill yarn'' and ''filling yarn'').<ref name="Burnham">Burnham (1980), pp. 170, 179</ref><ref name="Barber 1991, p. 79">Barber (1991), p. 79.</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ok2eek668webncfrsk2irsg5y0y14ra 311121 311120 2026-09-30T14:09:50Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311121 wikitext text/x-wiki Sa pag-''manufacture'' nin [[tela]], an '''lindog''' asin '''pugawa''' iyo an duwang basikong components sa [[paghabol]] tanganing gibohon an [[torsido]] asin [[yarn]] na magin [[textile]] fabrics. An vertical ''lindog'' yarns kinakaptan na dai maghiro sa tensyon sa [[tanhaga]] (frame) mantang an horizontal ''pugawa'' is drawn through (pighuhurok sa ibabaw asin sa irarom) sa torsido kan lindog.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|title=Weft|website=The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum|publisher=[[George Washington University]]|location=Washington, DC|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810213317/https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} balqbo6259h9eq3qbfngg9bpv9bpk92 311127 311121 2026-10-01T02:26:58Z Ringer 55 311127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Warp and weft 2.jpg|right|thumb|280px|An lindog (warp) asin pugawa (weft) sa hinabol]] Sa pag-'''haman''' nin [[tela]], an '''lindog''' asin '''pugawa''' iyo an duwang basikong components sa [[paghabol]] tanganing gibohon an [[torsido]] asin [[awat]] na magin [[textile]] fabrics. An vertical ''lindog'' yarns kinakaptan na dai maghiro sa tensyon sa [[tanhaga]] (frame) mantang an horizontal ''pugawa'' is drawn through (pighuhurok sa ibabaw asin sa irarom) sa torsido kan lindog.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|title=Weft|website=The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum|publisher=[[George Washington University]]|location=Washington, DC|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810213317/https://museum.gwu.edu/weft|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Hilnga man== *tanhaga [[https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanhaga]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} sad731ilsqs5k0osvld33ju01j4ywlo Sagop 0 56858 311126 2026-10-01T00:44:16Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "[[File:Takato Dam.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Hitsura nin modernong sagop]] [[File:Embankment Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|Thumb|right|Embankment Dam]] [[File:Gravity Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|thumb|right||Gravity Dam]] [[File:Buttress Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|right|thumb|Buttress Dam]] An '''sagop''' sarong estruktura na nagsasaray tubig o nag'uulang kan bulos o dalihig kaini. An mga sagop klasipikado sa apat na tugmad na klase: gravit..." 311126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Takato Dam.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Hitsura nin modernong sagop]] [[File:Embankment Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|Thumb|right|Embankment Dam]] [[File:Gravity Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|thumb|right||Gravity Dam]] [[File:Buttress Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|right|thumb|Buttress Dam]] An '''sagop''' sarong estruktura na nagsasaray tubig o nag'uulang kan bulos o dalihig kaini. An mga sagop klasipikado sa apat na tugmad na klase: [[gravity dam]] iyo an malahiganteng estruktura gibo sa konkreto o semento na nagsasarig sa gabat kaini ngani mabangga an pwersa kan tinambak na tubig; [[embankment dam]] [[Dagang tinambak (engineering)|earthworks]] ginigibo sa pagtipon nin kagagapoan, dalipay, baybay, daga, o graba; [[buttress dam]]ginigibo paagi nin anhay, konkretong sementong suportado sa ibabang bulos nin serye ninb mga triangular na [[sangki']]; asin an [[arch dam]]s nagamit nin binalod na konkretong lanob ngani mapalis an gabat kan tubig sa magkataraid asin nakapalibot na nag'uulang na daga'. An mga sagop tuyong ginigibo bilang [[irigasyon]], [[hydropower]], [[kuanan tubig]], [[pagkontrol sa baha]], [[Lista nin isports sa tubigt|rekreasyon]], [[inland navigation]], asin [[pagsisira']]. An irigasyn kritikal na aplikayon nin sagop: mga 20% kan mga dagang tatamnan nin kinaban may patubig naghahale sa mga [[reserba] natipon kan mga sagop. An mmga sagop nagmumukna nin pwersa sa tubig (hydropower), nagtatao nin malinig asin danay na pagkukuan elektrisidad, asin nagwawaras nin tubig sa pnagangaipo sa harong asin sa industriyal na gamit.<!-- Dams that support flood management reduce downstream water levels to a safe limit.--> An haloyan nang sagop iyo an [[Jawa Dam (Jordan)|Jawa Dam]] sa modernong [[Jordan]], hinaman kan 3000{{nbsp}}BCE. An [[Hittites|Imperyong Hittite]] nagtugdok magkapirang sagop sa modernong Turkey pag'ultan nin ika-17 asin ika-19 siglo BCE. Sa kan ika-1 na siglo CE, an [[Imperyong Romano]] naghimong makagibo nin inapod na gravity dams{{snd}} na tipikal igwang patindog na ulang sa pairaya asin pailawod na sapa.. Kan [[medieval Europe]], dan mga sagop nagdadamot nin tubig pagtaong pwersa sa paitok na ruweda para sa molino asin pagmimina. An proseso nin pagdesenyo nin mga sagop naghihira na kan mga huring panahon nin ika-18ng siglo hale sa impormal na praktis paqsiring sa disiplina nin inhenyero nakabatay na syensia. Kan ika-20ng siglo, gibo kan madalian nang makakua nin konkreto asin an pagtunga kan mga kaminaryang darakula na pangkonstruksyon, dakulon nang mga proyekto nin mga darakulang sagop an nahahaman sa bilog na ikinaban.<!-- Organized opposition to dam projects emerged in the modern era, focused on environmental and social impacts such as loss of plant and animal habitat, reduced water and sediment flow, degraded landscape aesthetics, submergence of cultural sites, and forced relocation of human populations.--> An barang-barang na parte kan sagop iyo an balagbag na nagpupugol sa tubig, alagad kadaklan kan mga sagop igwang mga dugan na estruktura na may important pungsyon. Pag an sagop binabagat an bulos nin salog, mga [[Lock (water navigation)|barat]] nakakaag na sa proyekto ngani an mga bapor makalagbas. [[Mga hagahag para sa sira]] ikinakaag man ngani an mga sira makapa-iraya. [[Ulaan]] parati kairiba sa desenyo ta anoman na su'pay o sulwak magbulos sana pailawod ta kun dai, pwedeng magdulot nin pagbabaha sa mga palibot na katatamnan asin estaran. Mga ihian nin sagop kinakaag ngani an deposito mapatete' sa paglinig kan mga natipon na tundag marokamok. An ssagop pwede man rangkahon asin haleon huli sa magkapirang rason: kun ini nagdadarang peligro sa buhay, kun ini dai naman kaipohan, ngani maibalik an ruta kan migrasyn nin mga sira, o ngani maparahay an salud kan pailawod na mga sapa paagi kan dagdag na bulos kan marokamok. An mga sagop may okasyon man na nabagsak na naresulta sa makuring pagbaha asin pagkautas nin buhay. Dakul na prinsipyo sa pagdesenyo nin ligtas na sagop nano'dan huli kaini.<!-- Dams can fail for many reasons: earthquakes, weak rocks at the [[abutment]]s, water leaking within or under the dam, or the dam sliding over its [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]].--> ==Toltolan== === Footnotes === {{notelist}} === Citations === {{reflist}} === Sources === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book |chapter= Geology |last = Arnold |first = Arthur B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 106–152 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/106 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Baker|2003|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Beaver (''Castor Canadensis'') |last = Baker |first = B. W. |display-authors=etal |pages= 288–310 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/wildmammalsofnor0000unse_f5o3/page/288 | title = Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics | editor-last = Chapman | editor-first= J.A | isbn= 9780801874161 | year= 2003 | access-date= 8 June 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Reference Guide to Famous Engineering Landmarks of the World | last = Berlow | first= L.H. | isbn= 9780897749664 | url= https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto0000berl | year= 1998 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Academic]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Blight|Jewell|1998|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |last1=Blight |first1=Geoffrey E. |author-link1 = Geoffrey Eustace Blight |last2=Jewell |first2= Richard J. |display-authors= etal |title=Case Studies on Tailings Management |year=1998 |publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]{{snd}}International Council on Metals and the Environment |isbn=9781895720297 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_189572029x |access-date= 8 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bolt|1988|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Seismology |last = Bolt |first = Bruce A. |author-link=Bruce Bolt |pages= 153–171 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/153 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Breeze|2014|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Power Generation Technologies | last = Breeze | first= Paul | edition = 2nd | isbn= 9780080983363 | url= https://archive.org/details/powergenerationt0000bree_y7o0 | year= 2014 | access-date= 20 May 2026 | publisher= [[George Newnes Ltd]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Bunbury |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Egyptian Nile |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Judith |last1=Bunbury |display-authors=etal |pages=43–78 |author-link=Judith Bunbury |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Cao |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The River/Lake Chief System in China: A New Policy to Improve Environmental Quality in Hydrosystems |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Yixin |last1=Cao |display-authors=etal |pages= 853–874 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Instrumentation |last = Carpenter |first = Lynn R. |display-authors=etal |pages= 751–776 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/751 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Hydrology |last = Cecilio |first = Catalino B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 60–105 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/60 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{Sfn|Chellaney|2015|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis | last = Chellaney |first= B. |author-link = Brahma Chellaney | year = 2015 | isbn=9781442249288 | url= https://archive.org/details/waterpeacewarcon0000chel | access-date= 16 May 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=The Nile |first1= Robert |last1= Collins | author-link= Robert O. Collins | isbn= 9780300097641 | year= 2002 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe | publisher= [[Yale University Press]] | access-date= 16 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Corns|1988 |pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Gravity Dam Design and Analysis |last = Corns |first = Charles F. |display-authors=etal |pages= 466–492 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/466 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Cray|2004 |pp=?? }} --> * {{cite book |first=Ed |last=Cray |author-link = Ed Cray |date=2004 |title=Ramblin Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie |url=https://archive.org/details/ramblinman00edcr |access-date= 19 May 2026 |publisher= [[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=9780393047592 }} <!-- {{sfn|Creager|1917|pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book | title = Engineering for Masonry Dams | last = Creager | first= W.P. | lccn=17017759 | url= https://archive.org/details/engineeringform02creagoog | year= 1917 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[J. Wiley & Sons]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Super Structures: The Science of Bridges, Buildings, Dams, and Other Feats of Engineering | last = Denny |first= Mark | isbn= 9780801894367 | url= https://archive.org/details/superstructuress0000denn | year= 2010 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Materials |last = Dolen |first = Timothy P. |display-authors=etal |pages= 172–218 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/172 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Surveillance |last = Duscha |first = Lloyd A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 777–797 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/777 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Evans|2011|pp=??}} --> <!-- PReface pp ix-xii covers Eerything; Chap 1 pp 1-6 Rockslide; Chap 21 pp 519-525 Lava & Volc dams; ch 25(p 595-600) & Ch 26 (p 617-625) Man-made blast-fill dams (? only Russia and Khyrgistan? --> * {{ cite book | title = Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams | editor-last = Evans | editor-first= S.G. | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9783642047633 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zDK85Mqz_YAC | year= 2011 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Geotechnical Engineering of Dams | last = Fell |first= Robin |display-authors= etal |edition = Second | isbn= 9781138000087 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vpCZBQAAQBAJ | year= 2014 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} First edition (2005) online in Internet Archive. * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 321–353 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/321 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gerwick|2014|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Bridge Engineering Handbook. Vol 5. Construction and Maintenance |edition = Second |first = Ben |last = Gerwick |chapter = Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges |pages = 137–174 |editor-last1 = Chen |editor-first1 = Wai-Fah |editor-last2 = Duan |editor-first2 = Lian |isbn = 9781439852330 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BCeOAgAAQBAJ |access-date = 31 October 2025 |year = 2014 |publisher = [[CRC Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gulliver |1991|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Hydropower Engineering Handbook |first = John |last = Gulliver |display-authors=etal |isbn = 9780070251939 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNdSAAAAMAAJ |access-date = 3 July 2026 |year = 1991 |publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Reservoirs |last = James |first = Laurence |pages= 722–750 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/722 | year= 1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Lessons from Notable Events |last = James |first = Laurence B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 8–59 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/8 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Introduction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |pages= 1–7 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/1 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 256–320 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/256 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Design and Construction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 686–703 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/686 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Kitchen|2016|p=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = River Weirs: Design, Maintenance, Modification and Removal | last = Kitchen |first= Amanda |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9780860177784 | url= https://archive.org/details/c-763-river-weirs.-design-maintenance-modification-and-removal-web-1 | year= 2016 | access-date= 8 May 2026 | publisher= Construction Industry Research and Information Association }} <!-- {{sfn|Lemperiere|2006|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | chapter = The Role of Dams in the XXI Century to Achieve a Sustainable Development Target | pages= 1065–1072 | first= F. | last= Lemperiere | display-authors= etal | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirsso0002inte/page/1065 | title = Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century | volume = 2 | editor-last = Berga | editor-first= Luis | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9781134138500 | year= 2006 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 388–408 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/388 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Mariano |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter= Nature-Human-River Relationships at the Ebro River and its Delta |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1= Mercè |last1= Mariano |display-authors=etal |pages=745–782 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Pelikan|1997|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Fish Bypass Channels |last = Pelikan |first = B. |pages= 61–66 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/hydropower97proc0000inte/page/60/mode/2up?q=Pelikan | title = Hydropower '97: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Hydropower | editor-last = Broch | editor-first= E. | isbn= 9054108886 | year= 1997 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Design, Safety and Operation of Dams | last = Schleiss |first= A.J. |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9782889149957 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VP1O0AEACAAJ | year= 2022 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] }} * {{ cite book | title =A History of Dams: The Useful Pyramids | last = Schnitter |first= N. | isbn= 9789054101499 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyofdamsuse0000schn_g8y9 | year= 1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Concrete Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Schrader |first = Ernest K. |display-authors=etal |pages= 540–577 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/540 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Reservoirs: Planning and Engineering | last = Siddiqui |first= I.H. | isbn= 9780195475852 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirspl0000sidd | year= 2009 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Smith|1975|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title= Man and Water: A History of Hydro-technology | last = Smith |first= Norman | isbn= 0684145227 | url= https://archive.org/details/manwaterhistory00smit | year= 1975 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[Charles Scribner's Sons]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Taïbi|2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Senegal River, a Disturbed Lifeline in the Sahel |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Aude |last1=Taïbi |display-authors=etal |pages=79–114 |author-link= |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book | title =Dam | last = Turpin |first= Trevor | isbn= 9781861893284 | url= https://archive.org/details/dam0000turp | year= 2008 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Reaktion Books]] }} ==== Journals, news, and websites ==== <!-- * {{cite journal |title= |first= |last= |display-authors=etal |journal= |publisher= |year= |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023|p=??}} --> *{{cite journal |last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |display-authors= etal |title=Popular Culture and Nile Hydropolitics: Amharic Songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam |journal=International Journal of Water Governance |publisher = [[Delft University of Technology]] |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free | issn = 2211-4505 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bellmore|2017|p=??}} --> *{{Cite journal |last1=Bellmore |first1=J. R. |display-authors=etal |year=2017 |orig-year=2016 |title=Status and Trends of Dam Removal Research in the United States |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wat2.1164 |journal=[[WIREs Water]] |publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |access-date= 22 May 2026 |volume=4 |issue=2 |article-number=e1164 |doi=10.1002/wat2.1164 |issn=2049-1948 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Boulange|2021|loc=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Role of Dams in Reducing Global Flood Exposure Under Climate Change |first= Julien |last= Boulange |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Communications]] |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2021 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |article-number= 417 |issn= 2041-1723 |doi= 10.1038/s41467-020-20704-0 |doi-access= free|pmc= 7814128 }} <!-- * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering |title = Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = John Guthrie | last = Brown |display-authors = etal | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} --> * {{ cite web |url = https://web.itu.edu.tr/~bulu/water_resources_files/lecture_notes_04.pdf |title = Water Resources: Lecture Notes IV |publisher = [[Istanbul Technical University]] |year= <!-- unknown --> | first = Atil | last = Bulu | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Chanson |1998|p=? }} --> * {{cite journal |title= Extreme Reservoir Sedimentation in Australia |first= Hubert |last= Chanson |journal= International Journal of Sediment Research |publisher= International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation |year= 1998 |volume= 13 |issue= 3 |pages= 55–63 |issn= 1001-6279 |doi= |url= https://staff.civil.uq.edu.au/h.chanson/reprints/ijrs_98.pdf |access-date= 8 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Costa|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Local Economic Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants: Evidence from Brazil |first= Francisco |last= Costa |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Economía LACEA Journal]] |publisher= [[Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association]] |year= 2025 |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |pages=105–123 |issn= 1533-6239 |doi= 10.31389/eco.466 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|El-Askary|2026}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The World's Largest Saddle Dam at Risk |first= Hesham |last= El-Askary |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2026 |volume= 135 |issue= |article-number = 106045 |issn= 2212-4209 |doi= 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106045 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420926000579 |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Fowkes|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Mega-Dams In the Hydrologics of the Socialist Anthropocene |first= Maja |last= Fowkes |display-authors=etal |journal= ARTMargins |publisher= [[The MIT Press]] |year= 2025 |volume= 14 |issue= 2 |pages=11–38 |issn= 2162-2574 |doi= 10.1162/artm_a_00411 |url= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/973802. |access-date= 21 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Ghiasi | 2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title = Estimating the Volume of Evaporation from the Main Dams of Iran |first= Behzad |last= Ghiasi |display-authors=etal |journal= Results in Engineering |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2025 |volume= 27 |issue= |article-number= 107057 |issn= 2590-1230 |doi= 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107057 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025031135 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Graves | 2016}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Buhen: A Site Submerged |first= Carl |last= Graves | url= https://www.ees.ac.uk/resource/buhen--a-site-submerged.html |date = 29 Aug 2016 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website = [[Egypt Exploration Society]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Gyau-Boakye|2001}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Environmental Impacts of the Akosombo Dam and Effects of Climate Change on the Lake Levels |first= P. |last= Gyau-Boakye |journal= Environment, Development and Sustainability |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2001 |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–29 |issn= 1573-2975 |doi= 10.1023/A:1011402116047 |url= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011402116047 |access-date= 14 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Horn|2014}} --> * {{cite news |title=Patagonia's New Line of Activism Is Documentary 'DamNation' |first= John |last= Horn |newspaper = [[Los Angeles Times]] <!-- |issn = 2165-1736 --> |publisher= |date= 1 May 2014 |url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-backstage-hollywood-patagonia-damnation-20140501-story.html |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Huang|2024}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Dams Trigger Exponential Population Declines of Migratory Fish |first= Zhenli |last= Huang |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Science Advances]] |publisher= [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |year= 2024 |volume= 10 |issue= 19 |article-number=eadi6580 |issn= 2375-2548 |doi= 10.1126/sciadv.adi6580 }} <!