Wikipedia chrwiki https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%AE%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 863 51841 51578 2026-08-22T18:44:37Z InternetArchiveBot 19482 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 51841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ethnic group| |group=Ꮳꮃꭹ |image=<br />[[File:Flag of the Cherokee Nation.svg|none|200px]] Ꮳꮃꭹꭿ ꭰᏸꮅ ꭶꮣꮨ [[File:UKBflag (bordered).png|none|200px]] Ꭰꮒꭹꮪꮹꭹ ꭰꮒꮳꮃꭹ ꭶꮣꮨ Ꭷꮈꭼꭲꮧꮲ ꮧꮒꮴꮇꭿꮝꭹ ꮳꮃꭹꭿ ꭰᏸꮅ ꭶꮣꮨ |poptime=316,049+<br />([[Eastern Band|Ꭷꮈꭼꭲꮧꮲ ꮧꮒꮴꮇꭿꮝꭹ]]: 13,000+, [[Cherokee Nation|Ꮳꮃꭹꭿ ꭰᏸꮅ]]: 288,749, [[United Keetoowah Band|Ꭰꮒꭹꮪꮹꭹ ꭰꮒꮳꮃꭹ]]: 14,300)<ref name=oia>[http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/ "Pocket Pictorial."] ''[[Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission|Ꭳꭶꮃꮀꮉ ꭰꮎᏼꮻꮿꭲ ꮒꮪꮎꮫꮑꮅꮩꮈ ꭰꮒꭷꮋꮟꮒ]].'' 2010: 6 ᎠᎴ 37. (retrieved 8 ꮕꮣꮥꮖ 2010)</ref> |popplace=[[Ꭰꮉᏸꮯ]] ([[North Carolina|Ꭶꮿꮄꮒ]] Ꭰꮄ [[Oklahoma|Ꭳꭶꮃꮀꮉ]]) |rels=[[Christianity|Ꮷꮎꮑꮔꮧ ꮧꮑꮈꮩꮧ]], Four Mother's Society, Ꭰꮄ ꭶꮪꮹ [[Religion|Ꮧꮑꮈꮩꮧ]] |ꮒꭶꮫꭶꮯꮜꮕ=[[Ꭹꮅꮟ ꭶꮼꮒꭿꮝꮧ|Ꭹꮅꮟ]], [[Ꮳꮃꭹ ꭶꮼꮒꭿꮝꮧ|ꮳꮃꭹ]] |related= }} Ꮎ '''ꮳꮃꭹ''' (ꭰꮒᏼꮻꮿ) ꭽꮻꮎꮧꮲ ꭿꭰ [[Ꮳꮃꭹ ꭶꮼꮒꭿꮝꮧ]], ꭰꮄ ᏼꮻ ꮎᏸꭿꮿ [[Ꮷᏼꮲ ꭰꮉᏸꮅ]], ꭶꭺ ꮎꮎꭲ ꭿꭰ ꭱꮆꮖ ꭲᏻꮹꭺꮧ ꮪꮣꮒᏼꮢ ꭽꮻꮎꮧꮲ ꭿꭰ [[16th ꮝꭺꭿꮷꮘ ꮷꮥꮨᏼꮧ]], ꭱꮩꮂꭹ ꭶꮩ ꭴꮝꮧ ꭸꮢꭲ ꮎꮚ ꭿꭰ ꭷꮈꭼꭲꮧꮲ ꭰꮉᏸꮯ ꭰꮄ Southeastern ꭰꮉᏸꮯ [[Ꭲᏻꮹꭺꮧ]] ꭴꭺꮧꮧ ꭸꮢꭹ forcefully ꭴꮣꮕꮢ ꭿꭰ [[Ozark]] ꭴꮹꮎꮥꮝꭹ. Ꭴꮕꮜ ꭸꮢꭹ ꮜꮚ ꭿꭰ ꭰꮒꮃꮝꮣꮈ ꮹꮞꮈꭿ ꮵꮔꮝꮧ ꭿꭰ [[ꭿꮝꭹ ꭴꮎꮣꮕꮨꮜꮕ ꮜꮝꮐꭳꮜꮃꮜꮖꮉꮖꮉꮜꮖꮉꮖꮹꮬꮃꮖꮹꮬꮉꮎꮉꮉꮎꮏꮎ]]. == ᎦᏚ ᎠᏄᏬᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏓᎪᏍᎬ == ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏚ ᎠᏄᏬᏍᏗ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏓᏛᏁᎲ 250,000 [[ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ]] ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[ᏓᎵᏆ, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ]] (ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ]] ᎠᎴ [[ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎩᏚᏩ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ]]) ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ [[ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎤᏴᏢ ᎧᎶᎵᎾ]] ([[ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ]]). ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ-ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Georgia|ᏣᏥᏱ]], [[Missouri|ᎻᏑᎵ]] ᎠᎴ [[Alabama|ᎠᎳᏆᎹ]]. ᏐᎢ ᎡᏆ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ-ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎷᏨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[ᏲᏩᏁᎬ]], ᎻᏑᎵ, [[ᏖᎾᏏ]], ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. 1984 KJRH-TV [[ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ]], "''ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏥᎸ''" explored ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ [[ᎩᏚᏩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]], ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ceremonies ᎠᎴ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ. Redbird ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎵᏂᎬ Nighthawk ᎨᎳ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ revitalized ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ [[20th ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ]]. ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎠᎳᏍᎩᏓ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᎠᏓᏣᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎩᏚᏩ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩ ᏧᏂᏥ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᏓᏂᏍᏇᎵᏲᎬ "ᏣᎳᎩ" ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏚᏙᎥ, "ᏣᎳᎩ" (ᏣᎳᎩ) – ᎪᎯ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏄᎾᏓᏛᏁᎸ phonetically ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Portuguese (ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ''barranquenho'' ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ [[ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Soto]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]) ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ''chalaque'', ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ''cheraqui'', ᎠᎴ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ''ᏣᎳᎩ''. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ "r" ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᏚᏃᏴᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ, ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ "ᏣᎳᎩ" ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏁᏨᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏂᏪᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Ꮳ-ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ-Ꭹ (ᎢᎦᏪᏛ Jah-ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ-gee ᎠᎴ Cha-ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ-gee) ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎩ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏃᏴᎬ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ "ᏣᎳᎩ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ. ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎧᏁᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ trilled "r" ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ Europeans ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ ᎠᎴ [[Spanish|ᏍᏆᏂ]] ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Georgia|ᏣᏥᏱ]] ᎠᎴ [[Alabama|ᎠᎳᏆᎹ]] ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 1700s. ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ [[ᎠᏂᎫᏔᏂ]] ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ "r" ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᏚᏃᏴᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ "ᏣᎳᎩ" ᎨᏒᎢ derived ᎧᏁᏨ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ [[Choctaw|ᎠᏂᏣᏓ]] ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ derived ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ [[Choctaw|ᎠᏂᏣᏓ]] ᎧᏁᏨ "Cha-ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ-kee" ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ "ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏙᏓᎸ" ᎠᎴ "ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏔᎦᎳᏱ." ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᎥ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎢ ''Ah-Ꮒ-yv-wi-Ꮿ'' (ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᏢᏔᏅᎯ "ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏫ ᏴᏫ"). ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎤᎭ ᏚᏙᎥ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ ᎪᎯ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏯᏅᏛ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩ. == ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ == [[File:Sequoyah.jpg|thumb|[[ᏍᏏᏉᏯ]]]] ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎧᏁᎬ [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ [[Polysynthetic language|polysynthetic]] ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[syllabary]] ᎦᎾᎬᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ [[ᏍᏏᏆᏱ]]. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏊ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ Ꮎ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ Syllabary Ꮎ predated ᏍᏏᏆᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏓᎵᎦᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᏆ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏭᏓᏁᎸᎩ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ [[Anikutani|ᎠᏂᎫᏔᏂ]], ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅ transliterated ᏣᎳᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎾᏁᏍ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎥᏳᎩ intercompatible ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᏗᎦᎪᏗ ᎠᏥᏄ ᎪᏫᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ syllabary. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏰᎵ ᎣᏏ ᎾᏞᎬ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎩᎶ ᏂᏓᏳᏅᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ [[Unicode/Cherokee|Unicode]], ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ experiencing ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎾᏁᏍ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, Ꮎ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 2006 ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏙᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ-unicode ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ online ᎪᏪᎵᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎯ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ online ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" ! colspan="3" | a ! colspan="2" | e ! colspan="2" | i ! o ! u ! v /ə̃/ |- | colspan="3" | Ꭰ a | colspan="2" | Ꭱ e | colspan="2" | Ꭲ i | Ꭳ o | Ꭴ u | Ꭵ v |- | Ꭶ ga | colspan="2" | Ꭷ ka | colspan="2" | Ꭸ ge | colspan="2" | Ꭹ gi | Ꭺ go | Ꭻ gu | Ꭼ gv |- | colspan="3" | Ꭽ ha | colspan="2" | Ꭾ he | colspan="2" | Ꭿ hi | Ꮀ ho | Ꮁ hu | Ꮂ hv |- | colspan="3" | Ꮃ la | colspan="2" | Ꮄ le | colspan="2" | Ꮅ li | Ꮆ lo | Ꮇ lu | Ꮈ lv |- | colspan="3" | Ꮉ ma | colspan="2" | Ꮊ me | colspan="2" | Ꮋ mi | Ꮌ mo | Ꮍ mu | Ᏽ mv |- | Ꮎ na | Ꮏ hna | Ꮐ nah | colspan="2" | Ꮑ ne | colspan="2" | Ꮒ ni | Ꮓ no | Ꮔ nu | Ꮕ nv |- | colspan="3" | Ꮖ qua | colspan="2" | Ꮗ que | colspan="2" | Ꮘ qui | Ꮙ quo | Ꮚ quu | Ꮛ quv |- | Ꮝ s | colspan="2" | Ꮜ sa | colspan="2" | Ꮞ se | colspan="2" | Ꮟ si | Ꮠ so | Ꮡ su | Ꮢ sv |- | Ꮣ da | colspan="2" | Ꮤ ta | Ꮥ de | Ꮦ te | Ꮧ di | Ꮨ ti | Ꮩ do | Ꮪ du | Ꮫ dv |- | Ꮬ dla | colspan="2" | Ꮭ tla | colspan="2" | Ꮮ tle | colspan="2" | Ꮯ tli | Ꮰ tlo | Ꮱ tlu | Ꮲ tlv |- | colspan="3" | Ꮳ tsa | colspan="2" | Ꮴ tse | colspan="2" | Ꮵ tsi | Ꮶ tso | Ꮷ tsu | Ꮸ tsv |- | colspan="3" | Ꮹ wa | colspan="2" | Ꮺ we | colspan="2" | Ꮻ wi | Ꮼ wo | Ꮽ wu | Ꮾ wv |- | colspan="3" | Ꮿ ya | colspan="2" | Ᏸ ye | colspan="2" | Ᏹ yi | Ᏺ yo | Ᏻ yu | Ᏼ yv |} == ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ == {| cellpadding="3" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellspacing="0" align="right" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse; margin-left: 12px" |-- |colspan="2" bgcolor="#fee8ab" style="text-align:center"| '''U.S. Population'''<ref>Population figures (rounded off) from Russell Thornton, ''American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987), p. 115.; 1990 population figure from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210081850/http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_006500_cherokee.htm ''Encyclopedia of North American Indians'']; 2000 population from a [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/2002-02-13-indians.htm USA Today news story], which explains that the 2000 population figure increased so dramatically because of a greater effort to count everybody, and because multi-racial people were, for the first time, able to identify themselves as belonging to more than one group.