Dagbani Wikipedia dagwiki https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C9%94%C9%A3u MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Miidiya Diŋ'gahim Yɛltɔɣa Ŋun su Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa Wikipedia Wikipedia yɛltɔɣa Lahabali kɔligu Lahabali kɔligu yɛltɔɣa MiidiyaWiki MiidiyaWiki yɛltɔɣa Tɛmplet Tɛmplet yɛltɔɣa Sɔŋsim Sɔŋsim yɛltɔɣa Pubu Pubu yɛltɔɣa Salima Salima yɛltɔɣa MOS MOS yɛltɔɣa TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 30128 137787 131868 2026-05-29T07:42:18Z CommonsDelinker 128 Replacing Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg with [[File:Edgar_Degas_-_Le_Tub_(1886_Musée_d'Orsay).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: title and year). 137787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} '''Edgar Degas''' ({{IPAc-en|uk|ˈ|d|eɪ|ɡ|ɑː}}, {{IPAc-en|us|d|eɪ|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|,_|d|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː}};<ref>{{cite RDPCE|page=330}}; {{cite book |last=Bollard |first=John K. |title=Pronouncing Dictionary of Proper Names |url=https://archive.org/details/pronouncingdicti00boll |url-access=registration |publisher=Omnigraphics, Inc. |location=Detroit, MI |edition=2nd |year=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pronouncingdicti00boll/page/272 272] |isbn=978-0-7808-0098-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> bɛ dɔɣi o la '''Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas''', {{IPA|fr|ilɛːʁ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ɛdɡaʁ də ɡa|lang}}; 19 July 1834{{spnd}}27 September 1917) ka o daa nyɛ Faransi nira ŋun duraanyiri ka lahi peentira Degas lahi nyɛla ŋun mɛri binyɛra, ka o tuma yaa jendi wa'wariba. O peentibunima pam nyɛla din buɣisiri niriba wahi wabu.<ref>[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/degas-and-his-dancers-79455990/ Trachtman, Paul, ''Degas and His Dancers''], Smithsonian Magazine, April 2003</ref> [[File:Pellegrinibydegas.jpg|thumb|upright=.6|''Carlo Pellegrini'', {{Circa|1876}}; watercolor, oil and pastel on paper]] == Yuki zalibu ni Édouard Manet == Yuuni 2023, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art|The Metropolitan Museum of Art]] din be New York daa zaŋ Degas mini [[Édouard Manet|Manet]] tuma dibaa ayi zali.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Esposito |first=Veronica |date=2023-10-02 |title='It's a very rich story': the complicated connection between Manet and Degas |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/oct/02/manet-degas-exhibit-metropolitan-museum-art-new-york |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrier |first=David |date=2023-11-01 |title=Manet/Degas |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2023/11/artseen/ManetDegas-1 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=The Brooklyn Rail |language=en-US}}</ref> == Anfooninima == === Peentibu === <gallery class="center" widths="150" heights="150"> File:Degas - Self Portrait, c.1852.jpg|Degas - Self Portrait, c.1852 File:Marguerite de Gas 713.jpg|Marguerite de Gas 1853 File:Edgar Degas - Achille De Gas in the Uniform of a Cadet.jpg|''Achille De Gas in the Uniform of a Cadet'', 1856/57, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. File:Edgar Degas - The Bellelli Family - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Bellelli Family]]'', 1858–1867, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Degas, A Woman Seated beside a Vase of Flowers (Madame Paul Valpinçon).jpg|''Woman Seated beside a Vase of Flowers'', 1865, oil on canvas, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City File:The Collector of Prints MET DT1920.jpg|''The Amateur'', 1866, The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City File:Edgar Degas - Portrait of James Tissot.jpg|''James-Jacques-Joseph Tissot (1836–1902)'', 1867, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City File:Edgar Degas - At the Races in the Countryside - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[At the Races in the Countryside]]'', 1869, [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]] File:Edgar Degas - The Orchestra at the Opera - Google Art Project 2.jpg|''The Orchestra of the Opera'', 1870, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Edgar Degas - Portrait of Mlle. Hortense Valpinçon - Google Art Project.jpg|''Portrait of Mlle. Hortense Valpinçon'', c. 1871, [[Minneapolis Institute of Art]] File:Edgar Degas - Chasse de danse.jpg|''[[The Dancing Class]]'', 1871, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 004.jpg|''Ballet Rehearsal'', 1873, The [[Fogg Art Museum]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] File:Edgar Degas - Ballet Rehearsal on Stage - Google Art Project.jpg|''Rehearsal on Stage'', 1874, Musée d'Orsay, Paris File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 037.jpg|''At the'' Café-Concert'': The Song of the Dog'', 1875–1877, Private collection File:Danceringreen.jpg|''Swaying Dancer (Dancer in Green)'', 1877–1879, [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]], Madrid File:Fin d'arabesque, Edgar Degas.jpg|''Fin d'Arabesque'', with ballerina [[Rosita Mauri]], 1877, Musée d'Orsay, Paris File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 069.jpg|''Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet)'' (also with ballerina [[Rosita Mauri]]), 1878 File:Degas - Cafekonzert Sängerin mit Handschuh.jpg|''The Singer with the Glove'', 1878, The [[Fogg Art Museum]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 009.jpg|''Stage Rehearsal'', 1878–1879, The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City File:Portrait of Henri Michel-Lévy by Edgar Degas.jpg|Portrait of [[Henri Michel-Lévy]], 1878, [[Calouste Gulbenkian Museum]] File:Edgar Degas, Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando, 1879.jpg|''[[Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando]]'', 1879, The [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]], London File:Degas - Frau mit Stadtkostüm.jpg|''Woman in Street Clothes, Portrait of Ellen Andrée'', 1879, pastel on paper File:Degas, Deux danseuses .jpg|Deux danseuses, 1879 at the [[Shelburne Museum]] File:Edgar Degas - Waiting - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Waiting (Degas)|Waiting]]'', pastel on paper, 1880–1882 File:Edgar Degas - Before the Race - Walters 37850.jpg|''[[Before the Race (painting)|Before the Race]]'', 1882–1884, oil on panel, [[The Walters Art Museum]], Baltimore File:Edgar Degas - The Millinery Shop - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Millinery Shop]]'', 1885, The [[Art Institute of Chicago]] File:Edgar Degas - Dancers at the Barre - Google Art Project.jpg|''Dancers at the Bar'', 1888, The [[Phillips Collection]], Washington, D.C. File:Three Dancers in Yellow Skirts Edgar Degas.JPG|''Three Dancers in Yellow Skirts'', c. 1891, [[The Detroit Institute of Arts]] File:Edgar Degas - The Milliners - 25-2007 - Saint Louis Art Museum.jpg|''The Milliners'', c. 1898, [[St. Louis Art Museum]] File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 076.jpg|''[[Blue Dancers]],'' 1897, pastel on paper, [[Pushkin Museum]], [[Moscow]] File:Edgar Degas - Ukrainian Dancers - c. 1899.png|''Ukrainian Dancers'', c. 1899, pastel and charcoal on paper, 73 × 59&nbsp;cm, The National Gallery, London </gallery> ===Zaɣima=== <gallery class="center" widths="150" heights="150"> File:Male Nude - Edgar Degas.jpg|''Male Nude'', 1856, oil on canvas, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City File:Young Spartans Exercising National Gallery NG3860.jpg|''[[Young Spartans Exercising]]'', {{Circa|1860–1862}}, [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]], London File:'Woman Getting out of the Bath' by Edgar Degas, Norton Simon Museum.JPG|''Woman Getting out of the Bath'', 1877, [[Norton Simon Museum]], [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] File:Edgar Degas - After the bath, woman drying herself - Google Art Project.jpg|''After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself'', {{Circa|1884–1886}}, reworked between 1890 and 1900, pastel on wove paper, 40.5 × 32&nbsp;cm, [[Musée Malraux]], [[Le Havre]] File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 042.jpg|''Kneeling Woman'', 1884, [[Pushkin Museum]], Moscow File:Edgar Degas - The Tub (Woman in a Tub) (1886) Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Woman in a Tub (Degas)|Woman in a Tub]]'', 1886, [[Hill-Stead Museum]], [[Farmington, Connecticut]] File:Edgar Degas - Le Tub (1886 Musée d'Orsay).jpg|''[[The Tub]]'', 1886, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris, France File:Edgar Degas (1834-1917) - 'The Bath- Woman Supporting her Back', pastel on paper, c. 1887.jpg|''The Bath: Woman Sponging Her Back'', c. 1887, pastel on paper, [[Honolulu Museum of Art]] File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 045.jpg|''After the Bath, Woman Drying her Nape'', pastel on paper, 1898, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris </gallery> === Mɛbu === <gallery class="center" widths="150px" heights="150px"> File:Degas 3x.jpg|''[[La Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans|Little Dancer of Fourteen Years]]''<br />Cast [[Edgar Degas#Sculpture|posthumously]] in 1922 from a mixed-media sculpture modeled<br />c. 1879–1880<br />[[Bronze]]<br />Partly tinted, with cotton skirt and satin hair ribbon, on a wooden base<br />[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]<br />New York City File:GUGG Dancer Moving Forward, Arms Raised.jpg|''Dancer Moving Forward, Arms Raised''<br />c. 1882–1895<br />Cast [[Edgar Degas#Sculpture|posthumously]] 1919–1926<br />[[Bronze]]<br />[[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]<br />[[Thannhauser Galleries]]<br />New York City File:SpanishDance c1884-DegasPC20080120-8849A.jpg|''The Spanish Dance''<br />c. 1885<br />Cast [[Edgar Degas#Sculpture|posthumously]] in 1921<br />[[Bronze]]<br />46.3 × 14.3&nbsp;cm<br />[[Ackland Art Museum]]<br />[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]] File:GUGG Seated Woman, Wiping Her Left Side.jpg|''Seated Woman, Wiping Her Left Side''<br />c. 1896–1911<br />Cast [[Edgar Degas#Sculpture|posthumously]] 1919–1926<br />[[Bronze]]<br />[[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]<br />[[Thannhauser Galleries]]<br />New York City </gallery> ==Kundivihira== ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{reflist}} ===Sources=== {{refbegin}} * [[Carol Armstrong|Armstrong, Carol]] (1991). ''[[Odd Man Out: Readings of the Work and Reputation of Edgar Degas]]''. Chicago / London: University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|0-226-02695-7}} * [[W. H. Auden|Auden, W. H.]]; [[Louis Kronenberger|Kronenberger, Louis]] (1966). ''The Viking Book of Aphorisms''. New York: Viking Press * Bade, Patrick; Degas, Edgar (1992). ''Degas''. London: Studio Editions. {{ISBN|1-85170-845-6}} * {{cite book |last=Barter |first=Judith A. |title=Mary Cassatt, modern woman |year=1998 |publisher=Art Institute of Chicago in association with H.N. Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-4089-5 |edition=1st |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass }} * Baumann, Felix Andreas; Boggs, Jean Sutherland; Degas, Edgar; and Karabelnik, Marianne (1994). ''Degas Portraits''. London: Merrell Holberton. {{ISBN|1-85894-014-1}} * {{cite web |last=Benedek |first=Nelly S. |title=Chronology of the Artist's Life |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Degas/html/indexl.html |website=Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=2004 |access-date=6 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502022331/http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/degas/html/indexl.html |archive-date=2 May 2006 }} * {{cite web |last=Benedek |first=Nelly S. |title=Degas's Artistic Style |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Degas/html/index1.html |date=2004 |website=Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=6 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112095611/http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Degas/html/index1.html |archive-date=12 November 2006 }} * Bowness, Alan. ed. (1965) "Edgar Degas", in ''The Book of Art Volume 7''. New York: Grolier Incorporated :41. * Brettell, Richard R.; McCullagh, Suzanne Folds (1984). ''Degas in The Art Institute of Chicago''. New York: The Art Institute of Chicago and Harry N. Abrams, Inc. {{ISBN|0-86559-058-3}} * Brown, Marilyn (1994). ''Degas and the Business of Art: a Cotton Office in New Orleans''. Pennsylvania State University Press. {{ISBN|0-271-00944-6}} * {{cite book |last=Bullard |first=John E. |title=Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels |url={{Google books |uILqAAAAMAAJ |title=Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels |page=239 |plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Watson-Guptill Publications]] |year=1972 |isbn=0-8230-0569-0 |lccn=70-190524 |ref={{harvid|Bullard}} }} * Canaday, John (1969). ''The Lives of the Painters Volume 3''. New York: W. W. Norton and Company Inc. * Clay, Jean (1973). ''Impressionism''. Secaucus, NJ: Chartwell. {{ISBN|0-399-11039-9}} * Dorra, Henri. ''Art in Perspective'' New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.:208 * Dumas, Ann (1988). ''Degas's ''Mlle. Fiocre'' in Context''. Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Museum. {{ISBN|0-87273-116-2}} * Dunlop, Ian (1979). ''Degas''. New York: [[Harper & Row]]. {{OCLC|5583005}} *{{cite book |last=Duranty |first=Louis Edmund |title=La Nouvelle peinture: À propos du groupe d'artistes qui expose dans les galeries Durand-Ruel, 1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/lanouvellepeint00firgoog |publisher=Echoppe |location=Paris |orig-year=1876 |year=1990 |isbn=978-2-905657-37-4 |lccn=21010788 |language=fr |ref={{harvid|Duranty|1876}} }} * "Edgar Degas, 1834–1917", in ''The Book of Art Volume III'' (1976). New York: Grolier Incorporated:4. * Gordon, Robert; Forge, Andrew (1988). ''Degas''. New York: Harry N. Abrams. {{ISBN|0-8109-1142-6}} * Growe, Bernd; Edgar Degas (1992). ''Edgar Degas, 1834–1917''. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen. {{ISBN|3-8228-0560-2}} * Guillaud, Jaqueline; Guillaud, Maurice (editors) (1985). ''Degas: Form and Space''. New York: Rizzoli. {{ISBN|0-8478-5407-8}} * Hartt, Frederick (1976). "Degas" ''Art Volume 2''. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.: 365. * "Impressionism." ''Praeger Encyclopedia of Art Volume 3'' (1967). New York: Praeger Publishers: 952. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060107154014/http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a3670-1.html J. Paul Getty Trust, "Walter Richard Sickert". 2003. 11 May 2004]. * Kendall, Richard (1996). ''Degas: Beyond Impressionism''. London: National Gallery Publications in association with the Art Institute of Chicago. {{ISBN|1-85709-130-2}} * Kendall, Richard; Degas, Edgar; Druick, Douglas W.; Beale, Arthur (1998). ''Degas and The Little Dancer''. New Haven, CT: [[Yale University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-300-07497-2}} * Krämer, Felix (May 2007). "'Mon tableau de genre': Degas's 'Le Viol' and Gavarni's 'Lorette'". ''The Burlington Magazine'' '''149''' (1250). * Mannering, Douglas (1994). ''The Life and Works of Degas''. Great Britain: Parragon Book Service Limited. *{{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Nancy Mowll |author-link=Nancy Mowll Mathews |title=Mary Cassatt: A Life |publisher=[[Villard (imprint)|Villard Books]] |location=New York |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-394-58497-3 |ref={{harvid|Mathews}}}} * Muehlig, Linda D. (1979). ''Degas and the Dance, 5–27 April May 1979.'' Northampton, MA: Smith College Museum of Art. * Peugeot, Catherine, Sellier, Marie (2001). ''A Trip to the Orsay Museum''. Paris: ADAGP: 39. *{{cite book |last=Pollock |first=Griselda |author-link=Griselda Pollock |title=Mary Cassatt: Painter of Modern Women |url={{Google books |kRGoQgAACAAJ |title=Mary Cassatt, modern woman |plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |location=London |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-500-20317-0 |lccn=98-60039 }} * [[Theodore Reff|Reff, Theodore]] (1976). [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/60673/rec/6 ''Degas: the artist's mind'']. [New York]: Metropolitan Museum of Art. {{ISBN|0-87099-146-9}} * Roskill, Mark W. (1983). "Edgar Degas" in ''Collier's Encyclopedia''. *{{cite book |first=George T. M. |last=Shackelford |chapter=Pas de Deux: Mary Cassatt and Edgar Degas |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass/page/109 |editor-first=Judith A. |editor-last=Barter |title=Mary Cassatt, modern woman / organized by Judith A. Barter; with contributions by Erica E. Hirshler ... [et al.]. |publisher=[[Abrams Books|Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]] |location=New York |year=1998 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass/page/109 109–143] |isbn=0-8109-4089-2 |lccn=98007306 |ref={{harvid|Shackelford}} }} * Shackelford, George T. M., Xavier Rey, Lucian Freud, Martin Gayford, and Anne Roquebert (2011). ''Degas and the Nude''. Boston: MFA Publications. {{ISBN|978-0-87846-773-0}} * Thomson, Richard (1988). ''Degas: The Nudes''. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. {{ISBN|0-500-23509-0}} * Tinterow, Gary (1988). ''Degas''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and National Gallery of Canada. * Turner, Jane (2000). ''From Monet to Cézanne: Late 19th-century French Artists''. Grove Art. New York: St Martin's Press. {{ISBN|0-312-22971-2}} * Werner, Alfred (1969). ''Degas Pastels''. New York: Watson-Guptill. {{ISBN|0-8230-1276-X}} * [http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Degas-bronzes-controversy-leads-to-scholars-boycott/26580 Coverage of the Degas debate By Martin Bailey. News, Issue 236, June 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819112037/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Degas-bronzes-controversy-leads-to-scholars-boycott/26580 |date=19 August 2012 }} {{refend}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book |last=Capriati |first=Elio |title=I Segreti di Degas |publisher=Mjm Editore |location=Milan |date=2009 |isbn=978-88-95682-68-6}} * Dumas, Ann, et al. (1997).{{MMoAobject|67210|The Private Collection of Edgar Degas}}. New York: Distributed by H.N. Abrams. * Naomi Lubrich: ''Ceci n’est pas un chapeau: What is Art and what is Fashion in Degas's Millinery Series?'', Fashion Theory, 2022, Manuscript ID: 2113602 * [[Anna Gruetzner Robins|Robins, Anna Gruetzner]] and Thomson, Richard (2005). ''Degas, Sickert, and Toulouse-Lautrec: London and Paris, 1870-1910''. London: Tate Publishing. * {{cite book |last=Valery |first=Paul |title=Degas, Manet, [[Morisot]] |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |date=1989}} * ''The Painter of Modern Life: Memories of Degas by [[George Moore (novelist)|George Moore]] and [[Walter Sickert]], with an introduction by [[Anna Gruetzner Robins]]''. London: Pallas Athene, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-84368-080-2}} ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikiquote}} {{EB1911 poster|Degas, Hilaire Germain Edgard|Edgar Degas}} *{{Art UK bio}} * [http://www.nortonsimon.org/collections/browse_artist.php?name=Degas%2C+Edgar Edgar Degas at Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California] * [https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/degas-sickert-and-toulouse-lautrec TATE BRITAIN EXHIBITION: DEGAS, SICKERT AND TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, LONDON AND PARIS 1870–1910. 5 OCTOBER 2005 – 15 JANUARY 2006] At [[The Phillips Collection]], Washington, D.C. 18 February — 14 May 2006. * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=117 Edgar Degas Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801040322/http://www.mootnotes.com/art/degas Edgar Degas paintings and interactive timeline] * [http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=degas&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500115194 Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies.] ULAN Full Record Display for Edgar Degas. Getty Vocabulary Program, Getty Research Institute. Los Angeles. * [http://www.pubhist.com/person/286/edgar-degas Works and literature on Edgar Degas] * [http://www.mtabraham.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110&Itemid=78 The Complete Set of Edgar Degas Bronzes at the M.T. Abraham Foundation] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/field/title/searchterm/Degas Edgar Degas exhibition catalogs and letter from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries] * [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/78705 ''Impressionism: a centenary exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, December 12, 1974 – February 10, 1975''], fully digitized text from The Metropolitan Museum of Art libraries *[https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/whats-on/exhibitions/manet-degas Manet/Degas exhibition] at [[Musée d'Orsay]], from 28 March to 23 July 2023. *[https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/manet-degas Manet/Degas exhibition] at The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], from 24 September 2023 – 7 January 2024. * {{FrenchSculptureCensus}} * [https://www.degascatalogueraisonne.com Digital Degas Catalogue Raisonné] The ongoing documentation of paintings and works on paper by Edgar Degas {{Degas|state=expanded}} {{Impressionists}} {{Authority control (arts)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Degas, Edgar}} [[Category:Edgar Degas| ]] [[Category:1834 births]] [[Category:1917 deaths]] [[Category:Artists from Paris]] [[Category:19th-century French painters]] [[Category:French male painters]] [[Category:20th-century French painters]] [[Category:French Impressionist painters]] [[Category:Impressionist sculptors]] [[Category:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni]] [[Category:French people of Haitian descent]] [[Category:French people of Louisiana Creole descent]] [[Category:French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War]] [[Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery]] [[Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni]] [[Category:20th-century French sculptors]] [[Category:20th-century French male artists]] [[Category:19th-century French sculptors]] [[Category:French male sculptors]] [[Category:Members of the Ligue de la patrie française]] [[Category:Antisemitism in France]] [[Category:20th-century French printmakers]] [[Category:Antidreyfusards]] [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala]] 160lw2e1nihxfh2kosq1aiwe2kztvcz 0 33050 137827 137304 2026-05-29T09:31:49Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 /* Plot */ 137827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Yeelen''''' (Bambara for "brightness"/"light") nyɛla yuuni 1987 Mali nima sinii ka Souleymane Cissé daa yuli ka di sabi ka daa lahi yihili na. Ka bɛ kpɛri li Bambara mini Fula balli nima maa, ka di yɛri Bambara ninvuɣ' gahinda yɛltɔɣa. Hali ayi lihiri di saha maa, bɛ zaŋli mi n n tahi 13th century maa saha ka di lee n nyɛ Mali nima biɛhigu ka lahi nyɛ di tali wuhibu ka yɛri tima tima yɛltɔɣa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Film Notes -Yeelen|url=https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/filmnotes/fns05n4.html|access-date=2026-05-06|website=www.albany.edu}}</ref> Cissé o bɔhisi bɔhimbu shee ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' daa wuhiya ni di daa nyɛla "in part made in opposition to European ethnographic films” ni ka o “daa bɔri ni o yɛli zama zaŋ kpa bɛ ni tiɛhiri shɛm, kamani white technicians mini academics, ni alien nima tiɛha polo. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knorpp|first=Barbara|date=2017-01-01|title=BETWEEN ETHNOGRAPHY AND FICTION: FILMS BY JEAN ROUCH IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA|url=https://www.academia.edu/38335526/BETWEEN_ETHNOGRAPHY_AND_FICTION_FILMS_BY_JEAN_ROUCH_IN_FRANCOPHONE_AFRICA|journal=African Film Cultures: Contexts of Creation and Circulation|access-date=2026-05-06|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802200030/https://www.academia.edu/38335526/BETWEEN_ETHNOGRAPHY_AND_FICTION_FILMS_BY_JEAN_ROUCH_IN_FRANCOPHONE_AFRICA|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bɛ kpɛri kpɛriti kpami Issiaka Kane ŋun daa nyɛ Nianankoro, ni nyɛ Africa nira ka mali tima la. Niamanto Sanogo daa kpɛri mi ni nyɛ Nianankoro ba, ŋun daa che o bia m bahi Bambara, Fulani ni Dogon tingbanni din be West Africa ka di nyɛla tima tima ka o mali ni guri o.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chapter 3 Brows High and Fevered|date=2005-12-31|url=https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812201765.57|work=American Babel|pages=57–70|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref> == Din kpɛri shɛli == Nianankoro ba Soma nyɛla ŋun be Komo sulinsi puuni, ŋun bɔhindi tima tima, amaa ka lee mali tim maa ni guri ka bɔri o maŋa O nini daa kuli kurigimi ni o ku o bia maa pirinla o daa vuhira ka bɛ yɛli o ni o bia maa ni yɛn ti ku o. O ma sɔŋsim puuni, Nianankoro daa zu o ba yɛl' sɔɣira maa shɛŋa n zo ni yi tiŋ maa ni n chaŋ ni o lahiba' ti sɔŋ o. Soma daa bi soya m baŋ o bia maa ni chaŋ n ti be shɛli ka bo soya n che ka ku tooi lahi dɔɣi o. == Ban kpɛrili == * Issiaka Kane - Nianankoro * Aoua Sangare - Attou * Niamanto Sanogo - Soma / Djigui * Balla Moussa Keita - Rouma Boll, Fula king * Soumba Traore - Mah * Ismaila Sarr - Bofing * Youssouf Tenin Cissé - Le petit garçon d'Attou * Koke Sangare - Komo chief [[Category:1987 films]] [[Category:1980s adventure drama films]] [[Category:1987 fantasy films]] [[Category:French fantasy adventure films]] [[Category:German fantasy adventure films]] [[Category:Malian fantasy films]] [[Category:Afrofuturist films]] [[Category:Burkinabe drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Malian drama films]] [[Category:West German films]] [[Category:Bambara-language films]] [[Category:Fula-language films]] [[Category:Films directed by Souleymane Cissé]] [[Category:Films set in the 13th century]] [[Category:Films set in Mali]] [[Category:Films set in pre-colonial sub-Saharan Africa]] [[Category:1987 drama films]] [[Category:German drama films]] [[Category:1987 French films]] [[Category:1987 German films]] [[Category:Films scored by Michel Portal]] [[Category:Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival) winners]] kfsgvw64xb6xtx100cfmajdbj8zx8ho 137829 137827 2026-05-29T09:32:42Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 Added section 137829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Yeelen''''' (Bambara for "brightness"/"light") nyɛla yuuni 1987 Mali nima sinii ka Souleymane Cissé daa yuli ka di sabi ka daa lahi yihili na. Ka bɛ kpɛri li Bambara mini Fula balli nima maa, ka di yɛri Bambara ninvuɣ' gahinda yɛltɔɣa. Hali ayi lihiri di saha maa, bɛ zaŋli mi n n tahi 13th century maa saha ka di lee n nyɛ Mali nima biɛhigu ka lahi nyɛ di tali wuhibu ka yɛri tima tima yɛltɔɣa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Film Notes -Yeelen|url=https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/filmnotes/fns05n4.html|access-date=2026-05-06|website=www.albany.edu}}</ref> Cissé o bɔhisi bɔhimbu shee ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' daa wuhiya ni di daa nyɛla "in part made in opposition to European ethnographic films” ni ka o “daa bɔri ni o yɛli zama zaŋ kpa bɛ ni tiɛhiri shɛm, kamani white technicians mini academics, ni alien nima tiɛha polo. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knorpp|first=Barbara|date=2017-01-01|title=BETWEEN ETHNOGRAPHY AND FICTION: FILMS BY JEAN ROUCH IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA|url=https://www.academia.edu/38335526/BETWEEN_ETHNOGRAPHY_AND_FICTION_FILMS_BY_JEAN_ROUCH_IN_FRANCOPHONE_AFRICA|journal=African Film Cultures: Contexts of Creation and Circulation|access-date=2026-05-06|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802200030/https://www.academia.edu/38335526/BETWEEN_ETHNOGRAPHY_AND_FICTION_FILMS_BY_JEAN_ROUCH_IN_FRANCOPHONE_AFRICA|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bɛ kpɛri kpɛriti kpami Issiaka Kane ŋun daa nyɛ Nianankoro, ni nyɛ Africa nira ka mali tima la. Niamanto Sanogo daa kpɛri mi ni nyɛ Nianankoro ba, ŋun daa che o bia m bahi Bambara, Fulani ni Dogon tingbanni din be West Africa ka di nyɛla tima tima ka o mali ni guri o.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chapter 3 Brows High and Fevered|date=2005-12-31|url=https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812201765.57|work=American Babel|pages=57–70|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref> == Din kpɛri shɛli == Nianankoro ba Soma nyɛla ŋun be Komo sulinsi puuni, ŋun bɔhindi tima tima, amaa ka lee mali tim maa ni guri ka bɔri o maŋa O nini daa kuli kurigimi ni o ku o bia maa pirinla o daa vuhira ka bɛ yɛli o ni o bia maa ni yɛn ti ku o. O ma sɔŋsim puuni, Nianankoro daa zu o ba yɛl' sɔɣira maa shɛŋa n zo ni yi tiŋ maa ni n chaŋ ni o lahiba' ti sɔŋ o. Soma daa bi soya m baŋ o bia maa ni chaŋ n ti be shɛli ka bo soya n che ka ku tooi lahi dɔɣi o. == Ban kpɛrili == * Issiaka Kane - Nianankoro * Aoua Sangare - Attou * Niamanto Sanogo - Soma / Djigui * Balla Moussa Keita - Rouma Boll, Fula king * Soumba Traore - Mah * Ismaila Sarr - Bofing * Youssouf Tenin Cissé - Le petit garçon d'Attou * Koke Sangare - Komo chief == Kundivihira == [[Category:1987 films]] [[Category:1980s adventure drama films]] [[Category:1987 fantasy films]] [[Category:French fantasy adventure films]] [[Category:German fantasy adventure films]] [[Category:Malian fantasy films]] [[Category:Afrofuturist films]] [[Category:Burkinabe drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Malian drama films]] [[Category:West German films]] [[Category:Bambara-language films]] [[Category:Fula-language films]] [[Category:Films directed by Souleymane Cissé]] [[Category:Films set in the 13th century]] [[Category:Films set in Mali]] [[Category:Films set in pre-colonial sub-Saharan Africa]] [[Category:1987 drama films]] [[Category:German drama films]] [[Category:1987 French films]] [[Category:1987 German films]] [[Category:Films scored by Michel Portal]] [[Category:Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival) winners]] 8z2cqxqyr9mmszqkpcfj9rvpcfj3x0t 0 33064 137847 135114 2026-05-29T11:06:15Z K.D.Nburidiba 4111 Added a content 137847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Night of the Kings''''' ({{langx|fr|La Nuit des rois}}) nyɛla yuuni 2020 kpɛrigu ka Philippe Lacôte daa yuli ka di kpɛri. Sinii shɛli Delphine Jaquet ni yihi na(Banshee Films, France), Yanick Letourneau (Peripheria, Canada), Ernest Konan (Wassakara Productions, Côte d'Ivoire), n ti pahi Yoro Mbaye (Yennenga Production, Senegal). == Kpɛrikpɛriti ban daa yina ti ŋmaali == == Bɛ ni ŋmaali luɣi shɛli == == Di yibu na == [[Category:2020 films]] [[Category:Canadian prison drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Ivorian drama films]] [[Category:Films set in Ivory Coast]] [[Category:French prison films]] [[Category:Neon (company) films]] [[Category:2020 drama films]] [[Category:2020s prison films]] [[Category:2020 Canadian films]] [[Category:2020 French films]] [[Category:Films scored by Olivier Alary]] ku4y55w1f3owu2ljko91bt6f7ncfvcc 137848 137847 2026-05-29T11:11:18Z K.D.Nburidiba 4111 Added a content 137848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Night of the Kings''''' ({{langx|fr|La Nuit des rois}}) nyɛla yuuni 2020 kpɛrigu ka Philippe Lacôte daa yuli ka di kpɛri. Sinii shɛli Delphine Jaquet ni yihi na(Banshee Films, France), Yanick Letourneau (Peripheria, Canada), Ernest Konan (Wassakara Productions, Côte d'Ivoire), n ti pahi Yoro Mbaye (Yennenga Production, Senegal). == Kpɛrikpɛriti ban daa yina ti ŋmaali == == Bɛ ni ŋmaali luɣi shɛli == == Di yibu na == Neon daa deela soli US nima sani sinii maa zuɣu September goli ni yuuni 2020. ''Night of the Kings'' was released in the US in theaters and in virtual cinemas on February 26, 2021, and on video on demand on March 5, 2021. The film was released in Canada on March 12, 2021. [[Category:2020 films]] [[Category:Canadian prison drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Ivorian drama films]] [[Category:Films set in Ivory Coast]] [[Category:French prison films]] [[Category:Neon (company) films]] [[Category:2020 drama films]] [[Category:2020s prison films]] [[Category:2020 Canadian films]] [[Category:2020 French films]] [[Category:Films scored by Olivier Alary]] gf3vkqcm0tyvh553btnyt0yfpvhmk01 137850 137848 2026-05-29T11:15:51Z K.D.Nburidiba 4111 Added a content 137850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Night of the Kings''''' ({{langx|fr|La Nuit des rois}}) nyɛla yuuni 2020 kpɛrigu ka Philippe Lacôte daa yuli ka di kpɛri. Sinii shɛli Delphine Jaquet ni yihi na(Banshee Films, France), Yanick Letourneau (Peripheria, Canada), Ernest Konan (Wassakara Productions, Côte d'Ivoire), n ti pahi Yoro Mbaye (Yennenga Production, Senegal). == Kpɛrikpɛriti ban daa yina ti ŋmaali == == Bɛ ni ŋmaali luɣi shɛli == == Di yibu na == Neon daa deela soli US nima sani sinii maa zuɣu September goli ni yuuni 2020. ''Night of the Kings daa nyɛla bɛ ni yihi shɛli na'' US tingbanni bɛ diɛma duu ni. February goli ni dabisili 26, yuuni 2021, ka bɛ daa bɔhiri di sinii maa yɛla March goli ni dabisili 5, yuuni 2021. bɛ daa lahi yihi li na Canada March goli ni dabisili 12, yuuni 2021. [[Category:2020 films]] [[Category:Canadian prison drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Ivorian drama films]] [[Category:Films set in Ivory Coast]] [[Category:French prison films]] [[Category:Neon (company) films]] [[Category:2020 drama films]] [[Category:2020s prison films]] [[Category:2020 Canadian films]] [[Category:2020 French films]] [[Category:Films scored by Olivier Alary]] 0lsvjq3qiqfz58e4xth9cj3xmzgs8we 137856 137850 2026-05-29T11:26:02Z K.D.Nburidiba 4111 Added a content 137856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Night of the Kings''''' ({{langx|fr|La Nuit des rois}}) nyɛla yuuni 2020 kpɛrigu ka Philippe Lacôte daa yuli ka di kpɛri. Sinii shɛli Delphine Jaquet ni yihi na(Banshee Films, France), Yanick Letourneau (Peripheria, Canada), Ernest Konan (Wassakara Productions, Côte d'Ivoire), n ti pahi Yoro Mbaye (Yennenga Production, Senegal). == Kpɛrigu maa ni kpɛri shɛm == Ivory Coast’s mali MACA sarika puuni, ban be dinni maa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi n gbubi shɛba ka too mali bɛ zalisi. Zalisi maa shɛŋa n-nyɛ ni diyi niŋ ka Dangôro, bee inmate naa, ti biɛra ka di mali yaa, di ti ni bɛ ku o. Dangôro daa nyɛla ŋun bɔri ni o tum o maŋ barina o nyintaa maa zuɣu ŋun zaŋli maŋ n leeiru Lass, Dangôro la == Bɛ ni ŋmaali l == == Di yibu na == Neon daa deela soli US nima sani sinii maa zuɣu September goli ni yuuni 2020. ''Night of the Kings daa nyɛla bɛ ni yihi shɛli na'' US tingbanni bɛ diɛma duu ni. February goli ni dabisili 26, yuuni 2021, ka bɛ daa bɔhiri di sinii maa yɛla March goli ni dabisili 5, yuuni 2021. bɛ daa lahi yihi li na Canada March goli ni dabisili 12, yuuni 2021. [[Category:2020 films]] [[Category:Canadian prison drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Ivorian drama films]] [[Category:Films set in Ivory Coast]] [[Category:French prison films]] [[Category:Neon (company) films]] [[Category:2020 drama films]] [[Category:2020s prison films]] [[Category:2020 Canadian films]] [[Category:2020 French films]] [[Category:Films scored by Olivier Alary]] 3c134gqw84d6kzx1rqkgcl4blnj4rw2 0 33068 137822 137321 2026-05-29T09:24:43Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 Added a databox 137822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Papicha''' nyɛla yuuni 2019 siini shɛli tiŋduya nim ni tim nu shɛli yihibu ni na, ka di nyɛ Mounia Meddour ni daa directi shɛli. Di daa nyɛla bini niŋ shɛli UN Certain  Regard  din daa ni yuuni 2019 Cannes Film Festival ni maa.<ref>{{Cite news|last=film|first=Guardian|date=2019-05-06|title=Cannes festival 2019: full list of films|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/apr/18/cannes-festival-2019-full-list-of-films|access-date=2026-05-21|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Di daa nyɛla Algerian siini shɛli bini piigi n pahi Best International Feature Film 92nd Academy Award puuni, amaa bi daa bi zaŋ li n pahi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|date=2019-07-12|title=Oscars: Algeria Submits ‘Papicha’, Kicking Off International Feature Film Race|url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/oscars-algeria-submits-papicha-international-film-category-1202645421/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Di daa nyɛla din lɛbi African siini shɛli paɣa ni daa directi ka di di nasara pam French Box tumdu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mounia Meddour to Reteam with “Papicha” Star Lyna Khoudri for “Houria”|url=https://womenandhollywood.com/mounia-meddour-to-reteam-with-papicha-star-lyna-khoudri-for-houria/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=womenandhollywood.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Plot== Bi ŋmaalimi kamani 1990s siini, Algerian nim tɔbu shɛli bini daa boli Algerian Civil War la, Papicha nyɛla din tiri Lahabali zaŋ jɛndi Nedjma, yuun pia ni anii shikuru bili kuri ŋun daa bori dimaŋ yɛtɔlɣa ka tooi yiri ni o mam. Lala biɛhigu maa daa nyɛla din niŋ o muɣusigu domishi bini daa yɛli ni paɣa Barqu maa. O biɛhigu daa nyɛla din taɣi bini daa nyɛ ban liri maa ka Nadjma daa kpeɣi niya ni o kpa dimaŋ dɛima din yɛn chɛ ka lala zalisi maa chɛ<ref name=":0" /> == Kpɛrikpɛriti ban daa yina ti ŋmaali == * [[Marwan Zeghbib]] ŋun nyɛ Karim * [[Lyna Khoudri]] ŋun nyɛ Nedjma * [[Nadia Kaci]] ŋun nyɛ Madame Kamissi * [[Ali Damiche]] ŋun nyɛ Omer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14083866/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=www.imdb.com}}</ref> == Salo ni saɣi n deei li shɛm == [[Category:2019 drama films]] [[Category:2019 films]] [[Category:2019 French-language films]] [[Category:Algerian drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Algerian war films]] [[Category:Algerian Civil War]] [[Category:Films about religious violence]] [[Category:Films about fashion designers]] [[Category:Best First Feature Film César Award winners]] [[Category:2019 French films]] [[Category:Films scored by Robin Coudert]] [[Category:Films featuring a Most Promising Actress César Award–winning performance]] [[Category:2010s Algerian films]] == Pina shɛŋa di ni di == {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! '''Pini yuli''' ! Dabsili shɛli pini maa ni deei ! '''YaƔili''' ! ŋun daa deei pini maa ! '''Di naabu''' ! class="unsortable"| {{Abbreviation|Ref.|References}} |- !scope="row"|[[Cannes Film Festival]] | [[2019 Cannes Film Festival|14–25 May 2019]] | [[Un Certain Regard]] | Mounia Meddour | {{nom}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/cannes-2019-screens-guide-to-the-un-certain- regard-titles/5139249.article|title=Cannes 2019: Screen's guide to the Un Certain Regard titles|date=11 May 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|work=[[Screen Daily]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|[[El Gouna Film Festival]] | rowspan="2"|27 September 2019 | Golden Star | rowspan="4"|''Papicha'' | {{nom}} | align="center" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/351725/Arts--Culture/Film/rd-El-Gouna-Film-Festivals-announces-the-winners.aspx|title=3rd El Gouna Film Festival announces the winners|date=28 September 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|work=[[Ahram Online]]}}</ref> |- | Best Arab Narrative Film | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|[[Seminci]] | rowspan="3"|26 October 2019 | Golden Spike | {{nom}} | rowspan="3" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/380371/|title=This year’s Seminci Golden Spike is bound for Mongolia|date=29 October 2019|work=Cineuropa|access-date=3 January 2020|first=Alfonso|last=Rivera}}</ref> |- | Audience Award | {{won}} |- | Pilar Miró Prize for Best New Director | Mounia Meddour | {{won}} |- !scope="row"|[[Philadelphia Film Festival]] | 27 October 2019 | Archie Award for Best First Feature | ''Papicha'' | {{nom}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wmgk.com/2019/10/29/28th-philadelphia-film-festival-recap-and-awards/|title=28th Philadelphia Film Festival recap and awards|work=[[WMGK]]|date=29 October 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|first=Cyndy|last=Drue|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020137/https://wmgk.com/2019/10/29/28th-philadelphia-film-festival-recap-and-|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|[[Carthage Film Festival]] | 2 November 2019 | Tanit d'Or | rowspan="3"|Mounia Meddour | {{nom}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20191027-tunisie-lancement-du-30e-festival-de-cin%C3%A9ma-de-carthage|title=Tunisie: lancement du 30e festival de cinéma de Carthage|date=27 October 2019|access- date=3 January 2020|work=[[France 24]]}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|[[Thessaloniki International Film Festival]] | 10 November 2019 | Award by the Greek Chapter of Women in Film & Television | {{nom}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfestival.gr/en/professionals-b2b/media-press/27082-60th-thessaloniki-international-film-festival-closing-ceremony-and-awards|title=60th Thessaloniki International Film Festival: Closing Ceremony and Awards|date=12 November 2019|work=Thessaloniki Film Festival|access-date=3 January 2020|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive- url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020209/https://www.filmfestival.gr/en/professionals-b2b/media-press/27082-60th-thessaloniki-international-film-festival-closing-ceremony-and-awards|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020209/https://www.filmfestival.gr/en/professionals-b2b/media-press/27082-60th-thessaloniki-international-film-festival-closing-ceremony-and-awards}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|[[Satellite Awards]] | [[24th Satellite Awards|19 December 2019]] | [[Humanitarian Satellite Award|Humanitarian Award]] | {{won}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awardswatch.com/international-press-academy-ipa-satellite-awards-ford-v-ferrari-races-to-the-top-with-5-wins/|title=International Press Academy (IPA) Satellite Awards: ''Ford v Ferrari'' races to the top with 5 wins|work=Awards Watch|date=19 December 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|first=Erik|last=Anderson}}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[César Awards]] | rowspan="2"| [[45th César Awards|28 February 2020]] | [[César Award for Best First Feature Film|Best First Feature Film]] | ''Papicha'' | {{won}} |rowspan="2" align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Cinéma : deux Césars pour le film algérien Papicha !|url=https://www.tsa-algerie.com/cinema-deux-cesars-pour-le-film-algerien-papicha/|language=fr- DZ|website=TSA|date=28 February 2020|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> |- | [[César Award for Most Promising Actress|Most Promising Actress]] | Lyna Khoudri | {{won}} |} == kundivihira == 6jlm2rh9v773toy2l2qzmpq8roq67ge 137830 137822 2026-05-29T09:43:21Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 137830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Papicha''' nyɛla yuuni 2019 siini shɛli tiŋduya nim ni tim nu shɛli yihibu ni na, ka di nyɛ Mounia Meddour ni daa directi shɛli. Di daa nyɛla bini niŋ shɛli UN Certain  Regard  din daa ni yuuni 2019 Cannes Film Festival ni maa.<ref>{{Cite news|last=film|first=Guardian|date=2019-05-06|title=Cannes festival 2019: full list of films|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/apr/18/cannes-festival-2019-full-list-of-films|access-date=2026-05-21|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Di daa nyɛla Algerian siini shɛli bini piigi n pahi Best International Feature Film 92nd Academy Award puuni, amaa bi daa bi zaŋ li n pahi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|date=2019-07-12|title=Oscars: Algeria Submits ‘Papicha’, Kicking Off International Feature Film Race|url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/oscars-algeria-submits-papicha-international-film-category-1202645421/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Di daa nyɛla din lɛbi African siini shɛli paɣa ni daa directi ka di di nasara pam French Box tumdu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mounia Meddour to Reteam with “Papicha” Star Lyna Khoudri for “Houria”|url=https://womenandhollywood.com/mounia-meddour-to-reteam-with-papicha-star-lyna-khoudri-for-houria/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=womenandhollywood.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Din kpɛri shɛli== Bi ŋmaalimi kamani 1990s siini, Algerian nim tɔbu shɛli bini daa boli Algerian Civil War la, Papicha nyɛla din tiri Lahabali zaŋ jɛndi Nedjma, yuun pia ni anii shikuru bili kuri ŋun daa bori dimaŋ yɛtɔlɣa ka tooi yiri ni o mam. Lala biɛhigu maa daa nyɛla din niŋ o muɣusigu domishi bini daa yɛli ni paɣa Barqu maa. O biɛhigu daa nyɛla din taɣi bini daa nyɛ ban liri maa ka Nadjma daa kpeɣi niya ni o kpa dimaŋ dɛima din yɛn chɛ ka lala zalisi maa chɛ<ref name=":0" /> == Kpɛrikpɛriti ban daa yina ti ŋmaali == * [[Marwan Zeghbib]] ŋun nyɛ Karim * [[Lyna Khoudri]] ŋun nyɛ Nedjma * [[Nadia Kaci]] ŋun nyɛ Madame Kamissi * [[Ali Damiche]] ŋun nyɛ Omer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14083866/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=www.imdb.com}}</ref> == Salo ni saɣi n deei li shɛm == [[Category:2019 drama films]] [[Category:2019 films]] [[Category:2019 French-language films]] [[Category:Algerian drama films]] [[Category:French drama films]] [[Category:Algerian war films]] [[Category:Algerian Civil War]] [[Category:Films about religious violence]] [[Category:Films about fashion designers]] [[Category:Best First Feature Film César Award winners]] [[Category:2019 French films]] [[Category:Films scored by Robin Coudert]] [[Category:Films featuring a Most Promising Actress César Award–winning performance]] [[Category:2010s Algerian films]] == Pina shɛŋa di ni di == {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! '''Pini yuli''' ! Dabsili shɛli pini maa ni deei ! '''YaƔili''' ! ŋun daa deei pini maa ! '''Di naabu''' ! class="unsortable"| {{Abbreviation|Ref.|References}} |- !scope="row"|[[Cannes Film Festival]] | [[2019 Cannes Film Festival|14–25 May 2019]] | [[Un Certain Regard]] | Mounia Meddour | {{nom}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/cannes-2019-screens-guide-to-the-un-certain- regard-titles/5139249.article|title=Cannes 2019: Screen's guide to the Un Certain Regard titles|date=11 May 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|work=[[Screen Daily]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|[[El Gouna Film Festival]] | rowspan="2"|27 September 2019 | Golden Star | rowspan="4"|''Papicha'' | {{nom}} | align="center" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/351725/Arts--Culture/Film/rd-El-Gouna-Film-Festivals-announces-the-winners.aspx|title=3rd El Gouna Film Festival announces the winners|date=28 September 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|work=[[Ahram Online]]}}</ref> |- | Best Arab Narrative Film | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|[[Seminci]] | rowspan="3"|26 October 2019 | Golden Spike | {{nom}} | rowspan="3" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/380371/|title=This year’s Seminci Golden Spike is bound for Mongolia|date=29 October 2019|work=Cineuropa|access-date=3 January 2020|first=Alfonso|last=Rivera}}</ref> |- | Audience Award | {{won}} |- | Pilar Miró Prize for Best New Director | Mounia Meddour | {{won}} |- !scope="row"|[[Philadelphia Film Festival]] | 27 October 2019 | Archie Award for Best First Feature | ''Papicha'' | {{nom}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wmgk.com/2019/10/29/28th-philadelphia-film-festival-recap-and-awards/|title=28th Philadelphia Film Festival recap and awards|work=[[WMGK]]|date=29 October 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|first=Cyndy|last=Drue|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020137/https://wmgk.com/2019/10/29/28th-philadelphia-film-festival-recap-and-|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|[[Carthage Film Festival]] | 2 November 2019 | Tanit d'Or | rowspan="3"|Mounia Meddour | {{nom}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20191027-tunisie-lancement-du-30e-festival-de-cin%C3%A9ma-de-carthage|title=Tunisie: lancement du 30e festival de cinéma de Carthage|date=27 October 2019|access- date=3 January 2020|work=[[France 24]]}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|[[Thessaloniki International Film Festival]] | 10 November 2019 | Award by the Greek Chapter of Women in Film & Television | {{nom}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfestival.gr/en/professionals-b2b/media-press/27082-60th-thessaloniki-international-film-festival-closing-ceremony-and-awards|title=60th Thessaloniki International Film Festival: Closing Ceremony and Awards|date=12 November 2019|work=Thessaloniki Film Festival|access-date=3 January 2020|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive- url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020209/https://www.filmfestival.gr/en/professionals-b2b/media-press/27082-60th-thessaloniki-international-film-festival-closing-ceremony-and-awards|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020209/https://www.filmfestival.gr/en/professionals-b2b/media-press/27082-60th-thessaloniki-international-film-festival-closing-ceremony-and-awards}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|[[Satellite Awards]] | [[24th Satellite Awards|19 December 2019]] | [[Humanitarian Satellite Award|Humanitarian Award]] | {{won}} | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awardswatch.com/international-press-academy-ipa-satellite-awards-ford-v-ferrari-races-to-the-top-with-5-wins/|title=International Press Academy (IPA) Satellite Awards: ''Ford v Ferrari'' races to the top with 5 wins|work=Awards Watch|date=19 December 2019|access-date=3 January 2020|first=Erik|last=Anderson}}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[César Awards]] | rowspan="2"| [[45th César Awards|28 February 2020]] | [[César Award for Best First Feature Film|Best First Feature Film]] | ''Papicha'' | {{won}} |rowspan="2" align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Cinéma : deux Césars pour le film algérien Papicha !|url=https://www.tsa-algerie.com/cinema-deux-cesars-pour-le-film-algerien-papicha/|language=fr- DZ|website=TSA|date=28 February 2020|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> |- | [[César Award for Most Promising Actress|Most Promising Actress]] | Lyna Khoudri | {{won}} |} == kundivihira == qevmhst7wvl7jtl4qm5gsaoewbgwh0v 0 33075 137845 137263 2026-05-29T10:18:09Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 Added a databox 137845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Durban International Film Festival''' (DIFF) nyɛla siini chuɣu shɛli bini puhiri yuuni ka Durban KwaZulu-Natal tiŋgbani[[South Africa|,South Africa]]. Teddy Sarkin mini Ross Sarkin n daa nyɛ ban kpa yuuni 1979.  Ka di nyɛla Centre for Creative Arts din bɛ University of KwaZulu-Natal n daa zaali, di nyɛla siini chuɣu shɛli shɛli din nyɛ zaɣakurri ka nyɛ din galisi Africa puuni ka nyɛ din tooi niŋdi din kalinli paagi 200 ka nyɛ din gahim South African, African mini International Cinema. Siini shɛŋa bini tooi niŋdi maa nyɛla African bɛi South African dini. Lala chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri ban niŋdi siini nim maa soli ka bi laɣimda, industry Senminars, ka bi gaari shawaranima mini dɛim shɛŋa kamani siini niŋbu tiŋ shɛŋa ban dii ka siini nim niŋbu shɛi n ti pahi Talent Campus Durban mini Durban FilmMart Co-Production Makers. Yuuni 2005 hali na ni zuŋɔ, DIFF nyɛla di za South African n ti Wavescape Surf Film Festival lanchibuni. Talent Campus Durban ban daa gbeni kpala zuya ni Berlinale Talent Campus maa daa nyɛla bini daa kpa shɛli yuuni 2008 ka daa nyɛ din puhi di yuuma anu chuɣu yuuni 2012. Durban FilmMart, ban nyɛ ninvuɣu shɛba ban timdi nu nu di laɣi dibuni nyɛla bini daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2010. Di nyɛla din tumdi ni City of Durban's Durban Film tuma yili nima ==Pina== Chuɣu ŋɔ dibu nyɛla din nyɛ yaɣa ka pina maa shɛŋa nyɛ din kanna ni laɣari. Yuuni 2006 puuni Amnesty International di bɛ Durban  Amnesty  Laɣimgu nyɛla ban gba timdi  nu ni laɣari ka bi boli Amnesty International Durban Human Right Award. ==Churi puhibu== ===2023=== Chuɣu maa 44th edition nyɛla bini daa niŋ shɛli silimi gɔli [[July]] biɛɣu pishi dali hali ni biɛɣu pihita dali. Di daa nyɛla din zaŋ siini nima 90 din yi tiŋsi 54 ni na duniya zaa n wuhi salo maa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zuma|first=Mbalenhle|date=2023-06-08|title=Durban International Film festival to showcase 90 films|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/celebrity-news/entertainment/durban-international-film-festival-to-showcase-90-films/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=Sunday World|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Sira din daa nyɛ Co-Production n bɛ [[Burkina Faso]],[[Senegal]] [[France]] mini [[Germany]] sunsuni la ka nyɛ Apolline Traorè la, nyɛla bini daa zaŋ shɛli n yoogi chuɣu puhibu silimi gɔli July biɛɣu pishi dali naa; ka Banel mini Adama, French-Malian-Senegalese yurilim siini shɛli Ramata-Toulaye Sy dini mi nyɛ di daa kana chuɣu maa bahigu din n nyɛ silimi gɔli July biɛɣu pihita dala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Durban International Film Festival 2023 Announces Opening and Closing Films – Durban International Film Festival|url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/durban-international-film-festival-2023-announces-opening-and-closing-films/|access-date=2026-05-21|language=en-ZA}}</ref>  Riceboy Sleeps, din nyɛ Canadian siini shɛli Anthony Shim ni su shɛli maa daa nyɛla din di best film award bini daa moli shɛli silimi gɔli July biɛɣu pihita yin ka dali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Durban International Film Festival Announces 2023 Awards Winners – Durban International Film Festival|url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/durban-international-film-festival-announces-2023-awards-winners/|access-date=2026-05-21|language=en-ZA}}</ref> ===2022=== Chuɣu maa 43rd edition nyɛla bini daa piligi silimi gɔli jubiɛɣu pishi ni ayi dali hali ni silimi gɔli [[August]] dahin yini dala yuuni 2022 ni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Événements {{!}} Africultures : 43è Durban International Film Festival (DIFF 2022)|url=https://africultures.com/evenements/?no=50004|access-date=2026-05-21|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref> 1960,din nyɛ South African siini shɛli  King Shaft mini mini Michael Mutombo din maa n daa nyɛ bini zaŋ shɛli n piligi chuɣu maa ka zaŋ You're my Favourite  Place Jahmil X. T. Qubeka siini maa mi n naagi chuɣu maa  puhibu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Birjalal|first=Alyssia|date=2121-03-15|title=The 43rd Durban International Film Festival announces the opening and closing films|url=https://iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/durban/2022-06-09-the-43rd-durban-international-film-festival-announces-the-opening-and-closing-films/|access-date=2026-05-21|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref> === 2024 === Chuɣu maa 45th edition nyɛla bini daa piligi shɛli silimi gɔli July biɛɣu pia ni anii dali n ri naagi silimi gɔli July biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali. Chuɣu maa daa nyɛla bini puhi shɛli ka di nyɛla Programmer Andrea Voges kpaŋmaŋ ni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us – Durban International Film Festival|url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/about-us/|access-date=2026-05-21|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Kundivihira == [[Category:Festivals in Durban]] [[Category:Film festivals in South Africa]] [[Category:Film festivals established in 1979]] pvmam832zils9vd9ndg3ggx254m4qnu 0 33138 137694 2026-05-28T19:11:47Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} {{Infobox water supply and sanitation |country = [[Ghana]] |image = Flag of Ghana.svg |caption = |water_coverage = 78% (2015)<ref name="JMP">{{cite web|last = World Health Organization|author-link = World Health Organization|author2 = UNICEF|title = Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)|url = http://www.wssinfo.org|access-date = 15 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216075751/http://www.wssinfo.org/|archive-date = 16 February 2008}}</ref> |sanitation_coverage = 14% (2015)<ref name="JMP"/> (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra<ref name="maxwell">{{cite conference| first = Maxwell| last = Adu-Ahyiah| author2 = Anku, Romi Ernest| title = Small Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenario)| location = Lund| url = http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| access-date = 28 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922155531/http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| archive-date = 22 September 2007}}, p. 1–2</ref>) |continuity_of_supply= 25% in [[Accra]]<ref name="wateraid 2">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 2</ref> |urban_water_use = n/a |tariff = GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)<ref name="GWI tariffs"/> |metering = n/a |investment = US$0.7 per capita<ref name="wateraid 3">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 3. According to the source annual investments for an unspecified year (or average of years) are US$17m. Ghana has 26m inhabitants.</ref> |share_by_utilities = |tax_financing = |external_financing = About 90% development assistance<ref name="ADF">{{cite journal|last=African Development Fund |author-link=African Development Bank#Group Entities |title=Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report. |date=October 2005 |url=http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/126478C8BF8B14D1E040C00A0C3D0235 |format=[[PDF]] |access-date=28 March 2008 }}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, p. 6</ref> |decentralization = In rural areas: decentralization to districts, since 1994 |company = Yes: Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) |regulator = In urban areas: Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) |policy_setting = [http://mswr.gov.gh/ Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministry-of-sanitation-and-water-resources-mswr-ghana-133370|title=Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources (MSWR) (Ghana) &#124; Devex}}</ref> |sector_law = various |urban_providers = 1: GWCL |rural_providers = more than 400 community-managed piped systems<ref>{{cite journal| last = Nyarko| first = K. B.|author2=Oduro-Kwarteng, S. |author3=Adama, I.| title = Cost recovery of community-managed piped water systems in the Ashanti region, Ghana| journal = Water and Environment Journal| volume = 21| issue = 2| pages = 92–99| publisher = Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)| year = 2006| doi = 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2006.00051.x| s2cid = 154378574| issn = 1747-6585}}, p. 93</ref> }} '''water supply and sanitation''' ŋɔ nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli be [[Ghana]], nyɛla tuma yaɣ'shɛli ban tiri salo maa kom ka kpaŋsiri tiŋgbani ŋɔ ko'viɛlli nyabu soya. Ghana tiŋgbani ŋɔ, ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu nyɛla din mali yɛligola, di shɛŋa nyɛ ko'viɛlla kalinsi, kom kalinsi, kom zobu nyɛla din ka yaa n-ti pahi saɣiri din be mɔɣa ni. Tum yuuni 1994, lala tuma yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din nya lɛbiggimsim bela.<ref name="WaterAid">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scaling up Water and Sanitation in Ghana |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/18/scaling-up-water-and-sanitation-in-ghana |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=World Bank}}</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2006 mini yuuni 2011, AVRL nyɛla ban su fana ni kom yɛltɔɣa tum bɛ ni daa gbaai yuma anu alikawli ka di nyɛ din daa naai saha shɛli bɛ ni daa nya bɛ ni bori ni bɛ niŋ binsɛŋa la nyaaŋa.<ref>https://www.world-psi.org/en/aqua-vitens-hands-over-operations-back-ghana-water-company{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli ni sɔŋ booi laɣ'shɛli Ghana kom tuma duu yili nima ni mali diri niŋdi kom yɛltɔɣa ni.<ref name="WaterAid"/> [[National Water Policy]] (NWP) nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa kpa yuuni 2008 ka di nyɛ zalikpani shɛli gbubi kom tuma yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref name="NWP">{{cite web|last = Ghanaian Water Resources Commission|title = National Water Policy|url = http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|access-date = 26 March 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602092656/http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|archive-date = 2 June 2008|url-status = usurped}}</ref> National Water Policy ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa labi lihi shɛli yuuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Water Policy 2024 launched …to address climate change, rural water challenges | date=23 October 2024 | url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/water-policy-2024-launched-to-address-climate-change-rural-water-challenges/#:~:text=Water%20Policy%202024%20launched%20%E2%80%A6to%20address%20climate%20change%2C%20rural%20water%20challenges,-October%2023%2C%202024&text=The%20Ministry%20of%20Sanitation%20and%20Water%20Resources%20(MSWR)%20has%20launched,and%20strengthen%20rural%20water%20uses |location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]}}</ref> ==Access== Kom tibu tuma duri nyɛla din bi galisi di gbaai bahindi tiŋkpansi. Lahabali din yina Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation zaŋ n-ti [[UNICEF]] mini [[WHO]], kom mini ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu Ghana tiŋgbani nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2| ! Urban<br />(51% of the population) ! Rural<br />(49% of the population) ! Total |- | rowspan=2|Water<ref name="JMP"/> | [[At least basic water source|'At least basic' definition]] | 88% | 66% | 78% |- | House connections | 33% | 3% | 18% |- | rowspan=2|Sanitation<ref name="JMP"/> | [['At least basic' sanitation|'At least basic' definition]] | 19% | 9% | 14% |- |Sewerage | ? | ? | ? |} [[File:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|450px|The Fecal-oral disease route transmission]] ==Water resources== Ghana nyɛla din mali mɔga pam. Volta river nyɛla din mali mɔɣa kamani Oti, [[Daka River|Daka]], [[Pru River|Pru]], [[Sene River|Sene]] n-ti pahi [[Afram River|Afram]] mini [[White Volta|white]] ni [[Black Volta]] mɔɣa, kɔbigi puuni di nyɛla din kpuɣi vaabu pisopɔin Ghana mɔɣa ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni ayi nyɛla "southwestern river", di shɛŋa nyɛ [[Bia River|Bia]], [[Tano River|Tano]], [[Ankobra River|Ankobra]] n-ti pahi [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]]. "Coastal river system" mi gba nyɛ Ochi-Nawuka, Ochi Amissah, [[Ayensu River|Ayensu]], [[Densu River|Densu]] n-ti pahi Tordzie ka di gba kpuɣi kɔbigi puuni vaabu dibaa anii zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Yaha, ko'shɛŋa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni. Volta Lake din galisim paai kamani 8,500&nbsp;km² ika nyɛ dunia mɔɣ'kara puuni zaɣ'yini nyɛla di puuni shɛli. Ghana ni tooi nyari kom mɔɣa ni mini tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani 53.2&nbsp;billion m³ .<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 3–4</ref> {{wide image|Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG|930px|align-cap=center|Panorama and [[landscape]] view of Lake Volta in [[Volta Basin]] and [[Eastern Region, Ghana|Eastern Region]] of Ghana. [[Lake Volta]] by artificial surface area is the largest reservoir, lake, and [[artificial lake]] on Earth. Lake Volta [[Drainage|drain]]s into the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the Atlantic Ocean. [[Volta River]] has three main tributaries—the [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]] and [[Red Volta]].}} ==Water use== Yuuni 2000, tiŋgbani maa ni daa nya ko'shɛli zaa nyɛla din daa yiɣisi 982 million m³ ka yuusi pukparilim tumanima ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia zuɣu nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shhɛli "industry" ka chɛ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni anahi bee 235&nbsp;million m³ yuusi yiŋa. Yaha, 37,843&nbsp;km³ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shɛli niŋ niɣilim buɣim nyabu ni [[Akosombo Dam]] yuuni kam.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 4–5</ref> [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|350px|The [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] system of the [[List of rivers of Ghana|rivers of Ghana]].]] ===Illegal mining activities and water supply=== Minista Samuel Abu Jinapor nyɛla ŋun yina n-ti yɛlli tingbani ŋɔ bilichininima ni Ghana kom nyɛla din viɛlligi ka binshɛli bɛ ni tooi nyu ka barina shɛli ka hali salin'gbiriba ŋɔ saɣim mɔɣa maa zaa yoli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lands Minister Jinapor Defends Ghana's Water Supply Amidst Galamsey Concerns |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/blogs/godblessed/Lands-Minister-Jinapor-Defends-Ghana-s-Water-Supply-Amidst-Galamsey-Concerns-244 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=Ghana Web |date=9 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New water policy to address 'galamsey' menace – Sanitation Ministry |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/new-water-policy-to-address-galamsey-menace-sanitation-ministry/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons}} ===Policy setting=== * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing Ghanaian Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926043318/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing |date=26 September 2019 }} ===Economic regulation=== * [http://www.purc.com.gh/ Ghanaian Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission (PURC)] ===Service provision=== * [http://www.cwsagh.org/ Community Water and Sanitation Agency] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727204856/http://www.ghanawater.com.gh/ Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)] * [http://waterinafrica.org/ Water In Africa Through Everyday Responsiveness, a nonprofit which installs boreholes throughout Ghana] {{Health in Ghana|state=uncollapsed}} {{Ghana topics}} {{Water supply and sanitation by country}} [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana| ]] [[Category:Environment of Ghana]] [[Category:Environmental issues in Ghana]] [[Category:Volta River Authority]] [[Category:1994 establishments in Ghana]] nuzd19snd3yzk4u4l0nw94a3ymoiv7b 137695 137694 2026-05-28T19:12:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox water supply and sanitation |country = [[Ghana]] |image = Flag of Ghana.svg |caption = |water_coverage = 78% (2015)<ref name="JMP">{{cite web|last = World Health Organization|author-link = World Health Organization|author2 = UNICEF|title = Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)|url = http://www.wssinfo.org|access-date = 15 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216075751/http://www.wssinfo.org/|archive-date = 16 February 2008}}</ref> |sanitation_coverage = 14% (2015)<ref name="JMP"/> (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra<ref name="maxwell">{{cite conference| first = Maxwell| last = Adu-Ahyiah| author2 = Anku, Romi Ernest| title = Small Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenario)| location = Lund| url = http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| access-date = 28 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922155531/http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| archive-date = 22 September 2007}}, p. 1–2</ref>) |continuity_of_supply= 25% in [[Accra]]<ref name="wateraid 2">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 2</ref> |urban_water_use = n/a |tariff = GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)<ref name="GWI tariffs"/> |metering = n/a |investment = US$0.7 per capita<ref name="wateraid 3">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 3. According to the source annual investments for an unspecified year (or average of years) are US$17m. Ghana has 26m inhabitants.</ref> |share_by_utilities = |tax_financing = |external_financing = About 90% development assistance<ref name="ADF">{{cite journal|last=African Development Fund |author-link=African Development Bank#Group Entities |title=Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report. |date=October 2005 |url=http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/126478C8BF8B14D1E040C00A0C3D0235 |format=[[PDF]] |access-date=28 March 2008 }}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, p. 6</ref> |decentralization = In rural areas: decentralization to districts, since 1994 |company = Yes: Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) |regulator = In urban areas: Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) |policy_setting = [http://mswr.gov.gh/ Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministry-of-sanitation-and-water-resources-mswr-ghana-133370|title=Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources (MSWR) (Ghana) &#124; Devex}}</ref> |sector_law = various |urban_providers = 1: GWCL |rural_providers = more than 400 community-managed piped systems<ref>{{cite journal| last = Nyarko| first = K. B.|author2=Oduro-Kwarteng, S. |author3=Adama, I.| title = Cost recovery of community-managed piped water systems in the Ashanti region, Ghana| journal = Water and Environment Journal| volume = 21| issue = 2| pages = 92–99| publisher = Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)| year = 2006| doi = 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2006.00051.x| s2cid = 154378574| issn = 1747-6585}}, p. 93</ref> }} '''water supply and sanitation''' ŋɔ nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli be [[Ghana]], nyɛla tuma yaɣ'shɛli ban tiri salo maa kom ka kpaŋsiri tiŋgbani ŋɔ ko'viɛlli nyabu soya. Ghana tiŋgbani ŋɔ, ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu nyɛla din mali yɛligola, di shɛŋa nyɛ ko'viɛlla kalinsi, kom kalinsi, kom zobu nyɛla din ka yaa n-ti pahi saɣiri din be mɔɣa ni. Tum yuuni 1994, lala tuma yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din nya lɛbiggimsim bela.<ref name="WaterAid">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scaling up Water and Sanitation in Ghana |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/18/scaling-up-water-and-sanitation-in-ghana |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=World Bank}}</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2006 mini yuuni 2011, AVRL nyɛla ban su fana ni kom yɛltɔɣa tum bɛ ni daa gbaai yuma anu alikawli ka di nyɛ din daa naai saha shɛli bɛ ni daa nya bɛ ni bori ni bɛ niŋ binsɛŋa la nyaaŋa.<ref>https://www.world-psi.org/en/aqua-vitens-hands-over-operations-back-ghana-water-company{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli ni sɔŋ booi laɣ'shɛli Ghana kom tuma duu yili nima ni mali diri niŋdi kom yɛltɔɣa ni.<ref name="WaterAid"/> [[National Water Policy]] (NWP) nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa kpa yuuni 2008 ka di nyɛ zalikpani shɛli gbubi kom tuma yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref name="NWP">{{cite web|last = Ghanaian Water Resources Commission|title = National Water Policy|url = http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|access-date = 26 March 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602092656/http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|archive-date = 2 June 2008|url-status = usurped}}</ref> National Water Policy ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa labi lihi shɛli yuuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Water Policy 2024 launched …to address climate change, rural water challenges | date=23 October 2024 | url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/water-policy-2024-launched-to-address-climate-change-rural-water-challenges/#:~:text=Water%20Policy%202024%20launched%20%E2%80%A6to%20address%20climate%20change%2C%20rural%20water%20challenges,-October%2023%2C%202024&text=The%20Ministry%20of%20Sanitation%20and%20Water%20Resources%20(MSWR)%20has%20launched,and%20strengthen%20rural%20water%20uses |location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]}}</ref> ==Access== Kom tibu tuma duri nyɛla din bi galisi di gbaai bahindi tiŋkpansi. Lahabali din yina Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation zaŋ n-ti [[UNICEF]] mini [[WHO]], kom mini ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu Ghana tiŋgbani nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2| ! Urban<br />(51% of the population) ! Rural<br />(49% of the population) ! Total |- | rowspan=2|Water<ref name="JMP"/> | [[At least basic water source|'At least basic' definition]] | 88% | 66% | 78% |- | House connections | 33% | 3% | 18% |- | rowspan=2|Sanitation<ref name="JMP"/> | [['At least basic' sanitation|'At least basic' definition]] | 19% | 9% | 14% |- |Sewerage | ? | ? | ? |} [[File:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|450px|The Fecal-oral disease route transmission]] ==Water resources== Ghana nyɛla din mali mɔga pam. Volta river nyɛla din mali mɔɣa kamani Oti, [[Daka River|Daka]], [[Pru River|Pru]], [[Sene River|Sene]] n-ti pahi [[Afram River|Afram]] mini [[White Volta|white]] ni [[Black Volta]] mɔɣa, kɔbigi puuni di nyɛla din kpuɣi vaabu pisopɔin Ghana mɔɣa ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni ayi nyɛla "southwestern river", di shɛŋa nyɛ [[Bia River|Bia]], [[Tano River|Tano]], [[Ankobra River|Ankobra]] n-ti pahi [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]]. "Coastal river system" mi gba nyɛ Ochi-Nawuka, Ochi Amissah, [[Ayensu River|Ayensu]], [[Densu River|Densu]] n-ti pahi Tordzie ka di gba kpuɣi kɔbigi puuni vaabu dibaa anii zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Yaha, ko'shɛŋa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni. Volta Lake din galisim paai kamani 8,500&nbsp;km² ika nyɛ dunia mɔɣ'kara puuni zaɣ'yini nyɛla di puuni shɛli. Ghana ni tooi nyari kom mɔɣa ni mini tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani 53.2&nbsp;billion m³ .<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 3–4</ref> {{wide image|Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG|930px|align-cap=center|Panorama and [[landscape]] view of Lake Volta in [[Volta Basin]] and [[Eastern Region, Ghana|Eastern Region]] of Ghana. [[Lake Volta]] by artificial surface area is the largest reservoir, lake, and [[artificial lake]] on Earth. Lake Volta [[Drainage|drain]]s into the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the Atlantic Ocean. [[Volta River]] has three main tributaries—the [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]] and [[Red Volta]].}} ==Water use== Yuuni 2000, tiŋgbani maa ni daa nya ko'shɛli zaa nyɛla din daa yiɣisi 982 million m³ ka yuusi pukparilim tumanima ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia zuɣu nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shhɛli "industry" ka chɛ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni anahi bee 235&nbsp;million m³ yuusi yiŋa. Yaha, 37,843&nbsp;km³ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shɛli niŋ niɣilim buɣim nyabu ni [[Akosombo Dam]] yuuni kam.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 4–5</ref> [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|350px|The [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] system of the [[List of rivers of Ghana|rivers of Ghana]].]] ===Illegal mining activities and water supply=== Minista Samuel Abu Jinapor nyɛla ŋun yina n-ti yɛlli tingbani ŋɔ bilichininima ni Ghana kom nyɛla din viɛlligi ka binshɛli bɛ ni tooi nyu ka barina shɛli ka hali salin'gbiriba ŋɔ saɣim mɔɣa maa zaa yoli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lands Minister Jinapor Defends Ghana's Water Supply Amidst Galamsey Concerns |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/blogs/godblessed/Lands-Minister-Jinapor-Defends-Ghana-s-Water-Supply-Amidst-Galamsey-Concerns-244 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=Ghana Web |date=9 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New water policy to address 'galamsey' menace – Sanitation Ministry |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/new-water-policy-to-address-galamsey-menace-sanitation-ministry/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons}} ===Policy setting=== * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing Ghanaian Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926043318/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing |date=26 September 2019 }} ===Economic regulation=== * [http://www.purc.com.gh/ Ghanaian Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission (PURC)] ===Service provision=== * [http://www.cwsagh.org/ Community Water and Sanitation Agency] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727204856/http://www.ghanawater.com.gh/ Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)] * [http://waterinafrica.org/ Water In Africa Through Everyday Responsiveness, a nonprofit which installs boreholes throughout Ghana] {{Health in Ghana|state=uncollapsed}} {{Ghana topics}} {{Water supply and sanitation by country}} [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana| ]] [[Category:Environment of Ghana]] [[Category:Environmental issues in Ghana]] [[Category:Volta River Authority]] [[Category:1994 establishments in Ghana]] pt4jcq8auwlwlr1pdgbk7ym8q0bv9v7 137696 137695 2026-05-28T19:17:09Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox water supply and sanitation |country = [[Ghana]] |image = Flag of Ghana.svg |caption = |water_coverage = 78% (2015)<ref name="JMP">{{cite web|last = World Health Organization|author-link = World Health Organization|author2 = UNICEF|title = Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)|url = http://www.wssinfo.org|access-date = 15 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216075751/http://www.wssinfo.org/|archive-date = 16 February 2008}}</ref> |sanitation_coverage = 14% (2015)<ref name="JMP"/> (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra<ref name="maxwell">{{cite conference| first = Maxwell| last = Adu-Ahyiah| author2 = Anku, Romi Ernest| title = Small Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenario)| location = Lund| url = http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| access-date = 28 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922155531/http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| archive-date = 22 September 2007}}, p. 1–2</ref>) |continuity_of_supply= 25% in [[Accra]]<ref name="wateraid 2">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 2</ref> |urban_water_use = n/a |tariff = GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)<ref name="GWI tariffs"/> |metering = n/a |investment = US$0.7 per capita<ref name="wateraid 3">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 3. According to the source annual investments for an unspecified year (or average of years) are US$17m. Ghana has 26m inhabitants.