-- {{sfn|Jeuland|2020}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The Economics of Dams |first= Marc |last= Jeuland |journal= [[Oxford Review of Economic Policy]] |year=2020 |volume= 36 |issue= 1 |pages=45–68 |issn= 0266-903X |doi= 10.1093/oxrep/grz028 |url= https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-pdf/36/1/45/31709532/grz028.pdf |access-date= 2 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Kakoyannis | 2002}} --> * {{cite report |title=Assessing and Evaluating Recreational Uses of Water Resources: Implications for an Integrated Management Framework |first= Christina |last= Kakoyannis |display-authors=etal |journal= PNW-GTR-536 |publisher= [[US Department of Agriculture]] |year= 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= 10.2737/pnw-gtr-536 |url= https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/4826.pdf |access-date= 5 July 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Kayiranga|2024|p=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Anthropogenic activities and the influence of desertification processes on the water cycle and water use in the Aral Sea basin |first= Alphonse |last= Kayiranga |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2024 |volume= 51 |issue= |article-number =101598 |issn= 2214-5818 |doi= 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101598 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581823002859 |access-date= 9 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Keijzer|2024}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Threats of Dams to the Persistence of the World's Freshwater Fishes |first= Tamara |last= Keijzer |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Global Change Biology]] |publisher= [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |year= 2024 |volume= 30 |issue= 2 |article-number= e17166 |issn= 1365-2486 |doi= 10.1111/gcb.17166 |url= https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fgcb.17166 |access-date= 4 July 2026 |hdl= 2066/304250 |hdl-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Krol |2024}} --> * {{cite news |last=Krol |first=Debra |date=September 2, 2024 |title=Largest Dam Removal Project in US: Klamath River Flows Freely |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/09/02/klamath-river-four-dams-demolished/75044231007/ |access-date= 22 May 2026 |newspaper=[[USA TODAY]] <!-- |issn=0734-7456 --> }} <!-- {{sfn|Kumar|2026}} * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akosombo-Dam |title = Akosombo Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = Aman | last = Kumar |display-authors = etal | access-date= 15 June 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Lad|2024}} * {{cite journal |title=India and the Ganga Waters Treaty: Analysis of the Water Sharing Mechanism |first= Rahul |last= Lad |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Studies (journal)|International Studies]] |publisher = [[SAGE Publications]] |year= 2024 |volume= 61 |issue= 2 |pages=185–202 |issn= 0020-8817 |doi= 10.1177/00208817241285256 |url= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00208817241285256 |access-date= 18 May 2026 |url-access= subscription }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Larsen |2021}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Dam Builders and Their Works: Beaver Influences on the Structure and Function of River Corridor Hydrology, Geomorphology, Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems |first= Annegret |last= Larsen |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Earth-Science Reviews]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2021 |volume= 218 |issue= |article-number=103623 |issn= 0012-8252 |doi= 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103623 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825221001239 |access-date= 9 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Lehner|2011}} --> * {{cite journal |title=High-Resolution Mapping of the World's Reservoirs and Dams for Sustainable River-Flow Management |first= Bernhard |last= Lehner |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] |publisher= [[Ecological Society of America]] |year= 2011 |volume= 9 |issue= 9 |pages=494–502 |issn= 1540-9295 |doi= 10.1890/100125 |url= https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/100125 |access-date= 30 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Lichtenstein |1976 }} --> * {{cite news |last1=Lichtenstein |first1=Grace |date=20 January 1976 |title=Edward Abbey, Voice of Southwest Wilds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/20/archives/edward-abbey-voice-of-southwest-wilds.html |access-date= 17 May 2026 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Liu|2010}} * {{cite journal |title= Laboratory Test and Numerical Simulation of Time-Dependent Thermomechanical Behavior of the Three-Gorges Dam |first= Jian |last= Liu |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering]] |publisher= |year= 2010 |volume= 22 |issue= 2 |pages=111-123 |issn= |doi= 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2010)22:2(111) |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Liu|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Biodiversity Decline of Fish Assemblages After the Impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam in the Yangtze River Basin, China |first= Xiongjun |last= Liu |display-authors=etal |journal= Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |year= 2019 |volume= 29 |issue= 1 |pages=177–195 |issn= 1573-5184 |doi= 10.1007/s11160-019-09548-0 |url= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-019-09548-0 |access-date= 21 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn| Mácová|2023 }} * {{cite journal |title= How Important for Society Is Recreation Provided by Multi-Purpose Water Reservoirs? Welfare Analysis of the Vltava River Reservoir System |first= Kateřina |last= Mácová |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Water (journal)|Water]] |publisher= |year= 2023 |volume= 15 |issue= 10 |article-number= 1966 |issn= 2073-4441 |doi= 10.3390/w15101966 |doi-access= free|url= https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1966 |access-date= 5 July 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Marchetti|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |last = Marchetti |first= Nicolò |display-authors=etal | title = A Multi-scalar Approach for Assessing the Impact of Dams on the Cultural Heritage in the Middle East and North Africa | journal = [[Journal of Cultural Heritage]] | publisher = [[Elsevier]] | volume = 37 | pages = 17–28 | year = 2019 | issn = 1296-2074 | doi = 10.1016/j.culher.2018.10.007 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207418305569 | access-date= 26 May 2026 | url-access = subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|McSweeney|2023}} --> * {{Cite web |title=Rewilding Europe's Rivers with Dam Removal Boosts Biodiversity, Economy |first=Catherine |last=McSweeney | url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/rivers-biodiversity-dam-removal-award |date = 1 September 2023 |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher=[[European Investment Bank]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Morison|2023}} --> * {{cite journal |last1=Morison |first1=Conner A. G. |display-authors=etal |author-link2=Catherine Hickson |title=Mount Garibaldi: Hazard Potential from a Long-Dormant Volcanic System in the Pacific Northwest |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences]] |publisher=[[Canadian Science Publishing]] |pages=464–484|volume=60 |issue=5 |year=2023 |doi=10.1139/cjes-2022-0067 |issn=0008-4077 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|Niranjan|2026 }} --> * {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/may/21/record-number-of-dams-dismantled-in-europe-in-effort-to-help-wildlife-thrive |title=Record Number of Dams Dismantled in Europe in Effort to Help Wildlife Thrive |first=Ajit |last= Niranjan |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] <!-- |issn = 1756-3224 --> |date= 21 May 2026 |access-date = 22 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Onder|Yilmaz|2005}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Underground Dams: A Tool of Sustainable Development and Management of Ground Resources |last1= Onder |first1=H. |last2=Yilmaz |first2=M. |journal= European Water |publisher= European Water Resources Association |year= 2005 |volume= 11 |issue= 12 |pages=35–45 |issn= 1105-7580 |doi= |url= http://www.ewra.net/ew/pdf/EW_2005_11-12_05.pdf |access-date= 9 May 2026 }} Author M. Yilmaz wrote a 2003 Masters thesis with additional detail and history on underground dams. * {{cite journal |title=The Return of Large Dams to the Development Agenda: A Post-Development Critique |first= Scott W.D. |last= Pearse-Smith |display-authors=etal |journal= Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development |publisher= [[Columbia University Libraries]] |date = Feb 2014 |volume= 11 |issue= 11 |pages= 123–131 |issn= 2333-9705 |doi= |jstor= 26188733 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/26188733 |access-date= }} <!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --> * {{Cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Amit |date=2024 |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Dispute: Implications, Negotiations, And Mediations |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |journal=[[Journal of Contemporary African Studies]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |issn=0258-9001 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{Sfn|Ritchie|2018}} --> * {{Cite journal |last1=Ritchie |first1=A. C. |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=Morphodynamic Evolution Following Sediment Release from the World's Largest Dam Removal |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher= [[National Library of Medicine]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=13279 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-30817-8 |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6125403 }} <!-- {{sfn|Ritchie|2025}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Renewable Energy |first= Hannah |last= Ritchie |author-link =Hannah Ritchie |display-authors=etal | url= https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy |date = 2025 |access-date= 14 June 2026 |website= [[Our World in Data]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Scott|1968}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Farahnaz Pahlavi Dam at Layiyan |first= K. F. |last= Scott |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers]] |publisher= [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] |year= 1968 |volume= 39 |issue= 3 |pages=353–395 |issn= 1753-7789 |doi= 10.1680/iicep.1968.8072 |url= https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1968.8072 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Sutor|2018}} --> * {{cite news |last=Sutor |first = Dave |title=Johnstown Flood: McCullough's 'Lucky Break' Launched Career |url= https://apnews.com/general-news-4f60b21dca89430c9f9e055a3cd7b70a |access-date=16 May 2026 |newspaper = [[AP News]] |date=March 24, 2018 }} * {{cite journal |title=Challenges and Opportunities for the Governance of Hydropower |first= Sergio |last= Villamayor-Tomas |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Sustainability]] |publisher= [[Nature Portfolio]] |year= 2026 |volume= 9 |issue= 5 |pages=653–663 |issn= 2398-9629 |doi= 10.1038/s41893-026-01782-2 |url= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-026-01782-2 |access-date= 25 April 2026 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Vogt|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |title= The Afsluitdijk as a Complex System |first= Berber |last= Vogt |journal= Insight |publisher= [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] |year= 2019 |volume= 22 |issue= 1 |pages = 32–36 |issn= 2156-485X |doi= 10.1002/inst.12235 |url= https://incose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/inst.12235 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Watts|2019}} --> * {{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/feb/25/concrete-the-most-destructive-material-on-earth |title=Concrete: the Most Destructive Material on Earth |first= Jonathan |last= Watts |author-link = Jonathan Watts |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] <!-- |issn = 1756-3224 --> |date= 25 February 2019 |access-date = 31 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Wieland|2023}} --> * {{cite magazine |title= Comparing Vulnerabilities of CFRDs and ECRDs |first= Martin |last= Wieland |magazine= International Water Power & Dam Construction |publisher= [[Wilmington plc]] |date = 15 September 2023 |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= 0306-400X |doi= |url= https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/analysis/comparing-vulnerabilities-of-cfrds-and-ecrds-11150911/ |access-date= 31 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Zafarnejad|2009 }} --> * {{cite journal |title=The Contribution of Dams to Iran's Desertification |first= Fatemeh |last= Zafarnejad |display-authors=etal |journal= International Journal of Environmental Studies |publisher= [[Routledge]] |year= 2009 |volume= 66 |issue= 3 |pages=327–341 |issn= 0020-7233 |doi= 10.1080/00207230902798648 |url= https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207230902798648 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Zhang|2020}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Extinction of One of the World's Largest Freshwater Fishes: Lessons for Conserving the Endangered Yangtze Fauna |first= Hui |last= Zhang |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Science of the Total Environment]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2020 |volume= 710 |issue= |article-number= 136242 |issn= 0048-9697 |doi= 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136242 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719362382 |access-date= 21 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} ==== Unknown author ==== <!-- {{sfn|" ", '' ''}} --> <!-- * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|" ", '' ''}} |title= |url= |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= |website = |publisher= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"Bombs Away", ''The Guardian''}} --> * {{Cite news | ref = {{sfnref|"Bombs Away", ''The Guardian''}} |title=Bombs Away |url= https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/may/06/artsfeatures |access-date= 15 May 2026 |date= 6 May 2003 |newspaper= [[The Guardian]] | issn = 1756-3224 |publisher= }} <!-- {{sfn|"China's Three Gorges Dam", ''BBC''}} --> *{{Cite news | ref = {{sfnref|"China's Three Gorges Dam", ''BBC''}} |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-10695272 |access-date= 5 May 2026 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=China's Three Gorges Dam Faces Flood Test |date=20 July 2010 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet", ''NRMCA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet", ''NRMCA''}} |title=Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet |url= https://www.greenconcrete.info/downloads/11_ConcreteCO2.pdf |access-date= 20 May 2026 |date= June 2008 |website = |publisher= [[National Ready Mixed Concrete Association]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Collins English Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam", ''Collins English Dictionary''}} |title=Dam |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/dam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher= [[HarperCollins]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary''}} * {{Cite book |ref={{sfnRef|"Dam", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary ''}} |year=2001 |chapter=Dam |title=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic0000unse_t1j9/page/361 |access-date=27 December 2025 |pages=361 |isbn=0198604386 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam", ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''}} |title=Dam |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dam |access-date= 22 June 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]] |publisher= [[Merriam-Webster]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Oxford English Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite book |ref={{sfnRef|"Dam", ''Oxford English Dictionary''}} |year=2026 |chapter=Dam |title=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter-url= https://www.oed.com/dictionary/dam_n1 |access-date=22 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam Failure Compilation", ''Bureau of Reclamation''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Failure Compilation", ''Bureau of Reclamation''}} |title= Dam Failure and Flood Event Case History Compilation |url= https://www.usbr.gov/ssle/damsafety/documents/RCEM-CaseHistories2015.pdf |access-date= 12 July 2026 |date= June 2015 |website = |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|" Dam Inspection and Plan Review", ''MSHA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|" Dam Inspection and Plan Review", ''MSHA''}} |title=Dam Inspection and Plan Review (PH21-V-6) |url= https://arlweb.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/PH21-V-6.pdf |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2021 | series=MSHA Handbook Series |website = [[Mine Safety and Health Administration]] |publisher= [[U.S. Department of Labor]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/154.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2011 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} --> * {{cite web |title= Geneva Conventions 1949 Protocol I | ref = {{sfnref|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/assets/treaties/470-AP-I-EN.pdf |access-date = 28 May 2026 | website = [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} |title= Global Energy Review 2025 |url= https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 24 March 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Energy Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} |title=Glossary |url= https://www.usbr.gov/library/glossary/#archgravitydam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2022 |website = Reclamation Library |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} --> * {{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} |url=https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/system/files/engineering-heritage-australia/nomination-title/HRP.Gordon%20Dam.Nomination%20with%20Images.Nov%202000.pdf |title=Gordon Dam, Tasmania: Submission for an National Engineering Landmark |publisher=[[Engineers Australia]] |date=September 2000 |access-date=2 July 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}} |title=Grande Dixence | url= https://www.grande-dixence.ch/en/the-complex/dams/grande-dixence-78/ |access-date= 18 May 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Grande Dixence SA]] |publisher= }} * {{ cite web | title = Hydraulic Design of Spillways | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DkgsAAAAYAAJ | year= 1965 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Hydroelectric Power", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Power", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/science/hydroelectric-power |title = Hydroelectric Power |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 13 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"I-205 Abernethy Bridge". ''Oregon Department of Transportation''}} --> * {{Cite web |ref={{sfnRef|"I-205 Abernethy Bridge". ''Oregon Department of Transportation'' }} |url=https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |title=I-205 Abernethy Bridge |website=[[Oregon Department of Transportation]] |access-date=2 October 2025 |archive-date=25 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125051041/https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{ cite book | title =Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees: Engineering and Design | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA402883 | year= 1995 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Integrated Operation of Hydropower Stations and Reservoirs |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/173.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2022 |isbn= 9780367770051 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Multipurpose Water Storage |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/171.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781003640035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |isbn=978-1-884575-65-5 |url= https://damfailures.org/sites/default/files/wp-pdf/EQPerfo2_v3.pdf |title=Observed Performance of Dams During Earthquakes: Volume III |date= 2014 |publisher=[[United States Society on Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} |title= Planning and Design of Navigation Locks |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerManuals/EM_1110-2-2602.pdf |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 30 September 1995 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book | ref = {{sfnref|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Regulation of Dam Safety |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/167.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781032456058 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} --> * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} |title=Research with GDW Data |url= https://www.globaldamwatch.org/our-research |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= Global Dam Watch }} <!-- {{sfn|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Gorges-Dam |title = Three Gorges Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 15 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn| "Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} |title=Tracking Barriers and Their Impacts on European River Ecosystems |date = 8 Feb 2021 |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/water-use-and-environmental-pressures/tracking-barriers-and-their-impacts |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher= [[European Environment Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} |title=World Register of Dams: General Synthesis |url= https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/world_register/general_synthesis.asp |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= September 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/place/Zuiderzee |title = Zuiderzee |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 5 May 2026 }} --> <!-- SAVE THESE "FURTHER READING" SOURCES ... they may be needed if to implement suggestions from revivews (GA, PR, FA). === Further reading === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book | title =The History of Large Federal Dams: Planning, Design, and Construction | last = Billington |first= David P. |display-authors = etal | isbn= 9781493649044 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyoflargefe00bill | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bureau of Reclamation]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Arch Dam Design and Analysis |last = Boggs |first = Howard L. |display-authors=etal |pages= 493–539 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/493 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 647–685 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/647 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 704–721 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/704 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 0442243979 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Concrete Dams |last = Chopra |first = Anil K. |pages= 416–465 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/416 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Engineering and Ecological Aspects of Dam Removal: An Overview | last = Conyngham |first= J. |display-authors= etal | date = September 2006 | isbn= | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA464959 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Engineer Research and Development Center]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Large Dams: Learning from the Past Looking at the Future : Workshop Proceedings, Gland, Switzerland, April 11-12, 1997 | last = Dorcey |first= A.H.J. | isbn= 9780821340288 | url= https://archive.org/details/largedamslearnin0000unse | year= 1997 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Embankments |last = Duncan |first = James Michael |display-authors=etal |pages= 239–255 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/239 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =The Hydropolitics of Dams: Engineering or Ecosystems? | last = Everard |first= M. | isbn= 9781780325422 | url= https://archive.org/details/hydropoliticsofd0000ever | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Cofferdams |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |pages= 219–238 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/219 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 354–367 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/354 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Recovering a Lost River: Removing Dams, Rewilding Salmon, Revitalizing Communities | last = Hawley |first= S. | isbn= 9780807004739 | url= https://archive.org/details/recoveringlostri00hawl | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Beacon Press]] }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | title = Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply | place = London | publisher = Duckworth | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-7156-2194-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | editor-last = Wikander | editor-first = Örjan | editor-link = Örjan Wikander | contribution = Reservoirs and Dams | title = Handbook of Ancient Water Technology | series = Technology and Change in History | volume = 2 | year = 2000 | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden | isbn = 978-90-04-11123-3 | pages = 331–339 }} * {{ cite book | title =The Challenges of Dam Removal and River Restoration | editor-last = Jerome | editor-first= De Graff | isbn= 9780813741215 | url= https://archive.org/details/challengesofdamr0000unse | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Geological Society of America]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power | last = Khagram |first= Sanjeev | isbn= 9780801442285 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmentt0000sanj | year= 2004 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Cornell