Anbariya Senior High School

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    <title>Anbariya Senior High School</title>
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{{E-Class}}
'''Anbariya Senior High School'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anbariya Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com|url=https://schoolsingh.com/pages/senior-high-schools/public-senior-high-schools/anbariya-senior-high/anbariya-senior-high|access-date=2021-11-21|website=schoolsInGh|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127233831/https://www.schoolsingh.com/pages/senior-high-schools/public-senior-high-schools/anbariya-senior-high/anbariya-senior-high|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla shikuru karili m-be [[Tamali|Tamale,]] [[Northern Region]], [[Ghana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/northern/anbariya.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-09-10 |archive-date=2021-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910164752/https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/northern/anbariya.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla shikuru shɛli din chɛ ka shikuru bihi shɛba gbɛri shikuru maa ni ka shɛba mi be bɛ yinsi ka kanna shikuru.

== Taarihe ==
Bɛ daa kpala shikuru ŋɔ yuuni 2009 pirinla [[Anbariya Islamic Institute]] ni daa ʒini n-gbaai shawara ka di niŋ talahi ni bɛ kpala shikuru ŋɔ ka di wumsiri shikurubihi ka be tooi chani university.

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Pubu:Shikuru]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya Zaa]]
[[Pubu:Shikutti]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Takai</title>
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        <username>Nasiba Haruna</username>
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      <comment>M paɣila lahibali.</comment>
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'''Takai''' nyɛla [[Dagbaŋ]] kali wahi ni zaɣi yini. Takai nyɛla dabba mini paɣaba waa ka bɛ too wari li kuyiya, kpariyali puuni, paɣikpuɣibo, Amilya yiya ni din pahi pahi.Takai waa nyela wa shali din toi wari Ameriya yiya ni, Takai waa warimi ni zosimli ni dang ni bipula bin ni toi wa li dagbogn puli. Takai waa daa toi zooya ka did ngla nanim zaadili, Takai waa toi zooya ka warili damba Saha, napulo yi yoli di nam

== Di taarihi ==
Takai nyɛla di pilgi Dagbaŋ 18th centuries Naa Aburu ni  daa diri yani. O daa  mali shili  n chɛŋ baasari ni ɔ ti tʋh'fa o niriba ni maani ka o daa boli yani namo naa ni ŋbɛ bankanli n-bolli nachɛmba ka bɛ chɛŋ ti tɔɣʋ naɣ'biɛɣʋ tɔbʋla.  Bassari naso ŋun daa boli o maŋ naɣ'biɛɣʋla.di. yuni naso ŋʋn daa diri bimbilla nam daa nyɛla n-yab naa nagtom kpema. O daa chɛ ka o tobʋ tohira daa chɛŋ ti sɔŋ n-yab naa aburu. Tɔb' tohira maa  yuli n boodi n-yab bakpab' naa iddi issah. Naa aburu daa ʒirila o ti zonima kamaa Kori naa mahami, Sabal naa iddi issah, tolin  naa doozʋ Andani Bavumlani nindoo. Bavumlani nindoo daa chɛnimi ka ʒiri o zuu, zuu nyɛli, ni o pakpɛŋ.ŋʋni n-daa yɛli maa vaa daŋ tooni ka ʒɛsuma  koŋ dooʒɛɛ.Nanimpam daa chɛŋ tobʋmaa.

Naa Andani daa nyɛla savuligu naa laa saha. O gba  daa ʒɛri o tobʋ tohira ka maa zoosali adu,  achiri damba, ni savuligu yimahi naa nahi. Naa abu daa lan ʒɛrila baba zimliim ni oti sʋŋ  tobumaa.

Tobʋmaa daa miya ti yahi n-yeb bakpab' naa iddi issah n daa labi kuli n-daa ti mali shɛli n lab na pohi kabi daa naa di nasara  tobʋ maa ni.

Ni ka naa aburu daa yɛli, punpuŋʋ ti pa ŋmaa naɣ'biɛɣu zuɣʋ ŋɔ i ye kuli yiŋa I yan warila naɣ'biɛɣʋ  n-teri  tobʋ maa.

Ka naa  andani gba daa tɛi  tobʋ shɛli o daa tʋhi sati, salo daa ku pɛimi gulo o  ti yɛn banla niriba maa  zaa nyela o dimba. Ko daa bohira ye ka  dimli maa yina. Ka be daa yelo dimli maa  yɛnala o bɛini. Naa aburu daa yɛlo nanigooi n di yɛn kuhu maa.ni maa ni ka naa andani  daa yɛli ni o yɛ kuna yɛŋɔ o yɛn warila naningooi. N-yeb bakpab' naa iddi issah gba daa yɛliya  ni o yi kuna yiŋa o yɛn warila nimbieɣi buɣ'li suhiri manda ku yɛ polo.

Ben daa dɛri dari kunna bi daa mali bi tobu nimma daa tori taba nimaani  ka takai daa  pilgi dabgan. 

 
.


== Di diɛmbu bee di wabu ==

== Kundivihira ==
[[Pubu:Kali]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]
[[Pubu:Dagbaŋ waa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yɛltɔɣitaɣimalisi:Sutili</title>
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        <username>Hajiarahama227</username>
        <id>6470</id>
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      <comment>M malimi sabi</comment>
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{{E-Class}}

A pun tiɣisi a maŋa? 

Di niŋ zinchili, tahimi a maŋ' na.

Su'tili n-bɔŋɔ,

Malfa ko'saligu n-bɔŋɔ

Piimi a ni bɔri shɛli ka zaŋ a binbɔra na. 

Saha na biɛni.

SU'TILI,

A yɛn bola;

Duuŋa Suhi,

Salinsaa bin'nyɔri,

Zoo ʒi'koliba, 

Baɣa-baɣa ŋun chani o tooni,

Noo nyin'baɣiti ayi, 

Kodu ti'zoo n-ti  pahi manika zim biɛlima ayopoin.

Nyin' dee yi che ka binbɔra ŋɔ paai ma, yuŋ ŋɔ, bɛ kuli yɛn nyɛla a luɣilikam suhi dai-dai ka a pihiri bahira. 

Di salima nyɛla &quot;Mani n kpa mini o paɣa bi' di mali ma...ŋme maŋ bi kumda&quot;.

Di bi to.

Alaha biɛri!&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LESSON ONE {{!}} Dalun-BiCo Lagim Tehi Tuma|url=https://lagim.blogs.brynmawr.edu/2015/11/13/lesson-one/|access-date=2022-05-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

MALFA KO'SALGU

Di binbɔra n-nyɛ; 

Kpar'dɔɣu lan'bia,

Gbuɣin'niɛŋ zinli ,

Nyab'niɛŋ nyindahi ayi,

Timbuŋ nyɛmari,

Yuun pihita waɣ'mahili,

Ni garin'niɛma ayopoin.

N yi kpiɛhi binbɔra ŋɔ nuuni, malfa noli kam din tiri a, mɔɣili n-kuli yɛn chee di noli maani.

Di salima n-nyɛ &quot; Nya kum ka da...ŋun kpa o yɛlli n-nyari o yɛlli&quot;.

A yi mali bɔhigu, nyin guhimi ka Mba Gunu pini ma naai.

N je ni piliŋ ŋmaai ma.

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]
[[Pubu:Bachinamdili]]
[[Pubu:Bachinima]]
[[Pubu:Yɛltɔɣitaɣimalisi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adu Gyamfi Senior High School</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{E-Class}}

'''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' nyɛla bikura shikuru din be  tiŋ yuli booni Jamaasi, din be [[Sekyere East District]], [[Ashanti Region]], [[Ghana]] tingbani ni..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html|accessdate=2015-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Taarihi ==
Adu Gyamfi Senior High School nyela Jamasi yaɣili Preby asori ni daa kpa sheli yuuni 1968 . Tuuli maa, bi daa booni la shikuru maa '''Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO)'''. Shikuru maa tuuli karimbakpema n daa nye Mr. E.K. Sarpong, bihi pihinii ka bi da zaŋ pili shikuru maa. Gomnanti daa deegi shikuru maa n pahi gomnanti karinzona ni yuuni 1974, ka daa taɣi di yuli labisi Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High|url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm|access-date=2024-05-27|website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com|url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about|access-date=2024-05-27|website=schoolsInGh|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baŋsim Yaɣa ==

* General Science
* General Arts
* Visual Arts
* Home Economics
* Business

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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{{E-Class}} 
N tuzopaɣa 

Timma zaɣa

Di niŋ fawaɣili n-ti tum
Nyin kuli mirimi n-cho din maha 

Ka tam ni luɣushɛŋa maha ka nyɛ vum

Yulimi la luɣushɛli a ni yɛn paai n-ti pum

Ka a bihi ti ku kum

Ka nyini maŋ-maŋa suhi maai bɔm

Ka a tɔm nya gɔm

== Yaɣili din pahiri ayi ==
N tuzopaɣa
Timma zaɣa
Do'so biɛni yaa
ŋuna ka a yɛn kuli ka a nyɛvuli tɔŋ
Ŋuna ka a mi yuuni zaɣ'nyɔŋ
Dama o zuliya ka gbaŋ
Ayei! Bo n-niŋ ka a bi baŋ
Ŋarimi a nyee ka gbaai a daliri chaŋ

== Yaɣili din pahiri ata ==
N tuzopaɣa
Timma zaɣa
Do'so biɛni yaa
Ŋuna ka a yɛn kuli ka tooi nam alibarika zuliya
Ŋuna ka a mi yahiri ka ba'yinyaa
Dama o nɔrila tiŋa n-kani na a ya
Chɛli zinchili yaa
Ŋuna n-nyɛ a daliri maa yaa

== Yaɣili din pahiri anahi ==
N tuzopaɣa
Timma zaɣa
Do'so biɛni yaa
Ŋuna ka a yɛn kuli ka a daashili liri
Ŋuna mi n-nyɛ a ni ŋmari so ʒiri
Dama biɛhigu ŋme o mi n-furi
Ayei! Bo n-niŋ ka a yuuni liɣiri
Yimina n-kari gbaai a daliri
Ka che zinchili

== Yaɣili din pahiri anu ==
N tuzopaɣa
Timma zaɣa
Do'so biɛni yaa
Ŋuna ka a yɛn kuli ka mali suhudoo
Ŋun ka a mi yuuna ka o timsim bi paai zoo
Dama o nyɛla Naawuni ni dahim so
Bɔmi la ŋun ni ku a noo
Pa ŋun mali noo
Chɛli zinchili ka zaŋ o n-lɛbi a suhini goo

== Kpaliŋkpaa yaɣili ==
N tuzopaɣa
Timma zaɣa
Pa piɣi-piɣi n-nyɛ salima
Pa nyaɣila n-nyɛ tim
Sɔŋmi a nina tiŋa
A daliri maa ʒi a tooni
Baligim a napɔŋ chanda
Di ti chaŋ n-yaɣi a daliri zuɣu
Tiɛhimi poi ka naan'yi gbaagi
Di ti gbaai n-ziŋ
Kookali lan' n-wumdi jebɔbigu kumsi

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa ]]
[[Pubu:Salin' waɣinli]]
[[Pubu:Salima]]</text>
      <sha1>onx1sehm2tjmivlu3jxsmzbt5iby7a4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bae Yoon-kyung</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="10778" sha1="cthpmekpcfgxsk6b8gkg60gxt4ukxag" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
{{Short description|South Korean actress}}


'''Bae Yoon-kyung''' ({{Korean|배윤경}}, o suuna yuli n-nyɛ Bae Yoon-kyung; January 22, 1993) ka o nyɛ South Korea kpɛrikpɛrita. O be dimaŋa dɛma ni kamani ''Joseon Beauty Pageant'' (2018) mini ''[[The King's Affection]]'' (2021). O lahi be kpɛriti ni kamani ''[[The Miracle We Met]]'' (2018), ''[[Doctor Prisoner]]'' (2019).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/202002040903726733|title=‘하바마’ 윤사봉→배윤경, 평온하지 않은 평온납골당 패밀리…연기 고수 총출동|publisher=Hankook Ilbo|date=February 4, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111319977|title=배윤경, '더 로맨스' 강한나X정제원 집필 웹드라마 주연 발탁 [공식]|publisher=OSEN|date=March 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''[[Hi Bye, Mama!]]'' (2020), ''[[My Unfamiliar Family]]'' (2020), n-ti pahi ''[[Undercover (2021 TV series)|Undercover]]'' (2021).

==Filim nima==
===Television series===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; -
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2017
| ''[[You Are Too Much]]'' 
| Ji-ha 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://biz.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=202004271830592950487_1|title=배윤경, 싱그러움 흘러넘치는 요정 미모..청순함의 교과서|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=March 4, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | 2018
| ''[[The Miracle We Met]]'' 
| Sun Hye-jin 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=202004201533595292537_1|title=배윤경, 민낯+안경 조합도 예쁘네..딸기보다 상큼한 미모|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=March 6, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Joseon Beauty Pageant'' 
| Dan-yi 
| Main role
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=202004181432058526393_1|title=배윤경, 부스스한 모습도 예쁘네..청순함의 교과서|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=March 6, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Drama Special]] : Socialization – Understanding of Dance'' 
| Yoon-mi 
|Season 10
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://enews24.tving.com/news/article.asp?nsID=1342054|title='가족입니다' 배윤경 캐스팅..한예리X추자현과 호흡[공식]|publisher=Enews24|date=March 8, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''The Sound of Your Heart: Reboot'' 
| Sook-ja 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mydaily.co.kr/new_yk/html/read.php?newsid=202004141102188473&amp;ext=na|title=[공식] 배윤경, '가족입니다' 캐스팅…&quot;한예리X추자현과 호흡|publisher=My Daily|date=March 10, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Clean with Passion for Now]]'' 
| Eun-hee 
| Cameo
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2020030113422763361|title='하바마' 배윤경, 엉뚱 매력 폭발|publisher=StarNews|date=March 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''The Sound of Your Heart: Reboot Season 2'' 
| Sook-ja 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111318506|title='하이바이마마' 배윤경, 엉뚱발랄한 돌직구..4차원 매력 뿜뿜|publisher=OSEN|date=March 14, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Less Than Evil]]'' 
| Woo Tae-hee 
| 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2020033008441636062|title='하이바이, 마마' 배윤경, 실감나는 현실 연기로 공감|publisher=StarNews|date=March 16, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Doctor Prisoner]]'' 
| Jung Se-jin 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1Z02H18IPF|title='하트시그널' 배윤경 '더 로맨스' 강한나X정제원 시놉시스 주인공 발탁|publisher=Seoul Economy|date=March 18, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2020
| ''[[Hi Bye, Mama!]]'' 
| Park Hye-jin 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111328293|title='너의 마음은 음소거' 배윤경, 롤러코스터급 감정 연기 '웃음 유발|publisher=OSEN|date=March 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[My Unfamiliar Family]]'' 
| So-young 
| 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvreport.co.kr/2034549|title=배윤경, 강한나X정제원 집필 '더 로맨스-너의 마음은 음소거' 주연 발탁[공식]|publisher=TV Report|date=March 22, 2020|access-date=November 18, 2023|archive-date=February 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202211812/https://www.tvreport.co.kr/2034549|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[She Knows Everything]]''
| Lee Hyun-ji 
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202007099545H|title='미쓰리는 알고있다' 수목극 1위 출발, 시청률 4.2%|publisher=Korean Economy|date=December 2, 2020|access-date=November 18, 2023|archive-date=February 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203111127/https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202007099545H|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Record of Youth]]'' 
| Kim Su-man 
| Cameo
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://enews24.tving.com/news/article?nsID=1350492|title='청춘기록' 배윤경, 셰퍼트 기자 役 합류..박보검 아군될까 적군될까|publisher=Enews24|date=November 26, 2020|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=September 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921053740/http://enews24.tving.com/news/article?nsID=1350492|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |  2021
| ''[[Drama Stage]]'' – [[List of Drama Stage episodes#Season 4|On the Way to the Gynecologist]]&quot;
| Kim So-jin
|Season 4
| &lt;ref name=DD/&gt;
|-
| ''[[Undercover (2021 TV series)|Undercover]]''
| Mi-seon 
| 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202007310217I|title=배윤경, '언더커버' 캐스팅... 거침없는 연기 행보|trans-title=Bae Yun-kyung casts'Undercover'... Unstoppable acting|author=Kim Na-kyung|work=Hankyung|publisher=Korea Economic Daily|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=March 24, 2021|archive-date=February 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105558/https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202007310217I|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[The King's Affection]]''
|Shin So-eun
|
| &lt;ref name=DD&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sun Bong-suk|title=배윤경, 사극 ‘연모’ 주연 신소은 역 출연 확정|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/144/0000725981|website=kyunghyang|date=March 24, 2021|access-date=March 24, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
| ''[[KBS Drama Special|Drama Special]] – Do You Know Ashtanga'' 
| Kang Na-ra
| one act-drama
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&amp;aid=0003086682|author=Kim No-eul |title=우영우' 권모술수 주종혁, '아쉬탕가를 아시나요' 출연‥배윤경 호흡[공식]|trans-title='Woo Young-woo' Kwon Mo-sul-su Joo Jong-hyuk, appeared in 'Do You Know Ashtanga'... Bae Yoon-kyung breathing [Official] |publisher=MT Star News|via=Naver|date=September 14, 2022|access-date=September 14, 2022|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| rowspan=2|2023
| ''[[Crash Course in Romance]]''
| Hye-yeon
| Cameo
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000685494|author=Hwang Hye-jin|title=전도연X정경호X배윤경 삼자대면 포착, 로맨스 불붙는다(일타 스캔들)|trans-title=Jeon Do-yeon X Jung Kyung-ho X Bae Yun-kyung Three-way face-to-face capture, romance ignites (Crash Course in Romance)|publisher=Newsen|via=Naver|date=February 5, 2023|access-date=February 5, 2023|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Wedding Impossible''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&amp;aid=0003126625|author=Lee Kyung-ho|title=[단독]배윤경, '웨딩 임파서블' 주연 합류..'여성들 워너비로 변신|trans-title=[Exclusive] Bae Yoon-kyung joins 'Wedding Impossible' as the lead role.. 'Women transform into wannabes|publisher=MT Star News|via=Naver|date=February 6, 2023|access-date=February 6, 2023|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable  plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|2022
|''Unicorn''
|Carol
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=003&amp;aid=0011331429|author=Hwang Ji-hyang|title=배윤경, '바이럴 마케팅' 고수…'유니콘|trans-title=Bae Yoon-kyung, master of 'viral marketing'... 'Unicorn|publisher=Newsis|via=Naver|date=July 28, 2022|access-date=July 28, 2022|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-

|}

===Television shows===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|-
! Year
! Title
! Original title
! Role
!Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2017 
| ''[[Heart Signal]]''
| 하트시그널
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Cast member 
|
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[List of Law of the Jungle episodes#Sunda Islands|Law of the Jungle in Sunda Islands]]''
| 정글의 법칙 in 순다열도
|
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kim Jin-seok|title=[단독]도영·주이·김동한·조빈, '정글의 법칙' 출연|url=https://news.joins.com/article/23545873|website=[[JoongAng Ilbo]]|date=August 7, 2019|access-date=February 12, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=|title='정글의 법칙 in 순다열도' 김수용-강경준-도영-조빈-주이 합류..동심 생존 돌입|url= https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/112/0003229708 |website=Naver|date=October 31, 2019|access-date=February 12, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
== Pina mini Piibu==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
|+ Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Award ceremony
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Category
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nominee / Work
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Result
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;  rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | [[KBS Drama Awards]]
| [[2022 KBS Drama Awards|2022]]
| Best Actress in Drama Special/TV Cinema
| ''In My Ashtanga Class''
| {{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&amp;aid=0001541303|last=Hwang|first=Soo-yeon|title=배우로 받은 첫 번째 상&quot; 차학연·신은수, 드라마스페셜·TV시네마상 [KBS 연기대상]|trans-title=The first award received as an actor&quot; Cha Hak-yeon · Shin Eun-soo, Drama Special · TV Cinema Award [KBS Drama Awards]|publisher=X-ports News|via=Naver|date=December 31, 2022|access-date=January 1, 2023|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|}

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Instagram|_yoonkyoung}}
* {{Hancinema person|Bae_Yoon-kyung}}
* {{IMDb name|9872235}}
* [https://www.luckycompany.kr/blank-4 Bae Yoon-kyung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415124719/https://www.luckycompany.kr/blank-4 |date=2018-04-15 }} at Lucky Entertainment {{in lang|ko}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bae, Yoon-kyung}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean actresses]]
[[Category:South Korean female models]]
[[Category:South Korean television actresses]]
[[Category:Konkuk University alumni]]</text>
      <sha1>cthpmekpcfgxsk6b8gkg60gxt4ukxag</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baek Seung-hee</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="9476" sha1="11nrfdk8xqmc9ems9fgagqijt153i7b" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