</ref> |share_by_utilities = |tax_financing = |external_financing = About 90% development assistance<ref name="ADF">{{cite journal|last=African Development Fund |author-link=African Development Bank#Group Entities |title=Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report. |date=October 2005 |url=http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/126478C8BF8B14D1E040C00A0C3D0235 |format=[[PDF]] |access-date=28 March 2008 }}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, p. 6</ref> |decentralization = In rural areas: decentralization to districts, since 1994 |company = Yes: Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) |regulator = In urban areas: Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) |policy_setting = [http://mswr.gov.gh/ Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministry-of-sanitation-and-water-resources-mswr-ghana-133370|title=Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources (MSWR) (Ghana) &#124; Devex}}</ref> |sector_law = various |urban_providers = 1: GWCL |rural_providers = more than 400 community-managed piped systems<ref>{{cite journal| last = Nyarko| first = K. B.|author2=Oduro-Kwarteng, S. |author3=Adama, I.| title = Cost recovery of community-managed piped water systems in the Ashanti region, Ghana| journal = Water and Environment Journal| volume = 21| issue = 2| pages = 92–99| publisher = Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)| year = 2006| doi = 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2006.00051.x| s2cid = 154378574| issn = 1747-6585}}, p. 93</ref> }} '''water supply and sanitation''' ŋɔ nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli be [[Ghana]], nyɛla tuma yaɣ'shɛli ban tiri salo maa kom ka kpaŋsiri tiŋgbani ŋɔ ko'viɛlli nyabu soya. Ghana tiŋgbani ŋɔ, ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu nyɛla din mali yɛligola, di shɛŋa nyɛ ko'viɛlla kalinsi, kom kalinsi, kom zobu nyɛla din ka yaa n-ti pahi saɣiri din be mɔɣa ni. Tum yuuni 1994, lala tuma yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din nya lɛbiggimsim bela.<ref name="WaterAid">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scaling up Water and Sanitation in Ghana |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/18/scaling-up-water-and-sanitation-in-ghana |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=World Bank}}</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2006 mini yuuni 2011, AVRL nyɛla ban su fana ni kom yɛltɔɣa tum bɛ ni daa gbaai yuma anu alikawli ka di nyɛ din daa naai saha shɛli bɛ ni daa nya bɛ ni bori ni bɛ niŋ binsɛŋa la nyaaŋa.<ref>https://www.world-psi.org/en/aqua-vitens-hands-over-operations-back-ghana-water-company{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli ni sɔŋ booi laɣ'shɛli Ghana kom tuma duu yili nima ni mali diri niŋdi kom yɛltɔɣa ni.<ref name="WaterAid"/> [[National Water Policy]] (NWP) nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa kpa yuuni 2008 ka di nyɛ zalikpani shɛli gbubi kom tuma yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref name="NWP">{{cite web|last = Ghanaian Water Resources Commission|title = National Water Policy|url = http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|access-date = 26 March 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602092656/http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|archive-date = 2 June 2008|url-status = usurped}}</ref> National Water Policy ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa labi lihi shɛli yuuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Water Policy 2024 launched …to address climate change, rural water challenges | date=23 October 2024 | url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/water-policy-2024-launched-to-address-climate-change-rural-water-challenges/#:~:text=Water%20Policy%202024%20launched%20%E2%80%A6to%20address%20climate%20change%2C%20rural%20water%20challenges,-October%2023%2C%202024&text=The%20Ministry%20of%20Sanitation%20and%20Water%20Resources%20(MSWR)%20has%20launched,and%20strengthen%20rural%20water%20uses |location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]}}</ref> ==Access== Kom tibu tuma duri nyɛla din bi galisi di gbaai bahindi tiŋkpansi. Lahabali din yina Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation zaŋ n-ti [[UNICEF]] mini [[WHO]], kom mini ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu Ghana tiŋgbani nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2| ! Urban<br />(51% of the population) ! Rural<br />(49% of the population) ! Total |- | rowspan=2|Water<ref name="JMP"/> | [[At least basic water source|'At least basic' definition]] | 88% | 66% | 78% |- | House connections | 33% | 3% | 18% |- | rowspan=2|Sanitation<ref name="JMP"/> | [['At least basic' sanitation|'At least basic' definition]] | 19% | 9% | 14% |- |Sewerage | ? | ? | ? |} [[File:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|450px|The Fecal-oral disease route transmission]] ==Water resources== Ghana nyɛla din mali mɔga pam. Volta river nyɛla din mali mɔɣa kamani Oti, [[Daka River|Daka]], [[Pru River|Pru]], [[Sene River|Sene]] n-ti pahi [[Afram River|Afram]] mini [[White Volta|white]] ni [[Black Volta]] mɔɣa, kɔbigi puuni di nyɛla din kpuɣi vaabu pisopɔin Ghana mɔɣa ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni ayi nyɛla "southwestern river", di shɛŋa nyɛ [[Bia River|Bia]], [[Tano River|Tano]], [[Ankobra River|Ankobra]] n-ti pahi [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]]. "Coastal river system" mi gba nyɛ Ochi-Nawuka, Ochi Amissah, [[Ayensu River|Ayensu]], [[Densu River|Densu]] n-ti pahi Tordzie ka di gba kpuɣi kɔbigi puuni vaabu dibaa anii zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Yaha, ko'shɛŋa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni. Volta Lake din galisim paai kamani 8,500&nbsp;km² ika nyɛ dunia mɔɣ'kara puuni zaɣ'yini nyɛla di puuni shɛli. Ghana ni tooi nyari kom mɔɣa ni mini tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani 53.2&nbsp;billion m³ .<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 3–4</ref> {{wide image|Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG|930px|align-cap=center|Panorama and [[landscape]] view of Lake Volta in [[Volta Basin]] and [[Eastern Region, Ghana|Eastern Region]] of Ghana. [[Lake Volta]] by artificial surface area is the largest reservoir, lake, and [[artificial lake]] on Earth. Lake Volta [[Drainage|drain]]s into the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the Atlantic Ocean. [[Volta River]] has three main tributaries—the [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]] and [[Red Volta]].}} ==Water use== Yuuni 2000, tiŋgbani maa ni daa nya ko'shɛli zaa nyɛla din daa yiɣisi 982 million m³ ka yuusi pukparilim tumanima ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia zuɣu nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shhɛli "industry" ka chɛ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni anahi bee 235&nbsp;million m³ yuusi yiŋa. Yaha, 37,843&nbsp;km³ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shɛli niŋ niɣilim buɣim nyabu ni [[Akosombo Dam]] yuuni kam.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 4–5</ref> [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|350px|The [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] system of the [[List of rivers of Ghana|rivers of Ghana]].]] ===Illegal mining activities and water supply=== Minista Samuel Abu Jinapor nyɛla ŋun yina n-ti yɛlli tingbani ŋɔ bilichininima ni Ghana kom nyɛla din viɛlligi ka binshɛli bɛ ni tooi nyu ka barina shɛli ka hali salin'gbiriba ŋɔ saɣim mɔɣa maa zaa yoli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lands Minister Jinapor Defends Ghana's Water Supply Amidst Galamsey Concerns |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/blogs/godblessed/Lands-Minister-Jinapor-Defends-Ghana-s-Water-Supply-Amidst-Galamsey-Concerns-244 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=Ghana Web |date=9 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New water policy to address 'galamsey' menace – Sanitation Ministry |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/new-water-policy-to-address-galamsey-menace-sanitation-ministry/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons}} ===Policy setting=== * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing Ghanaian Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926043318/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing |date=26 September 2019 }} ===Economic regulation=== * [http://www.purc.com.gh/ Ghanaian Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission (PURC)] ===Service provision=== * [http://www.cwsagh.org/ Community Water and Sanitation Agency] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727204856/http://www.ghanawater.com.gh/ Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)] * [http://waterinafrica.org/ Water In Africa Through Everyday Responsiveness, a nonprofit which installs boreholes throughout Ghana] {{Health in Ghana|state=uncollapsed}} {{Ghana topics}} {{Water supply and sanitation by country}} [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana| ]] [[Category:Environment of Ghana]] [[Category:Environmental issues in Ghana]] [[Category:Volta River Authority]] [[Category:1994 establishments in Ghana]] 2pbaxckawb6rpwtbc07hihb59bczvlk 137697 137696 2026-05-28T19:18:15Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Water use */ Updated Content 137697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox water supply and sanitation |country = [[Ghana]] |image = Flag of Ghana.svg |caption = |water_coverage = 78% (2015)<ref name="JMP">{{cite web|last = World Health Organization|author-link = World Health Organization|author2 = UNICEF|title = Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)|url = http://www.wssinfo.org|access-date = 15 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216075751/http://www.wssinfo.org/|archive-date = 16 February 2008}}</ref> |sanitation_coverage = 14% (2015)<ref name="JMP"/> (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra<ref name="maxwell">{{cite conference| first = Maxwell| last = Adu-Ahyiah| author2 = Anku, Romi Ernest| title = Small Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenario)| location = Lund| url = http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| access-date = 28 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922155531/http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| archive-date = 22 September 2007}}, p. 1–2</ref>) |continuity_of_supply= 25% in [[Accra]]<ref name="wateraid 2">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 2</ref> |urban_water_use = n/a |tariff = GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)<ref name="GWI tariffs"/> |metering = n/a |investment = US$0.7 per capita<ref name="wateraid 3">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 3. According to the source annual investments for an unspecified year (or average of years) are US$17m. Ghana has 26m inhabitants.</ref> |share_by_utilities = |tax_financing = |external_financing = About 90% development assistance<ref name="ADF">{{cite journal|last=African Development Fund |author-link=African Development Bank#Group Entities |title=Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report. |date=October 2005 |url=http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/126478C8BF8B14D1E040C00A0C3D0235 |format=[[PDF]] |access-date=28 March 2008 }}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, p. 6</ref> |decentralization = In rural areas: decentralization to districts, since 1994 |company = Yes: Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) |regulator = In urban areas: Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) |policy_setting = [http://mswr.gov.gh/ Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministry-of-sanitation-and-water-resources-mswr-ghana-133370|title=Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources (MSWR) (Ghana) &#124; Devex}}</ref> |sector_law = various |urban_providers = 1: GWCL |rural_providers = more than 400 community-managed piped systems<ref>{{cite journal| last = Nyarko| first = K. B.|author2=Oduro-Kwarteng, S. |author3=Adama, I.| title = Cost recovery of community-managed piped water systems in the Ashanti region, Ghana| journal = Water and Environment Journal| volume = 21| issue = 2| pages = 92–99| publisher = Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)| year = 2006| doi = 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2006.00051.x| s2cid = 154378574| issn = 1747-6585}}, p. 93</ref> }} '''water supply and sanitation''' ŋɔ nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli be [[Ghana]], nyɛla tuma yaɣ'shɛli ban tiri salo maa kom ka kpaŋsiri tiŋgbani ŋɔ ko'viɛlli nyabu soya. Ghana tiŋgbani ŋɔ, ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu nyɛla din mali yɛligola, di shɛŋa nyɛ ko'viɛlla kalinsi, kom kalinsi, kom zobu nyɛla din ka yaa n-ti pahi saɣiri din be mɔɣa ni. Tum yuuni 1994, lala tuma yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din nya lɛbiggimsim bela.<ref name="WaterAid">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scaling up Water and Sanitation in Ghana |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/18/scaling-up-water-and-sanitation-in-ghana |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=World Bank}}</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2006 mini yuuni 2011, AVRL nyɛla ban su fana ni kom yɛltɔɣa tum bɛ ni daa gbaai yuma anu alikawli ka di nyɛ din daa naai saha shɛli bɛ ni daa nya bɛ ni bori ni bɛ niŋ binsɛŋa la nyaaŋa.<ref>https://www.world-psi.org/en/aqua-vitens-hands-over-operations-back-ghana-water-company{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli ni sɔŋ booi laɣ'shɛli Ghana kom tuma duu yili nima ni mali diri niŋdi kom yɛltɔɣa ni.<ref name="WaterAid"/> [[National Water Policy]] (NWP) nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa kpa yuuni 2008 ka di nyɛ zalikpani shɛli gbubi kom tuma yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref name="NWP">{{cite web|last = Ghanaian Water Resources Commission|title = National Water Policy|url = http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|access-date = 26 March 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602092656/http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|archive-date = 2 June 2008|url-status = usurped}}</ref> National Water Policy ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa labi lihi shɛli yuuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Water Policy 2024 launched …to address climate change, rural water challenges | date=23 October 2024 | url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/water-policy-2024-launched-to-address-climate-change-rural-water-challenges/#:~:text=Water%20Policy%202024%20launched%20%E2%80%A6to%20address%20climate%20change%2C%20rural%20water%20challenges,-October%2023%2C%202024&text=The%20Ministry%20of%20Sanitation%20and%20Water%20Resources%20(MSWR)%20has%20launched,and%20strengthen%20rural%20water%20uses |location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]}}</ref> ==Access== Kom tibu tuma duri nyɛla din bi galisi di gbaai bahindi tiŋkpansi. Lahabali din yina Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation zaŋ n-ti [[UNICEF]] mini [[WHO]], kom mini ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu Ghana tiŋgbani nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2| ! Urban<br />(51% of the population) ! Rural<br />(49% of the population) ! Total |- | rowspan=2|Water<ref name="JMP"/> | [[At least basic water source|'At least basic' definition]] | 88% | 66% | 78% |- | House connections | 33% | 3% | 18% |- | rowspan=2|Sanitation<ref name="JMP"/> | [['At least basic' sanitation|'At least basic' definition]] | 19% | 9% | 14% |- |Sewerage | ? | ? | ? |} [[File:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|450px|The Fecal-oral disease route transmission]] ==Water resources== Ghana nyɛla din mali mɔga pam. Volta river nyɛla din mali mɔɣa kamani Oti, [[Daka River|Daka]], [[Pru River|Pru]], [[Sene River|Sene]] n-ti pahi [[Afram River|Afram]] mini [[White Volta|white]] ni [[Black Volta]] mɔɣa, kɔbigi puuni di nyɛla din kpuɣi vaabu pisopɔin Ghana mɔɣa ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni ayi nyɛla "southwestern river", di shɛŋa nyɛ [[Bia River|Bia]], [[Tano River|Tano]], [[Ankobra River|Ankobra]] n-ti pahi [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]]. "Coastal river system" mi gba nyɛ Ochi-Nawuka, Ochi Amissah, [[Ayensu River|Ayensu]], [[Densu River|Densu]] n-ti pahi Tordzie ka di gba kpuɣi kɔbigi puuni vaabu dibaa anii zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Yaha, ko'shɛŋa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni. Volta Lake din galisim paai kamani 8,500&nbsp;km² ika nyɛ dunia mɔɣ'kara puuni zaɣ'yini nyɛla di puuni shɛli. Ghana ni tooi nyari kom mɔɣa ni mini tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani 53.2&nbsp;billion m³ .<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 3–4</ref> {{wide image|Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG|930px|align-cap=center|Panorama and [[landscape]] view of Lake Volta in [[Volta Basin]] and [[Eastern Region, Ghana|Eastern Region]] of Ghana. [[Lake Volta]] by artificial surface area is the largest reservoir, lake, and [[artificial lake]] on Earth. Lake Volta [[Drainage|drain]]s into the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the Atlantic Ocean. [[Volta River]] has three main tributaries—the [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]] and [[Red Volta]].}} ==Kom yuusibu == Yuuni 2000, tiŋgbani maa ni daa nya ko'shɛli zaa nyɛla din daa yiɣisi 982 million m³ ka yuusi pukparilim tumanima ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia zuɣu nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shhɛli "industry" ka chɛ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni anahi bee 235&nbsp;million m³ yuusi yiŋa. Yaha, 37,843&nbsp;km³ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shɛli niŋ niɣilim buɣim nyabu ni [[Akosombo Dam]] yuuni kam.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 4–5</ref> [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|350px|The [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] system of the [[List of rivers of Ghana|rivers of Ghana]].]] ===Illegal mining activities and water supply=== Minista Samuel Abu Jinapor nyɛla ŋun yina n-ti yɛlli tingbani ŋɔ bilichininima ni Ghana kom nyɛla din viɛlligi ka binshɛli bɛ ni tooi nyu ka barina shɛli ka hali salin'gbiriba ŋɔ saɣim mɔɣa maa zaa yoli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lands Minister Jinapor Defends Ghana's Water Supply Amidst Galamsey Concerns |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/blogs/godblessed/Lands-Minister-Jinapor-Defends-Ghana-s-Water-Supply-Amidst-Galamsey-Concerns-244 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=Ghana Web |date=9 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New water policy to address 'galamsey' menace – Sanitation Ministry |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/new-water-policy-to-address-galamsey-menace-sanitation-ministry/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons}} ===Policy setting=== * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing Ghanaian Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926043318/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing |date=26 September 2019 }} ===Economic regulation=== * [http://www.purc.com.gh/ Ghanaian Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission (PURC)] ===Service provision=== * [http://www.cwsagh.org/ Community Water and Sanitation Agency] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727204856/http://www.ghanawater.com.gh/ Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)] * [http://waterinafrica.org/ Water In Africa Through Everyday Responsiveness, a nonprofit which installs boreholes throughout Ghana] {{Health in Ghana|state=uncollapsed}} {{Ghana topics}} {{Water supply and sanitation by country}} [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana| ]] [[Category:Environment of Ghana]] [[Category:Environmental issues in Ghana]] [[Category:Volta River Authority]] [[Category:1994 establishments in Ghana]] joqp23a2nvcndsx0jpsrm8cqugm368p 137698 137697 2026-05-28T19:18:57Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Illegal mining activities and water supply */ Updated Content 137698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox water supply and sanitation |country = [[Ghana]] |image = Flag of Ghana.svg |caption = |water_coverage = 78% (2015)<ref name="JMP">{{cite web|last = World Health Organization|author-link = World Health Organization|author2 = UNICEF|title = Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)|url = http://www.wssinfo.org|access-date = 15 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216075751/http://www.wssinfo.org/|archive-date = 16 February 2008}}</ref> |sanitation_coverage = 14% (2015)<ref name="JMP"/> (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra<ref name="maxwell">{{cite conference| first = Maxwell| last = Adu-Ahyiah| author2 = Anku, Romi Ernest| title = Small Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenario)| location = Lund| url = http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| access-date = 28 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922155531/http://www.vateknik.lth.se/Publications/exjobbsrapporter/Maxwell_Romi_scientifc%20paper.pdf| archive-date = 22 September 2007}}, p. 1–2</ref>) |continuity_of_supply= 25% in [[Accra]]<ref name="wateraid 2">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 2</ref> |urban_water_use = n/a |tariff = GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)<ref name="GWI tariffs"/> |metering = n/a |investment = US$0.7 per capita<ref name="wateraid 3">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 3. According to the source annual investments for an unspecified year (or average of years) are US$17m. Ghana has 26m inhabitants.</ref> |share_by_utilities = |tax_financing = |external_financing = About 90% development assistance<ref name="ADF">{{cite journal|last=African Development Fund |author-link=African Development Bank#Group Entities |title=Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report. |date=October 2005 |url=http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/126478C8BF8B14D1E040C00A0C3D0235 |format=[[PDF]] |access-date=28 March 2008 }}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, p. 6</ref> |decentralization = In rural areas: decentralization to districts, since 1994 |company = Yes: Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) |regulator = In urban areas: Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) |policy_setting = [http://mswr.gov.gh/ Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministry-of-sanitation-and-water-resources-mswr-ghana-133370|title=Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources (MSWR) (Ghana) &#124; Devex}}</ref> |sector_law = various |urban_providers = 1: GWCL |rural_providers = more than 400 community-managed piped systems<ref>{{cite journal| last = Nyarko| first = K. B.|author2=Oduro-Kwarteng, S. |author3=Adama, I.| title = Cost recovery of community-managed piped water systems in the Ashanti region, Ghana| journal = Water and Environment Journal| volume = 21| issue = 2| pages = 92–99| publisher = Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)| year = 2006| doi = 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2006.00051.x| s2cid = 154378574| issn = 1747-6585}}, p. 93</ref> }} '''water supply and sanitation''' ŋɔ nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli be [[Ghana]], nyɛla tuma yaɣ'shɛli ban tiri salo maa kom ka kpaŋsiri tiŋgbani ŋɔ ko'viɛlli nyabu soya. Ghana tiŋgbani ŋɔ, ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu nyɛla din mali yɛligola, di shɛŋa nyɛ ko'viɛlla kalinsi, kom kalinsi, kom zobu nyɛla din ka yaa n-ti pahi saɣiri din be mɔɣa ni. Tum yuuni 1994, lala tuma yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din nya lɛbiggimsim bela.<ref name="WaterAid">{{cite web|last = WaterAid|author-link = WaterAid|title = National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url = http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|format = [[PDF]]|access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scaling up Water and Sanitation in Ghana |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/18/scaling-up-water-and-sanitation-in-ghana |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=World Bank}}</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2006 mini yuuni 2011, AVRL nyɛla ban su fana ni kom yɛltɔɣa tum bɛ ni daa gbaai yuma anu alikawli ka di nyɛ din daa naai saha shɛli bɛ ni daa nya bɛ ni bori ni bɛ niŋ binsɛŋa la nyaaŋa.<ref>https://www.world-psi.org/en/aqua-vitens-hands-over-operations-back-ghana-water-company{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli ni sɔŋ booi laɣ'shɛli Ghana kom tuma duu yili nima ni mali diri niŋdi kom yɛltɔɣa ni.<ref name="WaterAid"/> [[National Water Policy]] (NWP) nyɛla kom tuma yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa kpa yuuni 2008 ka di nyɛ zalikpani shɛli gbubi kom tuma yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref name="NWP">{{cite web|last = Ghanaian Water Resources Commission|title = National Water Policy|url = http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|access-date = 26 March 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602092656/http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|archive-date = 2 June 2008|url-status = usurped}}</ref> National Water Policy ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa labi lihi shɛli yuuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Water Policy 2024 launched …to address climate change, rural water challenges | date=23 October 2024 | url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/water-policy-2024-launched-to-address-climate-change-rural-water-challenges/#:~:text=Water%20Policy%202024%20launched%20%E2%80%A6to%20address%20climate%20change%2C%20rural%20water%20challenges,-October%2023%2C%202024&text=The%20Ministry%20of%20Sanitation%20and%20Water%20Resources%20(MSWR)%20has%20launched,and%20strengthen%20rural%20water%20uses |location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]}}</ref> ==Access== Kom tibu tuma duri nyɛla din bi galisi di gbaai bahindi tiŋkpansi. Lahabali din yina Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation zaŋ n-ti [[UNICEF]] mini [[WHO]], kom mini ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu Ghana tiŋgbani nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2| ! Urban<br />(51% of the population) ! Rural<br />(49% of the population) ! Total |- | rowspan=2|Water<ref name="JMP"/> | [[At least basic water source|'At least basic' definition]] | 88% | 66% | 78% |- | House connections | 33% | 3% | 18% |- | rowspan=2|Sanitation<ref name="JMP"/> | [['At least basic' sanitation|'At least basic' definition]] | 19% | 9% | 14% |- |Sewerage | ? | ? | ? |} [[File:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|450px|The Fecal-oral disease route transmission]] ==Water resources== Ghana nyɛla din mali mɔga pam. Volta river nyɛla din mali mɔɣa kamani Oti, [[Daka River|Daka]], [[Pru River|Pru]], [[Sene River|Sene]] n-ti pahi [[Afram River|Afram]] mini [[White Volta|white]] ni [[Black Volta]] mɔɣa, kɔbigi puuni di nyɛla din kpuɣi vaabu pisopɔin Ghana mɔɣa ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni ayi nyɛla "southwestern river", di shɛŋa nyɛ [[Bia River|Bia]], [[Tano River|Tano]], [[Ankobra River|Ankobra]] n-ti pahi [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]]. "Coastal river system" mi gba nyɛ Ochi-Nawuka, Ochi Amissah, [[Ayensu River|Ayensu]], [[Densu River|Densu]] n-ti pahi Tordzie ka di gba kpuɣi kɔbigi puuni vaabu dibaa anii zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Yaha, ko'shɛŋa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni. Volta Lake din galisim paai kamani 8,500&nbsp;km² ika nyɛ dunia mɔɣ'kara puuni zaɣ'yini nyɛla di puuni shɛli. Ghana ni tooi nyari kom mɔɣa ni mini tiŋgbani kɔɣa ni nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani 53.2&nbsp;billion m³ .<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 3–4</ref> {{wide image|Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG|930px|align-cap=center|Panorama and [[landscape]] view of Lake Volta in [[Volta Basin]] and [[Eastern Region, Ghana|Eastern Region]] of Ghana. [[Lake Volta]] by artificial surface area is the largest reservoir, lake, and [[artificial lake]] on Earth. Lake Volta [[Drainage|drain]]s into the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the Atlantic Ocean. [[Volta River]] has three main tributaries—the [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]] and [[Red Volta]].}} ==Kom yuusibu == Yuuni 2000, tiŋgbani maa ni daa nya ko'shɛli zaa nyɛla din daa yiɣisi 982 million m³ ka yuusi pukparilim tumanima ni. Kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia zuɣu nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shhɛli "industry" ka chɛ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi ni anahi bee 235&nbsp;million m³ yuusi yiŋa. Yaha, 37,843&nbsp;km³ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yuusi shɛli niŋ niɣilim buɣim nyabu ni [[Akosombo Dam]] yuuni kam.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations| author-link = Food and Agriculture Organization| title = Ghana Country Overview| url = http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/ghana/ghana_cp.pdf| access-date = 25 March 2008}}, p. 4–5</ref> [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|350px|The [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] system of the [[List of rivers of Ghana|rivers of Ghana]].]] ===Salima gbibu mini kom tibu === Minista Samuel Abu Jinapor nyɛla ŋun yina n-ti yɛlli tingbani ŋɔ bilichininima ni Ghana kom nyɛla din viɛlligi ka binshɛli bɛ ni tooi nyu ka barina shɛli ka hali salin'gbiriba ŋɔ saɣim mɔɣa maa zaa yoli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lands Minister Jinapor Defends Ghana's Water Supply Amidst Galamsey Concerns |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/blogs/godblessed/Lands-Minister-Jinapor-Defends-Ghana-s-Water-Supply-Amidst-Galamsey-Concerns-244 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=Ghana Web |date=9 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New water policy to address 'galamsey' menace – Sanitation Ministry |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/new-water-policy-to-address-galamsey-menace-sanitation-ministry/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons}} ===Policy setting=== * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing Ghanaian Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926043318/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/ministries/274-ministry-of-water-resources-works-housing |date=26 September 2019 }} ===Economic regulation=== * [http://www.purc.com.gh/ Ghanaian Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission (PURC)] ===Service provision=== * [http://www.cwsagh.org/ Community Water and Sanitation Agency] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727204856/http://www.ghanawater.com.gh/ Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)] * [http://waterinafrica.org/ Water In Africa Through Everyday Responsiveness, a nonprofit which installs boreholes throughout Ghana] {{Health in Ghana|state=uncollapsed}} {{Ghana topics}} {{Water supply and sanitation by country}} [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana| ]] [[Category:Environment of Ghana]] [[Category:Environmental issues in Ghana]] [[Category:Volta River Authority]] [[Category:1994 establishments in Ghana]] asec1wz61bv2ssca9brt09wjhehjsyd 0 33139 137699 2026-05-28T19:44:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the river in Brazil|Biá River}} {{Infobox river | name = Bia River<br>''Rivière Bia'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Bia | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Mouth | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|83|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aby Lagoon]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9300|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bia''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣa shɛli din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi Ghana mini [[Ivory Coast]],<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> din niŋ ka di zori paari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be Ghanaian/Ivory Coast border.<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> Niɣilim buɣim tibu mɔɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gili Bia din be Ayame yuuni 1959 ka dizuɣu daa chɛ ka Lake Ayame daa piligi.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf Lake Ayame] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315160844/http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf |date=March 15, 2007 }}. ''mnhn.fr''.</ref><ref>[http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/kona25013.htm Konan F K, Edia E O, Bony Y K, Ouattara A and Gourène G 2013: Fish assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #13. Retrieved November 21, 2014 ]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} <!--{{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} hjwop4ybloy2cfi4yamlobm3pv8u77n 137700 137699 2026-05-28T19:45:23Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Bia River<br>''Rivière Bia'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Bia | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Mouth | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|83|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aby Lagoon]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9300|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bia''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣa shɛli din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi Ghana mini [[Ivory Coast]],<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> din niŋ ka di zori paari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be Ghanaian/Ivory Coast border.<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> Niɣilim buɣim tibu mɔɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gili Bia din be Ayame yuuni 1959 ka dizuɣu daa chɛ ka Lake Ayame daa piligi.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf Lake Ayame] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315160844/http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf |date=March 15, 2007 }}. ''mnhn.fr''.</ref><ref>[http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/kona25013.htm Konan F K, Edia E O, Bony Y K, Ouattara A and Gourène G 2013: Fish assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #13. Retrieved November 21, 2014 ]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} <!--{{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} a01umbdbi9bgpai2rx1yi8m4112y7lk 137701 137700 2026-05-28T19:45:54Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Bia River<br>''Rivière Bia'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Bia | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Mouth | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|83|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aby Lagoon]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9300|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bia''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣa shɛli din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi Ghana mini [[Ivory Coast]],<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> din niŋ ka di zori paari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be Ghanaian/Ivory Coast border.<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> Niɣilim buɣim tibu mɔɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gili Bia din be Ayame yuuni 1959 ka dizuɣu daa chɛ ka Lake Ayame daa piligi.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf Lake Ayame] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315160844/http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf |date=March 15, 2007 }}. ''mnhn.fr''.</ref><ref>[http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/kona25013.htm Konan F K, Edia E O, Bony Y K, Ouattara A and Gourène G 2013: Fish assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #13. Retrieved November 21, 2014 ]</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} <!--{{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} c8a1q0qw5q50ixuvso59b27sm5bj8jt 137702 137701 2026-05-28T19:46:37Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Bia River<br>''Rivière Bia'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Bia | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Mouth | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|83|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aby Lagoon]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9300|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bia''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣa shɛli din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi Ghana mini [[Ivory Coast]],<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> din niŋ ka di zori paari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be Ghanaian/Ivory Coast border.<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> Niɣilim buɣim tibu mɔɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gili Bia din be Ayame yuuni 1959 ka dizuɣu daa chɛ ka Lake Ayame daa piligi.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf Lake Ayame] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315160844/http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf |date=March 15, 2007 }}. ''mnhn.fr''.</ref><ref>[http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/kona25013.htm Konan F K, Edia E O, Bony Y K, Ouattara A and Gourène G 2013: Fish assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #13. Retrieved November 21, 2014 ]</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} <!--{{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} 25ge7lou759scas5m3uhhvbu9y7xwms 137703 137702 2026-05-28T19:47:18Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Bia River<br>''Rivière Bia'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Bia | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Mouth | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|83|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aby Lagoon]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9300|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bia''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣa shɛli din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi Ghana mini [[Ivory Coast]],<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> din niŋ ka di zori paari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be Ghanaian/Ivory Coast border.<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> Niɣilim buɣim tibu mɔɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gili Bia din be Ayame yuuni 1959 ka dizuɣu daa chɛ ka Lake Ayame daa piligi.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf Lake Ayame] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315160844/http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf |date=March 15, 2007 }}. ''mnhn.fr''.</ref><ref>[http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/kona25013.htm Konan F K, Edia E O, Bony Y K, Ouattara A and Gourène G 2013: Fish assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #13. Retrieved November 21, 2014 ]</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist}} <!--{{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] bba7zfphr6rwg3srhg4sbq5vi9c8gn5 0 33140 137704 2026-05-28T19:53:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Tano River<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' bee '''Tanoé River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Tano'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kilomita kɔbisinahi bin din gbaai tiŋ yuli booni Traa, tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti [[Techiman]], tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti Bono East Region din be Republic of [[Ghana]] zaŋ hali ni Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon ka nyɛ din naari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be [[Ivory Coast]], ni ka di kpɛri Atlantic Ocean. Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kilomita bela ŋɔ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana mini Ivory Coast tiŋgbana tarisi.<ref name=":0">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]}}. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Bilichininima zaŋ n-ti Bono nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni "Bono gods on Earth" nyɛla ŋun be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216063641/http://patachu.com/tano-river/ |date=2013-02-16 }}. ''patachu.com''.</ref> Ninvuɣ shɛba gba kamani [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), nyɛla bɛ ni mali dihitabili ni bɛ gba nyɛla ban mɔɣili ŋɔ mini Ehy Lagoon susuuni.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2008, lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi tihi shɛŋa ka daa taɣi lala yaɣili ŋɔ abe'tihi.<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Silimiin goli January yuuni 2020, loori ŋun daa ʒiri "sulfuric acid" nyɛla ŋun daa lu Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaata dali, bɛ daa yɛlli ninvuɣ shɛba ban lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ niŋmi katiŋ ka chɛ lala kom ŋɔ nyubu. Di nyaaŋa bɛ daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋ yihi lala taɣiri maa kom maa daa lahi leei ko'shɛli di ni tooi nyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> ==See also== *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IB1GNP8Prw Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXCcgllSV5A Drying up of the Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6QKc0Mz2DA Human Activities Dries up Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQcfaRn9dbE&t=333s Tanoso Residents do not eat fish in the Tano River] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> (HTML abstract) * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): [http://www.wildvet.at/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=193&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}. Version of 2008-MAY-28. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24.<!-- there are more detailed sources, but this seems to be the only English one that gets the taxonomy right... the most reliable sources at present would seem to be exclusively in French and German --> {{Rivers of Ghana}}{{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} 4ge8lzce73kg0z3b3w91awtmn1unpyp 137705 137704 2026-05-28T19:55:00Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Tano River<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' bee '''Tanoé River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Tano'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kilomita kɔbisinahi bin din gbaai tiŋ yuli booni Traa, tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti [[Techiman]], tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti Bono East Region din be Republic of [[Ghana]] zaŋ hali ni Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon ka nyɛ din naari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be [[Ivory Coast]], ni ka di kpɛri Atlantic Ocean. Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kilomita bela ŋɔ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana mini Ivory Coast tiŋgbana tarisi.<ref name=":0">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]}}. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Bilichininima zaŋ n-ti Bono nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni "Bono gods on Earth" nyɛla ŋun be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216063641/http://patachu.com/tano-river/ |date=2013-02-16 }}. ''patachu.com''.</ref> Ninvuɣ shɛba gba kamani [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), nyɛla bɛ ni mali dihitabili ni bɛ gba nyɛla ban mɔɣili ŋɔ mini Ehy Lagoon susuuni.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2008, lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi tihi shɛŋa ka daa taɣi lala yaɣili ŋɔ abe'tihi.<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Silimiin goli January yuuni 2020, loori ŋun daa ʒiri "sulfuric acid" nyɛla ŋun daa lu Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaata dali, bɛ daa yɛlli ninvuɣ shɛba ban lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ niŋmi katiŋ ka chɛ lala kom ŋɔ nyubu. Di nyaaŋa bɛ daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋ yihi lala taɣiri maa kom maa daa lahi leei ko'shɛli di ni tooi nyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> ==See also== *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IB1GNP8Prw Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXCcgllSV5A Drying up of the Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6QKc0Mz2DA Human Activities Dries up Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQcfaRn9dbE&t=333s Tanoso Residents do not eat fish in the Tano River] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> (HTML abstract) * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): [http://www.wildvet.at/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=193&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}. Version of 2008-MAY-28. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24.<!-- there are more detailed sources, but this seems to be the only English one that gets the taxonomy right... the most reliable sources at present would seem to be exclusively in French and German --> {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] 8dvf37xdn8qhc6vk4uv6woq6qtfciq7 137706 137705 2026-05-28T19:55:29Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Tano River<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' bee '''Tanoé River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Tano'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kilomita kɔbisinahi bin din gbaai tiŋ yuli booni Traa, tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti [[Techiman]], tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti Bono East Region din be Republic of [[Ghana]] zaŋ hali ni Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon ka nyɛ din naari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be [[Ivory Coast]], ni ka di kpɛri Atlantic Ocean. Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kilomita bela ŋɔ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana mini Ivory Coast tiŋgbana tarisi.<ref name=":0">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]}}. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Bilichininima zaŋ n-ti Bono nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni "Bono gods on Earth" nyɛla ŋun be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216063641/http://patachu.com/tano-river/ |date=2013-02-16 }}. ''patachu.com''.</ref> Ninvuɣ shɛba gba kamani [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), nyɛla bɛ ni mali dihitabili ni bɛ gba nyɛla ban mɔɣili ŋɔ mini Ehy Lagoon susuuni.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2008, lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi tihi shɛŋa ka daa taɣi lala yaɣili ŋɔ abe'tihi.<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Silimiin goli January yuuni 2020, loori ŋun daa ʒiri "sulfuric acid" nyɛla ŋun daa lu Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaata dali, bɛ daa yɛlli ninvuɣ shɛba ban lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ niŋmi katiŋ ka chɛ lala kom ŋɔ nyubu. Di nyaaŋa bɛ daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋ yihi lala taɣiri maa kom maa daa lahi leei ko'shɛli di ni tooi nyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> ==See also== *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IB1GNP8Prw Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXCcgllSV5A Drying up of the Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6QKc0Mz2DA Human Activities Dries up Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQcfaRn9dbE&t=333s Tanoso Residents do not eat fish in the Tano River] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==Kundivihira == * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> (HTML abstract) * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): [http://www.wildvet.at/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=193&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}. Version of 2008-MAY-28. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24.<!-- there are more detailed sources, but this seems to be the only English one that gets the taxonomy right... the most reliable sources at present would seem to be exclusively in French and German --> {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] sn1awgc4g73jzoiup8zzyqmwl01kvq1 137707 137706 2026-05-28T19:56:01Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* See also */ Updated Content 137707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Tano River<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' bee '''Tanoé River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Tano'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kilomita kɔbisinahi bin din gbaai tiŋ yuli booni Traa, tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti [[Techiman]], tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti Bono East Region din be Republic of [[Ghana]] zaŋ hali ni Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon ka nyɛ din naari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be [[Ivory Coast]], ni ka di kpɛri Atlantic Ocean. Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kilomita bela ŋɔ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana mini Ivory Coast tiŋgbana tarisi.<ref name=":0">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]}}. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Bilichininima zaŋ n-ti Bono nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni "Bono gods on Earth" nyɛla ŋun be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216063641/http://patachu.com/tano-river/ |date=2013-02-16 }}. ''patachu.com''.</ref> Ninvuɣ shɛba gba kamani [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), nyɛla bɛ ni mali dihitabili ni bɛ gba nyɛla ban mɔɣili ŋɔ mini Ehy Lagoon susuuni.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2008, lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi tihi shɛŋa ka daa taɣi lala yaɣili ŋɔ abe'tihi.<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Silimiin goli January yuuni 2020, loori ŋun daa ʒiri "sulfuric acid" nyɛla ŋun daa lu Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaata dali, bɛ daa yɛlli ninvuɣ shɛba ban lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ niŋmi katiŋ ka chɛ lala kom ŋɔ nyubu. Di nyaaŋa bɛ daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋ yihi lala taɣiri maa kom maa daa lahi leei ko'shɛli di ni tooi nyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> ==Lihimi m pahi == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IB1GNP8Prw Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXCcgllSV5A Drying up of the Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6QKc0Mz2DA Human Activities Dries up Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQcfaRn9dbE&t=333s Tanoso Residents do not eat fish in the Tano River] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==Kundivihira == * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> (HTML abstract) * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): [http://www.wildvet.at/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=193&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}. Version of 2008-MAY-28. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24.<!-- there are more detailed sources, but this seems to be the only English one that gets the taxonomy right... the most reliable sources at present would seem to be exclusively in French and German --> {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] fvspnys7l0vabtdzper4cngnqqngty1 137708 137707 2026-05-28T19:56:59Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Tano River<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' bee '''Tanoé River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Tano'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kilomita kɔbisinahi bin din gbaai tiŋ yuli booni Traa, tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti [[Techiman]], tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti Bono East Region din be Republic of [[Ghana]] zaŋ hali ni Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon ka nyɛ din naari [[Aby Lagoon]] din be [[Ivory Coast]], ni ka di kpɛri Atlantic Ocean. Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kilomita bela ŋɔ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana mini Ivory Coast tiŋgbana tarisi.<ref name=":0">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]}}. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Bilichininima zaŋ n-ti Bono nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni "Bono gods on Earth" nyɛla ŋun be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216063641/http://patachu.com/tano-river/ |date=2013-02-16 }}. ''patachu.com''.</ref> Ninvuɣ shɛba gba kamani [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), nyɛla bɛ ni mali dihitabili ni bɛ gba nyɛla ban mɔɣili ŋɔ mini Ehy Lagoon susuuni.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Bin din gbaai yuuni 2008, lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi tihi shɛŋa ka daa taɣi lala yaɣili ŋɔ abe'tihi.<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Silimiin goli January yuuni 2020, loori ŋun daa ʒiri "sulfuric acid" nyɛla ŋun daa lu Tano mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaata dali, bɛ daa yɛlli ninvuɣ shɛba ban lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ niŋmi katiŋ ka chɛ lala kom ŋɔ nyubu. Di nyaaŋa bɛ daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋ yihi lala taɣiri maa kom maa daa lahi leei ko'shɛli di ni tooi nyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> ==Lihimi m pahi == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IB1GNP8Prw Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXCcgllSV5A Drying up of the Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6QKc0Mz2DA Human Activities Dries up Tano River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQcfaRn9dbE&t=333s Tanoso Residents do not eat fish in the Tano River] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==Kundivihira == * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> (HTML abstract) * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): [http://www.wildvet.at/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=193&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}. Version of 2008-MAY-28. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24.<!-- there are more detailed sources, but this seems to be the only English one that gets the taxonomy right... the most reliable sources at present would seem to be exclusively in French and German --> {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] bz322u5xokdf85uv1vwa7ljm44vearw 0 33141 137709 2026-05-28T20:08:42Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Nini River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 10 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Tano River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|25|0|N|2|36|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nini''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be south-western [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Nini Suhien National Park|Nini-Suhien National Park]] (saha ŋɔ bɛ nyɛla ban zaŋ li pahi [[Ankasa Conservation Area]]) .<ref>[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Nini and Suhien Rivers]</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Tano River]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] *[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Tour site with reference to Nini and Suhien Rivers] {{Rivers of Ghana}}{{Clear}} <!--{{coord missing|Ghana}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] kl3rteiddw0qvo9gib7mmv4vi9xwrvx 137710 137709 2026-05-28T20:09:11Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Nini River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 10 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Tano River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|25|0|N|2|36|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nini''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be south-western [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Nini Suhien National Park|Nini-Suhien National Park]] (saha ŋɔ bɛ nyɛla ban zaŋ li pahi [[Ankasa Conservation Area]]) .<ref>[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Nini and Suhien Rivers]</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Tano River]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] *[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Tour site with reference to Nini and Suhien Rivers] {{Clear}} <!--{{coord missing|Ghana}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] lmlb5mlsvkhilxfd5g8eirboln7357g 137711 137710 2026-05-28T20:09:39Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Nini River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 10 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Tano River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|25|0|N|2|36|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nini''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be south-western [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Nini Suhien National Park|Nini-Suhien National Park]] (saha ŋɔ bɛ nyɛla ban zaŋ li pahi [[Ankasa Conservation Area]]) .<ref>[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Nini and Suhien Rivers]</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Tano River]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] *[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Tour site with reference to Nini and Suhien Rivers] {{Clear}} <!--{{coord missing|Ghana}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 5bfdoad8v3oziikbpx94s782bxhvxr5 137712 137711 2026-05-28T20:10:17Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Nini River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 10 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Tano River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|25|0|N|2|36|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nini''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be south-western [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Nini Suhien National Park|Nini-Suhien National Park]] (saha ŋɔ bɛ nyɛla ban zaŋ li pahi [[Ankasa Conservation Area]]) .<ref>[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Nini and Suhien Rivers]</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Tano River]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] *[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Tour site with reference to Nini and Suhien Rivers] {{Clear}} <!--{{coord missing|Ghana}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] do810cikqs17rzonz8c71m5oye7phus 0 33142 137713 2026-05-28T20:15:46Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin [[Nature reserve|Reserve]] din be Ghana's [[Atwima Mponua District]].<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region, Ghana|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==See also== *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] moksea6wcabrllnktof5047karzxnxt 137714 137713 2026-05-28T20:18:03Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin mɔɣ'bila din be Ghana's Atwima Mponua yaɣili.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region, Ghana|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==See also== *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] pj78sjmny63p2b19vox0apcvnxoojim 137715 137714 2026-05-28T20:18:58Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin mɔɣ'bila din be Ghana's Atwima Mponua yaɣili.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==See also== *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] q7vknaklhlqmuq0op22icvpmdittu77 137716 137715 2026-05-28T20:19:32Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* See also */ Updated Content 137716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin mɔɣ'bila din be Ghana's Atwima Mponua yaɣili.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==Lihimi m pahi == *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 85612rdnfeefttrtrua6m17i99meubc 137717 137716 2026-05-28T20:20:01Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin mɔɣ'bila din be Ghana's Atwima Mponua yaɣili.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==Lihimi m pahi == *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 99wuj67ezpjvkb4ctpoyhhyk87ipuuy 137718 137717 2026-05-28T20:20:24Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Kundivihira */ Updated Content 137718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin mɔɣ'bila din be Ghana's Atwima Mponua yaɣili.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==Lihimi m pahi == *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 25498tdbm023bhuvjtdngps9u58h1ym 137719 137718 2026-05-28T20:21:05Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ofin River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bridge over the Ofin River in 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ofin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri Tano Ofin mɔɣ'bila din be Ghana's Atwima Mponua yaɣili.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofin mɔɣili ŋɔ galisim bemi kamani mita pihiwɔi. Ofin nyɛla din mali ko'zori so bɔbugu ka di ʒiliŋ be kamani 12–15 metres.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Ofin mini Pra mɔɣili nyɛla din kana n-ti naai taba Ghana's [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]] mini [[Central Region|Central region]] sunsuun. Dunkwa-on-Offin nyɛla tiŋ shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ ni be.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Salima nyɛla bɛ ni gbiri shɛli mɔɣili ŋɔ shee.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Zahim shɛŋa din tooi be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', "catfish" balli shɛli .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Berekese mɔɣili nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili. == Tributaries == * [[Gyimi River]] ==Lihimi m pahi == *[[Geology of Ghana]] ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 6zfuq1y94zonxn55pkv4eae7jl50gdy 0 33143 137720 2026-05-28T20:29:09Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Dam in Ashanti, Ghana}} {{Infobox dam | name = Barekese Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|6|50|6.33|N|1|43|18.53|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Barekese, [[Kumasi]], [[Ashanti Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |title=(BAREKESE) ATWIMA NWABIAGYA: Barekese Dam expansion works near completion |publisher=Ghana Districts |accessdate=17 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417173447/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |archivedate=17 April 2015 }}</ref> | status = O | construction_began = 1965 | opening = 1969 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water and Sewerage Company]] | dam_type = Embankment and gravity composite | dam_crosses = [[Ofin River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= {{Convert|21.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = {{Convert|18.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_length = {{Convert|603|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = {{Convert|223.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|35300000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|909|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|6.4|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_max_length = {{Convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The African Dams Database - References and Notes |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |publisher=UN FAO - Aquastat |accessdate=17 April 2015 |page=8 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418060251/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2015 }}</ref> | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{Convert|220.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashanti Region Dams|url=http://www.ghanahydrodata.com/press.php?download_file=DAM-FF-ASR661.pdf|publisher=Ghana Hydro Data|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref> | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 400 kW<ref>{{cite web|title=Hydro Power Development in Ghana|url=http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/52380_Mr._Kennedy_Amankwa.pdf|publisher=Energy Commission, Ghana|accessdate=17 April 2015|page=12}}</ref> | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Barekese Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Ofin River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ kpaŋsibu zaŋ n-ti [[Kumasi]] din be [[Ashanti Region]], Ghana, ka di nyɛ din tiri kom kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii Kumasi mini tiŋ'shɛŋa zaa din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=202481|title=Government gets funding for expansion of Barekese Dam|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kessbenfm.com/barekese-dam-under-threat-from-encroachers/|title=Barekese Dam under threat from encroachers - Kessben FM|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref> Ban su di fukumsi nyɛ [[Ghana Water Company]]. ==History== Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Ghana]] tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulan, Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ni daa gbi shɛli.Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli gbibi yuuni 1965 ka daa naai li Silimiin goli June yuuni 1969 ka daa mali nia ni di tiri ninvuɣ shɛba ban be [[Kumasi]]<nowiki/>kom mini niɣilim buɣim.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Revive Nkrumah's Barekese Power Project -|url = http://www.spyghana.com/revive-nkrumahs-barekese-power-project/|accessdate = 2015-04-17|first = Ghana|last = -SpyGhana.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Chainsaw operations rife at Barekese - Graphic OnlineGraphic.com.gh|url = http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/7919-chainsaw-operations-rife-at-barekese.html|location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper= [[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|accessdate = 2015-04-17}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Portal|Africa|Water|Renewable energy}}}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Dams completed in 1969]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Ghana]] [[Category:Ashanti Region]] {{Africa-dam-stub}} {{Ghana-struct-stub}} 05vvd3eg3tppday6dob1ku4qkp0ik3d 137721 137720 2026-05-28T20:30:00Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Dam in Ashanti, Ghana}} {{Infobox dam | name = Barekese Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|6|50|6.33|N|1|43|18.53|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Barekese, [[Kumasi]], [[Ashanti Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |title=(BAREKESE) ATWIMA NWABIAGYA: Barekese Dam expansion works near completion |publisher=Ghana Districts |accessdate=17 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417173447/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |archivedate=17 April 2015 }}</ref> | status = O | construction_began = 1965 | opening = 1969 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water and Sewerage Company]] | dam_type = Embankment and gravity composite | dam_crosses = [[Ofin River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= {{Convert|21.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = {{Convert|18.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_length = {{Convert|603|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = {{Convert|223.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|35300000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|909|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|6.4|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_max_length = {{Convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The African Dams Database - References and Notes |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |publisher=UN FAO - Aquastat |accessdate=17 April 2015 |page=8 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418060251/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2015 }}</ref> | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{Convert|220.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashanti Region Dams|url=http://www.ghanahydrodata.com/press.php?download_file=DAM-FF-ASR661.pdf|publisher=Ghana Hydro Data|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref> | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 400 kW<ref>{{cite web|title=Hydro Power Development in Ghana|url=http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/52380_Mr._Kennedy_Amankwa.pdf|publisher=Energy Commission, Ghana|accessdate=17 April 2015|page=12}}</ref> | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Barekese Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Ofin River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ kpaŋsibu zaŋ n-ti [[Kumasi]] din be [[Ashanti Region]], Ghana, ka di nyɛ din tiri kom kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii Kumasi mini tiŋ'shɛŋa zaa din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=202481|title=Government gets funding for expansion of Barekese Dam|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kessbenfm.com/barekese-dam-under-threat-from-encroachers/|title=Barekese Dam under threat from encroachers - Kessben FM|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref> Ban su di fukumsi nyɛ [[Ghana Water Company]]. ==Taarihi == Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Ghana]] tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulan, Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ni daa gbi shɛli.Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli gbibi yuuni 1965 ka daa naai li Silimiin goli June yuuni 1969 ka daa mali nia ni di tiri ninvuɣ shɛba ban be [[Kumasi]]<nowiki/>kom mini niɣilim buɣim.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Revive Nkrumah's Barekese Power Project -|url = http://www.spyghana.com/revive-nkrumahs-barekese-power-project/|accessdate = 2015-04-17|first = Ghana|last = -SpyGhana.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Chainsaw operations rife at Barekese - Graphic OnlineGraphic.com.gh|url = http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/7919-chainsaw-operations-rife-at-barekese.html|location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper= [[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|accessdate = 2015-04-17}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Portal|Africa|Water|Renewable energy}}}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Dams completed in 1969]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Ghana]] [[Category:Ashanti Region]] {{Africa-dam-stub}} {{Ghana-struct-stub}} hy53gu54c7e6lktmq4i47bfu956kn7i 137722 137721 2026-05-28T20:30:29Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Dam in Ashanti, Ghana}} {{Infobox dam | name = Barekese Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|6|50|6.33|N|1|43|18.53|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Barekese, [[Kumasi]], [[Ashanti Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |title=(BAREKESE) ATWIMA NWABIAGYA: Barekese Dam expansion works near completion |publisher=Ghana Districts |accessdate=17 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417173447/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |archivedate=17 April 2015 }}</ref> | status = O | construction_began = 1965 | opening = 1969 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water and Sewerage Company]] | dam_type = Embankment and gravity composite | dam_crosses = [[Ofin River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= {{Convert|21.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = {{Convert|18.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_length = {{Convert|603|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = {{Convert|223.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|35300000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|909|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|6.4|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_max_length = {{Convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The African Dams Database - References and Notes |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |publisher=UN FAO - Aquastat |accessdate=17 April 2015 |page=8 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418060251/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2015 }}</ref> | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{Convert|220.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashanti Region Dams|url=http://www.ghanahydrodata.com/press.php?download_file=DAM-FF-ASR661.pdf|publisher=Ghana Hydro Data|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref> | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 400 kW<ref>{{cite web|title=Hydro Power Development in Ghana|url=http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/52380_Mr._Kennedy_Amankwa.pdf|publisher=Energy Commission, Ghana|accessdate=17 April 2015|page=12}}</ref> | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Barekese Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Ofin River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ kpaŋsibu zaŋ n-ti [[Kumasi]] din be [[Ashanti Region]], Ghana, ka di nyɛ din tiri kom kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii Kumasi mini tiŋ'shɛŋa zaa din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=202481|title=Government gets funding for expansion of Barekese Dam|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kessbenfm.com/barekese-dam-under-threat-from-encroachers/|title=Barekese Dam under threat from encroachers - Kessben FM|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref> Ban su di fukumsi nyɛ [[Ghana Water Company]]. ==Taarihi == Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Ghana]] tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulan, Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ni daa gbi shɛli.Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli gbibi yuuni 1965 ka daa naai li Silimiin goli June yuuni 1969 ka daa mali nia ni di tiri ninvuɣ shɛba ban be [[Kumasi]]<nowiki/>kom mini niɣilim buɣim.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Revive Nkrumah's Barekese Power Project -|url = http://www.spyghana.com/revive-nkrumahs-barekese-power-project/|accessdate = 2015-04-17|first = Ghana|last = -SpyGhana.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Chainsaw operations rife at Barekese - Graphic OnlineGraphic.com.gh|url = http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/7919-chainsaw-operations-rife-at-barekese.html|location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper= [[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|accessdate = 2015-04-17}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Portal|Africa|Water|Renewable energy}}}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Dams completed in 1969]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Ghana]] [[Category:Ashanti Region]] {{Africa-dam-stub}} {{Ghana-struct-stub}} efkqdflsccpulq9uyzsxwowd9xd5yl4 137723 137722 2026-05-28T20:32:09Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Short description|Dam in Ashanti, Ghana}} {{Infobox dam | name = Barekese Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|6|50|6.33|N|1|43|18.53|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Barekese, [[Kumasi]], [[Ashanti Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |title=(BAREKESE) ATWIMA NWABIAGYA: Barekese Dam expansion works near completion |publisher=Ghana Districts |accessdate=17 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417173447/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=31658 |archivedate=17 April 2015 }}</ref> | status = O | construction_began = 1965 | opening = 1969 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water and Sewerage Company]] | dam_type = Embankment and gravity composite | dam_crosses = [[Ofin River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= {{Convert|21.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = {{Convert|18.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_length = {{Convert|603|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = {{Convert|223.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|35300000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|909|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|6.4|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | res_max_length = {{Convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The African Dams Database - References and Notes |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |publisher=UN FAO - Aquastat |accessdate=17 April 2015 |page=8 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418060251/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/NotesRef060405.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2015 }}</ref> | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{Convert|220.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashanti Region Dams|url=http://www.ghanahydrodata.com/press.php?download_file=DAM-FF-ASR661.pdf|publisher=Ghana Hydro Data|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref> | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 400 kW<ref>{{cite web|title=Hydro Power Development in Ghana|url=http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/52380_Mr._Kennedy_Amankwa.pdf|publisher=Energy Commission, Ghana|accessdate=17 April 2015|page=12}}</ref> | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Barekese Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Ofin River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ kpaŋsibu zaŋ n-ti [[Kumasi]] din be [[Ashanti Region]], Ghana, ka di nyɛ din tiri kom kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii Kumasi mini tiŋ'shɛŋa zaa din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=202481|title=Government gets funding for expansion of Barekese Dam|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kessbenfm.com/barekese-dam-under-threat-from-encroachers/|title=Barekese Dam under threat from encroachers - Kessben FM|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref> Ban su di fukumsi nyɛ [[Ghana Water Company]]. ==Taarihi == Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli [[Ghana]] tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulan, Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ni daa gbi shɛli.Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli gbibi yuuni 1965 ka daa naai li Silimiin goli June yuuni 1969 ka daa mali nia ni di tiri ninvuɣ shɛba ban be [[Kumasi]]<nowiki/>kom mini niɣilim buɣim.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Revive Nkrumah's Barekese Power Project -|url = http://www.spyghana.com/revive-nkrumahs-barekese-power-project/|accessdate = 2015-04-17|first = Ghana|last = -SpyGhana.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Chainsaw operations rife at Barekese - Graphic OnlineGraphic.com.gh|url = http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/7919-chainsaw-operations-rife-at-barekese.html|location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper= [[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|accessdate = 2015-04-17}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Portal|Africa|Water|Renewable energy}}}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Dams completed in 1969]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Ghana]] [[Category:Ashanti Region]] {{Africa-dam-stub}} {{Ghana-struct-stub}} d1gxypwoy3r9jgs73b8n93x19oy008v 0 33144 137724 2026-05-28T20:36:52Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water utility company}} '''Ghana Water Limited (GWL)''' (shɛba ni tooi mi shɛli '''Ghana Water Company Limited''' ka sokam daa na mi li '''Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited)''' nyɛla din be tiŋgbani gomnanti nuu ni. Di nyɛla din su kom niŋbu mini di salo paabu fukumsi Ghana tiŋgbani. Bin din gbaai Silimiin goli June yuuni 2024, GWL nyɛla din daa tooi mali pihinii ni anahi kom tibu yaɣa, di ni nyɛ kom di be zuɣusaa pihiyobu ni yini n-ti pahi kom din be tiŋgbani pishi ni ata ka salo ban kalinli yiɣisi miliyɔŋ pinaanahi nyɛ ban diri di anfaani tiŋgbani maa ni. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din mali "regional" ɔfisinima pinaanu n-ti pahi 103 district offices. GWL nyɛla din niŋdi kom kamani 950,995 m³ dabisili puuni (ka di zani 209 million gallons dabisili puuni ), dabisili puuni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din to ni di nya kom kamani 1,129,361 m³ (ka di zani kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi ni anii dabisili puuni). Fanna ni nima nyɛla ban nyari kom kamani 84.2% ka di zani n-ti salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 1,008,301. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din kpuɣi tuntumdiba ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 5,755.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==History== Pɔi ni maŋsulinsi, salo nyɛla ban daa nyari kom nyuri mɔɣa ni. Tuuli mɔɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ viɛnyɛla ka di tiri salo ko'viɛlli nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gold coast ka ban daa gbi li ŋɔ nyɛ gbaŋpiɛlla pɔi ni [[World War I|world war I]]. Yuuni 1920s, ko'viɛlli niŋ n-ti salo nyɛla din daa pahi kpɛ tiŋsi kamani, Winneba, Kumasi n-ti pahi Cape Coast. Ghana Water Limited nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli July dahin yini dali yuuni 1999 din daa niŋ ka bɛ taɣi Ghana Water and Sewerage corporation yuli la act 461 zaŋ n-ti yuuni 1993 ka bɛ daa labi lihi li LI 1648.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Water Company Limited – State Interests and Governance Authority |url=https://siga.gov.gh/entity/ghana-water-company-limited/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Departments == * Technology and Innovation * Water Quality Assurance/Water Resources * Commercial * Human Resource and Administrative Service * Cooperate Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation * Project Planning and Development * Special Duties * Finance and Accounting * Lands and Estates * Legal Services * Materials * Public Relations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/departments/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Headworks == * Dalun Headworks * Barekese Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=A/R: GWL announces temporary shutdown of Barekese Water Treatment Plant |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1418394/ar-gwl-announces-temporary-shutdown-of-barekese.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Weija Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Headworks to be shut down today for repairs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103074630/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kpong Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |last=AG |first=ANDRITZ |title=Ghana, Kpong - Meeting sustainable energy needs |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn34/kpong-ghana |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.andritz.com |language=en}}</ref> * Keseve Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA Production – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/atma-production/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winneba Headworks * Breman Asikuma Headworks * Essakyir Headworks * Brimsu Headworks * Baifikrom Headworks * Sekyere Hemang Headworks * Kwanyaku Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/central/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Regions and Districts == * Accra West (Kasoa District, Nyanyarno District, Bortianor District, Weija District, Darkuman/Gbawe, Mamprobi District, Dansoman North District, Dansoman South District, Odorkor District, Kaneshie District, Sowutuom District, Amasaman District) * Accra East * Ashanti South * Ashanti North * Ashanti Production * ATMA Production * Central * Eastern * Northern * Tema (Tema Industrial District, Tema West District, Tema Central District, Gbetsile, Ashaiman East District, Prampram District, Ada District, Kpong Akuse District, Ashaiman West District, Sakumono/Baatsonaa District) * Upper East * Upper West * Volta * Western * Brong Ahafo ==References== <references /> [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] miw4lhrkmwevni24zmsnlvtwqkmfq0c 137725 137724 2026-05-28T20:37:31Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* History */ Updated Content 137725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water utility company}} '''Ghana Water Limited (GWL)''' (shɛba ni tooi mi shɛli '''Ghana Water Company Limited''' ka sokam daa na mi li '''Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited)''' nyɛla din be tiŋgbani gomnanti nuu ni. Di nyɛla din su kom niŋbu mini di salo paabu fukumsi Ghana tiŋgbani. Bin din gbaai Silimiin goli June yuuni 2024, GWL nyɛla din daa tooi mali pihinii ni anahi kom tibu yaɣa, di ni nyɛ kom di be zuɣusaa pihiyobu ni yini n-ti pahi kom din be tiŋgbani pishi ni ata ka salo ban kalinli yiɣisi miliyɔŋ pinaanahi nyɛ ban diri di anfaani tiŋgbani maa ni. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din mali "regional" ɔfisinima pinaanu n-ti pahi 103 district offices. GWL nyɛla din niŋdi kom kamani 950,995 m³ dabisili puuni (ka di zani 209 million gallons dabisili puuni ), dabisili puuni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din to ni di nya kom kamani 1,129,361 m³ (ka di zani kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi ni anii dabisili puuni). Fanna ni nima nyɛla ban nyari kom kamani 84.2% ka di zani n-ti salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 1,008,301. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din kpuɣi tuntumdiba ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 5,755.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Taarihi== Pɔi ni maŋsulinsi, salo nyɛla ban daa nyari kom nyuri mɔɣa ni. Tuuli mɔɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ viɛnyɛla ka di tiri salo ko'viɛlli nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gold coast ka ban daa gbi li ŋɔ nyɛ gbaŋpiɛlla pɔi ni [[World War I|world war I]]. Yuuni 1920s, ko'viɛlli niŋ n-ti salo nyɛla din daa pahi kpɛ tiŋsi kamani, Winneba, Kumasi n-ti pahi Cape Coast. Ghana Water Limited nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli July dahin yini dali yuuni 1999 din daa niŋ ka bɛ taɣi Ghana Water and Sewerage corporation yuli la act 461 zaŋ n-ti yuuni 1993 ka bɛ daa labi lihi li LI 1648.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Water Company Limited – State Interests and Governance Authority |url=https://siga.gov.gh/entity/ghana-water-company-limited/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Departments == * Technology and Innovation * Water Quality Assurance/Water Resources * Commercial * Human Resource and Administrative Service * Cooperate Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation * Project Planning and Development * Special Duties * Finance and Accounting * Lands and Estates * Legal Services * Materials * Public Relations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/departments/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Headworks == * Dalun Headworks * Barekese Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=A/R: GWL announces temporary shutdown of Barekese Water Treatment Plant |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1418394/ar-gwl-announces-temporary-shutdown-of-barekese.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Weija Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Headworks to be shut down today for repairs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103074630/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kpong Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |last=AG |first=ANDRITZ |title=Ghana, Kpong - Meeting sustainable energy needs |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn34/kpong-ghana |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.andritz.com |language=en}}</ref> * Keseve Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA Production – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/atma-production/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winneba Headworks * Breman Asikuma Headworks * Essakyir Headworks * Brimsu Headworks * Baifikrom Headworks * Sekyere Hemang Headworks * Kwanyaku Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/central/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Regions and Districts == * Accra West (Kasoa District, Nyanyarno District, Bortianor District, Weija District, Darkuman/Gbawe, Mamprobi District, Dansoman North District, Dansoman South District, Odorkor District, Kaneshie District, Sowutuom District, Amasaman District) * Accra East * Ashanti South * Ashanti North * Ashanti Production * ATMA Production * Central * Eastern * Northern * Tema (Tema Industrial District, Tema West District, Tema Central District, Gbetsile, Ashaiman East District, Prampram District, Ada District, Kpong Akuse District, Ashaiman West District, Sakumono/Baatsonaa District) * Upper East * Upper West * Volta * Western * Brong Ahafo ==References== <references /> [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] h3rv8hy2z6jcbfimvf2n8yuy3qrhb8u 137726 137725 2026-05-28T20:38:19Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Headworks */ Updated Content 137726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water utility company}} '''Ghana Water Limited (GWL)''' (shɛba ni tooi mi shɛli '''Ghana Water Company Limited''' ka sokam daa na mi li '''Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited)''' nyɛla din be tiŋgbani gomnanti nuu ni. Di nyɛla din su kom niŋbu mini di salo paabu fukumsi Ghana tiŋgbani. Bin din gbaai Silimiin goli June yuuni 2024, GWL nyɛla din daa tooi mali pihinii ni anahi kom tibu yaɣa, di ni nyɛ kom di be zuɣusaa pihiyobu ni yini n-ti pahi kom din be tiŋgbani pishi ni ata ka salo ban kalinli yiɣisi miliyɔŋ pinaanahi nyɛ ban diri di anfaani tiŋgbani maa ni. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din mali "regional" ɔfisinima pinaanu n-ti pahi 103 district offices. GWL nyɛla din niŋdi kom kamani 950,995 m³ dabisili puuni (ka di zani 209 million gallons dabisili puuni ), dabisili puuni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din to ni di nya kom kamani 1,129,361 m³ (ka di zani kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi ni anii dabisili puuni). Fanna ni nima nyɛla ban nyari kom kamani 84.2% ka di zani n-ti salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 1,008,301. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din kpuɣi tuntumdiba ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 5,755.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Taarihi== Pɔi ni maŋsulinsi, salo nyɛla ban daa nyari kom nyuri mɔɣa ni. Tuuli mɔɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ viɛnyɛla ka di tiri salo ko'viɛlli nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gold coast ka ban daa gbi li ŋɔ nyɛ gbaŋpiɛlla pɔi ni [[World War I|world war I]]. Yuuni 1920s, ko'viɛlli niŋ n-ti salo nyɛla din daa pahi kpɛ tiŋsi kamani, Winneba, Kumasi n-ti pahi Cape Coast. Ghana Water Limited nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli July dahin yini dali yuuni 1999 din daa niŋ ka bɛ taɣi Ghana Water and Sewerage corporation yuli la act 461 zaŋ n-ti yuuni 1993 ka bɛ daa labi lihi li LI 1648.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Water Company Limited – State Interests and Governance Authority |url=https://siga.gov.gh/entity/ghana-water-company-limited/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Departments == * Technology and Innovation * Water Quality Assurance/Water Resources * Commercial * Human Resource and Administrative Service * Cooperate Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation * Project Planning and Development * Special Duties * Finance and Accounting * Lands and Estates * Legal Services * Materials * Public Relations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/departments/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuma duzuɣiri == * Dalun Headworks * Barekese Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=A/R: GWL announces temporary shutdown of Barekese Water Treatment Plant |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1418394/ar-gwl-announces-temporary-shutdown-of-barekese.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Weija Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Headworks to be shut down today for repairs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103074630/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kpong Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |last=AG |first=ANDRITZ |title=Ghana, Kpong - Meeting sustainable energy needs |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn34/kpong-ghana |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.andritz.com |language=en}}</ref> * Keseve Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA Production – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/atma-production/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winneba Headworks * Breman Asikuma Headworks * Essakyir Headworks * Brimsu Headworks * Baifikrom Headworks * Sekyere Hemang Headworks * Kwanyaku Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/central/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Regions and Districts == * Accra West (Kasoa District, Nyanyarno District, Bortianor District, Weija District, Darkuman/Gbawe, Mamprobi District, Dansoman North District, Dansoman South District, Odorkor District, Kaneshie District, Sowutuom District, Amasaman District) * Accra East * Ashanti South * Ashanti North * Ashanti Production * ATMA Production * Central * Eastern * Northern * Tema (Tema Industrial District, Tema West District, Tema Central District, Gbetsile, Ashaiman East District, Prampram District, Ada District, Kpong Akuse District, Ashaiman West District, Sakumono/Baatsonaa District) * Upper East * Upper West * Volta * Western * Brong Ahafo ==References== <references /> [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] divood0yuuj6hmmqkzni49fp8iwc0tz 137727 137726 2026-05-28T20:38:58Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water utility company}} '''Ghana Water Limited (GWL)''' (shɛba ni tooi mi shɛli '''Ghana Water Company Limited''' ka sokam daa na mi li '''Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited)''' nyɛla din be tiŋgbani gomnanti nuu ni. Di nyɛla din su kom niŋbu mini di salo paabu fukumsi Ghana tiŋgbani. Bin din gbaai Silimiin goli June yuuni 2024, GWL nyɛla din daa tooi mali pihinii ni anahi kom tibu yaɣa, di ni nyɛ kom di be zuɣusaa pihiyobu ni yini n-ti pahi kom din be tiŋgbani pishi ni ata ka salo ban kalinli yiɣisi miliyɔŋ pinaanahi nyɛ ban diri di anfaani tiŋgbani maa ni. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din mali "regional" ɔfisinima pinaanu n-ti pahi 103 district offices. GWL nyɛla din niŋdi kom kamani 950,995 m³ dabisili puuni (ka di zani 209 million gallons dabisili puuni ), dabisili puuni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din to ni di nya kom kamani 1,129,361 m³ (ka di zani kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi ni anii dabisili puuni). Fanna ni nima nyɛla ban nyari kom kamani 84.2% ka di zani n-ti salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 1,008,301. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din kpuɣi tuntumdiba ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 5,755.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Taarihi== Pɔi ni maŋsulinsi, salo nyɛla ban daa nyari kom nyuri mɔɣa ni. Tuuli mɔɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ viɛnyɛla ka di tiri salo ko'viɛlli nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gold coast ka ban daa gbi li ŋɔ nyɛ gbaŋpiɛlla pɔi ni [[World War I|world war I]]. Yuuni 1920s, ko'viɛlli niŋ n-ti salo nyɛla din daa pahi kpɛ tiŋsi kamani, Winneba, Kumasi n-ti pahi Cape Coast. Ghana Water Limited nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli July dahin yini dali yuuni 1999 din daa niŋ ka bɛ taɣi Ghana Water and Sewerage corporation yuli la act 461 zaŋ n-ti yuuni 1993 ka bɛ daa labi lihi li LI 1648.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Water Company Limited – State Interests and Governance Authority |url=https://siga.gov.gh/entity/ghana-water-company-limited/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Departments == * Technology and Innovation * Water Quality Assurance/Water Resources * Commercial * Human Resource and Administrative Service * Cooperate Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation * Project Planning and Development * Special Duties * Finance and Accounting * Lands and Estates * Legal Services * Materials * Public Relations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/departments/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuma duzuɣiri == * Dalun Headworks * Barekese Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=A/R: GWL announces temporary shutdown of Barekese Water Treatment Plant |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1418394/ar-gwl-announces-temporary-shutdown-of-barekese.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Weija Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Headworks to be shut down today for repairs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103074630/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kpong Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |last=AG |first=ANDRITZ |title=Ghana, Kpong - Meeting sustainable energy needs |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn34/kpong-ghana |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.andritz.com |language=en}}</ref> * Keseve Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA Production – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/atma-production/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winneba Headworks * Breman Asikuma Headworks * Essakyir Headworks * Brimsu Headworks * Baifikrom Headworks * Sekyere Hemang Headworks * Kwanyaku Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/central/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Regions and Districts == * Accra West (Kasoa District, Nyanyarno District, Bortianor District, Weija District, Darkuman/Gbawe, Mamprobi District, Dansoman North District, Dansoman South District, Odorkor District, Kaneshie District, Sowutuom District, Amasaman District) * Accra East * Ashanti South * Ashanti North * Ashanti Production * ATMA Production * Central * Eastern * Northern * Tema (Tema Industrial District, Tema West District, Tema Central District, Gbetsile, Ashaiman East District, Prampram District, Ada District, Kpong Akuse District, Ashaiman West District, Sakumono/Baatsonaa District) * Upper East * Upper West * Volta * Western * Brong Ahafo ==Kundivihira == <references /> [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] b40fin0qnscdqtqlumkfp2e2gf0gmsb 137728 137727 2026-05-28T20:39:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water utility company din be Ghana}} '''Ghana Water Limited (GWL)''' (shɛba ni tooi mi shɛli '''Ghana Water Company Limited''' ka sokam daa na mi li '''Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited)''' nyɛla din be tiŋgbani gomnanti nuu ni. Di nyɛla din su kom niŋbu mini di salo paabu fukumsi Ghana tiŋgbani. Bin din gbaai Silimiin goli June yuuni 2024, GWL nyɛla din daa tooi mali pihinii ni anahi kom tibu yaɣa, di ni nyɛ kom di be zuɣusaa pihiyobu ni yini n-ti pahi kom din be tiŋgbani pishi ni ata ka salo ban kalinli yiɣisi miliyɔŋ pinaanahi nyɛ ban diri di anfaani tiŋgbani maa ni. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din mali "regional" ɔfisinima pinaanu n-ti pahi 103 district offices. GWL nyɛla din niŋdi kom kamani 950,995 m³ dabisili puuni (ka di zani 209 million gallons dabisili puuni ), dabisili puuni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din to ni di nya kom kamani 1,129,361 m³ (ka di zani kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi ni anii dabisili puuni). Fanna ni nima nyɛla ban nyari kom kamani 84.2% ka di zani n-ti salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 1,008,301. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din kpuɣi tuntumdiba ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 5,755.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Taarihi== Pɔi ni maŋsulinsi, salo nyɛla ban daa nyari kom nyuri mɔɣa ni. Tuuli mɔɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ viɛnyɛla ka di tiri salo ko'viɛlli nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gold coast ka ban daa gbi li ŋɔ nyɛ gbaŋpiɛlla pɔi ni [[World War I|world war I]]. Yuuni 1920s, ko'viɛlli niŋ n-ti salo nyɛla din daa pahi kpɛ tiŋsi kamani, Winneba, Kumasi n-ti pahi Cape Coast. Ghana Water Limited nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli July dahin yini dali yuuni 1999 din daa niŋ ka bɛ taɣi Ghana Water and Sewerage corporation yuli la act 461 zaŋ n-ti yuuni 1993 ka bɛ daa labi lihi li LI 1648.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Water Company Limited – State Interests and Governance Authority |url=https://siga.gov.gh/entity/ghana-water-company-limited/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Departments == * Technology and Innovation * Water Quality Assurance/Water Resources * Commercial * Human Resource and Administrative Service * Cooperate Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation * Project Planning and Development * Special Duties * Finance and Accounting * Lands and Estates * Legal Services * Materials * Public Relations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/departments/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuma duzuɣiri == * Dalun Headworks * Barekese Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=A/R: GWL announces temporary shutdown of Barekese Water Treatment Plant |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1418394/ar-gwl-announces-temporary-shutdown-of-barekese.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Weija Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Headworks to be shut down today for repairs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103074630/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kpong Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |last=AG |first=ANDRITZ |title=Ghana, Kpong - Meeting sustainable energy needs |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn34/kpong-ghana |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.andritz.com |language=en}}</ref> * Keseve Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA Production – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/atma-production/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winneba Headworks * Breman Asikuma Headworks * Essakyir Headworks * Brimsu Headworks * Baifikrom Headworks * Sekyere Hemang Headworks * Kwanyaku Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/central/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Regions and Districts == * Accra West (Kasoa District, Nyanyarno District, Bortianor District, Weija District, Darkuman/Gbawe, Mamprobi District, Dansoman North District, Dansoman South District, Odorkor District, Kaneshie District, Sowutuom District, Amasaman District) * Accra East * Ashanti South * Ashanti North * Ashanti Production * ATMA Production * Central * Eastern * Northern * Tema (Tema Industrial District, Tema West District, Tema Central District, Gbetsile, Ashaiman East District, Prampram District, Ada District, Kpong Akuse District, Ashaiman West District, Sakumono/Baatsonaa District) * Upper East * Upper West * Volta * Western * Brong Ahafo ==Kundivihira == <references /> [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] rinc1l35uey6xod7rkjfv1y0pev779m 137729 137728 2026-05-28T20:40:54Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water utility company din be Ghana}} {{Databox}} '''Ghana Water Limited (GWL)''' (shɛba ni tooi mi shɛli '''Ghana Water Company Limited''' ka sokam daa na mi li '''Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited)''' nyɛla din be tiŋgbani gomnanti nuu ni. Di nyɛla din su kom niŋbu mini di salo paabu fukumsi Ghana tiŋgbani. Bin din gbaai Silimiin goli June yuuni 2024, GWL nyɛla din daa tooi mali pihinii ni anahi kom tibu yaɣa, di ni nyɛ kom di be zuɣusaa pihiyobu ni yini n-ti pahi kom din be tiŋgbani pishi ni ata ka salo ban kalinli yiɣisi miliyɔŋ pinaanahi nyɛ ban diri di anfaani tiŋgbani maa ni. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din mali "regional" ɔfisinima pinaanu n-ti pahi 103 district offices. GWL nyɛla din niŋdi kom kamani 950,995 m³ dabisili puuni (ka di zani 209 million gallons dabisili puuni ), dabisili puuni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din to ni di nya kom kamani 1,129,361 m³ (ka di zani kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi ni anii dabisili puuni). Fanna ni nima nyɛla ban nyari kom kamani 84.2% ka di zani n-ti salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 1,008,301. Kompani ŋɔ nyɛla din kpuɣi tuntumdiba ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 5,755.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Taarihi== Pɔi ni maŋsulinsi, salo nyɛla ban daa nyari kom nyuri mɔɣa ni. Tuuli mɔɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ viɛnyɛla ka di tiri salo ko'viɛlli nyɛla bɛ ni daa gbi shɛli gold coast ka ban daa gbi li ŋɔ nyɛ gbaŋpiɛlla pɔi ni [[World War I|world war I]]. Yuuni 1920s, ko'viɛlli niŋ n-ti salo nyɛla din daa pahi kpɛ tiŋsi kamani, Winneba, Kumasi n-ti pahi Cape Coast. Ghana Water Limited nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli July dahin yini dali yuuni 1999 din daa niŋ ka bɛ taɣi Ghana Water and Sewerage corporation yuli la act 461 zaŋ n-ti yuuni 1993 ka bɛ daa labi lihi li LI 1648.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Water Company Limited – State Interests and Governance Authority |url=https://siga.gov.gh/entity/ghana-water-company-limited/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/company-profile/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Departments == * Technology and Innovation * Water Quality Assurance/Water Resources * Commercial * Human Resource and Administrative Service * Cooperate Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation * Project Planning and Development * Special Duties * Finance and Accounting * Lands and Estates * Legal Services * Materials * Public Relations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/departments/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuma duzuɣiri == * Dalun Headworks * Barekese Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=A/R: GWL announces temporary shutdown of Barekese Water Treatment Plant |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1418394/ar-gwl-announces-temporary-shutdown-of-barekese.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Weija Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Headworks to be shut down today for repairs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103074630/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Weija-Headworks-to-be-shut-down-today-for-repairs-987712?gallery=1 |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kpong Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |last=AG |first=ANDRITZ |title=Ghana, Kpong - Meeting sustainable energy needs |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn34/kpong-ghana |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.andritz.com |language=en}}</ref> * Keseve Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA Production – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/atma-production/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winneba Headworks * Breman Asikuma Headworks * Essakyir Headworks * Brimsu Headworks * Baifikrom Headworks * Sekyere Hemang Headworks * Kwanyaku Headworks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central – GWL – Welcome |url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/central/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Regions and Districts == * Accra West (Kasoa District, Nyanyarno District, Bortianor District, Weija District, Darkuman/Gbawe, Mamprobi District, Dansoman North District, Dansoman South District, Odorkor District, Kaneshie District, Sowutuom District, Amasaman District) * Accra East * Ashanti South * Ashanti North * Ashanti Production * ATMA Production * Central * Eastern * Northern * Tema (Tema Industrial District, Tema West District, Tema Central District, Gbetsile, Ashaiman East District, Prampram District, Ada District, Kpong Akuse District, Ashaiman West District, Sakumono/Baatsonaa District) * Upper East * Upper West * Volta * Western * Brong Ahafo ==Kundivihira == <references /> [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] g4r5wicswj40xpm3p943ixz9mcwsb63 0 33145 137730 2026-05-28T22:30:44Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Gyimi River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Jimi River | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) and Gyimi River | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ofin River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|58|49.9|N|1|46|27.5|W|region:GH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 102 meters | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gyimi river'''<ref name="gn2300089">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2300089|name=gyimi%20river}} Gyimi] in {{Geonamesabout}}</ref> shɛba booni li la '''Jimi River'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |title=Jimiso |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030139/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din be Naimakrom tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/16945856 Gyimi] Mapcarta.</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Ofin River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]. Bachi ''gyimi'' nyɛla din be Kanbonsili balli ni zaŋ n-ti Kanbonsi <ref>David A. Donkor [https://www.proquest.com/openview/0f6d0f910dbd903ae32754ae97d774af/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=17435 Selling the President: Stand-Up Comedy and the Politricks of Indirection in Ghana] Theatre Survey - The Journal of the American Society for Theatre Research. Cambridge, England Vol. 54, Iss. 2, May 2013 pages 255-281. {{ISSN|0040-5574}} </ref> ka nyɛ niri ni tooi lɛbigi shɛli binshɛli din bi niŋ dɛdɛ.<ref>Lily Kpobi, Leslie Swartz [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jar.12500 Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability] [[Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities]] Volume 32, Issue 1 January 2019 Pages 43-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12500 {{ISSN|1360-2322}}</ref> == Water pollution == Gyimi (Jimi) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi shɛli ni pirinla salima gbibu zuɣu.<ref>Akabzaa, T.M., Banoeng-Yakubu, B., & Seyire, J.S. ''Heavy metal contamination in some mining communities within the Jimi River basin in Ashanti Region, Ghana.'' Journal of Ghana Science Association, 7(1), 36-45, 2005. </ref><ref>[https://zh.mindat.org/feature-2300089.html Gyimi, Ashanti Region, Ghana] [[Mindat.org]]</ref> == See also == *[[Obuasi Gold Mine]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} syz5vyv3zcbussduyksfd7wlzy6mcss 137731 137730 2026-05-28T22:31:20Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Gyimi River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Jimi River | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) and Gyimi River | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ofin River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|58|49.9|N|1|46|27.5|W|region:GH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 102 meters | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gyimi river'''<ref name="gn2300089">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2300089|name=gyimi%20river}} Gyimi] in {{Geonamesabout}}</ref> shɛba booni li la '''Jimi River'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |title=Jimiso |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030139/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din be Naimakrom tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/16945856 Gyimi] Mapcarta.</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Ofin River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]. Bachi ''gyimi'' nyɛla din be Kanbonsili balli ni zaŋ n-ti Kanbonsi <ref>David A. Donkor [https://www.proquest.com/openview/0f6d0f910dbd903ae32754ae97d774af/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=17435 Selling the President: Stand-Up Comedy and the Politricks of Indirection in Ghana] Theatre Survey - The Journal of the American Society for Theatre Research. Cambridge, England Vol. 54, Iss. 2, May 2013 pages 255-281. {{ISSN|0040-5574}} </ref> ka nyɛ niri ni tooi lɛbigi shɛli binshɛli din bi niŋ dɛdɛ.<ref>Lily Kpobi, Leslie Swartz [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jar.12500 Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability] [[Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities]] Volume 32, Issue 1 January 2019 Pages 43-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12500 {{ISSN|1360-2322}}</ref> == Kom Gabisibu == Gyimi (Jimi) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi shɛli ni pirinla salima gbibu zuɣu.<ref>Akabzaa, T.M., Banoeng-Yakubu, B., & Seyire, J.S. ''Heavy metal contamination in some mining communities within the Jimi River basin in Ashanti Region, Ghana.'' Journal of Ghana Science Association, 7(1), 36-45, 2005. </ref><ref>[https://zh.mindat.org/feature-2300089.html Gyimi, Ashanti Region, Ghana] [[Mindat.org]]</ref> == See also == *[[Obuasi Gold Mine]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} hfqe1fiwohtqqlfdehpeevq323wtb2k 137732 137731 2026-05-28T22:31:47Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* See also */ Updated Content 137732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Gyimi River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Jimi River | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) and Gyimi River | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ofin River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|58|49.9|N|1|46|27.5|W|region:GH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 102 meters | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gyimi river'''<ref name="gn2300089">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2300089|name=gyimi%20river}} Gyimi] in {{Geonamesabout}}</ref> shɛba booni li la '''Jimi River'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |title=Jimiso |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030139/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din be Naimakrom tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/16945856 Gyimi] Mapcarta.</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Ofin River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]. Bachi ''gyimi'' nyɛla din be Kanbonsili balli ni zaŋ n-ti Kanbonsi <ref>David A. Donkor [https://www.proquest.com/openview/0f6d0f910dbd903ae32754ae97d774af/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=17435 Selling the President: Stand-Up Comedy and the Politricks of Indirection in Ghana] Theatre Survey - The Journal of the American Society for Theatre Research. Cambridge, England Vol. 54, Iss. 2, May 2013 pages 255-281. {{ISSN|0040-5574}} </ref> ka nyɛ niri ni tooi lɛbigi shɛli binshɛli din bi niŋ dɛdɛ.<ref>Lily Kpobi, Leslie Swartz [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jar.12500 Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability] [[Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities]] Volume 32, Issue 1 January 2019 Pages 43-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12500 {{ISSN|1360-2322}}</ref> == Kom Gabisibu == Gyimi (Jimi) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi shɛli ni pirinla salima gbibu zuɣu.<ref>Akabzaa, T.M., Banoeng-Yakubu, B., & Seyire, J.S. ''Heavy metal contamination in some mining communities within the Jimi River basin in Ashanti Region, Ghana.'' Journal of Ghana Science Association, 7(1), 36-45, 2005. </ref><ref>[https://zh.mindat.org/feature-2300089.html Gyimi, Ashanti Region, Ghana] [[Mindat.org]]</ref> == Lihimi m pahi == *[[Obuasi Gold Mine]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} dj7qhb5sl7wlbxdc9ze2klwr514beac 137733 137732 2026-05-28T22:32:13Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Gyimi River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Jimi River | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) and Gyimi River | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ofin River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|58|49.9|N|1|46|27.5|W|region:GH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 102 meters | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gyimi river'''<ref name="gn2300089">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2300089|name=gyimi%20river}} Gyimi] in {{Geonamesabout}}</ref> shɛba booni li la '''Jimi River'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |title=Jimiso |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030139/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din be Naimakrom tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/16945856 Gyimi] Mapcarta.</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Ofin River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]. Bachi ''gyimi'' nyɛla din be Kanbonsili balli ni zaŋ n-ti Kanbonsi <ref>David A. Donkor [https://www.proquest.com/openview/0f6d0f910dbd903ae32754ae97d774af/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=17435 Selling the President: Stand-Up Comedy and the Politricks of Indirection in Ghana] Theatre Survey - The Journal of the American Society for Theatre Research. Cambridge, England Vol. 54, Iss. 2, May 2013 pages 255-281. {{ISSN|0040-5574}} </ref> ka nyɛ niri ni tooi lɛbigi shɛli binshɛli din bi niŋ dɛdɛ.<ref>Lily Kpobi, Leslie Swartz [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jar.12500 Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability] [[Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities]] Volume 32, Issue 1 January 2019 Pages 43-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12500 {{ISSN|1360-2322}}</ref> == Kom Gabisibu == Gyimi (Jimi) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi shɛli ni pirinla salima gbibu zuɣu.<ref>Akabzaa, T.M., Banoeng-Yakubu, B., & Seyire, J.S. ''Heavy metal contamination in some mining communities within the Jimi River basin in Ashanti Region, Ghana.'' Journal of Ghana Science Association, 7(1), 36-45, 2005. </ref><ref>[https://zh.mindat.org/feature-2300089.html Gyimi, Ashanti Region, Ghana] [[Mindat.org]]</ref> == Lihimi m pahi == *[[Obuasi Gold Mine]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] aq47g1mzwmmvk1qtvch1csesh7fm9fz 137734 137733 2026-05-28T22:32:38Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Gyimi River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Jimi River | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) and Gyimi River | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ofin River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|58|49.9|N|1|46|27.5|W|region:GH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 102 meters | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gyimi river'''<ref name="gn2300089">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2300089|name=gyimi%20river}} Gyimi] in {{Geonamesabout}}</ref> shɛba booni li la '''Jimi River'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |title=Jimiso |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030139/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din be Naimakrom tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/16945856 Gyimi] Mapcarta.</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Ofin River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]. Bachi ''gyimi'' nyɛla din be Kanbonsili balli ni zaŋ n-ti Kanbonsi <ref>David A. Donkor [https://www.proquest.com/openview/0f6d0f910dbd903ae32754ae97d774af/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=17435 Selling the President: Stand-Up Comedy and the Politricks of Indirection in Ghana] Theatre Survey - The Journal of the American Society for Theatre Research. Cambridge, England Vol. 54, Iss. 2, May 2013 pages 255-281. {{ISSN|0040-5574}} </ref> ka nyɛ niri ni tooi lɛbigi shɛli binshɛli din bi niŋ dɛdɛ.<ref>Lily Kpobi, Leslie Swartz [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jar.12500 Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability] [[Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities]] Volume 32, Issue 1 January 2019 Pages 43-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12500 {{ISSN|1360-2322}}</ref> == Kom Gabisibu == Gyimi (Jimi) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi shɛli ni pirinla salima gbibu zuɣu.<ref>Akabzaa, T.M., Banoeng-Yakubu, B., & Seyire, J.S. ''Heavy metal contamination in some mining communities within the Jimi River basin in Ashanti Region, Ghana.'' Journal of Ghana Science Association, 7(1), 36-45, 2005. </ref><ref>[https://zh.mindat.org/feature-2300089.html Gyimi, Ashanti Region, Ghana] [[Mindat.org]]</ref> == Lihimi m pahi == *[[Obuasi Gold Mine]] ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] iumry3ch4ox6myzh7effamfxj1r1the 137735 137734 2026-05-28T22:33:26Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Gyimi River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Jimi River | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = South Ghana with the Ofin (left) and Gyimi River | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ofin River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|58|49.9|N|1|46|27.5|W|region:GH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 102 meters | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gyimi river'''<ref name="gn2300089">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2300089|name=gyimi%20river}} Gyimi] in {{Geonamesabout}}</ref> shɛba booni li la '''Jimi River'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |title=Jimiso |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030139/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database/ashanti/jimiso |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]]. Di nyɛla din be Naimakrom tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/16945856 Gyimi] Mapcarta.</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Ofin River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]. Bachi ''gyimi'' nyɛla din be Kanbonsili balli ni zaŋ n-ti Kanbonsi <ref>David A. Donkor [https://www.proquest.com/openview/0f6d0f910dbd903ae32754ae97d774af/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=17435 Selling the President: Stand-Up Comedy and the Politricks of Indirection in Ghana] Theatre Survey - The Journal of the American Society for Theatre Research. Cambridge, England Vol. 54, Iss. 2, May 2013 pages 255-281. {{ISSN|0040-5574}} </ref> ka nyɛ niri ni tooi lɛbigi shɛli binshɛli din bi niŋ dɛdɛ.<ref>Lily Kpobi, Leslie Swartz [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jar.12500 Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability] [[Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities]] Volume 32, Issue 1 January 2019 Pages 43-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12500 {{ISSN|1360-2322}}</ref> == Kom Gabisibu == Gyimi (Jimi) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi shɛli ni pirinla salima gbibu zuɣu.<ref>Akabzaa, T.M., Banoeng-Yakubu, B., & Seyire, J.S. ''Heavy metal contamination in some mining communities within the Jimi River basin in Ashanti Region, Ghana.'' Journal of Ghana Science Association, 7(1), 36-45, 2005. </ref><ref>[https://zh.mindat.org/feature-2300089.html Gyimi, Ashanti Region, Ghana] [[Mindat.org]]</ref> == Lihimi m pahi == *[[Obuasi Gold Mine]] ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] ly03nuzh07z2ryk14ebj9dvctoy8i8n 0 33146 137736 2026-05-28T22:41:37Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Anum River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Anum River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Anum mini Pra mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ booni Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Yuuni 1977, lahabali nyɛla din daa yina wuhi ni Anum River, [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], n--ti pahi [[Ankobra River]]s nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣa shɛŋa n-ti ni bɛ gbi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 5enyircss5tudtz1an3b8q72rwf59v8 137737 137736 2026-05-28T22:41:56Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Anum River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Anum River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Anum mini Pra mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ booni Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Yuuni 1977, lahabali nyɛla din daa yina wuhi ni Anum River, [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], n--ti pahi [[Ankobra River]]s nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣa shɛŋa n-ti ni bɛ gbi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 6lkzxky4jx8rnliiagxekiu5yamk7y5 137738 137737 2026-05-28T22:42:23Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Anum River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Anum River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Anum mini Pra mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ booni Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Yuuni 1977, lahabali nyɛla din daa yina wuhi ni Anum River, [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], n--ti pahi [[Ankobra River]]s nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣa shɛŋa n-ti ni bɛ gbi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] sp4rib6plahk20tdv8asa29pnx53u8r 137739 137738 2026-05-28T22:42:54Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Anum River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Anum River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Anum mini Pra mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ booni Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Yuuni 1977, lahabali nyɛla din daa yina wuhi ni Anum River, [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], n--ti pahi [[Ankobra River]]s nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣa shɛŋa n-ti ni bɛ gbi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] qgjv9iu4hyi93hekk4yx5fjd0vrfoy9 137740 137739 2026-05-28T22:46:11Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Anum River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Anum River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Anum mini Pra mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ booni Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Yuuni 1977, lahabali nyɛla din daa yina wuhi ni Anum Mɔɣili, [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], n--ti pahi [[Ankobra River]]s nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣa shɛŋa n-ti ni bɛ gbi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 8qtp5ombfbbshsrvrevondv0urow08d 0 33147 137741 2026-05-28T22:47:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ayensu River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = [[Winneba]], Ghana | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|21|06|N|0|36|25|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ayensu River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = DCE launches River Basin Afforestation to sustain water|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=42788|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref>Di nyɛladin zori kpɛri [[Ouiba Lagoon]] mini Winneba Wetlands yaɣ'shɛŋa.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA365|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=365}}</ref> Yuuni 1939 piligu, bɛ daa niŋ nia ni bɛ me kɔdɔriko mɔɣili ŋɔ miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Jahadzi]].<ref name="Survey1939">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Report of the Director|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZURAAAAIAAJ|year=1939|page=41}}</ref> Ayensuadzi-Brusheng Quartz Schists nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili.<ref name="Survey1958">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJQRAAAAIAAJ|year=1958|page=8}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] jtc1zki6cc5cz4hzfvaexrj84abzcr2 137742 137741 2026-05-28T22:48:12Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ayensu River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = [[Winneba]], Ghana | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|21|06|N|0|36|25|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ayensu River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = DCE launches River Basin Afforestation to sustain water|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=42788|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref>Di nyɛladin zori kpɛri [[Ouiba Lagoon]] mini Winneba Wetlands yaɣ'shɛŋa.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA365|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=365}}</ref> Yuuni 1939 piligu, bɛ daa niŋ nia ni bɛ me kɔdɔriko mɔɣili ŋɔ miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Jahadzi]].<ref name="Survey1939">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Report of the Director|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZURAAAAIAAJ|year=1939|page=41}}</ref> Ayensuadzi-Brusheng Quartz Schists nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili.<ref name="Survey1958">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJQRAAAAIAAJ|year=1958|page=8}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] i64uqxjohlrzk3kqms7nma0olvtpnxd 137743 137742 2026-05-28T22:48:37Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ayensu River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = [[Winneba]], Ghana | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|21|06|N|0|36|25|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ayensu River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = DCE launches River Basin Afforestation to sustain water|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=42788|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref>Di nyɛladin zori kpɛri [[Ouiba Lagoon]] mini Winneba Wetlands yaɣ'shɛŋa.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA365|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=365}}</ref> Yuuni 1939 piligu, bɛ daa niŋ nia ni bɛ me kɔdɔriko mɔɣili ŋɔ miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Jahadzi]].<ref name="Survey1939">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Report of the Director|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZURAAAAIAAJ|year=1939|page=41}}</ref> Ayensuadzi-Brusheng Quartz Schists nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili.<ref name="Survey1958">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJQRAAAAIAAJ|year=1958|page=8}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] cu0zudovyi5k70cr4p9scayl9nfe2v5 137744 137743 2026-05-28T22:49:20Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ayensu River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = [[Winneba]], Ghana | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|21|06|N|0|36|25|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Ayensu River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = DCE launches River Basin Afforestation to sustain water|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=42788|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref>Di nyɛladin zori kpɛri [[Ouiba Lagoon]] mini Winneba Wetlands yaɣ'shɛŋa.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA365|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=365}}</ref> Yuuni 1939 piligu, bɛ daa niŋ nia ni bɛ me kɔdɔriko mɔɣili ŋɔ miri tiŋ yuli booni [[Jahadzi]].<ref name="Survey1939">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Report of the Director|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZURAAAAIAAJ|year=1939|page=41}}</ref> Ayensuadzi-Brusheng Quartz Schists nyɛla din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili.<ref name="Survey1958">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJQRAAAAIAAJ|year=1958|page=8}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] fax8z91uhhb9yo24euznc0oqmhhh0yl 0 33148 137745 2026-05-28T22:53:18Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Ghana}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Densu River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim be kamani kilomitta kɔbigi ni pinaayoobu ka nyɛ din be Atewa Range, [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ pukparilim yaɣili ka nyɛ din lahi tiri salo ban be Ghana tiŋzuɣu [[Accra]] ko'nyuri sɔŋ. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti naai [[wetland]] delta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> din be [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam]] mini [[Weija Dam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyɛla din be Densu River ŋɔ.<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref> == Threats == Kalinli zaŋ n-ti Densu Basin nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani niriba kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2008-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024134/http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|archive-date=2008-11-20|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Densu River yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni mali saɣiri bahira ka dizuɣu chɛ ka lala saɣiri ŋɔ kpɛri gabiri mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Binshɛŋa bɛ ni lahi niŋdi ka di daɣiri kom ŋɔ nyɛ pukparilim mini salima gbibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == In popular culture == * Ghananima yli yiina Kojo Antwi nyɛla ŋun zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli zaŋ n-ti o "studio album" din pahiri ayi shɛli o ni daa bahi yuuni 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], [[Afrobeat]] binkɔmda ŋmɛra nyɛla ŋun daa yina ni o yilli ka daa boli Densu, ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din jandi zahim balibu mini yili shɛli zahin gbahira ni yiina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624215854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead|title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ghana]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} 2rn4g76yps6f9l834b67cz28rp8f423 137746 137745 2026-05-28T22:54:01Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* In popular culture */ Updated Content 137746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Ghana}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Densu River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim be kamani kilomitta kɔbigi ni pinaayoobu ka nyɛ din be Atewa Range, [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ pukparilim yaɣili ka nyɛ din lahi tiri salo ban be Ghana tiŋzuɣu [[Accra]] ko'nyuri sɔŋ. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti naai [[wetland]] delta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> din be [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam]] mini [[Weija Dam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyɛla din be Densu River ŋɔ.<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref> == Threats == Kalinli zaŋ n-ti Densu Basin nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani niriba kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2008-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024134/http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|archive-date=2008-11-20|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Densu River yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni mali saɣiri bahira ka dizuɣu chɛ ka lala saɣiri ŋɔ kpɛri gabiri mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Binshɛŋa bɛ ni lahi niŋdi ka di daɣiri kom ŋɔ nyɛ pukparilim mini salima gbibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == In popular culture == * Ghananima yili yiina Kojo Antwi nyɛla ŋun zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli zaŋ n-ti o "studio album" din pahiri ayi shɛli o ni daa bahi yuuni 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], [[Afrobeat]] binkɔmda ŋmɛra nyɛla ŋun daa yina ni o yilli ka daa boli Densu, ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din jandi zahim balibu mini yili shɛli zahin gbahira ni yiina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624215854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead|title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ghana]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} rm4bv1l5hfadrcxq9rm2wqmiygxh1jg 137747 137746 2026-05-28T22:54:28Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Ghana}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Densu River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim be kamani kilomitta kɔbigi ni pinaayoobu ka nyɛ din be Atewa Range, [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ pukparilim yaɣili ka nyɛ din lahi tiri salo ban be Ghana tiŋzuɣu [[Accra]] ko'nyuri sɔŋ. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti naai [[wetland]] delta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> din be [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam]] mini [[Weija Dam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyɛla din be Densu River ŋɔ.<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref> == Threats == Kalinli zaŋ n-ti Densu Basin nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani niriba kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2008-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024134/http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|archive-date=2008-11-20|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Densu River yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni mali saɣiri bahira ka dizuɣu chɛ ka lala saɣiri ŋɔ kpɛri gabiri mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Binshɛŋa bɛ ni lahi niŋdi ka di daɣiri kom ŋɔ nyɛ pukparilim mini salima gbibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == In popular culture == * Ghananima yili yiina Kojo Antwi nyɛla ŋun zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli zaŋ n-ti o "studio album" din pahiri ayi shɛli o ni daa bahi yuuni 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], [[Afrobeat]] binkɔmda ŋmɛra nyɛla ŋun daa yina ni o yilli ka daa boli Densu, ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din jandi zahim balibu mini yili shɛli zahin gbahira ni yiina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624215854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead|title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ghana]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} 6wzu8d1ugrnga0suunr8ydx2mnh6yed 137748 137747 2026-05-28T22:54:52Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Ghana}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Densu River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim be kamani kilomitta kɔbigi ni pinaayoobu ka nyɛ din be Atewa Range, [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ pukparilim yaɣili ka nyɛ din lahi tiri salo ban be Ghana tiŋzuɣu [[Accra]] ko'nyuri sɔŋ. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti naai [[wetland]] delta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> din be [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam]] mini [[Weija Dam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyɛla din be Densu River ŋɔ.<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref> == Threats == Kalinli zaŋ n-ti Densu Basin nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani niriba kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2008-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024134/http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|archive-date=2008-11-20|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Densu River yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni mali saɣiri bahira ka dizuɣu chɛ ka lala saɣiri ŋɔ kpɛri gabiri mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Binshɛŋa bɛ ni lahi niŋdi ka di daɣiri kom ŋɔ nyɛ pukparilim mini salima gbibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == In popular culture == * Ghananima yili yiina Kojo Antwi nyɛla ŋun zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli zaŋ n-ti o "studio album" din pahiri ayi shɛli o ni daa bahi yuuni 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], [[Afrobeat]] binkɔmda ŋmɛra nyɛla ŋun daa yina ni o yilli ka daa boli Densu, ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din jandi zahim balibu mini yili shɛli zahin gbahira ni yiina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624215854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead|title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ghana]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Ghana]] dyhtp2bov4e3s30yjh22rrmn2fmf3xi 137749 137748 2026-05-28T22:55:15Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Ghana}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Densu River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim be kamani kilomitta kɔbigi ni pinaayoobu ka nyɛ din be Atewa Range, [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ pukparilim yaɣili ka nyɛ din lahi tiri salo ban be Ghana tiŋzuɣu [[Accra]] ko'nyuri sɔŋ. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti naai [[wetland]] delta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> din be [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam]] mini [[Weija Dam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyɛla din be Densu River ŋɔ.<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref> == Threats == Kalinli zaŋ n-ti Densu Basin nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani niriba kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2008-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024134/http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|archive-date=2008-11-20|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Densu River yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni mali saɣiri bahira ka dizuɣu chɛ ka lala saɣiri ŋɔ kpɛri gabiri mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Binshɛŋa bɛ ni lahi niŋdi ka di daɣiri kom ŋɔ nyɛ pukparilim mini salima gbibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == In popular culture == * Ghananima yili yiina Kojo Antwi nyɛla ŋun zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli zaŋ n-ti o "studio album" din pahiri ayi shɛli o ni daa bahi yuuni 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], [[Afrobeat]] binkɔmda ŋmɛra nyɛla ŋun daa yina ni o yilli ka daa boli Densu, ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din jandi zahim balibu mini yili shɛli zahin gbahira ni yiina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624215854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead|title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ghana]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Ghana]] 1s05sdel84027hvu3n3aa0005rbgto4 137750 137749 2026-05-28T22:56:00Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Ghana}} {{Databox}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Densu River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim be kamani kilomitta kɔbigi ni pinaayoobu ka nyɛ din be Atewa Range, [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ pukparilim yaɣili ka nyɛ din lahi tiri salo ban be Ghana tiŋzuɣu [[Accra]] ko'nyuri sɔŋ. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti naai [[wetland]] delta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> din be [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam]] mini [[Weija Dam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyɛla din be Densu River ŋɔ.<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref> == Threats == Kalinli zaŋ n-ti Densu Basin nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani niriba kɔbishɛ ni pihinahi.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2008-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024134/http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|archive-date=2008-11-20|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Densu River yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni mali saɣiri bahira ka dizuɣu chɛ ka lala saɣiri ŋɔ kpɛri gabiri mɔɣili ŋɔ ni. Binshɛŋa bɛ ni lahi niŋdi ka di daɣiri kom ŋɔ nyɛ pukparilim mini salima gbibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == In popular culture == * Ghananima yili yiina Kojo Antwi nyɛla ŋun zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli zaŋ n-ti o "studio album" din pahiri ayi shɛli o ni daa bahi yuuni 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], [[Afrobeat]] binkɔmda ŋmɛra nyɛla ŋun daa yina ni o yilli ka daa boli Densu, ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din jandi zahim balibu mini yili shɛli zahin gbahira ni yiina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624215854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead|title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ghana]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Ghana]] fnespkuxew8x1jqi9ldg3xfitq882co 0 33149 137751 2026-05-29T06:42:14Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Weija Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|5|34|11|N|0|20|39|W|type:landmark_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Weija, [[Accra]], [[Greater Accra Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]] | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water Company]] | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Densu River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Weija Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Densu River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu zaŋ n-ti [[Accra]]. [[Ghana Water Company]]. nyɛ ban su di fukumsi . Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri salo kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii ko'viɛlli Accra mini tiŋ'shɛŋa din miri li.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story|url = http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|website = www.nadmo.gov.gh|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = Amoani|last = Ofori|archive-date = 2015-05-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182751/http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Ghana News - Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei|url = http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/June-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php|website = www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-floods-communities.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Ghana news: Weija Dam spillage floods communities - Graphic Online|last=Boateng|first=Caroline|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Di mɛbu nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1974 ka bɛ nyɛ bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1978, Messrs Tahi, Italianima kompani nyɛ ban daa gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awuku-Apaw |first=Joshua |date=2011-12-15 |title=THE WEIJA DAM OBITUARY |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/367257/the-weija-dam-obituary.html |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Spillage == Silimiin goli June yuuni 2014, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii ka dizuɣu daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na Glefe. Di ni daa dam ninvuɣ shɛba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa yina n-ti yɛlli ni lala ko'kpɛɣu ŋɔ daliri nyɛla din niŋ ka Bortianor Traditional Council zaɣisi ni bɛ di gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di zo hali ka Homowo chuɣu daa ti naai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyabor |first=Jonas |date=2014-06-10 |title=Weija dam spillage floods Glefe |url=https://citifmonline.com/2014/06/weija-dam-spillage-floods-glefe/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2017, Ghana Water Company nyɛla ban daa piligi kom yihibu mɔɣili ŋɔ ni din yɛn chɛ ka di bi kpɛ yaɣiyi di kpɛbu zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa kpa talahi dama saa nyɛla ŋun daa piligi mibu. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na [[Tetegu]] mini Oblogo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Dam spillage floods communities |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/147937/%20Weija%20Dam%20spillage%20floods%20communities%20%20%20%20%20 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2021, bɛ nyɛla ban daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ bahi pirinla mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa zani awa pishi ni anahi sunsuun kpɛ yaɣiyi zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa chi ka ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili ŋɔ daa pahi 46.2 feet zaŋ chaŋ 48.1 feet ka di wuhi ni di nyɛla din kpɛ yaɣiyi 1.1 feet dama di kpɛbu zaa nyɛla 47 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nti |first=Kwaku |date=2021-03-30 |title=GWCL opens three gates of Weija-Dam to allow spillage |url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/03/30/gwcl-opens-three-gates-of-weija-dam-to-allow-spillage/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Angel Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli October yuuni 2022, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii buyi. Di bɔŋɔ daliri daa nyɛla saa miri biɛɣu. Ko'shɛli din daa be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni saha shɛli bɛ ni daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla 49.5 feet mini 47.9 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boakye |first=Edna Agnes |date=2022-10-27 |title=GWCL spills excess water from Weija Dam; residents asked to relocate |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/10/gwcl-spills-excess-water-from-weija-dam-residents-asked-to-relocate/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-05-03 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}{{Commons}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Greater Accra Region]] mvxwrwp2uvtahr26wdm1dope6qpk7q3 137752 137751 2026-05-29T06:43:29Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Weija Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|5|34|11|N|0|20|39|W|type:landmark_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Weija, [[Accra]], [[Greater Accra Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]] | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water Company]] | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Densu River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Weija Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Densu River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu zaŋ n-ti [[Accra]]. [[Ghana Water Limited]] nyɛ ban su di fukumsi . Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri salo kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii ko'viɛlli Accra mini tiŋ'shɛŋa din miri li.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story|url = http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|website = www.nadmo.gov.gh|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = Amoani|last = Ofori|archive-date = 2015-05-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182751/http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Ghana News - Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei|url = http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/June-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php|website = www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-floods-communities.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Ghana news: Weija Dam spillage floods communities - Graphic Online|last=Boateng|first=Caroline|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Di mɛbu nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1974 ka bɛ nyɛ bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1978, Messrs Tahi, Italianima kompani nyɛ ban daa gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awuku-Apaw |first=Joshua |date=2011-12-15 |title=THE WEIJA DAM OBITUARY |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/367257/the-weija-dam-obituary.html |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Spillage == Silimiin goli June yuuni 2014, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii ka dizuɣu daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na Glefe. Di ni daa dam ninvuɣ shɛba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa yina n-ti yɛlli ni lala ko'kpɛɣu ŋɔ daliri nyɛla din niŋ ka Bortianor Traditional Council zaɣisi ni bɛ di gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di zo hali ka Homowo chuɣu daa ti naai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyabor |first=Jonas |date=2014-06-10 |title=Weija dam spillage floods Glefe |url=https://citifmonline.com/2014/06/weija-dam-spillage-floods-glefe/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2017, Ghana Water Company nyɛla ban daa piligi kom yihibu mɔɣili ŋɔ ni din yɛn chɛ ka di bi kpɛ yaɣiyi di kpɛbu zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa kpa talahi dama saa nyɛla ŋun daa piligi mibu. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na [[Tetegu]] mini Oblogo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Dam spillage floods communities |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/147937/%20Weija%20Dam%20spillage%20floods%20communities%20%20%20%20%20 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2021, bɛ nyɛla ban daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ bahi pirinla mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa zani awa pishi ni anahi sunsuun kpɛ yaɣiyi zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa chi ka ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili ŋɔ daa pahi 46.2 feet zaŋ chaŋ 48.1 feet ka di wuhi ni di nyɛla din kpɛ yaɣiyi 1.1 feet dama di kpɛbu zaa nyɛla 47 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nti |first=Kwaku |date=2021-03-30 |title=GWCL opens three gates of Weija-Dam to allow spillage |url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/03/30/gwcl-opens-three-gates-of-weija-dam-to-allow-spillage/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Angel Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli October yuuni 2022, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii buyi. Di bɔŋɔ daliri daa nyɛla saa miri biɛɣu. Ko'shɛli din daa be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni saha shɛli bɛ ni daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla 49.5 feet mini 47.9 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boakye |first=Edna Agnes |date=2022-10-27 |title=GWCL spills excess water from Weija Dam; residents asked to relocate |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/10/gwcl-spills-excess-water-from-weija-dam-residents-asked-to-relocate/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-05-03 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}{{Commons}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Greater Accra Region]] ii0eer8bcy7n0b4ix7401yglzxeqtoh 137753 137752 2026-05-29T06:44:02Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Weija Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|5|34|11|N|0|20|39|W|type:landmark_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Weija, [[Accra]], [[Greater Accra Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]] | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water Company]] | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Densu River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Weija Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Densu River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu zaŋ n-ti [[Accra]]. [[Ghana Water Limited]] nyɛ ban su di fukumsi . Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri salo kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii ko'viɛlli Accra mini tiŋ'shɛŋa din miri li.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story|url = http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|website = www.nadmo.gov.gh|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = Amoani|last = Ofori|archive-date = 2015-05-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182751/http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Ghana News - Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei|url = http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/June-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php|website = www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-floods-communities.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Ghana news: Weija Dam spillage floods communities - Graphic Online|last=Boateng|first=Caroline|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Di mɛbu nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1974 ka bɛ nyɛ bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1978, Messrs Tahi, Italianima kompani nyɛ ban daa gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awuku-Apaw |first=Joshua |date=2011-12-15 |title=THE WEIJA DAM OBITUARY |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/367257/the-weija-dam-obituary.html |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Spillage == Silimiin goli June yuuni 2014, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii ka dizuɣu daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na Glefe. Di ni daa dam ninvuɣ shɛba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa yina n-ti yɛlli ni lala ko'kpɛɣu ŋɔ daliri nyɛla din niŋ ka Bortianor Traditional Council zaɣisi ni bɛ di gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di zo hali ka Homowo chuɣu daa ti naai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyabor |first=Jonas |date=2014-06-10 |title=Weija dam spillage floods Glefe |url=https://citifmonline.com/2014/06/weija-dam-spillage-floods-glefe/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2017, Ghana Water Company nyɛla ban daa piligi kom yihibu mɔɣili ŋɔ ni din yɛn chɛ ka di bi kpɛ yaɣiyi di kpɛbu zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa kpa talahi dama saa nyɛla ŋun daa piligi mibu. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na [[Tetegu]] mini Oblogo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Dam spillage floods communities |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/147937/%20Weija%20Dam%20spillage%20floods%20communities%20%20%20%20%20 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2021, bɛ nyɛla ban daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ bahi pirinla mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa zani awa pishi ni anahi sunsuun kpɛ yaɣiyi zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa chi ka ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili ŋɔ daa pahi 46.2 feet zaŋ chaŋ 48.1 feet ka di wuhi ni di nyɛla din kpɛ yaɣiyi 1.1 feet dama di kpɛbu zaa nyɛla 47 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nti |first=Kwaku |date=2021-03-30 |title=GWCL opens three gates of Weija-Dam to allow spillage |url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/03/30/gwcl-opens-three-gates-of-weija-dam-to-allow-spillage/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Angel Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli October yuuni 2022, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii buyi. Di bɔŋɔ daliri daa nyɛla saa miri biɛɣu. Ko'shɛli din daa be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni saha shɛli bɛ ni daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla 49.5 feet mini 47.9 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boakye |first=Edna Agnes |date=2022-10-27 |title=GWCL spills excess water from Weija Dam; residents asked to relocate |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/10/gwcl-spills-excess-water-from-weija-dam-residents-asked-to-relocate/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-05-03 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}}{{Commons}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Greater Accra Region]] sj0l3xyymlkodx5v6b1lc5k2cp2evuj 137754 137753 2026-05-29T06:45:13Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox dam | name = Weija Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Ghana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|5|34|11|N|0|20|39|W|type:landmark_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | country = Ghana | location = Weija, [[Accra]], [[Greater Accra Region]] | purpose = [[Municipal water supply]] | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Ghana Water Company]] | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Densu River]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Weija Dam''' nyɛla [[dam|mɔɣili]] din be [[Densu River]] ka nyɛ din sɔŋdi ko'nyuri sɔŋ nyabu zaŋ n-ti [[Accra]]. [[Ghana Water Limited]] nyɛ ban su di fukumsi . Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri salo kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii ko'viɛlli Accra mini tiŋ'shɛŋa din miri li.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story|url = http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|website = www.nadmo.gov.gh|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = Amoani|last = Ofori|archive-date = 2015-05-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182751/http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Ghana News - Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei|url = http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/June-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php|website = www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate = 2015-05-25|first = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-floods-communities.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Ghana news: Weija Dam spillage floods communities - Graphic Online|last=Boateng|first=Caroline|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Di mɛbu nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1974 ka bɛ nyɛ bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1978, Messrs Tahi, Italianima kompani nyɛ ban daa gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awuku-Apaw |first=Joshua |date=2011-12-15 |title=THE WEIJA DAM OBITUARY |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/367257/the-weija-dam-obituary.html |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Spillage == Silimiin goli June yuuni 2014, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii ka dizuɣu daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na Glefe. Di ni daa dam ninvuɣ shɛba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa yina n-ti yɛlli ni lala ko'kpɛɣu ŋɔ daliri nyɛla din niŋ ka Bortianor Traditional Council zaɣisi ni bɛ di gbi mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di zo hali ka Homowo chuɣu daa ti naai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyabor |first=Jonas |date=2014-06-10 |title=Weija dam spillage floods Glefe |url=https://citifmonline.com/2014/06/weija-dam-spillage-floods-glefe/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2017, Ghana Water Company nyɛla ban daa piligi kom yihibu mɔɣili ŋɔ ni din yɛn chɛ ka di bi kpɛ yaɣiyi di kpɛbu zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa kpa talahi dama saa nyɛla ŋun daa piligi mibu. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa tahi ko'kpɛɣu na [[Tetegu]] mini Oblogo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weija Dam spillage floods communities |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/147937/%20Weija%20Dam%20spillage%20floods%20communities%20%20%20%20%20 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2021, bɛ nyɛla ban daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ bahi pirinla mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa zani awa pishi ni anahi sunsuun kpɛ yaɣiyi zuɣu. Di nyɛla din daa chi ka ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili ŋɔ daa pahi 46.2 feet zaŋ chaŋ 48.1 feet ka di wuhi ni di nyɛla din kpɛ yaɣiyi 1.1 feet dama di kpɛbu zaa nyɛla 47 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nti |first=Kwaku |date=2021-03-30 |title=GWCL opens three gates of Weija-Dam to allow spillage |url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/03/30/gwcl-opens-three-gates-of-weija-dam-to-allow-spillage/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Angel Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Silimiin goli October yuuni 2022, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chii buyi. Di bɔŋɔ daliri daa nyɛla saa miri biɛɣu. Ko'shɛli din daa be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni saha shɛli bɛ ni daa yooi mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla 49.5 feet mini 47.9 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boakye |first=Edna Agnes |date=2022-10-27 |title=GWCL spills excess water from Weija Dam; residents asked to relocate |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/10/gwcl-spills-excess-water-from-weija-dam-residents-asked-to-relocate/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-05-03 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}}{{Commons}} [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Embankment dams]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Ghana]] [[Category:Greater Accra Region]] 62yfvc8h4cpj1zg720qz995nc65ej4f 0 33150 137755 2026-05-29T06:58:25Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana}} {{coord|6|07|N|0|28|E|display=title|region:GH_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} '''Angongwi''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din be tiŋgbani maa "south-eastern" ka nyɛ kilomita kɔbigi zaŋ chaŋ Ankara wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/2304615/angongwi.html|last=GeoNames|title=Angongwi|date=2017|accessdate=26 October 2017}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Volta River]] pɔi ka Volta zo kpɛ [[Gulf of Guinea]]. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] eivtqguaedf1hbiag6ejgtyzkv8j0n5 137756 137755 2026-05-29T06:58:53Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana}} {{coord|6|07|N|0|28|E|display=title|region:GH_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} '''Angongwi''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din be tiŋgbani maa "south-eastern" ka nyɛ kilomita kɔbigi zaŋ chaŋ Ankara wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/2304615/angongwi.html|last=GeoNames|title=Angongwi|date=2017|accessdate=26 October 2017}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Volta River]] pɔi ka Volta zo kpɛ [[Gulf of Guinea]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] hku9oxbdswif00l23fkysekeyrnsw6n 137757 137756 2026-05-29T06:59:48Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana}} {{coord|6|07|N|0|28|E|display=title|region:GH_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} '''Angongwi''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din be tiŋgbani maa wulinpuhili ka nyɛ kilomita kɔbigi zaŋ chaŋ Ankara wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/2304615/angongwi.html|last=GeoNames|title=Angongwi|date=2017|accessdate=26 October 2017}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Volta River]] pɔi ka Volta zo kpɛ [[Gulf of Guinea]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 65o7dexwdmvgcpj63cs0583sj0erkqx 137758 137757 2026-05-29T07:00:20Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Short description|River in Ghana}} {{coord|6|07|N|0|28|E|display=title|region:GH_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} '''Angongwi''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din be tiŋgbani maa wulinpuhili ka nyɛ kilomita kɔbigi zaŋ chaŋ Ankara wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/2304615/angongwi.html|last=GeoNames|title=Angongwi|date=2017|accessdate=26 October 2017}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Volta River]] pɔi ka Volta zo kpɛ [[Gulf of Guinea]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 7b50a37cg7o2lyoor1b4eup1n4vgxg8 0 33151 137759 2026-05-29T07:06:10Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana and Togo}} {{Infobox river | name = Todzie River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Dabala]]|[[Agbogbla]]|[[Bludo]]|[[Avuto]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 267 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|11|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = south west [[Togo]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source2 = | source2_location = | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Volta Region, [[Volta Region]], [[Ghana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Volta River]] | basin_size_km2 = 2200 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Todzie''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din be tiŋgbani maa mini [[Togo]] sunsuun.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258556699_Hydrobiology_of_the_Songor_and_Keta_lagoons_implications_for_wetland_management_in_Ghana Hydrobiology of the Songor and Keta lagoons: implications for wetland management in Ghana]</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ ʒiliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani mita dibaa anu. Balishɛŋa ni tooi sabiri Todzie ŋɔ shɛm nyɛ: Todjé, Todje, Toje, Todji, Toji, Todjie, Todschië bee Todie. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] atcr3ta8y7tvjqdfgr2q5u9cqu7mm8u 137760 137759 2026-05-29T07:06:58Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana and Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Todzie River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Dabala]]|[[Agbogbla]]|[[Bludo]]|[[Avuto]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 267 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|11|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = south west [[Togo]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source2 = | source2_location = | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Volta Region, [[Volta Region]], [[Ghana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Volta River]] | basin_size_km2 = 2200 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Todzie''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din be tiŋgbani maa mini [[Togo]] sunsuun.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258556699_Hydrobiology_of_the_Songor_and_Keta_lagoons_implications_for_wetland_management_in_Ghana Hydrobiology of the Songor and Keta lagoons: implications for wetland management in Ghana]</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ ʒiliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani mita dibaa anu. Balishɛŋa ni tooi sabiri Todzie ŋɔ shɛm nyɛ: Todjé, Todje, Toje, Todji, Toji, Todjie, Todschië bee Todie. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] 55makdhu37c7c756cax25blq0e5pik7 137761 137760 2026-05-29T07:07:28Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana and Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Todzie River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Dabala]]|[[Agbogbla]]|[[Bludo]]|[[Avuto]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 267 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|11|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = south west [[Togo]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source2 = | source2_location = | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Volta Region, [[Volta Region]], [[Ghana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Volta River]] | basin_size_km2 = 2200 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Todzie''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Ghana]] ka nyɛ din be tiŋgbani maa mini [[Togo]] sunsuun.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258556699_Hydrobiology_of_the_Songor_and_Keta_lagoons_implications_for_wetland_management_in_Ghana Hydrobiology of the Songor and Keta lagoons: implications for wetland management in Ghana]</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ ʒiliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani mita dibaa anu. Balishɛŋa ni tooi sabiri Todzie ŋɔ shɛm nyɛ: Todjé, Todje, Toje, Todji, Toji, Todjie, Todschië bee Todie. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] 1b1m5hc9vejuekw9ifi4vrqcsahfmhp 0 33152 137762 2026-05-29T07:10:48Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Togo}} {{Infobox river | name = Oti River<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Oti River in [[Pendjari National Park]] in dry season; [[Benin]] left, [[Burkina Faso]] right | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Designation | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Oti River''' ŋɔ bee '''Pendjari River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') nyɛla tiŋduya mɔɣili din be West [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oti river|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oti-River|url-status=live}}</ref> Di piligi la [[Benin]], di nyɛla din di tarisi Benin mini [[Burkina Faso]] sunsuun ka nyɛ din zori yiri [[Togo]] na n ti tuɣiri [[Volta River]] din be [[Ghana]]. ==Geography== Oti River waɣilim nyɛla din be kamani kilomita pihinu ni pishi. Di pili li nyɛla Benin mini Burkina Faso, di nyɛla din zori yiri Benin mini Togo kpɛri Volta River din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Kara River (Togo)|Kara River]] mini [[Koumongou River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ noli nyɛla din daa na be Volta River amaa saha ŋɔ ka nyɛ din pa zori kpɛri [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> ===International borders=== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be tiŋduya tarisi sunsuun [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] n-ti pahi [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> ===Parks=== Oti River nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Pendjari National Park]] din be Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> mini [[Kéran National Park|Oti-Kéran National Park]] din be Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Rivers of Togo}} [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Benin–Burkina Faso border]] [[Category:Benin–Togo border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Togo border]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Benin]] [[Category:Border rivers]] ok96h85cz9qbqwudok0kvsdosw8j76b 137763 137762 2026-05-29T07:11:33Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oti River<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Oti River in [[Pendjari National Park]] in dry season; [[Benin]] left, [[Burkina Faso]] right | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Designation | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Oti River''' ŋɔ bee '''Pendjari River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') nyɛla tiŋduya mɔɣili din be West [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oti river|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oti-River|url-status=live}}</ref> Di piligi la [[Benin]], di nyɛla din di tarisi Benin mini [[Burkina Faso]] sunsuun ka nyɛ din zori yiri [[Togo]] na n ti tuɣiri [[Volta River]] din be [[Ghana]]. ==Geography== Oti River waɣilim nyɛla din be kamani kilomita pihinu ni pishi. Di pili li nyɛla Benin mini Burkina Faso, di nyɛla din zori yiri Benin mini Togo kpɛri Volta River din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Kara River (Togo)|Kara River]] mini [[Koumongou River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ noli nyɛla din daa na be Volta River amaa saha ŋɔ ka nyɛ din pa zori kpɛri [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> ===International borders=== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be tiŋduya tarisi sunsuun [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] n-ti pahi [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> ===Parks=== Oti River nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Pendjari National Park]] din be Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> mini [[Kéran National Park|Oti-Kéran National Park]] din be Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Rivers of Togo}} [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Benin–Burkina Faso border]] [[Category:Benin–Togo border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Togo border]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Benin]] [[Category:Border rivers]] d22vs3r5eafsz6zvv6q5s9tovh2hp7a 137764 137763 2026-05-29T07:12:02Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* International borders */ Updated Content 137764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oti River<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Oti River in [[Pendjari National Park]] in dry season; [[Benin]] left, [[Burkina Faso]] right | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Designation | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Oti River''' ŋɔ bee '''Pendjari River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') nyɛla tiŋduya mɔɣili din be West [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oti river|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oti-River|url-status=live}}</ref> Di piligi la [[Benin]], di nyɛla din di tarisi Benin mini [[Burkina Faso]] sunsuun ka nyɛ din zori yiri [[Togo]] na n ti tuɣiri [[Volta River]] din be [[Ghana]]. ==Geography== Oti River waɣilim nyɛla din be kamani kilomita pihinu ni pishi. Di pili li nyɛla Benin mini Burkina Faso, di nyɛla din zori yiri Benin mini Togo kpɛri Volta River din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Kara River (Togo)|Kara River]] mini [[Koumongou River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ noli nyɛla din daa na be Volta River amaa saha ŋɔ ka nyɛ din pa zori kpɛri [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> ===Tiŋduya taraisi === Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be tiŋduya tarisi sunsuun [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] n-ti pahi [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> ===Parks=== Oti River nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Pendjari National Park]] din be Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> mini [[Kéran National Park|Oti-Kéran National Park]] din be Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Rivers of Togo}} [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Benin–Burkina Faso border]] [[Category:Benin–Togo border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Togo border]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Benin]] [[Category:Border rivers]] kqmolekvztboz3v3fuinzlz0mg4vama 137765 137764 2026-05-29T07:12:25Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Parks */ Updated Content 137765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oti River<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Oti River in [[Pendjari National Park]] in dry season; [[Benin]] left, [[Burkina Faso]] right | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Designation | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Oti River''' ŋɔ bee '''Pendjari River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') nyɛla tiŋduya mɔɣili din be West [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oti river|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oti-River|url-status=live}}</ref> Di piligi la [[Benin]], di nyɛla din di tarisi Benin mini [[Burkina Faso]] sunsuun ka nyɛ din zori yiri [[Togo]] na n ti tuɣiri [[Volta River]] din be [[Ghana]]. ==Geography== Oti River waɣilim nyɛla din be kamani kilomita pihinu ni pishi. Di pili li nyɛla Benin mini Burkina Faso, di nyɛla din zori yiri Benin mini Togo kpɛri Volta River din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Kara River (Togo)|Kara River]] mini [[Koumongou River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ noli nyɛla din daa na be Volta River amaa saha ŋɔ ka nyɛ din pa zori kpɛri [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> ===Tiŋduya taraisi === Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be tiŋduya tarisi sunsuun [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] n-ti pahi [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> ===Paakinima=== Oti River nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Pendjari National Park]] din be Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> mini [[Kéran National Park|Oti-Kéran National Park]] din be Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Rivers of Togo}} [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Benin–Burkina Faso border]] [[Category:Benin–Togo border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Togo border]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Benin]] [[Category:Border rivers]] eqini1wlawt7koc4rcih2a8f632jhhh 137766 137765 2026-05-29T07:12:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oti River<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Oti River in [[Pendjari National Park]] in dry season; [[Benin]] left, [[Burkina Faso]] right | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Designation | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Oti River''' ŋɔ bee '''Pendjari River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') nyɛla tiŋduya mɔɣili din be West [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oti river|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oti-River|url-status=live}}</ref> Di piligi la [[Benin]], di nyɛla din di tarisi Benin mini [[Burkina Faso]] sunsuun ka nyɛ din zori yiri [[Togo]] na n ti tuɣiri [[Volta River]] din be [[Ghana]]. ==Geography== Oti River waɣilim nyɛla din be kamani kilomita pihinu ni pishi. Di pili li nyɛla Benin mini Burkina Faso, di nyɛla din zori yiri Benin mini Togo kpɛri Volta River din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Kara River (Togo)|Kara River]] mini [[Koumongou River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ noli nyɛla din daa na be Volta River amaa saha ŋɔ ka nyɛ din pa zori kpɛri [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> ===Tiŋduya taraisi === Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be tiŋduya tarisi sunsuun [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] n-ti pahi [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> ===Paakinima=== Oti River nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Pendjari National Park]] din be Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> mini [[Kéran National Park|Oti-Kéran National Park]] din be Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Benin–Burkina Faso border]] [[Category:Benin–Togo border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Togo border]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Benin]] [[Category:Border rivers]] 5s4tpy3v759shvuzvuwgzm4m7nlpvkm 137767 137766 2026-05-29T07:13:11Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oti River<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Oti River in [[Pendjari National Park]] in dry season; [[Benin]] left, [[Burkina Faso]] right | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Designation | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Oti River''' ŋɔ bee '''Pendjari River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') nyɛla tiŋduya mɔɣili din be West [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oti river|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oti-River|url-status=live}}</ref> Di piligi la [[Benin]], di nyɛla din di tarisi Benin mini [[Burkina Faso]] sunsuun ka nyɛ din zori yiri [[Togo]] na n ti tuɣiri [[Volta River]] din be [[Ghana]]. ==Geography== Oti River waɣilim nyɛla din be kamani kilomita pihinu ni pishi. Di pili li nyɛla Benin mini Burkina Faso, di nyɛla din zori yiri Benin mini Togo kpɛri Volta River din be Ghana. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Kara River (Togo)|Kara River]] mini [[Koumongou River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ noli nyɛla din daa na be Volta River amaa saha ŋɔ ka nyɛ din pa zori kpɛri [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> ===Tiŋduya taraisi === Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be tiŋduya tarisi sunsuun [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] n-ti pahi [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> ===Paakinima=== Oti River nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Pendjari National Park]] din be Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> mini [[Kéran National Park|Oti-Kéran National Park]] din be Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Benin–Burkina Faso border]] [[Category:Benin–Togo border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Togo border]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Ramsar sites in Benin]] [[Category:Border rivers]] fg3o4eohlihxzuvrils52pk3yd173a9 0 33153 137768 2026-05-29T07:16:02Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Benin and Togo}} [[File:Côté Est de la rivière Kara 4.jpg|thumb|The Kara River flowing through the city of [[Kara, Togo|Kara]].]] [[File:Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png|thumb|Course of the Kara in Togo (Center)]] '''Kara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Togo]] mini [[Benin]] tudu yaɣili ka nyɛ din di tarisi ni [[Oti River]]. Di nyɛla din piligi Benin's [[Donga Department]] ka zori kpari [[Kara Region]] din be Togo ka gindi tiŋ yuli booni Kara, di nyɛla din zori kpalindi Oti River din be Togo-[[Ghana]] tarisi la.<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}</ref> Kara River Valley Agricultural Development Project nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋ ka di gu ka taɣi kamani 300 square kilometres.<ref name="Farnham1997">{{cite book|last=Farnham|first=Dana A.|title=Plows, Prosperity, and Cooperation at Agbassa: The Change from Hoes to Plows on a Government-Sponsored Land Settlement Project in Northern Togo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VopCPFLdjj4C&pg=PA39|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=1 June 1997|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=978-0-945636-98-4|page=39}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Coord|10.022|0.410|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Kara Region]] [[Category:Benin–Togo relations]] t76xj2tytwz13dora5w85aryic5ofex 137769 137768 2026-05-29T07:16:38Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Benin and Togo}} {{Databox}} [[File:Côté Est de la rivière Kara 4.jpg|thumb|The Kara River flowing through the city of [[Kara, Togo|Kara]].]] [[File:Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png|thumb|Course of the Kara in Togo (Center)]] '''Kara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Togo]] mini [[Benin]] tudu yaɣili ka nyɛ din di tarisi ni [[Oti River]]. Di nyɛla din piligi Benin's [[Donga Department]] ka zori kpari [[Kara Region]] din be Togo ka gindi tiŋ yuli booni Kara, di nyɛla din zori kpalindi Oti River din be Togo-[[Ghana]] tarisi la.<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}</ref> Kara River Valley Agricultural Development Project nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋ ka di gu ka taɣi kamani 300 square kilometres.<ref name="Farnham1997">{{cite book|last=Farnham|first=Dana A.|title=Plows, Prosperity, and Cooperation at Agbassa: The Change from Hoes to Plows on a Government-Sponsored Land Settlement Project in Northern Togo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VopCPFLdjj4C&pg=PA39|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=1 June 1997|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=978-0-945636-98-4|page=39}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Coord|10.022|0.410|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Kara Region]] [[Category:Benin–Togo relations]] 8q0cijsabj9ti5wn6a8st9q3n9dtig0 137770 137769 2026-05-29T07:18:04Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Benin and Togo}} {{Databox}} [[File:Côté Est de la rivière Kara 4.jpg|thumb|The Kara River flowing through the city of [[Kara, Togo|Kara]].]] [[File:Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png|thumb|Course of the Kara in Togo (Center)]] '''Kara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Togo]] mini [[Benin]] tudu yaɣili ka nyɛ din di tarisi ni [[Oti River]]. Di nyɛla din piligi Benin's [[Donga Department]] ka zori kpari [[Kara Region]] din be Togo ka gindi tiŋ yuli booni Kara, di nyɛla din zori kpalindi [[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]] din be Togo-[[Ghana]] tarisi la.<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}</ref> Kara River Valley Agricultural Development Project nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋ ka di gu ka taɣi kamani 300 square kilometres.<ref name="Farnham1997">{{cite book|last=Farnham|first=Dana A.|title=Plows, Prosperity, and Cooperation at Agbassa: The Change from Hoes to Plows on a Government-Sponsored Land Settlement Project in Northern Togo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VopCPFLdjj4C&pg=PA39|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=1 June 1997|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=978-0-945636-98-4|page=39}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Coord|10.022|0.410|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Kara Region]] [[Category:Benin–Togo relations]] 1eqik8aootlr97w7a8cbde1q56w2977 137771 137770 2026-05-29T07:18:26Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Benin and Togo}} {{Databox}} [[File:Côté Est de la rivière Kara 4.jpg|thumb|The Kara River flowing through the city of [[Kara, Togo|Kara]].]] [[File:Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png|thumb|Course of the Kara in Togo (Center)]] '''Kara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Togo]] mini [[Benin]] tudu yaɣili ka nyɛ din di tarisi ni [[Oti River]]. Di nyɛla din piligi Benin's [[Donga Department]] ka zori kpari [[Kara Region]] din be Togo ka gindi tiŋ yuli booni Kara, di nyɛla din zori kpalindi [[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]] din be Togo-[[Ghana]] tarisi la.<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}</ref> Kara River Valley Agricultural Development Project nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋ ka di gu ka taɣi kamani 300 square kilometres.<ref name="Farnham1997">{{cite book|last=Farnham|first=Dana A.|title=Plows, Prosperity, and Cooperation at Agbassa: The Change from Hoes to Plows on a Government-Sponsored Land Settlement Project in Northern Togo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VopCPFLdjj4C&pg=PA39|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=1 June 1997|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=978-0-945636-98-4|page=39}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|10.022|0.410|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:Kara Region]] [[Category:Benin–Togo relations]] o0m9jss4n62r0i5dx1hoi9klv53fk19 0 33154 137772 2026-05-29T07:20:56Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana and Togo}} {{Infobox river | name = Mo River<br>''Rivière Mo'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Togo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|8|45|00|N|00|11|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Mo River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Mo'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Ghana]] mini [[Togo]], di nyɛla din piligi Togo ka nyɛ din zori kpɛrina Ghana mini Togo tiŋgbani tarisi.<ref name="Brownlie, I. ">{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 250–79}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpalindi [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] c9jcyn9y6kf2gbg4jlmvh44dkhmg5yy 137773 137772 2026-05-29T07:21:27Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana and Togo}} {{Infobox river | name = Mo River<br>''Rivière Mo'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Togo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|8|45|00|N|00|11|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Mo River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Mo'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Ghana]] mini [[Togo]], di nyɛla din piligi Togo ka nyɛ din zori kpɛrina Ghana mini Togo tiŋgbani tarisi.<ref name="Brownlie, I. ">{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 250–79}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpalindi [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana. ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] snc84gux6sjothyscl00a46p52bdr7j 137774 137773 2026-05-29T07:21:59Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Ghana and Togo}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Mo River<br>''Rivière Mo'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] and [[Togo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] of [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|8|45|00|N|00|11|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Mo River''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Mo'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Ghana]] mini [[Togo]], di nyɛla din piligi Togo ka nyɛ din zori kpɛrina Ghana mini Togo tiŋgbani tarisi.<ref name="Brownlie, I. ">{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 250–79}}</ref> Di nyɛla din zori kpalindi [[Lake Volta]] din be Ghana. ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Clear}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Rivers of Togo]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Togo border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] 6fjnne7a3ps1zi3n4a605sj6gq4bzh8 0 33155 137775 2026-05-29T07:25:19Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Atakora River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Hippotragus1.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = A herd of antelope (hippotragus) by the Atakora river. One is leaning in to drink the water. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|9|59|N|0|4|55|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=600 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Atakora River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Lake Volta]] din be [[Ghana]], di nyɛla din zori kamani kilomita pihiyobu zaŋ chaŋ Lake Volta. Di nyɛla din be Ghana wulinluhili polo.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}}{{Clear}} <!--{{Coord|7.16648|-0.08201|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] csw3dt77tmy70048zryxpdmkt5xm8jy 137776 137775 2026-05-29T07:25:42Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Atakora River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Hippotragus1.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = A herd of antelope (hippotragus) by the Atakora river. One is leaning in to drink the water. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|9|59|N|0|4|55|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=600 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Atakora River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Lake Volta]] din be [[Ghana]], di nyɛla din zori kamani kilomita pihiyobu zaŋ chaŋ Lake Volta. Di nyɛla din be Ghana wulinluhili polo.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}{{Clear}} <!--{{Coord|7.16648|-0.08201|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 9orc094v1cgc7hoyp5yujp2xxwkagu4 137777 137776 2026-05-29T07:26:06Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Atakora River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Hippotragus1.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = A herd of antelope (hippotragus) by the Atakora river. One is leaning in to drink the water. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|9|59|N|0|4|55|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=600 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Atakora River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Lake Volta]] din be [[Ghana]], di nyɛla din zori kamani kilomita pihiyobu zaŋ chaŋ Lake Volta. Di nyɛla din be Ghana wulinluhili polo.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}}{{Clear}} <!--{{Coord|7.16648|-0.08201|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] klvzo6zovisps3mzip13pr3dv424eyd 137778 137777 2026-05-29T07:26:49Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Atakora River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Hippotragus1.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = A herd of antelope (hippotragus) by the Atakora river. One is leaning in to drink the water. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|9|59|N|0|4|55|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=600 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Atakora River''' nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Lake Volta]] din be [[Ghana]], di nyɛla din zori kamani kilomita pihiyobu zaŋ chaŋ Lake Volta. Di nyɛla din be Ghana wulinluhili polo.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}}{{Clear}} <!--{{Coord|7.16648|-0.08201|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] prkvexciu1xel1gis32ygnuo9c9dq02 0 33156 137779 2026-05-29T07:33:18Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox river | name = Sene River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sene River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Janssen | first=Thomas A.J.|display-authors=et. al.| title=Extending the baseline of tropical dry forest loss in Ghana (1984–2015) reveals drivers of major deforestation inside a protected area | journal=Biological Conservation | volume=218 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.004 | page=167| hdl=20.500.11820/1ba032cd-c8f9-4ca4-a436-d15dbc88dcb8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>Di nyɛla din zori doli [[Sene District]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] {{Ghana-river-stub}} fqd88ondwspnnjp8x2wixfvjo380r4b 137780 137779 2026-05-29T07:33:43Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox river | name = Sene River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sene River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Janssen | first=Thomas A.J.|display-authors=et. al.| title=Extending the baseline of tropical dry forest loss in Ghana (1984–2015) reveals drivers of major deforestation inside a protected area | journal=Biological Conservation | volume=218 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.004 | page=167| hdl=20.500.11820/1ba032cd-c8f9-4ca4-a436-d15dbc88dcb8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>Di nyɛla din zori doli [[Sene District]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 4qvvxkoabvrtg9kqvbw575d8ns96vs6 137781 137780 2026-05-29T07:34:09Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox river | name = Sene River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sene River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Janssen | first=Thomas A.J.|display-authors=et. al.| title=Extending the baseline of tropical dry forest loss in Ghana (1984–2015) reveals drivers of major deforestation inside a protected area | journal=Biological Conservation | volume=218 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.004 | page=167| hdl=20.500.11820/1ba032cd-c8f9-4ca4-a436-d15dbc88dcb8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>Di nyɛla din zori doli [[Sene District]]. ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 0pvw863mb96g1yh47nxxpjpd9t69743 137782 137781 2026-05-29T07:34:43Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Sene River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sene River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Janssen | first=Thomas A.J.|display-authors=et. al.| title=Extending the baseline of tropical dry forest loss in Ghana (1984–2015) reveals drivers of major deforestation inside a protected area | journal=Biological Conservation | volume=218 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.004 | page=167| hdl=20.500.11820/1ba032cd-c8f9-4ca4-a436-d15dbc88dcb8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>Di nyɛla din zori doli [[Sene District]]. ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] gxca4vnp8rszcf33v0r8zm3zs5qbzca 0 33157 137783 2026-05-29T07:39:36Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Pra River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Pra (centre top) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Pra River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Pra River nyɛla din piligi [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]] kamani {{convert|33|mi}} zaŋ chaŋ [[Mampong]] din nyɛ tiŋgbani maa sunsuun, di yɛliŋ nyɛla {{convert|120|mi}}.<ref name="Company1980">{{cite book|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=[https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand/page/34 34]}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Pra mini [[Anum River|Anum]] mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ laɣin li boli Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 9bzmuwl5dwj2hcj53gyv1dj0hudqkx2 137784 137783 2026-05-29T07:39:55Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Pra River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Pra (centre top) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Pra River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Pra River nyɛla din piligi [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]] kamani {{convert|33|mi}} zaŋ chaŋ [[Mampong]] din nyɛ tiŋgbani maa sunsuun, di yɛliŋ nyɛla {{convert|120|mi}}.<ref name="Company1980">{{cite book|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=[https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand/page/34 34]}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Pra mini [[Anum River|Anum]] mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ laɣin li boli Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] sbvc1buu476kindd1uqjlgogpxlq8mh 137785 137784 2026-05-29T07:40:17Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Pra River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Pra (centre top) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Pra River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Pra River nyɛla din piligi [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]] kamani {{convert|33|mi}} zaŋ chaŋ [[Mampong]] din nyɛ tiŋgbani maa sunsuun, di yɛliŋ nyɛla {{convert|120|mi}}.<ref name="Company1980">{{cite book|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=[https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand/page/34 34]}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Pra mini [[Anum River|Anum]] mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ laɣin li boli Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 22cfqg2lqdxcnzxktpyrekxanmnunxh 137786 137785 2026-05-29T07:40:59Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Pra River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Pra (centre top) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Pra River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Ghana. Pra River nyɛla din piligi [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]] kamani {{convert|33|mi}} zaŋ chaŋ [[Mampong]] din nyɛ tiŋgbani maa sunsuun, di yɛliŋ nyɛla {{convert|120|mi}}.<ref name="Company1980">{{cite book|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=[https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand/page/34 34]}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣ'shɛli nyɛla din be Pra mini [[Anum River|Anum]] mɔɣili sunsuun ka bɛ laɣin li boli Pra Anum Forest Reserve.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 2h2u1swp8hod3xcuvnca09jhfng28yo 0 33158 137788 2026-05-29T07:45:45Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Tain River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tain (top left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Black Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.15055|-2.12150|format=dms|type:river_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Tain River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zori [[Jaman North District]] zaŋ n-ti Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 24 year man drowns in River Tain|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=218381|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Black Volta]] ka zori kpalidi Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tain|url = http://mofa.gov.gh/site/?page_id=1385|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Brong-Ahafo Region]] jgo40wcvx7c76ieqsoha7di8b7vimt7 137789 137788 2026-05-29T07:46:21Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Tain River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tain (top left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Black Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.15055|-2.12150|format=dms|type:river_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Tain River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zori [[Jaman North District]] zaŋ n-ti Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 24 year man drowns in River Tain|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=218381|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Black Volta]] ka zori kpalidi Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tain|url = http://mofa.gov.gh/site/?page_id=1385|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Brong-Ahafo Region]] axjth6gbsrr4wptvjzol3vxw3tsemik 137790 137789 2026-05-29T07:46:43Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Tain River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tain (top left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Black Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.15055|-2.12150|format=dms|type:river_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Tain River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zori [[Jaman North District]] zaŋ n-ti Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 24 year man drowns in River Tain|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=218381|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Black Volta]] ka zori kpalidi Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tain|url = http://mofa.gov.gh/site/?page_id=1385|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Brong-Ahafo Region]] kvhaszrmv71s5ksao5mwnevp6u0zru3 137791 137790 2026-05-29T07:47:08Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Tain River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = South Ghana with the Tain (top left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Black Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.15055|-2.12150|format=dms|type:river_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Tain River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zori [[Jaman North District]] zaŋ n-ti Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 24 year man drowns in River Tain|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=218381|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Black Volta]] ka zori kpalidi Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tain|url = http://mofa.gov.gh/site/?page_id=1385|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Brong-Ahafo Region]] dpf39vfazdjmu51h43mdnyrmtr4wnzk 0 33159 137792 2026-05-29T08:26:22Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Expand French|topic=geo|Volta Noire|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox river | name = Black Volta<br>''Volta noire'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mouhoun near Dedougou MS 2234.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Black Volta (Mouhoun) near [[Dédougou]], Burkina Faso | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Black Volta shown in black | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]|[[Ghana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1352|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|41|00|N|1|33|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|147000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = (Is home to many forms of wildlife that are unique to this part of the world) }} '''Black Volta''' ŋɔ bee '''Mouhoun''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta noire'')<ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din zori yirina [[Burkina Faso]] kamani 1,352&nbsp;km (840&nbsp;mi) n-ti kpɛri [[White Volta]] din be Dagbon, [[Ghana]], Lake Volta naabu zuɣusaa.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> Di nyɛla Volta yaɣa dibaa ata la ni zaɣ'yini, dibaa ayi din pahi maa nyɛ White Volta mini [[Red Volta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Volta (Burkina Faso, 1959-1984) |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045902/https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref> Black Volta ŋɔ pili li nyɛ [[Cascades Region]] zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso ka di nyɛ din miri [[Mount Tenakourou]], tiŋgbani jilima shee. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni Ghana mini Burkina Faso tiŋgbana tarisi, yaha ka lahi di tarisi ni [[Ivory Coast]] mini Ghana. Ghana tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Savannah Region|Savannah]] mini [[Bono region|Bono]] regions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2020-08-18|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> Bui mɔɣilinyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli din tiri niɣilim buɣim ka bɛ mɛ li niŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pirigi [[Bui National Park]] wulinluhili gari.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Bui National Park|url=http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|website=Ghana Wildlife Division|accessdate=23 April 2018|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183647/http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|Black Volta River}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] {{BurkinaFaso-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} 7ix3goflr0gh9di16x1483vvof1s2a9 137793 137792 2026-05-29T08:26:58Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Infobox river | name = Black Volta<br>''Volta noire'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mouhoun near Dedougou MS 2234.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Black Volta (Mouhoun) near [[Dédougou]], Burkina Faso | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Black Volta shown in black | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]|[[Ghana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1352|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|41|00|N|1|33|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|147000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = (Is home to many forms of wildlife that are unique to this part of the world) }} '''Black Volta''' ŋɔ bee '''Mouhoun''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta noire'')<ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din zori yirina [[Burkina Faso]] kamani 1,352&nbsp;km (840&nbsp;mi) n-ti kpɛri [[White Volta]] din be Dagbon, [[Ghana]], Lake Volta naabu zuɣusaa.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> Di nyɛla Volta yaɣa dibaa ata la ni zaɣ'yini, dibaa ayi din pahi maa nyɛ White Volta mini [[Red Volta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Volta (Burkina Faso, 1959-1984) |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045902/https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref> Black Volta ŋɔ pili li nyɛ [[Cascades Region]] zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso ka di nyɛ din miri [[Mount Tenakourou]], tiŋgbani jilima shee. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni Ghana mini Burkina Faso tiŋgbana tarisi, yaha ka lahi di tarisi ni [[Ivory Coast]] mini Ghana. Ghana tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Savannah Region|Savannah]] mini [[Bono region|Bono]] regions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2020-08-18|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> Bui mɔɣilinyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli din tiri niɣilim buɣim ka bɛ mɛ li niŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pirigi [[Bui National Park]] wulinluhili gari.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Bui National Park|url=http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|website=Ghana Wildlife Division|accessdate=23 April 2018|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183647/http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|Black Volta River}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] {{BurkinaFaso-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} 6evip64g2jjviiz1mequij46wwz8h73 137794 137793 2026-05-29T08:27:36Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Black Volta<br>''Volta noire'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mouhoun near Dedougou MS 2234.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Black Volta (Mouhoun) near [[Dédougou]], Burkina Faso | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Black Volta shown in black | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]|[[Ghana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1352|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|41|00|N|1|33|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|147000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = (Is home to many forms of wildlife that are unique to this part of the world) }} '''Black Volta''' ŋɔ bee '''Mouhoun''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta noire'')<ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din zori yirina [[Burkina Faso]] kamani 1,352&nbsp;km (840&nbsp;mi) n-ti kpɛri [[White Volta]] din be Dagbon, [[Ghana]], Lake Volta naabu zuɣusaa.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> Di nyɛla Volta yaɣa dibaa ata la ni zaɣ'yini, dibaa ayi din pahi maa nyɛ White Volta mini [[Red Volta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Volta (Burkina Faso, 1959-1984) |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045902/https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref> Black Volta ŋɔ pili li nyɛ [[Cascades Region]] zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso ka di nyɛ din miri [[Mount Tenakourou]], tiŋgbani jilima shee. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni Ghana mini Burkina Faso tiŋgbana tarisi, yaha ka lahi di tarisi ni [[Ivory Coast]] mini Ghana. Ghana tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Savannah Region|Savannah]] mini [[Bono region|Bono]] regions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2020-08-18|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> Bui mɔɣilinyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli din tiri niɣilim buɣim ka bɛ mɛ li niŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pirigi [[Bui National Park]] wulinluhili gari.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Bui National Park|url=http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|website=Ghana Wildlife Division|accessdate=23 April 2018|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183647/http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|Black Volta River}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{Rivers of Burkina Faso}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] {{BurkinaFaso-river-stub}} {{Ghana-river-stub}} {{IvoryCoast-river-stub}} 17i43bajzlgjxq9vour5gq9dcngjgfj 137795 137794 2026-05-29T08:28:12Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Black Volta<br>''Volta noire'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mouhoun near Dedougou MS 2234.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Black Volta (Mouhoun) near [[Dédougou]], Burkina Faso | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Black Volta shown in black | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]|[[Ghana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1352|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|41|00|N|1|33|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|147000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = (Is home to many forms of wildlife that are unique to this part of the world) }} '''Black Volta''' ŋɔ bee '''Mouhoun''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta noire'')<ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din zori yirina [[Burkina Faso]] kamani 1,352&nbsp;km (840&nbsp;mi) n-ti kpɛri [[White Volta]] din be Dagbon, [[Ghana]], Lake Volta naabu zuɣusaa.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> Di nyɛla Volta yaɣa dibaa ata la ni zaɣ'yini, dibaa ayi din pahi maa nyɛ White Volta mini [[Red Volta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Volta (Burkina Faso, 1959-1984) |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045902/https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref> Black Volta ŋɔ pili li nyɛ [[Cascades Region]] zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso ka di nyɛ din miri [[Mount Tenakourou]], tiŋgbani jilima shee. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni Ghana mini Burkina Faso tiŋgbana tarisi, yaha ka lahi di tarisi ni [[Ivory Coast]] mini Ghana. Ghana tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Savannah Region|Savannah]] mini [[Bono region|Bono]] regions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2020-08-18|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> Bui mɔɣilinyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli din tiri niɣilim buɣim ka bɛ mɛ li niŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pirigi [[Bui National Park]] wulinluhili gari.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Bui National Park|url=http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|website=Ghana Wildlife Division|accessdate=23 April 2018|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183647/http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] 4w1eewfhsmfag3frf6kzxfqbcx6hfhj 137796 137795 2026-05-29T08:28:45Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Black Volta<br>''Volta noire'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mouhoun near Dedougou MS 2234.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Black Volta (Mouhoun) near [[Dédougou]], Burkina Faso | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Black Volta shown in black | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]|[[Ghana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1352|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|41|00|N|1|33|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|147000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = (Is home to many forms of wildlife that are unique to this part of the world) }} '''Black Volta''' ŋɔ bee '''Mouhoun''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta noire'')<ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref> nyɛla mɔɣili din zori yirina [[Burkina Faso]] kamani 1,352&nbsp;km (840&nbsp;mi) n-ti kpɛri [[White Volta]] din be Dagbon, [[Ghana]], Lake Volta naabu zuɣusaa.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> Di nyɛla Volta yaɣa dibaa ata la ni zaɣ'yini, dibaa ayi din pahi maa nyɛ White Volta mini [[Red Volta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Volta (Burkina Faso, 1959-1984) |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045902/https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref> Black Volta ŋɔ pili li nyɛ [[Cascades Region]] zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso ka di nyɛ din miri [[Mount Tenakourou]], tiŋgbani jilima shee. Di nyɛla din di tarisi ni Ghana mini Burkina Faso tiŋgbana tarisi, yaha ka lahi di tarisi ni [[Ivory Coast]] mini Ghana. Ghana tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla din di tarisi ni [[Savannah Region|Savannah]] mini [[Bono region|Bono]] regions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2020-08-18|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> Bui mɔɣilinyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli din tiri niɣilim buɣim ka bɛ mɛ li niŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pirigi [[Bui National Park]] wulinluhili gari.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Bui National Park|url=http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|website=Ghana Wildlife Division|accessdate=23 April 2018|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183647/http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Ghana–Ivory Coast border]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] cl7djwe4klxk9rp9pnc8j6no3mau74l 0 33160 137797 2026-05-29T08:33:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Infobox river | name = Red Volta<br>''Volta rouge'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Red Volta shown in red | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|320|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|73000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[White Volta]] | tributaries_right = [[White Volta]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Red Volta''' bee '''Nazinon''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta rouge'') nyɛla ko'soli din be [[West Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Red-Volta-River|title=Red Volta River {{!}} river, Africa|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/volta|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|website=www.feow.org|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165735/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Volta|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din yina miri [[Ouagadougou]] din be [[Burkina Faso]] ka di yɛliŋ nyɛ din paai kamani kilomita kɔbisita ni pishi ka di naabu shee nyɛ din tuɣi [[White Volta]] din be [[Ghana]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ pili li nyɛla Burkina Faso ka nyɛ din pahi tiŋduya tarisi ni zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso mini Ghana. Di nyɛla di nyɛla din zori kpɛrina Ghana's [[Upper East Region|Upper East region]] ka nyɛ din naari [[White Volta]]. ==References== {{reflist}} <!-- {{Coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=title|region:GH_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} {{Coord|11|06|43|N|0|44|19|W|display=title|region:BF_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} --> {{Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Border rivers]] kr21gfmj4leaa10qnihsa1xxmu4cl21 137798 137797 2026-05-29T08:34:46Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Infobox river | name = Red Volta<br>''Volta rouge'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Red Volta shown in red | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|320|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|73000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[White Volta]] | tributaries_right = [[White Volta]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Red Volta''' bee '''Nazinon''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta rouge'') nyɛla ko'soli din be [[West Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Red-Volta-River|title=Red Volta River {{!}} river, Africa|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/volta|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|website=www.feow.org|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165735/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Volta|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din yina miri [[Ouagadougou]] din be [[Burkina Faso]] ka di yɛliŋ nyɛ din paai kamani kilomita kɔbisita ni pishi ka di naabu shee nyɛ din tuɣi [[White Volta]] din be [[Ghana]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ pili li nyɛla Burkina Faso ka nyɛ din pahi tiŋduya tarisi ni zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso mini Ghana. Di nyɛla di nyɛla din zori kpɛrina Ghana's [[Upper East Region|Upper East region]] ka nyɛ din naari [[White Volta]]. ==References== {{reflist}} <!-- {{Coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=title|region:GH_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} {{Coord|11|06|43|N|0|44|19|W|display=title|region:BF_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} --> [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Border rivers]] sfpqw867rb54z9aazpjr91faz0pcn7a 137799 137798 2026-05-29T08:35:08Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Infobox river | name = Red Volta<br>''Volta rouge'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Red Volta shown in red | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|320|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|73000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[White Volta]] | tributaries_right = [[White Volta]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Red Volta''' bee '''Nazinon''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta rouge'') nyɛla ko'soli din be [[West Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Red-Volta-River|title=Red Volta River {{!}} river, Africa|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/volta|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|website=www.feow.org|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165735/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Volta|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din yina miri [[Ouagadougou]] din be [[Burkina Faso]] ka di yɛliŋ nyɛ din paai kamani kilomita kɔbisita ni pishi ka di naabu shee nyɛ din tuɣi [[White Volta]] din be [[Ghana]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ pili li nyɛla Burkina Faso ka nyɛ din pahi tiŋduya tarisi ni zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso mini Ghana. Di nyɛla di nyɛla din zori kpɛrina Ghana's [[Upper East Region|Upper East region]] ka nyɛ din naari [[White Volta]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} <!-- {{Coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=title|region:GH_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} {{Coord|11|06|43|N|0|44|19|W|display=title|region:BF_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} --> [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Border rivers]] njhbmfa012vcpjptqv8378o9tpw6v6v 137800 137799 2026-05-29T08:35:46Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Burkina Faso and Ghana}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Red Volta<br>''Volta rouge'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Red Volta shown in red | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|320|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|73000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[White Volta]] | tributaries_right = [[White Volta]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Red Volta''' bee '''Nazinon''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Volta rouge'') nyɛla ko'soli din be [[West Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Red-Volta-River|title=Red Volta River {{!}} river, Africa|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/volta|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|website=www.feow.org|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165735/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Volta|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di nyɛla din yina miri [[Ouagadougou]] din be [[Burkina Faso]] ka di yɛliŋ nyɛ din paai kamani kilomita kɔbisita ni pishi ka di naabu shee nyɛ din tuɣi [[White Volta]] din be [[Ghana]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ pili li nyɛla Burkina Faso ka nyɛ din pahi tiŋduya tarisi ni zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso mini Ghana. Di nyɛla di nyɛla din zori kpɛrina Ghana's [[Upper East Region|Upper East region]] ka nyɛ din naari [[White Volta]]. ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} <!-- {{Coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=title|region:GH_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} {{Coord|11|06|43|N|0|44|19|W|display=title|region:BF_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} --> [[Category:Volta River]] [[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] [[Category:Burkina Faso–Ghana border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Border rivers]] 0vuipx9fvzj6vbas4604slbgxjgv748 0 33161 137801 2026-05-29T08:39:21Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kulpawn River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Kulpawn (centre bottom left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[White Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|51|N|1|04|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Kulpawn River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'kara din be Ghana wulinpuhili la zaɣ'yini, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] mini [[Sisili River]]s. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Wa Municipal District]].<ref name="Wilks2002">{{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Ivor|title=Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Yyzg-R8ikC&pg=PA10|date=4 July 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89434-0|page=10}}</ref> Binshɛli din tooi be Kulpawn pam nyɛ Wahabu ka di nyɛ niriba pam ni tooi mi shɛli pirinla noobihi balibu nyɛla ban be ni viɛnyɛla zuɣu.<ref name="Briggs2014">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShVTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA474|date=4 January 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-478-5|page=474}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Gbele Resource Centre]] bin din gbaai di nudirigu zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gbele Resource Reserve (text)". |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gbele-resource-reserve-iba-ghana/text |website=www.birdlife.org |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} <!--{{coord|10.3308|-1.0828|type:river_region:GH|format=dms|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 8lg8dzt230b1639stsytau1bl8litqp 137802 137801 2026-05-29T08:39:44Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kulpawn River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Kulpawn (centre bottom left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[White Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|51|N|1|04|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Kulpawn River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'kara din be Ghana wulinpuhili la zaɣ'yini, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] mini [[Sisili River]]s. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Wa Municipal District]].<ref name="Wilks2002">{{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Ivor|title=Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Yyzg-R8ikC&pg=PA10|date=4 July 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89434-0|page=10}}</ref> Binshɛli din tooi be Kulpawn pam nyɛ Wahabu ka di nyɛ niriba pam ni tooi mi shɛli pirinla noobihi balibu nyɛla ban be ni viɛnyɛla zuɣu.<ref name="Briggs2014">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShVTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA474|date=4 January 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-478-5|page=474}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Gbele Resource Centre]] bin din gbaai di nudirigu zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gbele Resource Reserve (text)". |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gbele-resource-reserve-iba-ghana/text |website=www.birdlife.org |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} <!--{{coord|10.3308|-1.0828|type:river_region:GH|format=dms|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] q8qaaoeo0t6u6wul3grlyo84jcm5g5t 137803 137802 2026-05-29T08:40:06Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kulpawn River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Kulpawn (centre bottom left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[White Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|51|N|1|04|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Kulpawn River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'kara din be Ghana wulinpuhili la zaɣ'yini, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] mini [[Sisili River]]s. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Wa Municipal District]].<ref name="Wilks2002">{{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Ivor|title=Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Yyzg-R8ikC&pg=PA10|date=4 July 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89434-0|page=10}}</ref> Binshɛli din tooi be Kulpawn pam nyɛ Wahabu ka di nyɛ niriba pam ni tooi mi shɛli pirinla noobihi balibu nyɛla ban be ni viɛnyɛla zuɣu.<ref name="Briggs2014">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShVTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA474|date=4 January 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-478-5|page=474}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Gbele Resource Centre]] bin din gbaai di nudirigu zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gbele Resource Reserve (text)". |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gbele-resource-reserve-iba-ghana/text |website=www.birdlife.org |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} <!--{{coord|10.3308|-1.0828|type:river_region:GH|format=dms|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] ilszmdeljorfsbyoah1zi88ejmw8pku 137804 137803 2026-05-29T08:40:46Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Kulpawn River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Kulpawn (centre bottom left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[White Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|51|N|1|04|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Kulpawn River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'kara din be Ghana wulinpuhili la zaɣ'yini, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] mini [[Sisili River]]s. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Wa Municipal District]].<ref name="Wilks2002">{{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Ivor|title=Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Yyzg-R8ikC&pg=PA10|date=4 July 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89434-0|page=10}}</ref> Binshɛli din tooi be Kulpawn pam nyɛ Wahabu ka di nyɛ niriba pam ni tooi mi shɛli pirinla noobihi balibu nyɛla ban be ni viɛnyɛla zuɣu.<ref name="Briggs2014">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShVTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA474|date=4 January 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-478-5|page=474}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Gbele Resource Centre]] bin din gbaai di nudirigu zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gbele Resource Reserve (text)". |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gbele-resource-reserve-iba-ghana/text |website=www.birdlife.org |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} <!--{{coord|10.3308|-1.0828|type:river_region:GH|format=dms|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] psad3k3v71ogv68gmb65lzs1usbhq5u 137805 137804 2026-05-29T08:45:59Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Kulpawn River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Kulpawn (centre bottom left) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[White Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|51|N|1|04|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Kulpawn River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'kara din be Ghana wulinpuhili la zaɣ'yini, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta]] mini [[Sisili River]]s. Di nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Wa Municipal District]].<ref name="Wilks2002">{{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Ivor|title=Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Yyzg-R8ikC&pg=PA10|date=4 July 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89434-0|page=10}}</ref> Binshɛli din tooi be Kulpawn pam nyɛ Wahabu ka di nyɛ niriba pam ni tooi mi shɛli pirinla noobihi balibu nyɛla ban be ni viɛnyɛla zuɣu.<ref name="Briggs2014">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShVTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA474|date=4 January 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-478-5|page=474}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Gbele Resource Centre]] bin din gbaai di nudirigu zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gbele Resource Reserve (text)". |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gbele-resource-reserve-iba-ghana/text |website=www.birdlife.org |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} <!--{{coord|10.3308|-1.0828|type:river_region:GH|format=dms|display=title}}--> [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 29wt0mh06p8ifzj6wwq8ejgmm9g07pi 0 33162 137806 2026-05-29T08:49:42Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sisili River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Sisili (left center) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|16|36|N|1|14|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kulpawn River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sisili River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be Ghana wulinpuhili polo, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] mini [[Kulpawn River]]s. Taarihi wuhiya ni, [[Nakong]] yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Sisili River, di nyɛla din tabi "[[Zarma people|Zabarima]] ka nyɛ din piligi Gazare mini Babatu".<ref name="AnquandahDoortmont2007">{{cite book|last1=Anquandah|first1=James|last2=Doortmont|first2=Michel|last3=Opoku-Agyemang|first3=Naana Jane|title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations : Proceedings of the International Conference on Historic Slave Route Held at Accra, Ghana on 30 August-2 September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHnaAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=978-9988-647-73-5|page=194}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{coord|10.2768|N|1.2417|W|format=dms|type:river_region:GH_source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] rzmwrq327g52654ex8i28oxx4ekhzgn 137807 137806 2026-05-29T08:50:33Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sisili River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Sisili (left center) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|16|36|N|1|14|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kulpawn River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sisili River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be Ghana wulinpuhili polo, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta]] mini [[Kulpawn River]]s. Taarihi wuhiya ni, [[Nakong]] yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Sisili River, di nyɛla din tabi "[[Zarma people|Zabarima]] ka nyɛ din piligi Gazare mini Babatu".<ref name="AnquandahDoortmont2007">{{cite book|last1=Anquandah|first1=James|last2=Doortmont|first2=Michel|last3=Opoku-Agyemang|first3=Naana Jane|title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations : Proceedings of the International Conference on Historic Slave Route Held at Accra, Ghana on 30 August-2 September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHnaAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=978-9988-647-73-5|page=194}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Ghana}} {{coord|10.2768|N|1.2417|W|format=dms|type:river_region:GH_source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] l5k8hjl689tq9crqnl8q1ojbwu8j1st 137808 137807 2026-05-29T08:50:50Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sisili River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Sisili (left center) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|16|36|N|1|14|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kulpawn River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sisili River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be Ghana wulinpuhili polo, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta]] mini [[Kulpawn River]]s. Taarihi wuhiya ni, [[Nakong]] yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Sisili River, di nyɛla din tabi "[[Zarma people|Zabarima]] ka nyɛ din piligi Gazare mini Babatu".<ref name="AnquandahDoortmont2007">{{cite book|last1=Anquandah|first1=James|last2=Doortmont|first2=Michel|last3=Opoku-Agyemang|first3=Naana Jane|title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations : Proceedings of the International Conference on Historic Slave Route Held at Accra, Ghana on 30 August-2 September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHnaAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=978-9988-647-73-5|page=194}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{coord|10.2768|N|1.2417|W|format=dms|type:river_region:GH_source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 8bm2ki1wlgdpw52flfe57dwyyslrc94 137809 137808 2026-05-29T08:51:15Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sisili River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Sisili (left center) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|16|36|N|1|14|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kulpawn River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sisili River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be Ghana wulinpuhili polo, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta]] mini [[Kulpawn River]]s. Taarihi wuhiya ni, [[Nakong]] yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Sisili River, di nyɛla din tabi "[[Zarma people|Zabarima]] ka nyɛ din piligi Gazare mini Babatu".<ref name="AnquandahDoortmont2007">{{cite book|last1=Anquandah|first1=James|last2=Doortmont|first2=Michel|last3=Opoku-Agyemang|first3=Naana Jane|title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations : Proceedings of the International Conference on Historic Slave Route Held at Accra, Ghana on 30 August-2 September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHnaAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=978-9988-647-73-5|page=194}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} {{coord|10.2768|N|1.2417|W|format=dms|type:river_region:GH_source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] ejulsfc5hqlazmc1skwqs3gpw3egsqm 137810 137809 2026-05-29T08:51:55Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Sisili River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = The main tributaries of the White Volta with the Sisili (left center) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|16|36|N|1|14|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kulpawn River]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Sisili River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be Ghana wulinpuhili polo, mɔɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ shɛŋa nyɛ [[Black Volta]] mini [[Kulpawn River]]s. Taarihi wuhiya ni, [[Nakong]] yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Sisili River, di nyɛla din tabi "[[Zarma people|Zabarima]] ka nyɛ din piligi Gazare mini Babatu".<ref name="AnquandahDoortmont2007">{{cite book|last1=Anquandah|first1=James|last2=Doortmont|first2=Michel|last3=Opoku-Agyemang|first3=Naana Jane|title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations : Proceedings of the International Conference on Historic Slave Route Held at Accra, Ghana on 30 August-2 September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHnaAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=978-9988-647-73-5|page=194}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{reflist}} {{coord|10.2768|N|1.2417|W|format=dms|type:river_region:GH_source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana]] 63irqdk9cp02oxwmu687e5kg5vmcxqz 0 33163 137811 2026-05-29T08:59:30Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|None}} Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be '''[[Ghana]] yuya'''. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din pin doli din di tarisi ni taba shɛm. ==[[Ghana ]]== [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|right|250px|The Pra River system]] *[[Bia River]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Tano River]]<ref name=":0"/> **[[Nini River]] *[[Ankobra River]]<ref name=":0" /> *[[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802045427/http://wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 2, 2016|title=Pra Basin » Water Resources Commission Of Ghana|website=www.wrc-gh.org|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> **[[Ofin River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River|title=Pra {{!}} river, Ghana|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Birim River]] [http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/12/birim-river-taking-shape-after-galamsey-fight-photos/] **[[Anum River]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Profile of Major Rivers in Ghana|publisher=Ghana Maritime Authority|year=2017}}</ref> *[[Ayensu River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/october-4th/3-students-drown-in-river-ayensu.php|title=3 students drown in River Ayensu|date=2017-10-04|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> *[[Densu River]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/river-densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|date=2018-05-22|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Volta River]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|250px|The Volta river system]] **[[Angongwi]] **[[Todzie River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.geoview.info/todzie,2294524|title=Todzie stream, Ghana|website=gh.geoview.info|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Lake Volta]] ***[[Afram River]] ***[[River Asukawkaw]] ***[[Oti River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Mo River]] ***[[Atakora River]] ***[[Sene River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/river-seine/|title=River Seine {{!}} News Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ***[[Daka River]] ***[[Pru River]] ***[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River) ****[[Tain River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/24-year-man-drowns-in-River-Tain-218381|title=24 year man drowns in River Tain|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> ***[[White Volta]] (Nakambé) ****[[Kulpawn River]] *****[[Sisili River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbcghana.com/1.2014630|title=Construction of a temporal bridge over River Sissili to begin in earnest|last=Adjorlolo|first=Ruth Abla|website=www.gbcghana.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon) == See also == * [[Geography of Ghana]] * {{commons-inline|Category:Rivers of Ghana|Rivers of Ghana}} ==References== {{Reflist}} *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ghana_pol_2007.jpg Central Intelligence Agency, 2007] * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes of Ghana] Countries Studies, U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2010-07-04 *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] {{Rivers of Ghana|state=uncollapsed}} {{Ghana topics}} {{Africa topic|List of rivers of|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana|*]] [[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Ghana]] [[Category:Lists of landforms of Ghana]] fiowxriuj1tj1oddof6229ywobb0lrp 137812 137811 2026-05-29T09:00:15Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|None}} Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be '''[[Ghana]] yuya'''. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din pin doli din di tarisi ni taba shɛm. ==[[Ghana ]]== [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|right|250px|The Pra River system]] *[[Bia River]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Tano River]]<ref name=":0"/> **[[Nini River]] *[[Ankobra River]]<ref name=":0" /> *[[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802045427/http://wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 2, 2016|title=Pra Basin » Water Resources Commission Of Ghana|website=www.wrc-gh.org|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> **[[Ofin River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River|title=Pra {{!}} river, Ghana|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Birim River]] [http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/12/birim-river-taking-shape-after-galamsey-fight-photos/] **[[Anum River]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Profile of Major Rivers in Ghana|publisher=Ghana Maritime Authority|year=2017}}</ref> *[[Ayensu River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/october-4th/3-students-drown-in-river-ayensu.php|title=3 students drown in River Ayensu|date=2017-10-04|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> *[[Densu River]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/river-densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|date=2018-05-22|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Volta River]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|250px|The Volta river system]] **[[Angongwi]] **[[Todzie River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.geoview.info/todzie,2294524|title=Todzie stream, Ghana|website=gh.geoview.info|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Lake Volta]] ***[[Afram River]] ***[[River Asukawkaw]] ***[[Oti River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Mo River]] ***[[Atakora River]] ***[[Sene River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/river-seine/|title=River Seine {{!}} News Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ***[[Daka River]] ***[[Pru River]] ***[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River) ****[[Tain River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/24-year-man-drowns-in-River-Tain-218381|title=24 year man drowns in River Tain|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> ***[[White Volta]] (Nakambé) ****[[Kulpawn River]] *****[[Sisili River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbcghana.com/1.2014630|title=Construction of a temporal bridge over River Sissili to begin in earnest|last=Adjorlolo|first=Ruth Abla|website=www.gbcghana.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon) == See also == * [[Geography of Ghana]] * {{commons-inline|Category:Rivers of Ghana|Rivers of Ghana}} ==References== {{Reflist}} *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ghana_pol_2007.jpg Central Intelligence Agency, 2007] * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes of Ghana] Countries Studies, U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2010-07-04 *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] {{Ghana topics}} {{Africa topic|List of rivers of|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana|*]] [[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Ghana]] [[Category:Lists of landforms of Ghana]] qq7jl86en8ko3ps0s8sz4kr352ymm5a 137813 137812 2026-05-29T09:00:39Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|None}} Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be '''[[Ghana]] yuya'''. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din pin doli din di tarisi ni taba shɛm. ==[[Ghana ]]== [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|right|250px|The Pra River system]] *[[Bia River]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Tano River]]<ref name=":0"/> **[[Nini River]] *[[Ankobra River]]<ref name=":0" /> *[[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802045427/http://wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 2, 2016|title=Pra Basin » Water Resources Commission Of Ghana|website=www.wrc-gh.org|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> **[[Ofin River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River|title=Pra {{!}} river, Ghana|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Birim River]] [http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/12/birim-river-taking-shape-after-galamsey-fight-photos/] **[[Anum River]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Profile of Major Rivers in Ghana|publisher=Ghana Maritime Authority|year=2017}}</ref> *[[Ayensu River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/october-4th/3-students-drown-in-river-ayensu.php|title=3 students drown in River Ayensu|date=2017-10-04|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> *[[Densu River]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/river-densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|date=2018-05-22|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Volta River]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|250px|The Volta river system]] **[[Angongwi]] **[[Todzie River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.geoview.info/todzie,2294524|title=Todzie stream, Ghana|website=gh.geoview.info|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Lake Volta]] ***[[Afram River]] ***[[River Asukawkaw]] ***[[Oti River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Mo River]] ***[[Atakora River]] ***[[Sene River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/river-seine/|title=River Seine {{!}} News Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ***[[Daka River]] ***[[Pru River]] ***[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River) ****[[Tain River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/24-year-man-drowns-in-River-Tain-218381|title=24 year man drowns in River Tain|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> ***[[White Volta]] (Nakambé) ****[[Kulpawn River]] *****[[Sisili River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbcghana.com/1.2014630|title=Construction of a temporal bridge over River Sissili to begin in earnest|last=Adjorlolo|first=Ruth Abla|website=www.gbcghana.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon) == See also == * [[Geography of Ghana]] * {{commons-inline|Category:Rivers of Ghana|Rivers of Ghana}} ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ghana_pol_2007.jpg Central Intelligence Agency, 2007] * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes of Ghana] Countries Studies, U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2010-07-04 *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] {{Ghana topics}} {{Africa topic|List of rivers of|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana|*]] [[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Ghana]] [[Category:Lists of landforms of Ghana]] 413ja7t2vw5vpu1ry0ic7gkrk7oqupf 137814 137813 2026-05-29T09:01:06Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* See also */ Updated Content 137814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|None}} Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be '''[[Ghana]] yuya'''. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din pin doli din di tarisi ni taba shɛm. ==[[Ghana ]]== [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|right|250px|The Pra River system]] *[[Bia River]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Tano River]]<ref name=":0"/> **[[Nini River]] *[[Ankobra River]]<ref name=":0" /> *[[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802045427/http://wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 2, 2016|title=Pra Basin » Water Resources Commission Of Ghana|website=www.wrc-gh.org|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> **[[Ofin River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River|title=Pra {{!}} river, Ghana|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Birim River]] [http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/12/birim-river-taking-shape-after-galamsey-fight-photos/] **[[Anum River]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Profile of Major Rivers in Ghana|publisher=Ghana Maritime Authority|year=2017}}</ref> *[[Ayensu River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/october-4th/3-students-drown-in-river-ayensu.php|title=3 students drown in River Ayensu|date=2017-10-04|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> *[[Densu River]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/river-densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|date=2018-05-22|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Volta River]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|250px|The Volta river system]] **[[Angongwi]] **[[Todzie River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.geoview.info/todzie,2294524|title=Todzie stream, Ghana|website=gh.geoview.info|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Lake Volta]] ***[[Afram River]] ***[[River Asukawkaw]] ***[[Oti River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Mo River]] ***[[Atakora River]] ***[[Sene River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/river-seine/|title=River Seine {{!}} News Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ***[[Daka River]] ***[[Pru River]] ***[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River) ****[[Tain River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/24-year-man-drowns-in-River-Tain-218381|title=24 year man drowns in River Tain|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> ***[[White Volta]] (Nakambé) ****[[Kulpawn River]] *****[[Sisili River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbcghana.com/1.2014630|title=Construction of a temporal bridge over River Sissili to begin in earnest|last=Adjorlolo|first=Ruth Abla|website=www.gbcghana.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon) == See also == * [[Geography of Ghana]] ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ghana_pol_2007.jpg Central Intelligence Agency, 2007] * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes of Ghana] Countries Studies, U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2010-07-04 *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] {{Ghana topics}} {{Africa topic|List of rivers of|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana|*]] [[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Ghana]] [[Category:Lists of landforms of Ghana]] mmtf1bunr6vqaxhizg36agoqcwnxzac 137815 137814 2026-05-29T09:01:30Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* See also */ Updated Content 137815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|None}} Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be '''[[Ghana]] yuya'''. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din pin doli din di tarisi ni taba shɛm. ==[[Ghana ]]== [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|right|250px|The Pra River system]] *[[Bia River]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Tano River]]<ref name=":0"/> **[[Nini River]] *[[Ankobra River]]<ref name=":0" /> *[[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802045427/http://wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 2, 2016|title=Pra Basin » Water Resources Commission Of Ghana|website=www.wrc-gh.org|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> **[[Ofin River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River|title=Pra {{!}} river, Ghana|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Birim River]] [http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/12/birim-river-taking-shape-after-galamsey-fight-photos/] **[[Anum River]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Profile of Major Rivers in Ghana|publisher=Ghana Maritime Authority|year=2017}}</ref> *[[Ayensu River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/october-4th/3-students-drown-in-river-ayensu.php|title=3 students drown in River Ayensu|date=2017-10-04|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> *[[Densu River]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/river-densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|date=2018-05-22|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Volta River]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|250px|The Volta river system]] **[[Angongwi]] **[[Todzie River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.geoview.info/todzie,2294524|title=Todzie stream, Ghana|website=gh.geoview.info|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Lake Volta]] ***[[Afram River]] ***[[River Asukawkaw]] ***[[Oti River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Mo River]] ***[[Atakora River]] ***[[Sene River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/river-seine/|title=River Seine {{!}} News Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ***[[Daka River]] ***[[Pru River]] ***[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River) ****[[Tain River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/24-year-man-drowns-in-River-Tain-218381|title=24 year man drowns in River Tain|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> ***[[White Volta]] (Nakambé) ****[[Kulpawn River]] *****[[Sisili River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbcghana.com/1.2014630|title=Construction of a temporal bridge over River Sissili to begin in earnest|last=Adjorlolo|first=Ruth Abla|website=www.gbcghana.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon) == Lihimi m pahi == * [[Geography of Ghana]] ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ghana_pol_2007.jpg Central Intelligence Agency, 2007] * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes of Ghana] Countries Studies, U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2010-07-04 *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] {{Ghana topics}} {{Africa topic|List of rivers of|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana|*]] [[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Ghana]] [[Category:Lists of landforms of Ghana]] qnnivvphuqh0hr4lmfoy9llxf6w6fuj 137816 137815 2026-05-29T09:02:15Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|None}} {{Databox}} Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din be '''[[Ghana]] yuya'''. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din pin doli din di tarisi ni taba shɛm. ==[[Ghana ]]== [[Image:Pra River.gif|thumb|right|250px|The Pra River system]] *[[Bia River]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Tano River]]<ref name=":0"/> **[[Nini River]] *[[Ankobra River]]<ref name=":0" /> *[[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802045427/http://wrc-gh.org/basins/pra-basin/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 2, 2016|title=Pra Basin » Water Resources Commission Of Ghana|website=www.wrc-gh.org|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> **[[Ofin River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River|title=Pra {{!}} river, Ghana|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Birim River]] [http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/12/birim-river-taking-shape-after-galamsey-fight-photos/] **[[Anum River]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Profile of Major Rivers in Ghana|publisher=Ghana Maritime Authority|year=2017}}</ref> *[[Ayensu River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/october-4th/3-students-drown-in-river-ayensu.php|title=3 students drown in River Ayensu|date=2017-10-04|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> *[[Densu River]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/river-densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|date=2018-05-22|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> *[[Volta River]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|250px|The Volta river system]] **[[Angongwi]] **[[Todzie River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.geoview.info/todzie,2294524|title=Todzie stream, Ghana|website=gh.geoview.info|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> **[[Lake Volta]] ***[[Afram River]] ***[[River Asukawkaw]] ***[[Oti River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html|title=The Major Rivers Of Ghana|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Mo River]] ***[[Atakora River]] ***[[Sene River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/river-seine/|title=River Seine {{!}} News Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ***[[Daka River]] ***[[Pru River]] ***[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River) ****[[Tain River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/24-year-man-drowns-in-River-Tain-218381|title=24 year man drowns in River Tain|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> ***[[White Volta]] (Nakambé) ****[[Kulpawn River]] *****[[Sisili River]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbcghana.com/1.2014630|title=Construction of a temporal bridge over River Sissili to begin in earnest|last=Adjorlolo|first=Ruth Abla|website=www.gbcghana.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> ****[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon) == Lihimi m pahi == * [[Geography of Ghana]] ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ghana_pol_2007.jpg Central Intelligence Agency, 2007] * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes of Ghana] Countries Studies, U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2010-07-04 *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] {{Ghana topics}} {{Africa topic|List of rivers of|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers of Ghana}} [[Category:Rivers of Ghana|*]] [[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Ghana]] [[Category:Lists of landforms of Ghana]] dm058ceskt8fzafnp7cbiqqvvfjbw62 0 33164 137817 2026-05-29T09:07:57Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Benin}} [[File:Fleuve Okpara.jpg|thumb|The waters of the Okpara River in Benin<ref>{{Cite web |last=Limited |first=Alamy |title=Okpara river hi-res stock photography and images |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/okpara-river.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Alamy |language=en}}</ref>]] [[File:Les rives du Fleuve Okpara au Bénin.jpg|thumb|Okpara River]] '''Okpara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> Di nyɛla din piligi [[Borgou Department]] ka nyɛ din zori kpari wulinluhili ka nyɛ din be [[Nigeria]] mini [[Benin]] tiŋgbana tarisi ka lahi zori kpɛri [[Ouémé River]], di nyɛla din zori naari [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Guo2006">{{cite book|last=Guo|first=Rongxing|title=Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5Le627xQLgC&pg=PA199|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=6 September 2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-445-5|page=199}}</ref> Tiŋkpansi din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili ka nyɛ [[Benin]] tiŋgbani mini [[Nigeria]] tiŋgbani nyɛla ban kuli mali nangbankpeeni saha kam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_okpara,501255117n |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Okpara River, Benin - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1927448&fid=722&c=benin |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=geographic.org}}</ref> == Pollution == Lahabali nyɛla din wuhi ni '''Okpara River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edorh |first=P. A. |last2=Agonkpahoun |first2=E. |last3=Gnandi |first3=K. |last4=Guedenon |first4=P. |last5=Koumolou |first5=L. |last6=Amoussou |first6=C. |last7=Ayedoun |first7=A. M. |last8=Boko |first8=M. |last9=Gbeassor |first9=M. |last10=Rihn |first10=M. H. |last11=Creppy |first11=E. E. |date=2009 |title=An assessment of the contamination of Achatina achatina by toxic metals in Okpara village (Benin) |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/53542 |journal=International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |doi=10.4314/ijbcs.v3i6.53542 |issn=1997-342X|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Climate == Okpara River nyɛla ko'soli din be Nigeria. Di nyɛla din paai kamani mita pisopɔin ni anu. Di nyɛla din mali tarisi kamani 7°45'0" N mini 2°28'60" E in DMS bee 7.75 mini 2.48333.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara (Okpara River) Map, Weather and Photos - Nigeria: stream - Lat:7.75 and Long:2.48333 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/nigeria/nigeria_(general)/_okpara_river/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.getamap.net}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|6|26|N|2|33|E|display=title|region:BJ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Benin–Nigeria border]] oup2u4caf7du6m4xjmvqlx94bohmfrb 137818 137817 2026-05-29T09:08:28Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Pollution */ Updated Content 137818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Benin}} [[File:Fleuve Okpara.jpg|thumb|The waters of the Okpara River in Benin<ref>{{Cite web |last=Limited |first=Alamy |title=Okpara river hi-res stock photography and images |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/okpara-river.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Alamy |language=en}}</ref>]] [[File:Les rives du Fleuve Okpara au Bénin.jpg|thumb|Okpara River]] '''Okpara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> Di nyɛla din piligi [[Borgou Department]] ka nyɛ din zori kpari wulinluhili ka nyɛ din be [[Nigeria]] mini [[Benin]] tiŋgbana tarisi ka lahi zori kpɛri [[Ouémé River]], di nyɛla din zori naari [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Guo2006">{{cite book|last=Guo|first=Rongxing|title=Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5Le627xQLgC&pg=PA199|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=6 September 2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-445-5|page=199}}</ref> Tiŋkpansi din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili ka nyɛ [[Benin]] tiŋgbani mini [[Nigeria]] tiŋgbani nyɛla ban kuli mali nangbankpeeni saha kam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_okpara,501255117n |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Okpara River, Benin - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1927448&fid=722&c=benin |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=geographic.org}}</ref> == Gabisibu == Lahabali nyɛla din wuhi ni '''Okpara River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edorh |first=P. A. |last2=Agonkpahoun |first2=E. |last3=Gnandi |first3=K. |last4=Guedenon |first4=P. |last5=Koumolou |first5=L. |last6=Amoussou |first6=C. |last7=Ayedoun |first7=A. M. |last8=Boko |first8=M. |last9=Gbeassor |first9=M. |last10=Rihn |first10=M. H. |last11=Creppy |first11=E. E. |date=2009 |title=An assessment of the contamination of Achatina achatina by toxic metals in Okpara village (Benin) |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/53542 |journal=International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |doi=10.4314/ijbcs.v3i6.53542 |issn=1997-342X|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Climate == Okpara River nyɛla ko'soli din be Nigeria. Di nyɛla din paai kamani mita pisopɔin ni anu. Di nyɛla din mali tarisi kamani 7°45'0" N mini 2°28'60" E in DMS bee 7.75 mini 2.48333.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara (Okpara River) Map, Weather and Photos - Nigeria: stream - Lat:7.75 and Long:2.48333 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/nigeria/nigeria_(general)/_okpara_river/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.getamap.net}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|6|26|N|2|33|E|display=title|region:BJ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Benin–Nigeria border]] nb9v5mgm6f146qikkgr853s9u55rc27 137819 137818 2026-05-29T09:13:16Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Benin}} [[File:Fleuve Okpara.jpg|thumb|The waters of the Okpara River in Benin<ref>{{Cite web |last=Limited |first=Alamy |title=Okpara river hi-res stock photography and images |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/okpara-river.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Alamy |language=en}}</ref>]] [[File:Les rives du Fleuve Okpara au Bénin.jpg|thumb|Okpara River]] '''Okpara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> Di nyɛla din piligi [[Borgou Department]] ka nyɛ din zori kpari wulinluhili ka nyɛ din be [[Nigeria]] mini [[Benin]] tiŋgbana tarisi ka lahi zori kpɛri [[Ouémé River]], di nyɛla din zori naari [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Guo2006">{{cite book|last=Guo|first=Rongxing|title=Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5Le627xQLgC&pg=PA199|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=6 September 2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-445-5|page=199}}</ref> Tiŋkpansi din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili ka nyɛ [[Benin]] tiŋgbani mini [[Nigeria]] tiŋgbani nyɛla ban kuli mali nangbankpeeni saha kam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_okpara,501255117n |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Okpara River, Benin - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1927448&fid=722&c=benin |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=geographic.org}}</ref> == Gabisibu == Lahabali nyɛla din wuhi ni '''Okpara River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edorh |first=P. A. |last2=Agonkpahoun |first2=E. |last3=Gnandi |first3=K. |last4=Guedenon |first4=P. |last5=Koumolou |first5=L. |last6=Amoussou |first6=C. |last7=Ayedoun |first7=A. M. |last8=Boko |first8=M. |last9=Gbeassor |first9=M. |last10=Rihn |first10=M. H. |last11=Creppy |first11=E. E. |date=2009 |title=An assessment of the contamination of Achatina achatina by toxic metals in Okpara village (Benin) |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/53542 |journal=International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |doi=10.4314/ijbcs.v3i6.53542 |issn=1997-342X|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Climate == Okpara River nyɛla ko'soli din be Nigeria. Di nyɛla din paai kamani mita pisopɔin ni anu. Di nyɛla din mali tarisi kamani 7°45'0" N mini 2°28'60" E in DMS bee 7.75 mini 2.48333.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara (Okpara River) Map, Weather and Photos - Nigeria: stream - Lat:7.75 and Long:2.48333 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/nigeria/nigeria_(general)/_okpara_river/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.getamap.net}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{coord|6|26|N|2|33|E|display=title|region:BJ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Benin–Nigeria border]] nkwf1pslnsa72ea0h8zcmna3q7082ly 137820 137819 2026-05-29T09:17:23Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|River in Benin}} {{Databox}} [[File:Fleuve Okpara.jpg|thumb|The waters of the Okpara River in Benin<ref>{{Cite web |last=Limited |first=Alamy |title=Okpara river hi-res stock photography and images |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/okpara-river.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Alamy |language=en}}</ref>]] [[File:Les rives du Fleuve Okpara au Bénin.jpg|thumb|Okpara River]] '''Okpara River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> Di nyɛla din piligi [[Borgou Department]] ka nyɛ din zori kpari wulinluhili ka nyɛ din be [[Nigeria]] mini [[Benin]] tiŋgbana tarisi ka lahi zori kpɛri [[Ouémé River]], di nyɛla din zori naari [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Guo2006">{{cite book|last=Guo|first=Rongxing|title=Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5Le627xQLgC&pg=PA199|accessdate=30 April 2012|date=6 September 2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-445-5|page=199}}</ref> Tiŋkpansi din be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili ka nyɛ [[Benin]] tiŋgbani mini [[Nigeria]] tiŋgbani nyɛla ban kuli mali nangbankpeeni saha kam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_okpara,501255117n |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Okpara River, Benin - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1927448&fid=722&c=benin |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=geographic.org}}</ref> == Gabisibu == Lahabali nyɛla din wuhi ni '''Okpara River''' nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli kɔriti ni kpɛ gabi .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edorh |first=P. A. |last2=Agonkpahoun |first2=E. |last3=Gnandi |first3=K. |last4=Guedenon |first4=P. |last5=Koumolou |first5=L. |last6=Amoussou |first6=C. |last7=Ayedoun |first7=A. M. |last8=Boko |first8=M. |last9=Gbeassor |first9=M. |last10=Rihn |first10=M. H. |last11=Creppy |first11=E. E. |date=2009 |title=An assessment of the contamination of Achatina achatina by toxic metals in Okpara village (Benin) |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/53542 |journal=International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |doi=10.4314/ijbcs.v3i6.53542 |issn=1997-342X|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Climate == Okpara River nyɛla ko'soli din be Nigeria. Di nyɛla din paai kamani mita pisopɔin ni anu. Di nyɛla din mali tarisi kamani 7°45'0" N mini 2°28'60" E in DMS bee 7.75 mini 2.48333.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Okpara (Okpara River) Map, Weather and Photos - Nigeria: stream - Lat:7.75 and Long:2.48333 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/nigeria/nigeria_(general)/_okpara_river/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.getamap.net}}</ref> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} {{coord|6|26|N|2|33|E|display=title|region:BJ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Benin–Nigeria border]] niekzgjos0na52r935pdtd7mfbw3klp 0 33165 137821 2026-05-29T09:24:03Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. [[Ogun State]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==History== [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] qui8l153gd5rwjyi1jvyqjawvm9ymsn 137823 137821 2026-05-29T09:26:22Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* History */ Updated Content 137823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. [[Ogun State]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==Taarihi == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] 0u6zilpf4tebozb8v2ytbd60ynewdsn 137824 137823 2026-05-29T09:27:24Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Gallery */ Updated Content 137824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. [[Ogun State]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==Taarihi == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Afoonima == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] el16j51ecs701ax3pk84k3tgirr6eyu 137825 137824 2026-05-29T09:28:29Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. [[Ogun State]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==Taarihi == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Afoonima == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] o5obzpczzw28hz32y9u7mowxzofujx5 137826 137825 2026-05-29T09:31:33Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. Ogun yaɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==Taarihi == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Afoonima == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] iiiezvtid10t3v7yo11eju7kiy5isek 137828 137826 2026-05-29T09:32:09Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. Ogun yaɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==Taarihi == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Afoonima == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] p6l4cmjkvh41tvu7ggwvny5sdtklbva 0 33166 137831 2026-05-29T09:50:56Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Infobox river | name = Oba River | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Course of the Oba River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Oba River''' ([[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Oyo mini Osun Nigeria tiŋgbani yaɣili. Di nyɛla Osun mɔɣili balibu la puuni zaɣ'yini. Ninvuɣ shɛba ban tooi be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili maa tooi nyɛla pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba. ==Name== Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa buɣili Oba yuli zaŋ n-ti, Shango paɣiba puuni yino, Yoruba nima buɣili din daa jɛndi satahiŋga. O paɣ'shɛba ban daa pahi maa nyɛ Oshun mini Oya.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lahabali wuhiya ni Ọshun nyɛla ŋun daa yuhim Ọba ka o daa ŋmɛ o tibili pahi Shango's bindirigu zuɣu ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ o nyaɣisim. Din daa niŋ ka Shango daa baŋ Ọba ni niŋ binshɛli, o suhi nyɛla din daa yiɣisi ka o daa tahi ka Osun mini Oba daa leei mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ. Lala daliri ŋɔ zuɣu n chɛ ka luɣ'shɛli Osun mini Oba mɔɣa ŋɔ laɣim taba nyɛ din zori yomyom.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} ==Course== Oba mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti Osun mɔɣili. Di nyɛla din yɛliŋ paai kamani kilomita pinaanu wulinpuhili polo zaŋ n-ti [[Ogbomosho]] din be Oyo yaɣili.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori gariti Ogbomosho, ni ka di doya.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Ogbomoso Reservoir din be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1964, di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|137.6|ha}} ka ni tooi deegi kom kamani {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Tiŋsi din tooi nyuri kom lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun n-ti pahi Yàkù. Oba nyɛla din tuɣi wulinluhili polo hali n-ti chirigi Oshun mɔɣili din be Odo Oba zuɣusaa. Tiŋ shɛŋa din be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛ Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori n-ti pahi Olumoye.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ọ̀ṣun mɔɣili bushɛm zuɣu.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Asejire Reservoir.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} ==Economy== Ninvuɣ shɛba ban be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛla ban tooi zoogi pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Yuuni 1977, polo shɛli bɛ ni daa yuusi Ogbomoso Reservoir yaɣili daa nyɛla 71.9%. Bindiri shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi kɔri lala yaɣili ŋɔ n nyɛ kawaana mini ʒivarivari di gbaai bahindi mana. Pukpariba ŋɔ nyɛla ban tooi mali silimiin kulim tundi bɛ tuma nima.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} ==References== '''Citations''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Osun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] pyotn2yr4su1b0xmodvfe91llictvk5 137832 137831 2026-05-29T09:51:40Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oba River | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Course of the Oba River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Oba River''' ([[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Oyo mini Osun Nigeria tiŋgbani yaɣili. Di nyɛla Osun mɔɣili balibu la puuni zaɣ'yini. Ninvuɣ shɛba ban tooi be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili maa tooi nyɛla pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba. ==Name== Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa buɣili Oba yuli zaŋ n-ti, Shango paɣiba puuni yino, Yoruba nima buɣili din daa jɛndi satahiŋga. O paɣ'shɛba ban daa pahi maa nyɛ Oshun mini Oya.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lahabali wuhiya ni Ọshun nyɛla ŋun daa yuhim Ọba ka o daa ŋmɛ o tibili pahi Shango's bindirigu zuɣu ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ o nyaɣisim. Din daa niŋ ka Shango daa baŋ Ọba ni niŋ binshɛli, o suhi nyɛla din daa yiɣisi ka o daa tahi ka Osun mini Oba daa leei mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ. Lala daliri ŋɔ zuɣu n chɛ ka luɣ'shɛli Osun mini Oba mɔɣa ŋɔ laɣim taba nyɛ din zori yomyom.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} ==Course== Oba mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti Osun mɔɣili. Di nyɛla din yɛliŋ paai kamani kilomita pinaanu wulinpuhili polo zaŋ n-ti [[Ogbomosho]] din be Oyo yaɣili.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori gariti Ogbomosho, ni ka di doya.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Ogbomoso Reservoir din be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1964, di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|137.6|ha}} ka ni tooi deegi kom kamani {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Tiŋsi din tooi nyuri kom lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun n-ti pahi Yàkù. Oba nyɛla din tuɣi wulinluhili polo hali n-ti chirigi Oshun mɔɣili din be Odo Oba zuɣusaa. Tiŋ shɛŋa din be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛ Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori n-ti pahi Olumoye.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ọ̀ṣun mɔɣili bushɛm zuɣu.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Asejire Reservoir.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} ==Economy== Ninvuɣ shɛba ban be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛla ban tooi zoogi pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Yuuni 1977, polo shɛli bɛ ni daa yuusi Ogbomoso Reservoir yaɣili daa nyɛla 71.9%. Bindiri shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi kɔri lala yaɣili ŋɔ n nyɛ kawaana mini ʒivarivari di gbaai bahindi mana. Pukpariba ŋɔ nyɛla ban tooi mali silimiin kulim tundi bɛ tuma nima.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} ==References== '''Citations''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Osun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] fwiyiwsl4xcyidc27eonutqk7vcuktx 137833 137832 2026-05-29T09:52:18Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Name */ Updated Content 137833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oba River | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Course of the Oba River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Oba River''' ([[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Oyo mini Osun Nigeria tiŋgbani yaɣili. Di nyɛla Osun mɔɣili balibu la puuni zaɣ'yini. Ninvuɣ shɛba ban tooi be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili maa tooi nyɛla pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba. ==Yuli == Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa buɣili Oba yuli zaŋ n-ti, Shango paɣiba puuni yino, Yoruba nima buɣili din daa jɛndi satahiŋga. O paɣ'shɛba ban daa pahi maa nyɛ Oshun mini Oya.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lahabali wuhiya ni Ọshun nyɛla ŋun daa yuhim Ọba ka o daa ŋmɛ o tibili pahi Shango's bindirigu zuɣu ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ o nyaɣisim. Din daa niŋ ka Shango daa baŋ Ọba ni niŋ binshɛli, o suhi nyɛla din daa yiɣisi ka o daa tahi ka Osun mini Oba daa leei mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ. Lala daliri ŋɔ zuɣu n chɛ ka luɣ'shɛli Osun mini Oba mɔɣa ŋɔ laɣim taba nyɛ din zori yomyom.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} ==Course== Oba mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti Osun mɔɣili. Di nyɛla din yɛliŋ paai kamani kilomita pinaanu wulinpuhili polo zaŋ n-ti [[Ogbomosho]] din be Oyo yaɣili.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori gariti Ogbomosho, ni ka di doya.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Ogbomoso Reservoir din be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1964, di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|137.6|ha}} ka ni tooi deegi kom kamani {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Tiŋsi din tooi nyuri kom lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun n-ti pahi Yàkù. Oba nyɛla din tuɣi wulinluhili polo hali n-ti chirigi Oshun mɔɣili din be Odo Oba zuɣusaa. Tiŋ shɛŋa din be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛ Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori n-ti pahi Olumoye.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ọ̀ṣun mɔɣili bushɛm zuɣu.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Asejire Reservoir.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} ==Economy== Ninvuɣ shɛba ban be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛla ban tooi zoogi pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Yuuni 1977, polo shɛli bɛ ni daa yuusi Ogbomoso Reservoir yaɣili daa nyɛla 71.9%. Bindiri shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi kɔri lala yaɣili ŋɔ n nyɛ kawaana mini ʒivarivari di gbaai bahindi mana. Pukpariba ŋɔ nyɛla ban tooi mali silimiin kulim tundi bɛ tuma nima.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} ==References== '''Citations''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Osun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] ia3jpi410cafilttubeyhr76vy5ijp9 137834 137833 2026-05-29T09:52:47Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Economy */ Updated Content 137834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oba River | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Course of the Oba River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Oba River''' ([[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Oyo mini Osun Nigeria tiŋgbani yaɣili. Di nyɛla Osun mɔɣili balibu la puuni zaɣ'yini. Ninvuɣ shɛba ban tooi be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili maa tooi nyɛla pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba. ==Yuli == Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa buɣili Oba yuli zaŋ n-ti, Shango paɣiba puuni yino, Yoruba nima buɣili din daa jɛndi satahiŋga. O paɣ'shɛba ban daa pahi maa nyɛ Oshun mini Oya.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lahabali wuhiya ni Ọshun nyɛla ŋun daa yuhim Ọba ka o daa ŋmɛ o tibili pahi Shango's bindirigu zuɣu ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ o nyaɣisim. Din daa niŋ ka Shango daa baŋ Ọba ni niŋ binshɛli, o suhi nyɛla din daa yiɣisi ka o daa tahi ka Osun mini Oba daa leei mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ. Lala daliri ŋɔ zuɣu n chɛ ka luɣ'shɛli Osun mini Oba mɔɣa ŋɔ laɣim taba nyɛ din zori yomyom.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} ==Course== Oba mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti Osun mɔɣili. Di nyɛla din yɛliŋ paai kamani kilomita pinaanu wulinpuhili polo zaŋ n-ti [[Ogbomosho]] din be Oyo yaɣili.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori gariti Ogbomosho, ni ka di doya.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Ogbomoso Reservoir din be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1964, di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|137.6|ha}} ka ni tooi deegi kom kamani {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Tiŋsi din tooi nyuri kom lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun n-ti pahi Yàkù. Oba nyɛla din tuɣi wulinluhili polo hali n-ti chirigi Oshun mɔɣili din be Odo Oba zuɣusaa. Tiŋ shɛŋa din be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛ Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori n-ti pahi Olumoye.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ọ̀ṣun mɔɣili bushɛm zuɣu.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Asejire Reservoir.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} ==Daabilim == Ninvuɣ shɛba ban be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛla ban tooi zoogi pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Yuuni 1977, polo shɛli bɛ ni daa yuusi Ogbomoso Reservoir yaɣili daa nyɛla 71.9%. Bindiri shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi kɔri lala yaɣili ŋɔ n nyɛ kawaana mini ʒivarivari di gbaai bahindi mana. Pukpariba ŋɔ nyɛla ban tooi mali silimiin kulim tundi bɛ tuma nima.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} ==References== '''Citations''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Osun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] 06y0409sd2p1s2uzflarp0spevu4mph 137835 137834 2026-05-29T09:54:22Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Oba River | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Course of the Oba River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Oba River''' ([[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Oyo mini Osun Nigeria tiŋgbani yaɣili. Di nyɛla Osun mɔɣili balibu la puuni zaɣ'yini. Ninvuɣ shɛba ban tooi be mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili maa tooi nyɛla pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba. ==Yuli == Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa buɣili Oba yuli zaŋ n-ti, Shango paɣiba puuni yino, Yoruba nima buɣili din daa jɛndi satahiŋga. O paɣ'shɛba ban daa pahi maa nyɛ Oshun mini Oya.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lahabali wuhiya ni Ọshun nyɛla ŋun daa yuhim Ọba ka o daa ŋmɛ o tibili pahi Shango's bindirigu zuɣu ka daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ o nyaɣisim. Din daa niŋ ka Shango daa baŋ Ọba ni niŋ binshɛli, o suhi nyɛla din daa yiɣisi ka o daa tahi ka Osun mini Oba daa leei mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ. Lala daliri ŋɔ zuɣu n chɛ ka luɣ'shɛli Osun mini Oba mɔɣa ŋɔ laɣim taba nyɛ din zori yomyom.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} ==Course== Oba mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti Osun mɔɣili. Di nyɛla din yɛliŋ paai kamani kilomita pinaanu wulinpuhili polo zaŋ n-ti [[Ogbomosho]] din be Oyo yaɣili.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori gariti Ogbomosho, ni ka di doya.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Ogbomoso Reservoir din be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa naai shɛli yuuni 1964, di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|137.6|ha}} ka ni tooi deegi kom kamani {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Tiŋsi din tooi nyuri kom lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyɛ Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun n-ti pahi Yàkù. Oba nyɛla din tuɣi wulinluhili polo hali n-ti chirigi Oshun mɔɣili din be Odo Oba zuɣusaa. Tiŋ shɛŋa din be lala mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛ Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori n-ti pahi Olumoye.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Ọba mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ọ̀ṣun mɔɣili bushɛm zuɣu.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Asejire Reservoir.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} ==Daabilim == Ninvuɣ shɛba ban be Oba mɔɣili ŋɔ polo nyɛla ban tooi zoogi pukpariba mini zahim gbahiriba.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Yuuni 1977, polo shɛli bɛ ni daa yuusi Ogbomoso Reservoir yaɣili daa nyɛla 71.9%. Bindiri shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi kɔri lala yaɣili ŋɔ n nyɛ kawaana mini ʒivarivari di gbaai bahindi mana. Pukpariba ŋɔ nyɛla ban tooi mali silimiin kulim tundi bɛ tuma nima.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} ==Kundivihira == '''Citations''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Osun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] 1xadm2dbi1yp2sm9uxalseg3qjhcr89 0 33167 137836 2026-05-29T10:04:28Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} [[File:Benin River Basin OSM.png|thumb|Benin river Basin]] '''Benin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din zori gindi [[Nigeria]] wulinluhili polo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benin River, Nigeria - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates|url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2788102&fid=4331&c=nigeria|access-date=2021-03-23|website=geographic.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Benin River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/benin_river,501246316n |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi ka booni li Ethiope tiŋgbani maa yaɣili beni ka bɛ booni Edo. Di nyaaŋa, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din kpalim zori kpɛri tiŋsi kamani Umutu, Owah Abbi, Obiaruku, Abraka, Igun Watershed, Idjerhe Kingdom, Sapela, Mosogar n-ti pahi Koko. Di mɔɣili din miri Sapela ŋɔ nyɛla din zori hali ni Benin. Benin nyɛla yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Niger din niŋ ka mɔɣa dibaa ayi nyɛ din laɣim taba ni.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Benin}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla luɣ'shɛli binyɛra pam ni niŋda, di shɛŋa nyɛ abekpam niŋbu, taabu dari ŋmahibu. Zahim gbahibu gba nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Enuneku|first=Alex|last2=Omoruyi|first2=Osaretin|last3=Tongo|first3=Isioma|last4=Ogbomida|first4=Emmanuel|last5=Ogbeide|first5=Ozekeke|last6=Ezemonye|first6=Lawrence|date=2018-11-15|title=Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|journal=Applied Water Science|language=en|volume=8|issue=8|pages=224|doi=10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|issn=2190-5495|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla gɔrim soli zaŋ n-ti so chandiba ka di yaɣ'shɛŋa gba nyɛ bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi pukparilim. == Climate/Weather == Benin mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali saha buta, tulim saha, kom kalinsi saha n-ti pahi saa saha, bin din gbaai Silimiin goli January zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli April di nyɛla din tula ka nyɛ din ka kom, Silimiin goli May zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli July mini September di nyɛla din be saa saha ni. Di wulinpuhili yaɣili maa nyɛla din mali tulim pam gari di wulinluhili yaɣili. == Pollution == Vihigu shɛli [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ni yoli niŋ saha ŋɔ nyɛla din wuhi daliri shɛŋa din tooi chɛ ka Benin mɔɣili tooi deeri saɣiri. Lala lahabali ŋɔ wuhiya ni saa mibu mini pala malibu lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din tooi tahiri li na .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations of pipe-borne water pollution in Benin city, Nigeria {{!}} WHO FCTC |url=https://portal-uat.who.int/fctcapps/fctcapps/fctc/kh/wts/wts-database/investigations-pipe-borne-water-pollution-benin-city-nigeria |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=portal-uat.who.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Adenubi |first=Tola |date=2023-04-13 |title=Edo moves to complete Benin River Port |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/edo-moves-to-complete-benin-river-port/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-24 |title=Edo government, Port of Antwerp to finalise Benin River Port project |url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/edo-government-port-of-antwerp-to-finalise-benin-river-port-project/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == <references /> {{Coord|5|49|54.7|N|5|9|11.3|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] jsvetsiz2opb7fieiwmfroalnzpb9zi 137837 137836 2026-05-29T10:05:04Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Pollution */ Updated Content 137837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} [[File:Benin River Basin OSM.png|thumb|Benin river Basin]] '''Benin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din zori gindi [[Nigeria]] wulinluhili polo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benin River, Nigeria - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates|url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2788102&fid=4331&c=nigeria|access-date=2021-03-23|website=geographic.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Benin River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/benin_river,501246316n |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi ka booni li Ethiope tiŋgbani maa yaɣili beni ka bɛ booni Edo. Di nyaaŋa, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din kpalim zori kpɛri tiŋsi kamani Umutu, Owah Abbi, Obiaruku, Abraka, Igun Watershed, Idjerhe Kingdom, Sapela, Mosogar n-ti pahi Koko. Di mɔɣili din miri Sapela ŋɔ nyɛla din zori hali ni Benin. Benin nyɛla yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Niger din niŋ ka mɔɣa dibaa ayi nyɛ din laɣim taba ni.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Benin}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla luɣ'shɛli binyɛra pam ni niŋda, di shɛŋa nyɛ abekpam niŋbu, taabu dari ŋmahibu. Zahim gbahibu gba nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Enuneku|first=Alex|last2=Omoruyi|first2=Osaretin|last3=Tongo|first3=Isioma|last4=Ogbomida|first4=Emmanuel|last5=Ogbeide|first5=Ozekeke|last6=Ezemonye|first6=Lawrence|date=2018-11-15|title=Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|journal=Applied Water Science|language=en|volume=8|issue=8|pages=224|doi=10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|issn=2190-5495|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla gɔrim soli zaŋ n-ti so chandiba ka di yaɣ'shɛŋa gba nyɛ bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi pukparilim. == Climate/Weather == Benin mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali saha buta, tulim saha, kom kalinsi saha n-ti pahi saa saha, bin din gbaai Silimiin goli January zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli April di nyɛla din tula ka nyɛ din ka kom, Silimiin goli May zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli July mini September di nyɛla din be saa saha ni. Di wulinpuhili yaɣili maa nyɛla din mali tulim pam gari di wulinluhili yaɣili. == Gabisibu == Vihigu shɛli [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ni yoli niŋ saha ŋɔ nyɛla din wuhi daliri shɛŋa din tooi chɛ ka Benin mɔɣili tooi deeri saɣiri. Lala lahabali ŋɔ wuhiya ni saa mibu mini pala malibu lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din tooi tahiri li na .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations of pipe-borne water pollution in Benin city, Nigeria {{!}} WHO FCTC |url=https://portal-uat.who.int/fctcapps/fctcapps/fctc/kh/wts/wts-database/investigations-pipe-borne-water-pollution-benin-city-nigeria |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=portal-uat.who.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Adenubi |first=Tola |date=2023-04-13 |title=Edo moves to complete Benin River Port |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/edo-moves-to-complete-benin-river-port/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-24 |title=Edo government, Port of Antwerp to finalise Benin River Port project |url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/edo-government-port-of-antwerp-to-finalise-benin-river-port-project/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == <references /> {{Coord|5|49|54.7|N|5|9|11.3|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] jftkcrm8fdp121cez3rmt9sihwwswpu 137838 137837 2026-05-29T10:05:38Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} [[File:Benin River Basin OSM.png|thumb|Benin river Basin]] '''Benin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din zori gindi [[Nigeria]] wulinluhili polo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benin River, Nigeria - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates|url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2788102&fid=4331&c=nigeria|access-date=2021-03-23|website=geographic.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Benin River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/benin_river,501246316n |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi ka booni li Ethiope tiŋgbani maa yaɣili beni ka bɛ booni Edo. Di nyaaŋa, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din kpalim zori kpɛri tiŋsi kamani Umutu, Owah Abbi, Obiaruku, Abraka, Igun Watershed, Idjerhe Kingdom, Sapela, Mosogar n-ti pahi Koko. Di mɔɣili din miri Sapela ŋɔ nyɛla din zori hali ni Benin. Benin nyɛla yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Niger din niŋ ka mɔɣa dibaa ayi nyɛ din laɣim taba ni.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Benin}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla luɣ'shɛli binyɛra pam ni niŋda, di shɛŋa nyɛ abekpam niŋbu, taabu dari ŋmahibu. Zahim gbahibu gba nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Enuneku|first=Alex|last2=Omoruyi|first2=Osaretin|last3=Tongo|first3=Isioma|last4=Ogbomida|first4=Emmanuel|last5=Ogbeide|first5=Ozekeke|last6=Ezemonye|first6=Lawrence|date=2018-11-15|title=Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|journal=Applied Water Science|language=en|volume=8|issue=8|pages=224|doi=10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|issn=2190-5495|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla gɔrim soli zaŋ n-ti so chandiba ka di yaɣ'shɛŋa gba nyɛ bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi pukparilim. == Climate/Weather == Benin mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali saha buta, tulim saha, kom kalinsi saha n-ti pahi saa saha, bin din gbaai Silimiin goli January zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli April di nyɛla din tula ka nyɛ din ka kom, Silimiin goli May zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli July mini September di nyɛla din be saa saha ni. Di wulinpuhili yaɣili maa nyɛla din mali tulim pam gari di wulinluhili yaɣili. == Gabisibu == Vihigu shɛli [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ni yoli niŋ saha ŋɔ nyɛla din wuhi daliri shɛŋa din tooi chɛ ka Benin mɔɣili tooi deeri saɣiri. Lala lahabali ŋɔ wuhiya ni saa mibu mini pala malibu lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din tooi tahiri li na .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations of pipe-borne water pollution in Benin city, Nigeria {{!}} WHO FCTC |url=https://portal-uat.who.int/fctcapps/fctcapps/fctc/kh/wts/wts-database/investigations-pipe-borne-water-pollution-benin-city-nigeria |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=portal-uat.who.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Adenubi |first=Tola |date=2023-04-13 |title=Edo moves to complete Benin River Port |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/edo-moves-to-complete-benin-river-port/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-24 |title=Edo government, Port of Antwerp to finalise Benin River Port project |url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/edo-government-port-of-antwerp-to-finalise-benin-river-port-project/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kundivihira == <references /> {{Coord|5|49|54.7|N|5|9|11.3|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] 9xkgn6pvjtz5611wdjizedqvcb4rgur 137839 137838 2026-05-29T10:06:32Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Databox}} [[File:Benin River Basin OSM.png|thumb|Benin river Basin]] '''Benin River''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din zori gindi [[Nigeria]] wulinluhili polo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benin River, Nigeria - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates|url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2788102&fid=4331&c=nigeria|access-date=2021-03-23|website=geographic.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Benin River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/benin_river,501246316n |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi ka booni li Ethiope tiŋgbani maa yaɣili beni ka bɛ booni Edo. Di nyaaŋa, mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din kpalim zori kpɛri tiŋsi kamani Umutu, Owah Abbi, Obiaruku, Abraka, Igun Watershed, Idjerhe Kingdom, Sapela, Mosogar n-ti pahi Koko. Di mɔɣili din miri Sapela ŋɔ nyɛla din zori hali ni Benin. Benin nyɛla yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Niger din niŋ ka mɔɣa dibaa ayi nyɛ din laɣim taba ni.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Benin}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla luɣ'shɛli binyɛra pam ni niŋda, di shɛŋa nyɛ abekpam niŋbu, taabu dari ŋmahibu. Zahim gbahibu gba nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni niŋdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Enuneku|first=Alex|last2=Omoruyi|first2=Osaretin|last3=Tongo|first3=Isioma|last4=Ogbomida|first4=Emmanuel|last5=Ogbeide|first5=Ozekeke|last6=Ezemonye|first6=Lawrence|date=2018-11-15|title=Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|journal=Applied Water Science|language=en|volume=8|issue=8|pages=224|doi=10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9|issn=2190-5495|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla gɔrim soli zaŋ n-ti so chandiba ka di yaɣ'shɛŋa gba nyɛ bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi pukparilim. == Climate/Weather == Benin mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali saha buta, tulim saha, kom kalinsi saha n-ti pahi saa saha, bin din gbaai Silimiin goli January zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli April di nyɛla din tula ka nyɛ din ka kom, Silimiin goli May zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli July mini September di nyɛla din be saa saha ni. Di wulinpuhili yaɣili maa nyɛla din mali tulim pam gari di wulinluhili yaɣili. == Gabisibu == Vihigu shɛli [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ni yoli niŋ saha ŋɔ nyɛla din wuhi daliri shɛŋa din tooi chɛ ka Benin mɔɣili tooi deeri saɣiri. Lala lahabali ŋɔ wuhiya ni saa mibu mini pala malibu lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din tooi tahiri li na .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations of pipe-borne water pollution in Benin city, Nigeria {{!}} WHO FCTC |url=https://portal-uat.who.int/fctcapps/fctcapps/fctc/kh/wts/wts-database/investigations-pipe-borne-water-pollution-benin-city-nigeria |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=portal-uat.who.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Adenubi |first=Tola |date=2023-04-13 |title=Edo moves to complete Benin River Port |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/edo-moves-to-complete-benin-river-port/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-24 |title=Edo government, Port of Antwerp to finalise Benin River Port project |url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/edo-government-port-of-antwerp-to-finalise-benin-river-port-project/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kundivihira == <references /> {{Coord|5|49|54.7|N|5|9|11.3|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] 0k49ujgs6jbcnnplk0s0qxwuojbmkdj 0 33168 137840 2026-05-29T10:11:14Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Infobox river | name = Ovia River | image = | image_caption = Ovia River meandering through lush forests | map = <!-- Optional: Insert a map of the river's course --> | map_caption = <!-- Optional: Caption for the map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the lower mouth of the Ovia River in Nigeria | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- Optional: Alternative text for the pushpin map --> | coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates of the river's mouth --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- Optional: Footnotes for coordinates --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Edo State]], [[Kogi State]], [[Ondo State]] | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = [[West Africa]] | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum width of the river --> | width_avg = <!-- Optional: Average width of the river --> | width_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum width of the river --> | depth_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum depth of the river --> | depth_avg = <!-- Optional: Average depth of the river --> | depth_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum depth of the river --> | discharge1_location = <!-- Optional: Location for discharge measurements --> | discharge1_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum discharge --> | discharge1_avg = 42 m³/s (1,483 cfs) | discharge1_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum discharge --> | source1 = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source1_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source2 = <!-- Optional: Additional source --> | source2_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates for additional source --> | mouth = [[Benin River]] | mouth_location = <!-- Optional: Location of the river's mouth --> | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|05|54|36|N|05|16|12|E|display=inline,title}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = <!-- Optional: Notable landmarks within the basin --> | basin_population = <!-- Optional: Population within the river's basin --> | tributaries_left = <!-- Optional: Left bank tributaries --> | tributaries_right = <!-- Optional: Right bank tributaries --> | waterbodies = <!-- Optional: Major water bodies connected to the river --> | custom_label = <!-- Optional: Custom label --> | custom_data = <!-- Optional: Custom data --> | extra = <!-- Optional: Additional information --> }} '''Ovia River''' ŋɔ bee '''Osse River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi tiŋgbani yaɣa kamani Kogi, Ondo n-ti pahi Edo pɔi naai [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani kilomita kɔbigi ni pishi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wesler |first=Kit W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |date=1998 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-610-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061538/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}}{{!}} DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED {{!}}{{!}} |url=https://www.dubri.com/history.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.dubri.com |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204220416/http://dubri.com/history.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == Geography == Ovia (Osse) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Apata hills yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Yorubaland]] plateau, yaɣ'shɛli din tooi mali mɔɣa zaŋ chaŋ Niger-Benue mini tiŋ yuli booni Kabba din be Ekiti mini Koji yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Nigeria sunsuun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage {{!}} Tansi International College, Awka |url=https://tansicollege.edu.ng/content/nigeria-physical-setting-relief-and-drainage |website=tansicollege.edu.ng |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Lala mɔɣili nyɛla din tiri mɔɣa shɛŋa dabam kamani Ogun mini Osun mɔɣa kom. Mɔɣili ŋɔ wulinluhili nyɛ Kogi state ka nyɛ din mali tarisi ni Ondo mini Edo pɔi ka naai kpɛ Edo yaɣili, ni ka di chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ogbese mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi zo n-ti naai [[Benin River|Benin Estuary]] din be [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions |date=1997 |publisher=Eribo |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061632/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |access-date=2023-09-04 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904162309/https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |journal=International Journal of Applied Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=609–623 |issn=2394-7500 |eissn=2394-5869 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061536/https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mythology and History == Edo taarihi puuni nyɛla din wuhi ni Ovia nyɛla din jandi paɣa ŋun yina Uhen tiŋkpaŋ ka sokam daa mi o ka di nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=BAR International Series |journal=British Archaeological Reports |date=1978 |issue=215–216 |page=314 |isbn=978-0-86054-275-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+river+oyo+snail |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa po, o nyɛla ŋun kuli Naa koŋko. Tiŋgbani shɛli dabam, Naa zaŋ n-ti Oyo nyɛla ŋun daa nya Ovia's viɛllim ŋɔ ka daa yɛlli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ o leei o paɣa. Ovia's lammba nyɛla ban daa saɣi n-ti ni lala Naa ŋɔ kpuɣi o ka daa n ti binyɛra kamani ko'tɔri duɣu ni din daa pahi. Ovia's Naa paɣi taba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo kingdom]] nyɛla ban daa zabiri o nyuli ka daa bori ni bɛ saɣim o yuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellermann |first1=Pauline von |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=Ovia+river+oyo+king&pg=PA39 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Taarihi zaŋ n-ti Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni taɣi shɛli ni [[Culture of Nigeria|Nigeria's heritage]]..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=A Short History of Benin |date=1960 |publisher=Ibadan University Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061539/https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Darling1984b" /> === Cultural significance === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada n-ti pahi tima anfaani lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=collections.si.edu |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905105022/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lahabali din yina lala yaɣili ŋɔ wuhiya ni Ovia daa nyɛla paɣi viɛlli ŋun daa lɛbigi o maŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di leei mɔɣi'titali din be Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061541/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udo Town Wall |url=https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiŋsi pam nyɛla ban jamdi o amaa yɛlimɔŋda nyɛla din be lala yaɣili maa. Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ kpɛ shɛli.<ref name="WesternStateofNigeria1962" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-09-28 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51764-5 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ovia chuɣuf saha, mɔɣili maa kaya ni taada puuni, dabba pam ban be tiŋ maa nyɛla ban kpɛri "seclusion" din be di buɣili maa ni n ti saha kamani bakoyi zaŋ chaŋ chira.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |title=The Nigerian Field |date=1975 |publisher=Nigerian Field Society |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826104731/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |url-status=live }}</ref> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali ninpɔrigu pɔri bɛ niini ka wari waa.<ref name="Osemwowa2000" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Ronald P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |title=Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People |last2=Egbokhare |first2=Francis O. |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-4030-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wawari kam nyɛla ŋun zani n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa pun jamdi li ka lahi ka bɛ nyɛvuya ni ka bɛ zaɣ'yino kam nyɛ ban niŋdi lala niriba ŋɔ ni daa niŋdi shɛm.<ref name="Osadolor2001" /><ref name="WalkerRobin2006" /> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla din zaŋdi ninvuɣ shɛba niŋdi maa miriti ban kpi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |title=Water-supply Paper |date=1946 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.edoworld.net |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/http://edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani ni chɛha, di shɛŋa nyɛ gu ka taɣi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu mini zaba lala dabisa ŋɔ ni.<ref name=KitWestler1998/><ref name=Osemwekha2019/> Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ pahi chuɣu puhibu ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ero |first=Osayomwanbo Osemwegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD |date=2003 |publisher=Nosa Computers |isbn=978-978-31533-7-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani waa wabu, Ikpasa binkɔmda ŋmɛbu n-ti pahi yili yilibu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb150-us03 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062048/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/210c3ee2-ddd3-3c1f-9dbe-20714f69f785 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din paagi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dennett |first=Richard Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |title=At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa |date=1968 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-1653-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Chuɣu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla saha shɛli tiŋ maa nima ni laɣindi taba wuhiri taba nangban yini tali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=Benin Law and Custom |date=1949 |publisher=Niger Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NGIA1994/> Anfaani shɛŋa mini nanbu zobu shɛŋa niriba ni nyari Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ saha nyɛ bɛ ni yu shɛli pam.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019/><ref name=Adodoh2016/><ref name=Darling1984c/> Chuɣu ŋɔ naabu ni, paɣaba ban be tiŋ maa ni nyɛla ban wari Agbala waa ka di nyɛ din wuhiri dabba ŋɔ labbu na bɛ sani.<ref name=AGBEJAetal2018/><ref name=OdiluGodwin2019/> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din naari ni champaŋ taba paɣaba mini dabba sunsuun ka di nyɛ din kpaŋsiri nangban yini tali bɛ sunsuun tiŋ maa ni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kaya ni taada mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti tiŋsi mini bihi shɛba bɛ ni na yɛn dɔɣi.<ref name=IduborNE2016/><ref name=Egharevba1946/> Di nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali baŋdi bɛ kpaŋmaŋ tumanima mini bɛ lu luɣ'shɛŋa balla ŋɔ ni di gbaai bahindi Bini mini Esan niriba.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=El-Sheekh |first1=Mostafa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |title=Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability |last2=Elsaied |first2=Hosam Easa |date=2023-02-15 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-95528-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=G. A. |date=1976 |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |issn=0018-2540 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904163244/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lala tiŋsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban mi bɛ yanima mɔɣili ŋɔ shee ka mali dihitabili ni lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din yɛn nyuhi ba ka dihi ba.<ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |title=The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria |date=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei pukparilim yaa shee ka nyɛ din tam niŋdi bindira kamani nyuli, banchi n-ti pahi bindira shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni diri lala yaɣili.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellermann |first=Pauline von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=MHAI1972/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017/><ref name=Omoregie1972/> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali tim anfaanima pam.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-135/><ref name=AjayiSS2005/> Niriba nyɛla ban jamdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ nya sɔŋsim di sani.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-25986-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omoregie1997-61" /> Dabilim gba nyɛla din chani viɛnyɛla pam ni. Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei dabilim shee pam ka niriba nyɛ ban mali bindira taɣiri taba.<ref name="Francis 1939 y184">{{cite web |last=Francis |first=Abai |date=10 March 1939 |title=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) |url=https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904164800/https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omoregie |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |date=1972 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-60925-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Noriode |first1=Rukeme M. |last2=Idowu |first2=Emmanuel T. |last3=Otubanjo |first3=Olubunmi A. |last4=Mafe |first4=Margaret A. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012 |pmid=28970097 |issn=1876-0341 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700 |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-12-05 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51765-2 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |title=List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA |author=Nigeria Zip Codes |publisher=Nigeria Zip Codes |year=2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623114049/http://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WesternStateofNigeria1962>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |author=Western State of Nigeria |journal=WNLN |volume=37 |pages=B-67, B-305 |title=Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria |publisher=Government Printer |year=1962 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Osemwowa2000>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |page=93 |title=The customary law of the Binis |author=Osemwowa U |publisher=Fine-Fare Int'l. 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|archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984-166>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+edion |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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University of Hamburg, Germany |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709031938/https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2001/544/pdf/Disse.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998-177>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |pages=176–177 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052259/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1997-61>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |author=Omoregie S B |year=1997 |title=Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan |publisher=Neraso Publishers |isbn=9789782734358 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1946>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |title=Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1946 |publisher=Kraus Reprint |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OdiluGodwin2019>{{cite book |url=https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |title=Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State |author=Odilu G |year=2019 |publisher=Afribary |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092022/https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OliverRolandAnthony1965>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |title=Africa in the days of exploration |author=Oliver R A |year=1965 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780130184245 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WalkerRobin2006>{{cite book |url=https://whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |title=When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD) |author=Walker R |year=2006 |publisher=Reklaw Education Ltd |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110618/http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=IduborNE2016>{{cite web |url=http://facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |title=The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great |author=Idubor N E |website=[[Facebook]] |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131043648/https://www.facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=AGBEJAetal2018>{{cite journal |url=https://cfa-international.org/userfiles/files/2ND%20CFA%20PROCEEDINGS.534%20Pages.pdf |title=COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA |author=AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter |year=2018 |publisher=Debo Prints |pages=186–187 |access-date=2 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> <ref name=AjayiSS2005>{{cite journal |url=https://fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |title=CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA |author=Ajayi, S. S. |journal=Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management |year=2005 |publisher=FAO |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225744/http://www.fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=VictorFufeyin1993>{{cite journal |title=Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2 |author=Victor & Fufeyin |journal=Tropical Zoology |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=EncyclopaediaBritannica2011>{{cite journal |url=https://britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |title=Bight of Benin |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |journal=Encyclopaedia Britannica |year=2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022048/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-135>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua%2C+Ora+ |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua,+Ora+ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame%2C+ovia |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052309/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=TraditionalRulersAndChiefsEdit1979>{{cite journal |author=Bendel State of Nigeria |journal=Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette |volume=16 |pages=A-139 |title=Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979 |publisher=Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports |year=1979}}</ref> <ref name=Aisien2001>{{cite book |author=Aisien E |year=2001 |title=The Benin City pilgrimage stations |publisher=Aisien Publishers}}</ref> <ref name=Bradbury1957>{{cite book |author=Bradbury R E |year=1957 |title=The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria |series=Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13 |publisher=International African Institute, London}}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1968>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1968 |pages=26 |publisher=Ibadan University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Ben-Amos1979>{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin |author=Ben-Amos P |year=1979 |publisher=Rive Gauche Productions, Paris}}</ref> <ref name=Olupona2000>{{cite book |title=African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions |author=Olupona J K |year=2000 |pages=134 |series=World spirituality, v. 3 |publisher=Crossroad, New York}}</ref> <ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997>{{cite book |title=Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie |author=Marin, Feau and Joubert |year=1997 |publisher=Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://www.edostate.gov.ng/ Edo State Government Official Website] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Edo State]] [[Category:Rivers of Kogi State]] 8v463j6o4796ow3j19o7w3rd1hisek2 137841 137840 2026-05-29T10:12:44Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Infobox river | name = Ovia River | image = | image_caption = Ovia River meandering through lush forests | map = <!-- Optional: Insert a map of the river's course --> | map_caption = <!-- Optional: Caption for the map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the lower mouth of the Ovia River in Nigeria | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- Optional: Alternative text for the pushpin map --> | coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates of the river's mouth --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- Optional: Footnotes for coordinates --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Edo State]], [[Kogi State]], [[Ondo State]] | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = [[West Africa]] | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum width of the river --> | width_avg = <!-- Optional: Average width of the river --> | width_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum width of the river --> | depth_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum depth of the river --> | depth_avg = <!-- Optional: Average depth of the river --> | depth_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum depth of the river --> | discharge1_location = <!-- Optional: Location for discharge measurements --> | discharge1_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum discharge --> | discharge1_avg = 42 m³/s (1,483 cfs) | discharge1_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum discharge --> | source1 = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source1_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source2 = <!-- Optional: Additional source --> | source2_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates for additional source --> | mouth = [[Benin River]] | mouth_location = <!-- Optional: Location of the river's mouth --> | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|05|54|36|N|05|16|12|E|display=inline,title}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = <!-- Optional: Notable landmarks within the basin --> | basin_population = <!-- Optional: Population within the river's basin --> | tributaries_left = <!-- Optional: Left bank tributaries --> | tributaries_right = <!-- Optional: Right bank tributaries --> | waterbodies = <!-- Optional: Major water bodies connected to the river --> | custom_label = <!-- Optional: Custom label --> | custom_data = <!-- Optional: Custom data --> | extra = <!-- Optional: Additional information --> }} '''Ovia River''' ŋɔ bee '''Osse River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi tiŋgbani yaɣa kamani Kogi, Ondo n-ti pahi Edo pɔi naai [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani kilomita kɔbigi ni pishi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wesler |first=Kit W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |date=1998 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-610-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061538/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}}{{!}} DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED {{!}}{{!}} |url=https://www.dubri.com/history.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.dubri.com |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204220416/http://dubri.com/history.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == Geography == Ovia (Osse) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Apata hills yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Yorubaland]] plateau, yaɣ'shɛli din tooi mali mɔɣa zaŋ chaŋ Niger-Benue mini tiŋ yuli booni Kabba din be Ekiti mini Koji yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Nigeria sunsuun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage {{!}} Tansi International College, Awka |url=https://tansicollege.edu.ng/content/nigeria-physical-setting-relief-and-drainage |website=tansicollege.edu.ng |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Lala mɔɣili nyɛla din tiri mɔɣa shɛŋa dabam kamani Ogun mini Osun mɔɣa kom. Mɔɣili ŋɔ wulinluhili nyɛ Kogi state ka nyɛ din mali tarisi ni Ondo mini Edo pɔi ka naai kpɛ Edo yaɣili, ni ka di chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ogbese mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi zo n-ti naai [[Benin River|Benin Estuary]] din be [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions |date=1997 |publisher=Eribo |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061632/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |access-date=2023-09-04 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904162309/https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |journal=International Journal of Applied Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=609–623 |issn=2394-7500 |eissn=2394-5869 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061536/https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mythology and History == Edo taarihi puuni nyɛla din wuhi ni Ovia nyɛla din jandi paɣa ŋun yina Uhen tiŋkpaŋ ka sokam daa mi o ka di nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=BAR International Series |journal=British Archaeological Reports |date=1978 |issue=215–216 |page=314 |isbn=978-0-86054-275-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+river+oyo+snail |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa po, o nyɛla ŋun kuli Naa koŋko. Tiŋgbani shɛli dabam, Naa zaŋ n-ti Oyo nyɛla ŋun daa nya Ovia's viɛllim ŋɔ ka daa yɛlli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ o leei o paɣa. Ovia's lammba nyɛla ban daa saɣi n-ti ni lala Naa ŋɔ kpuɣi o ka daa n ti binyɛra kamani ko'tɔri duɣu ni din daa pahi. Ovia's Naa paɣi taba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo kingdom]] nyɛla ban daa zabiri o nyuli ka daa bori ni bɛ saɣim o yuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellermann |first1=Pauline von |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=Ovia+river+oyo+king&pg=PA39 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Taarihi zaŋ n-ti Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni taɣi shɛli ni [[Culture of Nigeria|Nigeria's heritage]]..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=A Short History of Benin |date=1960 |publisher=Ibadan University Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061539/https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Darling1984b" /> === Cultural significance === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada n-ti pahi tima anfaani lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=collections.si.edu |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905105022/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lahabali din yina lala yaɣili ŋɔ wuhiya ni Ovia daa nyɛla paɣi viɛlli ŋun daa lɛbigi o maŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di leei mɔɣi'titali din be Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061541/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udo Town Wall |url=https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiŋsi pam nyɛla ban jamdi o amaa yɛlimɔŋda nyɛla din be lala yaɣili maa. Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ kpɛ shɛli.<ref name="WesternStateofNigeria1962" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-09-28 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51764-5 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ovia chuɣuf saha, mɔɣili maa kaya ni taada puuni, dabba pam ban be tiŋ maa nyɛla ban kpɛri "seclusion" din be di buɣili maa ni n ti saha kamani bakoyi zaŋ chaŋ chira.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |title=The Nigerian Field |date=1975 |publisher=Nigerian Field Society |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826104731/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |url-status=live }}</ref> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali ninpɔrigu pɔri bɛ niini ka wari waa.<ref name="Osemwowa2000" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Ronald P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |title=Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People |last2=Egbokhare |first2=Francis O. |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-4030-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wawari kam nyɛla ŋun zani n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa pun jamdi li ka lahi ka bɛ nyɛvuya ni ka bɛ zaɣ'yino kam nyɛ ban niŋdi lala niriba ŋɔ ni daa niŋdi shɛm.<ref name="Osadolor2001" /><ref name="WalkerRobin2006" /> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla din zaŋdi ninvuɣ shɛba niŋdi maa miriti ban kpi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |title=Water-supply Paper |date=1946 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.edoworld.net |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/http://edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani ni chɛha, di shɛŋa nyɛ gu ka taɣi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu mini zaba lala dabisa ŋɔ ni.<ref name=KitWestler1998/><ref name=Osemwekha2019/> Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ pahi chuɣu puhibu ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ero |first=Osayomwanbo Osemwegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD |date=2003 |publisher=Nosa Computers |isbn=978-978-31533-7-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani waa wabu, Ikpasa binkɔmda ŋmɛbu n-ti pahi yili yilibu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb150-us03 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062048/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/210c3ee2-ddd3-3c1f-9dbe-20714f69f785 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din paagi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dennett |first=Richard Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |title=At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa |date=1968 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-1653-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Chuɣu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla saha shɛli tiŋ maa nima ni laɣindi taba wuhiri taba nangban yini tali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=Benin Law and Custom |date=1949 |publisher=Niger Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NGIA1994/> Anfaani shɛŋa mini nanbu zobu shɛŋa niriba ni nyari Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ saha nyɛ bɛ ni yu shɛli pam.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019/><ref name=Adodoh2016/><ref name=Darling1984c/> Chuɣu ŋɔ naabu ni, paɣaba ban be tiŋ maa ni nyɛla ban wari Agbala waa ka di nyɛ din wuhiri dabba ŋɔ labbu na bɛ sani.<ref name=AGBEJAetal2018/><ref name=OdiluGodwin2019/> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din naari ni champaŋ taba paɣaba mini dabba sunsuun ka di nyɛ din kpaŋsiri nangban yini tali bɛ sunsuun tiŋ maa ni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kaya ni taada mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti tiŋsi mini bihi shɛba bɛ ni na yɛn dɔɣi.<ref name=IduborNE2016/><ref name=Egharevba1946/> Di nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali baŋdi bɛ kpaŋmaŋ tumanima mini bɛ lu luɣ'shɛŋa balla ŋɔ ni di gbaai bahindi Bini mini Esan niriba.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=El-Sheekh |first1=Mostafa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |title=Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability |last2=Elsaied |first2=Hosam Easa |date=2023-02-15 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-95528-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=G. A. |date=1976 |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |issn=0018-2540 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904163244/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lala tiŋsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban mi bɛ yanima mɔɣili ŋɔ shee ka mali dihitabili ni lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din yɛn nyuhi ba ka dihi ba.<ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |title=The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria |date=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei pukparilim yaa shee ka nyɛ din tam niŋdi bindira kamani nyuli, banchi n-ti pahi bindira shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni diri lala yaɣili.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellermann |first=Pauline von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=MHAI1972/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017/><ref name=Omoregie1972/> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali tim anfaanima pam.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-135/><ref name=AjayiSS2005/> Niriba nyɛla ban jamdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ nya sɔŋsim di sani.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-25986-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omoregie1997-61" /> Dabilim gba nyɛla din chani viɛnyɛla pam ni. Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei dabilim shee pam ka niriba nyɛ ban mali bindira taɣiri taba.<ref name="Francis 1939 y184">{{cite web |last=Francis |first=Abai |date=10 March 1939 |title=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) |url=https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904164800/https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omoregie |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |date=1972 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-60925-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Noriode |first1=Rukeme M. |last2=Idowu |first2=Emmanuel T. |last3=Otubanjo |first3=Olubunmi A. |last4=Mafe |first4=Margaret A. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012 |pmid=28970097 |issn=1876-0341 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700 |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-12-05 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51765-2 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kundivihira == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |title=List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA |author=Nigeria Zip Codes |publisher=Nigeria Zip Codes |year=2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623114049/http://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WesternStateofNigeria1962>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |author=Western State of Nigeria |journal=WNLN |volume=37 |pages=B-67, B-305 |title=Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria |publisher=Government Printer |year=1962 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Osemwowa2000>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |page=93 |title=The customary law of the Binis |author=Osemwowa U |publisher=Fine-Fare Int'l. Coy |year=2000 |isbn=9789783511460 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |pages=176–177, 188–189 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=Wesler and Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052307/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |publisher=Lang P |title=A popular history of Benin: the rise and fall of a mighty forest kingdom |author=Roese and Bondarenko |year=2003 |isbn=9783631504727 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984-166>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+edion |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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|archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1972>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |author=Omoregie S B |year=1972 |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |publisher=Longman Group (Far East) Ltd |isbn=9780582609259 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984b>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+uzeghudu+esigie |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 155 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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University of Hamburg, Germany |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709031938/https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2001/544/pdf/Disse.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998-177>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |pages=176–177 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052259/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1997-61>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |author=Omoregie S B |year=1997 |title=Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan |publisher=Neraso Publishers |isbn=9789782734358 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1946>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |title=Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1946 |publisher=Kraus Reprint |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OdiluGodwin2019>{{cite book |url=https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |title=Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State |author=Odilu G |year=2019 |publisher=Afribary |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092022/https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OliverRolandAnthony1965>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |title=Africa in the days of exploration |author=Oliver R A |year=1965 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780130184245 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WalkerRobin2006>{{cite book |url=https://whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |title=When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD) |author=Walker R |year=2006 |publisher=Reklaw Education Ltd |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110618/http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=IduborNE2016>{{cite web |url=http://facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |title=The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great |author=Idubor N E |website=[[Facebook]] |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131043648/https://www.facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=AGBEJAetal2018>{{cite journal |url=https://cfa-international.org/userfiles/files/2ND%20CFA%20PROCEEDINGS.534%20Pages.pdf |title=COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA |author=AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter |year=2018 |publisher=Debo Prints |pages=186–187 |access-date=2 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> <ref name=AjayiSS2005>{{cite journal |url=https://fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |title=CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA |author=Ajayi, S. S. |journal=Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management |year=2005 |publisher=FAO |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225744/http://www.fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=VictorFufeyin1993>{{cite journal |title=Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2 |author=Victor & Fufeyin |journal=Tropical Zoology |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=EncyclopaediaBritannica2011>{{cite journal |url=https://britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |title=Bight of Benin |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |journal=Encyclopaedia Britannica |year=2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022048/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-135>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua%2C+Ora+ |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua,+Ora+ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame%2C+ovia |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052309/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=TraditionalRulersAndChiefsEdit1979>{{cite journal |author=Bendel State of Nigeria |journal=Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette |volume=16 |pages=A-139 |title=Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979 |publisher=Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports |year=1979}}</ref> <ref name=Aisien2001>{{cite book |author=Aisien E |year=2001 |title=The Benin City pilgrimage stations |publisher=Aisien Publishers}}</ref> <ref name=Bradbury1957>{{cite book |author=Bradbury R E |year=1957 |title=The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria |series=Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13 |publisher=International African Institute, London}}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1968>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1968 |pages=26 |publisher=Ibadan University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Ben-Amos1979>{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin |author=Ben-Amos P |year=1979 |publisher=Rive Gauche Productions, Paris}}</ref> <ref name=Olupona2000>{{cite book |title=African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions |author=Olupona J K |year=2000 |pages=134 |series=World spirituality, v. 3 |publisher=Crossroad, New York}}</ref> <ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997>{{cite book |title=Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie |author=Marin, Feau and Joubert |year=1997 |publisher=Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://www.edostate.gov.ng/ Edo State Government Official Website] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Edo State]] [[Category:Rivers of Kogi State]] 6tnu1inp7tmw24h7icw2lvufhj34gd7 137842 137841 2026-05-29T10:13:47Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ovia River | image = | image_caption = Ovia River meandering through lush forests | map = <!-- Optional: Insert a map of the river's course --> | map_caption = <!-- Optional: Caption for the map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the lower mouth of the Ovia River in Nigeria | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- Optional: Alternative text for the pushpin map --> | coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates of the river's mouth --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- Optional: Footnotes for coordinates --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Edo State]], [[Kogi State]], [[Ondo State]] | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = [[West Africa]] | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum width of the river --> | width_avg = <!-- Optional: Average width of the river --> | width_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum width of the river --> | depth_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum depth of the river --> | depth_avg = <!-- Optional: Average depth of the river --> | depth_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum depth of the river --> | discharge1_location = <!-- Optional: Location for discharge measurements --> | discharge1_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum discharge --> | discharge1_avg = 42 m³/s (1,483 cfs) | discharge1_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum discharge --> | source1 = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source1_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source2 = <!-- Optional: Additional source --> | source2_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates for additional source --> | mouth = [[Benin River]] | mouth_location = <!-- Optional: Location of the river's mouth --> | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|05|54|36|N|05|16|12|E|display=inline,title}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = <!-- Optional: Notable landmarks within the basin --> | basin_population = <!-- Optional: Population within the river's basin --> | tributaries_left = <!-- Optional: Left bank tributaries --> | tributaries_right = <!-- Optional: Right bank tributaries --> | waterbodies = <!-- Optional: Major water bodies connected to the river --> | custom_label = <!-- Optional: Custom label --> | custom_data = <!-- Optional: Custom data --> | extra = <!-- Optional: Additional information --> }} '''Ovia River''' ŋɔ bee '''Osse River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi tiŋgbani yaɣa kamani Kogi, Ondo n-ti pahi Edo pɔi naai [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani kilomita kɔbigi ni pishi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wesler |first=Kit W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |date=1998 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-610-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061538/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}}{{!}} DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED {{!}}{{!}} |url=https://www.dubri.com/history.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.dubri.com |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204220416/http://dubri.com/history.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == Geography == Ovia (Osse) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Apata hills yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Yorubaland]] plateau, yaɣ'shɛli din tooi mali mɔɣa zaŋ chaŋ Niger-Benue mini tiŋ yuli booni Kabba din be Ekiti mini Koji yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Nigeria sunsuun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage {{!}} Tansi International College, Awka |url=https://tansicollege.edu.ng/content/nigeria-physical-setting-relief-and-drainage |website=tansicollege.edu.ng |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Lala mɔɣili nyɛla din tiri mɔɣa shɛŋa dabam kamani Ogun mini Osun mɔɣa kom. Mɔɣili ŋɔ wulinluhili nyɛ Kogi state ka nyɛ din mali tarisi ni Ondo mini Edo pɔi ka naai kpɛ Edo yaɣili, ni ka di chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ogbese mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi zo n-ti naai [[Benin River|Benin Estuary]] din be [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions |date=1997 |publisher=Eribo |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061632/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |access-date=2023-09-04 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904162309/https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |journal=International Journal of Applied Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=609–623 |issn=2394-7500 |eissn=2394-5869 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061536/https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mythology and History == Edo taarihi puuni nyɛla din wuhi ni Ovia nyɛla din jandi paɣa ŋun yina Uhen tiŋkpaŋ ka sokam daa mi o ka di nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=BAR International Series |journal=British Archaeological Reports |date=1978 |issue=215–216 |page=314 |isbn=978-0-86054-275-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+river+oyo+snail |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa po, o nyɛla ŋun kuli Naa koŋko. Tiŋgbani shɛli dabam, Naa zaŋ n-ti Oyo nyɛla ŋun daa nya Ovia's viɛllim ŋɔ ka daa yɛlli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ o leei o paɣa. Ovia's lammba nyɛla ban daa saɣi n-ti ni lala Naa ŋɔ kpuɣi o ka daa n ti binyɛra kamani ko'tɔri duɣu ni din daa pahi. Ovia's Naa paɣi taba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo kingdom]] nyɛla ban daa zabiri o nyuli ka daa bori ni bɛ saɣim o yuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellermann |first1=Pauline von |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=Ovia+river+oyo+king&pg=PA39 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Taarihi zaŋ n-ti Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni taɣi shɛli ni [[Culture of Nigeria|Nigeria's heritage]]..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=A Short History of Benin |date=1960 |publisher=Ibadan University Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061539/https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Darling1984b" /> === Cultural significance === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada n-ti pahi tima anfaani lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=collections.si.edu |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905105022/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lahabali din yina lala yaɣili ŋɔ wuhiya ni Ovia daa nyɛla paɣi viɛlli ŋun daa lɛbigi o maŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di leei mɔɣi'titali din be Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061541/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udo Town Wall |url=https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiŋsi pam nyɛla ban jamdi o amaa yɛlimɔŋda nyɛla din be lala yaɣili maa. Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ kpɛ shɛli.<ref name="WesternStateofNigeria1962" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-09-28 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51764-5 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ovia chuɣuf saha, mɔɣili maa kaya ni taada puuni, dabba pam ban be tiŋ maa nyɛla ban kpɛri "seclusion" din be di buɣili maa ni n ti saha kamani bakoyi zaŋ chaŋ chira.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |title=The Nigerian Field |date=1975 |publisher=Nigerian Field Society |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826104731/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |url-status=live }}</ref> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali ninpɔrigu pɔri bɛ niini ka wari waa.<ref name="Osemwowa2000" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Ronald P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |title=Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People |last2=Egbokhare |first2=Francis O. |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-4030-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wawari kam nyɛla ŋun zani n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa pun jamdi li ka lahi ka bɛ nyɛvuya ni ka bɛ zaɣ'yino kam nyɛ ban niŋdi lala niriba ŋɔ ni daa niŋdi shɛm.<ref name="Osadolor2001" /><ref name="WalkerRobin2006" /> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla din zaŋdi ninvuɣ shɛba niŋdi maa miriti ban kpi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |title=Water-supply Paper |date=1946 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.edoworld.net |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/http://edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani ni chɛha, di shɛŋa nyɛ gu ka taɣi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu mini zaba lala dabisa ŋɔ ni.<ref name=KitWestler1998/><ref name=Osemwekha2019/> Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ pahi chuɣu puhibu ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ero |first=Osayomwanbo Osemwegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD |date=2003 |publisher=Nosa Computers |isbn=978-978-31533-7-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani waa wabu, Ikpasa binkɔmda ŋmɛbu n-ti pahi yili yilibu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb150-us03 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062048/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/210c3ee2-ddd3-3c1f-9dbe-20714f69f785 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din paagi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dennett |first=Richard Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |title=At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa |date=1968 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-1653-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Chuɣu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla saha shɛli tiŋ maa nima ni laɣindi taba wuhiri taba nangban yini tali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=Benin Law and Custom |date=1949 |publisher=Niger Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NGIA1994/> Anfaani shɛŋa mini nanbu zobu shɛŋa niriba ni nyari Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ saha nyɛ bɛ ni yu shɛli pam.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019/><ref name=Adodoh2016/><ref name=Darling1984c/> Chuɣu ŋɔ naabu ni, paɣaba ban be tiŋ maa ni nyɛla ban wari Agbala waa ka di nyɛ din wuhiri dabba ŋɔ labbu na bɛ sani.<ref name=AGBEJAetal2018/><ref name=OdiluGodwin2019/> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din naari ni champaŋ taba paɣaba mini dabba sunsuun ka di nyɛ din kpaŋsiri nangban yini tali bɛ sunsuun tiŋ maa ni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kaya ni taada mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti tiŋsi mini bihi shɛba bɛ ni na yɛn dɔɣi.<ref name=IduborNE2016/><ref name=Egharevba1946/> Di nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali baŋdi bɛ kpaŋmaŋ tumanima mini bɛ lu luɣ'shɛŋa balla ŋɔ ni di gbaai bahindi Bini mini Esan niriba.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=El-Sheekh |first1=Mostafa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |title=Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability |last2=Elsaied |first2=Hosam Easa |date=2023-02-15 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-95528-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=G. A. |date=1976 |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |issn=0018-2540 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904163244/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lala tiŋsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban mi bɛ yanima mɔɣili ŋɔ shee ka mali dihitabili ni lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din yɛn nyuhi ba ka dihi ba.<ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |title=The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria |date=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei pukparilim yaa shee ka nyɛ din tam niŋdi bindira kamani nyuli, banchi n-ti pahi bindira shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni diri lala yaɣili.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellermann |first=Pauline von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=MHAI1972/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017/><ref name=Omoregie1972/> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali tim anfaanima pam.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-135/><ref name=AjayiSS2005/> Niriba nyɛla ban jamdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ nya sɔŋsim di sani.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-25986-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omoregie1997-61" /> Dabilim gba nyɛla din chani viɛnyɛla pam ni. Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei dabilim shee pam ka niriba nyɛ ban mali bindira taɣiri taba.<ref name="Francis 1939 y184">{{cite web |last=Francis |first=Abai |date=10 March 1939 |title=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) |url=https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904164800/https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omoregie |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |date=1972 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-60925-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Noriode |first1=Rukeme M. |last2=Idowu |first2=Emmanuel T. |last3=Otubanjo |first3=Olubunmi A. |last4=Mafe |first4=Margaret A. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012 |pmid=28970097 |issn=1876-0341 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700 |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-12-05 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51765-2 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kundivihira == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |title=List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA |author=Nigeria Zip Codes |publisher=Nigeria Zip Codes |year=2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623114049/http://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WesternStateofNigeria1962>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |author=Western State of Nigeria |journal=WNLN |volume=37 |pages=B-67, B-305 |title=Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria |publisher=Government Printer |year=1962 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Osemwowa2000>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |page=93 |title=The customary law of the Binis |author=Osemwowa U |publisher=Fine-Fare Int'l. Coy |year=2000 |isbn=9789783511460 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |pages=176–177, 188–189 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=Wesler and Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052307/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |publisher=Lang P |title=A popular history of Benin: the rise and fall of a mighty forest kingdom |author=Roese and Bondarenko |year=2003 |isbn=9783631504727 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984-166>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+edion |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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|archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1972>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |author=Omoregie S B |year=1972 |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |publisher=Longman Group (Far East) Ltd |isbn=9780582609259 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984b>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+uzeghudu+esigie |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 155 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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University of Hamburg, Germany |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709031938/https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2001/544/pdf/Disse.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998-177>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |pages=176–177 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052259/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1997-61>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |author=Omoregie S B |year=1997 |title=Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan |publisher=Neraso Publishers |isbn=9789782734358 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1946>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |title=Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1946 |publisher=Kraus Reprint |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OdiluGodwin2019>{{cite book |url=https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |title=Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State |author=Odilu G |year=2019 |publisher=Afribary |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092022/https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OliverRolandAnthony1965>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |title=Africa in the days of exploration |author=Oliver R A |year=1965 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780130184245 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WalkerRobin2006>{{cite book |url=https://whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |title=When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD) |author=Walker R |year=2006 |publisher=Reklaw Education Ltd |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110618/http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=IduborNE2016>{{cite web |url=http://facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |title=The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great |author=Idubor N E |website=[[Facebook]] |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131043648/https://www.facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=AGBEJAetal2018>{{cite journal |url=https://cfa-international.org/userfiles/files/2ND%20CFA%20PROCEEDINGS.534%20Pages.pdf |title=COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA |author=AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter |year=2018 |publisher=Debo Prints |pages=186–187 |access-date=2 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> <ref name=AjayiSS2005>{{cite journal |url=https://fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |title=CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA |author=Ajayi, S. S. |journal=Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management |year=2005 |publisher=FAO |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225744/http://www.fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=VictorFufeyin1993>{{cite journal |title=Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2 |author=Victor & Fufeyin |journal=Tropical Zoology |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=EncyclopaediaBritannica2011>{{cite journal |url=https://britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |title=Bight of Benin |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |journal=Encyclopaedia Britannica |year=2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022048/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-135>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua%2C+Ora+ |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua,+Ora+ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame%2C+ovia |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052309/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=TraditionalRulersAndChiefsEdit1979>{{cite journal |author=Bendel State of Nigeria |journal=Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette |volume=16 |pages=A-139 |title=Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979 |publisher=Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports |year=1979}}</ref> <ref name=Aisien2001>{{cite book |author=Aisien E |year=2001 |title=The Benin City pilgrimage stations |publisher=Aisien Publishers}}</ref> <ref name=Bradbury1957>{{cite book |author=Bradbury R E |year=1957 |title=The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria |series=Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13 |publisher=International African Institute, London}}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1968>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1968 |pages=26 |publisher=Ibadan University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Ben-Amos1979>{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin |author=Ben-Amos P |year=1979 |publisher=Rive Gauche Productions, Paris}}</ref> <ref name=Olupona2000>{{cite book |title=African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions |author=Olupona J K |year=2000 |pages=134 |series=World spirituality, v. 3 |publisher=Crossroad, New York}}</ref> <ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997>{{cite book |title=Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie |author=Marin, Feau and Joubert |year=1997 |publisher=Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://www.edostate.gov.ng/ Edo State Government Official Website] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Edo State]] [[Category:Rivers of Kogi State]] mhni5d312g1h6sux4xee8ft3rbpbtz2 137843 137842 2026-05-29T10:16:58Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ovia River | image = | image_caption = Ovia River meandering through lush forests | map = <!-- Optional: Insert a map of the river's course --> | map_caption = <!-- Optional: Caption for the map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the lower mouth of the Ovia River in Nigeria | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- Optional: Alternative text for the pushpin map --> | coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates of the river's mouth --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- Optional: Footnotes for coordinates --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Edo State]], [[Kogi State]], [[Ondo State]] | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = [[West Africa]] | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum width of the river --> | width_avg = <!-- Optional: Average width of the river --> | width_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum width of the river --> | depth_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum depth of the river --> | depth_avg = <!-- Optional: Average depth of the river --> | depth_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum depth of the river --> | discharge1_location = <!-- Optional: Location for discharge measurements --> | discharge1_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum discharge --> | discharge1_avg = 42 m³/s (1,483 cfs) | discharge1_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum discharge --> | source1 = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source1_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source2 = <!-- Optional: Additional source --> | source2_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates for additional source --> | mouth = [[Benin River]] | mouth_location = <!-- Optional: Location of the river's mouth --> | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|05|54|36|N|05|16|12|E|display=inline,title}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = <!-- Optional: Notable landmarks within the basin --> | basin_population = <!-- Optional: Population within the river's basin --> | tributaries_left = <!-- Optional: Left bank tributaries --> | tributaries_right = <!-- Optional: Right bank tributaries --> | waterbodies = <!-- Optional: Major water bodies connected to the river --> | custom_label = <!-- Optional: Custom label --> | custom_data = <!-- Optional: Custom data --> | extra = <!-- Optional: Additional information --> }} '''Ovia Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ bee '''Osse River''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi tiŋgbani yaɣa kamani Kogi, Ondo n-ti pahi Edo pɔi naai [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani kilomita kɔbigi ni pishi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wesler |first=Kit W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |date=1998 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-610-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061538/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}}{{!}} DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED {{!}}{{!}} |url=https://www.dubri.com/history.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.dubri.com |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204220416/http://dubri.com/history.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == Geography == Ovia (Osse) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Apata hills yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Yorubaland]] plateau, yaɣ'shɛli din tooi mali mɔɣa zaŋ chaŋ Niger-Benue mini tiŋ yuli booni Kabba din be Ekiti mini Koji yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Nigeria sunsuun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage {{!}} Tansi International College, Awka |url=https://tansicollege.edu.ng/content/nigeria-physical-setting-relief-and-drainage |website=tansicollege.edu.ng |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Lala mɔɣili nyɛla din tiri mɔɣa shɛŋa dabam kamani Ogun mini Osun mɔɣa kom. Mɔɣili ŋɔ wulinluhili nyɛ Kogi state ka nyɛ din mali tarisi ni Ondo mini Edo pɔi ka naai kpɛ Edo yaɣili, ni ka di chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ogbese mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi zo n-ti naai [[Benin River|Benin Estuary]] din be [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions |date=1997 |publisher=Eribo |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061632/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |access-date=2023-09-04 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904162309/https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |journal=International Journal of Applied Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=609–623 |issn=2394-7500 |eissn=2394-5869 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061536/https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mythology and History == Edo taarihi puuni nyɛla din wuhi ni Ovia nyɛla din jandi paɣa ŋun yina Uhen tiŋkpaŋ ka sokam daa mi o ka di nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=BAR International Series |journal=British Archaeological Reports |date=1978 |issue=215–216 |page=314 |isbn=978-0-86054-275-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+river+oyo+snail |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa po, o nyɛla ŋun kuli Naa koŋko. Tiŋgbani shɛli dabam, Naa zaŋ n-ti Oyo nyɛla ŋun daa nya Ovia's viɛllim ŋɔ ka daa yɛlli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ o leei o paɣa. Ovia's lammba nyɛla ban daa saɣi n-ti ni lala Naa ŋɔ kpuɣi o ka daa n ti binyɛra kamani ko'tɔri duɣu ni din daa pahi. Ovia's Naa paɣi taba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo kingdom]] nyɛla ban daa zabiri o nyuli ka daa bori ni bɛ saɣim o yuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellermann |first1=Pauline von |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=Ovia+river+oyo+king&pg=PA39 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Taarihi zaŋ n-ti Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni taɣi shɛli ni [[Culture of Nigeria|Nigeria's heritage]]..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=A Short History of Benin |date=1960 |publisher=Ibadan University Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061539/https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Darling1984b" /> === Cultural significance === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada n-ti pahi tima anfaani lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=collections.si.edu |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905105022/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lahabali din yina lala yaɣili ŋɔ wuhiya ni Ovia daa nyɛla paɣi viɛlli ŋun daa lɛbigi o maŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di leei mɔɣi'titali din be Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061541/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udo Town Wall |url=https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiŋsi pam nyɛla ban jamdi o amaa yɛlimɔŋda nyɛla din be lala yaɣili maa. Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ kpɛ shɛli.<ref name="WesternStateofNigeria1962" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-09-28 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51764-5 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ovia chuɣuf saha, mɔɣili maa kaya ni taada puuni, dabba pam ban be tiŋ maa nyɛla ban kpɛri "seclusion" din be di buɣili maa ni n ti saha kamani bakoyi zaŋ chaŋ chira.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |title=The Nigerian Field |date=1975 |publisher=Nigerian Field Society |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826104731/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |url-status=live }}</ref> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali ninpɔrigu pɔri bɛ niini ka wari waa.<ref name="Osemwowa2000" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Ronald P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |title=Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People |last2=Egbokhare |first2=Francis O. |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-4030-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wawari kam nyɛla ŋun zani n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa pun jamdi li ka lahi ka bɛ nyɛvuya ni ka bɛ zaɣ'yino kam nyɛ ban niŋdi lala niriba ŋɔ ni daa niŋdi shɛm.<ref name="Osadolor2001" /><ref name="WalkerRobin2006" /> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla din zaŋdi ninvuɣ shɛba niŋdi maa miriti ban kpi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |title=Water-supply Paper |date=1946 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.edoworld.net |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/http://edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani ni chɛha, di shɛŋa nyɛ gu ka taɣi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu mini zaba lala dabisa ŋɔ ni.<ref name=KitWestler1998/><ref name=Osemwekha2019/> Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ pahi chuɣu puhibu ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ero |first=Osayomwanbo Osemwegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD |date=2003 |publisher=Nosa Computers |isbn=978-978-31533-7-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani waa wabu, Ikpasa binkɔmda ŋmɛbu n-ti pahi yili yilibu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb150-us03 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062048/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/210c3ee2-ddd3-3c1f-9dbe-20714f69f785 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din paagi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dennett |first=Richard Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |title=At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa |date=1968 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-1653-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Chuɣu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla saha shɛli tiŋ maa nima ni laɣindi taba wuhiri taba nangban yini tali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=Benin Law and Custom |date=1949 |publisher=Niger Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NGIA1994/> Anfaani shɛŋa mini nanbu zobu shɛŋa niriba ni nyari Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ saha nyɛ bɛ ni yu shɛli pam.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019/><ref name=Adodoh2016/><ref name=Darling1984c/> Chuɣu ŋɔ naabu ni, paɣaba ban be tiŋ maa ni nyɛla ban wari Agbala waa ka di nyɛ din wuhiri dabba ŋɔ labbu na bɛ sani.<ref name=AGBEJAetal2018/><ref name=OdiluGodwin2019/> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din naari ni champaŋ taba paɣaba mini dabba sunsuun ka di nyɛ din kpaŋsiri nangban yini tali bɛ sunsuun tiŋ maa ni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kaya ni taada mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti tiŋsi mini bihi shɛba bɛ ni na yɛn dɔɣi.<ref name=IduborNE2016/><ref name=Egharevba1946/> Di nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali baŋdi bɛ kpaŋmaŋ tumanima mini bɛ lu luɣ'shɛŋa balla ŋɔ ni di gbaai bahindi Bini mini Esan niriba.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=El-Sheekh |first1=Mostafa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |title=Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability |last2=Elsaied |first2=Hosam Easa |date=2023-02-15 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-95528-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=G. A. |date=1976 |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |issn=0018-2540 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904163244/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lala tiŋsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban mi bɛ yanima mɔɣili ŋɔ shee ka mali dihitabili ni lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din yɛn nyuhi ba ka dihi ba.<ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |title=The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria |date=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei pukparilim yaa shee ka nyɛ din tam niŋdi bindira kamani nyuli, banchi n-ti pahi bindira shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni diri lala yaɣili.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellermann |first=Pauline von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=MHAI1972/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017/><ref name=Omoregie1972/> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali tim anfaanima pam.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-135/><ref name=AjayiSS2005/> Niriba nyɛla ban jamdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ nya sɔŋsim di sani.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-25986-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omoregie1997-61" /> Dabilim gba nyɛla din chani viɛnyɛla pam ni. Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei dabilim shee pam ka niriba nyɛ ban mali bindira taɣiri taba.<ref name="Francis 1939 y184">{{cite web |last=Francis |first=Abai |date=10 March 1939 |title=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) |url=https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904164800/https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omoregie |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |date=1972 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-60925-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Noriode |first1=Rukeme M. |last2=Idowu |first2=Emmanuel T. |last3=Otubanjo |first3=Olubunmi A. |last4=Mafe |first4=Margaret A. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012 |pmid=28970097 |issn=1876-0341 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700 |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-12-05 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51765-2 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kundivihira == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |title=List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA |author=Nigeria Zip Codes |publisher=Nigeria Zip Codes |year=2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623114049/http://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WesternStateofNigeria1962>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |author=Western State of Nigeria |journal=WNLN |volume=37 |pages=B-67, B-305 |title=Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria |publisher=Government Printer |year=1962 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Osemwowa2000>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |page=93 |title=The customary law of the Binis |author=Osemwowa U |publisher=Fine-Fare Int'l. Coy |year=2000 |isbn=9789783511460 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |pages=176–177, 188–189 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=Wesler and Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052307/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |publisher=Lang P |title=A popular history of Benin: the rise and fall of a mighty forest kingdom |author=Roese and Bondarenko |year=2003 |isbn=9783631504727 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984-166>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+edion |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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|archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1972>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |author=Omoregie S B |year=1972 |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |publisher=Longman Group (Far East) Ltd |isbn=9780582609259 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984b>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+uzeghudu+esigie |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 155 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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University of Hamburg, Germany |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709031938/https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2001/544/pdf/Disse.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998-177>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |pages=176–177 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052259/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1997-61>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |author=Omoregie S B |year=1997 |title=Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan |publisher=Neraso Publishers |isbn=9789782734358 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1946>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |title=Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1946 |publisher=Kraus Reprint |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OdiluGodwin2019>{{cite book |url=https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |title=Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State |author=Odilu G |year=2019 |publisher=Afribary |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092022/https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OliverRolandAnthony1965>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |title=Africa in the days of exploration |author=Oliver R A |year=1965 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780130184245 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WalkerRobin2006>{{cite book |url=https://whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |title=When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD) |author=Walker R |year=2006 |publisher=Reklaw Education Ltd |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110618/http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=IduborNE2016>{{cite web |url=http://facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |title=The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great |author=Idubor N E |website=[[Facebook]] |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131043648/https://www.facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=AGBEJAetal2018>{{cite journal |url=https://cfa-international.org/userfiles/files/2ND%20CFA%20PROCEEDINGS.534%20Pages.pdf |title=COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA |author=AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter |year=2018 |publisher=Debo Prints |pages=186–187 |access-date=2 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> <ref name=AjayiSS2005>{{cite journal |url=https://fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |title=CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA |author=Ajayi, S. S. |journal=Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management |year=2005 |publisher=FAO |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225744/http://www.fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=VictorFufeyin1993>{{cite journal |title=Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2 |author=Victor & Fufeyin |journal=Tropical Zoology |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=EncyclopaediaBritannica2011>{{cite journal |url=https://britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |title=Bight of Benin |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |journal=Encyclopaedia Britannica |year=2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022048/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-135>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua%2C+Ora+ |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua,+Ora+ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame%2C+ovia |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052309/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=TraditionalRulersAndChiefsEdit1979>{{cite journal |author=Bendel State of Nigeria |journal=Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette |volume=16 |pages=A-139 |title=Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979 |publisher=Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports |year=1979}}</ref> <ref name=Aisien2001>{{cite book |author=Aisien E |year=2001 |title=The Benin City pilgrimage stations |publisher=Aisien Publishers}}</ref> <ref name=Bradbury1957>{{cite book |author=Bradbury R E |year=1957 |title=The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria |series=Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13 |publisher=International African Institute, London}}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1968>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1968 |pages=26 |publisher=Ibadan University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Ben-Amos1979>{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin |author=Ben-Amos P |year=1979 |publisher=Rive Gauche Productions, Paris}}</ref> <ref name=Olupona2000>{{cite book |title=African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions |author=Olupona J K |year=2000 |pages=134 |series=World spirituality, v. 3 |publisher=Crossroad, New York}}</ref> <ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997>{{cite book |title=Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie |author=Marin, Feau and Joubert |year=1997 |publisher=Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://www.edostate.gov.ng/ Edo State Government Official Website] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Edo State]] [[Category:Rivers of Kogi State]] cw5bwdkpv3fmwajo7ireysb0bwzv6oj 137844 137843 2026-05-29T10:17:28Z Kalakpagh 2501 Updated Content 137844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ovia River | image = | image_caption = Ovia River meandering through lush forests | map = <!-- Optional: Insert a map of the river's course --> | map_caption = <!-- Optional: Caption for the map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the lower mouth of the Ovia River in Nigeria | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- Optional: Alternative text for the pushpin map --> | coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates of the river's mouth --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- Optional: Footnotes for coordinates --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Edo State]], [[Kogi State]], [[Ondo State]] | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = [[West Africa]] | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum width of the river --> | width_avg = <!-- Optional: Average width of the river --> | width_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum width of the river --> | depth_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum depth of the river --> | depth_avg = <!-- Optional: Average depth of the river --> | depth_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum depth of the river --> | discharge1_location = <!-- Optional: Location for discharge measurements --> | discharge1_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum discharge --> | discharge1_avg = 42 m³/s (1,483 cfs) | discharge1_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum discharge --> | source1 = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source1_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source2 = <!-- Optional: Additional source --> | source2_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates for additional source --> | mouth = [[Benin River]] | mouth_location = <!-- Optional: Location of the river's mouth --> | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|05|54|36|N|05|16|12|E|display=inline,title}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = <!-- Optional: Notable landmarks within the basin --> | basin_population = <!-- Optional: Population within the river's basin --> | tributaries_left = <!-- Optional: Left bank tributaries --> | tributaries_right = <!-- Optional: Right bank tributaries --> | waterbodies = <!-- Optional: Major water bodies connected to the river --> | custom_label = <!-- Optional: Custom label --> | custom_data = <!-- Optional: Custom data --> | extra = <!-- Optional: Additional information --> }} '''Ovia Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ bee '''Osse Mɔɣili''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi tiŋgbani yaɣa kamani Kogi, Ondo n-ti pahi Edo pɔi naai [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani kilomita kɔbigi ni pishi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wesler |first=Kit W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |date=1998 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-610-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061538/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}}{{!}} DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED {{!}}{{!}} |url=https://www.dubri.com/history.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.dubri.com |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204220416/http://dubri.com/history.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == Geography == Ovia (Osse) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Apata hills yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Yorubaland]] plateau, yaɣ'shɛli din tooi mali mɔɣa zaŋ chaŋ Niger-Benue mini tiŋ yuli booni Kabba din be Ekiti mini Koji yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Nigeria sunsuun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage {{!}} Tansi International College, Awka |url=https://tansicollege.edu.ng/content/nigeria-physical-setting-relief-and-drainage |website=tansicollege.edu.ng |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Lala mɔɣili nyɛla din tiri mɔɣa shɛŋa dabam kamani Ogun mini Osun mɔɣa kom. Mɔɣili ŋɔ wulinluhili nyɛ Kogi state ka nyɛ din mali tarisi ni Ondo mini Edo pɔi ka naai kpɛ Edo yaɣili, ni ka di chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ogbese mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi zo n-ti naai [[Benin River|Benin Estuary]] din be [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions |date=1997 |publisher=Eribo |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061632/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |access-date=2023-09-04 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904162309/https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |journal=International Journal of Applied Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=609–623 |issn=2394-7500 |eissn=2394-5869 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061536/https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mythology and History == Edo taarihi puuni nyɛla din wuhi ni Ovia nyɛla din jandi paɣa ŋun yina Uhen tiŋkpaŋ ka sokam daa mi o ka di nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=BAR International Series |journal=British Archaeological Reports |date=1978 |issue=215–216 |page=314 |isbn=978-0-86054-275-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+river+oyo+snail |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa po, o nyɛla ŋun kuli Naa koŋko. Tiŋgbani shɛli dabam, Naa zaŋ n-ti Oyo nyɛla ŋun daa nya Ovia's viɛllim ŋɔ ka daa yɛlli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ o leei o paɣa. Ovia's lammba nyɛla ban daa saɣi n-ti ni lala Naa ŋɔ kpuɣi o ka daa n ti binyɛra kamani ko'tɔri duɣu ni din daa pahi. Ovia's Naa paɣi taba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo kingdom]] nyɛla ban daa zabiri o nyuli ka daa bori ni bɛ saɣim o yuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellermann |first1=Pauline von |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=Ovia+river+oyo+king&pg=PA39 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Taarihi zaŋ n-ti Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni taɣi shɛli ni [[Culture of Nigeria|Nigeria's heritage]]..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=A Short History of Benin |date=1960 |publisher=Ibadan University Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061539/https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Darling1984b" /> === Cultural significance === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada n-ti pahi tima anfaani lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=collections.si.edu |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905105022/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lahabali din yina lala yaɣili ŋɔ wuhiya ni Ovia daa nyɛla paɣi viɛlli ŋun daa lɛbigi o maŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di leei mɔɣi'titali din be Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061541/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udo Town Wall |url=https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiŋsi pam nyɛla ban jamdi o amaa yɛlimɔŋda nyɛla din be lala yaɣili maa. Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ kpɛ shɛli.<ref name="WesternStateofNigeria1962" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-09-28 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51764-5 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ovia chuɣuf saha, mɔɣili maa kaya ni taada puuni, dabba pam ban be tiŋ maa nyɛla ban kpɛri "seclusion" din be di buɣili maa ni n ti saha kamani bakoyi zaŋ chaŋ chira.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |title=The Nigerian Field |date=1975 |publisher=Nigerian Field Society |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826104731/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |url-status=live }}</ref> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali ninpɔrigu pɔri bɛ niini ka wari waa.<ref name="Osemwowa2000" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Ronald P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |title=Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People |last2=Egbokhare |first2=Francis O. |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-4030-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wawari kam nyɛla ŋun zani n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa pun jamdi li ka lahi ka bɛ nyɛvuya ni ka bɛ zaɣ'yino kam nyɛ ban niŋdi lala niriba ŋɔ ni daa niŋdi shɛm.<ref name="Osadolor2001" /><ref name="WalkerRobin2006" /> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla din zaŋdi ninvuɣ shɛba niŋdi maa miriti ban kpi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |title=Water-supply Paper |date=1946 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.edoworld.net |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/http://edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani ni chɛha, di shɛŋa nyɛ gu ka taɣi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu mini zaba lala dabisa ŋɔ ni.<ref name=KitWestler1998/><ref name=Osemwekha2019/> Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ pahi chuɣu puhibu ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ero |first=Osayomwanbo Osemwegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD |date=2003 |publisher=Nosa Computers |isbn=978-978-31533-7-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani waa wabu, Ikpasa binkɔmda ŋmɛbu n-ti pahi yili yilibu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb150-us03 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062048/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/210c3ee2-ddd3-3c1f-9dbe-20714f69f785 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din paagi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dennett |first=Richard Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |title=At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa |date=1968 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-1653-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Chuɣu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla saha shɛli tiŋ maa nima ni laɣindi taba wuhiri taba nangban yini tali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=Benin Law and Custom |date=1949 |publisher=Niger Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NGIA1994/> Anfaani shɛŋa mini nanbu zobu shɛŋa niriba ni nyari Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ saha nyɛ bɛ ni yu shɛli pam.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019/><ref name=Adodoh2016/><ref name=Darling1984c/> Chuɣu ŋɔ naabu ni, paɣaba ban be tiŋ maa ni nyɛla ban wari Agbala waa ka di nyɛ din wuhiri dabba ŋɔ labbu na bɛ sani.<ref name=AGBEJAetal2018/><ref name=OdiluGodwin2019/> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din naari ni champaŋ taba paɣaba mini dabba sunsuun ka di nyɛ din kpaŋsiri nangban yini tali bɛ sunsuun tiŋ maa ni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kaya ni taada mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti tiŋsi mini bihi shɛba bɛ ni na yɛn dɔɣi.<ref name=IduborNE2016/><ref name=Egharevba1946/> Di nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali baŋdi bɛ kpaŋmaŋ tumanima mini bɛ lu luɣ'shɛŋa balla ŋɔ ni di gbaai bahindi Bini mini Esan niriba.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=El-Sheekh |first1=Mostafa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |title=Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability |last2=Elsaied |first2=Hosam Easa |date=2023-02-15 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-95528-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=G. A. |date=1976 |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |issn=0018-2540 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904163244/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lala tiŋsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban mi bɛ yanima mɔɣili ŋɔ shee ka mali dihitabili ni lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din yɛn nyuhi ba ka dihi ba.<ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |title=The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria |date=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei pukparilim yaa shee ka nyɛ din tam niŋdi bindira kamani nyuli, banchi n-ti pahi bindira shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni diri lala yaɣili.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellermann |first=Pauline von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=MHAI1972/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017/><ref name=Omoregie1972/> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali tim anfaanima pam.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-135/><ref name=AjayiSS2005/> Niriba nyɛla ban jamdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ nya sɔŋsim di sani.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-25986-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omoregie1997-61" /> Dabilim gba nyɛla din chani viɛnyɛla pam ni. Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei dabilim shee pam ka niriba nyɛ ban mali bindira taɣiri taba.<ref name="Francis 1939 y184">{{cite web |last=Francis |first=Abai |date=10 March 1939 |title=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) |url=https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904164800/https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omoregie |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |date=1972 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-60925-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Noriode |first1=Rukeme M. |last2=Idowu |first2=Emmanuel T. |last3=Otubanjo |first3=Olubunmi A. |last4=Mafe |first4=Margaret A. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012 |pmid=28970097 |issn=1876-0341 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700 |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-12-05 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51765-2 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kundivihira == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |title=List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA |author=Nigeria Zip Codes |publisher=Nigeria Zip Codes |year=2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623114049/http://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WesternStateofNigeria1962>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |author=Western State of Nigeria |journal=WNLN |volume=37 |pages=B-67, B-305 |title=Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria |publisher=Government Printer |year=1962 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Osemwowa2000>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |page=93 |title=The customary law of the Binis |author=Osemwowa U |publisher=Fine-Fare Int'l. Coy |year=2000 |isbn=9789783511460 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |pages=176–177, 188–189 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=Wesler and Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052307/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |publisher=Lang P |title=A popular history of Benin: the rise and fall of a mighty forest kingdom |author=Roese and Bondarenko |year=2003 |isbn=9783631504727 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984-166>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+edion |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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|archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1972>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |author=Omoregie S B |year=1972 |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |publisher=Longman Group (Far East) Ltd |isbn=9780582609259 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984b>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+uzeghudu+esigie |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 155 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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University of Hamburg, Germany |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709031938/https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2001/544/pdf/Disse.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998-177>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |pages=176–177 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052259/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1997-61>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |author=Omoregie S B |year=1997 |title=Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan |publisher=Neraso Publishers |isbn=9789782734358 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1946>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |title=Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1946 |publisher=Kraus Reprint |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OdiluGodwin2019>{{cite book |url=https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |title=Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State |author=Odilu G |year=2019 |publisher=Afribary |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092022/https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OliverRolandAnthony1965>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |title=Africa in the days of exploration |author=Oliver R A |year=1965 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780130184245 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WalkerRobin2006>{{cite book |url=https://whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |title=When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD) |author=Walker R |year=2006 |publisher=Reklaw Education Ltd |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110618/http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=IduborNE2016>{{cite web |url=http://facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |title=The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great |author=Idubor N E |website=[[Facebook]] |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131043648/https://www.facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=AGBEJAetal2018>{{cite journal |url=https://cfa-international.org/userfiles/files/2ND%20CFA%20PROCEEDINGS.534%20Pages.pdf |title=COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA |author=AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter |year=2018 |publisher=Debo Prints |pages=186–187 |access-date=2 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> <ref name=AjayiSS2005>{{cite journal |url=https://fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |title=CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA |author=Ajayi, S. S. |journal=Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management |year=2005 |publisher=FAO |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225744/http://www.fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=VictorFufeyin1993>{{cite journal |title=Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2 |author=Victor & Fufeyin |journal=Tropical Zoology |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=EncyclopaediaBritannica2011>{{cite journal |url=https://britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |title=Bight of Benin |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |journal=Encyclopaedia Britannica |year=2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022048/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-135>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua%2C+Ora+ |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua,+Ora+ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame%2C+ovia |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052309/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=TraditionalRulersAndChiefsEdit1979>{{cite journal |author=Bendel State of Nigeria |journal=Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette |volume=16 |pages=A-139 |title=Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979 |publisher=Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports |year=1979}}</ref> <ref name=Aisien2001>{{cite book |author=Aisien E |year=2001 |title=The Benin City pilgrimage stations |publisher=Aisien Publishers}}</ref> <ref name=Bradbury1957>{{cite book |author=Bradbury R E |year=1957 |title=The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria |series=Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13 |publisher=International African Institute, London}}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1968>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1968 |pages=26 |publisher=Ibadan University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Ben-Amos1979>{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin |author=Ben-Amos P |year=1979 |publisher=Rive Gauche Productions, Paris}}</ref> <ref name=Olupona2000>{{cite book |title=African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions |author=Olupona J K |year=2000 |pages=134 |series=World spirituality, v. 3 |publisher=Crossroad, New York}}</ref> <ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997>{{cite book |title=Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie |author=Marin, Feau and Joubert |year=1997 |publisher=Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://www.edostate.gov.ng/ Edo State Government Official Website] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Edo State]] [[Category:Rivers of Kogi State]] sp9mqc8yzsnfkd406hj5hwsu53lseln 137846 137844 2026-05-29T10:34:06Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) */ added information 137846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Nigeria}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ovia River | image = | image_caption = Ovia River meandering through lush forests | map = <!-- Optional: Insert a map of the river's course --> | map_caption = <!-- Optional: Caption for the map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the lower mouth of the Ovia River in Nigeria | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- Optional: Alternative text for the pushpin map --> | coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates of the river's mouth --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- Optional: Footnotes for coordinates --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Edo State]], [[Kogi State]], [[Ondo State]] | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = [[West Africa]] | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum width of the river --> | width_avg = <!-- Optional: Average width of the river --> | width_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum width of the river --> | depth_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum depth of the river --> | depth_avg = <!-- Optional: Average depth of the river --> | depth_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum depth of the river --> | discharge1_location = <!-- Optional: Location for discharge measurements --> | discharge1_min = <!-- Optional: Minimum discharge --> | discharge1_avg = 42 m³/s (1,483 cfs) | discharge1_max = <!-- Optional: Maximum discharge --> | source1 = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source1_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Add source coordinates --> | source2 = <!-- Optional: Additional source --> | source2_coordinates = <!-- Optional: Coordinates for additional source --> | mouth = [[Benin River]] | mouth_location = <!-- Optional: Location of the river's mouth --> | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|05|54|36|N|05|16|12|E|display=inline,title}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = <!-- Optional: Notable landmarks within the basin --> | basin_population = <!-- Optional: Population within the river's basin --> | tributaries_left = <!-- Optional: Left bank tributaries --> | tributaries_right = <!-- Optional: Right bank tributaries --> | waterbodies = <!-- Optional: Major water bodies connected to the river --> | custom_label = <!-- Optional: Custom label --> | custom_data = <!-- Optional: Custom data --> | extra = <!-- Optional: Additional information --> }} '''Ovia Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ bee '''Osse Mɔɣili''' nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori gindi tiŋgbani yaɣa kamani Kogi, Ondo n-ti pahi Edo pɔi naai [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani kilomita kɔbigi ni pishi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wesler |first=Kit W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |date=1998 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-610-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061538/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}}{{!}} DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED {{!}}{{!}} |url=https://www.dubri.com/history.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.dubri.com |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204220416/http://dubri.com/history.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == Geography == Ovia (Osse) mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Apata hills yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Yorubaland]] plateau, yaɣ'shɛli din tooi mali mɔɣa zaŋ chaŋ Niger-Benue mini tiŋ yuli booni Kabba din be Ekiti mini Koji yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Nigeria sunsuun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage {{!}} Tansi International College, Awka |url=https://tansicollege.edu.ng/content/nigeria-physical-setting-relief-and-drainage |website=tansicollege.edu.ng |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Lala mɔɣili nyɛla din tiri mɔɣa shɛŋa dabam kamani Ogun mini Osun mɔɣa kom. Mɔɣili ŋɔ wulinluhili nyɛ Kogi state ka nyɛ din mali tarisi ni Ondo mini Edo pɔi ka naai kpɛ Edo yaɣili, ni ka di chaŋ n-ti chirigi Ogbese mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi zo n-ti naai [[Benin River|Benin Estuary]] din be [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions |date=1997 |publisher=Eribo |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061632/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQuAQAAIAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |access-date=2023-09-04 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904162309/https://www.thecable.ng/asaba-waterfront-city-obaigbena-elumelu-and-ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |journal=International Journal of Applied Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=609–623 |issn=2394-7500 |eissn=2394-5869 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061536/https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue1/PartF/8-3-56-576.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mythology and History == Edo taarihi puuni nyɛla din wuhi ni Ovia nyɛla din jandi paɣa ŋun yina Uhen tiŋkpaŋ ka sokam daa mi o ka di nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=BAR International Series |journal=British Archaeological Reports |date=1978 |issue=215–216 |page=314 |isbn=978-0-86054-275-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+river+oyo+snail |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa po, o nyɛla ŋun kuli Naa koŋko. Tiŋgbani shɛli dabam, Naa zaŋ n-ti Oyo nyɛla ŋun daa nya Ovia's viɛllim ŋɔ ka daa yɛlli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ o leei o paɣa. Ovia's lammba nyɛla ban daa saɣi n-ti ni lala Naa ŋɔ kpuɣi o ka daa n ti binyɛra kamani ko'tɔri duɣu ni din daa pahi. Ovia's Naa paɣi taba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo kingdom]] nyɛla ban daa zabiri o nyuli ka daa bori ni bɛ saɣim o yuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellermann |first1=Pauline von |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=Ovia+river+oyo+king&pg=PA39 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Taarihi zaŋ n-ti Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni taɣi shɛli ni [[Culture of Nigeria|Nigeria's heritage]]..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |title=A Short History of Benin |date=1960 |publisher=Ibadan University Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061539/https://books.google.com/books?id=KY51AAAAMAAJ&q=Ovia+River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Darling1984b" /> === Cultural significance === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada n-ti pahi tima anfaani lala yaɣili ŋɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=collections.si.edu |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905105022/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_539990 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lahabali din yina lala yaɣili ŋɔ wuhiya ni Ovia daa nyɛla paɣi viɛlli ŋun daa lɛbigi o maŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ ka di leei mɔɣi'titali din be Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Refworld |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906061541/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df614620.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udo Town Wall |url=https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/africanlegacy/udo_town_wall.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiŋsi pam nyɛla ban jamdi o amaa yɛlimɔŋda nyɛla din be lala yaɣili maa. Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ kpɛ shɛli.<ref name="WesternStateofNigeria1962" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-09-28 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51764-5 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ovia chuɣuf saha, mɔɣili maa kaya ni taada puuni, dabba pam ban be tiŋ maa nyɛla ban kpɛri "seclusion" din be di buɣili maa ni n ti saha kamani bakoyi zaŋ chaŋ chira.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |title=The Nigerian Field |date=1975 |publisher=Nigerian Field Society |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826104731/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gMAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+esigie |url-status=live }}</ref> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali ninpɔrigu pɔri bɛ niini ka wari waa.<ref name="Osemwowa2000" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Ronald P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |title=Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People |last2=Egbokhare |first2=Francis O. |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-4030-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=y2g-15J03ZEC&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wawari kam nyɛla ŋun zani n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa pun jamdi li ka lahi ka bɛ nyɛvuya ni ka bɛ zaɣ'yino kam nyɛ ban niŋdi lala niriba ŋɔ ni daa niŋdi shɛm.<ref name="Osadolor2001" /><ref name="WalkerRobin2006" /> Bɛ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla din zaŋdi ninvuɣ shɛba niŋdi maa miriti ban kpi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |title=Water-supply Paper |date=1946 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062040/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng4lAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PR7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.edoworld.net |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/http://edoworld.net/Sacredness_Of_Ovia_Masquerades.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani ni chɛha, di shɛŋa nyɛ gu ka taɣi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu mini zaba lala dabisa ŋɔ ni.<ref name=KitWestler1998/><ref name=Osemwekha2019/> Paɣaba nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛ ni bɛ saɣi n-ti ni bɛ pahi chuɣu puhibu ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ero |first=Osayomwanbo Osemwegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD |date=2003 |publisher=Nosa Computers |isbn=978-978-31533-7-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052405/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqguAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din chani waa wabu, Ikpasa binkɔmda ŋmɛbu n-ti pahi yili yilibu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb150-us03 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062048/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/210c3ee2-ddd3-3c1f-9dbe-20714f69f785 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din paagi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dennett |first=Richard Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |title=At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa |date=1968 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-1653-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=wDjDzFeRbl8C&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Chuɣu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla saha shɛli tiŋ maa nima ni laɣindi taba wuhiri taba nangban yini tali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |title=Benin Law and Custom |date=1949 |publisher=Niger Press |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062047/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gUwAAAAIAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NGIA1994/> Anfaani shɛŋa mini nanbu zobu shɛŋa niriba ni nyari Ovia chuɣu ŋɔ saha nyɛ bɛ ni yu shɛli pam.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019/><ref name=Adodoh2016/><ref name=Darling1984c/> Chuɣu ŋɔ naabu ni, paɣaba ban be tiŋ maa ni nyɛla ban wari Agbala waa ka di nyɛ din wuhiri dabba ŋɔ labbu na bɛ sani.<ref name=AGBEJAetal2018/><ref name=OdiluGodwin2019/> Chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din naari ni champaŋ taba paɣaba mini dabba sunsuun ka di nyɛ din kpaŋsiri nangban yini tali bɛ sunsuun tiŋ maa ni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Pre-colonial era (circa 14th - 19th century) === Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla kaya ni taada mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti tiŋsi mini bihi shɛba bɛ ni na yɛn dɔɣi.<ref name=IduborNE2016/><ref name=Egharevba1946/> Di nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali baŋdi bɛ kpaŋmaŋ tumanima mini bɛ lu luɣ'shɛŋa balla ŋɔ ni di gbaai bahindi Bini mini Esan niriba.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=El-Sheekh |first1=Mostafa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |title=Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability |last2=Elsaied |first2=Hosam Easa |date=2023-02-15 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-95528-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=IMeVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=G. A. |date=1976 |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |issn=0018-2540 |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904163244/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lala tiŋsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban mi bɛ yanima mɔɣili ŋɔ shee ka mali dihitabili ni lala mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ din yɛn nyuhi ba ka dihi ba.<ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |title=The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria |date=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=yuUrAQAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA620 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei pukparilim yaa shee ka nyɛ din tam niŋdi bindira kamani nyuli, banchi n-ti pahi bindira shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni diri lala yaɣili.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellermann |first=Pauline von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |title=Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-990-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=GebTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=MHAI1972/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017/><ref name=Omoregie1972/> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali tim anfaanima pam.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-135/><ref name=AjayiSS2005/> Niriba nyɛla ban jamdi mɔɣili ŋɔ ni bɛ nya sɔŋsim di sani.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-25986-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062545/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omoregie1997-61" /> Dabilim gba nyɛla din chani viɛnyɛla pam ni. Ovia mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din leei dabilim shee pam ka niriba nyɛ ban mali bindira taɣiri taba.<ref name="Francis 1939 y184">{{cite web |last=Francis |first=Abai |date=10 March 1939 |title=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) |url=https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904164800/https://wap.org.ng/read/ijaws-in-edo-statehistory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omoregie |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin |date=1972 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-60925-9 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-04 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062619/https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Noriode |first1=Rukeme M. |last2=Idowu |first2=Emmanuel T. |last3=Otubanjo |first3=Olubunmi A. |last4=Mafe |first4=Margaret A. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012 |pmid=28970097 |issn=1876-0341 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adler |first1=Philip J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |title=World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700 |last2=Pouwels |first2=Randall L. |date=2016-12-05 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-337-51765-2 |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfi5DQAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA228 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Colonial influence (19th - 20th century) === Silimiinsi saha yaa nyɛla din daa piligi 19th century ka nyɛ din taɣi doli Ovia mɔɣili.<ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137/><ref name=EdoStateGovernment2020/> Silimiinsi ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa nya mɔɣili maa anfaanima ka daa mi bɛ yanima[[Benin City]] baɣili mɔɣili maa.<ref name=Olupona2000/><ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997/><ref name=Ekhuosuehi2017/> Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi viɛnyɛla lala saha ŋɔ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |title=Publications ... |date=1952 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Egharevba1953/> Mɔɣili anfaanima maŋsulinsi deebu saha ŋɔ nyɛla din daa chaŋ n yaɣi daabilim. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din daa leei soli ka bɛ mali nɛmanima doli.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Office |first=United States Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |title=Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope |date=1932 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063127/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZkNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%2522Ovia+River%2522&pg=PA429 |url-status=live }}</ref> Binshɛŋa bɛ ni daa tooi mali doli mɔɣili ŋɔ lala saha maa nyɛ abikpam, lubbernima n-ti pahi taabo dari.<ref name=Egharevba1960/><ref name=CityDirectory2020/> Mɔɣa kpansi maa nyɛla luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni mi nɛmanima duri n ti pahi tuma duri.<ref name="VictorFufeyin1993" /><ref name="EncyclopaediaBritannica2011" /> Maŋsulinsi deebu saha ŋɔ nyɛla din daa tahi duri mibu lɛbigimsim pam na mɔɣili ŋɔ ni amaa ka nyɛ din daa lahi mali yɛllimɔɣisira.<ref name=ATTA2017/><ref name=TheNation2017/> Tiŋgbani tarisi zaba zaba nyɛla din daa niŋ bayana lala saha maa.<ref name=Aisien2001/><ref name=Egharevba1949-86/> Lala yaɣili maa bilichininima ban daa be mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛla ban daa koŋ bɛ politi.<ref name="Adodoh2016" /><ref name=Egharevba1968/><ref name="MISDYC1992" /> == Kundivihira == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=NigeriaZipCodes2019>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |title=List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA |author=Nigeria Zip Codes |publisher=Nigeria Zip Codes |year=2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623114049/http://nigeriazipcodes.com/6226/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-ovia-north-east-lga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WesternStateofNigeria1962>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |author=Western State of Nigeria |journal=WNLN |volume=37 |pages=B-67, B-305 |title=Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria |publisher=Government Printer |year=1962 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-g-AQAAIAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Osemwowa2000>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |page=93 |title=The customary law of the Binis |author=Osemwowa U |publisher=Fine-Fare Int'l. Coy |year=2000 |isbn=9789783511460 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MKvqAAAAMAAJ&q=okao |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |pages=176–177, 188–189 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=Wesler and Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052307/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=idia+pot&pg=PA188 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=RoeseBondarenko2003>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |publisher=Lang P |title=A popular history of Benin: the rise and fall of a mighty forest kingdom |author=Roese and Bondarenko |year=2003 |isbn=9783631504727 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=aI0PAQAAMAAJ&q=idia+pot |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052301/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+land |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Darling1984-166>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0RmAAAAMAAJ&q=unuame+edion |title=BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166 |author=Darling P |journal=BAR |year=1984 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=9780860542759 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 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Technol. |volume=35 |pages=658–668 |title=Hydrological Assessments of some Rivers in Edo State, Nigeria; for Small-Scale Hydropower Development |year=2016 |issue=3 |doi=10.4314/njt.v35i3.26 |access-date=25 January 2020 |doi-access=free |archive-date=26 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126063334/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njt/article/view/140666/130407 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=EdoStateGovernment2017>{{cite book |url=https://edostate.gov.ng/edo-govt-to-re-brand-culture-tourism-assets/ |title=Edo Govt to re-brand culture, tourism assets |author=Edo State Government |year=2017 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206014630/http://www.edostate.gov.ng/edo-govt-to-re-brand-culture-tourism-assets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=EdoStateGovernment2020>{{cite book |url=https://invest.edostate.gov.ng/project/arts-culture-tourism/ |title=Arts, Culture and Tourism |author=Edo State 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University of Hamburg, Germany |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709031938/https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2001/544/pdf/Disse.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=KitWestler1998-177>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |pages=176–177 |year=1998 |publisher=African World Press |title=Historical Archaeology in Nigeria |author=K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones |isbn=9780865436107 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052259/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYGmzjnR3vsC&q=exit&pg=PA177 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Omoregie1997-61>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |author=Omoregie S B |year=1997 |title=Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan |publisher=Neraso Publishers |isbn=9789782734358 |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052302/https://books.google.com/books?id=so4PAQAAMAAJ&q=unuame |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1946>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |title=Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1946 |publisher=Kraus Reprint |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052300/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1J0AAAAMAAJ&q=oranmiyan+arrived+benin+through+ego |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OdiluGodwin2019>{{cite book |url=https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |title=Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State |author=Odilu G |year=2019 |publisher=Afribary |access-date=27 January 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092022/https://afribary.com/works/assessment-of-rural-youth-migration-in-ovia-north-east-local-government-area-edo-state#citework |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=OliverRolandAnthony1965>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |title=Africa in the days of exploration |author=Oliver R A |year=1965 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780130184245 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kEAQAAIAAJ&q=unuame.+ogiso |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=WalkerRobin2006>{{cite book |url=https://whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |title=When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD) |author=Walker R |year=2006 |publisher=Reklaw Education Ltd |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110618/http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=IduborNE2016>{{cite web |url=http://facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |title=The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great |author=Idubor N E |website=[[Facebook]] |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131043648/https://www.facebook.com/notes/the-imperial-architecture-of-great-benin/the-legacies-of-oba-ewuare-the-great/10154320837018571 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=AGBEJAetal2018>{{cite journal |url=https://cfa-international.org/userfiles/files/2ND%20CFA%20PROCEEDINGS.534%20Pages.pdf |title=COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA |author=AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter |year=2018 |publisher=Debo Prints |pages=186–187 |access-date=2 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> <ref name=AjayiSS2005>{{cite journal |url=https://fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |title=CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA |author=Ajayi, S. S. |journal=Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management |year=2005 |publisher=FAO |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225744/http://www.fao.org/forestry/10258-0c60dbb6d55b4eb656bacabf3808aa4a3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=VictorFufeyin1993>{{cite journal |title=Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2 |author=Victor & Fufeyin |journal=Tropical Zoology |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=EncyclopaediaBritannica2011>{{cite journal |url=https://britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |title=Bight of Benin |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |journal=Encyclopaedia Britannica |year=2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022048/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-135>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua%2C+Ora+ |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052303/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=ozolua,+Ora+ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Jungwirth1968-136-137>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame%2C+ovia |title=Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137 |author=Jungwirth M |journal=Verlag Notring |year=1968 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826052309/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTY-AAAAMAAJ&q=unuame,+ovia |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=TraditionalRulersAndChiefsEdit1979>{{cite journal |author=Bendel State of Nigeria |journal=Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette |volume=16 |pages=A-139 |title=Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979 |publisher=Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports |year=1979}}</ref> <ref name=Aisien2001>{{cite book |author=Aisien E |year=2001 |title=The Benin City pilgrimage stations |publisher=Aisien Publishers}}</ref> <ref name=Bradbury1957>{{cite book |author=Bradbury R E |year=1957 |title=The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria |series=Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13 |publisher=International African Institute, London}}</ref> <ref name=Egharevba1968>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Benin |author=Egharevba J U |year=1968 |pages=26 |publisher=Ibadan University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Ben-Amos1979>{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin |author=Ben-Amos P |year=1979 |publisher=Rive Gauche Productions, Paris}}</ref> <ref name=Olupona2000>{{cite book |title=African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions |author=Olupona J K |year=2000 |pages=134 |series=World spirituality, v. 3 |publisher=Crossroad, New York}}</ref> <ref name=MarinFeauJoubert1997>{{cite book |title=Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie |author=Marin, Feau and Joubert |year=1997 |publisher=Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://www.edostate.gov.ng/ Edo State Government Official Website] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Edo State]] [[Category:Rivers of Kogi State]] q9v7dkq7dp8pj2uqskdtybjbj0r717h 0 33169 137849 2026-05-29T11:14:39Z Kalakpagh 2501 Created article 137849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Major river in West Africa}} {{pp-pc1}} {{Infobox river | name = {{collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;|title = Niger River|{{font|{{native name|fr|Fleuve Niger}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|mnk|Joliba}} {{font|([[Maninka language|Maninka]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|bm|Jeluba}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ff|Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|taq|Egerew {{lang|taq|ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ}}}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|dje|Issa Beri}} {{font|([[Zarma language|Zarma]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ha|Kwara}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ijo|Toru Beni}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|yo|Ọya}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ig|Óshimiri/ Oshimili}}|size=76%}}}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Unknown (possibly from [[Berber languages|Berber]] for River ''Gher'' or local Tuareg word ''n-igereouen'' meaning "big rivers")<ref>{{cite web |title=niger {{!}} Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger |website=etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Niger, Niamey, Pont Kennedy (1).jpg | image_size = 325px | image_caption = The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at [[Niamey]], early 2019 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = .1 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-frame-width = 325 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-stroke-width = 4 | mapframe-stroke-color = #0000FF | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Guinea|Mali|Niger|Benin|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Tembakounda]]|[[Bamako]]|[[Timbuktu]]|[[Niamey]]|[[Lokoja]]|[[Onitsha]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 4,200 | length_ref = <ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book |url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |title=The Niger River Basin – A Vision for Sustainable Management |last1=Inger |first1=Andersen |last2=Ousmane |first2=Dione |last3=Martha |first3=Jarosewich-Holder |last4=Jean-Claude |first4=Olivry |last5=Katherin |first5=George Golitzen |isbn=978-0-8213-6203-7 |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2023-01-04 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = {{cvt|1.24|km}} to {{cvt|1.73|km}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa">{{cite journal |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |title=35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa |last1=Muhedeen |first1=Lawal |last2=Kamaldeen Olakunle |first2=Omosanya |year=2022|doi=10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |journal=ESS Open Archive|doi-access=free }}</ref> | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{cvt|37|m}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"/> | discharge1_location= [[Niger Delta]]<ref name="WWD Continents">{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |title=WWD Continents |website=geol.lsu.edu |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2010–2018){{cvt|270.5|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin"/>{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Multiannual average: 9,275 m³/s (1921–1985)<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">[http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf](PDF; 773&nbsp; KB)</ref>}} | discharge1_min ={{cvt|3,931|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea-Conakry]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|09|05|50|N|10|40|58|W|type:river}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|850|m}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|19|20|N|6|28|9|E|type:river|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | river_system = [[List of drainage basins by area|Niger River]] | basin_size ={{cvt|2,117,700–2,273,946|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO"/> | tributaries_left = [[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]], [[Sokoto River|Sokoto]], [[Kaduna River|Kaduna]], [[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]], [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Anambra River|Anambra]] | tributaries_right = [[Niandan]], [[Milo River|Milo]], [[Sankarani River|Sankarani]], [[Bani River|Bani]], [[Béli River|Gorouol]], [[Sirba River|Sirba]], [[Mékrou River|Mékrou]], [[Alibori River|Alibori]], [[Sota River|Sota]], [[Oli River|Oli]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], [[Escravos River|Warri]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = |discharge2_location= [[Onitsha]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|6,470.8|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref>{{refn|name=discharge2|group=n|Multiannual average: 7,000 m³/s (1914–1957)<ref name="DONNÉES HYDROLOGIQUES ESSENTIELLES CONCERNANT LE NIGER">[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/32981.pdf](PDF; 1,55&nbsp; MB)</ref>}} |discharge3_location=[[Lokoja]] |discharge3_min= {{cvt|1,934|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024">{{cite web|url=http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517|title=BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024|access-date=2024-09-17|archive-date=2024-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025">[https://www.abn.ne/index.php/files/15/Bulletins-hydrologiques-fr-FR/95/Bilanhydrologique2024-2025.pdf](PDF; 888&nbsp; KB)</ref> (minimum record in 1916: 500 m³/s<ref name=study>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |title=A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations |first=Ing. Antonio |last=Castano |access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>) |discharge3_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|6,743.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/>{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|Multiannual average: 6,332 m³/s (1915–2019)<ref name="Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region">{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137|title=Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region|last=Matthew|first=Afolabi|journal=Hydrological Sciences|volume=70|issue=7|page=1038-1051|date=2025|doi=10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137}}</ref>}} | discharge3_max ={{cvt|21,872|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_location=[[Niamey]] |discharge4_min={{cvt|58.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|978.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_max={{cvt|1,996.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge5_location=[[Bamako]] |discharge5_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,091.7|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger"/>}} '''Niger River''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|NY|jər}}; {{Langx|fr|(le) fleuve Niger}} {{IPA|fr|(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ|}}) ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti [[West Africa]], di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{Convert|4180|km|abbr=off}}. Di nyɛla di ni tooi kpɛ kom hali ni {{cvt|2,117,700|km2|sqmi|-2}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |year=2000 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Di pili li nyɛ [[Guinea Highlands]] din be Guinea zaŋ chaŋ di mini Sierra Leone tarisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |website=geography.name |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Niger River |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Facts On File, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665 |last=Thompson |first=Samuel |editor-last1=McColl |editor-first1=R. W. |page=665 |isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] n-ti pahi [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori naari [[River delta|delta]] ka niriba pam nyɛ ban mi li [[Niger Delta]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Gulf of Guinea]] din be [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pahiri pinaanahi dunia mɔɣ'kara ni ka nyɛ din pahiri dibaa ata gbaŋsabila mɔɣa ni, di nyɛla din doli Nile mini Congo mɔɣili nyaaŋa. Mɔɣili yaɣ'shɛli nyɛ Benue mɔɣili.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> ==Gbunni == [[File:Niger, Boubon (16), scene at the river front.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Commercial activity along the river front at [[Boubon]], in [[Niger]]]] Niger ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu bɔbugu zaŋ n-ti balli koŋkoba din be lala yaɣili maa: * [[Fula language|Fula]]: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' {{lang|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢}} * [[Manding languages|Manding]]: ''Jeliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} or ''Joliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} "great river" * [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg]]: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' {{lang|tmh|ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ}} "river of rivers" * [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]: ''Isa'' "the river" * [[Zarma language|Zarma]]: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Idrissa |first1=Abdourahmane |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=4th |page=274 |location=Plymouth, UK |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0}}</ref> * [[Hausa language|Hausa]]: ''Kwara'' {{lang|ha|كوَرَ}} * [[Nupe language|Nupe]]: ''Èdù'' * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: ''Odo Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess [[Ọya]]," * [[Igbo language|Igbo]]: ''Orimiri'' or ''Orimili'' "great water" * [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]: ''Toru Beni'' "the river water" == Climate == Din nyɛ din be [[West Africa]] yaɣili zuɣu, Niger mɔɣili nyɛla din mali tulim pirinla din nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din nyari wuntaŋ pam la zuɣu ka bi tooi nyari saa di gbaai bahindi bin din gbaai Silimiin goli October zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the [[Sahel]] and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the [[Inner Niger Delta]], and on the far left are tributaries of the [[Senegal River]].]] [[File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|right|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the Niger River]] ===Drainage basin=== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be western [[Africa]] ka nyɛ din deegi tiŋgbani maa polo kamani 7.5% gili tiŋgbana pia. Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |publisher=[[FAO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |date=1997}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" | Area of the country within the basin ! rowspan="2" | Average rainfall in the basin (mm) |- ! (km²) ! (% of total basin) ! (% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] {{flagicon|Algeria}} |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] {{flagicon|Benin}} |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] {{flagicon|Cameroon}} |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] {{flagicon|Chad}} |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] {{flagicon|Guinea}} |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] {{flagicon|Mali}} |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] {{flagicon|Niger}} |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] {{flagicon|Nigeria}} |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on the Niger River: ! rowspan="2" | Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km²) ! colspan="3" | Multiannual average discharge |- ! Year start ! (m³/s) ! (km³) |- |[[Niger Delta]] |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Onitsha]] |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |[[Lokoja]] |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |[[Baro (Nigeria)|Baro]] |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |[[Jebba]] |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |[[Kainji Dam]] |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Malanville]] |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Niamey]] |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |[[Ansongo]] |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |[[Gao]] |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |[[Timbuktu]] |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- |[[Diré]] |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |[[Mopti]] |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |[[Macina, Mali|Ké Macina]] |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |[[Ségou]] |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |[[Koulikoro]] |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |[[Bamako]] |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |[[Siguiri]] |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |[[Kouroussa]] |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |[[Faranah]] |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- |colspan="7" | Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |title=GRDC |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |title=Niger River |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> |} [[File:River Niger at Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] ==Discharge== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ ni tooi yiri shɛm kpɛri [[Niger Delta]] (bin din gbaai yuuni 2010 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="3" | Average discharge |- ! km³ ! m³/s ! cfs |- | 2010 | 288.1 | 9,130 | 322,410 |- | 2011 | 245.7 | 7,786 | 274,960 |- | 2012 | 320.3 | 10,150 | 358,440 |- | 2013 | 224.4 | 7,111 | 251,120 |- | 2014 | 251.2 | 7,960 | 281,110 |- | 2015 | 235.3 | 7,456 | 263,320 |- | 2016 | 286.8 | 9,088 | 320,950 |- | 2017 | 270.9 | 8,585 | 303,160 |- | 2018 | 311.6 | 9,874 | 348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''2010–2018'' | ''270.5'' | '''''8,572''''' | ''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at [[Koulikoro]] (Upper Niger), [[Niamey]] (Middle Niger) and [[Lokoja]] (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" | Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! colspan="3" | [[Koulikoro]] ! colspan="3" | [[Niamey]] ! colspan="3" | [[Lokoja]] |- ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web|url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en|title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at [[Lokoja]] average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! Min ! ''Mean'' ! Max ! Min ! ''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- |colspan="8" | Source:<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web|url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1|title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation"/><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} ==Tributaries== The main tributaries from the mouth: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Niger Delta]]''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |[[Escravos River|Warri]] |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |[[Orashi River|Orashi]] |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Anambra River|Anambra]] | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |[[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]] | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |[[Kaduna River|Kaduna]] | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |[[Oli River|Oli]] |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |[[Kontagora]] | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |[[Sokoto River|Sokoto]] | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |[[Sota River|Sota]] |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |[[Alibori River|Alibori]] |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Dallol Bosso]] | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |[[Mékrou River|Mékrou]] |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |[[Sirba River|Sirba]] |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |[[Béli River|Gorouol]] |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- | |[[Bani River|Bani]] |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |[[Sankarani River|Sankarani]] |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |[[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]] | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |[[Milo River|Milo]] |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |[[Niandan]] |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ |title=FAO |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> ==See also== * {{annotated link|Azawagh}} * {{annotated link|Niger Basin Authority}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |first=Sanche de |last=Gramont |title=The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1975 |isbn=0-246-10759-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Plumb |first1=J. H. |title=The Niger Quest |journal=History Today |date=1952 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi= |url= |issn=}} * {{cite book |last=Reader |first=John |title=Africa |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-620-25506-6}} * {{cite book |first=J. Oliver |last=Thomson |title=History of Ancient Geography |publisher=Biblo & Tannen Publishers |year=1948<!-- ISBNs before about 1965 are dubious |isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8 -->}} * {{cite book |first=R.L. |last=Welcomme |chapter=The Niger River System |editor-first=Bryan Robert |editor-last=Davies |editor2-first=Keith F. |editor2-last=Walker |title=The Ecology of River Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6193-540-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9 9–60] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9}} ==External links== {{wikimedia|voy=Nigeria|d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law and the Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Niger River}} {{Songhai Empire topics}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] pvdoq0kxc1bbloqa2yx418dgohocnfz 137851 137849 2026-05-29T11:16:13Z Kalakpagh 2501 added databox 137851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Major river in West Africa}} {{pp-pc1}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = {{collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;|title = Niger River|{{font|{{native name|fr|Fleuve Niger}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|mnk|Joliba}} {{font|([[Maninka language|Maninka]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|bm|Jeluba}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ff|Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|taq|Egerew {{lang|taq|ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ}}}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|dje|Issa Beri}} {{font|([[Zarma language|Zarma]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ha|Kwara}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ijo|Toru Beni}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|yo|Ọya}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ig|Óshimiri/ Oshimili}}|size=76%}}}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Unknown (possibly from [[Berber languages|Berber]] for River ''Gher'' or local Tuareg word ''n-igereouen'' meaning "big rivers")<ref>{{cite web |title=niger {{!}} Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger |website=etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Niger, Niamey, Pont Kennedy (1).jpg | image_size = 325px | image_caption = The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at [[Niamey]], early 2019 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = .1 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-frame-width = 325 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-stroke-width = 4 | mapframe-stroke-color = #0000FF | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Guinea|Mali|Niger|Benin|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Tembakounda]]|[[Bamako]]|[[Timbuktu]]|[[Niamey]]|[[Lokoja]]|[[Onitsha]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 4,200 | length_ref = <ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book |url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |title=The Niger River Basin – A Vision for Sustainable Management |last1=Inger |first1=Andersen |last2=Ousmane |first2=Dione |last3=Martha |first3=Jarosewich-Holder |last4=Jean-Claude |first4=Olivry |last5=Katherin |first5=George Golitzen |isbn=978-0-8213-6203-7 |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2023-01-04 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = {{cvt|1.24|km}} to {{cvt|1.73|km}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa">{{cite journal |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |title=35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa |last1=Muhedeen |first1=Lawal |last2=Kamaldeen Olakunle |first2=Omosanya |year=2022|doi=10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |journal=ESS Open Archive|doi-access=free }}</ref> | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{cvt|37|m}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"/> | discharge1_location= [[Niger Delta]]<ref name="WWD Continents">{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |title=WWD Continents |website=geol.lsu.edu |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2010–2018){{cvt|270.5|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin"/>{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Multiannual average: 9,275 m³/s (1921–1985)<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">[http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf](PDF; 773&nbsp; KB)</ref>}} | discharge1_min ={{cvt|3,931|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea-Conakry]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|09|05|50|N|10|40|58|W|type:river}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|850|m}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|19|20|N|6|28|9|E|type:river|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | river_system = [[List of drainage basins by area|Niger River]] | basin_size ={{cvt|2,117,700–2,273,946|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO"/> | tributaries_left = [[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]], [[Sokoto River|Sokoto]], [[Kaduna River|Kaduna]], [[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]], [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Anambra River|Anambra]] | tributaries_right = [[Niandan]], [[Milo River|Milo]], [[Sankarani River|Sankarani]], [[Bani River|Bani]], [[Béli River|Gorouol]], [[Sirba River|Sirba]], [[Mékrou River|Mékrou]], [[Alibori River|Alibori]], [[Sota River|Sota]], [[Oli River|Oli]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], [[Escravos River|Warri]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = |discharge2_location= [[Onitsha]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|6,470.8|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref>{{refn|name=discharge2|group=n|Multiannual average: 7,000 m³/s (1914–1957)<ref name="DONNÉES HYDROLOGIQUES ESSENTIELLES CONCERNANT LE NIGER">[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/32981.pdf](PDF; 1,55&nbsp; MB)</ref>}} |discharge3_location=[[Lokoja]] |discharge3_min= {{cvt|1,934|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024">{{cite web|url=http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517|title=BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024|access-date=2024-09-17|archive-date=2024-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025">[https://www.abn.ne/index.php/files/15/Bulletins-hydrologiques-fr-FR/95/Bilanhydrologique2024-2025.pdf](PDF; 888&nbsp; KB)</ref> (minimum record in 1916: 500 m³/s<ref name=study>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |title=A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations |first=Ing. Antonio |last=Castano |access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>) |discharge3_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|6,743.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/>{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|Multiannual average: 6,332 m³/s (1915–2019)<ref name="Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region">{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137|title=Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region|last=Matthew|first=Afolabi|journal=Hydrological Sciences|volume=70|issue=7|page=1038-1051|date=2025|doi=10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137}}</ref>}} | discharge3_max ={{cvt|21,872|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_location=[[Niamey]] |discharge4_min={{cvt|58.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|978.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_max={{cvt|1,996.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge5_location=[[Bamako]] |discharge5_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,091.7|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger"/>}} '''Niger River''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|NY|jər}}; {{Langx|fr|(le) fleuve Niger}} {{IPA|fr|(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ|}}) ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti [[West Africa]], di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{Convert|4180|km|abbr=off}}. Di nyɛla di ni tooi kpɛ kom hali ni {{cvt|2,117,700|km2|sqmi|-2}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |year=2000 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Di pili li nyɛ [[Guinea Highlands]] din be Guinea zaŋ chaŋ di mini Sierra Leone tarisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |website=geography.name |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Niger River |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Facts On File, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665 |last=Thompson |first=Samuel |editor-last1=McColl |editor-first1=R. W. |page=665 |isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] n-ti pahi [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori naari [[River delta|delta]] ka niriba pam nyɛ ban mi li [[Niger Delta]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Gulf of Guinea]] din be [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pahiri pinaanahi dunia mɔɣ'kara ni ka nyɛ din pahiri dibaa ata gbaŋsabila mɔɣa ni, di nyɛla din doli Nile mini Congo mɔɣili nyaaŋa. Mɔɣili yaɣ'shɛli nyɛ Benue mɔɣili.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> ==Gbunni == [[File:Niger, Boubon (16), scene at the river front.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Commercial activity along the river front at [[Boubon]], in [[Niger]]]] Niger ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu bɔbugu zaŋ n-ti balli koŋkoba din be lala yaɣili maa: * [[Fula language|Fula]]: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' {{lang|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢}} * [[Manding languages|Manding]]: ''Jeliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} or ''Joliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} "great river" * [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg]]: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' {{lang|tmh|ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ}} "river of rivers" * [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]: ''Isa'' "the river" * [[Zarma language|Zarma]]: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Idrissa |first1=Abdourahmane |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=4th |page=274 |location=Plymouth, UK |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0}}</ref> * [[Hausa language|Hausa]]: ''Kwara'' {{lang|ha|كوَرَ}} * [[Nupe language|Nupe]]: ''Èdù'' * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: ''Odo Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess [[Ọya]]," * [[Igbo language|Igbo]]: ''Orimiri'' or ''Orimili'' "great water" * [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]: ''Toru Beni'' "the river water" == Climate == Din nyɛ din be [[West Africa]] yaɣili zuɣu, Niger mɔɣili nyɛla din mali tulim pirinla din nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din nyari wuntaŋ pam la zuɣu ka bi tooi nyari saa di gbaai bahindi bin din gbaai Silimiin goli October zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the [[Sahel]] and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the [[Inner Niger Delta]], and on the far left are tributaries of the [[Senegal River]].]] [[File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|right|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the Niger River]] ===Drainage basin=== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be western [[Africa]] ka nyɛ din deegi tiŋgbani maa polo kamani 7.5% gili tiŋgbana pia. Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |publisher=[[FAO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |date=1997}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" | Area of the country within the basin ! rowspan="2" | Average rainfall in the basin (mm) |- ! (km²) ! (% of total basin) ! (% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] {{flagicon|Algeria}} |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] {{flagicon|Benin}} |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] {{flagicon|Cameroon}} |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] {{flagicon|Chad}} |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] {{flagicon|Guinea}} |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] {{flagicon|Mali}} |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] {{flagicon|Niger}} |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] {{flagicon|Nigeria}} |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on the Niger River: ! rowspan="2" | Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km²) ! colspan="3" | Multiannual average discharge |- ! Year start ! (m³/s) ! (km³) |- |[[Niger Delta]] |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Onitsha]] |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |[[Lokoja]] |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |[[Baro (Nigeria)|Baro]] |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |[[Jebba]] |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |[[Kainji Dam]] |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Malanville]] |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Niamey]] |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |[[Ansongo]] |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |[[Gao]] |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |[[Timbuktu]] |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- |[[Diré]] |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |[[Mopti]] |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |[[Macina, Mali|Ké Macina]] |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |[[Ségou]] |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |[[Koulikoro]] |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |[[Bamako]] |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |[[Siguiri]] |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |[[Kouroussa]] |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |[[Faranah]] |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- |colspan="7" | Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |title=GRDC |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |title=Niger River |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> |} [[File:River Niger at Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] ==Discharge== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ ni tooi yiri shɛm kpɛri [[Niger Delta]] (bin din gbaai yuuni 2010 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="3" | Average discharge |- ! km³ ! m³/s ! cfs |- | 2010 | 288.1 | 9,130 | 322,410 |- | 2011 | 245.7 | 7,786 | 274,960 |- | 2012 | 320.3 | 10,150 | 358,440 |- | 2013 | 224.4 | 7,111 | 251,120 |- | 2014 | 251.2 | 7,960 | 281,110 |- | 2015 | 235.3 | 7,456 | 263,320 |- | 2016 | 286.8 | 9,088 | 320,950 |- | 2017 | 270.9 | 8,585 | 303,160 |- | 2018 | 311.6 | 9,874 | 348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''2010–2018'' | ''270.5'' | '''''8,572''''' | ''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at [[Koulikoro]] (Upper Niger), [[Niamey]] (Middle Niger) and [[Lokoja]] (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" | Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! colspan="3" | [[Koulikoro]] ! colspan="3" | [[Niamey]] ! colspan="3" | [[Lokoja]] |- ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web|url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en|title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at [[Lokoja]] average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! Min ! ''Mean'' ! Max ! Min ! ''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- |colspan="8" | Source:<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web|url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1|title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation"/><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} ==Tributaries== The main tributaries from the mouth: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Niger Delta]]''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |[[Escravos River|Warri]] |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |[[Orashi River|Orashi]] |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Anambra River|Anambra]] | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |[[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]] | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |[[Kaduna River|Kaduna]] | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |[[Oli River|Oli]] |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |[[Kontagora]] | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |[[Sokoto River|Sokoto]] | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |[[Sota River|Sota]] |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |[[Alibori River|Alibori]] |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Dallol Bosso]] | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |[[Mékrou River|Mékrou]] |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |[[Sirba River|Sirba]] |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |[[Béli River|Gorouol]] |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- | |[[Bani River|Bani]] |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |[[Sankarani River|Sankarani]] |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |[[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]] | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |[[Milo River|Milo]] |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |[[Niandan]] |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ |title=FAO |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> ==See also== * {{annotated link|Azawagh}} * {{annotated link|Niger Basin Authority}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |first=Sanche de |last=Gramont |title=The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1975 |isbn=0-246-10759-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Plumb |first1=J. H. |title=The Niger Quest |journal=History Today |date=1952 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi= |url= |issn=}} * {{cite book |last=Reader |first=John |title=Africa |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-620-25506-6}} * {{cite book |first=J. Oliver |last=Thomson |title=History of Ancient Geography |publisher=Biblo & Tannen Publishers |year=1948<!-- ISBNs before about 1965 are dubious |isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8 -->}} * {{cite book |first=R.L. |last=Welcomme |chapter=The Niger River System |editor-first=Bryan Robert |editor-last=Davies |editor2-first=Keith F. |editor2-last=Walker |title=The Ecology of River Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6193-540-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9 9–60] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9}} ==External links== {{wikimedia|voy=Nigeria|d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law and the Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Niger River}} {{Songhai Empire topics}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] k97uuadztpv5b422x9apqz0n31dwq3f 137852 137851 2026-05-29T11:17:28Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* Tributaries */ Updated Content 137852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Major river in West Africa}} {{pp-pc1}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = {{collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;|title = Niger River|{{font|{{native name|fr|Fleuve Niger}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|mnk|Joliba}} {{font|([[Maninka language|Maninka]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|bm|Jeluba}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ff|Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|taq|Egerew {{lang|taq|ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ}}}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|dje|Issa Beri}} {{font|([[Zarma language|Zarma]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ha|Kwara}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ijo|Toru Beni}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|yo|Ọya}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ig|Óshimiri/ Oshimili}}|size=76%}}}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Unknown (possibly from [[Berber languages|Berber]] for River ''Gher'' or local Tuareg word ''n-igereouen'' meaning "big rivers")<ref>{{cite web |title=niger {{!}} Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger |website=etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Niger, Niamey, Pont Kennedy (1).jpg | image_size = 325px | image_caption = The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at [[Niamey]], early 2019 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = .1 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-frame-width = 325 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-stroke-width = 4 | mapframe-stroke-color = #0000FF | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Guinea|Mali|Niger|Benin|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Tembakounda]]|[[Bamako]]|[[Timbuktu]]|[[Niamey]]|[[Lokoja]]|[[Onitsha]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 4,200 | length_ref = <ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book |url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |title=The Niger River Basin – A Vision for Sustainable Management |last1=Inger |first1=Andersen |last2=Ousmane |first2=Dione |last3=Martha |first3=Jarosewich-Holder |last4=Jean-Claude |first4=Olivry |last5=Katherin |first5=George Golitzen |isbn=978-0-8213-6203-7 |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2023-01-04 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = {{cvt|1.24|km}} to {{cvt|1.73|km}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa">{{cite journal |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |title=35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa |last1=Muhedeen |first1=Lawal |last2=Kamaldeen Olakunle |first2=Omosanya |year=2022|doi=10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |journal=ESS Open Archive|doi-access=free }}</ref> | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{cvt|37|m}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"/> | discharge1_location= [[Niger Delta]]<ref name="WWD Continents">{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |title=WWD Continents |website=geol.lsu.edu |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2010–2018){{cvt|270.5|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin"/>{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Multiannual average: 9,275 m³/s (1921–1985)<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">[http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf](PDF; 773&nbsp; KB)</ref>}} | discharge1_min ={{cvt|3,931|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea-Conakry]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|09|05|50|N|10|40|58|W|type:river}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|850|m}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|19|20|N|6|28|9|E|type:river|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | river_system = [[List of drainage basins by area|Niger River]] | basin_size ={{cvt|2,117,700–2,273,946|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO"/> | tributaries_left = [[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]], [[Sokoto River|Sokoto]], [[Kaduna River|Kaduna]], [[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]], [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Anambra River|Anambra]] | tributaries_right = [[Niandan]], [[Milo River|Milo]], [[Sankarani River|Sankarani]], [[Bani River|Bani]], [[Béli River|Gorouol]], [[Sirba River|Sirba]], [[Mékrou River|Mékrou]], [[Alibori River|Alibori]], [[Sota River|Sota]], [[Oli River|Oli]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], [[Escravos River|Warri]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = |discharge2_location= [[Onitsha]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|6,470.8|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref>{{refn|name=discharge2|group=n|Multiannual average: 7,000 m³/s (1914–1957)<ref name="DONNÉES HYDROLOGIQUES ESSENTIELLES CONCERNANT LE NIGER">[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/32981.pdf](PDF; 1,55&nbsp; MB)</ref>}} |discharge3_location=[[Lokoja]] |discharge3_min= {{cvt|1,934|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024">{{cite web|url=http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517|title=BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024|access-date=2024-09-17|archive-date=2024-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025">[https://www.abn.ne/index.php/files/15/Bulletins-hydrologiques-fr-FR/95/Bilanhydrologique2024-2025.pdf](PDF; 888&nbsp; KB)</ref> (minimum record in 1916: 500 m³/s<ref name=study>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |title=A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations |first=Ing. Antonio |last=Castano |access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>) |discharge3_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|6,743.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/>{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|Multiannual average: 6,332 m³/s (1915–2019)<ref name="Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region">{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137|title=Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region|last=Matthew|first=Afolabi|journal=Hydrological Sciences|volume=70|issue=7|page=1038-1051|date=2025|doi=10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137}}</ref>}} | discharge3_max ={{cvt|21,872|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_location=[[Niamey]] |discharge4_min={{cvt|58.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|978.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_max={{cvt|1,996.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge5_location=[[Bamako]] |discharge5_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,091.7|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger"/>}} '''Niger River''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|NY|jər}}; {{Langx|fr|(le) fleuve Niger}} {{IPA|fr|(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ|}}) ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti [[West Africa]], di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{Convert|4180|km|abbr=off}}. Di nyɛla di ni tooi kpɛ kom hali ni {{cvt|2,117,700|km2|sqmi|-2}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |year=2000 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Di pili li nyɛ [[Guinea Highlands]] din be Guinea zaŋ chaŋ di mini Sierra Leone tarisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |website=geography.name |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Niger River |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Facts On File, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665 |last=Thompson |first=Samuel |editor-last1=McColl |editor-first1=R. W. |page=665 |isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] n-ti pahi [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori naari [[River delta|delta]] ka niriba pam nyɛ ban mi li [[Niger Delta]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Gulf of Guinea]] din be [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pahiri pinaanahi dunia mɔɣ'kara ni ka nyɛ din pahiri dibaa ata gbaŋsabila mɔɣa ni, di nyɛla din doli Nile mini Congo mɔɣili nyaaŋa. Mɔɣili yaɣ'shɛli nyɛ Benue mɔɣili.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> ==Gbunni == [[File:Niger, Boubon (16), scene at the river front.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Commercial activity along the river front at [[Boubon]], in [[Niger]]]] Niger ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu bɔbugu zaŋ n-ti balli koŋkoba din be lala yaɣili maa: * [[Fula language|Fula]]: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' {{lang|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢}} * [[Manding languages|Manding]]: ''Jeliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} or ''Joliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} "great river" * [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg]]: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' {{lang|tmh|ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ}} "river of rivers" * [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]: ''Isa'' "the river" * [[Zarma language|Zarma]]: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Idrissa |first1=Abdourahmane |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=4th |page=274 |location=Plymouth, UK |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0}}</ref> * [[Hausa language|Hausa]]: ''Kwara'' {{lang|ha|كوَرَ}} * [[Nupe language|Nupe]]: ''Èdù'' * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: ''Odo Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess [[Ọya]]," * [[Igbo language|Igbo]]: ''Orimiri'' or ''Orimili'' "great water" * [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]: ''Toru Beni'' "the river water" == Climate == Din nyɛ din be [[West Africa]] yaɣili zuɣu, Niger mɔɣili nyɛla din mali tulim pirinla din nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din nyari wuntaŋ pam la zuɣu ka bi tooi nyari saa di gbaai bahindi bin din gbaai Silimiin goli October zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the [[Sahel]] and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the [[Inner Niger Delta]], and on the far left are tributaries of the [[Senegal River]].]] [[File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|right|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the Niger River]] ===Drainage basin=== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be western [[Africa]] ka nyɛ din deegi tiŋgbani maa polo kamani 7.5% gili tiŋgbana pia. Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |publisher=[[FAO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |date=1997}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" | Area of the country within the basin ! rowspan="2" | Average rainfall in the basin (mm) |- ! (km²) ! (% of total basin) ! (% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] {{flagicon|Algeria}} |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] {{flagicon|Benin}} |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] {{flagicon|Cameroon}} |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] {{flagicon|Chad}} |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] {{flagicon|Guinea}} |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] {{flagicon|Mali}} |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] {{flagicon|Niger}} |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] {{flagicon|Nigeria}} |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on the Niger River: ! rowspan="2" | Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km²) ! colspan="3" | Multiannual average discharge |- ! Year start ! (m³/s) ! (km³) |- |[[Niger Delta]] |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Onitsha]] |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |[[Lokoja]] |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |[[Baro (Nigeria)|Baro]] |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |[[Jebba]] |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |[[Kainji Dam]] |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Malanville]] |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Niamey]] |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |[[Ansongo]] |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |[[Gao]] |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |[[Timbuktu]] |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- |[[Diré]] |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |[[Mopti]] |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |[[Macina, Mali|Ké Macina]] |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |[[Ségou]] |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |[[Koulikoro]] |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |[[Bamako]] |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |[[Siguiri]] |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |[[Kouroussa]] |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |[[Faranah]] |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- |colspan="7" | Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |title=GRDC |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |title=Niger River |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> |} [[File:River Niger at Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] ==Discharge== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ ni tooi yiri shɛm kpɛri [[Niger Delta]] (bin din gbaai yuuni 2010 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="3" | Average discharge |- ! km³ ! m³/s ! cfs |- | 2010 | 288.1 | 9,130 | 322,410 |- | 2011 | 245.7 | 7,786 | 274,960 |- | 2012 | 320.3 | 10,150 | 358,440 |- | 2013 | 224.4 | 7,111 | 251,120 |- | 2014 | 251.2 | 7,960 | 281,110 |- | 2015 | 235.3 | 7,456 | 263,320 |- | 2016 | 286.8 | 9,088 | 320,950 |- | 2017 | 270.9 | 8,585 | 303,160 |- | 2018 | 311.6 | 9,874 | 348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''2010–2018'' | ''270.5'' | '''''8,572''''' | ''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at [[Koulikoro]] (Upper Niger), [[Niamey]] (Middle Niger) and [[Lokoja]] (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" | Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! colspan="3" | [[Koulikoro]] ! colspan="3" | [[Niamey]] ! colspan="3" | [[Lokoja]] |- ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web|url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en|title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at [[Lokoja]] average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! Min ! ''Mean'' ! Max ! Min ! ''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- |colspan="8" | Source:<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web|url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1|title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation"/><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} ==Tributaries== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Niger Delta]]''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |[[Escravos River|Warri]] |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |[[Orashi River|Orashi]] |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Anambra River|Anambra]] | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |[[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]] | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |[[Kaduna River|Kaduna]] | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |[[Oli River|Oli]] |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |[[Kontagora]] | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |[[Sokoto River|Sokoto]] | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |[[Sota River|Sota]] |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |[[Alibori River|Alibori]] |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Dallol Bosso]] | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |[[Mékrou River|Mékrou]] |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |[[Sirba River|Sirba]] |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |[[Béli River|Gorouol]] |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- | |[[Bani River|Bani]] |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |[[Sankarani River|Sankarani]] |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |[[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]] | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |[[Milo River|Milo]] |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |[[Niandan]] |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ |title=FAO |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> ==See also== * {{annotated link|Azawagh}} * {{annotated link|Niger Basin Authority}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |first=Sanche de |last=Gramont |title=The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1975 |isbn=0-246-10759-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Plumb |first1=J. H. |title=The Niger Quest |journal=History Today |date=1952 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi= |url= |issn=}} * {{cite book |last=Reader |first=John |title=Africa |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-620-25506-6}} * {{cite book |first=J. Oliver |last=Thomson |title=History of Ancient Geography |publisher=Biblo & Tannen Publishers |year=1948<!-- ISBNs before about 1965 are dubious |isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8 -->}} * {{cite book |first=R.L. |last=Welcomme |chapter=The Niger River System |editor-first=Bryan Robert |editor-last=Davies |editor2-first=Keith F. |editor2-last=Walker |title=The Ecology of River Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6193-540-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9 9–60] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9}} ==External links== {{wikimedia|voy=Nigeria|d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law and the Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Niger River}} {{Songhai Empire topics}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] eze4slfbjklksuppr3d95oafl0yioq6 137853 137852 2026-05-29T11:18:43Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* See also */ Updated Content 137853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Major river in West Africa}} {{pp-pc1}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = {{collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;|title = Niger River|{{font|{{native name|fr|Fleuve Niger}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|mnk|Joliba}} {{font|([[Maninka language|Maninka]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|bm|Jeluba}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ff|Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|taq|Egerew {{lang|taq|ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ}}}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|dje|Issa Beri}} {{font|([[Zarma language|Zarma]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ha|Kwara}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ijo|Toru Beni}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|yo|Ọya}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ig|Óshimiri/ Oshimili}}|size=76%}}}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Unknown (possibly from [[Berber languages|Berber]] for River ''Gher'' or local Tuareg word ''n-igereouen'' meaning "big rivers")<ref>{{cite web |title=niger {{!}} Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger |website=etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Niger, Niamey, Pont Kennedy (1).jpg | image_size = 325px | image_caption = The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at [[Niamey]], early 2019 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = .1 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-frame-width = 325 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-stroke-width = 4 | mapframe-stroke-color = #0000FF | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Guinea|Mali|Niger|Benin|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Tembakounda]]|[[Bamako]]|[[Timbuktu]]|[[Niamey]]|[[Lokoja]]|[[Onitsha]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 4,200 | length_ref = <ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book |url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |title=The Niger River Basin – A Vision for Sustainable Management |last1=Inger |first1=Andersen |last2=Ousmane |first2=Dione |last3=Martha |first3=Jarosewich-Holder |last4=Jean-Claude |first4=Olivry |last5=Katherin |first5=George Golitzen |isbn=978-0-8213-6203-7 |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2023-01-04 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = {{cvt|1.24|km}} to {{cvt|1.73|km}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa">{{cite journal |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |title=35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa |last1=Muhedeen |first1=Lawal |last2=Kamaldeen Olakunle |first2=Omosanya |year=2022|doi=10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |journal=ESS Open Archive|doi-access=free }}</ref> | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{cvt|37|m}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"/> | discharge1_location= [[Niger Delta]]<ref name="WWD Continents">{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |title=WWD Continents |website=geol.lsu.edu |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2010–2018){{cvt|270.5|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin"/>{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Multiannual average: 9,275 m³/s (1921–1985)<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">[http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf](PDF; 773&nbsp; KB)</ref>}} | discharge1_min ={{cvt|3,931|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea-Conakry]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|09|05|50|N|10|40|58|W|type:river}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|850|m}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|19|20|N|6|28|9|E|type:river|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | river_system = [[List of drainage basins by area|Niger River]] | basin_size ={{cvt|2,117,700–2,273,946|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO"/> | tributaries_left = [[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]], [[Sokoto River|Sokoto]], [[Kaduna River|Kaduna]], [[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]], [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Anambra River|Anambra]] | tributaries_right = [[Niandan]], [[Milo River|Milo]], [[Sankarani River|Sankarani]], [[Bani River|Bani]], [[Béli River|Gorouol]], [[Sirba River|Sirba]], [[Mékrou River|Mékrou]], [[Alibori River|Alibori]], [[Sota River|Sota]], [[Oli River|Oli]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], [[Escravos River|Warri]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = |discharge2_location= [[Onitsha]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|6,470.8|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref>{{refn|name=discharge2|group=n|Multiannual average: 7,000 m³/s (1914–1957)<ref name="DONNÉES HYDROLOGIQUES ESSENTIELLES CONCERNANT LE NIGER">[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/32981.pdf](PDF; 1,55&nbsp; MB)</ref>}} |discharge3_location=[[Lokoja]] |discharge3_min= {{cvt|1,934|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024">{{cite web|url=http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517|title=BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024|access-date=2024-09-17|archive-date=2024-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025">[https://www.abn.ne/index.php/files/15/Bulletins-hydrologiques-fr-FR/95/Bilanhydrologique2024-2025.pdf](PDF; 888&nbsp; KB)</ref> (minimum record in 1916: 500 m³/s<ref name=study>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |title=A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations |first=Ing. Antonio |last=Castano |access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>) |discharge3_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|6,743.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/>{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|Multiannual average: 6,332 m³/s (1915–2019)<ref name="Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region">{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137|title=Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region|last=Matthew|first=Afolabi|journal=Hydrological Sciences|volume=70|issue=7|page=1038-1051|date=2025|doi=10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137}}</ref>}} | discharge3_max ={{cvt|21,872|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_location=[[Niamey]] |discharge4_min={{cvt|58.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|978.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_max={{cvt|1,996.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge5_location=[[Bamako]] |discharge5_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,091.7|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger"/>}} '''Niger River''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|NY|jər}}; {{Langx|fr|(le) fleuve Niger}} {{IPA|fr|(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ|}}) ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti [[West Africa]], di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{Convert|4180|km|abbr=off}}. Di nyɛla di ni tooi kpɛ kom hali ni {{cvt|2,117,700|km2|sqmi|-2}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |year=2000 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Di pili li nyɛ [[Guinea Highlands]] din be Guinea zaŋ chaŋ di mini Sierra Leone tarisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |website=geography.name |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Niger River |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Facts On File, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665 |last=Thompson |first=Samuel |editor-last1=McColl |editor-first1=R. W. |page=665 |isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] n-ti pahi [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori naari [[River delta|delta]] ka niriba pam nyɛ ban mi li [[Niger Delta]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Gulf of Guinea]] din be [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pahiri pinaanahi dunia mɔɣ'kara ni ka nyɛ din pahiri dibaa ata gbaŋsabila mɔɣa ni, di nyɛla din doli Nile mini Congo mɔɣili nyaaŋa. Mɔɣili yaɣ'shɛli nyɛ Benue mɔɣili.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> ==Gbunni == [[File:Niger, Boubon (16), scene at the river front.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Commercial activity along the river front at [[Boubon]], in [[Niger]]]] Niger ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu bɔbugu zaŋ n-ti balli koŋkoba din be lala yaɣili maa: * [[Fula language|Fula]]: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' {{lang|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢}} * [[Manding languages|Manding]]: ''Jeliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} or ''Joliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} "great river" * [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg]]: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' {{lang|tmh|ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ}} "river of rivers" * [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]: ''Isa'' "the river" * [[Zarma language|Zarma]]: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Idrissa |first1=Abdourahmane |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=4th |page=274 |location=Plymouth, UK |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0}}</ref> * [[Hausa language|Hausa]]: ''Kwara'' {{lang|ha|كوَرَ}} * [[Nupe language|Nupe]]: ''Èdù'' * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: ''Odo Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess [[Ọya]]," * [[Igbo language|Igbo]]: ''Orimiri'' or ''Orimili'' "great water" * [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]: ''Toru Beni'' "the river water" == Climate == Din nyɛ din be [[West Africa]] yaɣili zuɣu, Niger mɔɣili nyɛla din mali tulim pirinla din nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din nyari wuntaŋ pam la zuɣu ka bi tooi nyari saa di gbaai bahindi bin din gbaai Silimiin goli October zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the [[Sahel]] and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the [[Inner Niger Delta]], and on the far left are tributaries of the [[Senegal River]].]] [[File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|right|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the Niger River]] ===Drainage basin=== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be western [[Africa]] ka nyɛ din deegi tiŋgbani maa polo kamani 7.5% gili tiŋgbana pia. Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |publisher=[[FAO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |date=1997}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" | Area of the country within the basin ! rowspan="2" | Average rainfall in the basin (mm) |- ! (km²) ! (% of total basin) ! (% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] {{flagicon|Algeria}} |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] {{flagicon|Benin}} |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] {{flagicon|Cameroon}} |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] {{flagicon|Chad}} |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] {{flagicon|Guinea}} |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] {{flagicon|Mali}} |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] {{flagicon|Niger}} |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] {{flagicon|Nigeria}} |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on the Niger River: ! rowspan="2" | Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km²) ! colspan="3" | Multiannual average discharge |- ! Year start ! (m³/s) ! (km³) |- |[[Niger Delta]] |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Onitsha]] |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |[[Lokoja]] |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |[[Baro (Nigeria)|Baro]] |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |[[Jebba]] |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |[[Kainji Dam]] |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Malanville]] |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Niamey]] |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |[[Ansongo]] |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |[[Gao]] |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |[[Timbuktu]] |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- |[[Diré]] |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |[[Mopti]] |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |[[Macina, Mali|Ké Macina]] |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |[[Ségou]] |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |[[Koulikoro]] |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |[[Bamako]] |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |[[Siguiri]] |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |[[Kouroussa]] |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |[[Faranah]] |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- |colspan="7" | Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |title=GRDC |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |title=Niger River |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> |} [[File:River Niger at Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] ==Discharge== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ ni tooi yiri shɛm kpɛri [[Niger Delta]] (bin din gbaai yuuni 2010 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="3" | Average discharge |- ! km³ ! m³/s ! cfs |- | 2010 | 288.1 | 9,130 | 322,410 |- | 2011 | 245.7 | 7,786 | 274,960 |- | 2012 | 320.3 | 10,150 | 358,440 |- | 2013 | 224.4 | 7,111 | 251,120 |- | 2014 | 251.2 | 7,960 | 281,110 |- | 2015 | 235.3 | 7,456 | 263,320 |- | 2016 | 286.8 | 9,088 | 320,950 |- | 2017 | 270.9 | 8,585 | 303,160 |- | 2018 | 311.6 | 9,874 | 348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''2010–2018'' | ''270.5'' | '''''8,572''''' | ''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at [[Koulikoro]] (Upper Niger), [[Niamey]] (Middle Niger) and [[Lokoja]] (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" | Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! colspan="3" | [[Koulikoro]] ! colspan="3" | [[Niamey]] ! colspan="3" | [[Lokoja]] |- ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web|url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en|title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at [[Lokoja]] average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! Min ! ''Mean'' ! Max ! Min ! ''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- |colspan="8" | Source:<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web|url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1|title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation"/><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} ==Tributaries== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Niger Delta]]''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |[[Escravos River|Warri]] |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |[[Orashi River|Orashi]] |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Anambra River|Anambra]] | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |[[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]] | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |[[Kaduna River|Kaduna]] | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |[[Oli River|Oli]] |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |[[Kontagora]] | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |[[Sokoto River|Sokoto]] | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |[[Sota River|Sota]] |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |[[Alibori River|Alibori]] |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Dallol Bosso]] | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |[[Mékrou River|Mékrou]] |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |[[Sirba River|Sirba]] |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |[[Béli River|Gorouol]] |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- | |[[Bani River|Bani]] |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |[[Sankarani River|Sankarani]] |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |[[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]] | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |[[Milo River|Milo]] |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |[[Niandan]] |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ |title=FAO |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> ==Lihimi m pahi == * {{annotated link|Azawagh}} * {{annotated link|Niger Basin Authority}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |first=Sanche de |last=Gramont |title=The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1975 |isbn=0-246-10759-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Plumb |first1=J. H. |title=The Niger Quest |journal=History Today |date=1952 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi= |url= |issn=}} * {{cite book |last=Reader |first=John |title=Africa |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-620-25506-6}} * {{cite book |first=J. Oliver |last=Thomson |title=History of Ancient Geography |publisher=Biblo & Tannen Publishers |year=1948<!-- ISBNs before about 1965 are dubious |isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8 -->}} * {{cite book |first=R.L. |last=Welcomme |chapter=The Niger River System |editor-first=Bryan Robert |editor-last=Davies |editor2-first=Keith F. |editor2-last=Walker |title=The Ecology of River Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6193-540-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9 9–60] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9}} ==External links== {{wikimedia|voy=Nigeria|d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law and the Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Niger River}} {{Songhai Empire topics}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] ez70umnwv5m66abkb4v8euu3gfvk0w0 137854 137853 2026-05-29T11:20:24Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 137854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Major river in West Africa}} {{pp-pc1}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = {{collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;|title = Niger River|{{font|{{native name|fr|Fleuve Niger}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|mnk|Joliba}} {{font|([[Maninka language|Maninka]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|bm|Jeluba}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ff|Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|taq|Egerew {{lang|taq|ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ}}}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|dje|Issa Beri}} {{font|([[Zarma language|Zarma]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ha|Kwara}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ijo|Toru Beni}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|yo|Ọya}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ig|Óshimiri/ Oshimili}}|size=76%}}}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Unknown (possibly from [[Berber languages|Berber]] for River ''Gher'' or local Tuareg word ''n-igereouen'' meaning "big rivers")<ref>{{cite web |title=niger {{!}} Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger |website=etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Niger, Niamey, Pont Kennedy (1).jpg | image_size = 325px | image_caption = The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at [[Niamey]], early 2019 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = .1 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-frame-width = 325 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-stroke-width = 4 | mapframe-stroke-color = #0000FF | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Guinea|Mali|Niger|Benin|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Tembakounda]]|[[Bamako]]|[[Timbuktu]]|[[Niamey]]|[[Lokoja]]|[[Onitsha]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 4,200 | length_ref = <ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book |url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |title=The Niger River Basin – A Vision for Sustainable Management |last1=Inger |first1=Andersen |last2=Ousmane |first2=Dione |last3=Martha |first3=Jarosewich-Holder |last4=Jean-Claude |first4=Olivry |last5=Katherin |first5=George Golitzen |isbn=978-0-8213-6203-7 |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2023-01-04 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = {{cvt|1.24|km}} to {{cvt|1.73|km}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa">{{cite journal |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |title=35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa |last1=Muhedeen |first1=Lawal |last2=Kamaldeen Olakunle |first2=Omosanya |year=2022|doi=10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |journal=ESS Open Archive|doi-access=free }}</ref> | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{cvt|37|m}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"/> | discharge1_location= [[Niger Delta]]<ref name="WWD Continents">{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |title=WWD Continents |website=geol.lsu.edu |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2010–2018){{cvt|270.5|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin"/>{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Multiannual average: 9,275 m³/s (1921–1985)<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">[http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf](PDF; 773&nbsp; KB)</ref>}} | discharge1_min ={{cvt|3,931|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea-Conakry]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|09|05|50|N|10|40|58|W|type:river}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|850|m}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|19|20|N|6|28|9|E|type:river|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | river_system = [[List of drainage basins by area|Niger River]] | basin_size ={{cvt|2,117,700–2,273,946|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO"/> | tributaries_left = [[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]], [[Sokoto River|Sokoto]], [[Kaduna River|Kaduna]], [[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]], [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Anambra River|Anambra]] | tributaries_right = [[Niandan]], [[Milo River|Milo]], [[Sankarani River|Sankarani]], [[Bani River|Bani]], [[Béli River|Gorouol]], [[Sirba River|Sirba]], [[Mékrou River|Mékrou]], [[Alibori River|Alibori]], [[Sota River|Sota]], [[Oli River|Oli]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], [[Escravos River|Warri]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = |discharge2_location= [[Onitsha]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|6,470.8|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref>{{refn|name=discharge2|group=n|Multiannual average: 7,000 m³/s (1914–1957)<ref name="DONNÉES HYDROLOGIQUES ESSENTIELLES CONCERNANT LE NIGER">[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/32981.pdf](PDF; 1,55&nbsp; MB)</ref>}} |discharge3_location=[[Lokoja]] |discharge3_min= {{cvt|1,934|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024">{{cite web|url=http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517|title=BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024|access-date=2024-09-17|archive-date=2024-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025">[https://www.abn.ne/index.php/files/15/Bulletins-hydrologiques-fr-FR/95/Bilanhydrologique2024-2025.pdf](PDF; 888&nbsp; KB)</ref> (minimum record in 1916: 500 m³/s<ref name=study>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |title=A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations |first=Ing. Antonio |last=Castano |access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>) |discharge3_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|6,743.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/>{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|Multiannual average: 6,332 m³/s (1915–2019)<ref name="Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region">{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137|title=Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region|last=Matthew|first=Afolabi|journal=Hydrological Sciences|volume=70|issue=7|page=1038-1051|date=2025|doi=10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137}}</ref>}} | discharge3_max ={{cvt|21,872|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_location=[[Niamey]] |discharge4_min={{cvt|58.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|978.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_max={{cvt|1,996.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge5_location=[[Bamako]] |discharge5_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,091.7|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger"/>}} '''Niger River''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|NY|jər}}; {{Langx|fr|(le) fleuve Niger}} {{IPA|fr|(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ|}}) ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti [[West Africa]], di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{Convert|4180|km|abbr=off}}. Di nyɛla di ni tooi kpɛ kom hali ni {{cvt|2,117,700|km2|sqmi|-2}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |year=2000 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Di pili li nyɛ [[Guinea Highlands]] din be Guinea zaŋ chaŋ di mini Sierra Leone tarisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |website=geography.name |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Niger River |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Facts On File, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665 |last=Thompson |first=Samuel |editor-last1=McColl |editor-first1=R. W. |page=665 |isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] n-ti pahi [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori naari [[River delta|delta]] ka niriba pam nyɛ ban mi li [[Niger Delta]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Gulf of Guinea]] din be [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pahiri pinaanahi dunia mɔɣ'kara ni ka nyɛ din pahiri dibaa ata gbaŋsabila mɔɣa ni, di nyɛla din doli Nile mini Congo mɔɣili nyaaŋa. Mɔɣili yaɣ'shɛli nyɛ Benue mɔɣili.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> ==Gbunni == [[File:Niger, Boubon (16), scene at the river front.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Commercial activity along the river front at [[Boubon]], in [[Niger]]]] Niger ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu bɔbugu zaŋ n-ti balli koŋkoba din be lala yaɣili maa: * [[Fula language|Fula]]: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' {{lang|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢}} * [[Manding languages|Manding]]: ''Jeliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} or ''Joliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} "great river" * [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg]]: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' {{lang|tmh|ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ}} "river of rivers" * [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]: ''Isa'' "the river" * [[Zarma language|Zarma]]: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Idrissa |first1=Abdourahmane |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=4th |page=274 |location=Plymouth, UK |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0}}</ref> * [[Hausa language|Hausa]]: ''Kwara'' {{lang|ha|كوَرَ}} * [[Nupe language|Nupe]]: ''Èdù'' * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: ''Odo Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess [[Ọya]]," * [[Igbo language|Igbo]]: ''Orimiri'' or ''Orimili'' "great water" * [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]: ''Toru Beni'' "the river water" == Climate == Din nyɛ din be [[West Africa]] yaɣili zuɣu, Niger mɔɣili nyɛla din mali tulim pirinla din nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din nyari wuntaŋ pam la zuɣu ka bi tooi nyari saa di gbaai bahindi bin din gbaai Silimiin goli October zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the [[Sahel]] and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the [[Inner Niger Delta]], and on the far left are tributaries of the [[Senegal River]].]] [[File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|right|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the Niger River]] ===Drainage basin=== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be western [[Africa]] ka nyɛ din deegi tiŋgbani maa polo kamani 7.5% gili tiŋgbana pia. Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |publisher=[[FAO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |date=1997}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" | Area of the country within the basin ! rowspan="2" | Average rainfall in the basin (mm) |- ! (km²) ! (% of total basin) ! (% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] {{flagicon|Algeria}} |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] {{flagicon|Benin}} |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] {{flagicon|Cameroon}} |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] {{flagicon|Chad}} |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] {{flagicon|Guinea}} |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] {{flagicon|Mali}} |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] {{flagicon|Niger}} |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] {{flagicon|Nigeria}} |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on the Niger River: ! rowspan="2" | Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km²) ! colspan="3" | Multiannual average discharge |- ! Year start ! (m³/s) ! (km³) |- |[[Niger Delta]] |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Onitsha]] |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |[[Lokoja]] |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |[[Baro (Nigeria)|Baro]] |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |[[Jebba]] |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |[[Kainji Dam]] |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Malanville]] |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Niamey]] |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |[[Ansongo]] |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |[[Gao]] |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |[[Timbuktu]] |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- |[[Diré]] |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |[[Mopti]] |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |[[Macina, Mali|Ké Macina]] |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |[[Ségou]] |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |[[Koulikoro]] |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |[[Bamako]] |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |[[Siguiri]] |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |[[Kouroussa]] |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |[[Faranah]] |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- |colspan="7" | Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |title=GRDC |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |title=Niger River |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> |} [[File:River Niger at Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] ==Discharge== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ ni tooi yiri shɛm kpɛri [[Niger Delta]] (bin din gbaai yuuni 2010 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="3" | Average discharge |- ! km³ ! m³/s ! cfs |- | 2010 | 288.1 | 9,130 | 322,410 |- | 2011 | 245.7 | 7,786 | 274,960 |- | 2012 | 320.3 | 10,150 | 358,440 |- | 2013 | 224.4 | 7,111 | 251,120 |- | 2014 | 251.2 | 7,960 | 281,110 |- | 2015 | 235.3 | 7,456 | 263,320 |- | 2016 | 286.8 | 9,088 | 320,950 |- | 2017 | 270.9 | 8,585 | 303,160 |- | 2018 | 311.6 | 9,874 | 348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''2010–2018'' | ''270.5'' | '''''8,572''''' | ''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at [[Koulikoro]] (Upper Niger), [[Niamey]] (Middle Niger) and [[Lokoja]] (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" | Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! colspan="3" | [[Koulikoro]] ! colspan="3" | [[Niamey]] ! colspan="3" | [[Lokoja]] |- ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web|url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en|title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at [[Lokoja]] average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! Min ! ''Mean'' ! Max ! Min ! ''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- |colspan="8" | Source:<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web|url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1|title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation"/><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} ==Tributaries== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Niger Delta]]''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |[[Escravos River|Warri]] |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |[[Orashi River|Orashi]] |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Anambra River|Anambra]] | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |[[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]] | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |[[Kaduna River|Kaduna]] | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |[[Oli River|Oli]] |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |[[Kontagora]] | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |[[Sokoto River|Sokoto]] | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |[[Sota River|Sota]] |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |[[Alibori River|Alibori]] |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Dallol Bosso]] | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |[[Mékrou River|Mékrou]] |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |[[Sirba River|Sirba]] |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |[[Béli River|Gorouol]] |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- | |[[Bani River|Bani]] |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |[[Sankarani River|Sankarani]] |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |[[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]] | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |[[Milo River|Milo]] |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |[[Niandan]] |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ |title=FAO |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> ==Lihimi m pahi == * {{annotated link|Azawagh}} * {{annotated link|Niger Basin Authority}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |first=Sanche de |last=Gramont |title=The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1975 |isbn=0-246-10759-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Plumb |first1=J. H. |title=The Niger Quest |journal=History Today |date=1952 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi= |url= |issn=}} * {{cite book |last=Reader |first=John |title=Africa |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-620-25506-6}} * {{cite book |first=J. Oliver |last=Thomson |title=History of Ancient Geography |publisher=Biblo & Tannen Publishers |year=1948<!-- ISBNs before about 1965 are dubious |isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8 -->}} * {{cite book |first=R.L. |last=Welcomme |chapter=The Niger River System |editor-first=Bryan Robert |editor-last=Davies |editor2-first=Keith F. |editor2-last=Walker |title=The Ecology of River Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6193-540-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9 9–60] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9}} ==External links== {{wikimedia|voy=Nigeria|d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law and the Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Niger River}} {{Songhai Empire topics}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] c094at0a4e2wh2vf94udyuv6z7vh4fi 137855 137854 2026-05-29T11:21:32Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* International law and the Niger River */ Updated Content 137855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Major river in West Africa}} {{pp-pc1}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = {{collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;|title = Niger River|{{font|{{native name|fr|Fleuve Niger}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|mnk|Joliba}} {{font|([[Maninka language|Maninka]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|bm|Jeluba}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ff|Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|taq|Egerew {{lang|taq|ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ}}}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{lang|dje|Issa Beri}} {{font|([[Zarma language|Zarma]])|size=81%|css=font-weight:normal;}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ha|Kwara}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ijo|Toru Beni}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|yo|Ọya}}|size=76%}}|{{font|{{native name|ig|Óshimiri/ Oshimili}}|size=76%}}}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Unknown (possibly from [[Berber languages|Berber]] for River ''Gher'' or local Tuareg word ''n-igereouen'' meaning "big rivers")<ref>{{cite web |title=niger {{!}} Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger |website=etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Niger, Niamey, Pont Kennedy (1).jpg | image_size = 325px | image_caption = The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at [[Niamey]], early 2019 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = .1 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-frame-width = 325 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-stroke-width = 4 | mapframe-stroke-color = #0000FF | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Guinea|Mali|Niger|Benin|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Tembakounda]]|[[Bamako]]|[[Timbuktu]]|[[Niamey]]|[[Lokoja]]|[[Onitsha]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 4,200 | length_ref = <ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">{{cite book |url=https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |title=The Niger River Basin – A Vision for Sustainable Management |last1=Inger |first1=Andersen |last2=Ousmane |first2=Dione |last3=Martha |first3=Jarosewich-Holder |last4=Jean-Claude |first4=Olivry |last5=Katherin |first5=George Golitzen |isbn=978-0-8213-6203-7 |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2023-01-04 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = {{cvt|1.24|km}} to {{cvt|1.73|km}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa">{{cite journal |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |title=35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa |last1=Muhedeen |first1=Lawal |last2=Kamaldeen Olakunle |first2=Omosanya |year=2022|doi=10.1002/essoar.10512089.1 |journal=ESS Open Archive|doi-access=free }}</ref> | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{cvt|37|m}} ([[Lokoja]])<ref name="35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"/> | discharge1_location= [[Niger Delta]]<ref name="WWD Continents">{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |title=WWD Continents |website=geol.lsu.edu |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2010–2018){{cvt|270.5|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin"/>{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Multiannual average: 9,275 m³/s (1921–1985)<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries">[http://www.adbarno.it/rep/biblio/Pekarova.pdf](PDF; 773&nbsp; KB)</ref>}} | discharge1_min ={{cvt|3,931|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th–20th centuries"/> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea-Conakry]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|09|05|50|N|10|40|58|W|type:river}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|850|m}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|19|20|N|6|28|9|E|type:river|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | river_system = [[List of drainage basins by area|Niger River]] | basin_size ={{cvt|2,117,700–2,273,946|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO"/> | tributaries_left = [[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]], [[Sokoto River|Sokoto]], [[Kaduna River|Kaduna]], [[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]], [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Anambra River|Anambra]] | tributaries_right = [[Niandan]], [[Milo River|Milo]], [[Sankarani River|Sankarani]], [[Bani River|Bani]], [[Béli River|Gorouol]], [[Sirba River|Sirba]], [[Mékrou River|Mékrou]], [[Alibori River|Alibori]], [[Sota River|Sota]], [[Oli River|Oli]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], [[Escravos River|Warri]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = |discharge2_location= [[Onitsha]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|6,470.8|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179|title=Niger|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref>{{refn|name=discharge2|group=n|Multiannual average: 7,000 m³/s (1914–1957)<ref name="DONNÉES HYDROLOGIQUES ESSENTIELLES CONCERNANT LE NIGER">[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/32981.pdf](PDF; 1,55&nbsp; MB)</ref>}} |discharge3_location=[[Lokoja]] |discharge3_min= {{cvt|1,934|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024">{{cite web|url=http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517|title=BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024|access-date=2024-09-17|archive-date=2024-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025">[https://www.abn.ne/index.php/files/15/Bulletins-hydrologiques-fr-FR/95/Bilanhydrologique2024-2025.pdf](PDF; 888&nbsp; KB)</ref> (minimum record in 1916: 500 m³/s<ref name=study>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |title=A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations |first=Ing. Antonio |last=Castano |access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>) |discharge3_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|6,743.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/>{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|Multiannual average: 6,332 m³/s (1915–2019)<ref name="Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region">{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137|title=Long–term streamflow discharge from the Niger River Basin into the delta region|last=Matthew|first=Afolabi|journal=Hydrological Sciences|volume=70|issue=7|page=1038-1051|date=2025|doi=10.1080/02626667.2025.2478137}}</ref>}} | discharge3_max ={{cvt|21,872|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_location=[[Niamey]] |discharge4_min={{cvt|58.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2000–2025){{cvt|978.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge4_max={{cvt|1,996.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |discharge5_location=[[Bamako]] |discharge5_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,091.7|m3/s|cuft/s}}<ref name="Niger"/>}} '''Niger River''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|NY|jər}}; {{Langx|fr|(le) fleuve Niger}} {{IPA|fr|(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ|}}) ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'titali zaŋ n-ti [[West Africa]], di yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{Convert|4180|km|abbr=off}}. Di nyɛla di ni tooi kpɛ kom hali ni {{cvt|2,117,700|km2|sqmi|-2}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |year=2000 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Di pili li nyɛ [[Guinea Highlands]] din be Guinea zaŋ chaŋ di mini Sierra Leone tarisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |website=geography.name |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Niger River |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Facts On File, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665 |last=Thompson |first=Samuel |editor-last1=McColl |editor-first1=R. W. |page=665 |isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori kpɛri [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] n-ti pahi [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ din zori naari [[River delta|delta]] ka niriba pam nyɛ ban mi li [[Niger Delta]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Gulf of Guinea]] din be [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pahiri pinaanahi dunia mɔɣ'kara ni ka nyɛ din pahiri dibaa ata gbaŋsabila mɔɣa ni, di nyɛla din doli Nile mini Congo mɔɣili nyaaŋa. Mɔɣili yaɣ'shɛli nyɛ Benue mɔɣili.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> ==Gbunni == [[File:Niger, Boubon (16), scene at the river front.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Commercial activity along the river front at [[Boubon]], in [[Niger]]]] Niger ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu bɔbugu zaŋ n-ti balli koŋkoba din be lala yaɣili maa: * [[Fula language|Fula]]: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' {{lang|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢}} * [[Manding languages|Manding]]: ''Jeliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} or ''Joliba'' {{lang|man|ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬}} "great river" * [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg]]: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' {{lang|tmh|ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ}} "river of rivers" * [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]: ''Isa'' "the river" * [[Zarma language|Zarma]]: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Idrissa |first1=Abdourahmane |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=4th |page=274 |location=Plymouth, UK |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0}}</ref> * [[Hausa language|Hausa]]: ''Kwara'' {{lang|ha|كوَرَ}} * [[Nupe language|Nupe]]: ''Èdù'' * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: ''Odo Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess [[Ọya]]," * [[Igbo language|Igbo]]: ''Orimiri'' or ''Orimili'' "great water" * [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]: ''Toru Beni'' "the river water" == Climate == Din nyɛ din be [[West Africa]] yaɣili zuɣu, Niger mɔɣili nyɛla din mali tulim pirinla din nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din nyari wuntaŋ pam la zuɣu ka bi tooi nyari saa di gbaai bahindi bin din gbaai Silimiin goli October zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the [[Sahel]] and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the [[Inner Niger Delta]], and on the far left are tributaries of the [[Senegal River]].]] [[File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|right|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the Niger River]] ===Drainage basin=== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din be western [[Africa]] ka nyɛ din deegi tiŋgbani maa polo kamani 7.5% gili tiŋgbana pia. Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |publisher=[[FAO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |date=1997}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" | Area of the country within the basin ! rowspan="2" | Average rainfall in the basin (mm) |- ! (km²) ! (% of total basin) ! (% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] {{flagicon|Algeria}} |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] {{flagicon|Benin}} |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] {{flagicon|Cameroon}} |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] {{flagicon|Chad}} |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] {{flagicon|Guinea}} |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] {{flagicon|Mali}} |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] {{flagicon|Niger}} |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] {{flagicon|Nigeria}} |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on the Niger River: ! rowspan="2" | Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km²) ! colspan="3" | Multiannual average discharge |- ! Year start ! (m³/s) ! (km³) |- |[[Niger Delta]] |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Onitsha]] |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |[[Lokoja]] |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |[[Baro (Nigeria)|Baro]] |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |[[Jebba]] |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |[[Kainji Dam]] |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Malanville]] |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |[[Niamey]] |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |[[Ansongo]] |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |[[Gao]] |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |[[Timbuktu]] |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- |[[Diré]] |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |[[Mopti]] |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |[[Macina, Mali|Ké Macina]] |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |[[Ségou]] |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |[[Koulikoro]] |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |[[Bamako]] |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |[[Siguiri]] |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |[[Kouroussa]] |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |[[Faranah]] |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- |colspan="7" | Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |title=GRDC |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |title=Niger River |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management"/><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> |} [[File:River Niger at Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] ==Discharge== Niger mɔɣili ŋɔ ni tooi yiri shɛm kpɛri [[Niger Delta]] (bin din gbaai yuuni 2010 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="3" | Average discharge |- ! km³ ! m³/s ! cfs |- | 2010 | 288.1 | 9,130 | 322,410 |- | 2011 | 245.7 | 7,786 | 274,960 |- | 2012 | 320.3 | 10,150 | 358,440 |- | 2013 | 224.4 | 7,111 | 251,120 |- | 2014 | 251.2 | 7,960 | 281,110 |- | 2015 | 235.3 | 7,456 | 263,320 |- | 2016 | 286.8 | 9,088 | 320,950 |- | 2017 | 270.9 | 8,585 | 303,160 |- | 2018 | 311.6 | 9,874 | 348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''2010–2018'' | ''270.5'' | '''''8,572''''' | ''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at [[Koulikoro]] (Upper Niger), [[Niamey]] (Middle Niger) and [[Lokoja]] (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" | Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! colspan="3" | [[Koulikoro]] ! colspan="3" | [[Niamey]] ! colspan="3" | [[Lokoja]] |- ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max ! Min ! Mean ! Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web|url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en|title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER}}</ref><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at [[Lokoja]] average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) ! rowspan="2" | Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m³/s) |- ! Min ! ''Mean'' ! Max ! Min ! ''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- |colspan="8" | Source:<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web|url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1|title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation"/><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"/><ref name="BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2024/2025"/> |} ==Tributaries== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Niger Delta]]''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |[[Escravos River|Warri]] |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |[[Orashi River|Orashi]] |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |[[Anambra River|Anambra]] | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |[[Gurara Waterfalls|Gurara]] | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |[[Kaduna River|Kaduna]] | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |[[Oli River|Oli]] |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |[[Kontagora]] | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |[[Sokoto River|Sokoto]] | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |[[Sota River|Sota]] |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |[[Alibori River|Alibori]] |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |[[Dallol Bosso]] | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |[[Mékrou River|Mékrou]] |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |[[Sirba River|Sirba]] |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |[[Béli River|Gorouol]] |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''[[Inner Niger Delta|Inner Delta]]''' |- | |[[Bani River|Bani]] |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |[[Sankarani River|Sankarani]] |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |[[Tinkisso River|Tinkisso]] | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |[[Milo River|Milo]] |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |[[Niandan]] |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ |title=FAO |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Niger"/> ==Lihimi m pahi == * {{annotated link|Azawagh}} * {{annotated link|Niger Basin Authority}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |first=Sanche de |last=Gramont |title=The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1975 |isbn=0-246-10759-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Plumb |first1=J. H. |title=The Niger Quest |journal=History Today |date=1952 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi= |url= |issn=}} * {{cite book |last=Reader |first=John |title=Africa |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-620-25506-6}} * {{cite book |first=J. Oliver |last=Thomson |title=History of Ancient Geography |publisher=Biblo & Tannen Publishers |year=1948<!-- ISBNs before about 1965 are dubious |isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8 -->}} * {{cite book |first=R.L. |last=Welcomme |chapter=The Niger River System |editor-first=Bryan Robert |editor-last=Davies |editor2-first=Keith F. |editor2-last=Walker |title=The Ecology of River Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6193-540-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9 9–60] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9}} ==External links== {{wikimedia|voy=Nigeria|d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law and the Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] s0bxx097n22usp4rejhen58sz84mk4h