University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |title = Dams | last = Leliavsky |first= Serge | isbn= 0412225506 | url= https://archive.org/details/dams0000leli | year= 1981 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Chapman and Hall]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Deep Water: The Epic Struggle over Dams, Displaced People, and the Environment | last = Leslie |first= Jacques | isbn= 9780312425562 | url= https://archive.org/details/deepwaterepicstr00lesl | year= 2006 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Picador (imprint)|Picador]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Design and Construction |last = Lowe III |first = John |display-authors=etal |pages= 609–646 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/646 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Tidal Power |last = Nguyen |first = Josef |pages= 1247–1249 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofen0004unse_i8j9/page/1247 | title = Encyclopedia of Energy | editor-last = Pierce | editor-first= Morris | isbn= 9781587658532 | year= 2012 | access-date= 5 May 2026 | publisher= Salem Press }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams: Engineering in a Social and Environmental Context : Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the British Dam Society | editor-last = Pepper |editor-first= Andrew | isbn= 9780727757999 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsengineeringi0000brit | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[ICE Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Landslide Dams: Processes, Risk and Mitigation | editor-last = Schuster | editor-first= R.L. | isbn= 9780872625242 | url= https://archive.org/details/landslidedamspro0000unse | year= 1986 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title=Hydraulics of Dams and Reservoirs | last =Şentürk |first= Fuat | isbn=9780918334800 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqzZdytUz3gC | year=1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher=[[Water Resources Publications]] }} Also online at [https://archive.org/details/hydraulicsofdams0000sent Internet Archive] * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures | last = Tanchev |first= L. |edition=2nd | isbn= 9780203577059 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsappurtenanth0000tanc | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[CRC Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Development in China | last = Tilt |first= Bryan | isbn= 9780231538268 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmenti0000tilt | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[Columbia University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovative Solutions in Hydropower Engineering and Civil Engineering | last = Wang |first= S. |display-authors= etal | isbn= 9789819917488 | url= https://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-63612 | year= 2023 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer Nature]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dam Foundation Grouting | last =Weaver |first= K.D. | isbn= 9780872627925 | url= https://archive.org/details/damfoundationgro0000weav | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title = New Developments in Dam Engineering: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dam Engineering | editor-last = Wieland | editor-first= Martin | display-editors= etal | isbn= 0415362407 | url= https://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/handle/123456789/169 | year= 2004 | access-date= 4 May 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|A. A. Balkema{{snd}}Taylor & Francis]] }} Reprinted in 2014 with {{isbn|9780203020678}}. ==== Unkown author ==== *{{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Between Two Dams", ''EcoPeace ''}} |title=Between Two Dams: Degania and Alumot |publisher=[[EcoPeace Middle East]] |date= March 2018 |url= https://old.ecopeaceme.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Between-Two-Dams.pdf |access-date= 16 May 2026 }} * {{ cite book |title=Dams for Hydroelectric Energy |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/163.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9781138492035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url=https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/175.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9780367770310 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Surveillance Guide", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Surveillance Guide |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/158.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2018 |isbn= 9781138490208 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs | url= https://archive.org/details/earthquakeengine0000unse | isbn= 9780309043366 | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[National Academies Press]] }} * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Design Center", ''USACE''}} |title=Hydroelectric Design Center |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerRegulations/ER_10-1-53.pdf |access-date= 12 May 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} --> {{Geotechnical engineering}} {{Infrastructure}} {{Hydropower}} {{Subject bar|auto=yes|wikt=yes}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategorya:Civil engineering]] [[Kategorya:Dams| ]] [[Kategorya:Hydraulic structures]] [[Kategorya:Infrastructure]] [[Kategorya:Structural engineering]] n1g4xtgx4hwzn1op25szeocktbbmo24 311128 311126 2026-10-01T02:30:34Z Ringer 55 311128 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Takato Dam.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Hitsura nin modernong sagop]] [[File:Embankment Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|Thumb|right|Embankment Dam]] [[File:Gravity Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|thumb|right||Gravity Dam]] [[File:Buttress Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg|350px|right|thumb|Buttress Dam]] An '''sagop''' sarong estruktura na nagsasaray tubig o nag'uulang kan bulos o dalihig kaini. An mga sagop klasipikado sa apat na tugmad na klase: [[gravity dam]] iyo an malahiganteng estruktura gibo sa konkreto o semento na nagsasarig sa gabat kaini ngani mabangga an pwersa kan tinambak na tubig; [[embankment dam]] [[Dagang tinambak (engineering)|earthworks]] ginigibo sa pagtipon nin kagagapoan, dalipay, baybay, daga, o graba; [[buttress dam]]ginigibo paagi nin anhay, konkretong sementong suportado sa ibabang bulos nin serye ninb mga triangular na [[sangki']]; asin an [[arch dam]]s nagamit nin binalod na konkretong lanob ngani mapalis an gabat kan tubig sa magkataraid asin nakapalibot na nag'uulang na daga'. An mga sagop tuyong ginigibo bilang [[irigasyon]], [[hydropower]], [[kuanan tubig]], [[pagkontrol sa baha]], [[Lista nin isports sa tubigt|rekreasyon]], [[inland navigation]], asin [[pagsisira']]. An irigasyn kritikal na aplikayon nin sagop: mga 20% kan mga dagang tatamnan nin kinaban may patubig naghahale sa mga [[reserba] natipon kan mga sagop. An mmga sagop nagmumukna nin pwersa sa tubig (hydropower), nagtatao nin malinig asin danay na pagkukuan elektrisidad, asin nagwawaras nin tubig sa pnagangaipo sa harong asin sa industriyal na gamit.<!-- Dams that support flood management reduce downstream water levels to a safe limit.--> An haloyan nang sagop iyo an [[Jawa Dam (Jordan)|Jawa Dam]] sa modernong [[Jordan]], hinaman kan 3000{{nbsp}}BCE. An [[Hittites|Imperyong Hittite]] nagtugdok magkapirang sagop sa modernong Turkey pag'ultan nin ika-17 asin ika-19 siglo BCE. Sa kan ika-1 na siglo CE, an [[Imperyong Romano]] naghimong makagibo nin inapod na gravity dams{{snd}} na tipikal igwang patindog na ulang sa pairaya asin pailawod na sapa.. Kan [[medieval Europe]], dan mga sagop nagdadamot nin tubig pagtaong pwersa sa paitok na ruweda para sa molino asin pagmimina. An proseso nin pagdesenyo nin mga sagop naghihira na kan mga huring panahon nin ika-18ng siglo hale sa impormal na praktis paqsiring sa disiplina nin inhenyero nakabatay na syensia. Kan ika-20ng siglo, gibo kan madalian nang makakua nin konkreto asin an pagtunga kan mga kaminaryang darakula na pangkonstruksyon, dakulon nang mga proyekto nin mga darakulang sagop an nahahaman sa bilog na ikinaban.<!-- Organized opposition to dam projects emerged in the modern era, focused on environmental and social impacts such as loss of plant and animal habitat, reduced water and sediment flow, degraded landscape aesthetics, submergence of cultural sites, and forced relocation of human populations.--> An barang-barang na parte kan sagop iyo an balagbag na nagpupugol sa tubig, alagad kadaklan kan mga sagop igwang mga dugan na estruktura na may important pungsyon. Pag an sagop binabagat an bulos nin salog, mga [[Lock (water navigation)|barat]] nakakaag na sa proyekto ngani an mga bapor makalagbas. [[Mga hagahag para sa sira]] ikinakaag man ngani an mga sira makapa-iraya. [[Ulaan]] parati kairiba sa desenyo ta anoman na su'pay o sulwak magbulos sana pailawod ta kun dai, pwedeng magdulot nin pagbabaha sa mga palibot na katatamnan asin estaran. Mga ihian nin sagop kinakaag ngani an deposito mapatete' sa paglinig kan mga natipon na tundag marokamok. An ssagop pwede man rangkahon asin haleon huli sa magkapirang rason: kun ini nagdadarang peligro sa buhay, kun ini dai naman kaipohan, ngani maibalik an ruta kan migrasyn nin mga sira, o ngani maparahay an salud kan pailawod na mga sapa paagi kan dagdag na bulos kan marokamok. An mga sagop may okasyon man na nabagsak na naresulta sa makuring pagbaha asin pagkautas nin buhay. Dakul na prinsipyo sa pagdesenyo nin ligtas na sagop nano'dan huli kaini.<!-- Dams can fail for many reasons: earthquakes, weak rocks at the [[abutment]]s, water leaking within or under the dam, or the dam sliding over its [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]].--> ==Toltolan== === Footnotes === {{notelist}} === Citations === {{reflist}} === Sources === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book |chapter= Geology |last = Arnold |first = Arthur B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 106–152 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/106 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Baker|2003|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Beaver (''Castor Canadensis'') |last = Baker |first = B. W. |display-authors=etal |pages= 288–310 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/wildmammalsofnor0000unse_f5o3/page/288 | title = Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics | editor-last = Chapman | editor-first= J.A | isbn= 9780801874161 | year= 2003 | access-date= 8 June 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Reference Guide to Famous Engineering Landmarks of the World | last = Berlow | first= L.H. | isbn= 9780897749664 | url= https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto0000berl | year= 1998 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Academic]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Blight|Jewell|1998|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |last1=Blight |first1=Geoffrey E. |author-link1 = Geoffrey Eustace Blight |last2=Jewell |first2= Richard J. |display-authors= etal |title=Case Studies on Tailings Management |year=1998 |publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]{{snd}}International Council on Metals and the Environment |isbn=9781895720297 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_189572029x |access-date= 8 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bolt|1988|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Seismology |last = Bolt |first = Bruce A. |author-link=Bruce Bolt |pages= 153–171 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/153 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Breeze|2014|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Power Generation Technologies | last = Breeze | first= Paul | edition = 2nd | isbn= 9780080983363 | url= https://archive.org/details/powergenerationt0000bree_y7o0 | year= 2014 | access-date= 20 May 2026 | publisher= [[George Newnes Ltd]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Bunbury |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Egyptian Nile |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Judith |last1=Bunbury |display-authors=etal |pages=43–78 |author-link=Judith Bunbury |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Cao |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The River/Lake Chief System in China: A New Policy to Improve Environmental Quality in Hydrosystems |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Yixin |last1=Cao |display-authors=etal |pages= 853–874 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Instrumentation |last = Carpenter |first = Lynn R. |display-authors=etal |pages= 751–776 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/751 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Hydrology |last = Cecilio |first = Catalino B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 60–105 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/60 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{Sfn|Chellaney|2015|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis | last = Chellaney |first= B. |author-link = Brahma Chellaney | year = 2015 | isbn=9781442249288 | url= https://archive.org/details/waterpeacewarcon0000chel | access-date= 16 May 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=The Nile |first1= Robert |last1= Collins | author-link= Robert O. Collins | isbn= 9780300097641 | year= 2002 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe | publisher= [[Yale University Press]] | access-date= 16 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Corns|1988 |pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Gravity Dam Design and Analysis |last = Corns |first = Charles F. |display-authors=etal |pages= 466–492 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/466 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Cray|2004 |pp=?? }} --> * {{cite book |first=Ed |last=Cray |author-link = Ed Cray |date=2004 |title=Ramblin Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie |url=https://archive.org/details/ramblinman00edcr |access-date= 19 May 2026 |publisher= [[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=9780393047592 }} <!-- {{sfn|Creager|1917|pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book | title = Engineering for Masonry Dams | last = Creager | first= W.P. | lccn=17017759 | url= https://archive.org/details/engineeringform02creagoog | year= 1917 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[J. Wiley & Sons]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Super Structures: The Science of Bridges, Buildings, Dams, and Other Feats of Engineering | last = Denny |first= Mark | isbn= 9780801894367 | url= https://archive.org/details/superstructuress0000denn | year= 2010 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Materials |last = Dolen |first = Timothy P. |display-authors=etal |pages= 172–218 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/172 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Surveillance |last = Duscha |first = Lloyd A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 777–797 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/777 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Evans|2011|pp=??}} --> <!-- PReface pp ix-xii covers Eerything; Chap 1 pp 1-6 Rockslide; Chap 21 pp 519-525 Lava & Volc dams; ch 25(p 595-600) & Ch 26 (p 617-625) Man-made blast-fill dams (? only Russia and Khyrgistan? --> * {{ cite book | title = Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams | editor-last = Evans | editor-first= S.G. | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9783642047633 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zDK85Mqz_YAC | year= 2011 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Geotechnical Engineering of Dams | last = Fell |first= Robin |display-authors= etal |edition = Second | isbn= 9781138000087 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vpCZBQAAQBAJ | year= 2014 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} First edition (2005) online in Internet Archive. * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 321–353 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/321 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gerwick|2014|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Bridge Engineering Handbook. Vol 5. Construction and Maintenance |edition = Second |first = Ben |last = Gerwick |chapter = Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges |pages = 137–174 |editor-last1 = Chen |editor-first1 = Wai-Fah |editor-last2 = Duan |editor-first2 = Lian |isbn = 9781439852330 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BCeOAgAAQBAJ |access-date = 31 October 2025 |year = 2014 |publisher = [[CRC Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gulliver |1991|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Hydropower Engineering Handbook |first = John |last = Gulliver |display-authors=etal |isbn = 9780070251939 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNdSAAAAMAAJ |access-date = 3 July 2026 |year = 1991 |publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Reservoirs |last = James |first = Laurence |pages= 722–750 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/722 | year= 1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Lessons from Notable Events |last = James |first = Laurence B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 8–59 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/8 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Introduction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |pages= 1–7 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/1 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 256–320 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/256 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Design and Construction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 686–703 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/686 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Kitchen|2016|p=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = River Weirs: Design, Maintenance, Modification and Removal | last = Kitchen |first= Amanda |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9780860177784 | url= https://archive.org/details/c-763-river-weirs.-design-maintenance-modification-and-removal-web-1 | year= 2016 | access-date= 8 May 2026 | publisher= Construction Industry Research and Information Association }} <!-- {{sfn|Lemperiere|2006|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | chapter = The Role of Dams in the XXI Century to Achieve a Sustainable Development Target | pages= 1065–1072 | first= F. | last= Lemperiere | display-authors= etal | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirsso0002inte/page/1065 | title = Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century | volume = 2 | editor-last = Berga | editor-first= Luis | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9781134138500 | year= 2006 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 388–408 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/388 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Mariano |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter= Nature-Human-River Relationships at the Ebro River and its Delta |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1= Mercè |last1= Mariano |display-authors=etal |pages=745–782 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Pelikan|1997|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Fish Bypass Channels |last = Pelikan |first = B. |pages= 61–66 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/hydropower97proc0000inte/page/60/mode/2up?q=Pelikan | title = Hydropower '97: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Hydropower | editor-last = Broch | editor-first= E. | isbn= 9054108886 | year= 1997 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Design, Safety and Operation of Dams | last = Schleiss |first= A.J. |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9782889149957 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VP1O0AEACAAJ | year= 2022 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] }} * {{ cite book | title =A History of Dams: The Useful Pyramids | last = Schnitter |first= N. | isbn= 9789054101499 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyofdamsuse0000schn_g8y9 | year= 1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Concrete Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Schrader |first = Ernest K. |display-authors=etal |pages= 540–577 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/540 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Reservoirs: Planning and Engineering | last = Siddiqui |first= I.H. | isbn= 9780195475852 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirspl0000sidd | year= 2009 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Smith|1975|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title= Man and Water: A History of Hydro-technology | last = Smith |first= Norman | isbn= 0684145227 | url= https://archive.org/details/manwaterhistory00smit | year= 1975 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[Charles Scribner's Sons]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Taïbi|2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Senegal River, a Disturbed Lifeline in the Sahel |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Aude |last1=Taïbi |display-authors=etal |pages=79–114 |author-link= |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book | title =Dam | last = Turpin |first= Trevor | isbn= 9781861893284 | url= https://archive.org/details/dam0000turp | year= 2008 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Reaktion Books]] }} ==== Journals, news, and websites ==== <!-- * {{cite journal |title= |first= |last= |display-authors=etal |journal= |publisher= |year= |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023|p=??}} --> *{{cite journal |last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |display-authors= etal |title=Popular Culture and Nile Hydropolitics: Amharic Songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam |journal=International Journal of Water Governance |publisher = [[Delft University of Technology]] |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free | issn = 2211-4505 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bellmore|2017|p=??}} --> *{{Cite journal |last1=Bellmore |first1=J. R. |display-authors=etal |year=2017 |orig-year=2016 |title=Status and Trends of Dam Removal Research in the United States |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wat2.1164 |journal=[[WIREs Water]] |publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |access-date= 22 May 2026 |volume=4 |issue=2 |article-number=e1164 |doi=10.1002/wat2.1164 |issn=2049-1948 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Boulange|2021|loc=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Role of Dams in Reducing Global Flood Exposure Under Climate Change |first= Julien |last= Boulange |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Communications]] |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2021 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |article-number= 417 |issn= 2041-1723 |doi= 10.1038/s41467-020-20704-0 |doi-access= free|pmc= 7814128 }} <!-- * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering |title = Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = John Guthrie | last = Brown |display-authors = etal | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} --> * {{ cite web |url = https://web.itu.edu.tr/~bulu/water_resources_files/lecture_notes_04.pdf |title = Water Resources: Lecture Notes IV |publisher = [[Istanbul Technical University]] |year= <!-- unknown --> | first = Atil | last = Bulu | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Chanson |1998|p=? }} --> * {{cite journal |title= Extreme Reservoir Sedimentation in Australia |first= Hubert |last= Chanson |journal= International Journal of Sediment Research |publisher= International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation |year= 1998 |volume= 13 |issue= 3 |pages= 55–63 |issn= 1001-6279 |doi= |url= https://staff.civil.uq.edu.au/h.chanson/reprints/ijrs_98.pdf |access-date= 8 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Costa|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Local Economic Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants: Evidence from Brazil |first= Francisco |last= Costa |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Economía LACEA Journal]] |publisher= [[Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association]] |year= 2025 |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |pages=105–123 |issn= 1533-6239 |doi= 10.31389/eco.466 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|El-Askary|2026}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The World's Largest Saddle Dam at Risk |first= Hesham |last= El-Askary |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2026 |volume= 135 |issue= |article-number = 106045 |issn= 2212-4209 |doi= 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106045 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420926000579 |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Fowkes|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Mega-Dams In the Hydrologics of the Socialist Anthropocene |first= Maja |last= Fowkes |display-authors=etal |journal= ARTMargins |publisher= [[The MIT Press]] |year= 2025 |volume= 14 |issue= 2 |pages=11–38 |issn= 2162-2574 |doi= 10.1162/artm_a_00411 |url= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/973802. |access-date= 21 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Ghiasi | 2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title = Estimating the Volume of Evaporation from the Main Dams of Iran |first= Behzad |last= Ghiasi |display-authors=etal |journal= Results in Engineering |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2025 |volume= 27 |issue= |article-number= 107057 |issn= 2590-1230 |doi= 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107057 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025031135 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Graves | 2016}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Buhen: A Site Submerged |first= Carl |last= Graves | url= https://www.ees.ac.uk/resource/buhen--a-site-submerged.html |date = 29 Aug 2016 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website = [[Egypt Exploration Society]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Gyau-Boakye|2001}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Environmental Impacts of the Akosombo Dam and Effects of Climate Change on the Lake Levels |first= P. |last= Gyau-Boakye |journal= Environment, Development and Sustainability |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2001 |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–29 |issn= 1573-2975 |doi= 10.1023/A:1011402116047 |url= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011402116047 |access-date= 14 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Horn|2014}} --> * {{cite news |title=Patagonia's New Line of Activism Is Documentary 'DamNation' |first= John |last= Horn |newspaper = [[Los Angeles Times]] <!