'''Baek Seung-hee''' nyɛla South Korea kpɛrikpɛrita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports.donga.com/ent/article/all/20200319/100230081/2|title=백승희, tvN ‘오 마이 베이비’ 캐스팅…장나라-고준과 호흡|website=Sports Donga|date=October 27, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O be kpɛriti ni kamani''[[A Bird That Doesn't Sing]]'', ''[[Secret Garden (South Korean TV series)|Secret Garden]]'', ''[[Oh My Baby]]'', ''[[Remarriage &amp; Desires]]'' n-ti pahi ''[[Blind (South Korean TV series)|Blind]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=20150406000137|title=배우 백승희, 일일극 '울지 않는 새' 여주인공 캐스팅|website=Busan Ilbo|date=November 1, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=BusanNews&gt;{{cite web|url=https://busansanai.tistory.com/1504|title=백승희|website=Busan News|date=October 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filim nima ==
=== Television series ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Likeable or Not]]'' || Lee Soo-jung ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Likable_or_Not-cast.html|title=Likable or Not - Cast (Korean Drama, 2007, 미우나 고우나)|website=Hancinema|date=March 13, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2009 || ''[[Empress Cheonchu]]'' || [[Queen Mundeok]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bntnews.co.kr/article/view/bnt201511230040|title=백승희 &quot;'천추태후' 감독님에게 감사해. 드라마 출연하면서 처음으로 받아본 배려였다&quot;|website=BNT News|date=November 24, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[High Kick Through the Roof]]'' || Baek Seung-hee ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/2009102924837|title=백승희, '지붕뚫고 하이킥' 이순재 비서로 낙점|website=Korean Economy|date=October 30, 2009|access-date=November 21, 2023|archive-date=November 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101142823/https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/2009102924837|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Secret Garden (South Korean TV series)|Secret Garden]]'' || Park Chae-rin ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/201511232555k|title=백승희 &quot;'시크릿가든'은 내게 있어 연기의 전환점이 된 작품&quot;|website=BNT News|date=March 4, 2016|access-date=November 21, 2023|archive-date=November 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101142834/https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/201511232555k|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2011 || ''[[Detectives in Trouble]]'' || Shin Yoo-mi ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tvdaily.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1299536721137824002|title='강력반' 정태호-백승희-광희-쁘띠장, 4색 매력 폭발 '폭소만발 깨알연기'|website=TV Daily|date=March 10, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Me Too, Flower!]]'' || Lee Yeong-hee ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldpop.com/view.php?ud=202003190921017616505_1|title=백승희, tvN '오 마이 베이비' 합류..장나라 고준과 호흡|website=The Korea Herald|date=March 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2012 || ''[[I Do, I Do (TV series)|I Do, I Do]]'' || Uhm  Yoo-jin ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2012052913425105197&amp;type=1&amp;outlink=1|title=백승희, '아이두아이두' 구두 디자이너로 합류|website=Star News|date=May 30, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[May Queen (TV series)|May Queen]]'' || Jo Min-gyeong ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.sbs.co.kr/news/article.do?article_id=E10001557956&amp;plink=ORI&amp;cooper=NAVER|title=심은진·백승희, 울랄라 세션과 한솥밥|website=SBS Entertainment News|date=November 17, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2014 || ''[[KBS TV Novel]]'' – &quot;[[Land of Gold]]&quot; || Han Jin-kyung ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201312191850193310|title=백승희 '순금의땅' 주연 발탁, 갈등 축 이끄는 절세가인|website=Newsen|date=December 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[One Sunny Day]]'' || Couple girl ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_One_Sunny_Day-cast.html|title=One Sunny Day - Cast (Korean Drama, 2014, 좋은 날)|website=Hancinema|date=December 10, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2015 || ''[[A Bird That Doesn't Sing]]'' || Oh Yoo-mi ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/201507175862k|title='울지 않는 새' 백승희, 홍아름에 뻔뻔한 태도…“오빠 손 놔줘”|website=Korean Economy|date=August 29, 2022|access-date=November 21, 2023|archive-date=November 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101145314/https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/201507175862k|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2016 || ''The Unusual Family'' || Heo Soon-shim ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tenasia.hankyung.com/topic/article/2015060396704|title='울지 않은 새' 백승희, 아역 한서진과 다정한 투샷|website=Ten Asia|date=May 2, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2017 || ''[[A Korean Odyssey]]'' || Wooden doll ghost's bride ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.wowtv.co.kr/NewsCenter/News/Read?articleId=A201804100164&amp;t=NN|title=백승희, KBS 드라마 '내일도 맑음' 캐스팅|website=Korea Economic TV|date=December 27, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sunny Again Tomorrow]]'' || Lee Han-na ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201804101247108010|title=백승희 ‘내일도 맑음’ 합류, 설인아-진주형과 호흡|website=Newsen|date=April 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019 || ''[[The Golden Garden]]'' || Seo Hye-yeong ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.xportsnews.com/article/1299918|title=백승희, 스타잇엔터테인먼트와 전속계약…안내상·우현과 한솥밥|website=X Sports News|date=September 23, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2020 || ''[[Oh My Baby]]'' || Park Yeon-ho ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/baek-seung-hee-cast-for-the-tvn-drama-oh-my-baby-139737.html|title=Baek Seung-hee Cast for the tvN Drama &quot;Oh My Baby&quot;|website=Hancinema}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Get Revenge]]'' || Song Seon-mi ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://star.ytn.co.kr/_sn/0117_202011201342330007|title=백승희-김광식, TV조선 '복수해라' 출연 확정 &quot;긴장감 더할 것&quot;|website=TYN News|date=November 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Revolutionary Sisters]]'' || Bae Seul-cheo ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/tvbrand/article/469/0000586737?dssid=17521476|title=백승희, '오케이 광자매' 특별출연...감초 활약 예고'|trans-title=Baek Seung-hee,'Okay Photonic Sister' special appearance... Licorice activity notice | author= Jeong Han-byul | work= One Star | publisher= Naver|access-date= March 9, 2021|date=March 9, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2022 || ''[[Kiss Sixth Sense]]'' || Eun-jung ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Kiss_Sixth_Sense-cast.html|title=Kiss Sixth Sense - Cast (Korean Drama, 2022, 키스 식스 센스)|website=Hancinema|date=May 28, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Remarriage &amp; Desires]]'' || Han Jung-ok ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.stoo.com/article.php?aid=81907783505|title=백승희, '블라인드' 출연…옥택연·하석진·정은지와 호흡|website=Sports Today|date=August 28, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Blind (South Korean TV series)|Blind]]'' || Yeom Hye-jin ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000613275|last=Lee|first=Seul-gi|title=백승희, tvN ‘블라인드’ 출연…옥택연 하석진 정은지와 호흡[공식]|trans-title=Baek Seung-hee to appear in tvN's 'Blind'... Taecyeon Ok and Seokjin Ha and Eunji Jung [Official]|publisher=Newsen|via=Naver|date=August 9, 2022|access-date=August 9, 2022|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Film ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2019
| ''Scent of a Ghost''
| Milk Lady
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_movie_Scent_of_a_Ghost-cast.html|title=Scent of a Ghost - Cast (Korean Movie, 2019, 귀신의 향기)|website=Hancinema|date=January 1, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Music video appearances ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; 
|-
! Year
! Title
! Artist
! Length
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2008
| ''I'm Sorry Oppa''
| Elvis
| 4:00
|&lt;ref name=www.starit-ent.com/&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2009
| ''[[Wedding Dress (Taeyang song)|Wedding Dress]]''
| [[Taeyang]]
| 4:03
|&lt;ref name=www.starit-ent.com/&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2010
| ''Over Time''
| [[Baek Ji-young]]
| 4:30
|&lt;ref name=www.starit-ent.com/&gt;
|}

== Pina mini Piibu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
|+ Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Award ceremony
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Category
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Result
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''World Best Model Contest Folk Costume Award''
| 2003
| ''Asia Award Special Award''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=BusanNews/&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Winner of the World Best Model Contest''
| 2003
| ''Best Model Award''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=BusanNews/&gt;
|}

== Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3779956}}
* {{Hancinema person|Baek_Seung-hee}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baek, Seung-hee}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:South Korean television actresses]]
[[Category:South Korean film actresses]]</text>
      <sha1>11nrfdk8xqmc9ems9fgagqijt153i7b</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Amina Zoubir</title>
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      <text bytes="18898" sha1="tvapxq13m7zxadpgge2b8lk2uz8s6db" xml:space="preserve">'''Amina Zoubir''' ( bɛ dɔɣi o la yuuni 1983) o nyɛla ŋun nyɛ [[contemporary artist]], filmmaker n ti pahi performer from [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]. O nyɛla bɛ ni mi so ni  [[feminist]] performer ka di nyɛla o bɛhigu ni sinii din yuli booni ''Take your place la puuni'',&lt;ref&gt;Produced by narrative (Paris, France) and Une Chambre à Soi (Algiers, Algeria) http://www.narrative.info/portfolio/un-ete-a-alger/&lt;/ref&gt;  dini ka o daa dareeti yuuni 2012 di ni daa niŋ ka.Algeria nim yan puhi bɛ yuun pihinu chuɣu bɛ maŋ sulinsi deebu nyaan ga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Amina-Zoubir/E07DCE67944CE272|title=Amina Zoubir &amp;#124; Art Auction Results|website=www.mutualart.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== O Public Art Collection nima ===
The artworks produced from Amina Zoubir's practice and research have been included in public and private collections of art foundations and museums.
* Etnografiska Museet, 2020, Stockholm, Sweden
* Collection Tilder, 2019, Paris, France 
* Collection Gervanne and Matthias Leridon,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.collection-leridon.com/artistes/|title = Artistes de la collection|date = 24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2018 Paris, France 
* FRAC Occitanie, Fond Régional d'Art Contemporain, Les Abattoirs,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.navigart.fr/lesabattoirs/artwork/270000000129506?filters=query%3Aamina%20zoubir&amp;page=1&amp;layout=grid&amp;sort=by_author|title = Les Abattoirs, Toulouse|date = 18 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2017, Toulouse, France
* Foundation DONWAHI, 2016, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
* Foundation of African Artists for Development,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aad-fund.org/artistes/amina-zoubir/?lang=en|title=Amina Zoubir - African Artists for Development|access-date=2024-12-30|archive-date=2025-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114110845/https://aad-fund.org/artistes/amina-zoubir/?lang=en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2015, Paris, France.

=== O Filmography nima ===
*Last pop dance before darkness,&lt;ref&gt;Le Monde, publié le 06 mai 2018 https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/05/06/a-dakar-l-art-contemporain-africain-se-met-a-l-heure-rouge_5295094_3212.html&lt;/ref&gt; 30 min, HD Pal color, sound, 2014–2016.
*Love all women like you love your mother, 4 min, Pal color, sound, 2018.
*Living in Utopia, video, 10 min, Pal color, sound, 2017.
*Take Your Place - Prends ta place, webdocumentary A Summer in Algiers - Un été Alger, produced by Narrative Paris and Une chambre à soi Algiers, with  support of CNC France, 40 min, HD Pal color, sound, 2012, six performances in urban spaces at Algiers, Algeria.
*In which world do you want to be born, video, 2 min, Pal color, sound, 2011.
*Psychedelic women, video, 10 min, Pal color, sound, 2008–2010.
*The city is one of us, in collaboration with Yossi Atia, Love Difference and Foundation Pistoletto, documentary, 10 min, Pal color, sound, 2008.
*Take the Bus and look - Prends le bus et regarde, documentary, 12 min, Pal color, sound, 2006.

== Exhibitions==
=== O Solo exhibition nima ===
* ''Taking a stance on berber queens'', Södertälje Konsthall,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/330316/amina-zoubir-taking-a-stance-on-berber-queens-history-and-mythology/|title=Amina Zoubir taking a stance on berber queens: history and mythology|website=www.e-flux.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; April 27 to June 27 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sodertaljekonsthall.se/en/exhibitions/amina-zoubir-taking-a-stance-on-berber-queens/|title=Södertälje Konsthall — Amina Zoubir taking a stance on berber queens|website=www.sodertaljekonsthall.se}}&lt;/ref&gt; April 27-June 27, 2020, Södertälje, Sweden.
*''The Forgotten figures'', Rikstolvan Art Center, September 19-November 1, 2020 Jarrestad Simrishamn, Sweden.
*''Arab sexshop'', Espace d’Art 87, 2016, Paris, France. 
*''Take your place'', A Summer in Algiers, Cinémathèque Tanger, 2013, Tangiers, Morocco. 
*''Psychedelic women: the middle Eastern body languages'', PasaJist Gallery, 2012, Istanbul, Turkey.

=== O Group exhibitions and biennial nima ===
2011 - 2020 
* Lahore Biennale, Second edition, installation Muscicapidae &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/humming-intersections/|title = Humming Intersections|date = 25 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; January 26 to February 29, 2020, curator Sheikha Hoor Al Qasimi, Lahore, Pakistan.
* Nobel Week Lights, installation [[Albert Camus]] Light's up ''Je n’ai jamais pu renoncer à la lumière - Jag kunde aldrig ge upp ljuset'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nobelweeklights.se/installation/camus-lights-up/?lang=en|title=Camus lights up – Nobel Week Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kulturhuset Stadsteatern, with Nobel Prize Museum, Institut Français de Suède and Helmet, 5–13 December 2020, Stockholm, Sweden.
* 1:54&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.1-54.com/marrakech/artists/zoubir-amina/|title=1-54 Contemporary African Art Fair|access-date=2024-12-30|archive-date=2023-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131061822/https://www.1-54.com/marrakech/artists/zoubir-amina/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; African Art Fair, Primo Marella Gallery, 2020, Marrakech, Morocco.
* Time To Shine Bright, Algerian Pavilion, Biennale d’Arte di Venezia, Venice Biennale 2019, Italy, May 9-November 24, 2019. 
* Cairo Biennale, Eyes East Bound, installation Muscicapidae,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://contemporaryand.com/fr/magazines/the-13th-cairo-biennale-returns-after-a-five-year-break/|title = The 13th Cairo Biennale Returns After a Five-Year Break}}&lt;/ref&gt; 13th edition at the Palace of Arts, curator Ehab El Laban, Cairo Egypt, June 10 to August 10, 2019. 
* Lumières d’Afriques, Musée d’Art Contemporain Mohamed VI, Rabat, Maroc, April 2 to August 15, 2019. 
* MAXXI, Musée Nationale d’Art Contemporain du 21e siècle, Rome Italy, African Metropolis, an imaginary city, curator Simon Njami and Elena Motisi, June - November 2018, Rome, Italy. 
* Dak’Art Dakar Biennale,&lt;ref&gt;Par Philippe Dagen, Le Monde, publié le 08 mai 2018 https://www.lemonde.fr/arts/article/2018/05/08/a-dakar-une-biennale-sans-concessions_5295899_1655012.html&lt;/ref&gt; The red hour, curator Simon Njami, Palais de Justice Dakar, May to June 2018, Dakar, Senegal. 
* Lagos Photo Festival, Regimes of Truths, curator Azu Nwagbogu, November- January, 2017, Lagos, Nigeria. 
* Lagos Biennale, Living on the edge, October 2017, Lagos, Nigeria.
* Afriques Capitales, Vers le cap de bonne espérance, curator Simon Njami, Gare Saint Sauveur, April 2017, Lille, France. 
* Centre Pompidou, Performance Aerobic Philosophic by Pascal Lièvre, 2016, Paris, France. 
* AKAA, Also Known As Africa, Foire d’art Contemporain d’Afrique, November 2016, Carreau du Temple, Paris, France. 
* L’Iris de Lucy,&lt;ref&gt;Par Roxana Azimi, Le Monde, publié le 01 août 2016 https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2016/08/01/l-iris-de-lucy-la-femme-africaine-a-l-honneur_4977146_3212.html&lt;/ref&gt; Musée départementale d’art contemporain Rochechouart,&lt;ref&gt;Musée départementale d’art contemporain Rochechouart https://www.musee-rochechouart.com/index.php/fr/les-expositions/archives/2016/l-iris-de-lucy&lt;/ref&gt; June 2016, Rochechouart, France. 
* El Iris de Lucy, MUSAC&lt;ref&gt;El Iris de Lucy, group show of African women artists at MUSAC Museum of contemporary art Leon https://musac.es/#exposiciones/expo/?id=6278&amp;from=?id=174&amp;from=&lt;/ref&gt; Museum of contemporary art, January 2016, [[León, Spain|León]], Spain.
* Something Else, curator Simon Njami, OFF Biennale Caire, Darb1718, November 2015, Cairo, Egypt.
* Lumières d’Afriques,&lt;ref&gt;Par Edelweiss Vieira, Le Monde, publié le 24 novembre 2015. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/11/24/l-afrique-allumee-au-palais-de-chaillot_4816447_3212.html&lt;/ref&gt; Théatre Nationale de Chaillot,  November 2015, Paris, France. 
* Addis FotoFest, 3e édition, Festival de la photographie, Addis Abeba, September 2014, Ethiopia. 
* Biennale H2O Actuel Art, curated by Feria+Vincent, Modern Art Museum of republic of Sakha, Yakoutsk, August 2014, Russia. 
* Torrance Art Museum, Time is Love, curator Kisito Assangni, September 2013, California, USA. 
* Palais de Tokyo, Launch of video performance Take Your Place, A Summer in Algiers, during Triennale ''Intense proximité'', curator Okwui Enwezor, June 24, 2012, Paris, France.
* FEMLINK Wonder 2011, Fondation Artos, Nicosi, Chyprus and TAC, Eindhoven, Netherlands.

2004 - 2010
* Panorama des Cinémas du Maghreb,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/infosoir/111813|title=Panorama des cinémas du Maghreb|access-date=2024-12-30|archive-date=2026-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415044422/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/infosoir/111813|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prend le bus et regarde, April 2010, Saint Denis, France. 
* Diffusion des Cinémas Arabes, Cinéma(s) d’Algérie, AFLAM, May 2009, Marseille, France. 
* Biennale Internationale d’art contemporain Pontevedra,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.biennialfoundation.org/biennials/pontevedra-art-biennial/|title=Pontevedra Art Biennial (Spain)}}&lt;/ref&gt; 30e édition, sans frontières : convergences hispanomaghrébines, June 2008, Pontevedra, Spain.
* Biennale des Jeunes Créateurs d’Europe et de Méditerranée BJCEM, 13e édition, Bari, Italy. The city is one of us, Foundation [[Michelangelo Pistoletto]], June 2008, Bari, Italy.
* Exhibition Regards des photographes Arabes au [[:fr:Musée public national d’Art moderne et contemporain d’Alger|Musée public national d’Art moderne et contemporain d’Alger]] (MAMA) capitale du monde Arabe par [[:fr:Institut du monde arabe|Institut du monde arabe]], 2008, Paris, France.  
* Festival du Court-Métrage de Clermont-Ferrand, Marché du court, 2008, France.
* Screening, Take the bus and look, Filmathèque ZINET, April 2006, Algiers, Algeria.  
* Biennale Internationale de Design Saint-Etienne, 2004, France.
* In memory of director Ahmed ASSELAH and his son Rabah ASSELAH, murdered at the [[:fr:École supérieure des beaux-arts d'Alger|École supérieure des beaux-arts d'Alger]] on March 5, 1994, during civil war. Exhibition at ESBA 2004, Algiers, Algeria.

=== O Conference nima ===
*Conference at iaspis  Konsnarsnamnden Stockholm, Sweden &lt;ref&gt;June 15, 2020 iaspis Dialogues https://www.konstnarsnamnden.se/default.aspx?id=21254 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122234053/https://www.konstnarsnamnden.se/default.aspx?id=21254 |date=2021-11-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; with Karen Milbourne,&lt;ref&gt;Conversation with curator Karen Milbourne https://vimeo.com/431500715&lt;/ref&gt; Senior Curator at [[Smithsonian Institution]], [[National Museum of African Art]], Washington D.C USA.
*Interview at French Institute Of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.&lt;ref&gt;Talk at French Institute Sweden https://institutfrancais-suede.com/interview-avec-lartiste-amina-zoubir/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813155039/https://institutfrancais-suede.com/interview-avec-lartiste-amina-zoubir/ |date=2022-08-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*TV5 Monde, L'invité de Patrick Simonin, with Malala Andrialavidrazana, about the exhibition Lumières d'Afriques&lt;ref&gt;conversation with artist Malala Andrialavidrazana to view on that link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61ZboUc9NNo2017&lt;/ref&gt;
*France Culture Radio, Ping Pong Interview, Amina Zoubir et Jayro Bustamante: Femmes rebelles d’Algérie et du Guatemala,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/ping-pong/amina-zoubir-jayro-bustamante-femmes-rebelles-d-algerie-et-du-guatemala|title=Amina Zoubir &amp; Jayro Bustamante : Femmes rebelles d'Algérie et du Guatemala|date=20 November 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Paris, France.
*Forum Libération, Débat Alger : nouvelle génération? Villa Méditerranée,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/evenements-libe/2013/04/20/une-deambulation-algeroise_897651|title = Une déambulation algéroise}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marseille, France.
*Resistance et creation, debate moderated by journalist Ariane Allard with Lydie Salvayre, [[Hala Mohammad]], [[Wassyla Tamzali]], Alessandra Celesia and Amina Zoubir at Festival Films Femmes Méditerranée, organized by ARTE - Actions Culturelles,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.journalzibeline.fr/resistantes/|title=Résistantes|date=October 3, 2013|website=Zibeline|access-date=December 30, 2024|archive-date=August 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805044322/https://www.journalzibeline.fr/resistantes/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; September 28, 2013, Villa Méditerranée, Marseille, France
*Debate Nouveaux Cinémas d’Afrique, Décoloniser les imaginaires: La Fabrique du Réel Dans Les Nouveaux cinémas d’Afrique,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://archive.r22.fr/son/decoloniser-les-imaginaires-la-fabrique-du-reel-dans-les-nouveaux-cinemas-africains/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-12-30 |archive-date=2021-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124162740/https://archive.r22.fr/son/decoloniser-les-imaginaires-la-fabrique-du-reel-dans-les-nouveaux-cinemas-africains/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Les Ateliers Varan, 2013, Paris, France.
*Conference at {{ill|Institut des cultures d'Islam|fr}}, Festival Viva l’Algérie, January&amp;nbsp;2013, Paris, France

==O Bibliography nima==

=== Exhibition catalogues ===
*Lahore Biennale, 2020, Lahore, Pakistan.
*Biso Biennale, 2020, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
*Cairo Biennale, Eyes East Bond, Cairo, Egypt.
*Time to shine bright, first [[Algerian pavilion]] at 58th [[Venice Biennale]] in 2019, Italy, edited by Editions HELIUM Algeria
*Dakar Biennale, Dak'Art 2018, Palais de Justice de Dakar, Senegal
*African Metropolis, An imaginary city, group exhibition of African artists, MAXXI NATIONAL MUSEUM OF 21ST CENTURY ARTS,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.maxxi.art/en/events/african-metropolis/|title=African Metropolis. An imaginary city &amp;#124; MAXXI|date=February 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2018, Rome, Italy, Editor Kehrer Verlag, Germany.
*Afrique Capitales, Vers le Cap de bonne espérance, group exhibition of African artists, La Villette Paris, Gare Saint Sauveur, Lille, France,2017, Editor Kehrer Verlag, Germany.
*Lucy's Iris, group exhibition of African women artists, MUSAC Museum, 2016–2017, [[León, Spain|León]], Spain.
*Lumières d'Afriques, group exhibition of African artists, [[Théâtre Nationale de Chaillot]], 2015, Paris, France.

===O Publication nima ===

*Black Camera n°6 ''Women on the Algerian Art Scene: Interrogating the Postcolonial Gaze through Documentary and Video Art'', article by Delphine Letort and Emmanuelle Cherel.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Letort|last2=Cherel|year=2014|title=Women on the Algerian Art Scene: Interrogating the Postcolonial Gaze through Documentary and Video Art|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/blackcamera.6.1.193|journal=Black Camera|volume=6|issue=1|pages=193–214|doi=10.2979/blackcamera.6.1.193|jstor=10.2979/blackcamera.6.1.193|s2cid=191602194}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indiana University Press Board of Directors, 2014, Indiana, USA. 
*''Algerian Artists Write the Video Body 1995–2013'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://universes.art/en/nafas/articles/2014/video-body-algeria|title=Algerian Artists Write the|website=universes.art}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nafas Magazine, 2014, online on ''Universes in Universe''. 
*''Le génie empêché par les médiocres, The genius impeded by the mediocre,'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.leslaboratoires.org/en/ctxnode/1364/21|title=illegal_cinema &amp;#124; Les Laboratoires d'Aubervilliers|website=www.leslaboratoires.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; about the movie Tahya Ya Dido, Mohamed Zinet (1971, 76 min) at Laboratoire d’Aubervilliers, 2013, France.
*Monde du Cinéma, number 3, ''Art video algérien: une experience en temps réel'', review release in April 2013 at Paris, France.
*Book release ''Relationship of image and sound in contemporary Algerian Video: Experience real-time''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=ZOUBIR|first=AMINA|date=June 7, 2010|title=RELATION DE L'IMAGE ET DU SON DANS LA VIDEO CONTEMPORAINE ALGERIENNE|url=https://www.morebooks.de/store/fr/book/relation-de-l-image-et-du-son-dans-la-video-contemporaine-algerienne/isbn/978-613-1-50745-8|publisher=Editions universitaires europeennes|via=www.morebooks.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; European University Editions, 2010, Germany. 
* Journal of the Foundation [[Michelangelo Pistoletto]], About video documentary, ''Take the bus and look'', 2010, Cittadellarte, [[Biella]], [[Italy]].

=== O Collaboration nima ===
*''Utocorpis'', curatorial programme, video art, films et vidéos d’artistes français et africains, 2017, French Institute Casablanca, Morocco. 
*''Utocorpis'', les corps utopiques, Silencio Club [[David Lynch]], 2017, Paris, France.
*''Delirium'', vidéos d’artiste africains, French Institute Dakar, 2016, Senegal.
*Curating exhibition ''Le corps manquant''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.if-algerie.com/alger/agenda-culturel/le-corps-manquant-installation-video-autour-de-la-thematique-du-corps|title=Institut Français d'Alger &quot;Le corps manquant&quot; installation vidéo autour de la thématique du corps — Alger|website=www.if-algerie.com|access-date=2024-12-30|archive-date=2024-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527173153/https://www.if-algerie.com/alger/agenda-culturel/le-corps-manquant-installation-video-autour-de-la-thematique-du-corps|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; - ''The missing body'', 2014, French Institute Algiers, Algeria. 
*''Corps et (des) accords. L’Esthétique vidéo des artistes algériennes (1995–2013)'', Cycle Possession, Espace Khiasma,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.khiasma.net/rdv/amina-zoubir/|title=Amina Zoubir|website=www.khiasma.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2013, curatorial programme of video art, Paris Les Lilas, France.
*Curating exhibition La scène algérienne, Hospice Saint Charles, January 2013, Rosny-sur-seine, France. 
*Illegal Cinema 113, screening movie ''Tahya ya dido'', directed by par [[Mohamed Zinet]] (1971, 76 min), Laboratoires d’Aubervilliers,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.leslaboratoires.org/date/illegalcinema-113/illegalcinema-0|title=illegal_cinema &amp;#124; Les Laboratoires d'Aubervilliers|website=www.leslaboratoires.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2013, Paris, France. 
*''Methods and processes of change'', Foundation [[Michelangelo Pistoletto]] and Association Love Difference, 2010, [[Biella]], [[Italy]].
*''French Connexion'' edited by  Léa Gauthier, Black Jack Editions, 2008, Paris, France. 
*''Du sacré dans l’art actuel?'', edited by Richard Conte et Marion Laval Jeantet, Klincksieck Editions, 2008, Paris, France.

== Kundivihira ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.aminazoubir.com}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zoubir, Amina}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Algerian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Algerian artists]]
[[Category:21st-century women artists]]
[[Category:Algerian contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Algerian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Algerian feminists]]
[[Category:Women performance artists]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37779" sha1="ro4hbevbjwdib69r2y0idc4lmqzuk54" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

'''Angela Yeung Wing''' ({{lang-zh|s=杨颖|p=Yáng Yǐng}}; bɛ dɔɣi o la 28 February 1989),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=杨颖32岁生日，黄晓明深夜发文为她庆生，无意间暴露婚姻状态_黄先生|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/453144546_100169946|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.sohu.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401063835/https://www.sohu.com/a/453144546_100169946|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka niriba booni o dɛma yuli '''Angelababy''', o nyɛla China kpɛrikpɛrita. Yuuni 2013, ''[[Southern Metropolis Daily|Southern Metropolis Entertainment Weekly]]'' daa piigi o mi m-pahi [[Four Dan Actresses|New Four Dan Actresses]] nima ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smweekly.com/news/cover/201301/32220.aspx|title=10年之后再评花旦|date=1 January 2013|website=Southern Metropolis Daily|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729103750/http://www.smweekly.com/news/cover/201301/32220.aspx|archive-date=29 July 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=25 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Filmography ==

===Film===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
!English title
! Chinese title
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2006
|''Under The Lion Rock Band Cream''
|狮子山下菊带霜
|student
|
|-
| 2007 || ''Trivial Matters'' || 破事儿 || Tak Nga ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2009 || ''[[Short of Love]]'' || 矮仔多情 || Angel ||
|-
|''[[G-Force (film)|G-Force]]'' || 超鼠特攻 || || Voice-dubbed (Cantonese version)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.hunantv.com/d/x/20090819/396714.html|title=Angelababy为卡通片造势 与钟蕙芝等比拼美艳|date=19 August 2009|publisher=Hunan TV|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010339/http://ent.hunantv.com/d/x/20090819/396714.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|2010 || ''[[All's Well, Ends Well 2010]]'' || 花田喜事2010 || Princess Pearl of Flowerland ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2009/12/15/1421285.html|title=《花田囍事2010》剧照首曝光 杨颖反串胡须男|date=15 December 1009|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102554/http://news.mtime.com/2009/12/15/1421285.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Hot Summer Days]]'' || 全城热恋 || Xiao Qi ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2010/02/02/1424653.html|title=《全城热恋》热辣首映 四美女评判男搭档吻技|date=2 February 2010|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102518/http://news.mtime.com/2010/02/02/1424653.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=5|2011 || ''[[All's Well, Ends Well 2011]]'' || 最強喜事 || Better ||Cameo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com/sinacn/506-000-103-107/2011-02-05/18371069904.html|title=《最強囍事》陣容曝光 葉偉信鄭中基爆笑出鏡|date=5 February 2011|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618104054/http://news.sina.com/sinacn/506-000-103-107/2011-02-05/18371069904.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Tangled]]'' || 魔髮奇緣 || [[Rapunzel (Tangled)|Rapunzel]] || Voice-dubbed (Cantonese version)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hk.entertainment.appledaily.com/entertainment/daily/article/20110111/14855859|title=Baby聲演《魔髮奇緣》|date=11 January 2011|website=Apple Daily|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102450/https://hk.entertainment.appledaily.com/entertainment/daily/article/20110111/14855859|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[The Founding of a Party]]'' || 建党伟业 || Xiao Fengxian ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/m/c/2010-10-27/18053127820.shtml|title=《建党伟业》剧照 刘德华恋上Angelababy|date=27 October 2010|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102517/http://ent.sina.com.cn/m/c/2010-10-27/18053127820.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Love in Space (film)|Love in Space]]'' || 全球热恋 || Huang Mudan ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2011/08/15/1467588.html|title=杨颖《全球热恋》分饰三角 成换装皇后|date=15 August 2011|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102429/http://news.mtime.com/2011/08/15/1467588.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Love You You]]'' || 夏日乐悠悠 || Xia Mi ||
|-
|rowspan=5|2012 || ''[[A Simple Life]]'' || 桃姐 || Herself || [[Cameo appearance|Cameo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://yule.sohu.com/20120222/n335557783.shtml|title=《桃姐》0.1秒客串明星 Angelababy成人肉背景|date=22 February 2012|website=Sohu|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102446/http://yule.sohu.com/20120222/n335557783.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[First Time (2012 film)|First Time]]'' || 第一次 || Song Shiqiao || 
|-
| ''[[Black &amp; White Episode I: The Dawn of Assault]]'' || 痞子英雄 || Fan Ning ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/m/c/2012-08-17/11053714305.shtml|title=Angelababy首演动作片 20楼直堕到地(图)|date=17 August 2012|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=28 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128165436/http://ent.sina.com.cn/m/c/2012-08-17/11053714305.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Tai Chi 0|Tai Chi 1: 0]]'' || 太极1：之零开始 || Chen Yuniang ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2012/08/27/1495841.html|title=《太极》曝Angelababy剧照 刚柔并济饰掌门娇女|date=27 August 2012|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102605/http://news.mtime.com/2012/08/27/1495841.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Tai Chi Hero]]'' || 太极2: 英雄崛起 || Chen Yuniang ||
|-
|rowspan=6|2013 || ''Together'' || 在一起 ||Lin Shengnan ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/pix/2012/11/28/315972.html|title=爱情片《在一起》曝新剧照 Angelababy一角N变|date=28 November 2012|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102542/http://news.mtime.com/pix/2012/11/28/315972.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Crimes of Passion (2013 film)|Crimes of Passion]]'' || 一场风花雪月的事 || Yue Yue ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2013-08/09/content_16883488.htm|title=Crimes of Passion premieres in Beijing|date=9 August 2013|website=China Daily|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054458/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2013-08/09/content_16883488.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon]]'' || 狄仁杰之神都龙王 || Yin Ruiji || 
|-
|''Double Cities'' ||双城记 || ||Short film&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.domarketing.cn/html/2013/Transport_0409/8835.html|title=奥迪Q3邀请余文乐及Angelababy主演并推出微电影《双城记》|date=9 April 2013|website=Domarketing|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010338/http://www.domarketing.cn/html/2013/Transport_0409/8835.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''The Best is Always Here'' ||最好的，一直都在 || || Short film; Cameo
|-
|''Who Is Your Dish 2013'' ||谁是你的菜2013	|| Princess Le || Short film&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/x/2013-07-15/15243964410.shtml|title=《谁是你的菜》网络首映火爆暑期档|date=15 July 2013|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010329/http://ent.sina.com.cn/x/2013-07-15/15243964410.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2014 || ''[[Temporary Family]]'' || 失戀急讓 || Lui Yuen-ping ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.sina.com/entertainment/p/2014/0606/707020.html|title=Angelababy licks condom in new movie|date=6 June 2014|publisher=Sina Corp|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=10 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910211821/http://english.sina.com/entertainment/p/2014/0606/707020.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Rise of the Legend]]'' || 黃飛鴻之英雄有夢 || Xiao Hua ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/asia/mann-peng-and-angelababy-join-legend-1200597078/|title=Mann, Peng and Angelababy Join 'Legend'|date=3 September 2013|website=Variety|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612164511/https://variety.com/2013/film/asia/mann-peng-and-angelababy-join-legend-1200597078/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Love on the Cloud]]'' || 微爱之渐入佳境 || Chen Xi || 
|-
|rowspan=5|2015 || ''[[Running Man (2015 film)|Running Man]]'' || 奔跑吧！兄弟 || Herself ||
|-
| ''[[You Are My Sunshine (2015 film)|You Are My Sunshine]]'' || 何以笙簫默 || He Yimei ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/04/13/195s874071.htm|title=Angelababy Promotes Her BF's New Film in Beijing|date=13 April 2015|website=China Radio International|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508121438/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/04/13/195s874071.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Bride Wars (2015 film)|Bride Wars]]'' || 新娘大作战 || He Jing ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/08/11/4001s891264.htm|title=Romantic Comedy 'Bride Wars' to Hit Big Screens on August 20|date=11 August 2015|website=China Radio International|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030909/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/08/11/4001s891264.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Hitman: Agent 47]]'' || 代號47 || Diana Burnwood || 
|-
| ''[[Mojin: The Lost Legend]]'' || 鬼吹灯之寻龙诀 || Ding Sitian ||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2016 || ''[[Kill Time (film)|Kill Time]]'' || 谋杀似水年华 || Tian Xiaomai ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/12394/2016/01/13/195s912594.htm|title=Angelababy Co-stars Ethan Ruan in Kill Time|date=13 January 2016|website=China.org.cn|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508053834/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2016/01/13/195s912594.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Independence Day: Resurgence]]'' || 天煞—地球反擊戰2 || Rain Lao|| 
|-
| ''[[League of Gods]]'' || 封神传奇 || Lan Die ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2016/07/13/1557306.html|title=《封神传奇》杨颖海报预告双发 Angelababy化身失忆少女 蓝蝶身份成疑|date=13 July 2018|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=5 August 2018|archive-date=5 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805143347/http://news.mtime.com/2016/07/13/1557306.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[See You Tomorrow (2016 film)|See You Tomorrow]]'' || 摆渡人 || Ah Yu ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
|-
| ''[[Love O2O (film)|Love O2O]]'' || 微微一笑很倾城 || Bei Weiwei ||{{citation needed|date=August 2016 }}
|-
|2019
| ''[[The Captain (2019 film)|The Captain]]''
|中国机长
|
| Cameo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2019/09/10/1596979.html|title=《中国机长》&quot;紧急呼叫&quot;预告再现揪心时刻 张涵予率英雄机组打造国庆档刺激大片|date=10 September 2019|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=11 September 2019|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915205553/http://news.mtime.com/2019/09/10/1596979.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
| ''I Remember''
|明天你是否依然爱我
|Zhao Ximan
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2020/05/20/1602478.html|title=Angelababy《明天你是否依然爱我》曝海报|date=20 May 2020|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=30 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530111351/http://news.mtime.com/2020/05/20/1602478.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Television series===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
!English title
! Chinese title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2010 || ''Tweet Love Story'' ||恋爱对白 (恋するセリフ) || Li Zi || 
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Love Yunge from the Desert]]'' || 大汉情缘之云中歌 || Hou Yunge ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[General and I]]'' || 孤芳不自赏 || Bai Pingting || 
|-
| 2018|| ''Entrepreneurial Age'' || 创业时代 || Na Lan||
|-
| 2019 ||''My True Friend''  || 我的真朋友||Cheng Zhenzhen|| 
|-
| 2020 ||''A Murderous Affair in Horizon Tower'' || 摩天大楼 || Zhong Meibao||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.ifeng.com/c/7nPoYC9rURM|title=郭涛杨子姗系列领衔主演《摩天大楼》 本季领衔主演杨颖惊艳亮相|work=ifeng|date=11 June 2019|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022 || ''The Wind Blows From Longxi'' || 风起陇西|| Liu Ying || 
|-
|2022 || ''Love The Way You Are'' || 爱情应该有的样子|| Yin Yi Ke ||
|-
| 2025 || ''Everlasting Longing'' || 相思令 || Jun Qi Luo/Jun Fei Fan || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ifensi.com/index.php?m=home&amp;c=View&amp;a=index&amp;aid=2492 |trans-title=Yang Ying and Song Weilong's &quot;Lovesickness Order&quot; was successfully completed |date=May 15, 2023 |title=杨颖宋威龙《相思令》圆满杀青 幕后匠心细节首次曝光引爆期待 |language=zh |website=iFensi |accessdate=August 23, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  TBA |||| 漫影寻踪|| Luna ||
|-
|  TBA |||| 生活在别处的我
太极3:巅峰在望
渴望生活
| ||
|}

=== Variety show===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! English title
! Chinese title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Beautiful Cooking]]'' || 美女廚房 ||Contestant|| [[TVB]] variety show
|-
| 2014–present || ''[[Keep Running (TV series)|Keep Running]]'' || 奔跑吧 || rowspan=4|Cast member|| {{citation needed|date=September 2020}}
|-
| 2017 || ''King of Glory'' || 王者出击 ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/zz/2017-11-09/doc-ifynsait6694092.shtml|title=《王者出击》率Angelababy林志玲等五美亮相|date=9 November 2017|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=9 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109094042/http://ent.sina.com.cn/zz/2017-11-09/doc-ifynsait6694092.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018 || ''Clash Bots'' || 机器人争霸 ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201802/14/WS5a83807aa3106e7dcc13ca20_3.html|title=Clash of the robots|date=14 February 2018|website=China Daily|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618125611/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201802/14/WS5a83807aa3106e7dcc13ca20_3.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019 || ''Four Try'' || 潮流合伙人 ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/tv/zy/2019-10-09/doc-iicezuev0975440.shtml|title=《潮流合伙人》阵容曝光 吴亦凡baby等经营潮牌|date=9 October 2019|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=14 October 2019|archive-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014132551/https://ent.sina.com.cn/tv/zy/2019-10-09/doc-iicezuev0975440.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Discography ==
=== Singles ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year !! English title !! Original title !! Album !! Notes
|-
| rowspan=3|2010 || &quot;Beauty Survivor&quot; ||  || ||rowspan=3|Japanese single
|-
| &quot;Love Never Stops&quot; || || 
|-
| &quot;Everyday's A Beautiful Story&quot; || ||
|-
| 2011 ||&quot;Bottom of the Heart&quot; || 海底之心 || ''[[Love You You]] OST'' || with [[JJ Lin]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.163.com/11/0928/10/7F1H2H52000300B1.html|title=林俊杰Angelababy《夏日乐悠悠》共谱海底之心|date=28 September 2011|website=Netease|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102436/http://ent.163.com/11/0928/10/7F1H2H52000300B1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=3|2012 || &quot;Can We Smile Together&quot; || 都要微笑好吗 ||rowspan=2|''[[First Time (2012 film)|First Time]] OST'' ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.mtime.com/2012/05/04/1487675.html|title=《第一次》曝主题曲MV正式版 赵又廷浪漫俘获Baby|date=4 May 2012|website=Mtime|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102556/http://news.mtime.com/2012/05/04/1487675.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&quot;Say Goodbye&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20110916/000019.htm|title=《全球热恋》插曲MV首度曝光 Angelababy献声|date=16 September 2011|website=Tencent|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010330/https://ent.qq.com/a/20110916/000019.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&quot;Happy Together&quot; ||   || with [[Aarif Rahman]]
|-
| rowspan=2|2015 || &quot;Today You Will Marry Me&quot; || 今天你要嫁给我 || ''[[Bride Wars (2015 film)|Bride Wars]] OST'' || with [[Ni Ni]], [[Chen Xiao]] &amp; [[Zhu Yawen]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/m/c/2015-07-19/doc-ifxfaswm0887743.shtml|title=陈晓称杨颖像泰迪 baby自黑唱歌差|date=19 July 2015|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102514/http://ent.sina.com.cn/m/c/2015-07-19/doc-ifxfaswm0887743.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| &quot;Green Skirt&quot; || 绿罗裙 || ''[[Love Yunge from the Desert]] OST'' ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2015-09-11/doc-ifxhupir7043266.shtml|title=《云中歌》片尾曲 baby填词献唱绿罗裙|date=11 September 2015|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618125645/http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2015-09-11/doc-ifxhupir7043266.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3| 2019 || &quot;Snow Flower Poem&quot;||雪花赋 ||||Performance for CCTV Spring Gala&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.163.com/photoview/00AJ0003/663110.html|title=Angelababy春晚献唱美如画 穿白裙仙气十足|website=Netease|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929032604/http://ent.163.com/photoview/00AJ0003/663110.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Fly&quot; ||飞 ||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.tom.com/201906/1059674284.html|title=Angelababy发布角色单曲《飞》兑现给粉丝的四年之约|date=6 June 2019|website=Tom.com|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010333/http://ent.tom.com/201906/1059674284.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| &quot;Run for the Dream&quot; || 造亿万吨光芒 || ''[[Keep Running (TV series)|Keep Running]]'' theme song || with [[Li Chen (actor)|Li Chen]], [[Zheng Kai]], [[Zhu Yawen]], [[Wang Yanlin]], [[Lucas (rapper)|Lucas Wong]] and [[Song Yuqi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/ent/2019-04/26/c_1124419173.htm|title=新一季《奔跑吧》定档4.26 助力环保践行公益|date=26 April 2019|website=Xinhua News|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429105111/http://www.xinhuanet.com/ent/2019-04/26/c_1124419173.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|2020 || &quot;With You by My Side&quot; || 有你在身边 ||  ||rowspan=2| Charity song for Coronavirus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.ynet.com/2020/02/24/2402995t1254.html|title=酷我音乐韩庚杨颖王一博郑爽献唱《有你在身边》 致敬一线抗疫英雄|date=24 February 2020|website=Xinhuanet|language=zh|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501082942/http://ent.ynet.com/2020/02/24/2402995t1254.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Fearless&quot;||无畏的模样 || 
|}

== Pina mini piibu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan=2|2012
|Fashion Power Awards
|Trendy Public Figure
| rowspan=6 {{NA}}
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fashion.163.com/12/1107/00/8FLTFKJ000264J94.html|title=Angelababy张靓颖登中国时尚权利榜|date=7 November 2012|website=Netease|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929014856/http://fashion.163.com/12/1107/00/8FLTFKJ000264J94.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Mnet Asian Music Awards]]
|Best Red Carpet Style
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fashion.163.com/photoview/25A20026/35516_mobile.html?from=tj_sytj|title=Angelababy年度最佳红毯造型|date=25 December 2012|website=Netease|language=zh}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=6|2013
|China's Women Media Awards
| Breakthrough Female
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://slide.ent.sina.com.cn/slide_4_704_51568.html#p=1|title=Angelababy获封年度突破女性|date=31 January 2013|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010342/http://slide.ent.sina.com.cn/slide_4_704_51568.html#p=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Bazaar Jewelry Night
|Charity Star Award
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.1ent.cn/articles/2013/1219/3596409159.html|title=明星齐聚珠宝盛宴 Angelababy黄裙亮获慈善大奖|date=19 December 2013|website=ent.cn|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010337/http://www.1ent.cn/articles/2013/1219/3596409159.html|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Hong Kong Society of Cinematographers Awards
| Most Charismatic Actress
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinanews.com/yl/2013/03-06/4619819.shtml|title=谢霆锋、Angelababy获&quot;专业眼中最具魅力演员奖&quot;|date=6 March 2013|website=China News|language=zh|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102522/http://www.chinanews.com/yl/2013/03-06/4619819.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
 |9th [[Huading Awards]]
| Most Popular Actress Elected by Media
| {{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2013-04/12/content_16397648_3.htm|title=Stars attend Huading Awards in Hong Kong|date=12 April 2013|work=China Daily|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112021842/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2013-04/12/content_16397648_3.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|13th [[Chinese Film Media Awards]]
|Most Anticipated Actress
|''[[First Time (2012 film)|First Time]]''
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;film&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=20 August 2013|title=The 13th Chinese Film Media Awards|url=http://english.sina.com/entertainment/2013/0820/620613.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226132450/http://english.sina.com/entertainment/2013/0820/620613.html|archive-date=26 February 2017|access-date=25 February 2017|work=China Daily|publisher=Sina Corp}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1st China International Film Festival London
|Best Actress
|''[[Crimes of Passion (2013 film)|Crimes of Passion]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-

|rowspan=3|2014
|[[21st Beijing College Student Film Festival|21st]] [[Beijing College Student Film Festival]]
|[[Students' Choice Award for Favorite Actress|Most Popular Actress]]
|rowspan=2|''[[Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon]]''
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;dragon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=12 May 2014|title=Beijing College Student Film Festival concludes|url=http://english.cntv.cn/2014/05/12/VIDE1399846562841729.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226131044/http://english.cntv.cn/2014/05/12/VIDE1399846562841729.shtml|archive-date=26 February 2017|access-date=25 February 2017|publisher=CCTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14th [[Chinese Film Media Awards]]
|Most Anticipated Actress
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| 3rd iQiyi All-Star Carnival
| Asian All-Rounded Idol
|rowspan=5 {{NA}}
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20141208/018341.htm|title=Baby获亚洲全能偶像大奖 大赞TFboys可爱|date=8 August 2014|website=Tencent|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010340/https://ent.qq.com/a/20141208/018341.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4|2015
|rowspan=2| Weibo Awards Ceremony
|Weibo Goddess
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2015-01-15/doc-iavxeafs0048592.shtml|title=Angelababy获微博年度女神|date=15 January 2015|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010342/http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2015-01-15/doc-iavxeafs0048592.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Weibo Queen
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/celebrity/2015-01/20/content_19353678.htm|title=Sina Weibo salutes the most bloggable celebrities|date=20 January 2015|website=China Daily|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010342/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/celebrity/2015-01/20/content_19353678.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Cosmo Beauty Ceremony
| Beautiful Idol Award
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://slide.ent.sina.com.cn/star/slide_4_704_124091.html?img=1772544#p=16|title=cosmo盛典&quot;年度美丽偶像&quot;获奖者合影|date=6 November 2015|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020254/http://slide.ent.sina.com.cn/star/slide_4_704_124091.html?img=1772544#p=16|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4th iQiyi All-Star Carnival
| Rising Achievement Award
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20151206/016961.htm|title=Angelababy盛装出席颁奖礼 获封年度飞跃大奖|date=6 December 2016|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929205020/https://ent.qq.com/a/20151206/016961.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4|2016
|[[19th Huading Awards|19th]] [[Huading Awards]]
|Best Actress (Ancient Drama)
| ''[[Love Yunge from the Desert]]''
|{{nom}}
| 
|-
|[[33rd Hundred Flowers Awards|33rd]] [[Hundred Flowers Awards]]
|[[Hundred Flowers Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|''[[Mojin: The Lost Legend]]''
|{{won}}
|{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| [[8th Macau International Movie Festival|8th]] [[Macau International Movie Festival]]
|[[Golden Lotus Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Kill Time (film)|Kill Time]]''
|{{nom}}
| 
|-
| Weibo Awards Ceremony
|Outstanding Charity Figure
|rowspan=8  {{NA}}
| {{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2016-01-08/doc-ifxnkkuv4195745.shtml|title=Baby晓明齐获&quot;微博之夜&quot;年度卓越公益人物|date=8 January 2016|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131185852/http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2016-01-08/doc-ifxnkkuv4195745.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
|rowspan=2|[[Toutiao]] Awards
| Popular Actress of the Year
| {{won}}
|rowspan=2|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/211086039_136866|script-title=zh:2017今日头条年度盛典完美收官，大数据选出26个&quot;年度头条&quot;|date=17 December 2017|work=Sohu|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010330/http://www.sohu.com/a/211086039_136866|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Most Commercially Valuable Celebrity
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan=4|2018
|rowspan=2|Weibo Award Ceremony
| Philanthropy Contribution Award
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2018-01-18/doc-ifyquptv7773366.shtml|title=微博之夜星光璀璨 揭晓4大榜单彰显正能量|date=28 January 2018|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824172924/http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2018-01-18/doc-ifyquptv7773366.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Hot Search Artist
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2018-01-18/doc-ifyqtwzu4472729.shtml|title=李易峰angelababy获微博年度热搜艺人荣誉|date=28 January 2018|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010330/http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2018-01-18/doc-ifyqtwzu4472729.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|12th Tencent Video Star Awards
|VIP Star
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20181218/013151.htm|title=腾讯视频星光盛典：Baby美杨超越萌，老戏骨们最有范儿|date=18 December 2018|website=Tencent|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110173530/https://ent.qq.com/a/20181218/013151.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Toutiao]] Awards
|All-Rounded Artist
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://biz.ifeng.com/a/20181225/45270925_0.shtml|title=多个领域全面开花 &quot;娱乐圈全能者&quot;吴亦凡、Angelababy获得今日头条年度全能明星|date=25 December 2018|website=ifeng|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010337/http://biz.ifeng.com/a/20181225/45270925_0.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=6|2019
| Hong Kong Society of Cinematographers Awards
| Most Charismatic Actress
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/2019-02-14/doc-ihqfskcp5034076.shtml|title=古天乐Angelababy成摄影师眼中最有魅力男女演员|date=14 February 2019|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010330/http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/2019-02-14/doc-ihqfskcp5034076.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|6th The Actors of China Award Ceremony
| Best Actress (Emerald Category)
|rowspan=3|''My True Friend''
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2019-10-16/doc-iicezuev2530102.shtml|title=&quot;好演员&quot;候选名单：肖战李现赵丽颖杨紫等入围|date=16 October 2019|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016144318/https://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2019-10-16/doc-iicezuev2530102.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th [[Asian Television Awards]]
| [[Asian Television Award for Best Actress|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
| {{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.asiantvawards.com/nominees/2019-nominees/|title=2019 Nomineess|website=Asian Television Awards|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025102226/https://www.asiantvawards.com/nominees/2019-nominees/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Golden Bud – The Fourth Network Film And Television Festival
|Best Actress
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.ynet.com/2019/11/25/2225215t1254.html|title=金骨朵网络影视盛典提名揭晓 王一博肖战杨紫等入围|date=25 November 2019|website=Ynet|language=zh|access-date=25 November 2019|archive-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524071515/https://pos.baidu.com/fcem?conwid=300&amp;conhei=80&amp;rdid=3083583&amp;dc=3&amp;exps=110261,110254,110011&amp;psi=23a16339ab169f1a5ac86156ae1948be&amp;di=u3083583&amp;dri=0&amp;dis=0&amp;dai=41&amp;ps=0x0&amp;enu=encoding&amp;ant=0&amp;aa=1&amp;dcb=___adblockplus_&amp;dtm=HTML_POST&amp;dvi=0.0&amp;dci=-1&amp;dpt=none&amp;tsr=0&amp;tpr=1621840471300&amp;ti=%E9%87%91%E9%AA%A8%E6%9C%B5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%BD%B1%E8%A7%86%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%B8%E6%8F%90%E5%90%8D%E6%8F%AD%E6%99%93%20%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%9A%E8%82%96%E6%88%98%E6%9D%A8%E7%B4%AB%E7%AD%89%E5%85%A5%E5%9B%B4_YNET.com%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%92%E7%BD%91&amp;ari=2&amp;ver=0517&amp;dbv=2&amp;drs=3&amp;pcs=1185x27606&amp;pss=1201x27606&amp;cfv=0&amp;cpl=3&amp;chi=50&amp;cce=true&amp;cec=UTF-8&amp;tlm=1574662292&amp;prot=2&amp;rw=1185&amp;ltu=http%3A%2F%2Fent.ynet.com%2F2019%2F11%2F25%2F2225215t1254.html&amp;ecd=1&amp;uc=1600x1000&amp;pis=-1x-1&amp;sr=1600x1000&amp;tcn=1621840512&amp;qn=1771fb2043dfb693&amp;tt=1621840512250.3.2234.2234|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Cosmo Glam Night
|Person of The Year (Dream)
|{{NA}}
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ent.qianlong.com/2019/1204/3458463.shtml|title=时尚传承 美丽永恒！2019COSMO时尚美丽盛典闪耀上海|date=4 December 2019|website=Qianlong|language=zh|access-date=4 December 2019|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204162100/http://ent.qianlong.com/2019/1204/3458463.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|16th Esquire Man at His Best Awards
| Most Popular Actress
|{{NA}}
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fashion.ifeng.com/c/7sXJzDbrTma|title=大半个娱乐圈明星高光时刻全记录 第十六届MAHB年度先生盛典燃爆京城|date=19 December 2019|website=ifeng|language=zh|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219175416/https://fashion.ifeng.com/c/7sXJzDbrTma|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|Weibo Awards Ceremony
|Weibo Goddess
|{{NA}}
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2020-01-11/doc-iihnzahk3503042.shtml|title=王一博张艺兴刘亦菲杨幂等获微博年度男女神|date=11 January 2020|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|access-date=11 January 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325224732/https://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2020-01-11/doc-iihnzahk3503042.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Forbes China Celebrity 100===
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
!Year
!Rank
!Ref.
|-
|2011
| 88th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20110520/000079.htm|title=Angelababy跻身中国名人榜 否认靠黄晓明上位|date=20 May 2011|website=Tencent|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010330/https://ent.qq.com/a/20110520/000079.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|100th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://yule.sohu.com/20120504/n342292072.shtml|title=2012福布斯中国名人榜揭晓 范冰冰跃居内地榜首|date=4 May 2012|website=Sohu|language=zh|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929010209/http://yule.sohu.com/20120504/n342292072.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2013
| 54th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jaynestars.com/news/2013-forbes-china-celebrity-100-list-fan-bingbing-is-top-earner/|title=2013 Forbes China Celebrity 100 List: Fan Bingbing in Top Spot|date=24 April 2013|website=JayneStars|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-date=7 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707000148/https://www.jaynestars.com/news/2013-forbes-china-celebrity-100-list-fan-bingbing-is-top-earner/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|55th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2014/05/06/2014-forbes-china-celebrity-list-full-list/|title=2014 Forbes China Celebrity List (Full List)|date=6 May 2014|website=Forbes|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-date=10 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510070427/https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2014/05/06/2014-forbes-china-celebrity-list-full-list/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|12th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2015-05/12/content_35547596.htm|title=Top 10 Chinese celebrities in 2015 by Forbes|website=[[China Internet Information Center]]|date=12 May 2015|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-date=19 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319154315/http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2015-05/12/content_35547596.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|8th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2017/09/22/2017-forbes-china-celebrity-list-full-list/|title=2017 Forbes China Celebrity List (Full List)|website=Forbes|date=22 September 2017|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828054317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2017/09/22/2017-forbes-china-celebrity-list-full-list/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|14th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2019-08-20/doc-ihytcitn0545378.shtml|title=福布斯中国发布100名人榜 吴京黄渤胡歌位列前三|publisher=Sina Corp|date=20 August 2019|language=zh|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820131456/https://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/2019-08-20/doc-ihytcitn0545378.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|16th
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forbeschina.com/life/50975|title=福布斯中国发布2020名人榜，00后少年易烊千玺荣登榜首|date=27 August 2020|website=Forbes China|language=zh|access-date=27 August 2020|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017195628/http://www.forbeschina.com/life/50975|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Angelababy}}
* {{IMDb name|2854802|Angelababy}}
* [https://m.weibo.cn/u/1642351362 Angelababy] on [[Sina Weibo]]

{{Hundred Flowers Award Best Supporting Actress}}

[[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun na be o nyɛvuli ni]]
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  <page>
    <title>Bai Lu (actress)</title>
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      <text bytes="30046" sha1="9zd2mxrupdv4qy9r1v2lre13l5tixrb" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

'''Bai Mengyan''' ({{zh|c=白梦妍|p=Bái mèng yán}}; bɛ dɔɣi o la 23 September 1994), ka bɛ booni o '''Bai Lu''' ({{zh|c=白鹿}}), ka o nyɛ China kpɛrikpɛrita ŋun nyɛ paɣa, ka lahi nyɛ yiliyiina. O kpɛriti shɛŋa n-nyɛ ''[[Untouchable Lovers]]'' (2018), ''[[The Legends (TV series)|The Legends]]'' (2019), ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]]'' (2019), ''[[Love Is Sweet]]'' (2020), ''[[One and Only (TV series)|One and Only]]'' (2021), ''[[Forever and Ever (TV series)|Forever and Ever]]'' (2021), n-ti pahi ''[[Till the End of the Moon]]'' (2023).

==Piligu biɛhigu ==
Bai Lu nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so Bai Mengyan Anashaara goli 23 September 1994,  [[Changzhou, Jiangsu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bai Lu |url=https://www.iq.com/actor-info/bai-lu-236210805 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=[[iQIYI]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 2010, o daa niŋla o junior high school mini Foreign Language degree bɔhimbu  Changzhou Higher Vocational Technical Institute of Tourism and Commerce.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/GT10JKLI05370F4Z.html|script-title=zh:白鹿是常州哪个初中?|date=6 January 2022|website=163.com|publisher=[[NetEase]]|language=zh|access-date=9 March 2025|archive-date=11 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111065928/https://www.163.com/dy/article/GT10JKLI05370F4Z.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni 2015, o ni daa naai, o daa pili tuma tum ti [[Taobao]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lu Bai |url=http://www.huanyutv.com/view-69-230.html |access-date=2023-04-16 |publisher=Huanyu Entertainment |location=Beijing |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416002740/http://www.huanyutv.com/view-69-230.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ars&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.ifeng.com/a/20190725/43468318_0.shtml|script-title=zh:《烈火军校》定档8月6日 白鹿代兄从军热血护国
|date=25 July 2019|website=iFeng|publisher=Phoenix New Media|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucky&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.163.com/19/0919/13/EPEKU984000380EN.html|script-title=zh:《世界欠我一个初恋》定档 邢昭林白鹿演绎糖醋初恋|date=19 September 2019|website=163.com|publisher=NetEase|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Filmography==
===Short films===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Chinese title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2015
| ''Meeting You is such a Good Thing''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|遇见你这么美好的事情}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=猫的树本人 |title=遇见你这么美好的事情。2016_哔哩哔哩_bilibili |url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19s411a7qD/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.bilibili.com |language=zh-hans}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=3 | 2016
| ''There are no Jokes in this World''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|世界上没有所谓的玩笑，玩笑都有认真的成分}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=世界上没有所谓的玩笑，所有的玩笑都有认真的成分。 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dW-HAZ4Rxac |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''This Winter, Have You Fell in Love?'' || {{lang|zh-Hans|这个冬天，你恋爱了吗}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=蜜桂芳米花糖|title=【微视频】【2015-12】这个冬天，你恋爱了吗？_哔哩哔哩_bilibili|url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1nx41117h1/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.bilibili.com |language=zh-hans}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''What Do You Expect of Me'' || {{lang|zh-Hans|你还要我怎样}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | {{cn|date=October 2023}}
|}

===Television series===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Chinese title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2017
| ''King is Not Easy''
| {{lang|zh|大王不容易}}
| Da Xi
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;king&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=23 August 2017|script-title=zh:《大王不容易》定档 张逸杰白鹿身份互换囧事多|trans-title=&quot;It's Not Easy for the King&quot; is set to be filmed, with Zhang Yijie and Bai Lu swapping identities|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2017-08-23/doc-ifykcppy0609745.shtml|website=[[Sina.com.cn]]|publisher=[[Sina Weibo]]|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2018
| ''[[Untouchable Lovers]]''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|凤囚凰}}
| Wang Xiao Qian / Han Xiao
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;ul&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=24 April 2018|script-title=zh:白鹿《凤囚凰》角色曝光 一人分饰两角引期待|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20170424/022723.htm#p=1|website=Qq.com|publisher=[[Tencent]]|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2019
| ''[[The Legends (TV series)|The Legends]]''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|招摇}}
| Lu Zhaoyao
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;legends&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=4 April 2019|script-title=zh:《招摇》燃情收官 白鹿首部大女主作品获好评|url=https://ent.ifeng.com/c/7lapWONmFeW|website=iFeng|publisher=Phoenix New Media|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2022
| ''[[Ordinary Greatness]]''
| 警察荣誉
| Xia Jie
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=电视剧《警察荣誉》定档5月28日 片警视角描绘生活百态_YNET.com北青网 |url=http://ent.ynet.com/2022/05/24/3471320t1254.html |date=24 May 2022 |website=ent.ynet.com }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2023
| ''Only For Love''
| {{lang|zh|以爱为营}}
| Zheng Shu Yi
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=网传白鹿王鹤棣《以爱为营》11月开机！不如期待他们待播的三部剧  |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/601371473_121128602 |date=31 October 2022|website=Sohu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | last=Riana |first=Kenny |title=10 Fakta Drama China Only For Love, Gaet Dylan Wang dan Bai Lu |date=27 January 2023|url=https://sumut.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/kenny-riana/10-fakta-drama-china-only-for-love-gaet-dylan-wang-dan-bai-lu |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=IDN Times |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2025
|''Northward''
| 北上
| Xia Fenghua
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2025 |title=电视剧《北上》登陆央视一套 原著作者徐则臣希望观众体会到“鲜活”的大运河 |url=https://www.xinhuanet.com/ent/20250304/ea26e617a0a54a78b26fb2856f8b8ad5/c.html |access-date=March 4, 2025 |language=zh-hans |website=Xinhua Net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Web series===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Chinese title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Notes
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2019
| ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]]''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|烈火军校}}
| Xie Xiang / Xie Liang Chen
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=ars /&gt;
|- 
| ''[[Lucky's First Love]]''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|世界欠我一个初恋}}
| Xing Yun
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=lucky /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2020
| ''[[Love Is Sweet]]''
| {{lang|zh-Hans|半是蜜糖半是伤}}
| Jiang Jun
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;sweet&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=21 November 2019|script-title=zh:《半是蜜糖半是伤》主演曝光 罗云熙白鹿诠释半糖暗恋|url=https://ent.163.com/19/1121/11/EUGKSI9T000380EN.html|website=163.com|publisher=NetEase|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Jiu Liu Overlord''
| {{lang|zh|九流霸主}}
| Long Aoyi
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;jiu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 April 2019 |script-title=zh:《九流霸主》曝剧照 白鹿赖艺男苏女撩花式撒糖 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/307903855_114731?sec=wd |website=Sohu |language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-  
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2021
| ''Song of Youth''
| {{lang|zh|玉楼春}}
| Lin Shaochun
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=《玉楼春》角色智勇双全 白鹿：情绪起伏不能太大 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/584048726_121380346?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.33.1667525842732H7xlf3B |date=11 September 2022 |website=Sohu |access-date=4 November 2022 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020250/https://www.sohu.com/a/584048726_121380346?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.33.1667525842732H7xlf3B |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-29 |title=Bai Lu on playing the lead in Song of Youth, new Chinese period drama |url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3142856/bai-lu-playing-song-youth-heroine-lin-shaochun-her-boyish |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[One and Only (TV series)|One and Only]]''
| {{lang|zh|周生如故}}
| Cui Shiyi
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= 周生如故：如何评论白鹿小姐姐的哭戏？有没有惊艳到你？ |url= https://www.sohu.com/a/602371816_121275767?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.1.16675264157436P8vzXA |date= 3 November 2022 |website= Sohu |access-date= 4 November 2022 |archive-date= 4 November 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020248/https://www.sohu.com/a/602371816_121275767?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.1.16675264157436P8vzXA |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Forever and Ever (TV series)|Forever and Ever]]''
| {{lang|zh|一生一世}}
| Shi Yi
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title= 任嘉伦与白鹿的转世情缘，《一生一世》在一起|url= https://www.sohu.com/a/588763905_121386628?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.4.1667526624874BRuPHCp|date= 28 September 2022|website= Sohu|access-date= 9 March 2025|archive-date= 4 November 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020251/https://www.sohu.com/a/588763905_121386628?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.4.1667526624874BRuPHCp|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-29 |title=Bai Lu on playing the lead in Song of Youth, new Chinese period drama |url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3142856/bai-lu-playing-song-youth-heroine-lin-shaochun-her-boyish |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  ''[[Ace Troops]]''
| {{lang|zh| 王牌部队}}
| Hu Yang
| Cameo (Ep.1, 13, 34) 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= 白鹿《王牌部队》爆红，肖战见到她就喊胡杨，白鹿的反应笑翻全场|url= https://www.sohu.com/a/584401733_121388634?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.1.1667526783559g9uLPxo |date= 12 September 2022 |website=Sohu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2023
| ''[[Till the End of the Moon]]''
| 长月烬明
| Li Su Su / Ye Xi Wu / Sang Jiu
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= 古装都好绝美-长月烬明之白鹿|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/568580113_121335863?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.2.1667526987952yQCLWmD |date= 17 July 2022|website=Sohu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[Story of Kunning Palace]]''
| 宁安如梦
| Jiang Xue Ning
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=《宁安如梦》公布主演阵容，白鹿、张凌赫CP感十足 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/569316057_121251016?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.14.1667527139491Zu984LR |date=19 July 2022 |website=Sohu |access-date=4 November 2022 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020249/https://www.sohu.com/a/569316057_121251016?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.14.1667527139491Zu984LR |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2025
| ''Moonlight Mystique''
| 白月梵星
| Bai Shuo / Xing Yue
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=January 3, 2025 |title=新剧｜白鹿、敖瑞鹏主演《白月梵星》定档1月7日 |trans-title=New Drama: ''Moonlight Mystique'' starring Bai Lu and Ao Ruipeng set for 7th January |url=https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_29836428 |access-date=January 3, 2025 |work=thepaper.cn |language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{TBA}}
| ''Lament of the River Immortal''
| {{lang|zh|临江仙}}
| Li Qing Yue / Hua Ru Yue
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= 《衡门有狐-临江仙》横店杀青 回望白鹿曾舜晞梦开始的地方 |url= https://m.sohu.com/a/800596862_532230 |date=14 August 2024 |website=Sohu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Qing Wu Feng Ming''
| {{lang|zh|唐宫奇案之青雾风鸣}}
| Li Peiyi
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2024 |title=#青雾风鸣白鹿临渊寻光海报# |url=https://weibo.com/7958648129/5096193099039100 |access-date=December 24, 2024 |website=Weibo |language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Television shows===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Chinese title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021
| ''[[Keep Running (TV series)|Keep Running]]''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(Yellow River 2)}}
| 奔跑吧黄河篇2
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Resident MC
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/550972189_121368767|title= 奔跑吧黄河篇2：白鹿官宣加盟！真实不做作的她令人期待|website=Sohu|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| ''Have Fun''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(Season 1, episode 9)}}
| [[:zh:嗨放派|嗨放派]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.zjstv.com/zcloud/video/9292528.html |title=嗨放派 第9期：实验上演&quot;大脑控制&quot;赛，嘉宾集体变身播音员 |year=2021 |access-date=5 May 2024 |publisher=[[Zhejiang Television]] |language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2022
| ''[[Keep Running (TV series)|Keep Running]]''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(Season 10)}}
| 奔跑吧10
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/545697905_121063306|title=baby、白鹿、周深、蔡徐坤《奔跑吧10》宣传片：我们一起，用跑的|website=Sohu|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| ''[[Keep Running (TV series)|Keep Running]]''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(Let's Build A Better Life)}}
| 奔跑吧共同富裕篇
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/603877389_121429488|title=《奔跑吧·共同富裕篇》即将迎来首播 七位常驻MC强势回归 精彩继续|website=Sohu|language=zh}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2023
| ''[[Keep Running (season 11)|Keep Running]]''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(Season 11)}}
| 奔跑吧11
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/657718401_121339595|title=《跑男11》官宣阵容！嘉宾暴露咖位，宋雨琦回归垫底，baby亮了 |website=Sohu|date=22 March 2023|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230417A0773600|title=看完&quot;先导片&quot;才发现，范丞丞确实比蔡徐坤更适合《跑男》|website=QQ|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://entlife.8world.com/e-news/li-chen-keep-running-2112671|title=李晨节目中脱口&quot;女生是累赘&quot;《奔跑吧》开播被狂骂|website=8world|date=22 April 2023|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=zh}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''1 million promises''
| 100万个约定
| Herself
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ent.tom.com/202311/1214205285.html |title=《100万个约定》之《宁安如梦》再掀高潮，宁安&quot;男团&quot;秀腹肌惊呆白鹿 |date=26 November 2023 |access-date=8 May 2024 |website=Tom.com |last=SouthYule |publisher=[[TOM Group]] |language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Music video appearances===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Chinese title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Artist
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Notes
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2016
| &quot;Message&quot;
| 留言
| Rover Lu
| 
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIWxWKqY8vg|title=陸虎-留言MV [Official Music Video]官方完整版MV（王櫟鑫、蘇醒友情出演） |website=YouTube|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2021
| &quot;Dance of the Youth&quot;
| {{lang|zh|青春舞曲}}
| 
| To commemorate the [[100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sunnews.cc/entertainment/424730.html|script-title=zh:白鹿重新演绎经典老歌《青春舞曲》，真的是妥妥的仙女一枚呀|date=23 September 2021|website=SunNews|language=zh|title=Sunnews.cc - sunnews Resources and Information}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Discography==
=== Singles ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Chinese title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Album
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2017
| &quot;Subordinate Takes Order&quot;
| {{lang|zh|小的听令}}
| ''King is Not Easy OST''
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.qq.com/a/20170825/074275.htm|script-title=zh:《大王不容易》曝主题曲MV 白鹿献唱声线清甜|date=25 August 2019|website=Tencent|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2018
| &quot;A Tale of Two Phoenixes&quot;
| {{lang|zh-Hans|凤囚凰}}
| ''[[Untouchable Lovers]] OST''
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.163.com/18/0110/10/D7PJNA6T000380EN.html|script-title=zh:《凤囚凰》主题曲发布 感情缱绻隐透剧情|date=10 January 2018|website=Netease|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2019
| &quot;Entering a Dream&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(with [[Xu Kai]])}}
| {{lang|zh|入梦}}
| ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]] OST''
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kulemi.com/content/446273/ |script-title=zh:白鹿、许凯合唱《烈火军校》插曲《入梦》上线|date=14 August 2019|website=Kulemi|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| &quot;Want To Be With You&quot;
| {{lang|zh|想和你一起}}\
| ''Lucky's First Love OST''
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.163.com/19/0923/14/EPP1RLTB000380EN.html|script-title=zh:《世界欠我一个初恋》曝片尾曲《想和你一起》mv 白鹿倾诉恋爱心声|date=23 September 2019|website=Netease|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021
| &quot;Heartbeat&quot;
| {{lang|zh-Hans| 心动}}
| ''[[Forever and Ever (TV series)|Forever and Ever]] OST''
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/489020322_121071684|script-title=zh: 甜宠新剧《一生一世》7大看点，任嘉伦，白鹿赶进度3集订婚|date=10 September 2021|website=Sohu|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| &quot;My Sugar&quot;
| 
| ''Bai Lu Debut 5th Year Anniversary Birthday Single''
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://inf.news/en/entertainment/4b4765332ae960352f9f33bc61389623.html|script-title=zh: Bailu &quot;My Sugar&quot; is online, have you heard this new song?|date=4 November 2022|website=iNEWS|language=zh}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2022
| &quot;Floating Universe&quot;
| {{lang|zh|漂浮宇宙}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{N/A|Non-album singles}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/H9U0H4RV0553CEL2.html|script-title=zh:白鹿发新歌《漂浮宇宙》，黄明昊在线互动，网友称：&quot;原地恋爱&quot;|date=15 June 2022|website=Netease|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/602115409_121392570?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.1.1668040255016IYszxB2|script-title=zh:青春女星白鹿晒新MV清纯迷人，与&quot;男友&quot;如胶似漆，温馨缠绵|date=2 November 2022|website=Sohu|language=zh}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| &quot;Did You See A Little Deer&quot;
| {{lang|zh|你有没有看见一只小鹿}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://k.sina.com.cn/article_5991816334_16523dc8e001012wpx.html|script-title=zh:白鹿生日单曲《你有没有看见一只小鹿》上线 与你共赴每一次浪漫|date=23 September 2022|website=Sina|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

==Pina mini piibu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Award
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ceremony
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nominated work
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Results
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2017
| 11th Tencent Video Star Awards
| Most Promising New Actress
| ''King is Not Easy''
| {{won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mnw.cn/news/ent/1894030.html|script-title=zh:2017腾讯视频星光大赏颁奖典礼回看视频地址+完整获奖名单|date=4 December 2017|website=ifeng|language=zh|access-date=9 March 2025|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106145326/http://www.mnw.cn/news/ent/1894030.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2018
| 7th iQIYI All-Star Carnival
| Newcomer Award
| ''[[Untouchable Lovers]]''
| {{won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;iqiyi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=3 December 2018|script-title=zh:白鹿出席爱奇艺尖叫之夜 闪光白裙灵气满分|url=http://wemedia.ifeng.com/91031697/wemedia.shtml|website=iFeng|publisher=[[Phoenix New Media]]|language=zh|access-date=9 March 2025|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106145313/http://wemedia.ifeng.com/91031697/wemedia.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2019
| 6th [[The Actors of China Awards|The Actors of China Award Ceremony]]
| Best Actress (Web series)
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]]''
| {{nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2019-10-16/doc-iicezuev2530102.shtml |script-title=zh:&quot;好演员&quot;候选名单：肖战李现赵丽颖杨紫等入围|date=16 October 2019|website=Sina|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| StarHub Night of Stars 2019 
| Most Promising Actress 
| {{won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/starhub-night-of-stars-2019-celebs-yoga-lin-and-kim-jae-wook-in-singapore|title=Kim Jae-wook and Park Min-young win top awards at StarHub Night of Stars 2019|date=28 November 2019|website=The Straits Times|access-date=9 March 2025|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127223326/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/starhub-night-of-stars-2019-celebs-yoga-lin-and-kim-jae-wook-in-singapore|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Golden Bud - The Fourth Network Film And Television Festival	 
| Best Actress
| ''[[The Legends (TV series)|The Legends]]'', ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]]'', ''Lucky's First Love'' 
| {{nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ent.ynet.com/2019/11/25/2225215t1254.html|script-title=zh:金骨朵网络影视盛典提名揭晓 王一博肖战杨紫等入围|date=25 November 2019|website=Ynet|language=zh|access-date=25 November 2019|archive-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524071515/https://pos.baidu.com/fcem?conwid=300&amp;conhei=80&amp;rdid=3083583&amp;dc=3&amp;exps=110261,110254,110011&amp;psi=23a16339ab169f1a5ac86156ae1948be&amp;di=u3083583&amp;dri=0&amp;dis=0&amp;dai=41&amp;ps=0x0&amp;enu=encoding&amp;ant=0&amp;aa=1&amp;dcb=___adblockplus_&amp;dtm=HTML_POST&amp;dvi=0.0&amp;dci=-1&amp;dpt=none&amp;tsr=0&amp;tpr=1621840471300&amp;ti=%E9%87%91%E9%AA%A8%E6%9C%B5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%BD%B1%E8%A7%86%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%B8%E6%8F%90%E5%90%8D%E6%8F%AD%E6%99%93%20%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%9A%E8%82%96%E6%88%98%E6%9D%A8%E7%B4%AB%E7%AD%89%E5%85%A5%E5%9B%B4_YNET.com%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%92%E7%BD%91&amp;ari=2&amp;ver=0517&amp;dbv=2&amp;drs=3&amp;pcs=1185x27606&amp;pss=1201x27606&amp;cfv=0&amp;cpl=3&amp;chi=50&amp;cce=true&amp;cec=UTF-8&amp;tlm=1574662292&amp;prot=2&amp;rw=1185&amp;ltu=http%3A%2F%2Fent.ynet.com%2F2019%2F11%2F25%2F2225215t1254.html&amp;ecd=1&amp;uc=1600x1000&amp;pis=-1x-1&amp;sr=1600x1000&amp;tcn=1621840512&amp;qn=1771fb2043dfb693&amp;tt=1621840512250.3.2234.2234|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 8th iQIYI All-Star Carnival
| Most Popular Actress
| ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]]''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bj.bendibao.com/news/2019126/267033.shtm|script-title=zh:2020爱奇艺尖叫之夜获奖名单一览|date=6 December 2019|website=Bendibao|language=zh|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230148/http://bj.bendibao.com/news/2019126/267033.shtm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Weibo TV Series Awards
| Top 10 Popular Actresses
| ''[[The Legends (TV series)|The Legends]]'', ''[[Arsenal Military Academy]]'', ''Lucky's First Love'' 
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dramapanda.com/2020/01/most-popular-actresses-actors.html?m=1|title=Most Popular Actresses, Actors, Characters and Dramas for the 2019 Weibo TV Series Awards|date=4 January 2020|website=Dramapanda}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Today Headline News Award
| New Female Star of The Year 
| {{NA}} 
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tech.caijing.com.cn/20200109/4637896.shtml|script-title=zh:2019今日头条年度盛典荣誉揭晓，头条创作者与明星同台领奖|date=9 January 2020|website=Caijing|language=zh|access-date=9 January 2020|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109085916/http://tech.caijing.com.cn/20200109/4637896.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2020
| 7th The Actors of China Award Ceremony
| Best Actress (Web series)
| {{NA}}
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cqcb.com/entertainment/2020-09-15/2992098_pc.html |script-title=zh:第七届&quot;中国电视好演员奖&quot;候选名单，易烊千玺马思纯等超百名演员入围|date=15 September 2020|website=Chongqing Chongbao|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
| 2021 iQIYI Scream Night
| Popular Actress of the Year
| ''[[Love Is Sweet]]''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 December 2020|title=爱奇艺尖叫之夜完整版得奖名单！尖叫男神王一博！尖叫女神THE9|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/FT6R0LHV05444SEI.html|url-status=live|website=NetEase|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607042138/https://www.163.com/dy/article/FT6R0LHV05444SEI.html |archive-date=7 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=3 | 2021
| 8th Wen Rong Awards
| Best Youth Actress
| ''[[Forever and Ever (TV series)|Forever and Ever]]''
| {{nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 October 2021|title=第八届文荣奖入围名单公布 贾玲吴磊刘浩存等获提|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/494805145_157635|url-status=live|website=Sohu|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016135715/https://www.sohu.com/a/494805145_157635 |archive-date=16 October 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| iQiYi Q Awards 2021
| Most Popular Actress
| ''[[One and Only (TV series)|One and Only]]''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 December 2021|title=Ms.Q Bai Lu|url=https://www.iq.com/play/q-awards-2021-11-16-1d2t56wmfck?lang=en_us|website=iQiYi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 34th [[Huading Awards]]
| Best Actress
| ''[[One and Only (TV series)|One and Only]]''
| {{nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 December 2021|title=32届华鼎奖提名出炉！王劲松唐国强入围十佳，侯京健榜上有名|url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20211202/20211202A0C6BR00.html|url-status=live|website=Tencent|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203113548/https://new.qq.com/omn/20211202/20211202A0C6BR00.html |archive-date=3 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2022
| 7th Global Diplomats' Chinese Culture Night
| Most Popular Young Actress
| {{NA}}
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bai Lu won the Most Popular Young Actress Award at the Global Diplomat China Culture Night|url=https://inf.news/en/entertainment/324463b5e6ece3934a3401065cfefe00.html|website=iNEWS|date=13 January 2022}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Golden Bud - The Sixth Network Film And Television Festival	 
| Most Popular Actress
| ''[[One and Only (TV series)|One and Only]]'', ''[[Forever and Ever (TV series)|Forever and Ever]]'', ''Song of Youth'', ''Ace Troops''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/561927257_120765881|script-title=zh:金骨朵网络影视盛典：恭喜白鹿、龚俊、白宇、宋佳、张晚意等获奖 |date=28 June 2022|website=Sohu|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Chinese American TV Festival - Golden Angel Awards	 
| Outstanding Actress of the Year
| ''[[Forever and Ever (TV series)|Forever and Ever]]''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/603784421_121282114?scm=1019.20001.0.0.0&amp;spm=smpc.csrpage.news-list.1.1668019750325As86Dsj|script-title=zh:百位明星亮相！第18届中美电影节特设亚裔杰出电影人奖 |date=8 November 2022|website=Sohu|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2023
| 2023 Weibo Night
| Most Paid Attention Artist 
|{{NA}}
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.poponote.com/note/65a1c69d3503d00007c17233|script-title=zh:2024微博之夜完整得獎名單出爐！王鶴棣&amp;白鹿合體拿最受矚目演員，楊紫三度奪「微博QUEEN」大獎！|date=13 January 2024|website=poponote|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Kundivihira==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Weibo|234720023|Bailu}}
*[https://www.iq.com/actor-info/bai-lu-236210805?lang=en_us Bai Lu on iQIYI]
*{{imdb name|8221470}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun na be o nyɛvuli ni]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>African diaspora</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="63693" sha1="9ptzfgzedu1ila0dovz63pq5yizcl07" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Spread of people with African heritage}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use American English|date= September 2017}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = African diaspora
| flag             = File:Flag of the UNIA.svg
| flag_caption     = Flag of [[Pan-Africanism]]
| image            = Map of the African Diaspora in the World.svg
| caption          = World map of African diaspora
| region1          = {{flagcountry|Brazil}}
| pop1             = [[Afro-Brazilians|20,656,458–112,739,744]] (2022){{efn|In the [[2022 Brazilian census]], 20,656,458 Brazilians self-identified as ''preto'' (black), while 92,083,286 identified as ''pardo'' (brown), a category that designates individuals of mixed racial ancestry. There is debate over whether all ''pardos'' have African ancestry. While some pardos may have mixed heritage without African descent, this is considered marginal as the majority have some degree of African ancestry.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reiter |first=Bernd |url=https://books.google.com.br/books?id=idyIEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT275&amp;dq=#v=|title=Routledge Handbook of Afro-Latin American Studies |last2=Sánchez |first2=John Antón |date=2022-11-08 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-1-000-68546-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afro-Brazilians |url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/afro-brazilians/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Minority Rights Group International |quote=&lt;small&gt;An estimated 91 million Brazilians are of African ancestry, according to the 2010 census, which found that more than half (50.7 per cent) of the Brazilian population now identified as preto (black) or pardo (mixed ethnicity).&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maioria da população do Brasil se declara parda |url=https://www.ufrn.br/imprensa/noticias/77639/maioria-da-populacao-do-brasil-se-declara-parda |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |quote=&lt;small&gt;(Translated) The figures show that 45.3% of the population of the country declared themselves brown; 43.5% declared themselves white, 10.2% black, 0.8% indigenous and 0.4% yellow. In the sum, 56.7% of Brazilians are non-white, of these, 55.5% are afrodescendant.&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ref1             =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos |url=https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/9605#resultado |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=sidra.ibge.gov.br}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afro-Brazilians |url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/afro-brazilians/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Minority Rights Group International |quote=&lt;small&gt;An estimated 91 million Brazilians are of African ancestry, according to the 2010 census, which found that more than half (50.7 per cent) of the Brazilian population now identified as preto (black) or pardo (mixed ethnicity).&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maioria da população do Brasil se declara parda |url=https://www.ufrn.br/imprensa/noticias/77639/maioria-da-populacao-do-brasil-se-declara-parda |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |quote=&lt;small&gt;(Translated) The figures show that 45.3% of the population of the country declared themselves brown; 43.5% declared themselves white, 10.2% black, 0.8% indigenous and 0.4% yellow. In the sum, 56.7% of Brazilians are non-white, of these, 55.5% are afrodescendant.&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region2          = {{flagcountry|United  States}}
| pop2             = [[African Americans|41,104,200–46,936,733]] (2020)
| ref2             = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |date=August 12, 2021 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region3          = {{flagcountry|Colombia}}
| pop3             = [[Afro-Colombians|4,671,160–10,500,000]] (2018)
| ref3             = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= visibilización estadística de los gruposétnicos|url=https://geoportal.dane.gov.co/geovisores/sociedad/cnpv-2018/?lt=4.456007353293281&amp;lg=-73.2781601239999&amp;z=5|work=Censo General 2018|publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE)|access-date=10 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = {{flagcountry|Haiti}}
| pop4             = [[Afro-Haitians|10,114,378]]
| ref4             = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/|title=Haiti: People and society: Population|work=[[The World Factbook]]|date=July 2017|access-date=May 25, 2025|archive-date=January 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155536/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region5          = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop5             = [[Black French people|5,000,000]] (2009)
| ref5             = &lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html|first=Bruce|last=Crumley|title=Should France Count Its Minority Population?|magazine=Time|date=March 24, 2009|accessdate=October 11, 2014|archive-date=August 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808014355/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region6          = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop6             = [[Afro-Saudis|3,600,000]]
| ref6             = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Saudi-Arabia| access-date=25 March 2017 |year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region7          = {{flagcountry|Yemen}}
| pop7             = [[Afro-Yemenis (disambiguation)|3,500,000]]
| ref7             = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 29, 2014|title=Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression – CNN iReport|url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084527/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|archive-date=November 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region8          = {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
| pop8             = [[Afro-Mexicans|2,576,213]] (2020)
| ref8             = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/702825198060.pdf|language=es|title=Principales resultados del Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020|website=inegi.org.mx|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-date=April 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420074127/https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/702825198060.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region9         = {{flagcountry|Jamaica}}
| pop9            = [[Afro-Jamaicans|2,510,000]]
| ref9            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jamaica – People|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamaica|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region10         = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| pop10            = [[Black British people|2,485,724]] (2021)
| ref10            = &lt;ref name=2021censusUK&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|title= 2021 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom|publisher= Office for National Statistics|date= November 11, 2022|access-date= February 28, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region11         = {{flagcountry|Iraq}}
| pop11            = [[Afro-Iraqis|2,000,000]]
| ref11            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a53600d7.html | title=Refworld &amp;#124; World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iraq : Black Iraqis }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region12          = {{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}}
| pop12             = [[Afro-Dominicans|1,704,000]] (2017)&lt;br&gt;[[Mulatto|8,000,000]](Mixed)
| ref12             = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The ethnicity of the Dominican population |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Dominican-Republic/Settlement-patterns#ref54434}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Ethnic groups of the Dominican Republic|date=April 25, 2017|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-of-the-dominican-republic.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region13         = {{flagcountry|Panama}}
| pop13            = [[Afro-Panamanians|1,258,915]] (2023)
| ref13            = &lt;ref name=Panama&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/panam%C3%A1-censo_el-32-8---de-la-poblaci%C3%B3n-de-panam%C3%A1-se-reconoce-como-afrodescendiente/48328376 |title=El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente|date=March 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region14         = {{flagcountry|Spain}}
| pop14            = [[Afro-Spaniards|1,206,701]]{{efn|79% being North African}}
| ref14            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Población extranjera por país de nacionalidad, edad (grupos quinquenales) y sexo|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691|access-date=December 17, 2022|archive-date=October 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025102106/https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region15         = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| pop15            = [[Black Canadians|1,547,870]]
| ref15            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Government of Canada |first1=Statistics Canada |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;DGUIDList=2021A000011124&amp;GENDERList=1,2,3&amp;STATISTICList=1&amp;HEADERList=0&amp;SearchText=Canada |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |access-date=6 November 2017 |date=9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region16         = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
| pop16            = [[African emigrants to Italy|1,140,000]]{{efn|60% being North African}}
| ref16            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.neodemos.info/2019/11/12/africani-ditalia/ |title=Africani d'Italia |website=Neodemos |date=November 12, 2019 |author=Fabrizio Ciocca |language=Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region17         = {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| pop17            = [[Afro-Venezuelans|1,087,427]] (2011)
| ref17            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 2014|title=XIV Censo National de Poblacion y Vivienda|url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-date=August 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805193838/http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region18         = {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| pop18            = [[Afro-Cubans|1,034,044]]
| ref18            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Población por sexo y zona de residencia según grupos de edades y color de la piel|url=http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603230454/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-date=June 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region19         = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop19            = [[Afro-Germans|1,000,000]]
| ref19            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?|url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html|quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande.|trans-quote=About one million black people are living in this country according to ISD.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region20         = {{flagcountry|Peru}}
| pop20            = [[Black Peruvians|828,894]] (2017)
| ref20            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1642/cap03_03.pdf|title=La Autoidentificación Étnica: Población Indígena y Afroperuana.| page = 123|language=es|date=2018|access-date=January 16, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region21         = {{flagcountry|Oman}}
| pop21            = [[Afro-Arabs|750,000]]
| ref21            = 
| region22         = {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
| pop22            = [[Afro-Ecuadorians|569,212]] (2022)&lt;br&gt;[[Mulatto|245,256]] (Mixed)
| ref22            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|date=September 2, 2011|title=Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/2011/09/02/1/1356/poblacion-pais-joven-mestiza-dice-censo-inec.html|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=El Universo|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region23         = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
| pop23            = [[Afro-Dutch people|507,000]]
| ref23            = 
| region24         = {{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| pop24            = [[Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians|452,536]]
| ref24            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|title= Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Population and Housing Census: Demographic Report|page= 94|publisher= Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Central Statistical Office|year= 2012|access-date= August 20, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211618/https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|archive-date= October 19, 2017|url-status=dead|df= mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region25         = {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
| pop25            = [[Black Belgians|358,268]] (2023)
| ref25            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Origin {{!}} Statbel |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population/origin#figures |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=statbel.fgov.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region26         = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| pop26            = [[African Australians|326,673]] (2021)
| ref26            = &lt;ref name=&quot;censusdata.abs.gov.au&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_ERP_COB_MAG_SEXRATIO#|title=ABS Statistics|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|date=November 25, 2021|access-date=April 22, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728212457/http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_ERP_COB_MAG_SEXRATIO|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region27         = {{flagcountry|Portugal}}
| pop27            = [[Afro-Portuguese people|967,899]]
| ref27            = {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| region28         = {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
| pop28            = [[Afro-Argentines|302,936]] (2022)
| ref28            = &lt;ref name='Censo 2022'&gt;{{cite news |access-date=8 March 2024 |agency=INDEC |title=Censo 2022 |url=https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-2-41-165}}&lt;!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| region29         = {{flagcountry|Barbados}}
| pop29            = [[Afro-Barbadians|270,853]]
| ref29            = &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ Barbados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123091149/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ |date=January 23, 2021 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| region30         = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| pop30            = [[African immigrants to Sweden|250,881]] (2022)
| ref30            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/?rxid=b83e5bbd-958a-4655-aa40-486ba2ca09a3 |title=Foreign-born by county, municipality, sex and country of birth 31 December 2022 |website=www.scb.se |publisher=Statistics Sweden}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region31         = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
| pop31            = [[Siddi|250,000]]
| ref31            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=August 26, 2018|title=Smokers' corner: Sindh's African roots|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1428950|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region32         = {{flagcountry|Puerto Rico}}
| pop32            = [[Afro–Puerto Ricans|228,711]]
| ref32            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html | title=Puerto Rico Population Declined 11.8% from 2010 to 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region33         = {{flagcountry|Guyana}}
| pop33            = [[Afro-Guyanese|225,860]]
| ref33            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 23, 2017 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region34         = {{flagcountry|Suriname}}
| pop34            = [[Afro-Surinamese|200,406]]
| ref34            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |title= Censusstatistieken 2012 |website= Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname) |page= 76 |access-date= October 23, 2017 |archive-date= March 5, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071544/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format= XLS|url= http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|title= Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010|trans-title= Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010|language= es|website= [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193258/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|archive-date= October 29, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format= XLS|url= http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|title= Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010|trans-title= Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010|language= es|website= [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140418145946/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|archive-date= April 18, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region35         = {{flagcountry|Chile}}
| pop35            = [[Afro-Chileans|195,809]] (2017){{efn|Including [[Haitian Chileans|Haitian]] immigrants}}
| ref35            = &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=November 2018 |periodical=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas |title=Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017 |url=https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/presentations/03_magdalena_iraguen_ine_chile.pdf}}&lt;!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2018/04/09/901867/Extranjeros-en-Chile-superan-el-millon-110-mil-y-el-72-se-concentra-en-dos-regiones-Antofagasta-y-Metropolitana.html|title=Extranjeros en Chile superan el millón 110 mil y el 72% se concentra en dos regiones: Antofagasta y Metropolitana|publisher=El Mercurio|date=9 April 2018|access-date=23 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region36         = {{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
| pop36            = [[Afro-Uruguayans|149,689]] (2011)
| ref36            = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2021 |title=La población afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011 |url=https://www.ine.gub.uy/documents/10181/34017/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf/ec7ecb3f-ca0a-4071-b05f-28fdc20c94e2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307090250/https://www.ine.gub.uy/documents/10181/34017/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf/ec7ecb3f-ca0a-4071-b05f-28fdc20c94e2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2021 |language=es}} [https://www.ine.gub.uy/documents/10181/34017/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf/ec7ecb3f-ca0a-4071-b05f-28fdc20c94e2 Alt URL]&lt;/ref&gt;
| region37         = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
| pop37            = [[African immigration to Norway|149,502]] (2023)
| ref37            = &lt;ref name=&quot;Statnorpim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef |title=Statistics Norway - Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 6 March 2023 |access-date=2024-01-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region38         = {{flagcountry|Grenada}}
| pop38            = [[Afro-Grenadians|108,700]]
| ref38            = &lt;ref name=&quot;cia.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |title= Grenada |website= The World Factbook |publisher= Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |access-date= May 3, 2021 |archive-date= August 11, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220811231159/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region39         = {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| pop39            = [[Afro-Turks|100,000]]
| ref39            = &lt;ref name=&quot;trthaber.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=İstanbul'da yaşayan Afrikalıların sayısı 70 bine yakın. Ten renklerinden ötürü ötekileştirilmiyor olmak onları Türkiye'ye bağlıyor.|url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/yasam/esenyurtun-afrikali-gocmenleri-538129.html|url-status=live|access-date=October 26, 2021|website=www.trthaber.com|date=December 13, 2020 |language=tr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213134049/https://www.trthaber.com/haber/yasam/esenyurtun-afrikali-gocmenleri-538129.html |archive-date=December 13, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region40         = {{flagcountry|Finland}}
| pop40            = [[African diaspora in Finland|70,592]] (2023)
| ref40            = &lt;ref name=&quot;finland-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/ |title=11rv -- Origin and background country by sex, by municipality, 1990-2023 |website=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=September 29, 2024 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007212017/https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/ |url-status=dead }}{{br|2}}Note:{{br|2}}{{cite web |url=https://stat.fi/meta/kas/syntypera_ja_ta_en.html |title=Origin and background country |website=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=September 29, 2024 |quote=Origin and background country&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;All such persons who have at least one parent who was born in Finland are also considered to be persons with Finnish background.&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;Persons whose both parents or the only known parent have been born abroad are considered to be persons with foreign background.&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;If either parent's country of birth is unknown, the background country for persons born abroad is their own country of birth.&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;For children adopted from abroad, the adoptive parents are regarded as the biological parents. }}{{br|2}}I.e., according to [[Statistics Finland]], people in Finland:&lt;br /&gt;{{•}} whose both parents are African-born,&lt;br /&gt;{{•}} or whose only known parent was born in Africa,&lt;br /&gt;{{•}} or who were born in Africa and whose parents' countries of birth are unknown.{{br|2}}Thus, for example, people with one Finnish parent and one African parent or people with more distant African ancestry are not included in this country-based non-ethnic figure.&lt;br /&gt;Also, African-born adoptees' backgrounds are determined by their adoptive parents, not by their biological parents.&lt;/ref&gt;
| region41         = {{flagcountry|Jordan}}
| pop41            = [[Afro-Arabs|60,000]]
| ref41            = &lt;ref&gt;http://www.africanviews.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=105 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724014025/http://www.africanviews.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=105 |date=July 24, 2014 }} Jordan&lt;/ref&gt;
| region42         = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
| pop42            = [[Afro-Russians|50,000]]
| ref42            = &lt;ref&gt;Gribanova, Lyubov [http://www.nashi-deti.ru/articles/15/ &quot;Дети-метисы в России: свои среди чужих&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104180141/http://www.nashi-deti.ru/articles/15/|date=November 4, 2008}} (in Russian). Nashi Deti Project. Retrieved February 25, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; (est. 2009)
| region43         = {{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
| pop43            = [[Afro-Costa Ricans|45,228]] (2018)&lt;br&gt;[[Mulatto|289,209]] (Mixed)
| ref43            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Costa Rica: Población total por autoidentificación étnica-racial, según provincia y sexo. (Spanish)|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/social/grupos-etnicos-raciales|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Costa Rica)|access-date=2016-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region44         = {{flagcountry|Guatemala}}
| pop44            = [[Afro-Guatemalans|27,647]] (2018)&lt;br&gt;[[Garifuna|19,529]] (Mixed)
| ref44            = &lt;ref name=&quot;censopoblacion.gt&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.censopoblacion.gt/mapas |title=Portal de Resultados del Censo 2018 |publisher=Censopoblacion.gt |date= |accessdate=2022-04-14 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217015625/https://www.censopoblacion.gt/mapas |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region45         = {{flagcountry|India}}
| pop45            = [[Siddi|19,514]] (2011)
| ref45            = &lt;ref name=Census2011&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|access-date=2017-03-24|work=Census of India 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region46         = {{flagcountry|Paraguay}}
| pop46            = [[Afro-Paraguayans|8,013]] (2022)
| ref46            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://otramerica.com/comunidades/afroparaguayos-condenados-a-no-existir/720 | title=Afroparaguayos, condenados a no existir }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages        = [[North American English|English]] ([[African American English|American]], [[Caribbean English|Caribbean]]), [[American French|French]] ([[Canadian French|Canadian]], [[Haitian French|Haitian]]), [[Haitian Creole]], [[Spanish language in the Americas|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language in the Americas|Portuguese]], [[Papiamento]], [[Surinamese Dutch|Dutch]], [[Palenquero]] and [[Languages of Africa|African languages]]
| rels             = [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Traditional African religions]], [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]
| related_groups   = [[Demographics of Africa|Africans]]
}}

'''African diaspora''' ŋɔ nyɛla dunia zaa dabba ban nyɛ gbaŋsabila ni be tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Diaspora {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/human-evolution/african-diaspora |access-date=May 23, 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala yuli ŋɔ nyɛla din zani n-ti bilichininima zaŋ n-ti  [[West Africa|West]] mini [[Central Africa]]ns dabba shɛba bɛ ni daa gbahi labisi ka di nyɛ [[Atlantic slave trade]] bin din gbaai 16th zaŋ hali ni 19th centuries, ka bɛ kalinli nyɛ din galisi [[Brazil]],  [[United States]], [[Colombia]], n-ti pahi [[Haiti]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Uiscftdgha&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = General History of Africa | isbn = 978-0-520-06701-1 | last1 = Ade Ajayi | first1 = J. F. | last2 = International Scientific Committee For The Drafting Of a General History Of Africa | first2 = Unesco | date = July 1, 1998 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/unescogeneralhis00jfad/page/305 305–15] | title-link = General History of Africa | publisher = University of California Press }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=VC7kKcXdDhkC&amp;pg=PA305 via Google Books]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;warren&quot; /&gt; Lala yuli ŋɔ gba nyɛla din ni tooi zani n-ti gbansabila bilichininima ban yi labi tiŋgbani shɛŋa dabam dunia ŋɔ ni. Baŋdiba nyɛla ban pu lala chani ŋɔ bunahi zuɣu zaŋ n-ti gbaŋsabila tiŋgbana.&lt;ref&gt;Harris, J. E. (1993). &quot;Introduction&quot; In J. E. Harris (ed.), ''Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora'', pp. 8–9.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yɛltɔɣili din nyɛ ''African diaspora'' nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli bolibu bee zaŋ tum tuma 21st century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Books Ngram Viewer|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=African+diaspora&amp;year_start=1750&amp;year_end=1989&amp;corpus=15&amp;smoothing=3&amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2CAfrican%20diaspora%3B%2Cc0t1|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=books.google.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yɛltɔɣili din nyɛ &quot;''diaspora&quot; nyɛla din yina'' Greek {{Wikt-lang|el|διασπορά}} (''diaspora'', &quot;scattering&quot;) ka di Silimiinsili nya naba zani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ nya di kundivihirili [[Jewish diaspora]] pɔi ka bɛ naayi piligi di zaŋ tum tuma luɣ'shɛŋa din pahi ni.&lt;ref&gt;In an article published in 1991, [[William Safran]] set out six rules to distinguish &quot;diasporas&quot; from general migrant communities. While Safran's definitions were influenced by the idea of the [[Jewish diaspora]], he recognised the expanding use of the term. [[Rogers Brubaker]] (2005) also noted that use of the term &quot;diaspora&quot; had started to take on an increasingly general sense. He suggests that one element of this expansion in use &quot;involves the application of the term diaspora to an ever-broadening set of cases: essentially to any and every nameable population category that is to some extent dispersed in space&quot;. An early example of the use of &quot;African diaspora&quot; appears in the title of Sidney Lemelle, Robin D. G. Kelley, ''Imagining Home: Class, Culture and Nationalism in the African Diaspora '' (1994).&lt;/ref&gt; Saha ŋɔ, lala yɛltɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni tooi mali shɛli tumdi tuma &quot;scholarship&quot; ni ka di gbunni nyɛ ninvuɣ shɛba ban yi gbaŋsabila tiŋgbana ni kpɛ gbaŋpiɛlla tiŋgbani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Akyeampong | first1 = E. | year = 2000 | title = Africans in the Diaspora: The Diaspora and Africans |journal = African Affairs | volume = 99 | issue = 395 | pages = 183–215 | doi = 10.1093/afraf/99.395.183 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[African Union]] (AU) nyɛla ban yɛlli ni African diaspora nyɛla bilichininima zaŋ n-ti gbaŋsabila bee ban tabi gbaŋsabila nyɛ ban yi bɛ tiŋgbana ni labi gbaŋpiɛlla tiŋgbana ni ka nyɛ ban mali niya ni bɛ sɔŋ lala tiŋgbani maa tooni chandi mini African Uniontabi sɔŋ .&lt;ref name=&quot;AU definition&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Diaspora Division {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/diaspora-division |access-date=May 23, 2022 |website=au.int |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714200154/https://au.int/en/diaspora-division |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIDO&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://pages.au.int/cido/pages/diaspora-division
 | title = The Diaspora Division
 | website = Statement | publisher = The Citizens and Diaspora Organizations Directorate (CIDO)
 | access-date = January 7, 2016
| url-status=dead
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151201073646/http://pages.au.int/cido/pages/diaspora-division
 | archive-date = December 1, 2015 |df = mdy-all
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
[[File:African Diaspora.jpg|thumb|18th-century painting showing a family of Africans]]

=== Dispersal through slave trade ===
Gbaŋsabila pam nyɛla ban be [[North America]], [[South America]], [[Europe]], ni [[Asia]] saha shɛli [[Atlantic slave trade|Atlantic]], [[Trans-Saharan slave trade|Trans-Saharan]], [[Red Sea slave trade|Red Sea]] n-ti pahi [[Indian Ocean slave trade|Indian Ocean]] dabba daabiligu ni daa be ni.

Aithiopian dabba nyɛla ban daa tooi tumdi yiŋ tuma mini diɛma tuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Slavery in Antiquity |date=September 29, 2017 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203787946-2 |work=Jews and the American Slave Trade |pages=17–32 |access-date=June 27, 2023 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780203787946-2 |isbn=978-0-203-78794-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dispersal through voluntary migration ===
{{Further|Emigration from Africa}}
Tum Spanish dabba gbahibu kpɛhi America, gbaŋsabila nyɛla ban tooi kpɛri gbaŋpiɛlla tiŋgbana ŋɔ ni bɛ suhi yurilim mini yaa zaŋ gbahi ba kpɛhi ka bɛ nyɛ dabba.&lt;ref name=&quot;warren&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title = The Conquest of Michoacán |isbn = 978-0-8061-1858-1 |first = J. Benedict |last = Warren |publisher = [[University of Oklahoma Press]] |year = 1985 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first = James |last = Krippner-Martínez |title = The Politics of Conquest: An Interpretation of the Relación de Michoacán |journal = The Americas |volume = 47 |issue = 2 |date = October 1990 |pages = 177–97 |doi = 10.2307/1007371 |jstor = 1007371 |s2cid = 146963730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Juan Garrido]] daa nyɛla African [[conquistador]]. O nyɛla ŋun daa gari Atlantic yuuni 1510s ka nyɛ ŋun daa be [[siege of Tenochtitlan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title = Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience |author1 = Kwame Anthony Appiah |author-link = Kwame Anthony Appiah |author2 = Henry Louis Gates |author2-link = Henry Louis Gates |page = 327 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gbaŋsabila nyɛla ban daa pun be  Asia mini Europe saha waɣala pɔi ka Columbus's chandi daa naayi piligi. 20th century naabu ni, gbaŋsabila nyɛla ban piligi Europe kpɛbu ka bɛ kalinli nyɛ din daa kuli pahiri America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Defining and Studying the Modern African Diaspora {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/september-1998/defining-and-studying-the-modern-african-diaspora |access-date=May 22, 2022 |website=www.historians.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:The Negro in literature and art in the United States (1918) (14576607030).jpg|alt=Du Bois looking to the camera|thumb|20th-century American philosopher and sociologist [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] wrote extensively on the black experience in his homeland and abroad; he spent the last two years of his life in the newly independent [[Ghana]] and got citizenship there.]]
== Populations and estimated distribution ==
African diaspora kalinli nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ:
* [[African Americans]], [[Afro-Caribbeans]], [[Afro-Latin Americans]], [[Black Canadians]] –dabba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa tooi yirina  [[West Africa|West]] mini [[Central Africa]]ns ka bɛ daa leei tooi zaŋdi ba na [[United States]],  [[Caribbean]], [[Central America]] n-ti pahi [[South America]] saha shɛli [[Atlantic slave trade]] ni daa be ni.
* [[Afro-Arabs]] ([[Afro-Saudis]], [[Afro-Omanis]], [[Afro-Syrians]], [[Afro-Palestinians]], [[Afro-Iraqis]], [[Afro-Jordanians]], .), [[Afro-Iranians]], [[Afro-Turks]] – bilichininima zaŋ  n-ti [[Zanj]] dabba nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛba na [[Near East]] mini Asia yaɣa shɛŋa saha shɛli  [[Indian Ocean slave trade]] ni daa be ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&amp;contentId=A6645-2004Jan10&amp;notFound=true |title =A Legacy Hidden in Plain Sight|newspaper =The Washington Post|date=January 11, 2004|first = Theola |last =Labbż |url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514025929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&amp;contentId=A6645-2004Jan10&amp;notFound=true|archive-date = May 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Siddi]]s – bilichininima zaŋ n-ti [[Zanj]] dabba nyɛla nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛba na [[Indian subcontinent]] ([[Pakistan]] mini [[India]]). ka bɛ lahi booni li Makrani din be [[Pakistan]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;
! Continent or region
! Country population
! Afro-descendants
! &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html |title = The World Factbook&gt; |publisher = cia.gov |access-date = February 22, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110220105711/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html |archive-date = February 20, 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; African and African-mixed population
|-  style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
! [[Caribbean]]  || 41,309,327 || 67% || 27,654,061
|-
|  {{flagu|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}  || 39,619 || 98% || 38,827
|-
|  {{flagu|Dominica}} || 71,293 || 96% (87% African + 9% Mixed) || 61,882 + 9,411
|-
|  {{flagu|Haiti}} || 10,646,714 || 95% || 10,114,378 
|-
|  {{flagu|Antigua and Barbuda}}  || 78,000 || 95% ||  63,000
|-
|  {{flagu|Jamaica}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/ Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023238/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica |date=January 11, 2021 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2,812,090 || 92.1% || 2,663,614 
|-
|  {{flagu|Grenada}}|| 110,000 || 91% || 101,309
|-
|  {{flagu|The Bahamas}} || 332,634 || 90.6% (African + British mixed)|| 301,366
|-
|  {{flagu|Barbados}} || 281,968 || 90% || 253,771
|-
|  {{flagu|Netherlands Antilles}}|| 225,369 || 85% || 191,564
|-
|  {{flagu|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}  || 118,432 || 85% ||  100,667
|-
|  {{flagu|British Virgin Islands}} || 24,004 || 83% || 19,923
|-
|  {{flagu|Saint Lucia}}  || 172,884 || 83% || 142,629
|-
|  {{flagu|Dominican Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/23.htm |website = Countrystudies.us |publisher= U.S. Library of Congress |title = Dominican Republic: Racial and Ethnic Groups }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Inter-American Dialogue&quot;&gt;http://www.informaworld.com/index/902542287.pdf Inter-American Dialogue {{Dead link|date=April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| 10,090,000 || 83% (11% Afro, 72% Mixed) || 1,109,900 + 8,000,000
|-
|  {{flagu|US Virgin Islands}} || 108,210 || 80% || 86,243
|-
|  {{flagu|Bermuda}}  || 66,536 || 61% || 40,720
|-
|  {{flagu|Cayman Islands}}  || 47,862 || 60% || 28,717
|-
|  {{flagu|Cuba}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ Cuba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170744/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ |date=August 12, 2021 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt;|| 11,116,396 || 35% || 3,890,738
|-
|  {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/trinidad-and-tobago/ Trinidad and Tobago] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063840/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/trinidad-and-tobago |date=January 9, 2021 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt;|| 1,215,527 || 34.2%    ||  415,710
|-
|  {{flagu|Puerto Rico}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html |title=Puerto Rico: 2020 Census |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 7, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 3,285,874 || 17.5% (African + Taino mixed)|| 558,598
|-  style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
! [[South America]] || 388,570,461 || N/A || N/A
|-
| {{flagu|French Guiana}} || 199,509 || 66% || 131,676
|-
|  {{flagu|Suriname}}  || 632,638 || 37% || 223,718
|-
|  {{flagu|Guyana}}  || 770,794 || 36% || 277,486
|-
|  {{flagu|Colombia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica|title = Colombia una nación multicultural: su diversidad étnica|language = es|website = dane.gov.co|access-date = November 6, 2021|archive-date = April 8, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200408132304/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;||  53,093,632 || 10.6–25% (10% African, 15% Mulattoes, Mixed and other groups) || 7,800,000–13,000,000; &lt;small&gt;Some studies (from the United Nations) suggests that the percentage of Afro-Colombians (including mixed race groups) are around 25% or lower than the entire population in Colombia.  The city of [[Quibdo]], ([[Chocó department|Chocó]]){{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} has the highest percentage of Afro-Colombians than any other city in the country with 95.3% of its residents. The Colombian government estimates that 10.6% of Colombia's population are entirely of African descent.&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| {{flagu|Brazil}}  || 213,650,000 || 55.5% || 117,983,981&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maioria da população do Brasil se declara parda |url=https://www.ufrn.br/imprensa/noticias/77639/maioria-da-populacao-do-brasil-se-declara-parda |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |quote=&lt;small&gt;(Translated) The figures show that 45.3% of the population of the country declared themselves brown; 43.5% declared themselves white, 10.2% black, 0.8% indigenous and 0.4% yellow. In the sum, 56.7% of Brazilians are non-white, of these, 55.5% are afrodescendant.&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  {{flagu|Ecuador}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.inec.gov.ec/cpv_indigenas/cpv_in_g07.htm|title = Población Ecuatoriana Por Autodefinición Étnica en El VI Censo de Población del Año |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208150541/http://www.inec.gov.ec/cpv_indigenas/cpv_in_g07.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2008|website = INEC|language = es }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| 13,927,650 || 5% || 680,000
|-
|  {{flagu|Uruguay}}  || 3,494,382 || 4% || 255,074
|-
|  {{flagu|Venezuela}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ine.gov.ve&quot;&gt;[http://www.ine.gov.ve/CENSO2011/documentos/pdf/ResultadosBasicosCenso2011.pdf Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203105548/http://www.ine.gov.ve/CENSO2011/documentos/pdf/ResultadosBasicosCenso2011.pdf |date=December 3, 2017 }}, (p. 14).&lt;/ref&gt;  ||  27,227,930 || 3% (African) || 1,087,427
|-
|  {{flagu|Peru}}  || 29,496,000 || 3% || 828,841
|-
|  {{flagu|Chile}}  || 17,094,270 || 1% || 170,943*
|-
|  {{flagu|Argentina}}  || 46,044,703 || &lt;1% || 302,936 
|-
|  {{flagu|Bolivia}}  || 10,027,254 || &lt;1% || 23,330	
|-
|  {{flagu|Paraguay}}  || 6,109,903 || &lt;1% || 8,013
|-  style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
! [[North America]] || 450,545,368 || 10% || 42,907,538
|-
|  {{flagu|United States}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |title = CIA – The World Factbook – United States |publisher = Cia.gov |access-date = February 22, 2011 |archive-date = December 12, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211212224932/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || 328,745,538 || 12% || 42,020,743 &lt;small&gt;According to the genomics company 23andMe, less than 4% of White Americans have 1% or more of African ancestry.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-18 |title=Ancestry Across the United States |url=https://blog.23andme.com/articles/history-written-in-our-dna |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=23andMe Blog |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;Including this figure changes the total to '''49,241,508'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|  {{flagu|Canada}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo52a.htm |title = Visible minority population, by province and territory (2001 Census) |publisher = 0.statcan.ca |date = September 11, 2009 |access-date = February 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080916102016/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo52a.htm |archive-date = September 16, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  || 39,566,248|| 4% || 1,547,870
|-
| {{flagu|Mexico}}  || 108,700,891    || 1% || 1,386,556&lt;ref name=&quot;Encuesta Intercensal 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015 Estados Unidos Mexicanos | url = http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/proyectos/enchogares/especiales/intercensal/2015/doc/eic2015_resultados.pdf | publisher = [[INEGI]] | access-date = December 9, 2015 | pages = 77 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170422033628/http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/proyectos/enchogares/especiales/intercensal/2015/doc/eic2015_resultados.pdf | archive-date = April 22, 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-  style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
! [[Central America]] || 41,283,652   || 4% || 1,453,761
|-
|  {{flagu|Belize}} || 301,270 || 31% || 93,394
|-
|  {{flagu|Panama}}  || 3,292,693 || 11% || 362,196
|-
| {{flagu|Nicaragua}} || 5,785,846 || 9% || 520,726
|-
|  {{flagu|Costa Rica}}  || 4,195,914 || 3% || 125,877
|-
|  {{flagu|Honduras}}  || 7,639,327 || 2% || 152,787
|-
|-  style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
! [[Europe]] || 738,856,462   ||  1% || &lt; 8,000,000
|-
|  {{flagu|France}}&lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://paceebene.org/pace/nvns/nonviolence-news-service-archive/in-officially-colorblind-f |title=|access-date = March 7, 2007 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/6797730|title=Demographic report 2022|website=[[INSEE]]|author=Sylvain Papon}}&lt;/ref&gt;  || 68,000,000 || 8% || Approximately 3–5 millions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kimmelman&quot;/&gt;
It is illegal for the French State to collect data on ethnicity and race.
|-
|  {{flagu|Portugal}}  || 10,467,366 || 7% || 645,000 (People with recent immigrant background are only 325,000 (2023)) &lt;small&gt;It is illegal for the Portuguese State to collect data on ethnicity and race. the percentage is likely much higher.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Portugal: Comunidade cabo-verdiana está muito bem integrada mas embaixador admite desafios |url=https://ilhas.li/aMZv |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Expresso das Ilhas |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Angola – Emigrantes totais 2020 {{!}} Countryeconomy.com |url=https://pt.countryeconomy.com/demografia/migracao/emigracao/angola |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=pt.countryeconomy.com |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Visão {{!}} Guineenses em Portugal elegem liberdade como maior conquista da Guiné-Bissau |url=https://visao.pt/atualidade/mundo/2023-11-15-guineenses-em-portugal-elegem-liberdade-como-maior-conquista-da-guine-bissau/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moçambique – Emigrantes totais 2020 {{!}} Countryeconomy.com |url=https://pt.countryeconomy.com/demografia/migracao/emigracao/mocambique |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=pt.countryeconomy.com |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  {{flagu|United Kingdom}} || 67,886,004 || 5% ([[British Mixed|inc. partial]]) || 3,000,000
|-
|  {{flagu|Netherlands}}{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}        ||     16,491,461    ||    3%   ||      507,000|-
|-
|  {{flagu|Belgium}}  || 10,666,866 ||3%||~300,000
|-
|  {{flagu|Spain}}  || 47,615,033 ||2,5% (including Maghrebis) ||1,206,701 (Of those ~300,000 are Black Sub-Saharan African)
|-
|  {{flagu|Sweden}}  || 10,379,295 (2020) ||  2.3% || 236,975 (2020)
|-
|  {{flagu|Italy}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://demo.istat.it/pop2015/index.html |title = ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica), Popolazione residente 2015 |publisher = Demo.istat.it |access-date = July 23, 2016 |archive-date = September 20, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160920225743/http://demo.istat.it/pop2015/index.html |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://demo.istat.it/str2015/index.html |title = ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica), Cittadini Stranieri, Bilancio Demografico 2015 Africa |publisher = Demo.istat.it |access-date = July 23, 2016 |archive-date = June 13, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160613091718/http://demo.istat.it/str2015/index.html |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;   ||    60,795,612   || 2% (including Maghrebis)||1,036,653 (Of those ~450,000 are Black Sub-Saharan African)
|-
|   {{flagu|Ireland}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ireland/ |title = Ireland: People |access-date = December 20, 2008 |website = The World Factbook |publisher = Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date = January 9, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210109164445/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ireland/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||    4,339,000   ||   1.38%   ||   64,639
|-
|  {{flagu|Germany}}     ||     82,000,000   ||   1.2% (including Maghrebis)  ||   1,000,000 (Of those ~500,000 are Black Sub-Saharan African)&lt;ref name=&quot;focus 2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=OnlineFOCUS Staff Writer |title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein? [Can place names be racist?] |url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html |date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=April 27, 2021 |work=FOCUS Online|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|    {{flagu|Finland}}       ||    5,603,851 (2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rb.px/ |title=11rb -- Population and change in population size by sex, 1750-2023 |website=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=September 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101203935/https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rb.px/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;    ||   1.26%            || [[African diaspora in Finland|70,592]] (2023){{r|finland-1}}
|-
|  {{flagu|Norway}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2010-04-29-04-en.html |title = Statistics Norway – Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2010 |language = no |publisher = Ssb.no |date = January 1, 2010 |access-date = February 22, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || 4,858,199    ||  1% || 67,000
|-
|   {{flagu|Switzerland}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/07/blank/key/01/01.Document.67321.xls |title = Federal Office of Statistics |access-date = February 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116072408/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/07/blank/key/01/01.Document.67321.xls |archive-date = January 16, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; || 7,790,000 ||1%||57,000
|-
|      {{flagu|Russia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.africana.ru/Golden/info/black_russians_project_engl.htm |title = Мймй Зпмдео Й Мймй Дйлупо. Фемертпелф &quot;Юетоще Тхуулйе&quot;: Уйопруйу |publisher = Africana.ru |access-date = February 22, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110115174736/http://africana.ru/Golden/info/black_russians_project_engl.htm |archive-date = January 15, 2011 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  ||      141,594,000       ||     &lt;1%  ||      50,000
|-
|-  style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
! [[Asia]] ||  3,879,000,000   || &lt;1% || ≈327,904
|-
|      {{flagu|Israel}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/04/05/ap/world/mainD8GPUNGG8.shtml |title = Music Earns Black Hebrews Some Acceptance |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060408073137/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/04/05/ap/world/mainD8GPUNGG8.shtml |archive-date = April 8, 2006 |access-date = May 20, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||   7,411,000  ||  3%  ||   200,000
|-
|        {{flagu|India}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.colaco.net/1/siddhi0.htm |title = colaco.net |publisher = colaco.net |access-date = February 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090226105055/http://www.colaco.net/1/siddhi0.htm |archive-date = February 26, 2009 |df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;  ||    1,132,446,000    ||   &lt;1%    ||  40,000
|-
|  {{flagu|Malaysia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url = http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/5/6/nation/11153134&amp;sec=nation |title = Fear and prejudice |work = The Star |author = Lisa Goh |access-date = February 20, 2013 |date = May 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120506050537/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2012%2F5%2F6%2Fnation%2F11153134&amp;sec=nation |archive-date = May 6, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; || 28,334,135 || &lt;1% ||  31,904
|-
|        {{flagu|Hong Kong}}    ||    7,200,000     ||      &lt;1%      ||   &lt; 20,000&lt;ref name=&quot;chinadaily&quot;&gt;Fenn, Andrea, [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2010-07/06/content_10067689.htm The pride, passion and purpose of HK's Africans], ''[[China Daily]]'', July 6, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|        {{flagu|China}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_yu/20050630.html |title = Global View: China: Foreign ghosts |publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date = June 30, 2005 |access-date = February 22, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110120113017/http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_yu/20050630.html |archive-date = January 20, 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  ||  1,321,851,888   ||   &lt;1%    ||   16,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1629415/guangzhou-clarifies-size-african-community-amid-fears-over-ebola-virus |title=Guangzhou clarifies size of African community amid fears over Ebola virus |author=Zhuang Pinghui |date=November 1, 2014 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|       {{flagu|Japan}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://popafrica.homiez.net/15th/day15th1/15_1_1/ POP AFRICA]{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ([[Nagoya University]]) from the statictics at 2005 by the Immigration Bureau of Japan&lt;/ref&gt;||   127,756,815  ||  &lt;1%  ||   10,000
|-
|}

== The Americas ==
[[File:Neger_und_Negermischlinge.JPG|thumb|Map of the Black African population in the Americas (1901).]]

* [[African Americans]] – Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani 43&amp;nbsp;million nyɛla gbaŋsabila ban be  United States.
* [[Afro-Latin Americans]] – Lahabali din yina Pew Research Center calculates wuhiya ni kalinli din yiɣisi 100&amp;nbsp; million nyɛla ban yi gbaŋsabila tiŋgbana ni na be Latin America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=López |first1=Gustavo |last2=Gonzalez-Barrera |first2=Ana |title=Afro-Latino: A deeply rooted identity among U.S. Hispanics |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/03/01/afro-latino-a-deeply-rooted-identity-among-u-s-hispanics/ |access-date=May 22, 2022 |website=Pew Research Center |date=March 2016 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di kpa talahi ni a baŋ ni, dabba tali daabiligu din be US ŋɔ nyɛla di ni tooi be di koŋko ka che tiŋgbani shɛŋa ban gba dari dabba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/ |title = Brazil |website = The World Factbook |date = December 15, 2021 |access-date = May 25, 2025 |archive-date = August 12, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210812124129/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Pena|first1=Sérgio D. J.|last2=Pietro|first2=Giuliano Di|last3=Fuchshuber-Moraes|first3=Mateus|last4=Genro|first4=Julia Pasqualini|last5=Hutz|first5=Mara H.|last6=Kehdy|first6=Fernanda de Souza Gomes|last7=Kohlrausch|first7=Fabiana|last8=Magno|first8=Luiz Alexandre Viana|last9=Montenegro|first9=Raquel Carvalho|last10=Moraes|first10=Manoel Odorico|last11=Moraes|first11=Maria Elisabete Amaral de|date=February 16, 2011|title=The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=e17063|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017063|pmid=21359226|pmc=3040205|bibcode=2011PLoSO...617063P|issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, sizeable African bilichininima nyɛla ban be[[Cuba]], [[Haiti]], [[Colombia]] n-ti pahi [[Dominican Republic]].
* [[Afro-Caribbeans]] – Salo ban be [[Caribbean]] kalinli nyɛla din yiɣisi kamani 23&amp;nbsp;million. Kalinli zaŋ n-ti gbaŋsabila bilichini ban nyɛ dabba ka be [[Haiti]] – 8&amp;nbsp;million, [[Dominican Republic]] – 7.9&amp;nbsp;million n-ti pahi [[Jamaica]] – 2.7&amp;nbsp;million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP2004/World_Population_2004_chart.pdf |title = World Population 2004 chart, UN |publisher = United Nations |access-date = September 2, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== France ===
Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi kamani miliyɔŋ dibaa ata zaŋ ni miliyɔŋ dibaa anu nyɛla African dabba,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kimmelman&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/arts/17abroad.html|title=For blacks in France, Obama's rise is reason to rejoice, and to hope|last=Kimmelman|first=Michael|date=June 17, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; amaa dibaa anahi puuni kalinli zaɣ'yini nyɛla Afro-French kalinli. Lala kalinli ŋɔ nyɛla din baŋbu niŋdi tɔm pam saha shɛŋa dama French &quot;census&quot; nyɛla din bi mali tumdi tuma.&lt;ref&gt;1/4 of the French African population comes from the [[Caribbean]] islands. [http://www.institutmontaigne.org/medias/im_rapport_oublies-de-legalite-des-chances.pdf in French] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926063003/http://www.institutmontaigne.org/medias/im_rapport_oublies-de-legalite-des-chances.pdf |date=September 26, 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Germany ===
Bin din gbaai yuuni 2020, kalinli din yiɣisi kamani 1,000,000 nyɛla [[Afro-Germans]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=December 30, 2020 |title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein? |url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html |quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala kalinli ŋɔ nyɛla din baŋbu niŋdi tɔm pam saha shɛŋa dama German &quot;census&quot; nyɛla din bi mali tumdi tuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mazon|first=Patricia|url=https://archive.org/details/notsoplainasblac0000unse/page/3|title=Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890–2000|publisher=University of Rochester Press|year=2005|isbn=1-58046-183-2|location=Rochester|pages=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Spain ===
Bin din gbaai yuuni 2021, salo kalinli din yiɣisi 1,206,701 daa nyɛla gbaŋsabila ban be [[Andalusia]], [[Catalonia]], [[Madrid]] n-ti pahi [[Canary Islands|Canaries]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Población residente por fecha, sexo, nacionalidad (agrupación de países) y lugar de nacimiento (agrupación de países)(9691) |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691 |access-date=December 17, 2022 |website=INE |language=es |archive-date=October 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025102106/https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
* [[African apologies for the Atlantic slave trade]]
* [[Africanisms]]
* [[African Australians]]
* ''[[African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter]]''
* [[African immigration to Europe]]
* [[Afro-Latin Americans]]
* [[African diaspora religions]]
* [[Black-brown unity]]
* [[Blaxit]]
* [[Emigration from Africa]]
* [[Genetic history of the African diaspora]]
* [[List of topics related to the African diaspora]]

{{Clear}}

== Kundivihira ==
{{Notes}}
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OHg2eXlVMykC&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = The African Diaspora in the United States and Europe: the Ghanaian experience |first1 = John A. |last1 = Arthur |publisher = Ashgate |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-0-7546-4841-3 }}
* {{Cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nkVxNVvex-sC&amp;q=Encyclopedia%20of%20the%20African%20diaspora%3A%20origins%2C%20experiences%20and%20culture&amp;pg=PP1 |title = Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: origins, experiences and culture, Volume 1 |first = Carole |last = Boyce Davies |author-link = Carole Boyce Davies |location = Santa Barbara, Calif |publisher = ABC-CLIO |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-1-85109-700-5 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=i2ub33rbk3MC&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = Navigating the African Diaspora: The Anthropology of Invisibility |first = Donald Martin |last = Carter |publisher = University of Minnesota Press |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-0-8166-4777-4 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e7uVp3ipwW0C&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = Racial Structure and Radical Politics in the African Diaspora |first = James L. Jr. |last = Conyers |publisher = London: Transaction |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-1-4128-1045-6 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iLxYa1HpdbgC&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = Extending the Diaspora: New Histories of Black People |first1 = Dawne Y. |last1 = Curry |first2 = Eric D. |last2 = Duke |first3 = Marshanda A. |last3 = Smith |publisher = University of Illinois Press |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-252-03459-6 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YH-DgrHLu1UC&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = Black Europe and the African Diaspora |first1 = Darlene Clark |author-link=Darlene Clark Hine|last1 = Hine |first2 = Trica |last2 = Danielle Keaton |first3 = Stephen |last3 = Small |publisher = University of Illinois Press |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-252-07657-2 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Karmwar |first1=Manish |title=African Diaspora in India |journal=Diaspora Studies |date=January 1, 2010 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=69–91 |doi=10.1080/09739572.2010.10597342 |doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |s2cid=152992988 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09739572.2010.10597342 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205175346/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09739572.2010.10597342 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CMg--t-YQWQC&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = The New African Diaspora |first1 = Isidore |last1 = Okpewho |author-link1 = Isidore Okpewho |first2 = Nkiru |last2 = Nzegwu |publisher = Indiana University Press |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-253-35337-5 }}.
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KEsqd8CkCZ8C&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = The African Diaspora and the Disciplines |first1 = Tejumola |last1 = Olaniyan |first2 = James H |last2 = Sweet |publisher = Indiana University Press |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-0-253-35464-8 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hCcMb_2i0SUC&amp;q=African%20diaspora&amp;pg=PP1 |title = The Latin American Identity and the African Diaspora: Ethnogenesis in Context |first = Antonio |last = Olliz-Boyd |publisher = Cambria Press |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-1-60497-704-2 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&amp;q=The%20African%20diaspora%20in%20Canada%3A%20negotiating%20identity%20%26%20belonging&amp;pg=PP1 |title = The African Diaspora in Canada: negotiating identity &amp; belonging |last1 = Wisdom |first1 = Tettey |first2 = Korbla P. |last2 = Puplampu |publisher = University of Calgary Press |year = 2005 |isbn = 978-1-55238-175-5 }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|c=Category:African diaspora|wikt=Afrodiasporic|n=no|q=History of Free African Diaspora|s=no|b=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|v=no|voy=no|d=Q385967}}
* [http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africansindianocean/index2.php &quot;The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019050614/http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africansindianocean/index2.php |date=October 19, 2019 }}, Omar H. Ali, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
* [http://www.blackpresence.co.uk/ The History of Black People in Britain]
* [http://www.moadsf.org/ &quot;Museum of the African Diaspora&quot;], Online exhibits and other resources from the San Francisco-based museum.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171016071153/http://www.diaspora-centre.org/ The African Diaspora Policy Centre (ADPC)]

{{African diaspora|state=expanded}}
{{Immigration from Africa}}
{{Pan-Africanism}}{{Diasporas}}

[[Category:African diaspora| ]]</text>
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    <title>Asiento de Negros</title>
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{{short description|Spanish licence for monopoly of the slave trade in exchange for a loan}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2020}}
[[File:1713 Asiento contract.png|thumb|240px|Cover of the English translation of the Asiento contract signed by Britain and Spain in 1713 as part of the Utrecht treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession. The contract granted exclusive rights to Britain to sell slaves in the Spanish Indies.]]
'''{{lang|es|Asiento de Negros}}''' daa nyɛla daabiligu shaawara din be [[Spanish Crown]] ban niŋ daabiligu ni daba gbahibu zaŋ chaŋ [[Slavery in colonial Spanish America|Spanish Americas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Asiento de Negros and Internati&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Weindl |first1=Andrea |year=2008 |title=The Asiento de Negros and International Law |journal=Journal of the History of International Law |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=229–257 |doi=10.1163/157180508X359846}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Spanish Empire]] daa dii bi kperi [[trans-Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]] ni polo zaŋ chaŋ kamani Africa maŋmaŋa, ka leei niŋdi ningbuna ni tiŋgbayaɣ'shɛŋa din yuli duri dunia, dibahi bahindi kamani Portuguese mini Genoese, amaa Dutch, French, mini British daa ti nyɛla o ni zaŋ shɛŋa pahi.&lt;ref&gt;Schneider, Elena, ''The Occupation of Havana'', University of North Carolina Press, 1977, p.23 [https://books.google.com/books?id=w1B1DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=leonard+cocke+CUBA&amp;pg=PA94]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=={{lang|es|Asientos}}==
A'''{{lang|es|asiento}}''', [[Spanish language]] balli ni, gbunni nyɛla samli, kamani yuuni zaŋ chaŋ yuma anahi sunsuuni, ka gbana ni ni [[Spanish crown]] laɣinsi ni daabihi sun suuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bu.edu/econ/files/2012/11/Castile-140330.pdf The strategy of Philip II against the Cortes in the 1575 crisis and the domestic credit market freeze Carlos Álvarez-Nogal and Christophe Chamley ]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=YN7bdQHskL0C&amp;pg=PA124 The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659: The Logistics of ...by Geoffrey Parker, p. 125]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322623625.pdf J Conklin (1998) The Theory of Sovereign Debt and Spain under Philip II]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=1r_vkOSIwgwC&amp;pg=PA112 A Nation upon the Ocean Sea: Portugal's Atlantic Diaspora and the Crisis of ... by Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert, pp. 112–113]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=gBw9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372 The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: From the Decline of the Roman empire by Sir John Harold Clapham, Eileen Edna Power, p. 372]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190227163048/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/92eb/334e954ebdb3b4ed36b81c0bdd1e55092e83.pdf Carlos Álvarez Nogal (2002) THE ABILITY OF AN ABSOLUTE KING TO BORROW DURING THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. SPAIN DURING THE HABSBURG DYNASTY &amp;#91;''sic''&amp;#93;, p. 7, 30]&lt;/ref&gt;

=={{lang|es|Asiento}} taarihi==
{{Main|Slavery in colonial Spanish America}}
[[File:Insula Gaditana.jpg|thumb|The island of [[Cádiz]] by [[Joan Blaeu|Blaeu]] in 1662.]]
[[File:San juan ulua1.JPG|thumb|San Juan de Ulúa, Spanish fort in Veracruz, Mexico (2008)]]

===Background in the Spanish Americas===
A{{lang|es|asiento}} (gbunni Spanish bachiniŋdili {{lang|es|sentar}},gbunni nyɛla ʒinibu, din  daa yina Latin {{lang|la|sedere}} ni) Spanish ni &quot;zaɣa&quot; bee &quot;ʒinahigu,pilibu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Postma, Johannes, ''The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815'' (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--The Asiento de Negros was considered a tangible asset, comparable to [[tax farming]], and a source of profit for the Spanish crown.&lt;ref&gt;Blackburn, Robin, ''The Making of New World Slavery'', London: Verso 1997, pp. 135, 141–142.&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shelly, Cara. &quot;Asiento&quot; in ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 1, p. 218. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons 1996, p. 218.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;David Marley (ed.), Reales asientos y licencias para la introducción de esclavos negros a la América Española (1676–1789), (Windsor 1985).&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;

== Ban gbubi ''Asiento'' ==

===Early: 1518–1595===
1518–1527: [[Laurent de Gouvenot]] (bɛ ni lahi booni so Lorenzo de Gorrevod bee Garrebod), ex-Governor zaŋti [[Bresse]] mini [[Mayordomo mayor]] zaŋti [[Charles I of Spain]].&lt;ref&gt;Thomas, Hugh (1997) ''The Slave Trade''. Simon and Schuster&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalla Corte 2006&quot;&gt;Dalla Corte, Gabriela (2006) ''Homogeneidad, Diferencia y Exclusión en América.'' Edicions Universitat Barcelona,&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[wikt:Outsourced|Outsourced]] zaŋti Domingo de Forne, Agustín de Ribaldo mini Fernando Vázquez,  [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] zaa daa pilila [[Seville]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalla Corte 2006&quot; /&gt;

*

===Portuguese: 1595–1640===
Asientos dibaa ayɔbu daa nyɛ soli:
* 30 January 1595 – 13 May 1601: Pedro Gomes Reynel&lt;ref name=&quot;nm&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Ngou-Mve|1994|p=97}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group= &quot;nb&quot;&gt;Reinel introduced 25,000 slaves to Brazil in the following six years. This agreement introduced well-defined characteristics in this type of contract. According to its clauses, Reynel was obliged to introduce 4,250 African slaves annually into the Indies; he could grant &quot;licences&quot; to anyone who wanted them and he would be in charge of completing the required total if necessary.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://censoarchivos.mcu.es/CensoGuia/fondoDetail.htm?id=987487|title=Portada del Archivo Histórico Nacional|website=censoarchivos.mcu.es|language=es|access-date=2017-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ssNMAgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Reynel+was+obliged+to+introduce+4%2C250+African+slaves+annually+into+the+Indies&amp;pg=PA175 The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History, Volume 5 by Oxford University Press]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge.org&quot;&gt;[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/forgotten-chapter-in-the-history-of-international-commercial-arbitration-the-slave-trades-dispute-settlement-system/E1FC4301DD50EEFF4FA3E278D4B031B0 A Forgotten Chapter in the History of International Commercial Arbitration: The Slave Trade's Dispute Settlement System by ANNE-CHARLOTTE MARTINEAU] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156518000158 Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 March 2018&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 13 May 1601 – 16 October 1604:&lt;ref name=&quot;nm&quot;/&gt; João Rodrigues Coutinho.&lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge.org&quot;/&gt;
* 16 October 1604 – 27 September 1615:&lt;ref name=&quot;nm&quot;/&gt; Gonçalo Vaz Coutinho
* 27 September 1615 – 1 April 1623:&lt;ref name=&quot;nm&quot;/&gt; [[António Fernandes de Elvas]]. 
** &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/spain-under-phillip-ii/economy-under-phillip-iii/ |title=C N Trueman &quot;Economy Under Phillip III&quot; historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 3 Oct 2020. |access-date=27 May 2025 |archive-date=23 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523145831/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/P3econ.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1 April 1623 – 25 September 1631:&lt;ref name=&quot;nm&quot;/&gt; [[Manuel Rodrigues Lamego]]; &lt;ref&gt;Thomas, Hugh (1997). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 – 1870. Simon and Schuster. {{ISBN|0684835657}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 25 September 1631 – [[Portuguese Restoration War|1 December 1640]]:&lt;ref name=&quot;nm&quot;/&gt; Melchor Gómez Angel mini Cristóvão Mendes de Sousa.

[[File:Jan Valckenburgh (1623-1667) by Daniel Vertangen.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jan Valckenburgh]] ]]

== Lihi pahi ==
* [[Chartered companies]]
* [[Spanish Empire]]

==Noosi==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|2}}

===Bibliography===
&lt;!-- Please order books alphabetically by the author's last name --&gt;
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book |title=The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800|last=Blackburn|first=Robin|year=1998|publisher=Verso|isbn=1859841953}}
* {{cite book |title=Theorising the Ibero-American Atlantic|last=Braun|first=Harald E|year=2013|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004258068}}
* {{cite book |title=The Global South Atlantic|last=Bystrom|first=Kerry |year=2017|publisher=Fordham Univ Press|isbn=978-0823277896}}
* {{cite book |title=Negro Slavery in the Sugar Plantations of Veracruz and Pernambuco, 1550–1680: A Comparative Study|last=Cardoso|first=Gerald |year=1983|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0819129267}}
* {{cite book |title=The Trade in the Living: The Formation of Brazil in the South Atlantic, Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries|last=de Alencastro|first=Luiz Felipe|year=2018|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1438469294}}
* {{cite book |last=Hart |first=Francis Russel |title=Admirals of the Caribbean |url=https://archive.org/details/admiralsofcaribb00hartrich |location=Boston |year=1922}}
* {{cite book |title=The Conversos and Moriscos in Late Medieval Spain and Beyond, Volume 3: Displaced Persons|last=Ingram|first=Kevin |year=2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004306363}}
* {{cite book |title=Migration, Trade, and Slavery in an Expanding World: Essays in Honor of Pieter Emmer|last=Klooster|first=Wim|year=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004176201}}
* {{cite book |title=From Capture to Sale: The Portuguese Slave Trade to Spanish South America in the Early Seventeenth Century|last=Newson|first=Linda A|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004156791}}
* {{cite book |title=El Africa bantú en la colonización de México (1595-1640)|last=Ngou-Mve|first=Nicolás |year=1994|publisher=Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press|isbn=8400074203}}
* {{cite book |title=Dutch and Portuguese in Western Africa: Empires, Merchants and the Atlantic System, 1580–1674|last=Ribeiro da Silva|first=Filipa |year=2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004201514}}
* {{cite book |title=Networks and Trans-Cultural Exchange: Slave Trading in the South Atlantic, 1590–1867|last=Richardson|first=David|year=2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004280588}}
* {{cite book |title=The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536–1765|last=Saraiva|first=António José|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004120807}}
* {{cite book |last=Goslinga |first=C. Ch. |year=1985 |title=The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680–1791 |location=Assen |publisher=Van Gorcum |isbn=90-232-2060-9 }}
* David Marley (ed.), ''Reales asientos y licencias para la introduccion de esclavos negros a la America Espagnola (1676-1789)'', {{ISBN|0-88653-009-1}} (Windsor, Canada. 1985).
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGoyvMF7xw8C |last=Postma |first=J. M. |year=2008 |title=The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-36585-7 }}
{{Refend}}

{{Spanish Empire}}

[[Category:British colonization of the Americas]]
[[Category:History of the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Slavery in North America]]
[[Category:Slavery in South America]]
[[Category:Spanish colonization of the Americas]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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      <comment>N tɛhimi sabi</comment>
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      <text bytes="536" sha1="4fp27j8b1ialh9uq9oyvkd18tml4yrk" xml:space="preserve">Biɛhigu puuni Dagbamba malila yu' Shɛŋa bɛ mali booni bɛ bihi, yuya maa Shɛŋa n-do gbunni ŋɔ

1.Napodoo 

2.Tipaɣa

3.Tidoo

4.Balimihi

5.Sibpaɣa

6.Sibdoo

8.Wumbedoo

9.Wumbe paɣa

10.Naama

11.Malititi

12.Tipaɣya

.13.Mandeeya

14.Wunzali 

15.Wuninmi 

16.Wuntia 

17.Lahiri

18.Fulera

19.Maata

20.Kubura.

21. Wunnam

22. Wunbohiwuhi

23. Bongariyurillim

24. Bibimiti

25. Wumpini

26. Dimaŋpaɣa

27.Deeshina

28.Saliyapaɣa

29. Dayuuni

30.Danaa

31. Dawuni 

32. Nyeyam

33. Suɣulo 

34. Dinnani

35. Dahima</text>
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      <text bytes="554" sha1="oh0q8o6btb2z2te2bx6a86ngsgcrzbl" xml:space="preserve">Biɛhigu puuni Dagbamba malila yu' Shɛŋa bɛ mali booni bɛ bihi, yuya maa Shɛŋa n-do gbunni ŋɔ

1.Napodoo 

2.Tipaɣa

3.Tidoo

4.Balimihi

5.Sibpaɣa

6.Sibdoo

8.Wumbedoo

9.Wumbe paɣa

10.Naama

11.Malititi

12.Tipaɣya

.13.Mandeeya

14.Wunzali 

15.Wuninmi 

16.Wuntia 

17.Lahiri

18.Fulera

19.Maata

20.Kubura.

21. Wunnam

22. Wunbohiwuhi

23. Bongariyurillim

24. Bibimiti

25. Wumpini

26. Dimaŋpaɣa

27.Deeshina

28.Saliyapaɣa

29. Dayuuni

30.Danaa

31. Dawuni 

32. Nyeyam

33. Suɣulo 

34. Dinnani

35. Dahima
36.Adisa
37.Baako</text>
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    <title>AfrikaBurn</title>
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      <comment>Added a bio</comment>
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      <text bytes="3222" sha1="krd2adwy1dw9j88vmw4139k4li3fp0n" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''AfrikaBurn''' nyɛla Burning Man regional dɛima, ka bi niŋdili Quaggafontein ( )  din bɛ Tankwa Karoo, Western Cape, tiŋ kari din bɛ [[South Africa|South Africa.]] Di daliri daa nyɛmi ni di zali baŋsim fɔŋ shɛli d in bɛ semi Desert ni, ka di mali ephemeral artworks, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ bini yɛn dabi shɛli zaŋ chaŋ dɛima maa naabu ni. Ban kana dɛima maa ni nyɛla ban yɛri nɛima din mali nachinsi ka shɛba nyɛ ban malindi &quot;mutant vehicle&quot; n yɛrila lora ni ma din mali nachin tɛri. Lala lora nim maa nyɛla bini boli shɛli Desert Mutant Vehicle.

== Taarihi ==
African Burns Creative Project (AfrikaBurn) nyɛla bini daa kpa shɛli yuuni 2017 ka di nyɛ tuma du di za di gama zuɣu, ka di niya nyɛmi ni di nyɛla din yɛn lɛbi din yɛn bɛ tooni n zali ka gbeni kpalazuya n zali South African Burning Man regional dɛima din za di gamazuɣu. AfrikaBurn daa nyɛla Paul Jorgensen ni daa kpa shɛli.

Paul Jorgensen nyɛla ŋun chaŋ  Burning Man dɛim nim pam ni ka daa nyɛla ŋun lɛbi Larry Harvey zosimo mini Burning daŋ nim maa,  O daa nyɛla ŋun kana South Africa ni o ti nyɛ o laamba ka daa yihi o niya n yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn kpa artistic laɣimgu din nyɛ suhudoo dini ka ʒiri South African nim na dɛima ni ka di pa siyaasa yɛtɔlɣa. O Shikuru ni  zosimo Robert Weinek ( bini lahi mi so Miss Nesbitt) n daa nyɛ o ni gbeni so kpalazuɣu. O nyɛla ŋun art baŋsim yi di ko n ti pahi o baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi anfoonima polo ka lahi nyɛ ŋun mi kali maa pam, ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun ni tooi tabi suŋ Paul ni &quot;mandate&quot; din yɛn chɛ ka Larry ni tooi nyɛ binyɛra n dabi African puuni. Robert Weinek daa nyɛla ŋun nyɛ Liane  Visser, domishi ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun mali baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi kali nɛima zaŋ maki saamvani shili din zuɣu o nyɛla ŋun tu ni bi zaŋ n pahi. Bi niriba ata maa daa nyɛla ban chaŋ Malpaals ni bi ti di ka yo ka gbaagi alikawuli zaŋ chaŋ bi niya maa polo. Binyɛra shɛŋa bini daa niŋ kamani &quot;Bennekring&quot; mini Buitekring nti pahi bini daa zaŋ Afrikaans n pahi ka bi nyɛ lexicon maa daa nyɛla bini kpeɣi shɛli lala yuŋ maa. Di daa nyɛla din niŋ suɣisinli ni n pɛra ka wuɣirili, pio ka tuuli dɛima maa naayi niŋ.

Di tu ni di puhi ka paɣi ninvuɣu shɛba ban zaŋ bi yaa, kpaŋmaŋ mini hankali kamani  Charlie Blackcat Smith, Paul Grose, John Allesandri, Harry Logos, Simon Dunckley and Jutta Holzapfel,ban wuɣisili  ka si taagi ka zoogi n gari din daa bɛ shɛm.

Ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa kpa lala chuɣu ŋɔ n nyɛ Paul Jorgensen, Robert Weinek mini Liare Visser, Mike 't Sas-Rolfes ( di tu ni di paɣi Michael ma ŋun yaa mini o suŋsim daa suŋ ka bi mali bi tuli mini-burn Robert yiŋa Somerset West) n ti pahi Richard Bowsher mini Monique Schiess. 

Dɛima ŋɔ nyɛla din bɛni tum yuuni 2007, ka di dɛima ka nyɛ din niŋdi tiŋgban shɛli bini boli Stonehenge din ba daansi ni Tankwa Karoo National Park  hali ni yuuni 2019. Yuuni 2019 bahigu fali dibaayi din daa badaansi ni din maa Quaggafontein mini Vaalfontein  ni daa nyɛ Mapula Trust nim ni daa zaŋ shɛli n ti shɛba.  Quaggafontein ( bini pa mi polo dibaayi maa yu shɛli ) nyɛla din bɛ 30km Southeast zaŋ labi Stonehenge Private Reserve Dɛim</text>
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      <comment>Added  heading</comment>
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      <text bytes="3241" sha1="88vftwkfz71oufb8mejj4gsfb6hh6wp" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''AfrikaBurn''' nyɛla Burning Man regional dɛima, ka bi niŋdili Quaggafontein ( )  din bɛ Tankwa Karoo, Western Cape, tiŋ kari din bɛ [[South Africa|South Africa.]] Di daliri daa nyɛmi ni di zali baŋsim fɔŋ shɛli d in bɛ semi Desert ni, ka di mali ephemeral artworks, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ bini yɛn dabi shɛli zaŋ chaŋ dɛima maa naabu ni. Ban kana dɛima maa ni nyɛla ban yɛri nɛima din mali nachinsi ka shɛba nyɛ ban malindi &quot;mutant vehicle&quot; n yɛrila lora ni ma din mali nachin tɛri. Lala lora nim maa nyɛla bini boli shɛli Desert Mutant Vehicle.

== Taarihi ==
African Burns Creative Project (AfrikaBurn) nyɛla bini daa kpa shɛli yuuni 2017 ka di nyɛ tuma du di za di gama zuɣu, ka di niya nyɛmi ni di nyɛla din yɛn lɛbi din yɛn bɛ tooni n zali ka gbeni kpalazuya n zali South African Burning Man regional dɛima din za di gamazuɣu. AfrikaBurn daa nyɛla Paul Jorgensen ni daa kpa shɛli.

Paul Jorgensen nyɛla ŋun chaŋ  Burning Man dɛim nim pam ni ka daa nyɛla ŋun lɛbi Larry Harvey zosimo mini Burning daŋ nim maa,  O daa nyɛla ŋun kana South Africa ni o ti nyɛ o laamba ka daa yihi o niya n yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn kpa artistic laɣimgu din nyɛ suhudoo dini ka ʒiri South African nim na dɛima ni ka di pa siyaasa yɛtɔlɣa. O Shikuru ni  zosimo Robert Weinek ( bini lahi mi so Miss Nesbitt) n daa nyɛ o ni gbeni so kpalazuɣu. O nyɛla ŋun art baŋsim yi di ko n ti pahi o baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi anfoonima polo ka lahi nyɛ ŋun mi kali maa pam, ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun ni tooi tabi suŋ Paul ni &quot;mandate&quot; din yɛn chɛ ka Larry ni tooi nyɛ binyɛra n dabi African puuni. Robert Weinek daa nyɛla ŋun nyɛ Liane  Visser, domishi ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun mali baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi kali nɛima zaŋ maki saamvani shili din zuɣu o nyɛla ŋun tu ni bi zaŋ n pahi. Bi niriba ata maa daa nyɛla ban chaŋ Malpaals ni bi ti di ka yo ka gbaagi alikawuli zaŋ chaŋ bi niya maa polo. Binyɛra shɛŋa bini daa niŋ kamani &quot;Bennekring&quot; mini Buitekring nti pahi bini daa zaŋ Afrikaans n pahi ka bi nyɛ lexicon maa daa nyɛla bini kpeɣi shɛli lala yuŋ maa. Di daa nyɛla din niŋ suɣisinli ni n pɛra ka wuɣirili, pio ka tuuli dɛima maa naayi niŋ.

Di tu ni di puhi ka paɣi ninvuɣu shɛba ban zaŋ bi yaa, kpaŋmaŋ mini hankali kamani  Charlie Blackcat Smith, Paul Grose, John Allesandri, Harry Logos, Simon Dunckley and Jutta Holzapfel,ban wuɣisili  ka si taagi ka zoogi n gari din daa bɛ shɛm.

Ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa kpa lala chuɣu ŋɔ n nyɛ Paul Jorgensen, Robert Weinek mini Liare Visser, Mike 't Sas-Rolfes ( di tu ni di paɣi Michael ma ŋun yaa mini o suŋsim daa suŋ ka bi mali bi tuli mini-burn Robert yiŋa Somerset West) n ti pahi Richard Bowsher mini Monique Schiess. 

Dɛima ŋɔ nyɛla din bɛni tum yuuni 2007, ka di dɛima ka nyɛ din niŋdi tiŋgban shɛli bini boli Stonehenge din ba daansi ni Tankwa Karoo National Park  hali ni yuuni 2019. Yuuni 2019 bahigu fali dibaayi din daa badaansi ni din maa Quaggafontein mini Vaalfontein  ni daa nyɛ Mapula Trust nim ni daa zaŋ shɛli n ti shɛba.  Quaggafontein ( bini pa mi polo dibaayi maa yu shɛli ) nyɛla din bɛ 30km Southeast zaŋ labi Stonehenge Private Reserve Dɛim

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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      <id>141153</id>
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        <username>Maltima Rabia</username>
        <id>5146</id>
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      <text bytes="3280" sha1="djexmmxzm6nqlx3ctwm8eass2fihxv7" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''AfrikaBurn''' nyɛla Burning Man regional dɛima, ka bi niŋdili Quaggafontein (&lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; &quot;fountain of Quagga&quot;  )  din bɛ Tankwa Karoo, Western Cape, tiŋ kari din bɛ [[South Africa|South Africa.]] Di daliri daa nyɛmi ni di zali baŋsim fɔŋ shɛli d in bɛ semi Desert ni, ka di mali ephemeral artworks, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ bini yɛn dabi shɛli zaŋ chaŋ dɛima maa naabu ni. Ban kana dɛima maa ni nyɛla ban yɛri nɛima din mali nachinsi ka shɛba nyɛ ban malindi &quot;mutant vehicle&quot; n yɛrila lora ni ma din mali nachin tɛri. Lala lora nim maa nyɛla bini boli shɛli Desert Mutant Vehicle.

== Taarihi ==
African Burns Creative Project (AfrikaBurn) nyɛla bini daa kpa shɛli yuuni 2017 ka di nyɛ tuma du di za di gama zuɣu, ka di niya nyɛmi ni di nyɛla din yɛn lɛbi din yɛn bɛ tooni n zali ka gbeni kpalazuya n zali South African Burning Man regional dɛima din za di gamazuɣu. AfrikaBurn daa nyɛla Paul Jorgensen ni daa kpa shɛli.

Paul Jorgensen nyɛla ŋun chaŋ  Burning Man dɛim nim pam ni ka daa nyɛla ŋun lɛbi Larry Harvey zosimo mini Burning daŋ nim maa,  O daa nyɛla ŋun kana South Africa ni o ti nyɛ o laamba ka daa yihi o niya n yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn kpa artistic laɣimgu din nyɛ suhudoo dini ka ʒiri South African nim na dɛima ni ka di pa siyaasa yɛtɔlɣa. O Shikuru ni  zosimo Robert Weinek ( bini lahi mi so Miss Nesbitt) n daa nyɛ o ni gbeni so kpalazuɣu. O nyɛla ŋun art baŋsim yi di ko n ti pahi o baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi anfoonima polo ka lahi nyɛ ŋun mi kali maa pam, ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun ni tooi tabi suŋ Paul ni &quot;mandate&quot; din yɛn chɛ ka Larry ni tooi nyɛ binyɛra n dabi African puuni. Robert Weinek daa nyɛla ŋun nyɛ Liane  Visser, domishi ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun mali baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi kali nɛima zaŋ maki saamvani shili din zuɣu o nyɛla ŋun tu ni bi zaŋ n pahi. Bi niriba ata maa daa nyɛla ban chaŋ Malpaals ni bi ti di ka yo ka gbaagi alikawuli zaŋ chaŋ bi niya maa polo. Binyɛra shɛŋa bini daa niŋ kamani &quot;Bennekring&quot; mini Buitekring nti pahi bini daa zaŋ Afrikaans n pahi ka bi nyɛ lexicon maa daa nyɛla bini kpeɣi shɛli lala yuŋ maa. Di daa nyɛla din niŋ suɣisinli ni n pɛra ka wuɣirili, pio ka tuuli dɛima maa naayi niŋ.

Di tu ni di puhi ka paɣi ninvuɣu shɛba ban zaŋ bi yaa, kpaŋmaŋ mini hankali kamani  Charlie Blackcat Smith, Paul Grose, John Allesandri, Harry Logos, Simon Dunckley and Jutta Holzapfel,ban wuɣisili  ka si taagi ka zoogi n gari din daa bɛ shɛm.

Ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa kpa lala chuɣu ŋɔ n nyɛ Paul Jorgensen, Robert Weinek mini Liare Visser, Mike 't Sas-Rolfes ( di tu ni di paɣi Michael ma ŋun yaa mini o suŋsim daa suŋ ka bi mali bi tuli mini-burn Robert yiŋa Somerset West) n ti pahi Richard Bowsher mini Monique Schiess. 

Dɛima ŋɔ nyɛla din bɛni tum yuuni 2007, ka di dɛima ka nyɛ din niŋdi tiŋgban shɛli bini boli Stonehenge din ba daansi ni Tankwa Karoo National Park  hali ni yuuni 2019. Yuuni 2019 bahigu fali dibaayi din daa badaansi ni din maa Quaggafontein mini Vaalfontein  ni daa nyɛ Mapula Trust nim ni daa zaŋ shɛli n ti shɛba.  Quaggafontein ( bini pa mi polo dibaayi maa yu shɛli ) nyɛla din bɛ 30km Southeast zaŋ labi Stonehenge Private Reserve Dɛim

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>5146</id>
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'''AfrikaBurn''' nyɛla Burning Man regional dɛima,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Event|url=https://www.afrikaburn.org/event/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=AfrikaBurn {{!}} Invent the World Anew|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka bi niŋdili Quaggafontein (&lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; &quot;fountain of Quagga&quot;  )  din bɛ Tankwa Karoo, Western Cape, tiŋ kari din bɛ [[South Africa|South Africa.]] Di daliri daa nyɛmi ni di zali baŋsim fɔŋ shɛli d in bɛ semi Desert ni, ka di mali ephemeral artworks, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ bini yɛn dabi shɛli zaŋ chaŋ dɛima maa naabu ni. Ban kana dɛima maa ni nyɛla ban yɛri nɛima din mali nachinsi ka shɛba nyɛ ban malindi &quot;mutant vehicle&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.afrikaburn.org/the-organisation/about/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=AfrikaBurn {{!}} Invent the World Anew|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; n yɛrila lora ni ma din mali nachin tɛri. Lala lora nim maa nyɛla bini boli shɛli Desert Mutant Vehicle.

== Taarihi ==
African Burns Creative Project (AfrikaBurn) nyɛla bini daa kpa shɛli yuuni 2017 ka di nyɛ tuma du di za di gama zuɣu, ka di niya nyɛmi ni di nyɛla din yɛn lɛbi din yɛn bɛ tooni n zali ka gbeni kpalazuya n zali South African Burning Man regional dɛima din za di gamazuɣu. AfrikaBurn daa nyɛla Paul Jorgensen ni daa kpa shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=History - AfrikaBurn|language=en-GB|work=AfrikaBurn|url=https://www.afrikaburn.com/about/the-organisation/history|access-date=2026-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Paul Jorgensen nyɛla ŋun chaŋ  Burning Man dɛim nim pam ni ka daa nyɛla ŋun lɛbi Larry Harvey zosimo mini Burning daŋ nim maa,  O daa nyɛla ŋun kana South Africa ni o ti nyɛ o laamba ka daa yihi o niya n yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun yɛn kpa artistic laɣimgu din nyɛ suhudoo dini ka ