Laos

Wikipedia cdowiki https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_Hi%C4%95k MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter 媒體特殊討論用戶用戶討論 Wikipedia Wikipedia討論文件文件討論 MediaWiki MediaWiki討論模板模板討論幫助幫助討論分類分類討論 TimedText TimedText talk 模組模組討論活動活動討論 Laos 0 6728 106070 104592 2026-10-06T21:14:27Z Martin Macha 2111 16479 /* */ 106070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Lao Ìng-mìng Mìng-ciō Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók |native_name = {{Lo-textonly|ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ}} |common_name = Laos |image_flag = Flag of Laos.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Laos (1991-2025).svg |flag_type = guók-gì |symbol_type = guók-hŭi |national_motto = {{Lo-textonly|ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ເອກະພາບ ວັດທະນະຖາວອນ}} "Huò-bìng, dŭk-lĭk, mìng-ciō, tuàng-giék, huàng-ìng" |national_anthem = {{Lo-textonly|ເພງຊາດລາວ}} "Laos ìng-mìng gì cáng-mī-sĭ" <div class="center" style="margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:National Anthem of Laos.ogg]]</div> |image_map = Location Laos ASEAN.svg |map_caption = |capital = [[Vientiane]] |largest_city = [[Vientiane]] |official_languages = [[Lao-ngṳ̄]] |national_languages = |regional_languages = |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = |ethnic_groups_ref = |religion = |religion_year = |religion_ref = |government_type = [[dăng-ék-cié]], [[Marx-Lenin Ciō-ngiê]], [[ék-dōng-cié]], [[siâ-huôi ciō-ngiê]], [[gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] |leader_title1 = guók-gă ciō-sĭk |leader_name1 = [[Thongloun Sisoulith]] |leader_title2 = cūng-lī |leader_name2 = [[Saleumxay Kommasith]] |leader_title3 = Guók-huôi ciō-sĭk |leader_name3 = [[Sonexay Siphandone]] |legislature = Guók-huôi |upper_house = |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |area_km2 = 237,955 |area_rank = 82 |area_footnote = |percent_water = 2 |population_estimate = 7,123,205 |population_estimate_rank = 105 |population_estimate_year = 2019 |population_census = 6,492,228 |population_census_rank = |population_census_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 26.7 |population_density_rank = 151 |GDP_PPP = $58.329 sĕk-é |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2019 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,458 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $20.153 sĕk-é |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,670 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 131 |Gini = 36.4 |Gini_change = |Gini_rank = |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_ref = |HDI = 0.613 |HDI_change = increase |HDI_rank = 137 |HDI_year = 2019 |HDI_ref = |currency = [[Laos kip]] (₭) |currency_code = LAK |time_zone = [[Indochina Sì-găng|ICT]] |utc_offset = +7 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |DST_note = |date_format = |electricity = |drives_on = iêu |cctld = [[.la]] |iso3166code = LA |calling_code = +856 }} '''Laos''' sê [[Dĕ̤ng-nàng Ā]] gì siŏh ciáh guók-gă. {{Ā-ciŭ}} {{authority control}} [[分類:Ā-ciŭ guók-gă]] 8mcs4dhirb2efbhmwb35oz4krfop4vk Piĕ (nguòng-só) 0 7900 106072 91260 2026-10-07T00:38:31Z InternetArchiveBot 17302 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 106072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{twinLAT|砷}} {{Infobox element |name=Piĕ |enname=arsenic |laname=arsenicum |allotropes=grey (most common), yellow, black |number=33 |symbol=As |left=[[germanium|Gecmani]] |right=[[Să̤ (gó-tā̤)|Selen]] |above=[[Lìng (nguòng-só)|lìng]] |below=[[Dà̤ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Antimon]] |series=lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k |series comment= |group=15 |period=4 |block=p |series color= |appearance=metallic grey |image name=Arsen 1a.jpg |image name comment= |image name 2= |image name 2 comment= |atomic mass=74.921595 |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref> |atomic mass 2=6 |atomic mass comment= |electron configuration=[[[argon|Ar]]] 3d10 4s2 4p3 |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 5 |color= |phase=gó-tā̤ |phase comment= |density gplstp= |density gpcm3nrt=5.727 |density gpcm3mp=5.22 |sublimation point K=887 |sublimation point C=615 |sublimation point F=1137 |triple point K=1090 |triple point kPa=3628 |triple point ref=<ref name="Gokcen1989">{{cite journal|author=Gokcen, N. A|title=The As (arsenic) system|journal=Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams|year=1989|volume=10|pages=11–22|doi=10.1007/BF02882166}}</ref> |critical point K=1673 |critical point MPa=? |heat fusion=grey: 24.44 |heat vaporization=34.76 |heat vaporization comment=(?) |heat capacity=24.64 |vapor pressure 1=553 |vapor pressure 10=596 |vapor pressure 100=646 |vapor pressure 1 k=706 |vapor pressure 10 k=781 |vapor pressure 100 k=874 |vapor pressure comment= |crystal structure=rhombohedral |crystal structure ref= |oxidation states='''5''', 4, '''3''', 2, 1,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic049281s|pmid=15360247|title=Stabilized Arsenic(I) Iodide: A Ready Source of Arsenic Iodide Fragments and a Useful Reagent for the Generation of Clusters|year=2004|last1=Ellis|first1=Bobby D.|last2=MacDonald|first2=Charles L. B.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=43|issue=19|pages=5981–6}}</ref> −1, −2, '''−3''' |oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[acid]]ic oxide) |electronegativity=2.18 |number of ionization energies=4 |ionization energy 1=947.0 |ionization energy 2=1798 |ionization energy 3=2735 |atomic radius=119 |covalent radius=119±4 |Van der Waals radius=185 |magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]] |magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=81|publisher=CRC press|isbn=0849304814|year=2000|editor=Lide, David R.|accessdate=2018-06-03|archive-date=2011-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|deadurl=}}</ref> |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 20=333 |thermal conductivity=50.2 |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal expansion=5.6 |thermal expansion ref=<ref>{{cite book|author=Cverna, Fran|title=ASM Ready Reference: Thermal properties of metals|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qvrq96gJFxIC&pg=PA8|date=2002|publisher=ASM International|isbn=978-0-87170-768-0|pages=8–}} [http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123192002/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |date=2018-11-23 }}.</ref> |thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}}) |thermal expansion at 25= |speed of sound= |speed of sound rod at 20= |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |Young's modulus=8 |Shear modulus= |Bulk modulus=22 |Poisson ratio= |Mohs hardness=3.5 |Vickers hardness= |Brinell hardness=1440 |CAS number=7440-38-2 |isotopes= {{infobox element/isotopes_decay2 | mn=73 | sym=As | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|80.3 d]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=– | link1=germanium-73 | pn1=73 | ps1=Ge | dm2=[[gamma radiation|γ]] | de2=0.05[[Delayed nuclear radiation|D]], 0.01D, [[Conversion electron|e]] | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=74 | sym=As | na=syn | hl=[[1 E6 s|17.78 d]] | dm1=ε | de1=– | link1=germanium-74 | pn1=74 | ps1=Ge | dm2=[[positron emission|β+]] | de2=0.941 | pn2=74 | ps2=Ge | dm3=γ | de3=0.595, 0.634 | pn3= | ps3=– | dm4=[[beta decay|β−]] | de4=1.35, 0.717 | link4=selenium-74 | pn4=74 | ps4=Se}} {{infobox element/isotopes_stable | mn=75 | sym=As | na=100% | n=42 }} |isotopes comment= |discovery date=Early [[Bronze Age]] ([[2500 BC]]) |first isolation by=[[Albertus Magnus]] |first isolation date=1250 }} '''Piĕ''' (砒), iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''sĭng''' (砷), '''piĕ-só''' (砒素) hĕ̤k-ciā '''Asen''', sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k]] [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só|nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 33, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê As. ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék== ==Éng-ê̤ṳng== ==Cié-chṳ̄== ==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu== {{reflist}} {{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}} {{authority control}} [[分類:Huá-hŏk nguòng-só]] eeggxpc8l96zr9y5xmj075ccbeb7ldx Rubidium 0 9192 106075 104574 2026-10-07T00:39:15Z InternetArchiveBot 17302 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 106075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{twinLAT|銣}} {{Infobox element |name=Rubidi |enname=rubidium |laname=rubidium |number=37 |symbol=Rb |left=[[krypton]] |right=[[strontium|Stronti]] |above=[[Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Kali]] |below=[[caesium|Caesi]] |series=giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k |series comment= |group=1 |period=5 |block=s |series color= |appearance=grey white |image name=Rb5.JPG |image size= |image name comment= |image name 2= |image size 2= |image name 2 comment= |atomic mass=85.4678 |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref> |atomic mass 2=3 |atomic mass comment= |electron configuration=[[[krypton|Kr]]] 5s1 |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 8, 1 |color= |phase=gó-tā̤ |phase comment= |density gplstp= |density gpcm3nrt=1.532 |density gpcm3nrt 2= |density gpcm3nrt 3= |density gpcm3mp=1.46 |melting point K=312.45 |melting point C=39.30 |melting point F=102.74 |sublimation point K= |sublimation point C= |sublimation point F= |boiling point K=961 |boiling point C=688 |boiling point F=1270 |triple point K=312.41 |triple point kPa=? |triple point ref=<ref name=b92/> |critical point K=2093 |critical point MPa=16 |critical point comment=''(extrapolated)''<ref name=b92>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.122}}</ref> |heat fusion=2.19 |heat fusion 2= |heat vaporization=69 |heat capacity=31.060 |vapor pressure 1=434 |vapor pressure 10=486 |vapor pressure 100=552 |vapor pressure 1 k=641 |vapor pressure 10 k=769 |vapor pressure 100 k=958 |vapor pressure comment= |crystal structure=body-centered cubic |oxidation states='''+1''', −1 |oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide) |electronegativity=0.82 |number of ionization energies=3 |ionization energy 1=403 |ionization energy 2=2632.1 |ionization energy 3=3859.4 |atomic radius=248 |atomic radius calculated= |covalent radius=220±9 |Van der Waals radius=303 |magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]] |magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref> |electrical resistivity= |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 20=128 |thermal conductivity=58.2 |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal expansion=90 |thermal expansion ref=<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |title=ASM ready reference. Thermal properties of metals |date=2002 |publisher=ASM International |isbn=978-0-87170-768-0 |editor-last=Cverna |editor-first=Fran |series=ASM materials data series |location=Materials Park, Ohio |chapter=Thermal Expansion |editor-last2=ASM International |accessdate=2018-06-03 |archive-date=2018-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123192002/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |deadurl=yes}}</ref> |thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}}) |thermal expansion at 25= |speed of sound= |speed of sound rod at 20=1300 |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |tensile strength= |Young's modulus=2.4 |Shear modulus= |Bulk modulus=2.5 |Poisson ratio= |Mohs hardness=0.3 |Vickers hardness= |Brinell hardness=0.216 |CAS number=7440-17-7 |isotopes={{infobox element/isotopes_decay2 | mn=83 | sym=Rb | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=86.2 d | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=– | link1=krypton-83 | pn1=83 | ps1=Kr | dm2=[[gamma radiation|γ]] | de2=0.52, 0.53, 0.55 | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=84 | sym=Rb | na=syn | hl=32.9 d | dm1=ε | de1=– | link1=krypton-84 | pn1=84 | ps1=Kr | dm2=[[positron emission|β+]] | de2=1.66, 0.78 | pn2=84 | ps2=Kr | dm3=γ | de3=0.881 | pn3= | ps3=– | dm4=[[beta decay|β−]] | de4=0.892 | link4=strontium-84 | pn4=84 | ps4=Sr}} {{infobox element/isotopes_stable | mn=85 | sym=Rb | na=72.17% | n=48 }} {{infobox element/isotopes_decay2 | mn=86 | sym=Rb | na=syn | hl=18.65 d | dm1=β− | de1=1.775 | link1=strontium-86 | pn1=86 | ps1=Sr | dm2=γ | de2=1.0767 | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{infobox element/isotopes_decay | mn=87 | sym=Rb | na=27.83% | hl=4.9{{e|10}} y | dm=β− | de=0.283 | link1=strontium-87 | pn=87 | ps=Sr}} |isotopes comment= |discovered by=[[Robert Bunsen]] and [[Gustav Kirchhoff]] |discovery date=1861 |first isolation by=[[George de Hevesy]] }} '''Rubidium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 37, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Rb. ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék== ==Éng-ê̤ṳng== ==Cié-chṳ̄== ==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu== {{reflist}} {{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}} {{Authority control}} [[分類:Huá-hŏk nguòng-só]] f992e1yz7h412cwlr6o8z097vi1xxxd Technetium 0 9211 106076 104575 2026-10-07T00:43:09Z InternetArchiveBot 17302 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 106076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{twinLAT|鍀}} {{infobox element |name=Tecneti |enname=technetium |laname=technetium |number=43 |symbol=Tc |left=[[Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Molypden]] |right=[[ruthenium|Rutheni]] |above=[[Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Mangan]] |below=[[rhenium|Rheni]] |series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k |series comment= |group=7 |period=5 |block=d |series color= |appearance=shiny gray metal |image name= |image alt= |image size= |image name comment= |image name 2= |image name 2 comment= |atomic mass=[98] |atomic mass 2= |atomic mass comment= |electron configuration=[[[Krypton|Kr]]] 4d5 5s2 |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 13, 2 |color= |phase=gó-tā̤ |phase comment= |density gplstp= |density gpcm3nrt=11 |density gpcm3mp= |melting point K=2430 |melting point C=2157 |melting point F=3915 |boiling point K=4538 |boiling point C=4265 |boiling point F=7709 |triple point K= |triple point kPa= |critical point K= |critical point MPa= |heat fusion=33.29 |heat vaporization=585.2 |heat capacity=24.27 |vapor pressure 1=2727 |vapor pressure 10=2998 |vapor pressure 100=3324 |vapor pressure 1 k=3726 |vapor pressure 10 k=4234 |vapor pressure 100 k=4894 |vapor pressure comment=''(extrapolated)'' |crystal structure=hexagonal close packed |oxidation states='''7''', 6, 5, '''4''', 3,<ref name="OpenMOPAC">{{cite web|url=http://openmopac.net/data_normal/technetium(iii)%20triiodide_jmol.html|title=Technetium: technetium(III) iodide compound data|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=OpenMOPAC.net|archive-date=2008-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306031601/http://openmopac.net/data_normal/technetium(iii)%20triiodide_jmol.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> 2, 1,<ref name="OpenMOPAC"/> −1, −3 |oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[acid]]ic oxide) |electronegativity=1.9 |number of ionization energies=3 |ionization energy 1=702 |ionization energy 2=1470 |ionization energy 3=2850 |atomic radius=136 |atomic radius calculated= |covalent radius=147±7 |Van der Waals radius= |magnetic ordering=[[Paramagnetic]] |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 20=200 |thermal conductivity=50.6 |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal expansion=7.1 |thermal expansion ref=<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |title=ASM ready reference. Thermal properties of metals |date=2002 |publisher=ASM International |isbn=978-0-87170-768-0 |editor-last=Cverna |editor-first=Fran |series=ASM materials data series |location=Materials Park, Ohio |chapter=Thermal Expansion |editor-last2=ASM International |accessdate=2018-06-03 |archive-date=2018-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123192002/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |deadurl=yes}}</ref> |thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}}) |speed of sound= |speed of sound rod at 20=16,200 |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |Young's modulus= |Shear modulus= |Bulk modulus= |Poisson ratio= |Mohs hardness= |Vickers hardness= |Brinell hardness= |CAS number=7440-26-8 |isotopes= {{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=95m | sym=Tc | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|61 d]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=– | link1=molybdenum-95 | pn1=95 | ps1=Mo | dm2=[[gamma radiation|γ]] | de2=0.204, 0.582, 0.835 | pn2= | ps2=– | dm3=[[internal conversion|IT]] | de3=0.0389, [[conversion electron|e]] | pn3=95 | ps3=Tc }} {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=96 | sym=Tc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|4.3 d]] | dm1=ε | de1=– | link1=molybdenum-96 | pn1=96 | ps1=Mo | dm2=γ | de2=0.778, 0.849, 0.812 | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=97 | sym=Tc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E13 s|2.6×106 y]] | dm=ε | de=– | | link1=molybdenum-97 | pn=97 | ps=Mo }} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=97m | sym=Tc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E6 s|91 d]] | dm=IT | de=0.965, e | pn=97 | ps=Tc }} {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=98 | sym=Tc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E14 s|4.2×106 y]] | dm1=[[beta emission|β−]] | de1=0.4 | link1=ruthenium-98 | pn1=98 | ps1=Ru | dm2=γ | de2=0.745, 0.652 | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=99 | sym=Tc | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s|2.111×105 y]] | dm=β− | de=0.294 | link1=ruthenium-99 | pn=99 | ps=Ru }} {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=99[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Tc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E4 s|6.01 h]] | dm1=IT | de1=0.142, 0.002 | pn1=99 | ps1=Tc | dm2=γ | de2=0.140 | pn2= | ps2=– }} |predicted by=[[Dmitri Mendeleev]] |prediction date=1871 |discovery and first isolation by=[[Emilio Segrè]] and [[Carlo Perrier]] |discovery date=1937 }} '''Technetium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 43, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Tc. ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék== ==Éng-ê̤ṳng== ==Cié-chṳ̄== ==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu== {{reflist}} {{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}} {{Authority control}} [[分類:Huá-hŏk nguòng-só]] dsng5ckm19srxg088n6kdyq6n5n2naa Protactinium 0 9215 106074 91194 2026-10-07T00:38:44Z InternetArchiveBot 17302 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 106074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{twinLAT|鏷}} {{Infobox element |number=91 |symbol=Pa |name=Protactini |enname=protactinium |laname=protactinium |left=[[thorium|Thori]] |right=[[Iù (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Urani]] |above=[[praseodymium|Praseodymi]] |below=(Uqt) |series=actinium-hiê |period=7 |block=f |group=n/a |appearance=bright, silvery metallic luster |image name= |atomic mass=231.03588 |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref> |atomic mass 2=2 |atomic mass comment= |electron configuration=[[[radon|Rn]]] 5f2 6d1 7s2 |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 |phase=gó-tā̤ |density gpcm3nrt=15.37 |melting point K=1841 |melting point C=1568 |melting point F=2854 |boiling point K=4300 |boiling point C=4027 |boiling point F=7280 |boiling point comment=(?) |heat fusion=12.34 |heat vaporization=481 |crystal structure=tetragonal |crystal structure ref=<ref name=str>{{cite journal|last1=Donohue|first1=J.|title=On the crystal structure of protactinium metal|journal=Acta Crystallographica|volume=12|pages=697|year=1959|doi=10.1107/S0365110X59002031|issue=9}}</ref> |oxidation states=2, 3, 4, '''5''' |oxidation states comment=(a weakly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide) |electronegativity=1.5 |number of ionization energies=1 |ionization energy 1=568 |atomic radius=163 |covalent radius=200 |magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]] |magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book | url = http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | chapter = Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds | editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 | accessdate = 2018-06-03 | archive-date = 2011-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | deadurl = }}</ref> |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n |electrical resistivity at 0=177 |thermal conductivity=47 |thermal expansion=~9.9 |thermal expansion ref=<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Chapter 2. Thermal Expansion|url=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf|page=11|publisher=ASM International|title=ASM Ready Reference: Thermal Properties of Metals|editor=Cverna, Fran|year=2002|isbn=0871707683|accessdate=2018-06-03|archive-date=2018-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123192002/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}}) |CAS