-- |issn = 2165-1736 --> |publisher= |date= 1 May 2014 |url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-backstage-hollywood-patagonia-damnation-20140501-story.html |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Huang|2024}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Dams Trigger Exponential Population Declines of Migratory Fish |first= Zhenli |last= Huang |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Science Advances]] |publisher= [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |year= 2024 |volume= 10 |issue= 19 |article-number=eadi6580 |issn= 2375-2548 |doi= 10.1126/sciadv.adi6580 }} <!-- {{sfn|Jeuland|2020}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The Economics of Dams |first= Marc |last= Jeuland |journal= [[Oxford Review of Economic Policy]] |year=2020 |volume= 36 |issue= 1 |pages=45–68 |issn= 0266-903X |doi= 10.1093/oxrep/grz028 |url= https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-pdf/36/1/45/31709532/grz028.pdf |access-date= 2 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Kakoyannis | 2002}} --> * {{cite report |title=Assessing and Evaluating Recreational Uses of Water Resources: Implications for an Integrated Management Framework |first= Christina |last= Kakoyannis |display-authors=etal |journal= PNW-GTR-536 |publisher= [[US Department of Agriculture]] |year= 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= 10.2737/pnw-gtr-536 |url= https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/4826.pdf |access-date= 5 July 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Kayiranga|2024|p=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Anthropogenic activities and the influence of desertification processes on the water cycle and water use in the Aral Sea basin |first= Alphonse |last= Kayiranga |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2024 |volume= 51 |issue= |article-number =101598 |issn= 2214-5818 |doi= 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101598 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581823002859 |access-date= 9 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Keijzer|2024}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Threats of Dams to the Persistence of the World's Freshwater Fishes |first= Tamara |last= Keijzer |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Global Change Biology]] |publisher= [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |year= 2024 |volume= 30 |issue= 2 |article-number= e17166 |issn= 1365-2486 |doi= 10.1111/gcb.17166 |url= https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fgcb.17166 |access-date= 4 July 2026 |hdl= 2066/304250 |hdl-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Krol |2024}} --> * {{cite news |last=Krol |first=Debra |date=September 2, 2024 |title=Largest Dam Removal Project in US: Klamath River Flows Freely |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/09/02/klamath-river-four-dams-demolished/75044231007/ |access-date= 22 May 2026 |newspaper=[[USA TODAY]] <!-- |issn=0734-7456 --> }} <!-- {{sfn|Kumar|2026}} * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akosombo-Dam |title = Akosombo Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = Aman | last = Kumar |display-authors = etal | access-date= 15 June 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Lad|2024}} * {{cite journal |title=India and the Ganga Waters Treaty: Analysis of the Water Sharing Mechanism |first= Rahul |last= Lad |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Studies (journal)|International Studies]] |publisher = [[SAGE Publications]] |year= 2024 |volume= 61 |issue= 2 |pages=185–202 |issn= 0020-8817 |doi= 10.1177/00208817241285256 |url= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00208817241285256 |access-date= 18 May 2026 |url-access= subscription }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Larsen |2021}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Dam Builders and Their Works: Beaver Influences on the Structure and Function of River Corridor Hydrology, Geomorphology, Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems |first= Annegret |last= Larsen |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Earth-Science Reviews]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2021 |volume= 218 |issue= |article-number=103623 |issn= 0012-8252 |doi= 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103623 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825221001239 |access-date= 9 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Lehner|2011}} --> * {{cite journal |title=High-Resolution Mapping of the World's Reservoirs and Dams for Sustainable River-Flow Management |first= Bernhard |last= Lehner |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] |publisher= [[Ecological Society of America]] |year= 2011 |volume= 9 |issue= 9 |pages=494–502 |issn= 1540-9295 |doi= 10.1890/100125 |url= https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/100125 |access-date= 30 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Lichtenstein |1976 }} --> * {{cite news |last1=Lichtenstein |first1=Grace |date=20 January 1976 |title=Edward Abbey, Voice of Southwest Wilds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/20/archives/edward-abbey-voice-of-southwest-wilds.html |access-date= 17 May 2026 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Liu|2010}} * {{cite journal |title= Laboratory Test and Numerical Simulation of Time-Dependent Thermomechanical Behavior of the Three-Gorges Dam |first= Jian |last= Liu |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering]] |publisher= |year= 2010 |volume= 22 |issue= 2 |pages=111-123 |issn= |doi= 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2010)22:2(111) |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Liu|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Biodiversity Decline of Fish Assemblages After the Impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam in the Yangtze River Basin, China |first= Xiongjun |last= Liu |display-authors=etal |journal= Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |year= 2019 |volume= 29 |issue= 1 |pages=177–195 |issn= 1573-5184 |doi= 10.1007/s11160-019-09548-0 |url= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-019-09548-0 |access-date= 21 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn| Mácová|2023 }} * {{cite journal |title= How Important for Society Is Recreation Provided by Multi-Purpose Water Reservoirs? Welfare Analysis of the Vltava River Reservoir System |first= Kateřina |last= Mácová |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Water (journal)|Water]] |publisher= |year= 2023 |volume= 15 |issue= 10 |article-number= 1966 |issn= 2073-4441 |doi= 10.3390/w15101966 |doi-access= free|url= https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1966 |access-date= 5 July 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Marchetti|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |last = Marchetti |first= Nicolò |display-authors=etal | title = A Multi-scalar Approach for Assessing the Impact of Dams on the Cultural Heritage in the Middle East and North Africa | journal = [[Journal of Cultural Heritage]] | publisher = [[Elsevier]] | volume = 37 | pages = 17–28 | year = 2019 | issn = 1296-2074 | doi = 10.1016/j.culher.2018.10.007 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207418305569 | access-date= 26 May 2026 | url-access = subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|McSweeney|2023}} --> * {{Cite web |title=Rewilding Europe's Rivers with Dam Removal Boosts Biodiversity, Economy |first=Catherine |last=McSweeney | url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/rivers-biodiversity-dam-removal-award |date = 1 September 2023 |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher=[[European Investment Bank]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Morison|2023}} --> * {{cite journal |last1=Morison |first1=Conner A. G. |display-authors=etal |author-link2=Catherine Hickson |title=Mount Garibaldi: Hazard Potential from a Long-Dormant Volcanic System in the Pacific Northwest |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences]] |publisher=[[Canadian Science Publishing]] |pages=464–484|volume=60 |issue=5 |year=2023 |doi=10.1139/cjes-2022-0067 |issn=0008-4077 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|Niranjan|2026 }} --> * {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/may/21/record-number-of-dams-dismantled-in-europe-in-effort-to-help-wildlife-thrive |title=Record Number of Dams Dismantled in Europe in Effort to Help Wildlife Thrive |first=Ajit |last= Niranjan |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] <!-- |issn = 1756-3224 --> |date= 21 May 2026 |access-date = 22 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Onder|Yilmaz|2005}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Underground Dams: A Tool of Sustainable Development and Management of Ground Resources |last1= Onder |first1=H. |last2=Yilmaz |first2=M. |journal= European Water |publisher= European Water Resources Association |year= 2005 |volume= 11 |issue= 12 |pages=35–45 |issn= 1105-7580 |doi= |url= http://www.ewra.net/ew/pdf/EW_2005_11-12_05.pdf |access-date= 9 May 2026 }} Author M. Yilmaz wrote a 2003 Masters thesis with additional detail and history on underground dams. * {{cite journal |title=The Return of Large Dams to the Development Agenda: A Post-Development Critique |first= Scott W.D. |last= Pearse-Smith |display-authors=etal |journal= Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development |publisher= [[Columbia University Libraries]] |date = Feb 2014 |volume= 11 |issue= 11 |pages= 123–131 |issn= 2333-9705 |doi= |jstor= 26188733 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/26188733 |access-date= }} <!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --> * {{Cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Amit |date=2024 |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Dispute: Implications, Negotiations, And Mediations |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |journal=[[Journal of Contemporary African Studies]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |issn=0258-9001 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{Sfn|Ritchie|2018}} --> * {{Cite journal |last1=Ritchie |first1=A. C. |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=Morphodynamic Evolution Following Sediment Release from the World's Largest Dam Removal |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher= [[National Library of Medicine]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=13279 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-30817-8 |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6125403 }} <!-- {{sfn|Ritchie|2025}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Renewable Energy |first= Hannah |last= Ritchie |author-link =Hannah Ritchie |display-authors=etal | url= https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy |date = 2025 |access-date= 14 June 2026 |website= [[Our World in Data]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Scott|1968}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Farahnaz Pahlavi Dam at Layiyan |first= K. F. |last= Scott |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers]] |publisher= [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] |year= 1968 |volume= 39 |issue= 3 |pages=353–395 |issn= 1753-7789 |doi= 10.1680/iicep.1968.8072 |url= https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1968.8072 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Sutor|2018}} --> * {{cite news |last=Sutor |first = Dave |title=Johnstown Flood: McCullough's 'Lucky Break' Launched Career |url= https://apnews.com/general-news-4f60b21dca89430c9f9e055a3cd7b70a |access-date=16 May 2026 |newspaper = [[AP News]] |date=March 24, 2018 }} * {{cite journal |title=Challenges and Opportunities for the Governance of Hydropower |first= Sergio |last= Villamayor-Tomas |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Sustainability]] |publisher= [[Nature Portfolio]] |year= 2026 |volume= 9 |issue= 5 |pages=653–663 |issn= 2398-9629 |doi= 10.1038/s41893-026-01782-2 |url= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-026-01782-2 |access-date= 25 April 2026 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Vogt|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |title= The Afsluitdijk as a Complex System |first= Berber |last= Vogt |journal= Insight |publisher= [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] |year= 2019 |volume= 22 |issue= 1 |pages = 32–36 |issn= 2156-485X |doi= 10.1002/inst.12235 |url= https://incose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/inst.12235 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Watts|2019}} --> * {{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/feb/25/concrete-the-most-destructive-material-on-earth |title=Concrete: the Most Destructive Material on Earth |first= Jonathan |last= Watts |author-link = Jonathan Watts |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] <!-- |issn = 1756-3224 --> |date= 25 February 2019 |access-date = 31 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Wieland|2023}} --> * {{cite magazine |title= Comparing Vulnerabilities of CFRDs and ECRDs |first= Martin |last= Wieland |magazine= International Water Power & Dam Construction |publisher= [[Wilmington plc]] |date = 15 September 2023 |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= 0306-400X |doi= |url= https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/analysis/comparing-vulnerabilities-of-cfrds-and-ecrds-11150911/ |access-date= 31 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Zafarnejad|2009 }} --> * {{cite journal |title=The Contribution of Dams to Iran's Desertification |first= Fatemeh |last= Zafarnejad |display-authors=etal |journal= International Journal of Environmental Studies |publisher= [[Routledge]] |year= 2009 |volume= 66 |issue= 3 |pages=327–341 |issn= 0020-7233 |doi= 10.1080/00207230902798648 |url= https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207230902798648 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Zhang|2020}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Extinction of One of the World's Largest Freshwater Fishes: Lessons for Conserving the Endangered Yangtze Fauna |first= Hui |last= Zhang |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Science of the Total Environment]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2020 |volume= 710 |issue= |article-number= 136242 |issn= 0048-9697 |doi= 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136242 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719362382 |access-date= 21 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} ==== Unknown author ==== <!-- {{sfn|" ", '' ''}} --> <!-- * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|" ", '' ''}} |title= |url= |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= |website = |publisher= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"Bombs Away", ''The Guardian''}} --> * {{Cite news | ref = {{sfnref|"Bombs Away", ''The Guardian''}} |title=Bombs Away |url= https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/may/06/artsfeatures |access-date= 15 May 2026 |date= 6 May 2003 |newspaper= [[The Guardian]] | issn = 1756-3224 |publisher= }} <!-- {{sfn|"China's Three Gorges Dam", ''BBC''}} --> *{{Cite news | ref = {{sfnref|"China's Three Gorges Dam", ''BBC''}} |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-10695272 |access-date= 5 May 2026 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=China's Three Gorges Dam Faces Flood Test |date=20 July 2010 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet", ''NRMCA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet", ''NRMCA''}} |title=Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet |url= https://www.greenconcrete.info/downloads/11_ConcreteCO2.pdf |access-date= 20 May 2026 |date= June 2008 |website = |publisher= [[National Ready Mixed Concrete Association]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Collins English Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam", ''Collins English Dictionary''}} |title=Dam |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/dam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher= [[HarperCollins]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary''}} * {{Cite book |ref={{sfnRef|"Dam", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary ''}} |year=2001 |chapter=Dam |title=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic0000unse_t1j9/page/361 |access-date=27 December 2025 |pages=361 |isbn=0198604386 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam", ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''}} |title=Dam |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dam |access-date= 22 June 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]] |publisher= [[Merriam-Webster]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Oxford English Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite book |ref={{sfnRef|"Dam", ''Oxford English Dictionary''}} |year=2026 |chapter=Dam |title=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter-url= https://www.oed.com/dictionary/dam_n1 |access-date=22 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam Failure Compilation", ''Bureau of Reclamation''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Failure Compilation", ''Bureau of Reclamation''}} |title= Dam Failure and Flood Event Case History Compilation |url= https://www.usbr.gov/ssle/damsafety/documents/RCEM-CaseHistories2015.pdf |access-date= 12 July 2026 |date= June 2015 |website = |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|" Dam Inspection and Plan Review", ''MSHA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|" Dam Inspection and Plan Review", ''MSHA''}} |title=Dam Inspection and Plan Review (PH21-V-6) |url= https://arlweb.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/PH21-V-6.pdf |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2021 | series=MSHA Handbook Series |website = [[Mine Safety and Health Administration]] |publisher= [[U.S. Department of Labor]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/154.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2011 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} --> * {{cite web |title= Geneva Conventions 1949 Protocol I | ref = {{sfnref|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/assets/treaties/470-AP-I-EN.pdf |access-date = 28 May 2026 | website = [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} |title= Global Energy Review 2025 |url= https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 24 March 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Energy Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} |title=Glossary |url= https://www.usbr.gov/library/glossary/#archgravitydam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2022 |website = Reclamation Library |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} --> * {{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} |url=https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/system/files/engineering-heritage-australia/nomination-title/HRP.Gordon%20Dam.Nomination%20with%20Images.Nov%202000.pdf |title=Gordon Dam, Tasmania: Submission for an National Engineering Landmark |publisher=[[Engineers Australia]] |date=September 2000 |access-date=2 July 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}} |title=Grande Dixence | url= https://www.grande-dixence.ch/en/the-complex/dams/grande-dixence-78/ |access-date= 18 May 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Grande Dixence SA]] |publisher= }} * {{ cite web | title = Hydraulic Design of Spillways | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DkgsAAAAYAAJ | year= 1965 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Hydroelectric Power", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Power", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/science/hydroelectric-power |title = Hydroelectric Power |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 13 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"I-205 Abernethy Bridge". ''Oregon Department of Transportation''}} --> * {{Cite web |ref={{sfnRef|"I-205 Abernethy Bridge". ''Oregon Department of Transportation'' }} |url=https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |title=I-205 Abernethy Bridge |website=[[Oregon Department of Transportation]] |access-date=2 October 2025 |archive-date=25 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125051041/https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{ cite book | title =Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees: Engineering and Design | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA402883 | year= 1995 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Integrated Operation of Hydropower Stations and Reservoirs |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/173.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2022 |isbn= 9780367770051 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Multipurpose Water Storage |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/171.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781003640035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |isbn=978-1-884575-65-5 |url= https://damfailures.org/sites/default/files/wp-pdf/EQPerfo2_v3.pdf |title=Observed Performance of Dams During Earthquakes: Volume III |date= 2014 |publisher=[[United States Society on Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} |title= Planning and Design of Navigation Locks |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerManuals/EM_1110-2-2602.pdf |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 30 September 1995 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book | ref = {{sfnref|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Regulation of Dam Safety |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/167.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781032456058 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} --> * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} |title=Research with GDW Data |url= https://www.globaldamwatch.org/our-research |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= Global Dam Watch }} <!-- {{sfn|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Gorges-Dam |title = Three Gorges Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 15 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn| "Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} |title=Tracking Barriers and Their Impacts on European River Ecosystems |date = 8 Feb 2021 |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/water-use-and-environmental-pressures/tracking-barriers-and-their-impacts |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher= [[European Environment Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} |title=World Register of Dams: General Synthesis |url= https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/world_register/general_synthesis.asp |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= September 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/place/Zuiderzee |title = Zuiderzee |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 5 May 2026 }} --> <!