</ref> |-- | style="background: #fff6d9;" | '''Year''' | style="background: #fff6d9;" | '''Population''' |-- | 1650 | align=right | 22,000 |-- | 1808 | align=right | 13,000 |-- | 1835 | align=right | 21,500 |-- | 1850 | align=right | 16,000 |-- | 1890 | align=right | 28,000 |-- | 1910 | align=right | 31,500 |-- | 1970 | align=right | 66,000^* |-- | 1980 | align=right | 232,000^* |-- | 1990 | align=right | 308,132^* |-- | 2000 | align=right | 729,533^* |-- | colspan="2" style="background: #fff6d9;" | <small>*new counting methods used</small> |} ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ unified ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ interrelated ᎦᏚᎲᎢ-ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 18th ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ "ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ" Moytoy, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎠᏂᏙᎯ, ᎠᏍᎦᏯ Alexander Cumming. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1730, ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Moytoy [[Tellico|ᏖᎵᎪ]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏚᏓᏂᎸᏨ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎯᎠ "ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ" ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏁᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ. Moytoy ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏚᏓᏂᎸᏨ recognize ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ, George ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎵᏍᎩ. ᎯᏍᎩ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᎪᎯ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏚᎾᎵᎸ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ [[ᏐᎦᎴᏂ]] ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᎯᎠ ᎦᏓ ᎦᏂᏴᏙ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏫᏛᏗ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎦᏙᎳ Ꮿ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏓ ᎦᏂᏴᏙ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ Moytoy ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ avuncular ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ. ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎯᎠ [[ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᏓᏄᏩ]] (ᎣᏂᏱᏳ 1700s), ᎠᏰᏗ ᎢᏳᏓᏛ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ ᏗᎳᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᎦᏛᎴᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎦᏁᎳ, ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᏄᏩᎫᏔᏅ ᏓᏂᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ treaties, ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Mississippi|ᎻᏏᏏᏈ]] ᎤᏪᏴ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ Ꮎ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᎴ [[Missouri|ᎻᏑᎵ]]. ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᎸ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎪᏢᏅ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏒᎯᏰᏱ. Francis ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎤᏪᏴ ᎾᎥᎢ 1800. ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎡᏆ ᏗᏎᏍᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎪᏢᏅ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎧᏃᎯᏴᎯ ᎤᏂᎷᏨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ, ᎬᏙᏗ boundaries ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᏪᏴ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎤᏪᏴ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[ᏥᎧᎹᎩ]]. ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[Dragging Canoe|Dragging ᏥᏳ ᎤᏍᏗ]], ᎯᎠ ᏥᎧᎹᎩ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Shawnee (tribe)|Shawnee]] ᎠᎴ ᏚᎾᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏲᏎᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᎸ. ᏐᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ, ᏍᏏᏆᏱ, ᎠᎹ ᎦᏄᎪᎬ ᏩᎶᏏ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Dutch. ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ 1820s, ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏤᎸ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᏣᎳᎩ. ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ Washington, D.C., ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎨᎠᎵ ᎠᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎧᏃᎯᏴᎯ. ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏔᎵ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ: ᎠᎵᎪᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ (ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ), ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᏁᎤᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎧᏃᎯᏴᎯ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ. ᏴᏩᏚᏫᏛ 1828, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏗᏍᏡᏴ, ᎢᎦᏛ ᏓᏰᏏ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ. ᎠᏂᏐᎢ disobeyed ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎧᏃᎯᏴᎯ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎧᏃᎯᏴᎯ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᎭ lobbied ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴᏅ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 1900s ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎭ ignored ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ. ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ [[Missouri|ᎻᏑᎵ]] ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ-ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏗᎦᏌᏬᏍᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ "ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎩᎳ Conquered" ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ Northrup, "ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ" ᎾᎥᎢ Thomas E. [[ᎪᏪᎵ]] ᏫᎦᏅᏅ, "ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ" ᎾᎥᎢ James Mooney). [[File:Chief John Ross.jpg|left|thumb|ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Ross]], ca. 1840]] [[ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Ross]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎠᏎᏍᏙ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ. ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏙᏓ emigrated ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Scotland ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᏓᏄᏩ. ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏂᏥ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎩᏄᏙᏗ-ᎩᎬ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏙᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Scotland. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᏄᏛᏁᎵᏙᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1809. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1820, ᎬᏙᏗ ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏒᎧᎵ. ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Ross ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1828 ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ]] ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1866. ᏣᎳᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏧᏩᏓᏔᏅᏒ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ [[Georgia|ᏣᏥᏱ]] ᎠᎴ [[North Carolina|ᎦᏯᎴᏂ]] ᎠᎴ [[South Carolina|ᏐᎦᎴᏂ]] ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᎵᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎾᏂᎥ ᏴᏫ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[gold rush|ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎬᏅᎢᏍᏗ]] ᏴᏩᏚᏫᏛ [[Dahlonega, Georgia|ᏓᎶᏂᎦ, ᏣᏥᏱ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 1830. ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ: [[ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ]], ''[[Cherokee Nation v. Georgia|ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ v. ᏣᏥᏱ]]'', ᎠᎴ [[ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏗᎦᏌᏬᏍᏗ]]. Samuel ᏗᎦᏣᏄᎶ ᎤᎾᏣ, ᎪᏪᎵ [[ᎠᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᏗ]] ''ᏣᎳᎩ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ'', ᎪᏪᎵᎠ, "ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ... ᎾᎿᎢ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎬᏫᏳ ᏕᎫᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᎦᏂᏰᎬ. ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏚᎷᏨ-walled ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ fanned ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, invading ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ, ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ, ᎤᎾᏍᏕᏢ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎳ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎥᏝᎰᏩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎠᏕᎳᎰᎯᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏅᏂᏙᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ prodded ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏫ ᎤᏃᏕᎾ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ, threatened ᎬᏙᏗ ᏗᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏍᏆᎳ ᎦᎶᏇ, ᎠᏥᏠᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏗᏂᏃᎨᏂ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ resisted."<ref>ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Samuel ᏗᎦᏣᏄᎶ ᎤᎾᏣ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ, ''ᏣᎳᎩ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ: ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ Betrayed'' (ᏄᏯᎩ: Doubleday, 1976, ISBN 0-385-06735-6), p. 232.</ref> ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂᏰᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏩᏌᏙᏴ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏓᏂᏐᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᏓᏂᏃᎩᏍᎬ [[ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎢᎤᏪᏥ]] ᎠᏰᎲ ᏰᎵᏊ. ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ, ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎢᎤᏪᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏃᎩᏍᏗ. [[File:Cherokee Supreme Court Building.jpg|thumb|ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ 1800'.]] ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏭᎷᏨᎩ [[ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ]] (ᎾᏊ [[ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ]]), ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏚᏍᏆᎸᏔᏅ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ [[ᎩᎬ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ignored. ᎾᎿ ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 22, 1839, ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᎪᏂᏲᎢᏍᏗ tribal ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗᏱ, ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᏃᏣᎵ signers ᎯᎠ [[ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ]] [[New Echota|ᎠᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ]] ᎨᏒᎩ assassinated, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ drafter ᎯᎠ ᎩᎬ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ, [[ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ]], ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ [[ᎦᎳᏅᎯ ᏣᎴᎩ]] ᎠᎴ [[Elias Boudinot]]. ᎪᎯ ᎤᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ 15 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ [[ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ]] ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ. ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᏪᏛ survivors ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ [[ᏕᎦᏔᎦ]], ᎦᎪ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ [[ᎠᎵᎪᏒ]] ᏂᎦᎥ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ [[ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ]]. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎯᏍᎩ "ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏘᏌᏅ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ" Ꮎ ᎠᏍᏆᏛ treaties ᎬᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᎾᎥᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᎪᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1848 ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ [[California|ᎠᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᏗ]] ᎠᎦᏘᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᏤ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᎸ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏓ ᎯᎠ [[Arkansas River|ᏲᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᏪᏴ]] upstream [[Rocky ᏙᏓᎸ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᏙᎠ-ᎢᎦ ᎧᎶᏩᏓ, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᏙᏓᎸ northward ᎾᎾᎯ ᎡᏙᎠ-ᎢᎦ [[Wyoming|ᏩᏲᎻ]] ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏒ westward. ᎯᎠ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ]]. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ undertook [[ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ]] ᎤᏚᎩ ᎦᎬᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[California|ᎠᏕᎳᏧᏢᎢ]], ᎢᎦᎷᎦ ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ, noticing [[placer mining|placer]] ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᏚᏂᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ tributaries ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ Platte. ᎯᎠ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᎬᎨᏫᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᏙᏧᏓᎴᏅ ᎯᎠ [[ᎧᎶᏩᏓ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎬᏅᎢᏍᏗ]] 1859. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎲᏓ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ [[ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏗᎦᏌᏬᏍᏗ]]. William Holland Thomas, ᎤᏁᎬ ᎠᏓᎾᏅ ᎤᏤᎵᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᎮᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ [[Jackson ᏍᎦᏚᎩ, ᎦᏯᎴᏂ]] ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 600 ᏣᎳᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ [[Qualla|ᏆᎳ]] ᎦᏚᎲ (ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ-ᎢᎦ [[ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎦᏯᎴᏂ]]) ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᎦᏯᎴᏂ citizenship. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏙᎯ ᎠᏕᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏩᏌᏙᏴ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ, ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 400 ᏐᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ hid ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏩᏓᎴ Snowbird ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ [[Graham County, North Carolina|Graham ᏍᎦᏚᎩ, ᎦᏯᎴᏂ]], ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ leadership Tsali<ref>http://www.cherokee-nc.com/history.php?Name=Tsali</ref> (ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎢᏳᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ ''[[Unto These Hills|Unto ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏚᏏ]]'' ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ, NC). ᎢᏧᎳ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏊ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ. ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏣᏘ Thomas, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎦᏯᎴᏂ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ Thomas' ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ. Thomas' ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ mustered ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ 2,000 ᎠᏂᏍᎦᏯ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ, ᏓᎾᎵᎲ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Virginia, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᎪᏪᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏓᏚᏓᎸ.<ref>http://www.cherokee-nc.com/history.php?Name=Will%20Thomas</ref> Thomas' ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ ᎠᎵᎪᏒ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᏧᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ capturing [[Waynesville, ᎦᏯᎴᏂ]] ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 9, 1865. ᎤᏅᏌ ᏚᏓᏂᎸᏨ ᎠᏑᎳᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏓᎾᏩᏄᏁᎯ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᏗᎦᏂᏴᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏂᏃᎨᏂ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᏃᎯᎵᏙᎲ. ᎪᎯ, ᏔᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ [[ᏕᎦᏔᎦ]] ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎫᏰᏉᏂ 23, 1865, ᎤᏓᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎣᏂ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏧᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ. [[File:CherokeeOTSA.PNG|thumb|ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏙᎠ-ᎢᎦ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ Tribal ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ, ᎯᎠ [[Dawes Act|Dawes ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ]] 1887 ᏧᎵᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ tribal ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Curtis ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ [[1898]], ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ governmental ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ abolished ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏗᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏎᎸ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ tribal ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᎠᏰᏍᏛᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ Statehood ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[1907]]. ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ leadership ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ convened ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1938 ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ J. B. Milam ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᎵᏯ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ Franklin Delano Roosevelt ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1941. [[File:A new map of the Cherokee Nation (NYPL b20719744-5387010).jpg|thumb|]] W. W. Keeler ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1949 ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᏗᎳᏏᏙᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ Ꮝ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ W. W. Keeler ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏫ, ᎾᎿ ᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ [[President Nixon|ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Nixon]]. Keeler, ᎦᎪ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Phillips [[ᎪᎢᎯ|ᎪᎢ]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ succeeded ᎾᎥᎢ Ross Swimmer, [[Wilma Mankiller]], [[Joe Byrd]], ᎠᎴ [[Chad "Corntassel" Smith|Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ]] ᎦᎪ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎩᏚᏩ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎦᏅᏅᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ [[ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ]] 1934. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ descended ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎦᏁᎳ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᏓᏅᏒ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎧᏁᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎩᎬ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᏚᎾᏙᎥ. == ᎯᎠ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ == [[File:Cherokee_National_Capitol.jpg|thumb|ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Tahlequah|ᏔᎴᏆ]], ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ.]] ᎯᎠ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ (ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏗ)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070216125423/http://cherokee.org/home.aspx?section=commissions&commission=CCC&ID=THdmeJ7XRJo=</ref> ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏞᎬ ᎢᏧᏩᎪᏗ ᎤᎭ excelled ᎠᎴ ᎤᎭ ugatohvsvi uprecedented ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ, ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ leadership ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ [[ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ]], ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ, ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎤᎬᏩᎵ ᏧᏁᏉᏨ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ ᎠᏙᏢᏍᎩ casino ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ]], ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎡᏆ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ contractor Ꮎ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏁᏍᎨᏓ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏄᏛᎿᏕᎬ clinics ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ, contributed ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ, ᎠᏁᏍᎨᏓ ᎠᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ universities ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ, instilled ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ [[Gadugi]] ᎠᎴ ᎣᏩᏒ-utugi gvsv ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ, revitalized ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᎧᏅᏍᎬ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᏗᏂᏲᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏓᏩᏛᎯᏙᎯ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᎦ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎬᏱ [[ᏚᎵᏍᏗ]] ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ 80,000 90,000 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ Tahlequah, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ festivities. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸᏍᎦ ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ]], tribal newspapers ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ 1828, ᎠᎴ ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸᏍᎦ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏍᏏᏆᏱ Syllabary. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏓᏩᏛᎯᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎡᎯᏍᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ [[Cherokee Heritage Center|ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ ᎠᏰᎵ]] ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏩᏛᎯᏙᎯ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᎬᏅ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ Sundance ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏓᎾᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Tahlequah, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ, Utah, ᎠᎴ ᏓᏓᏁᎳᏁ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᏗ participate ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[ᏪᏌ ᏎᏚᏗ]]. === ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ === ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ environmental ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ. ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ 1992 ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎧᏅᏍᎬ-Tribal Environmental ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ (ITEC).<ref>http://www.itecmembers.org/</ref> ᎯᎠ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ ITEC ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏄᏛᎿᏕᎬ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ, ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎹ. ᎠᏍᏆᏗᏍᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ ITEC ᏓᏓᏁᎳᏁ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ, ᎠᎨᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ environmental ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ environmental ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ. ᎾᏊ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏦᏍᎪᎯ-ᏐᏁᎳ (39) ITEC ᎨᎳ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ, ᏍᏆᏂᏤᏍᏛᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏅᏓᎩ. === ᏣᎳᎩ Freedmen ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ Controversies === ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ 7, 2006, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏚᏃᏣᎳᏅ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ Freedmen, ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ African ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎦᎪ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎪ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏊ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ classified ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎤᏴᎸᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Dawes ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᏗᏲᏛᎯ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 1900s.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070213034721/http://www.cherokee.org/docs/news/Freedman-Decision.pdf</ref> ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ ᎢᏧᏩᎪᏗ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᎾᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏴᏫ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ viewed ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ racially ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ Freedmen, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᏨᏓᏓᏨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎩᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ. ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏩᏒᎯ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ Freedmen ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎦᎪ ᎾᏊ ᎠᏁᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ Freedmen ᎠᎩᎵᏲᏨ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᏐᏅᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ Citizenship ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎩ viewed ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ freedmen ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎾᎿᏭᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Dawes ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᏗᏲᏛᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 1900'. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ traditionalists ᎤᎭ ᏚᎦᏘᎸᏒ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎳᏗᏍᎩ tribal ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎯᎠ Freedmen; ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ Delaware ᎩᎬ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ treaties ᎠᎴ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎯᎠ Freedmen ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎤᏐᏅᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎤᎦᏙᎲᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ-ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ Statehood ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ Ꮝ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ, ᎠᎴ upheld ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏗ ᎠᏚᏓᎸᏗ ᎢᏗᎦᏗ ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ. ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ ᏚᏃᏣᎳᏅ Ꮎ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ ᎤᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎯᎠ Freedmen ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏊ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᏑᏰᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ amendments ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏢᎯᏌᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏪᎵᏒ ᎠᏓᏍᏚᏁᏗ tribal ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎩᎬ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏫᏍᏓᏗ ᎯᎠ Freedman ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Tribal ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061005084532/http://www.cherokee.org/home.aspx?section=chief&ID=%2FaoDJcgHYwk%3D</ref> ᎾᏊ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏗ ᎠᏓᏍᏚᏁᏗ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎩᎬ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏣᎳᎩ traditionalists ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏫᏓᎧᏃᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ Freedman ᎠᏂᏁᏉᎬ contributed ᏣᎳᎩ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᎢᏧᏩᎪᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎳᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Freedmen ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᏐᎢ traditionalists ᎤᎭ asserted Ꮎ Freedmen ᎤᎭ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ CN. === ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏓᏓᎳᏑᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ === ᎯᎠ [[ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ]], ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]], ᎤᎭ ᎠᏤᎯᏐᏗᏱ sued ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ceding tribal ᎦᏙᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏕᎳ ᎤᏓᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ. ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏓᎳᏑᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏄᎸᏅᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ dismissed. ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ sued ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ HR ᎠᏎᎯᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏎᎯᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏓᏚᎬ 3534, ᎠᏎᎯᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏎᎯᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏓᏚᎬ Ꮎ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎡᎯᏍᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏲᏩᏁᎬ Riverbed ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ hydroelectric ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᎾᏁᎶᏔᏅ. ᎯᎠ ᏓᏓᎳᏑᎸ ᎤᏝᏅᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᏚᎵᎬᏩᎳᏂᏙᎸ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ HR ᎠᏎᎯᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏓ ᎠᏎᎯᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏓᏚᎬ 3534 ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ruled ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏓᏓᎳᏑᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᏜᎩ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎤᏤᎵ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ casino ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ [[ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ]] ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ casinos), ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎠᏏᏇ sued ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ tribal ᎦᏙᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏁᏍᎬᏗ casinos. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏓᎳᏑᎸ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ dismissed, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ruled [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂᏓᏛ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎯᎵᏒ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᎪ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏔᎵ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎤᏎᎸ ᎢᏳᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎯᎵᏒ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎤᏎᎸ ᎢᏳᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᎦ, ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ perceived ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ garnered ᏄᎦᏎᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎪᎯᏳᎲᏍᎬᎾ. ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎤᏃᎮᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏤᎢ ᏣᏥᏲᎯᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎠᏓᏍᏛᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] casino ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ reacted unfavorably ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]] ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏂᎬᎢ viewed ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎤᏝᏏᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᎾᏛᏍᎬᎾ ᎾᎥᎢ [[United Keetoowah Band|ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ]]. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏬᎯᏳ ᎯᎠ UKB ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮭ ᎦᏅᎯᏓᎨ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ "ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ" ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎭ ᎠᎰᎵ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᎤᏃᎮᎸᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏤᎢ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎳᏅ. Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ criticized ᎯᎠ UKB ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ disgracing ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ behaving ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ "ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᎵᏖᎸᏗ. ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ Societies, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎯᎠ UKB, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ democratic societies ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ Ꮭ ᎦᏅᎯᏓᎨ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ tribal ᎠᏁᎳ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ UKB ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎬᎢ criticized ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎡᏆ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ UKB ᎠᏁᎳ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᏅᎯ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ revered ᏣᎳᎩ traditionalists ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎠ UKB ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. === ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ === ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎭ ᏚᏃᏣᎳᏅ ᎠᎴ participated ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏫᏢ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ ᎨᎳᏗᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ cultural ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏫᏢ Tribal ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᏓᎾᏠᏍᎦ involving councilors ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏗᏓᏂᏴᏗ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎯᎠ [[ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎩᏚᏩ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ]] adversarial ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ, ᎯᎠ [[ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ]] ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏓᏁᎭ unified ᎠᏓᏅᏙ [[ᎦᏚᎩ]] ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ. ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᏨᏓᏓᏨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᎠᏁᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. '''ᎠᎾᎩᏍᏗᎯᏳᎩ''' ᎨᏒᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ. ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᎬᏅ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ '''ᎠᎾᎩᏍᏗᎯᏳᎩ''' ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. === ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Joe Byrd ᎤᏤᎵ 1997 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ Controversies === ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Joe Byrd, ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ 1995 ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏚᏓᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ Ꮝ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ. ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏗᎨᏥᎾᏝᎢ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏗ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᏗᏗᏲᎯᎯ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᏗᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ, ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ, ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ wiretapping, ᎪᏪᎵ ᏫᎦᏅᏅ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. Joe Byrd ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ [[ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ]] ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 1995 1999 ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ [[ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 1999 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ, ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ]] ᎤᎦᏙᎲᏒᎢ nationwide ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎤᏐᏅ ᎠᏓᏚᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎠᏓᎩᎡᏗ, ᎠᏤᏫᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏕᎠᎲ, ᎤᏲᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. Joe Byrd ᎤᏤᎵ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎫᏓᎸᏙ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, ᎤᏒᏕᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎠᎾᎩᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᏓᏥᏂᏴᎡᎸᎩ ᎠᎴ orchestrated ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ. Byrd ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ boarded ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᏁᎳᏛᏅ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏕᎠᎲ. Byrd ᎠᏁᎳᏛᏅ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ re-ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 2003 ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏏᏇ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎳ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Chad ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏎᎪᎩᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ, ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ [[Joe Byrd (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ)]]. == ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ == ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ [[ᏍᏏᏆᏱ]], ᎦᎪ ᎦᎾᎬᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ. ᏍᏏᏆᏱ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎦᏲᎵ ᏴᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ [[ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ]] ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ. ᏍᏏᏆᏱ ᎥᏝ ᎤᏕᎶᏆᎥ ᎧᏁᎬ, ᎥᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ. [[Nancy Ward|Nancy ᎠᏥᎦᏘᏯ]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ "ᎠᏓᎨᏳᏗ ᎠᎨᏴ" ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎠᏎᏍᏙ. ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᎮᎯ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ [[Chad "ᎤᏥᏣᏔ" ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ]], [[Wilma Mankiller]] ᎠᎴ [[Ross Swimmer]]. ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎧᏂᎬᎾᎥ-ᏅᏯ guitarist [[Jimi Hendrix]] ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᎦᏴᎵᎨ ᎤᎵᏏ, Nora ᎠᏥᎸᏍᎩ Moore. [[Oral Roberts|ᎧᏁᏨᎯ Roberts]], ᎬᏙᏗ-ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 1950s ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ 1990s, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏆᏂᏲᏍᏗ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎬ ᎨᎳ ᎯᎠ [[Choctaw|ᎠᏂᏣᏓ]] ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᏁᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏣᎳᎩ. === ᎢᎦᏪᏛ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ === * [[Attakullakulla|ᎠᏔᎫᎳᎫᎳ]] (ca. 1708—ca. 1777), [[Chota|ᏦᏔ]] ᎤᎦᏪᎤᏪ; * [[Elias Boudinot]] (1802—1839); * [[Brad Carson]], ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ, ᎠᏍᎪᎵ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, Tribal ᎨᎳ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ; * [[Ned Christie]] (1852—1892), ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏓ ᎠᎴ Frontiersman ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᎸ, Tribal ᎨᎳ, ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ; * [[Joseph J. Clark]] (1893—1971); * [[ᏔᎵᏧᏍᎦ]] (d. 1807); * [[ᏥᏳ ᎦᏅᏏᏂ]] (ca. 1738—1792); * [[Wilma Mankiller]] (1945—2010), [[chief|ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ]]; * [[J. B. Milam]] (1884—1949), [[chief|ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ]]; * [[Will Rogers]], [[actor|ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ]], ᏥᏍᎪᏯ ᎠᎴ entertainer<ref>http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/fed-indian-policy/</ref>; * [[ᎩᏚᏩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]], ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᎮᎯ, Tribal ᎨᎳ, UKB; * [[ᏍᏏᏉᏯ]] (ca. 1767—1843); * [[ᏪᏌ ᏍᏚᏗ]] (b. 1947), [[actor|ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ]]; * [[ᏕᎦᏔᎦ]] (1806—1871). == ᎯᎪᏩᏔ ᎾᏍᎦ ᎾᏍᏇ == * [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] * [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ]] * [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎦᏯ]] * [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏯᏩᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎯᏴᎯ]] * [[ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏗᎦᏌᏬᏍᏗ]] * [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎬᎿᎨ ᎠᏗᏔᏍᏗ]] * [[ᎦᏘᏲ ᎠᎵᏍᎩᏍᏗ]] * [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᎾᎵᎯ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] * [[ᎩᏚᏩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] == ᏓᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ == {{reflist}} == ᏫᏓᏎᏄᎢ == * {{cite book|title=Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation|url=https://archive.org/details/trailoftearsrise0000ehle_g9w1|author=John Ehle|publisher=Anchor Books|year=1988|id=ISBN 0-385-23954-8}} * {{cite book|title=Mankiller: A Chief and Her People|author=[[Wilma Mankiller]], Michael Wallis|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|year=1999|id=ISBN 0-312-20662-3}} * {{cite book|author=Deborah L. Duvall|title=[[Tahlequah|ᏔᎴᏆ]] ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ.|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-7385-0782-2 }} * {{cite book|author=John R. Finger|title=Cherokee Americans: The Eastern Band of Cherokees in the Twentieth Century|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press|ᏎᎷᏱ ᏧᎾᏕᏠᏆᏍᏗᎢ ᏗᏂᎴᏴᏗᏍᎩ]]|year=1993|id=ISBN 0-8032-6879-3}} * {{cite book|author=[[Sarah H. Hill|Sarah H. ᎦᏚᏏ]]|title=Weaving New Worlds: Southeastern Cherokee Women and Their Basketry|publisher=ᎦᏯᎴᏂ ᏧᎾᏕᏠᏆᏍᏗᎢ ᏗᏂᎴᏴᏗᏍᎩ|year=1997|id=ISBN 0-8078-4650-3}} * {{cite book|author=[[Jack Kilpatrick]] and [[Anna Gritts Kilpatrick]]|title=Friends of Thunder: Folktales of the Oklahoma Cherokees|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press|ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ ᎦᎸᎾᏗ ᏧᎾᏕᏠᏆᏍᏗᎢ ᏗᏂᎴᏴᏗᏍᎩ]]|year=1995|id=ISBN 0-8061-2722-8}} * {{cite book|author=[[Howard Meredith]] and [[Mary Ellen Meredith]]|title=Reflection on Cherokee Literary Expression|publisher=Edwin Mellon Press|year=2003|id=ISBN 0-7734-6763-7}} * {{cite book|author=[[Rennard Stickland]]|title=Fire and the Spirits: Cherokee Law from Clan to Court|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press|ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ ᎦᎸᎾᏗ ᏧᎾᏕᏠᏆᏍᏗᎢ ᏗᏂᎴᏴᏗᏍᎩ]]|year=1982|id=ISBN 0-8061-1619-6}} == ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ == {{commonscat|Cherokee}} <br> * [http://www.cherokee.org ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201023104950/http://www.unitedkeetoowahband.org/ United Keetoowah Band ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ] * [http://www.cherokee-nc.com/ Eastern Band Cherokee Nation ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080520112929/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/J84xSIx2x1xv19a/ Annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (1897/98: pt.1)], ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎾᎥᎢ James Mooney * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228190253/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2722 New [[Georgia|ᏣᏥᏱ]] Encyclopedia] [[Category:ᏣᎳᎩ| ]] [[Category:To be checked]] oq730nt073yxre5llkj8rpgbh0cosop 0 1639 51840 51623 2026-08-22T18:44:15Z InternetArchiveBot 19482 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 51840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᎨᏥᎧᎲᏓ ᎠᏁᎬᎢ''' - ᏓᎾᏓᏍᎧᎩ [[Image:TrailofTearsMemorial.jpg|thumb|ᎪᎯ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ [[New Echota Historic Site|ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ]] ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏗᎦᏌᏬᏍᏗ.]] ᎯᎠ '''ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ''' ᏩᏎᎯᎰᎢ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎨᎴᎮᎯᏒ ᎦᎷᏨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1838 ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ]] [[ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ]] ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ [[ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ]], ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ 4,000 ᏣᎳᎩ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ]], ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ''Nunna daul Isunyi''—"ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗ." ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᏩᏌᏙᏱ ᎤᎾᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ [[ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ]] ᏓᏁᎸᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎧᏁᏣ "ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏊ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏂᏕᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᏴᏫ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎯᎠ "[[ᎯᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏘᏌᏅ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ]]" ᎯᎠ [[ᎠᏂᎧᏫᏔ]], [[Choctaw]], [[Seminole]], [[Chickasaw]] ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩ . ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Treaty of New Echota|ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ]], ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Indian Removal Act|ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ]] 1830, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏓ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎯᎠ [[Mississippi River|ᎻᏏᏏᏈ ᎤᏪᏴ]], ᎠᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎥᏝ ᏗᏓᏂᎸᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏓᏓᏘᏂᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. ᎡᏍᎦᏗᏢ, ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ [[ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ]] [[ᎤᏬᏢᏗ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ]], ᎦᎪ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 17,000 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ. ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ. ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏚᎾᏁᎶᏅ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ ᎤᏩᏌᏊ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎬ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏂᎩᏍᏗ. == ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ == ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎾᏂᎥ ᏴᏫ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 19th ᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎤᏂᎷᏨ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᎶᏛ ᎬᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᏀᎢᏳᎢ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏚᎳᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏚᎳᏗ ᎦᎷᏨ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᏠᏱ. ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ 1802]], ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ [[ᏣᏥᏱ]] ᏗᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ Ꮝ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᎾᏗᏍᎩ (ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ [[Alabama]] ᎠᎴ [[ᎻᏏᏏᏈ ]]). ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏚᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎦᎷᏨ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᏣᏥᏱ, ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎠᏟᎶᏛ ᎬᎪᏛ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏣᏥᏱ, [[ᏔᎾᏏ]], [[ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ]], ᎠᎴ Alabama, ᎠᏓᏱᎸ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎪᏢᏅ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1825 ᎾᎾᎢ [[ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ]] (ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᏙᎠ-ᎢᎦ [[Calhoun, ᏣᏥᏱ]]). ᎤᏗᏗᏢᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[John Ross (ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏣᎳᎩ)|ᏣᏂ Ross]] ᎠᎴ [[Major Ridge|ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ]], ᎯᎠ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏗ ᏀᎾ [[ᎫᏰᏉᏂ 26]], [[1827]], [[ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗ]] ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. == ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎬᏅᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ == [[Image:Chief John Ross.jpg|thumb|ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏣᏂ Ross]] ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ [[Dahlonega, ᏣᏥᏱ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1829, ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎬᏅᎢᏍᏗ]], ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ [[ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎬᏅᎢᏍᏗ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꭴ.. ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ. ᎤᏚᎩ ᎤᏩᎯ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ speculators ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎠᏓᏕᏯᏙᏗ ᏀᎾ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎠᎩᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎧᎵᏐᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏚᏯᏍᏓᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ 1802. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎤᏓᏅᏒ ᎧᏁᏉᏍᏗ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏧᏂᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1830, ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ [[Supreme Court of the United States|Ꭴ.. ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ]]. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ''[[Cherokee Nation v. ᏣᏥᏱ|ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ v. ᏣᏥᏱ]]'' (1831), ᎯᎠ [[John Marshall|Marshall ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ]] ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᏜ "ᎢᏅ ᏕᎨᏒ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ," ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ "ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ, ᎦᏛᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ" ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚ ᏗᏄᏬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Court's ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎦᏚ ᏗᏄᏬ,''[[Worcester v. State of ᏣᏥᏱ|Worcester v. ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏣᏥᏱ]]'' (1832), ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᏛᏗ, ᏚᏂᏴᏒ Ꮎ ᏣᏥᏱ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎧᏁᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏧᏂᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏀᎾ ᎨᏒ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ (ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ) ᎠᏰᎲ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᏂᏚᎾᏛᏁᎵᏙᎸ. ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏣᏥᏱ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏕᏯᏙᏗ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏔᏅᎢ Court's ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏚᏓᎸᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[Andrew Jackson|ᎤᏬᏢᏗ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ]], ᎦᎪ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏁᎤᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᏁᏨ: "ᏣᏂ Marshall ᎤᎭ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ; ᎾᏊ ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ!" ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎥᏝ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎪᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏂᎧᎵ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᏗᎳᏏᏙᏗ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ. ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎠᏰᎲ Ꮭ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏣᏥᏱ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏳᎳ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ [[states' rights|ᎧᏃᎮᎭ' ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ]] ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᏓᎪᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ [[nullification crisis|ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ]]. ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Indian Removal Act|ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ]] 1830, ᎯᎠ [[United States Congress|Ꭴ.. ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ]] ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ, ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎻᏏᏏᏈ ᎤᏪᏴ. ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏗᏒᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏣᏥᏱ ᏩᏗᏱ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ.<ref>ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᏯ p. 257, Prucha p. 212.</ref> == ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ == [[Image:Major ridge.jpg|thumb|left|ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ]] ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏩᏒᎬ [[U.S. presidential election, 1832|ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ ᎤᏬᏢᏗ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1832, ᎢᎦᏛ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ strident ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏓᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏀᎾ ᎠᏂᏙᎬ. ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ [[Major Ridge|ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ]], ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏪᏥ [[John Ridge|ᏣᏂ ᏣᎴᎩ]], ᎠᎴ ᎤᏓᏚᏥᏴ [[Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)|ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ Boudinot]] ᎠᎴ [[ᏕᎦᏔᎦ]], ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᏓᎪᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ "ᏣᎴᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ", ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ "ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ". ᎯᎠ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏔᏅ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎦᏁᎳ, ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏱᏓᏛᎿ ᎡᏍᎦ ᎢᏴ. ᏣᏂ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎠᏥᏁᏤᎸ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎪ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ 1820s. ᏀᎢᏳ ᏯᏛᎿ, ᎢᎬᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏣᏥᏱ [[Georgia Land Lottery|ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᏚᏂᏴᏒ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ]] ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎠᏯᏔᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏣᏥᏱ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[John Ross (Cherokee chief)|ᏣᏂ Ross]] ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏚᎦᏘᎸᏒ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ. ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ: ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross ᎠᏎᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1832, ᎯᎠ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏓᏄᎪᏫᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎴᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎨᎳ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ, ᎾᏓᏛᏁᎲ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ. ᎪᎯ ᏗᏍᏡᏴ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏀᎢ ᏔᎵ ᏚᎾᏓᏡᎬ: ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ, ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ; ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏚᎾᏓᏡᎬ, ᎦᎪ ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎫᏫᏍᎫᏫ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1835, ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ [[John F. Schermerhorn|ᏣᏂ F. Schermerhorn]] ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎧᎻᏏᏂ. ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎫᏴᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ 4.5 ᎢᏳᏆᏗᏅᏓ ᎤᏂᏃᏍᏓ (ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᏐᎢ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ) ᎠᎲᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[ᏚᏂᏃᏗ]] 1835 ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ. ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross, ᎠᏁᎶᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏒᏢᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏬᏏᏓᏂ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏣᏂ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᎢᏤ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏃᎮᎴᎢ ᎾᏛᏁᎲ Schermerhorn. ᏀᎢᏳ ᏯᏛᎿ, Schermerhorn ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏅᎯ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏬᏢᏗ-ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎾᎾᎢ [[New Echota|ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ]], [[ᏣᏥᏱ]]. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎯᏍᎩ ᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᏣᎳᎩ (ᏄᏍᏛ ᏕᎫᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ) ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎠᏓᏯᏅᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ, ᏀᎾ [[December 30|ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 30]], [[1835]], ᏔᎳᏍᎪᎯ-ᏌᏊ proponents ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎠᏂ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ Boudinot, ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ "X" ᏚᏙᏪᎸᎢ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ [[Treaty of New Echota|ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ]]. ᏣᏂ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏙᎬ Watie ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᏬᏏᏓᏂ. ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ, ᎤᏓᏱᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ ᏗᎦᏃᎸᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏣᏂ ᏣᎴᎩ (ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1829) ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏅᏨ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ. ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᏜ ᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎵᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ. ᎪᎯ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎤᏓᏁᎸ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎯᎠ [[Mississippi River|ᎻᏏᏏᏈ ᎤᏪᏴ]]. ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎦᎾᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎵᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ, ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏍᏓᏱᏓᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᏀᎾ [[May 23|ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 23]], [[1836]], ᎾᎥᎢ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏌᏊ ᎠᏓᏑᏰᏍᎬ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ (ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎴᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ) ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎾᏊ ᎨᏒ, ᎠᏕᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎦᏳᎳ ᎤᎾᏂᎩᏍᏗ. ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ 1836, ᎦᏬᎯᏣᎯ 6,000 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏓᏅᏒ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ. ᎦᏬᎯᏣᎯ 16,000 ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ; ᎯᎠ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎤᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏂ ᏔᎵ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ. == ᎨᎴᎮᎯᏒ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ == [[Image:Trail of tears map NPS.jpg|thumb|500px|ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏝᏗᏍᏗ]] ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹ ᎦᏄᎪᎬ 1838, ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross ᎤᏓᏁᎸᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏔᏲᎯᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᏣᎯ 15,000 ᏣᎳᎩ ᏚᏙᎥ ᎪᏪᎸ, ᎠᏓᏛᏛᎲᏍᎬ ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᏝᏏᏛ ᎦᏅᏍᎨᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᏀᎾ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ. ᎤᏤᎵᏛ, ᏀᎾ [[April 23|ᎫᏬᏂ 23]], [[1838]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅ ᎩᎶ ᏂᏓᏳᏅᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ Jackson's ᎠᏍᏆᏗᏍᏗ, ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ [[Martin Van Buren|ᏡᏡ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ Buren]], ᎦᏂᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ "ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ." <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080524061215/http://www.rwe.org/comm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=252 Letter to President Van Buren], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], 1838-04-23</ref> ᎡᏍᎦᏗᏢ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[May 23|ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 23]], [[1838]], ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏓ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ, ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ Buren ᏓᏥᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᏂᎦᎥ [[Winfield Scott|ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ Scott]] ᎠᏍᎪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ ᏀᎾ [[May 17|ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 17]], [[1838]], ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 7,000 ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᏥᏱ ᏀᎾ [[ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 26]] [[1838]]; ᏍᎪᎯ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏖᎾᏏ, ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ , ᎠᎴ Alabama. ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 17,000 ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ 2,000 ᎬᎿᎨ [[slavery in the United States|ᏗᎨᏥᎾᏝᎢ]] ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏪᎿᎢ Cherokees—were ᎠᎲᏓ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎦᎶᏇ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏚᏁᏅᏒ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᏦᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏄᏬ ᏀᎾ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏐᎯ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏀᎢᏳᎢ ᏭᏚᏓᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᎠᏁᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏗᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎾᎾᎢ Ross's ᎦᏙᎯ ᎦᎷᎬ ([[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga, ᏖᎾᏏ]]) ᎠᎴ Gunter's ᎦᏙᎯ ᎦᎷᎬ ([[Guntersville, Alabama]]) ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ [[Tennessee River|ᏖᎾᏏ ᎤᏪᏴ]], ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ [[Fort Cass|ᏗᏐᏴ Cass]] ([[Charleston, Tennessee|ᏣᎵ ᎢᏯᏛᏂ, ᏖᎾᏏ]]) ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ [[Hiwassee River|Hiwassee ᎤᏪᏴ]] ([[Calhoun, Tennessee|Calhoun, ᏖᎾᏏ]]). ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏀᎾᎢ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ [[Indian Territory|ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᏀᎾ ᎨᏒ]], ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏁᏙᎵᏙᎲ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᏅ ᏐᏈᎵ, ᏓᏆᎴᎷ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏳ, ᏀᎾ ᎢᏴᎢ ᏴᏩᏚᏫᏛ 1,200 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (1,900 km) ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᏦᎢ ᎠᏲᏝᏗᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏢᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ [[ᏗᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏓᏂᎶᎯᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ. ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᏦᎢ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ, ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏔᏲᎯᎯ ᏂᎦᎥ Scott ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎪᎯᏗᏍᏗ [[ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ]] ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏟ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ. ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ; ᏀᎢᏳ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross, ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ ᏗᏓᏂᎸᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏎᎪᎩᏛ, ᎤᏓᏅᏖᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᏀᎾᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏧᏂᎦᏘᎴᏛ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏛ, ᏂᎦᎥ Scott ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎲᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲ 11,000 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ross. ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ-ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ [[ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ]] ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᏀᎾ [[August 28|ᎦᎶᏂ 28]], [[1838]], ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏛᎩ ᏦᎦᏚ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ 1,000 ᏴᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎪᎯ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᏃᏝᎩ, ᎥᏳᎩ ᏙᎢ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎠ. ᎯᎠ ᏎᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎦᎪ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ. ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎦᎾᎦᏘ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ [[Elizur Butler|Elizur ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎦᎵᏦᏕ ᎠᏥᎾᏝᎢ]], ᎦᎪ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ 2,000 ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ 2,000 ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ; ᎤᏤᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ 4,000 ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᎵᏃᎯᏴᎯ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎦᏁᎳ ᎠᏎᏍᏙ. ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ [[Demography|ᎢᎬᎾᏗ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ]] ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1973 ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ 2,000 ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ; ᏄᏓᎴ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1984, ᎠᏍᏆᏛ Ꮎ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ 8,000 ᏴᏫ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ.<ref>Prucha p. 241n58</ref><ref>Ehle pp. 390-92</ref><ref>Russel ᏧᏣᏲᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏂ, "Demography ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Anderson, pp. 75-93.</ref> ᏀᎢᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ, ᏗᏤᎢ Ꮎ ᎤᏂᏣᏘ ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ ''[[Amazing Grace|ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ]]'', ᎬᏗᏍᎬᎢ Ꮝ ᎠᏓᎵᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ morale. ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏁᏢᏙᏗ ᎾᏀᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ [[Samuel Worcester]] ᎬᏙᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏃᎩᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏴᏫ.<ref>Steve ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗ, ''ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ: ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ America's ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏓᎨᏳᏗ ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ'' (ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ Collins, 2003), p. 167</ref><ref>Deborah L Duvall, ''ᏓᎵᏆ: ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ'' (ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏥᏓᏍᏗ ᏓᏂᎴᏴᏗᏍᎩ, 2000), p. 35</ref><ref>ᎤᏪᎾᎢ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ M. Swiderski, ''ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᎩᎵᏏ'' (Bergin Garvey/ᏩᎶᎠ, 1996), p. 91.</ref> == ᏥᏍᏚ == ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎲᏓ ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ [[ᏓᎵᏆ|ᏓᎵᏆ, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ]]. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎢᏤ ᎡᏦᏔ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏣᎴᎩ, ᏣᏂ ᏣᎴᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ Boudinot; ᎯᎠ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎦᏙᎬ Watie ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᎥ ᏴᏫ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᏩᎦᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᏀᎾᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏓ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ. ᎠᏎᏱᎩ 1,000 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ ᏀᎾ ᎤᏤᎵᏓ, ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ (ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎦᏙᎯ) ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ , ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 400 ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[Great Smoky Mountains|ᎡᏆ ᏚᏧᏍᏚ ᏙᏓᎸ]] ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᏓᎪᎥᎩ [[William Holland Thomas|ᏫᎵᎭᎹ Holland ᏙᎹᏏ]] (ᎦᎪ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏧᏣ), ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᏗᏂᏤᎷᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᏌᏊ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏝᏊ ᎠᏰᎸᏗ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ. ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏤᎸ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ '''ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ''' ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1987. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏓᏁᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ 2,200 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (3,540 km) ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ ᏐᏁᎳ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 2004, ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎩ [[Sam Brownback|ᎦᏁᎳ ᏬᏗᎨ ᎦᏐᎯ]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|ᎤᏴᏜ]] [[Kansas]]) ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏩᏁᎸ ᎤᏫᏢ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ (ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎤᏫᏢ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ 37) "ᎠᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ ᎠᏓᏙᎯᏯᏕᏁᏗ ᎣᎵᏓᏍᏔᏅ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ" ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ "ᎤᏓᏂᎳ-ᏁᎭ ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ." ᎯᎠ [[United States Senate|ᏌᏊᎭ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ]] ᎤᎭ ᎩᎳ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ. == ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᏪᎸ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ == * ᏣᎳᎩ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ [[Robert Conley|Robert ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᏂᎬᏅ]] ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ''ᎣᏓᎸ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ'' (1992) <ref>ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᏂᎬᏅ, Robert J. ᎣᏓᎸ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ: ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ. Norman: Ꭴ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ P, 1992</ref> * ᏣᎳᎩ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ [[Diane Glancy]] ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ''ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏐᏆᎸᏗ: ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ'' (1996) ᎨᏒᎢ [[polyvocal]] ᏓᎵᏍᏛ Ꮎ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎦᏙᎲᏒ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎤᏂᎦᏙᎲᏒ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ. <ref>Glancy, Diane. ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏐᏆᎸᏗ: ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎾᏓᎤᎳᏨᏱ. ᏅᏯᎩ: Harcourt ᏕᎦᏂᏴᏛ, 1996</ref> * [[Forrest Carter|ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ]], ᎦᎪ ᎠᏓᎳᏍᏛᏁᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ, ᎪᏪᎵᎠ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ''ᎯᎠ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏡᎬ'' (1976).<ref>ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏡᎬ: ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ. Albuquerque: Ꭴ ᏍᏆᏂᏤᏍᏛᎢ P, 1986 [1976]</ref> * ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏗᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Glenn J. Twist's ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ''ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒᏗ ᎣᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ'' ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏂᏕᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᏓᏓᏘᏂᏒ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ <ref>ᎠᏍᏕᏯᏍᏗ, Glenn J. ''ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒᏗ ᎣᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ: ᎢᏗᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ''. ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎠᏰᎵ: ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ ᏅᎬᎪᏙᏗ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ, 1997</ref> == ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ == * [[ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᎢᏒ ᎯᎠ Navajo]] == ᏓᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ == <references /> == ᏫᏓᏎᎸᎢ == *[[:en:S:Appeal of the Cherokee Nation|Appeal of the Cherokee Nation]] * {{cite book | last = Anderson | first = William L| title = Cherokee Removal: Before and After | edition = | publisher = Athens, ᏣᏥᏱ: University of Georgia Press | year = 1991 | id = ISBN 082031482X }} * {{cite book | last = Carter | first = Samuel | title = Cherokee Sunset: A Nation Betrayed | url = https://archive.org/details/cherokeesunsetna0000cart | edition = | publisher = New York: Doubleday | year = 1976 | id = ISBN 0-385-06735-6}} * {{cite book | last = Ehle | first = John | title = Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation | url = https://archive.org/details/trailoftearsrise0000ehle_g9w1 | edition = | publisher = New York: Doubleday | year = 1988 | id = ISBN 0-385-23953-X }} * {{cite book | last = Foreman | first = Grant | title = Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians | edition = 11th printing (1989) | publisher = Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press | year = 1932 | id = ISBN 0-8061-1172-0 }} * {{cite book | last = Prucha | first = Francis Paul | title = The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians (Volume I) | url = https://archive.org/details/greatfatherun01pruc | edition = | publisher = Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press | year = 1984 | id = ISBN 0-8032-3668-9 }} * {{cite book | author = [[Robert V. Remini|ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᏯ, Robert V]] | title = Andrew Jackson and his Indian Wars | url = https://archive.org/details/andrewjacksonhis00remi | edition = | publisher = New York: Viking | year = 2001 | id = ISBN 0-670-91025-2 }} * {{cite book | last = Wallace | first = Anthony FC | title = The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians | url = https://archive.org/details/longbittertraila0000wall | edition = | publisher = New York: Hill and Wang | year = 1993 | id = ISBN 0-8090-6631-9}} [[Category:ᏣᎳᎩ]] [[Category:ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ]] [[Category:To be checked]] 6y0gnhfx3k656t7lrhs64f3zzs1phnj