number=7440-13-3 |isotopes= {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=229 | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.5 d | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.311 | link1=thorium-229 | pn=229 | ps=Th}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=230 | sym=Pa | na=syn | hl=17.4 d | dm=ε | de=1.310 | | link1=thorium-230 | pn=230 | ps=Th}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=231 | sym=Pa | na=100% | hl=3.276×104 y | dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=5.150 | link1=actinium-227 | pn=227 | ps=Ac}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=232 | sym=Pa | na=syn | hl=1.31 d | dm=[[beta emission|β−]] | de=1.337 | link1=uranium-232 | pn=232 | ps=U}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=233 | sym=Pa | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=26.967 d | dm=β− | de=0.5701 | link1=uranium-233 | pn=233 | ps=U}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=234 | sym=Pa | na=trace | hl=6.75 h | dm=β− | de=2.195 | pn=234 | ps=U}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=234[[Meta state|m]] | sym=Pa | na=trace | hl=1.17 min | dm=β− | de=2.29 | link1=uranium-234 | pn=234 | ps=U}} |isotopes comment= |predicted by=[[Dmitri Mendeleev]] |prediction date=1869 |discovery and first isolation by=[[William Crookes]] |discovery date=1900 |named by=[[Otto Hahn]] and [[Lise Meitner]] |named date=1917–8 }} '''Protactinium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 91, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Pa. ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék== ==Éng-ê̤ṳng== ==Cié-chṳ̄== ==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu== {{reflist}} {{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}} {{Authority control}} [[分類:Huá-hŏk nguòng-só]] ikswky2aldjjhmixqwbb1be1l282rfu Promethium 0 9222 106073 104576 2026-10-07T00:38:42Z InternetArchiveBot 17302 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 106073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{twinLAT|鉕}} {{Infobox element |image name= |image alt= |image size= |image name comment= |image name 2=File:Promethium spectrum visible.png |image alt 2=Promethium spectrum visible.png |image size 2= |image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of promethium |number=61 |symbol=Pm |name=Promethi |laname=promethium |left=[[neodymium|Neodymi]] |right=[[samarium|Samari]] |above=– |below=[[neptunium|Neptuni]] |series=lanthanum-hiê |period=6 |group=n/a |block=f |appearance=metallic |atomic mass= [145] |electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 4f5 6s2 |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |phase=gó-tā̤ |density gpcm3nrt=7.26 |melting point K=1315 |melting point C=1042 |melting point F=1908 |boiling point K=3273 |boiling point C=3000 |boiling point F=5432 |heat fusion=7.13 |heat vaporization=289 |crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed |oxidation states='''3''', 2 |oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide) |electronegativity=1.13 |electronegativity comment=(?) |number of ionization energies=3 |ionization energy 1=540 |ionization energy 2=1050 |ionization energy 3=2150 |atomic radius=183 |covalent radius=199 |magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]] |magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.</ref> |electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ |electrical resistivity=est. 0.75 |electrical resistivity comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}}) |thermal conductivity=17.9 |thermal expansion=9.0 |thermal expansion ref=<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |title=ASM ready reference. Thermal properties of metals |date=2002 |publisher=ASM International |isbn=978-0-87170-768-0 |editor-last=Cverna |editor-first=Fran |series=ASM materials data series |location=Materials Park, Ohio |chapter=Thermal Expansion |editor-last2=ASM International |accessdate=2018-06-10 |archive-date=2018-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123192002/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf |deadurl=yes}}</ref> |thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}}) |Young's modulus=α form: est. 46 |Shear modulus=α form: est. 18 |Bulk modulus=α form: est. 33 |Poisson ratio=α form: est. 0.28 |CAS number=7440-12-2 |isotopes= {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=145 | sym=Pm | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=17.7 y | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.163 | link1=neodymium-145 | pn=145 | ps=Nd}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=146 | sym=Pm | na=syn | hl=5.53 y | dm1=ε | de1=1.472 | link1=neodymium-146 | pn1=146 | ps1=Nd | dm2=[[beta emission|β−]] | de2=1.542 | link2=samarium-146 | pn2=146 | ps2=Sm}} {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=147 | sym=Pm | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=2.6234 y | dm=β− | de=0.224 | link1=samarium-147 | pn=147 | ps=Sm}} |isotopes comment= |discovered by=[[Chien Shiung Wu]], [[Emilio Segrè]], [[Hans Bethe]] |discovery date=1942 |first isolation by=[[Charles D. Coryell]], [[Jacob A. Marinsky]], [[Lawrence E. Glendenin]], [[Harold G. Richter]] |first isolation date=1945 |named by=Grace Mary Coryell |named date=1945 }} '''Promethium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 61, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Pm. ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék== ==Éng-ê̤ṳng== ==Cié-chṳ̄== ==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu== {{reflist}} {{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}} {{Authority control}} [[分類:Huá-hŏk nguòng-só]] evn8on25pc3rulqger1mrvmjo9n3bth 模板:Country data Iran 10 28575 106068 104672 2026-10-06T16:29:41Z CommonsDelinker 51 Removing [[:c:File:Safavid_Flag.svg|Safavid_Flag.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by ConflictFan|]]. 106068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Iran | flag alias = Flag of Iran.svg | flag alias-1502 = | flag alias-1576 = | flag alias-1665 = Flag of Persia (1665).svg | flag alias-1736 = Nadir Shah Flag.svg | flag alias-1760 = Zand Dynasty flag.svg | border-1760 = | flag alias-1796 = Qajar Naval Ensign.svg | flag alias-1849 = Amir Kabir Flag.svg | flag alias-1907 = Flag of Persia (1907).svg | flag alias-1910 = State flag of Iran (1907-1933).svg | flag alias-1925 = State Flag of Iran (1925).svg | flag alias-1964 = State Flag of Iran (1964).svg | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces.svg | link alias-army = Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces | link alias-naval = Islamic Republic of Iran Navy | link alias-air force = Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{{name|}}} | Iran}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1502 | var2 = 1576 | var3 = 1665 | var4 = 1736 | var5 = 1760 | var6 = 1796 | var7 = 1849 | var8 = 1907 | var9 = 1910 | var10 = 1925 | var11 = 1964 | redir1 = IRN | redir2 = IRI </noinclude> }} 2nhhsvx4tbgat70ee2hath19tnzb8h6 106069 106068 2026-10-06T17:51:04Z CommonsDelinker 51 Removing [[:c:File:Nadir_Shah_Flag.svg|Nadir_Shah_Flag.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by ConflictFan|]]. 106069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Iran | flag alias = Flag of Iran.svg | flag alias-1502 = | flag alias-1576 = | flag alias-1665 = Flag of Persia (1665).svg | flag alias-1736 = | flag alias-1760 = Zand Dynasty flag.svg | border-1760 = | flag alias-1796 = Qajar Naval Ensign.svg | flag alias-1849 = Amir Kabir Flag.svg | flag alias-1907 = Flag of Persia (1907).svg | flag alias-1910 = State flag of Iran (1907-1933).svg | flag alias-1925 = State Flag of Iran (1925).svg | flag alias-1964 = State Flag of Iran (1964).svg | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces.svg | link alias-army = Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces | link alias-naval = Islamic Republic of Iran Navy | link alias-air force = Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{{name|}}} | Iran}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1502 | var2 = 1576 | var3 = 1665 | var4 = 1736 | var5 = 1760 | var6 = 1796 | var7 = 1849 | var8 = 1907 | var9 = 1910 | var10 = 1925 | var11 = 1964 | redir1 = IRN | redir2 = IRI </noinclude> }} sbsstgjnv5xszxfd7iculdengnyn24q Dŭk-lĭk Guók-gă Lièng-hăk-tā̤ 0 29181 106071 94247 2026-10-07T00:23:53Z InternetArchiveBot 17302 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 106071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CIS (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|right|200px|Dŭk-lĭk Guók-gă Lièng-hăk-tā̤]] '''Dŭk-lĭk Guók-gă Lièng-hăk-tā̤''' (獨立國家聯合體, [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄]]: {{lang|ru|Содружество Независимых Государств}}), iâ huăng-ĭk có̤ '''Dŭk-lĭk Guók-gă Guók-hiĕk''' (獨立國家國協), gāng-chĭng '''Dŭk-lièng-tā̤''' (獨聯體) hĕ̤k-ciā '''Dŭk-hiĕk''' (獨協, {{lang|ru|СНГ}}), sê [[Sŭ-lièng gāi-tā̤]] ī-hâiu iù nguòng-lài buô-hông [[Sŭ-lièng]] gì [[Sŭ-lièng gì gáiu-siàng-guók|gáiu-siàng-guók]] cū-siàng gì siŏh ciáh guók-gă lièng-mèng. Dŭk-lièng-tā̤ gì cūng-buô diŏh [[Belarus]] gì siū-dŭ [[Minsk]], gĕ̤ng-cáuk ngṳ̄-ngiòng sê [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄]]. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== ==Sìng-uòng guók== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width=100| guók-gă<ref name=depositary>{{cite web|url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reports/rat/sved|title=Сведения о ратификации документов, принятых в рамках СНГ в 1991 – 2014 годах|accessdate=10 October 2014|publisher=Commonwealth of Independent States|archive-date=21 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721024111/http://cis.minsk.by/main.aspx?uid#reports/rat/sved|deadurl=yes}}</ref> !width=200| piĕ-cūng !width=125| Hiêng-ciŏng piĕ-cūng !width=100| Notes |- | {{Flag|Azerbaijan}} || 1993 nièng 9 nguŏk 24 hô̤ || 1993 nièng 9 nguŏk 24 hô̤ || |- | {{Flag|Belarus}} || 1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 10 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 1 nguŏk 18 hô̤ || cháung-sṳ̄ guók |- | {{Flag|Kazakhstan}} || 1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 23 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ || cháung-sṳ̄ guók |- | {{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 1992 nièng 3 nguŏk 6 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 12 hô̤ || cháung-sṳ̄ guók |- | {{Flag|Armenia}} || 1992 nièng 2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 3 nguŏk 16 hô̤ || cháung-sṳ̄ guók |- | {{Flag|Moldova}} || 1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 8 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 15 hô̤ || |- | {{Flag|Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆}} || 1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 12 hô̤ || 1993 nièng 7 nguŏk 20 hô̤ || cháung-sṳ̄ guók |- | {{Flag|Tajikistan}} || 1993 nièng 6 nguŏk 20 hô̤ || 1993 nièng 8 nguŏk 4 hô̤ || |- | {{Flag|Uzbekistan}} || 1992 nièng 1 nguŏk 4 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 2 nguŏk 9 hô̤ || cháung-sṳ̄ guók |} ==Lièng-hiê guók== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width=100| guók-gă !width=200| piĕ-cūng !width=125| Hiêng-ciŏng piĕ-cūng !width=425| Notes |- | {{Flag|Turkmenistan}} || 1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 26 hô̤ || muôi piĕ-cūng || cháung-sṳ̄ guók. 2005 nièng kăi-sṳ̄ sê lièng-hiê guók. |- | {{Flag|Ukraine}} || 1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 10 hô̤ || muôi piĕ-cūng || cháung-sṳ̄ guók. 1993 nièng kăi-sṳ̄ sê lièng-hiê guók. |} ==Nguòng-lài gì sìng-uòng guók== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width=100| guók-gă !width=200| piĕ-cūng !width=125| Hiêng-ciŏng piĕ-cūng !width=90| sŏng-buó tó̤i-chók !width=90| ciáng-sék tó̤i-chók !width=340|Notes |- | {{Flag|Gruzia}} || 1993 nièng 12 nguŏk 3 hô̤ || 1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 19 hô̤ || 2008 nièng 8 nguŏk 18 hô̤ || 2009 nièng 8 nguŏk 18 hô̤ || ĭng-ôi 2008 nièng gì [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ Gruzia Ciéng-cĕng]] tó̤i-chók. |} ==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu== {{Reflist}} ==Nguôi-buô Lièng-giék== * [http://www.cis.minsk.by/ uōng-câng] [[分類:Céng-dê]] kz22pl9t50o5vzk2pktwwvue3pv6qme Hièng-ū 5 0 36781 106077 2026-10-07T08:34:58Z ~2026-53872-81 25869 Sĭng hiĕk: '''Hièng-ū 5''' (玄武-5, 현무-5) sê [[Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók]] gì [[Hièng-ū (Hĭ-dàng)|Hĭ-dàng]]. Hĭ-dàng sê Bunker buster. 106077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hièng-ū 5''' (玄武-5, 현무-5) sê [[Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók]] gì [[Hièng-ū (Hĭ-dàng)|Hĭ-dàng]]. Hĭ-dàng sê Bunker buster. bictwxluveotxgri4d4l8sfk2qq5nhg