-- SAVE THESE "FURTHER READING" SOURCES ... they may be needed if to implement suggestions from revivews (GA, PR, FA). === Further reading === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book | title =The History of Large Federal Dams: Planning, Design, and Construction | last = Billington |first= David P. |display-authors = etal | isbn= 9781493649044 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyoflargefe00bill | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bureau of Reclamation]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Arch Dam Design and Analysis |last = Boggs |first = Howard L. |display-authors=etal |pages= 493–539 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/493 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 647–685 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/647 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 704–721 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/704 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 0442243979 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Concrete Dams |last = Chopra |first = Anil K. |pages= 416–465 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/416 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Engineering and Ecological Aspects of Dam Removal: An Overview | last = Conyngham |first= J. |display-authors= etal | date = September 2006 | isbn= | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA464959 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Engineer Research and Development Center]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Large Dams: Learning from the Past Looking at the Future : Workshop Proceedings, Gland, Switzerland, April 11-12, 1997 | last = Dorcey |first= A.H.J. | isbn= 9780821340288 | url= https://archive.org/details/largedamslearnin0000unse | year= 1997 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Embankments |last = Duncan |first = James Michael |display-authors=etal |pages= 239–255 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/239 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =The Hydropolitics of Dams: Engineering or Ecosystems? | last = Everard |first= M. | isbn= 9781780325422 | url= https://archive.org/details/hydropoliticsofd0000ever | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Cofferdams |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |pages= 219–238 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/219 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 354–367 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/354 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Recovering a Lost River: Removing Dams, Rewilding Salmon, Revitalizing Communities | last = Hawley |first= S. | isbn= 9780807004739 | url= https://archive.org/details/recoveringlostri00hawl | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Beacon Press]] }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | title = Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply | place = London | publisher = Duckworth | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-7156-2194-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | editor-last = Wikander | editor-first = Örjan | editor-link = Örjan Wikander | contribution = Reservoirs and Dams | title = Handbook of Ancient Water Technology | series = Technology and Change in History | volume = 2 | year = 2000 | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden | isbn = 978-90-04-11123-3 | pages = 331–339 }} * {{ cite book | title =The Challenges of Dam Removal and River Restoration | editor-last = Jerome | editor-first= De Graff | isbn= 9780813741215 | url= https://archive.org/details/challengesofdamr0000unse | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Geological Society of America]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power | last = Khagram |first= Sanjeev | isbn= 9780801442285 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmentt0000sanj | year= 2004 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Cornell University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |title = Dams | last = Leliavsky |first= Serge | isbn= 0412225506 | url= https://archive.org/details/dams0000leli | year= 1981 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Chapman and Hall]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Deep Water: The Epic Struggle over Dams, Displaced People, and the Environment | last = Leslie |first= Jacques | isbn= 9780312425562 | url= https://archive.org/details/deepwaterepicstr00lesl | year= 2006 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Picador (imprint)|Picador]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Design and Construction |last = Lowe III |first = John |display-authors=etal |pages= 609–646 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/646 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Tidal Power |last = Nguyen |first = Josef |pages= 1247–1249 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofen0004unse_i8j9/page/1247 | title = Encyclopedia of Energy | editor-last = Pierce | editor-first= Morris | isbn= 9781587658532 | year= 2012 | access-date= 5 May 2026 | publisher= Salem Press }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams: Engineering in a Social and Environmental Context : Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the British Dam Society | editor-last = Pepper |editor-first= Andrew | isbn= 9780727757999 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsengineeringi0000brit | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[ICE Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Landslide Dams: Processes, Risk and Mitigation | editor-last = Schuster | editor-first= R.L. | isbn= 9780872625242 | url= https://archive.org/details/landslidedamspro0000unse | year= 1986 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title=Hydraulics of Dams and Reservoirs | last =Şentürk |first= Fuat | isbn=9780918334800 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqzZdytUz3gC | year=1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher=[[Water Resources Publications]] }} Also online at [https://archive.org/details/hydraulicsofdams0000sent Internet Archive] * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures | last = Tanchev |first= L. |edition=2nd | isbn= 9780203577059 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsappurtenanth0000tanc | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[CRC Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Development in China | last = Tilt |first= Bryan | isbn= 9780231538268 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmenti0000tilt | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[Columbia University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovative Solutions in Hydropower Engineering and Civil Engineering | last = Wang |first= S. |display-authors= etal | isbn= 9789819917488 | url= https://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-63612 | year= 2023 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer Nature]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dam Foundation Grouting | last =Weaver |first= K.D. | isbn= 9780872627925 | url= https://archive.org/details/damfoundationgro0000weav | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title = New Developments in Dam Engineering: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dam Engineering | editor-last = Wieland | editor-first= Martin | display-editors= etal | isbn= 0415362407 | url= https://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/handle/123456789/169 | year= 2004 | access-date= 4 May 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|A. A. Balkema{{snd}}Taylor & Francis]] }} Reprinted in 2014 with {{isbn|9780203020678}}. ==== Unkown author ==== *{{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Between Two Dams", ''EcoPeace ''}} |title=Between Two Dams: Degania and Alumot |publisher=[[EcoPeace Middle East]] |date= March 2018 |url= https://old.ecopeaceme.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Between-Two-Dams.pdf |access-date= 16 May 2026 }} * {{ cite book |title=Dams for Hydroelectric Energy |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/163.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9781138492035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url=https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/175.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9780367770310 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Surveillance Guide", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Surveillance Guide |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/158.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2018 |isbn= 9781138490208 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs | url= https://archive.org/details/earthquakeengine0000unse | isbn= 9780309043366 | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[National Academies Press]] }} * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Design Center", ''USACE''}} |title=Hydroelectric Design Center |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerRegulations/ER_10-1-53.pdf |access-date= 12 May 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} --> {{Geotechnical engineering}} {{Infrastructure}} {{Hydropower}} {{Subject bar|auto=yes|wikt=yes}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategorya:Civil engineering]] [[Kategorya:Dams| ]] [[Kategorya:Hydraulic structures]] [[Kategorya:Infrastructure]] [[Kategorya:Structural engineering]] [[en:Dam]] qhk5mx491ckgxgbbozf5wy88c7h665h 311129 311128 2026-10-01T04:28:48Z Ringer 55 311129 wikitext text/x-wiki === Embankment dam === {{main|Embankment dam}} {{multiple image | title= Embankment dams | caption_align=center | image1 = Embankment Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg | alt1 = A diagram illustrating the cross-section of a typical embankment dam. | caption1 = Many [[embankment dam]]s have a clay core and gradually sloping faces both upstream and downstream.<ref>{{Multiref <!-- |{{harvnb|Brown|2026|loc=§ "Embankment dams"}}. --> |{{harvnb|Schnitter|1994|p=168}}. |{{harvnb|Denny|2010| p= 188}}. }}</ref> | image2 = <!-- Una foto de la presa.jpg --> Misogawa Dam road survey.jpg | alt2 = A large rocky dam, with a reservoir behind it, and green hills in the background. | caption2 = [[Misogawa Dam]] in Japan is an [[embankment dam]]. }} === Gravity dam === {{main|Gravity dam}} {{multiple image <!-- | header = [[Buttress dam]] --> <!-- | width = 160 --> | title= Gravity dams | caption_align=center | image1 = Gravity Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg | alt1 = A diagram showing the cross-section of a typical gravity dam. | caption1 = A typical [[gravity dam]] has a nearly vertical upstream face, and a broad base.{{sfn|Schnitter|1994|pp=170–172}}{{efn|The "toe" of a dam is the bottom of the downstream face. The "heel" is the bottom of the upstream face.{{sfn|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} }} | image2 = Grande Dixence Staumauer.jpg <!-- Barrage de la Grande-Dixence.jpg --> | alt2 = A massive concrete dam with a reservoir behind it. | caption2 = [[Grande Dixence Dam]] in Switzerland is one of the [[List of tallest dams|world's tallest gravity dams]]. The people atop the dam's crest illustrate its size.{{sfn|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}}<!-- {{efn|[[Grande Dixence Dam]] is the world's tallest gravity dam as of 2025.}} --> }} === Buttress dam === {{main|Buttress dam}} {{multiple image | title= Buttress dams | caption_align=center | image1 = Buttress Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg | alt1 = A diagram showing the cross-section of a typical buttress dam. | caption1 = A [[buttress dam]] has an inclined upstream face supported by multiple buttresses.<ref name=Buttress/> | image2 = 040523-Latyan-IMG 8656-2.jpg | alt2 = A huge concrete dam with trees at its base. | caption2 = About 20 buttresses are visible in this photo of [[Latyan Dam|Latyan buttress dam]] in Iran.{{sfn|Scott|1968|p=353}} }} An '''sagop''' sarong estruktura na nagsasaray tubig o nag'uulang kan bulos o dalihig kaini. An mga sagop klasipikado sa apat na tugmad na klase: [[gravity dam]] iyo an malahiganteng estruktura gibo sa konkreto o semento na nagsasarig sa gabat kaini ngani mabangga an pwersa kan tinambak na tubig; [[embankment dam]] [[Dagang tinambak (engineering)|earthworks]] ginigibo sa pagtipon nin kagagapoan, dalipay, baybay, daga, o graba; [[buttress dam]]ginigibo paagi nin anhay, konkretong sementong suportado sa ibabang bulos nin serye ninb mga triangular na [[sangki']]; asin an [[arch dam]]s nagamit nin binalod na konkretong lanob ngani mapalis an gabat kan tubig sa magkataraid asin nakapalibot na nag'uulang na daga'. An mga sagop tuyong ginigibo bilang [[irigasyon]], [[hydropower]], [[kuanan tubig]], [[pagkontrol sa baha]], [[Lista nin isports sa tubigt|rekreasyon]], [[inland navigation]], asin [[pagsisira']]. An irigasyn kritikal na aplikayon nin sagop: mga 20% kan mga dagang tatamnan nin kinaban may patubig naghahale sa mga [[reserba] natipon kan mga sagop. An mmga sagop nagmumukna nin pwersa sa tubig (hydropower), nagtatao nin malinig asin danay na pagkukuan elektrisidad, asin nagwawaras nin tubig sa pnagangaipo sa harong asin sa industriyal na gamit.<!-- Dams that support flood management reduce downstream water levels to a safe limit.--> An haloyan nang sagop iyo an [[Jawa Dam (Jordan)|Jawa Dam]] sa modernong [[Jordan]], hinaman kan 3000{{nbsp}}BCE. An [[Hittites|Imperyong Hittite]] nagtugdok magkapirang sagop sa modernong Turkey pag'ultan nin ika-17 asin ika-19 siglo BCE. Sa kan ika-1 na siglo CE, an [[Imperyong Romano]] naghimong makagibo nin inapod na gravity dams{{snd}} na tipikal igwang patindog na ulang sa pairaya asin pailawod na sapa.. Kan [[medieval Europe]], dan mga sagop nagdadamot nin tubig pagtaong pwersa sa paitok na ruweda para sa molino asin pagmimina. An proseso nin pagdesenyo nin mga sagop naghihira na kan mga huring panahon nin ika-18ng siglo hale sa impormal na praktis paqsiring sa disiplina nin inhenyero nakabatay na syensia. Kan ika-20ng siglo, gibo kan madalian nang makakua nin konkreto asin an pagtunga kan mga kaminaryang darakula na pangkonstruksyon, dakulon nang mga proyekto nin mga darakulang sagop an nahahaman sa bilog na ikinaban.<!-- Organized opposition to dam projects emerged in the modern era, focused on environmental and social impacts such as loss of plant and animal habitat, reduced water and sediment flow, degraded landscape aesthetics, submergence of cultural sites, and forced relocation of human populations.--> An barang-barang na parte kan sagop iyo an balagbag na nagpupugol sa tubig, alagad kadaklan kan mga sagop igwang mga dugan na estruktura na may important pungsyon. Pag an sagop binabagat an bulos nin salog, mga [[Lock (water navigation)|barat]] nakakaag na sa proyekto ngani an mga bapor makalagbas. [[Mga hagahag para sa sira]] ikinakaag man ngani an mga sira makapa-iraya. [[Ulaan]] parati kairiba sa desenyo ta anoman na su'pay o sulwak magbulos sana pailawod ta kun dai, pwedeng magdulot nin pagbabaha sa mga palibot na katatamnan asin estaran. Mga ihian nin sagop kinakaag ngani an deposito mapatete' sa paglinig kan mga natipon na tundag marokamok. An ssagop pwede man rangkahon asin haleon huli sa magkapirang rason: kun ini nagdadarang peligro sa buhay, kun ini dai naman kaipohan, ngani maibalik an ruta kan migrasyn nin mga sira, o ngani maparahay an salud kan pailawod na mga sapa paagi kan dagdag na bulos kan marokamok. An mga sagop may okasyon man na nabagsak na naresulta sa makuring pagbaha asin pagkautas nin buhay. Dakul na prinsipyo sa pagdesenyo nin ligtas na sagop nano'dan huli kaini.<!-- Dams can fail for many reasons: earthquakes, weak rocks at the [[abutment]]s, water leaking within or under the dam, or the dam sliding over its [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]].--> ==Toltolan== === Footnotes === {{notelist}} === Citations === {{reflist}} === Sources === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book |chapter= Geology |last = Arnold |first = Arthur B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 106–152 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/106 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Baker|2003|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Beaver (''Castor Canadensis'') |last = Baker |first = B. W. |display-authors=etal |pages= 288–310 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/wildmammalsofnor0000unse_f5o3/page/288 | title = Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics | editor-last = Chapman | editor-first= J.A | isbn= 9780801874161 | year= 2003 | access-date= 8 June 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Reference Guide to Famous Engineering Landmarks of the World | last = Berlow | first= L.H. | isbn= 9780897749664 | url= https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto0000berl | year= 1998 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Academic]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Blight|Jewell|1998|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |last1=Blight |first1=Geoffrey E. |author-link1 = Geoffrey Eustace Blight |last2=Jewell |first2= Richard J. |display-authors= etal |title=Case Studies on Tailings Management |year=1998 |publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]{{snd}}International Council on Metals and the Environment |isbn=9781895720297 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_189572029x |access-date= 8 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bolt|1988|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Seismology |last = Bolt |first = Bruce A. |author-link=Bruce Bolt |pages= 153–171 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/153 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Breeze|2014|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Power Generation Technologies | last = Breeze | first= Paul | edition = 2nd | isbn= 9780080983363 | url= https://archive.org/details/powergenerationt0000bree_y7o0 | year= 2014 | access-date= 20 May 2026 | publisher= [[George Newnes Ltd]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Bunbury |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Egyptian Nile |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Judith |last1=Bunbury |display-authors=etal |pages=43–78 |author-link=Judith Bunbury |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Cao |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The River/Lake Chief System in China: A New Policy to Improve Environmental Quality in Hydrosystems |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Yixin |last1=Cao |display-authors=etal |pages= 853–874 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Instrumentation |last = Carpenter |first = Lynn R. |display-authors=etal |pages= 751–776 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/751 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Hydrology |last = Cecilio |first = Catalino B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 60–105 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/60 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{Sfn|Chellaney|2015|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis | last = Chellaney |first= B. |author-link = Brahma Chellaney | year = 2015 | isbn=9781442249288 | url= https://archive.org/details/waterpeacewarcon0000chel | access-date= 16 May 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=The Nile |first1= Robert |last1= Collins | author-link= Robert O. Collins | isbn= 9780300097641 | year= 2002 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe | publisher= [[Yale University Press]] | access-date= 16 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Corns|1988 |pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Gravity Dam Design and Analysis |last = Corns |first = Charles F. |display-authors=etal |pages= 466–492 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/466 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Cray|2004 |pp=?? }} --> * {{cite book |first=Ed |last=Cray |author-link = Ed Cray |date=2004 |title=Ramblin Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie |url=https://archive.org/details/ramblinman00edcr |access-date= 19 May 2026 |publisher= [[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=9780393047592 }} <!-- {{sfn|Creager|1917|pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book | title = Engineering for Masonry Dams | last = Creager | first= W.P. | lccn=17017759 | url= https://archive.org/details/engineeringform02creagoog | year= 1917 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[J. Wiley & Sons]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Super Structures: The Science of Bridges, Buildings, Dams, and Other Feats of Engineering | last = Denny |first= Mark | isbn= 9780801894367 | url= https://archive.org/details/superstructuress0000denn | year= 2010 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Materials |last = Dolen |first = Timothy P. |display-authors=etal |pages= 172–218 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/172 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Surveillance |last = Duscha |first = Lloyd A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 777–797 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/777 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Evans|2011|pp=??}} --> <!-- PReface pp ix-xii covers Eerything; Chap 1 pp 1-6 Rockslide; Chap 21 pp 519-525 Lava & Volc dams; ch 25(p 595-600) & Ch 26 (p 617-625) Man-made blast-fill dams (? only Russia and Khyrgistan? --> * {{ cite book | title = Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams | editor-last = Evans | editor-first= S.G. | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9783642047633 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zDK85Mqz_YAC | year= 2011 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Geotechnical Engineering of Dams | last = Fell |first= Robin |display-authors= etal |edition = Second | isbn= 9781138000087 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vpCZBQAAQBAJ | year= 2014 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} First edition (2005) online in Internet Archive. * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 321–353 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/321 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gerwick|2014|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Bridge Engineering Handbook. Vol 5. Construction and Maintenance |edition = Second |first = Ben |last = Gerwick |chapter = Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges |pages = 137–174 |editor-last1 = Chen |editor-first1 = Wai-Fah |editor-last2 = Duan |editor-first2 = Lian |isbn = 9781439852330 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BCeOAgAAQBAJ |access-date = 31 October 2025 |year = 2014 |publisher = [[CRC Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gulliver |1991|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Hydropower Engineering Handbook |first = John |last = Gulliver |display-authors=etal |isbn = 9780070251939 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNdSAAAAMAAJ |access-date = 3 July 2026 |year = 1991 |publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Reservoirs |last = James |first = Laurence |pages= 722–750 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/722 | year= 1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Lessons from Notable Events |last = James |first = Laurence B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 8–59 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/8 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Introduction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |pages= 1–7 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/1 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 256–320 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/256 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Design and Construction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 686–703 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/686 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Kitchen|2016|p=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = River Weirs: Design, Maintenance, Modification and Removal | last = Kitchen |first= Amanda |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9780860177784 | url= https://archive.org/details/c-763-river-weirs.-design-maintenance-modification-and-removal-web-1 | year= 2016 | access-date= 8 May 2026 | publisher= Construction Industry Research and Information Association }} <!-- {{sfn|Lemperiere|2006|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | chapter = The Role of Dams in the XXI Century to Achieve a Sustainable Development Target | pages= 1065–1072 | first= F. | last= Lemperiere | display-authors= etal | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirsso0002inte/page/1065 | title = Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century | volume = 2 | editor-last = Berga | editor-first= Luis | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9781134138500 | year= 2006 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 388–408 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/388 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Mariano |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter= Nature-Human-River Relationships at the Ebro River and its Delta |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1= Mercè |last1= Mariano |display-authors=etal |pages=745–782 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Pelikan|1997|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Fish Bypass Channels |last = Pelikan |first = B. |pages= 61–66 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/hydropower97proc0000inte/page/60/mode/2up?q=Pelikan | title = Hydropower '97: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Hydropower | editor-last = Broch | editor-first= E. | isbn= 9054108886 | year= 1997 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Design, Safety and Operation of Dams | last = Schleiss |first= A.J. |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9782889149957 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VP1O0AEACAAJ | year= 2022 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] }} * {{ cite book | title =A History of Dams: The Useful Pyramids | last = Schnitter |first= N. | isbn= 9789054101499 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyofdamsuse0000schn_g8y9 | year= 1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Concrete Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Schrader |first = Ernest K. |display-authors=etal |pages= 540–577 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/540 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Reservoirs: Planning and Engineering | last = Siddiqui |first= I.H. | isbn= 9780195475852 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirspl0000sidd | year= 2009 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Smith|1975|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title= Man and Water: A History of Hydro-technology | last = Smith |first= Norman | isbn= 0684145227 | url= https://archive.org/details/manwaterhistory00smit | year= 1975 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[Charles Scribner's Sons]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Taïbi|2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Senegal River, a Disturbed Lifeline in the Sahel |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Aude |last1=Taïbi |display-authors=etal |pages=79–114 |author-link= |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book | title =Dam | last = Turpin |first= Trevor | isbn= 9781861893284 | url= https://archive.org/details/dam0000turp | year= 2008 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Reaktion Books]] }} ==== Journals, news, and websites ==== <!-- * {{cite journal |title= |first= |last= |display-authors=etal |journal= |publisher= |year= |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023|p=??}} --> *{{cite journal |last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |display-authors= etal |title=Popular Culture and Nile Hydropolitics: Amharic Songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam |journal=International Journal of Water Governance |publisher = [[Delft University of Technology]] |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free | issn = 2211-4505 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bellmore|2017|p=??}} --> *{{Cite journal |last1=Bellmore |first1=J. R. |display-authors=etal |year=2017 |orig-year=2016 |title=Status and Trends of Dam Removal Research in the United States |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wat2.1164 |journal=[[WIREs Water]] |publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |access-date= 22 May 2026 |volume=4 |issue=2 |article-number=e1164 |doi=10.1002/wat2.1164 |issn=2049-1948 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Boulange|2021|loc=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Role of Dams in Reducing Global Flood Exposure Under Climate Change |first= Julien |last= Boulange |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Communications]] |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2021 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |article-number= 417 |issn= 2041-1723 |doi= 10.1038/s41467-020-20704-0 |doi-access= free|pmc= 7814128 }} <!-- * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering |title = Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = John Guthrie | last = Brown |display-authors = etal | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} --> * {{ cite web |url = https://web.itu.edu.tr/~bulu/water_resources_files/lecture_notes_04.pdf |title = Water Resources: Lecture Notes IV |publisher = [[Istanbul Technical University]] |year= <!-- unknown --> | first = Atil | last = Bulu | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Chanson |1998|p=? }} --> * {{cite journal |title= Extreme Reservoir Sedimentation in Australia |first= Hubert |last= Chanson |journal= International Journal of Sediment Research |publisher= International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation |year= 1998 |volume= 13 |issue= 3 |pages= 55–63 |issn= 1001-6279 |doi= |url= https://staff.civil.uq.edu.au/h.chanson/reprints/ijrs_98.pdf |access-date= 8 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Costa|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Local Economic Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants: Evidence from Brazil |first= Francisco |last= Costa |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Economía LACEA Journal]] |publisher= [[Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association]] |year= 2025 |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |pages=105–123 |issn= 1533-6239 |doi= 10.31389/eco.466 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|El-Askary|2026}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The World's Largest Saddle Dam at Risk |first= Hesham |last= El-Askary |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2026 |volume= 135 |issue= |article-number = 106045 |issn= 2212-4209 |doi= 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106045 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420926000579 |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Fowkes|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Mega-Dams In the Hydrologics of the Socialist Anthropocene |first= Maja |last= Fowkes |display-authors=etal |journal= ARTMargins |publisher= [[The MIT Press]] |year= 2025 |volume= 14 |issue= 2 |pages=11–38 |issn= 2162-2574 |doi= 10.1162/artm_a_00411 |url= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/973802. |access-date= 21 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Ghiasi | 2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title = Estimating the Volume of Evaporation from the Main Dams of Iran |first= Behzad |last= Ghiasi |display-authors=etal |journal= Results in Engineering |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2025 |volume= 27 |issue= |article-number= 107057 |issn= 2590-1230 |doi= 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107057 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025031135 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Graves | 2016}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Buhen: A Site Submerged |first= Carl |last= Graves | url= https://www.ees.ac.uk/resource/buhen--a-site-submerged.html |date = 29 Aug 2016 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website = [[Egypt Exploration Society]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Gyau-Boakye|2001}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Environmental Impacts of the Akosombo Dam and Effects of Climate Change on the Lake Levels |first= P. |last= Gyau-Boakye |journal= Environment, Development and Sustainability |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2001 |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–29 |issn= 1573-2975 |doi= 10.1023/A:1011402116047 |url= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011402116047 |access-date= 14 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Horn|2014}} --> * {{cite news |title=Patagonia's New Line of Activism Is Documentary 'DamNation' |first= John |last= Horn |newspaper = [[Los Angeles Times]] <!-- |issn = 2165-1736 --> |publisher= |date= 1 May 2014 |url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-backstage-hollywood-patagonia-damnation-20140501-story.html |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Huang|2024}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Dams Trigger Exponential Population Declines of Migratory Fish |first= Zhenli |last= Huang |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Science Advances]] |publisher= [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |year= 2024 |volume= 10 |issue= 19 |article-number=eadi6580 |issn= 2375-2548 |doi= 10.1126/sciadv.adi6580 }} <!-- {{sfn|Jeuland|2020}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The Economics of Dams |first= Marc |last= Jeuland |journal= [[Oxford Review of Economic Policy]] |year=2020 |volume= 36 |issue= 1 |pages=45–68 |issn= 0266-903X |doi= 10.1093/oxrep/grz028 |url= https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-pdf/36/1/45/31709532/grz028.pdf |access-date= 2 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Kakoyannis | 2002}} --> * {{cite report |title=Assessing and Evaluating Recreational Uses of Water Resources: Implications for an Integrated Management Framework |first= Christina |last= Kakoyannis |display-authors=etal |journal= PNW-GTR-536 |publisher= [[US Department of Agriculture]] |year= 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= 10.2737/pnw-gtr-536 |url= https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/4826.pdf |access-date= 5 July 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Kayiranga|2024|p=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Anthropogenic activities and the influence of desertification processes on the water cycle and water use in the Aral Sea basin |first= Alphonse |last= Kayiranga |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2024 |volume= 51 |issue= |article-number =101598 |issn= 2214-5818 |doi= 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101598 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581823002859 |access-date= 9 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Keijzer|2024}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Threats of Dams to the Persistence of the World's Freshwater Fishes |first= Tamara |last= Keijzer |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Global Change Biology]] |publisher= [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |year= 2024 |volume= 30 |issue= 2 |article-number= e17166 |issn= 1365-2486 |doi= 10.1111/gcb.17166 |url= https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fgcb.17166 |access-date= 4 July 2026 |hdl= 2066/304250 |hdl-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Krol |2024}} --> * {{cite news |last=Krol |first=Debra |date=September 2, 2024 |title=Largest Dam Removal Project in US: Klamath River Flows Freely |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/09/02/klamath-river-four-dams-demolished/75044231007/ |access-date= 22 May 2026 |newspaper=[[USA TODAY]] <!-- |issn=0734-7456 --> }} <!-- {{sfn|Kumar|2026}} * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akosombo-Dam |title = Akosombo Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = Aman | last = Kumar |display-authors = etal | access-date= 15 June 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Lad|2024}} * {{cite journal |title=India and the Ganga Waters Treaty: Analysis of the Water Sharing Mechanism |first= Rahul |last= Lad |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Studies (journal)|International Studies]] |publisher = [[SAGE Publications]] |year= 2024 |volume= 61 |issue= 2 |pages=185–202 |issn= 0020-8817 |doi= 10.1177/00208817241285256 |url= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00208817241285256 |access-date= 18 May 2026 |url-access= subscription }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Larsen |2021}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Dam Builders and Their Works: Beaver Influences on the Structure and Function of River Corridor Hydrology, Geomorphology, Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems |first= Annegret |last= Larsen |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Earth-Science Reviews]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2021 |volume= 218 |issue= |article-number=103623 |issn= 0012-8252 |doi= 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103623 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825221001239 |access-date= 9 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Lehner|2011}} --> * {{cite journal |title=High-Resolution Mapping of the World's Reservoirs and Dams for Sustainable River-Flow Management |first= Bernhard |last= Lehner |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] |publisher= [[Ecological Society of America]] |year= 2011 |volume= 9 |issue= 9 |pages=494–502 |issn= 1540-9295 |doi= 10.1890/100125 |url= https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/100125 |access-date= 30 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Lichtenstein |1976 }} --> * {{cite news |last1=Lichtenstein |first1=Grace |date=20 January 1976 |title=Edward Abbey, Voice of Southwest Wilds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/20/archives/edward-abbey-voice-of-southwest-wilds.html |access-date= 17 May 2026 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Liu|2010}} * {{cite journal |title= Laboratory Test and Numerical Simulation of Time-Dependent Thermomechanical Behavior of the Three-Gorges Dam |first= Jian |last= Liu |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering]] |publisher= |year= 2010 |volume= 22 |issue= 2 |pages=111-123 |issn= |doi= 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2010)22:2(111) |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Liu|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Biodiversity Decline of Fish Assemblages After the Impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam in the Yangtze River Basin, China |first= Xiongjun |last= Liu |display-authors=etal |journal= Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |year= 2019 |volume= 29 |issue= 1 |pages=177–195 |issn= 1573-5184 |doi= 10.1007/s11160-019-09548-0 |url= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-019-09548-0 |access-date= 21 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn| Mácová|2023 }} * {{cite journal |title= How Important for Society Is Recreation Provided by Multi-Purpose Water Reservoirs? Welfare Analysis of the Vltava River Reservoir System |first= Kateřina |last= Mácová |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Water (journal)|Water]] |publisher= |year= 2023 |volume= 15 |issue= 10 |article-number= 1966 |issn= 2073-4441 |doi= 10.3390/w15101966 |doi-access= free|url= https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1966 |access-date= 5 July 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Marchetti|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |last = Marchetti |first= Nicolò |display-authors=etal | title = A Multi-scalar Approach for Assessing the Impact of Dams on the Cultural Heritage in the Middle East and North Africa | journal = [[Journal of Cultural Heritage]] | publisher = [[Elsevier]] | volume = 37 | pages = 17–28 | year = 2019 | issn = 1296-2074 | doi = 10.1016/j.culher.2018.10.007 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207418305569 | access-date= 26 May 2026 | url-access = subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|McSweeney|2023}} --> * {{Cite web |title=Rewilding Europe's Rivers with Dam Removal Boosts Biodiversity, Economy |first=Catherine |last=McSweeney | url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/rivers-biodiversity-dam-removal-award |date = 1 September 2023 |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher=[[European Investment Bank]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Morison|2023}} --> * {{cite journal |last1=Morison |first1=Conner A. G. |display-authors=etal |author-link2=Catherine Hickson |title=Mount Garibaldi: Hazard Potential from a Long-Dormant Volcanic System in the Pacific Northwest |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences]] |publisher=[[Canadian Science Publishing]] |pages=464–484|volume=60 |issue=5 |year=2023 |doi=10.1139/cjes-2022-0067 |issn=0008-4077 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|Niranjan|2026 }} --> * {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/may/21/record-number-of-dams-dismantled-in-europe-in-effort-to-help-wildlife-thrive |title=Record Number of Dams Dismantled in Europe in Effort to Help Wildlife Thrive |first=Ajit |last= Niranjan |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] <!-- |issn = 1756-3224 --> |date= 21 May 2026 |access-date = 22 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Onder|Yilmaz|2005}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Underground Dams: A Tool of Sustainable Development and Management of Ground Resources |last1= Onder |first1=H. |last2=Yilmaz |first2=M. |journal= European Water |publisher= European Water Resources Association |year= 2005 |volume= 11 |issue= 12 |pages=35–45 |issn= 1105-7580 |doi= |url= http://www.ewra.net/ew/pdf/EW_2005_11-12_05.pdf |access-date= 9 May 2026 }} Author M. Yilmaz wrote a 2003 Masters thesis with additional detail and history on underground dams. * {{cite journal |title=The Return of Large Dams to the Development Agenda: A Post-Development Critique |first= Scott W.D. |last= Pearse-Smith |display-authors=etal |journal= Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development |publisher= [[Columbia University Libraries]] |date = Feb 2014 |volume= 11 |issue= 11 |pages= 123–131 |issn= 2333-9705 |doi= |jstor= 26188733 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/26188733 |access-date= }} <!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --> * {{Cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Amit |date=2024 |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Dispute: Implications, Negotiations, And Mediations |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |journal=[[Journal of Contemporary African Studies]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |issn=0258-9001 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{Sfn|Ritchie|2018}} --> * {{Cite journal |last1=Ritchie |first1=A. C. |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=Morphodynamic Evolution Following Sediment Release from the World's Largest Dam Removal |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher= [[National Library of Medicine]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=13279 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-30817-8 |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6125403 }} <!-- {{sfn|Ritchie|2025}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Renewable Energy |first= Hannah |last= Ritchie |author-link =Hannah Ritchie |display-authors=etal | url= https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy |date = 2025 |access-date= 14 June 2026 |website= [[Our World in Data]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Scott|1968}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Farahnaz Pahlavi Dam at Layiyan |first= K. F. |last= Scott |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers]] |publisher= [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] |year= 1968 |volume= 39 |issue= 3 |pages=353–395 |issn= 1753-7789 |doi= 10.1680/iicep.1968.8072 |url= https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1968.8072 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Sutor|2018}} --> * {{cite news |last=Sutor |first = Dave |title=Johnstown Flood: McCullough's 'Lucky Break' Launched Career |url= https://apnews.com/general-news-4f60b21dca89430c9f9e055a3cd7b70a |access-date=16 May 2026 |newspaper = [[AP News]] |date=March 24, 2018 }} * {{cite journal |title=Challenges and Opportunities for the Governance of Hydropower |first= Sergio |last= Villamayor-Tomas |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Sustainability]] |publisher= [[Nature Portfolio]] |year= 2026 |volume= 9 |issue= 5 |pages=653–663 |issn= 2398-9629 |doi= 10.1038/s41893-026-01782-2 |url= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-026-01782-2 |access-date= 25 April 2026 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Vogt|2019}} --> * {{cite journal |title= The Afsluitdijk as a Complex System |first= Berber |last= Vogt |journal= Insight |publisher= [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] |year= 2019 |volume= 22 |issue= 1 |pages = 32–36 |issn= 2156-485X |doi= 10.1002/inst.12235 |url= https://incose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/inst.12235 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Watts|2019}} --> * {{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/feb/25/concrete-the-most-destructive-material-on-earth |title=Concrete: the Most Destructive Material on Earth |first= Jonathan |last= Watts |author-link = Jonathan Watts |newspaper = [[The Guardian]] <!-- |issn = 1756-3224 --> |date= 25 February 2019 |access-date = 31 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Wieland|2023}} --> * {{cite magazine |title= Comparing Vulnerabilities of CFRDs and ECRDs |first= Martin |last= Wieland |magazine= International Water Power & Dam Construction |publisher= [[Wilmington plc]] |date = 15 September 2023 |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= 0306-400X |doi= |url= https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/analysis/comparing-vulnerabilities-of-cfrds-and-ecrds-11150911/ |access-date= 31 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Zafarnejad|2009 }} --> * {{cite journal |title=The Contribution of Dams to Iran's Desertification |first= Fatemeh |last= Zafarnejad |display-authors=etal |journal= International Journal of Environmental Studies |publisher= [[Routledge]] |year= 2009 |volume= 66 |issue= 3 |pages=327–341 |issn= 0020-7233 |doi= 10.1080/00207230902798648 |url= https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207230902798648 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |url-access= subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Zhang|2020}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Extinction of One of the World's Largest Freshwater Fishes: Lessons for Conserving the Endangered Yangtze Fauna |first= Hui |last= Zhang |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Science of the Total Environment]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2020 |volume= 710 |issue= |article-number= 136242 |issn= 0048-9697 |doi= 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136242 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719362382 |access-date= 21 June 2026 |url-access= subscription }} ==== Unknown author ==== <!-- {{sfn|" ", '' ''}} --> <!-- * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|" ", '' ''}} |title= |url= |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= |website = |publisher= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"Bombs Away", ''The Guardian''}} --> * {{Cite news | ref = {{sfnref|"Bombs Away", ''The Guardian''}} |title=Bombs Away |url= https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/may/06/artsfeatures |access-date= 15 May 2026 |date= 6 May 2003 |newspaper= [[The Guardian]] | issn = 1756-3224 |publisher= }} <!-- {{sfn|"China's Three Gorges Dam", ''BBC''}} --> *{{Cite news | ref = {{sfnref|"China's Three Gorges Dam", ''BBC''}} |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-10695272 |access-date= 5 May 2026 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=China's Three Gorges Dam Faces Flood Test |date=20 July 2010 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet", ''NRMCA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet", ''NRMCA''}} |title=Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet |url= https://www.greenconcrete.info/downloads/11_ConcreteCO2.pdf |access-date= 20 May 2026 |date= June 2008 |website = |publisher= [[National Ready Mixed Concrete Association]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Collins English Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam", ''Collins English Dictionary''}} |title=Dam |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/dam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher= [[HarperCollins]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary''}} * {{Cite book |ref={{sfnRef|"Dam", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary ''}} |year=2001 |chapter=Dam |title=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic0000unse_t1j9/page/361 |access-date=27 December 2025 |pages=361 |isbn=0198604386 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam", ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''}} |title=Dam |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dam |access-date= 22 June 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]] |publisher= [[Merriam-Webster]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam", ''Oxford English Dictionary''}} --> * {{Cite book |ref={{sfnRef|"Dam", ''Oxford English Dictionary''}} |year=2026 |chapter=Dam |title=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter-url= https://www.oed.com/dictionary/dam_n1 |access-date=22 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam Failure Compilation", ''Bureau of Reclamation''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Failure Compilation", ''Bureau of Reclamation''}} |title= Dam Failure and Flood Event Case History Compilation |url= https://www.usbr.gov/ssle/damsafety/documents/RCEM-CaseHistories2015.pdf |access-date= 12 July 2026 |date= June 2015 |website = |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|" Dam Inspection and Plan Review", ''MSHA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|" Dam Inspection and Plan Review", ''MSHA''}} |title=Dam Inspection and Plan Review (PH21-V-6) |url= https://arlweb.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/PH21-V-6.pdf |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2021 | series=MSHA Handbook Series |website = [[Mine Safety and Health Administration]] |publisher= [[U.S. Department of Labor]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/154.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2011 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} --> * {{cite web |title= Geneva Conventions 1949 Protocol I | ref = {{sfnref|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/assets/treaties/470-AP-I-EN.pdf |access-date = 28 May 2026 | website = [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} |title= Global Energy Review 2025 |url= https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 24 March 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Energy Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} |title=Glossary |url= https://www.usbr.gov/library/glossary/#archgravitydam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2022 |website = Reclamation Library |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} --> * {{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} |url=https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/system/files/engineering-heritage-australia/nomination-title/HRP.Gordon%20Dam.Nomination%20with%20Images.Nov%202000.pdf |title=Gordon Dam, Tasmania: Submission for an National Engineering Landmark |publisher=[[Engineers Australia]] |date=September 2000 |access-date=2 July 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}} |title=Grande Dixence | url= https://www.grande-dixence.ch/en/the-complex/dams/grande-dixence-78/ |access-date= 18 May 2026 |date= 2026 |website = [[Grande Dixence SA]] |publisher= }} * {{ cite web | title = Hydraulic Design of Spillways | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DkgsAAAAYAAJ | year= 1965 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Hydroelectric Power", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Power", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/science/hydroelectric-power |title = Hydroelectric Power |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 13 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn|"I-205 Abernethy Bridge". ''Oregon Department of Transportation''}} --> * {{Cite web |ref={{sfnRef|"I-205 Abernethy Bridge". ''Oregon Department of Transportation'' }} |url=https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |title=I-205 Abernethy Bridge |website=[[Oregon Department of Transportation]] |access-date=2 October 2025 |archive-date=25 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125051041/https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{ cite book | title =Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees: Engineering and Design | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA402883 | year= 1995 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Integrated Operation of Hydropower Stations and Reservoirs |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/173.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2022 |isbn= 9780367770051 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Multipurpose Water Storage |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/171.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781003640035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |isbn=978-1-884575-65-5 |url= https://damfailures.org/sites/default/files/wp-pdf/EQPerfo2_v3.pdf |title=Observed Performance of Dams During Earthquakes: Volume III |date= 2014 |publisher=[[United States Society on Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} |title= Planning and Design of Navigation Locks |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerManuals/EM_1110-2-2602.pdf |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 30 September 1995 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book | ref = {{sfnref|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Regulation of Dam Safety |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/167.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781032456058 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} --> * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} |title=Research with GDW Data |url= https://www.globaldamwatch.org/our-research |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= Global Dam Watch }} <!-- {{sfn|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Gorges-Dam |title = Three Gorges Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 15 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn| "Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} |title=Tracking Barriers and Their Impacts on European River Ecosystems |date = 8 Feb 2021 |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/water-use-and-environmental-pressures/tracking-barriers-and-their-impacts |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher= [[European Environment Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} |title=World Register of Dams: General Synthesis |url= https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/world_register/general_synthesis.asp |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= September 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/place/Zuiderzee |title = Zuiderzee |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 5 May 2026 }} --> <!-- SAVE THESE "FURTHER READING" SOURCES ... they may be needed if to implement suggestions from revivews (GA, PR, FA). === Further reading === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book | title =The History of Large Federal Dams: Planning, Design, and Construction | last = Billington |first= David P. |display-authors = etal | isbn= 9781493649044 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyoflargefe00bill | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bureau of Reclamation]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Arch Dam Design and Analysis |last = Boggs |first = Howard L. |display-authors=etal |pages= 493–539 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/493 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 647–685 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/647 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 704–721 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/704 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 0442243979 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Concrete Dams |last = Chopra |first = Anil K. |pages= 416–465 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/416 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Engineering and Ecological Aspects of Dam Removal: An Overview | last = Conyngham |first= J. |display-authors= etal | date = September 2006 | isbn= | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA464959 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Engineer Research and Development Center]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Large Dams: Learning from the Past Looking at the Future : Workshop Proceedings, Gland, Switzerland, April 11-12, 1997 | last = Dorcey |first= A.H.J. | isbn= 9780821340288 | url= https://archive.org/details/largedamslearnin0000unse | year= 1997 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Embankments |last = Duncan |first = James Michael |display-authors=etal |pages= 239–255 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/239 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =The Hydropolitics of Dams: Engineering or Ecosystems? | last = Everard |first= M. | isbn= 9781780325422 | url= https://archive.org/details/hydropoliticsofd0000ever | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Cofferdams |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |pages= 219–238 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/219 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 354–367 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/354 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Recovering a Lost River: Removing Dams, Rewilding Salmon, Revitalizing Communities | last = Hawley |first= S. | isbn= 9780807004739 | url= https://archive.org/details/recoveringlostri00hawl | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Beacon Press]] }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | title = Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply | place = London | publisher = Duckworth | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-7156-2194-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | editor-last = Wikander | editor-first = Örjan | editor-link = Örjan Wikander | contribution = Reservoirs and Dams | title = Handbook of Ancient Water Technology | series = Technology and Change in History | volume = 2 | year = 2000 | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden | isbn = 978-90-04-11123-3 | pages = 331–339 }} * {{ cite book | title =The Challenges of Dam Removal and River Restoration | editor-last = Jerome | editor-first= De Graff | isbn= 9780813741215 | url= https://archive.org/details/challengesofdamr0000unse | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Geological Society of America]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power | last = Khagram |first= Sanjeev | isbn= 9780801442285 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmentt0000sanj | year= 2004 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Cornell University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |title = Dams | last = Leliavsky |first= Serge | isbn= 0412225506 | url= https://archive.org/details/dams0000leli | year= 1981 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Chapman and Hall]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Deep Water: The Epic Struggle over Dams, Displaced People, and the Environment | last = Leslie |first= Jacques | isbn= 9780312425562 | url= https://archive.org/details/deepwaterepicstr00lesl | year= 2006 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Picador (imprint)|Picador]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Design and Construction |last = Lowe III |first = John |display-authors=etal |pages= 609–646 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/646 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Tidal Power |last = Nguyen |first = Josef |pages= 1247–1249 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofen0004unse_i8j9/page/1247 | title = Encyclopedia of Energy | editor-last = Pierce | editor-first= Morris | isbn= 9781587658532 | year= 2012 | access-date= 5 May 2026 | publisher= Salem Press }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams: Engineering in a Social and Environmental Context : Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the British Dam Society | editor-last = Pepper |editor-first= Andrew | isbn= 9780727757999 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsengineeringi0000brit | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[ICE Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Landslide Dams: Processes, Risk and Mitigation | editor-last = Schuster | editor-first= R.L. | isbn= 9780872625242 | url= https://archive.org/details/landslidedamspro0000unse | year= 1986 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title=Hydraulics of Dams and Reservoirs | last =Şentürk |first= Fuat | isbn=9780918334800 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqzZdytUz3gC | year=1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher=[[Water Resources Publications]] }} Also online at [https://archive.org/details/hydraulicsofdams0000sent Internet Archive] * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures | last = Tanchev |first= L. |edition=2nd | isbn= 9780203577059 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsappurtenanth0000tanc | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[CRC Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Development in China | last = Tilt |first= Bryan | isbn= 9780231538268 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmenti0000tilt | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[Columbia University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovative Solutions in Hydropower Engineering and Civil Engineering | last = Wang |first= S. |display-authors= etal | isbn= 9789819917488 | url= https://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-63612 | year= 2023 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer Nature]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dam Foundation Grouting | last =Weaver |first= K.D. | isbn= 9780872627925 | url= https://archive.org/details/damfoundationgro0000weav | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title = New Developments in Dam Engineering: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dam Engineering | editor-last = Wieland | editor-first= Martin | display-editors= etal | isbn= 0415362407 | url= https://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/handle/123456789/169 | year= 2004 | access-date= 4 May 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|A. A. Balkema{{snd}}Taylor & Francis]] }} Reprinted in 2014 with {{isbn|9780203020678}}. ==== Unkown author ==== *{{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Between Two Dams", ''EcoPeace ''}} |title=Between Two Dams: Degania and Alumot |publisher=[[EcoPeace Middle East]] |date= March 2018 |url= https://old.ecopeaceme.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Between-Two-Dams.pdf |access-date= 16 May 2026 }} * {{ cite book |title=Dams for Hydroelectric Energy |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/163.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9781138492035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url=https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/175.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9780367770310 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Surveillance Guide", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Surveillance Guide |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/158.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2018 |isbn= 9781138490208 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs | url= https://archive.org/details/earthquakeengine0000unse | isbn= 9780309043366 | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[National Academies Press]] }} * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Design Center", ''USACE''}} |title=Hydroelectric Design Center |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerRegulations/ER_10-1-53.pdf |access-date= 12 May 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} --> {{Geotechnical engineering}} {{Infrastructure}} {{Hydropower}} {{Subject bar|auto=yes|wikt=yes}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategorya:Civil engineering]] [[Kategorya:Dams| ]] [[Kategorya:Hydraulic structures]] [[Kategorya:Infrastructure]] [[Kategorya:Structural engineering]] [[en:Dam]] 65z8b8426fk7nd4ilq9txsye8wu4s23 311130 311129 2026-10-01T04:42:24Z Ringer 55 311130 wikitext text/x-wiki === Embankment dam === {{main|Embankment dam}} {{multiple image | title= Embankment dams | caption_align=center | image1 = Embankment Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg | alt1 = A diagram illustrating the cross-section of a typical embankment dam. | caption1 = Many [[embankment dam]]s have a clay core and gradually sloping faces both upstream and downstream.<ref>{{Multiref <!-- |{{harvnb|Brown|2026|loc=§ "Embankment dams"}}. --> |{{harvnb|Schnitter|1994|p=168}}. |{{harvnb|Denny|2010| p= 188}}. }}</ref> | image2 = <!-- Una foto de la presa.jpg --> Misogawa Dam road survey.jpg | alt2 = A large rocky dam, with a reservoir behind it, and green hills in the background. | caption2 = [[Misogawa Dam]] in Japan is an [[embankment dam]]. }} === Gravity dam === {{main|Gravity dam}} {{multiple image <!-- | header = [[Buttress dam]] --> <!-- | width = 160 --> | title= Gravity dams | caption_align=center | image1 = Gravity Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg | alt1 = A diagram showing the cross-section of a typical gravity dam. | caption1 = A typical [[gravity dam]] has a nearly vertical upstream face, and a broad base.{{sfn|Schnitter|1994|pp=170–172}}{{efn|The "toe" of a dam is the bottom of the downstream face. The "heel" is the bottom of the upstream face.{{sfn|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} }} | image2 = Grande Dixence Staumauer.jpg <!-- Barrage de la Grande-Dixence.jpg --> | alt2 = A massive concrete dam with a reservoir behind it. | caption2 = [[Grande Dixence Dam]] in Switzerland is one of the [[List of tallest dams|world's tallest gravity dams]]. The people atop the dam's crest illustrate its size.{{sfn|"Grande Dixence Fact Sheet", ''Grande Dixence SA''}}<!-- {{efn|[[Grande Dixence Dam]] is the world's tallest gravity dam as of 2025.}} --> }} === Buttress dam === {{main|Buttress dam}} {{multiple image | title= Buttress dams | caption_align=center | image1 = Buttress Dam Cross Section Diagram.svg | alt1 = A diagram showing the cross-section of a typical buttress dam. | caption1 = A [[buttress dam]] has an inclined upstream face supported by multiple buttresses.<ref name=Buttress/> | image2 = 040523-Latyan-IMG 8656-2.jpg | alt2 = A huge concrete dam with trees at its base. | caption2 = About 20 buttresses are visible in this photo of [[Latyan Dam|Latyan buttress dam]] in Iran.{{sfn|Scott|1968|p=353}} }} An '''sagop''' sarong estruktura na nagsasaray tubig o nag'uulang kan bulos o dalihig kaini. An mga sagop klasipikado sa apat na tugmad na klase: [[gravity dam]] iyo an malahiganteng estruktura gibo sa konkreto o semento na nagsasarig sa gabat kaini ngani mabangga an pwersa kan tinambak na tubig; [[embankment dam]] ginigibo sa pagtipon nin kagagapoan, dalipay, baybay, daga, o graba; [[buttress dam]] ginigibo paagi nin anhay, konkretong sementong suportado sa ibabang bulos nin serye nin mga triangular na [[sangki']]; asin an [[arch dam]] nagamit nin binalod na konkretong lanob ngani mapalis an gabat kan tubig sa magkataraid asin nakapalibot na nag'uulang na daga'. An mga sagop tuyong ginigibo bilang [[irigasyon]], [[hydropower]], [[kuanan tubig]], [[pagkontrol sa baha]], [[Lista nin isports sa tubig|rekreasyon]], [[inland navigation]], asin [[pagsisira']]. An irigasyon kritikal na aplikasyon nin sagop: mga 20% kan mga dagang tatamnan nin kinaban may patubig naghahale sa mga [[reserba] natipon kan mga sagop. An mga sagop nagmumukna nin pwersa sa tubig (hydropower), nagtatao nin malinig asin danay na pagkukuan elektrisidad, asin nagwawaras nin tubig sa pnagangaipo sa harong asin sa gamit industriyal.<!-- Dams that support flood management reduce downstream water levels to a safe limit.--> An haloyan nang sagop iyo an [[Jawa Dam (Jordan)|Jawa Dam]] sa modernong [[Jordan]], hinaman kan 3000{{nbsp}}BCE. An [[Hittites|Imperyong Hittite]] nagtugdok magkapirang sagop sa (ngonyan) modernong Turkey pag'ultan nin ika-17 asin ika-19 siglo BCE. Sa kan ika-1 na siglo CE, an [[Imperyong Romano]] naghimong makagibo nin inapod na gravity dams{{snd}} na tipikal igwang patindog na ulang sa pairaya asin pailawod na sapa. Kan [[medieval Europe]], an mga sagop nagdadamot nin tubig pagtaong pwersa sa paitok na ruweda para sa molino asin pagmimina. An proseso nin pagdesenyo nin mga sagop naghihira na kan mga huring panahon nin ika-18ng siglo hale sa impormal na praktis pasiring sa disiplina nin inhenyero nakabatay na syensia. Kan ika-20ng siglo, gibo kan madalian nang makakua nin konkreto asin an pagtunga kan mga makinaryang darakula na pangkonstruksyon, dakulon nang mga proyekto nin mga darakulang sagop an nahahaman sa bilog na ikinaban.<!-- Organized opposition to dam projects emerged in the modern era, focused on environmental and social impacts such as loss of plant and animal habitat, reduced water and sediment flow, degraded landscape aesthetics, submergence of cultural sites, and forced relocation of human populations.--> An barang-barang na parte kan sagop iyo an balagbag na nagpupugol sa tubig, alagad kadaklan kan mga sagop igwang mga dugang na estruktura na may importanteng pungsyon. Pag an sagop binabagat an bulos nin salog, mga [[Lock (water navigation)|barat]] nakakaag na sa proyekto ngani an mga bapor makalagbas. [[Mga hagahag para sa sira]] ikinakaag man ngani an mga sira makapa-iraya. [[Ulaan]] parati kairiba sa desenyo ta anoman na su'pay o sulwak magbulos sana pailawod ta kun dai, pwedeng magdulot nin pagbabaha sa mga palibot na katatamnan asin estaran. Mga ihian nin sagop kinakaag ngani an deposito mapatete' sa paglinig kan mga natipon na tundag o marokamok. An ssagop pwede man rangkahon asin haleon huli sa magkapirang rason: kun ini nagdadarang peligro sa buhay, kun ini dai naman talaga kaipohan, o ngani maibalik an ruta kan migrasyn nin mga sira, o ngani maparahay an salud kan pailawod na mga sapa paagi kan dagdag na bulos kan marokamok. An mga sagop may okasyon man na nabagsak na naresulta sa makuring pagbaha' asin pagkautas nin buhay. Dakul na prinsipyo sa pagdesenyo nin ligtas na sagop nano'dan huli kaini.<!-- Dams can fail for many reasons: earthquakes, weak rocks at the [[abutment]]s, water leaking within or under the dam, or the dam sliding over its [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]].--> ==Toltolan== === Footnotes === {{notelist}} === Citations === {{reflist}} === Sources === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book |chapter= Geology |last = Arnold |first = Arthur B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 106–152 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/106 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Baker|2003|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Beaver (''Castor Canadensis'') |last = Baker |first = B. W. |display-authors=etal |pages= 288–310 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/wildmammalsofnor0000unse_f5o3/page/288 | title = Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics | editor-last = Chapman | editor-first= J.A | isbn= 9780801874161 | year= 2003 | access-date= 8 June 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Reference Guide to Famous Engineering Landmarks of the World | last = Berlow | first= L.H. | isbn= 9780897749664 | url= https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto0000berl | year= 1998 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Academic]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Blight|Jewell|1998|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |last1=Blight |first1=Geoffrey E. |author-link1 = Geoffrey Eustace Blight |last2=Jewell |first2= Richard J. |display-authors= etal |title=Case Studies on Tailings Management |year=1998 |publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]{{snd}}International Council on Metals and the Environment |isbn=9781895720297 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_189572029x |access-date= 8 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bolt|1988|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Seismology |last = Bolt |first = Bruce A. |author-link=Bruce Bolt |pages= 153–171 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/153 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Breeze|2014|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Power Generation Technologies | last = Breeze | first= Paul | edition = 2nd | isbn= 9780080983363 | url= https://archive.org/details/powergenerationt0000bree_y7o0 | year= 2014 | access-date= 20 May 2026 | publisher= [[George Newnes Ltd]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Bunbury |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Egyptian Nile |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Judith |last1=Bunbury |display-authors=etal |pages=43–78 |author-link=Judith Bunbury |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Cao |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The River/Lake Chief System in China: A New Policy to Improve Environmental Quality in Hydrosystems |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Yixin |last1=Cao |display-authors=etal |pages= 853–874 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Instrumentation |last = Carpenter |first = Lynn R. |display-authors=etal |pages= 751–776 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/751 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Hydrology |last = Cecilio |first = Catalino B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 60–105 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/60 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{Sfn|Chellaney|2015|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title = Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis | last = Chellaney |first= B. |author-link = Brahma Chellaney | year = 2015 | isbn=9781442249288 | url= https://archive.org/details/waterpeacewarcon0000chel | access-date= 16 May 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=The Nile |first1= Robert |last1= Collins | author-link= Robert O. Collins | isbn= 9780300097641 | year= 2002 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe | publisher= [[Yale University Press]] | access-date= 16 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Corns|1988 |pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Gravity Dam Design and Analysis |last = Corns |first = Charles F. |display-authors=etal |pages= 466–492 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/466 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Cray|2004 |pp=?? }} --> * {{cite book |first=Ed |last=Cray |author-link = Ed Cray |date=2004 |title=Ramblin Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie |url=https://archive.org/details/ramblinman00edcr |access-date= 19 May 2026 |publisher= [[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=9780393047592 }} <!-- {{sfn|Creager|1917|pp=?? }} --> * {{ cite book | title = Engineering for Masonry Dams | last = Creager | first= W.P. | lccn=17017759 | url= https://archive.org/details/engineeringform02creagoog | year= 1917 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[J. Wiley & Sons]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Super Structures: The Science of Bridges, Buildings, Dams, and Other Feats of Engineering | last = Denny |first= Mark | isbn= 9780801894367 | url= https://archive.org/details/superstructuress0000denn | year= 2010 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Materials |last = Dolen |first = Timothy P. |display-authors=etal |pages= 172–218 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/172 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Surveillance |last = Duscha |first = Lloyd A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 777–797 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/777 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Evans|2011|pp=??}} --> <!-- PReface pp ix-xii covers Eerything; Chap 1 pp 1-6 Rockslide; Chap 21 pp 519-525 Lava & Volc dams; ch 25(p 595-600) & Ch 26 (p 617-625) Man-made blast-fill dams (? only Russia and Khyrgistan? --> * {{ cite book | title = Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams | editor-last = Evans | editor-first= S.G. | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9783642047633 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zDK85Mqz_YAC | year= 2011 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Geotechnical Engineering of Dams | last = Fell |first= Robin |display-authors= etal |edition = Second | isbn= 9781138000087 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vpCZBQAAQBAJ | year= 2014 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} First edition (2005) online in Internet Archive. * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 321–353 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/321 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gerwick|2014|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Bridge Engineering Handbook. Vol 5. Construction and Maintenance |edition = Second |first = Ben |last = Gerwick |chapter = Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges |pages = 137–174 |editor-last1 = Chen |editor-first1 = Wai-Fah |editor-last2 = Duan |editor-first2 = Lian |isbn = 9781439852330 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BCeOAgAAQBAJ |access-date = 31 October 2025 |year = 2014 |publisher = [[CRC Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Gulliver |1991|p=?}} --> * {{cite book |title = Hydropower Engineering Handbook |first = John |last = Gulliver |display-authors=etal |isbn = 9780070251939 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNdSAAAAMAAJ |access-date = 3 July 2026 |year = 1991 |publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Reservoirs |last = James |first = Laurence |pages= 722–750 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/722 | year= 1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Lessons from Notable Events |last = James |first = Laurence B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 8–59 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/8 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Introduction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |pages= 1–7 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/1 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 256–320 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/256 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Design and Construction |last = Jansen |first = Robert B. |display-authors=etal |pages= 686–703 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/686 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Kitchen|2016|p=??}} --> * {{ cite book | title = River Weirs: Design, Maintenance, Modification and Removal | last = Kitchen |first= Amanda |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9780860177784 | url= https://archive.org/details/c-763-river-weirs.-design-maintenance-modification-and-removal-web-1 | year= 2016 | access-date= 8 May 2026 | publisher= Construction Industry Research and Information Association }} <!-- {{sfn|Lemperiere|2006|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book | chapter = The Role of Dams in the XXI Century to Achieve a Sustainable Development Target | pages= 1065–1072 | first= F. | last= Lemperiere | display-authors= etal | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirsso0002inte/page/1065 | title = Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century | volume = 2 | editor-last = Berga | editor-first= Luis | display-editors= etal | isbn= 9781134138500 | year= 2006 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 388–408 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/388 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} <!-- {{sfn| Mariano |2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter= Nature-Human-River Relationships at the Ebro River and its Delta |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1= Mercè |last1= Mariano |display-authors=etal |pages=745–782 |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Pelikan|1997|pp=??}} --> * {{ cite book |chapter= Fish Bypass Channels |last = Pelikan |first = B. |pages= 61–66 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/hydropower97proc0000inte/page/60/mode/2up?q=Pelikan | title = Hydropower '97: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Hydropower | editor-last = Broch | editor-first= E. | isbn= 9054108886 | year= 1997 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Design, Safety and Operation of Dams | last = Schleiss |first= A.J. |display-authors=etal | isbn= 9782889149957 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VP1O0AEACAAJ | year= 2022 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] }} * {{ cite book | title =A History of Dams: The Useful Pyramids | last = Schnitter |first= N. | isbn= 9789054101499 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyofdamsuse0000schn_g8y9 | year= 1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[A.A. Balkema]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Concrete Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment |last = Schrader |first = Ernest K. |display-authors=etal |pages= 540–577 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/540 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Reservoirs: Planning and Engineering | last = Siddiqui |first= I.H. | isbn= 9780195475852 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsreservoirspl0000sidd | year= 2009 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Smith|1975|p=?}} --> * {{ cite book | title= Man and Water: A History of Hydro-technology | last = Smith |first= Norman | isbn= 0684145227 | url= https://archive.org/details/manwaterhistory00smit | year= 1975 | access-date= 13 May 2026 | publisher= [[Charles Scribner's Sons]] }} <!-- {{sfn|Taïbi|2023|pp=??}} --> * {{cite book |title=River Culture |chapter=The Senegal River, a Disturbed Lifeline in the Sahel |editor-last=Wantzen |editor-first=Karl M. |first1=Aude |last1=Taïbi |display-authors=etal |pages=79–114 |author-link= |isbn=9789231005404 |doi=10.54677/HHMI3947 |year=2023 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=10 March 2026 }} * {{ cite book | title =Dam | last = Turpin |first= Trevor | isbn= 9781861893284 | url= https://archive.org/details/dam0000turp | year= 2008 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Reaktion Books]] }} ==== Journals, news, and websites ==== <!-- * {{cite journal |title= |first= |last= |display-authors=etal |journal= |publisher= |year= |volume= |issue= |pages= |issn= |doi= |url= |access-date= }} --> <!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023|p=??}} --> *{{cite journal |last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |display-authors= etal |title=Popular Culture and Nile Hydropolitics: Amharic Songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam |journal=International Journal of Water Governance |publisher = [[Delft University of Technology]] |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free | issn = 2211-4505 }} <!-- {{sfn|Bellmore|2017|p=??}} --> *{{Cite journal |last1=Bellmore |first1=J. R. |display-authors=etal |year=2017 |orig-year=2016 |title=Status and Trends of Dam Removal Research in the United States |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wat2.1164 |journal=[[WIREs Water]] |publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] |access-date= 22 May 2026 |volume=4 |issue=2 |article-number=e1164 |doi=10.1002/wat2.1164 |issn=2049-1948 |url-access=subscription }} <!-- {{sfn|Boulange|2021|loc=??}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Role of Dams in Reducing Global Flood Exposure Under Climate Change |first= Julien |last= Boulange |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Nature Communications]] |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2021 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |article-number= 417 |issn= 2041-1723 |doi= 10.1038/s41467-020-20704-0 |doi-access= free|pmc= 7814128 }} <!-- * {{ cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering |title = Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | first = John Guthrie | last = Brown |display-authors = etal | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} --> * {{ cite web |url = https://web.itu.edu.tr/~bulu/water_resources_files/lecture_notes_04.pdf |title = Water Resources: Lecture Notes IV |publisher = [[Istanbul Technical University]] |year= <!-- unknown --> | first = Atil | last = Bulu | access-date= 22 April 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Chanson |1998|p=? }} --> * {{cite journal |title= Extreme Reservoir Sedimentation in Australia |first= Hubert |last= Chanson |journal= International Journal of Sediment Research |publisher= International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation |year= 1998 |volume= 13 |issue= 3 |pages= 55–63 |issn= 1001-6279 |doi= |url= https://staff.civil.uq.edu.au/h.chanson/reprints/ijrs_98.pdf |access-date= 8 June 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn|Costa|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Local Economic Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants: Evidence from Brazil |first= Francisco |last= Costa |display-authors=etal |journal= [[Economía LACEA Journal]] |publisher= [[Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association]] |year= 2025 |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |pages=105–123 |issn= 1533-6239 |doi= 10.31389/eco.466 |doi-access=free }} <!-- {{sfn|El-Askary|2026}} --> * {{cite journal |title=The World's Largest Saddle Dam at Risk |first= Hesham |last= El-Askary |display-authors=etal |journal= [[International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction]] |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2026 |volume= 135 |issue= |article-number = 106045 |issn= 2212-4209 |doi= 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106045 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420926000579 |access-date= }} <!-- {{sfn|Fowkes|2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title=Mega-Dams In the Hydrologics of the Socialist Anthropocene |first= Maja |last= Fowkes |display-authors=etal |journal= ARTMargins |publisher= [[The MIT Press]] |year= 2025 |volume= 14 |issue= 2 |pages=11–38 |issn= 2162-2574 |doi= 10.1162/artm_a_00411 |url= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/973802. |access-date= 21 May 2026 }} <!-- {{sfn| Ghiasi | 2025}} --> * {{cite journal |title = Estimating the Volume of Evaporation from the Main Dams of Iran |first= Behzad |last= Ghiasi |display-authors=etal |journal= Results in Engineering |publisher= [[Elsevier]] |year= 2025 |volume= 27 |issue= |article-number= 107057 |issn= 2590-1230 |doi= 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107057 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025031135 |access-date= 5 July 2026 |doi-access= free }} <!-- {{sfn|Graves | 2016}} --> * {{Cite web |title= Buhen: A Site Submerged |first= Carl |last= Graves | url= https://www.ees.ac.uk/resource/buhen--a-site-submerged.html |date = 29 Aug 2016 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website = [[Egypt Exploration Society]] |language=en }} <!-- {{sfn|Gyau-Boakye|2001}} --> * {{cite journal |title= Environmental Impacts of the Akosombo Dam and Effects of Climate Change on the Lake Levels |first= P. |last= Gyau-Boakye |journal= Environment, Development and Sustainability |publisher= [[Springer Nature]] |year= 2001 |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–29 |issn= 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''ICRC''}} --> * {{cite web |title= Geneva Conventions 1949 Protocol I | ref = {{sfnref|"Geneva Conventions", ''ICRC''}} |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/assets/treaties/470-AP-I-EN.pdf |access-date = 28 May 2026 | website = [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Global Energy Review 2025", ''IEA''}} |title= Global Energy Review 2025 |url= https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025 |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 24 March 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Energy Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Glossary", ''Reclamation Library''}} |title=Glossary |url= https://www.usbr.gov/library/glossary/#archgravitydam |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2022 |website = Reclamation Library |publisher= [[US Bureau of Reclamation]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Gordon Dam", ''Engineers Australia''}} --> * {{cite web | ref = 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''Oregon Department of Transportation'' }} |url=https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |title=I-205 Abernethy Bridge |website=[[Oregon Department of Transportation]] |access-date=2 October 2025 |archive-date=25 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125051041/https://www.oregon.gov/odot/Get-Involved/Docs_ACECODOT/2024_10_Abernethy%20Bridge%20Reconstruction.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{ cite book | title =Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees: Engineering and Design | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA402883 | year= 1995 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Integrated Operation of Hydropower Stations and Reservoirs |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/173.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2022 |isbn= 9780367770051 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |title=Multipurpose Water Storage |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/171.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781003640035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |isbn=978-1-884575-65-5 |url= https://damfailures.org/sites/default/files/wp-pdf/EQPerfo2_v3.pdf |title=Observed Performance of Dams During Earthquakes: Volume III |date= 2014 |publisher=[[United States Society on Dams]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Navigation Locks", ''USACE''}} |title= Planning and Design of Navigation Locks |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerManuals/EM_1110-2-2602.pdf |access-date= 3 July 2026 |date= 30 September 1995 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{ cite book | ref = {{sfnref|"Regulation of Dam Safety", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Regulation of Dam Safety |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/167.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2025 |isbn= 9781032456058 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} --> * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Research with GDW Data", ''Global Dam Watch''}} |title=Research with GDW Data |url= https://www.globaldamwatch.org/our-research |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= Global Dam Watch }} <!-- {{sfn|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Three Gorges Dam", ''Britannica''}} |url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Gorges-Dam |title = Three Gorges Dam |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 15 May 2026 }} --> <!-- {{sfn| "Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Tracking Barriers", ''European Environment Agency''}} |title=Tracking Barriers and Their Impacts on European River Ecosystems |date = 8 Feb 2021 |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/water-use-and-environmental-pressures/tracking-barriers-and-their-impacts |access-date=22 May 2026 |publisher= [[European Environment Agency]] }} <!-- {{sfn|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} --> * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"World Register of Dams", ''ICOLD''}} |title=World Register of Dams: General Synthesis |url= https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/world_register/general_synthesis.asp |access-date= 30 April 2026 |date= September 2025 |website = |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] (ICOLD) }} <!-- {{sfn|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} * {{ cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Zuiderzee", ''Britannica''}} |url =https://www.britannica.com/place/Zuiderzee |title = Zuiderzee |publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |year=2026 | access-date= 5 May 2026 }} --> <!-- SAVE THESE "FURTHER READING" SOURCES ... they may be needed if to implement suggestions from revivews (GA, PR, FA). === Further reading === ==== Books ==== * {{ cite book | title =The History of Large Federal Dams: Planning, Design, and Construction | last = Billington |first= David P. |display-authors = etal | isbn= 9781493649044 | url= https://archive.org/details/historyoflargefe00bill | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bureau of Reclamation]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Arch Dam Design and Analysis |last = Boggs |first = Howard L. |display-authors=etal |pages= 493–539 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/493 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 647–685 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/647 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Outlet Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Burgi |first = Philip H. |display-authors=etal |pages= 704–721 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/704 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 0442243979 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Concrete Dams |last = Chopra |first = Anil K. |pages= 416–465 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/416 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Engineering and Ecological Aspects of Dam Removal: An Overview | last = Conyngham |first= J. |display-authors= etal | date = September 2006 | isbn= | url= https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA464959 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Engineer Research and Development Center]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Large Dams: Learning from the Past Looking at the Future : Workshop Proceedings, Gland, Switzerland, April 11-12, 1997 | last = Dorcey |first= A.H.J. | isbn= 9780821340288 | url= https://archive.org/details/largedamslearnin0000unse | year= 1997 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthquake Response Analysis of Embankments |last = Duncan |first = James Michael |display-authors=etal |pages= 239–255 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/239 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =The Hydropolitics of Dams: Engineering or Ecosystems? | last = Everard |first= M. | isbn= 9781780325422 | url= https://archive.org/details/hydropoliticsofd0000ever | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Cofferdams |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |pages= 219–238 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/219 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988a | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Earthfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Fetzer |first = Claude A. |display-authors=etal |pages= 354–367 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/354 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Recovering a Lost River: Removing Dams, Rewilding Salmon, Revitalizing Communities | last = Hawley |first= S. | isbn= 9780807004739 | url= https://archive.org/details/recoveringlostri00hawl | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Beacon Press]] }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | title = Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply | place = London | publisher = Duckworth | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-7156-2194-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Hodge | first = A. Trevor | editor-last = Wikander | editor-first = Örjan | editor-link = Örjan Wikander | contribution = Reservoirs and Dams | title = Handbook of Ancient Water Technology | series = Technology and Change in History | volume = 2 | year = 2000 | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden | isbn = 978-90-04-11123-3 | pages = 331–339 }} * {{ cite book | title =The Challenges of Dam Removal and River Restoration | editor-last = Jerome | editor-first= De Graff | isbn= 9780813741215 | url= https://archive.org/details/challengesofdamr0000unse | year= 2013 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Geological Society of America]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power | last = Khagram |first= Sanjeev | isbn= 9780801442285 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmentt0000sanj | year= 2004 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Cornell University Press]] }} * {{ cite book |title = Dams | last = Leliavsky |first= Serge | isbn= 0412225506 | url= https://archive.org/details/dams0000leli | year= 1981 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Chapman and Hall]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Deep Water: The Epic Struggle over Dams, Displaced People, and the Environment | last = Leslie |first= Jacques | isbn= 9780312425562 | url= https://archive.org/details/deepwaterepicstr00lesl | year= 2006 | access-date= 22 April 2026 | publisher= [[Picador (imprint)|Picador]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Design and Analysis |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 368–387 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/368 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Rockfill Dam Performance and Remedial Measures |last = Leps |first = Thomas M. |pages= 409–415 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/409 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988b | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Spillway Design and Construction |last = Lowe III |first = John |display-authors=etal |pages= 609–646 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/advanceddamengin0000unse/page/646 | title =Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation | editor-last = Jansen | editor-first= R.B. | isbn= 0442243979 | year=1988 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Van Nostrand Reinhold]] }} * {{ cite book |chapter= Tidal Power |last = Nguyen |first = Josef |pages= 1247–1249 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofen0004unse_i8j9/page/1247 | title = Encyclopedia of Energy | editor-last = Pierce | editor-first= Morris | isbn= 9781587658532 | year= 2012 | access-date= 5 May 2026 | publisher= Salem Press }} * {{ cite book | title =Dams: Engineering in a Social and Environmental Context : Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the British Dam Society | editor-last = Pepper |editor-first= Andrew | isbn= 9780727757999 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsengineeringi0000brit | year= 2012 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[ICE Publishing]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Landslide Dams: Processes, Risk and Mitigation | editor-last = Schuster | editor-first= R.L. | isbn= 9780872625242 | url= https://archive.org/details/landslidedamspro0000unse | year= 1986 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title=Hydraulics of Dams and Reservoirs | last =Şentürk |first= Fuat | isbn=9780918334800 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqzZdytUz3gC | year=1994 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher=[[Water Resources Publications]] }} Also online at [https://archive.org/details/hydraulicsofdams0000sent Internet Archive] * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures | last = Tanchev |first= L. |edition=2nd | isbn= 9780203577059 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsappurtenanth0000tanc | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[CRC Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dams and Development in China | last = Tilt |first= Bryan | isbn= 9780231538268 | url= https://archive.org/details/damsdevelopmenti0000tilt | year= 2014 | access-date= 28 April 2026 | publisher= [[Columbia University Press]] }} * {{ cite book | title =Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovative Solutions in Hydropower Engineering and Civil Engineering | last = Wang |first= S. |display-authors= etal | isbn= 9789819917488 | url= https://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-63612 | year= 2023 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[Springer Nature]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Dam Foundation Grouting | last =Weaver |first= K.D. | isbn= 9780872627925 | url= https://archive.org/details/damfoundationgro0000weav | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }} * {{ cite book | title = New Developments in Dam Engineering: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dam Engineering | editor-last = Wieland | editor-first= Martin | display-editors= etal | isbn= 0415362407 | url= https://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/handle/123456789/169 | year= 2004 | access-date= 4 May 2026 | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|A. A. Balkema{{snd}}Taylor & Francis]] }} Reprinted in 2014 with {{isbn|9780203020678}}. ==== Unkown author ==== *{{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Between Two Dams", ''EcoPeace ''}} |title=Between Two Dams: Degania and Alumot |publisher=[[EcoPeace Middle East]] |date= March 2018 |url= https://old.ecopeaceme.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Between-Two-Dams.pdf |access-date= 16 May 2026 }} * {{ cite book |title=Dams for Hydroelectric Energy |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/163.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9781138492035 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Safety Management: Pre-Operational Phase of the Dam Life Cycle |url=https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/175.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2021 |isbn= 9780367770310 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book |ref = {{sfnref|"Dam Surveillance Guide", ''ICOLD''}} |title=Dam Surveillance Guide |url= https://www.icoldchile.cl/boletines/158.pdf |access-date= 28 April 2026 |date= 2018 |isbn= 9781138490208 |publisher= [[International Commission on Large Dams]] }} * {{ cite book | title = Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs | url= https://archive.org/details/earthquakeengine0000unse | isbn= 9780309043366 | year= 1991 | access-date= 20 April 2026 | publisher= [[National Academies Press]] }} * {{Cite web | ref = {{sfnref|"Hydroelectric Design Center", ''USACE''}} |title=Hydroelectric Design Center |url= https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerRegulations/ER_10-1-53.pdf |access-date= 12 May 2026 |date= 2015 |website = |publisher= [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] }} --> {{Geotechnical engineering}} {{Infrastructure}} {{Hydropower}} {{Subject bar|auto=yes|wikt=yes}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategorya:Civil engineering]] [[Kategorya:Dams| ]] [[Kategorya:Hydraulic structures]] [[Kategorya:Infrastructure]] [[Kategorya:Structural engineering]] [[en:Dam]] 6y4vhsmnkj5swa0fvnh1s7ellgn8aca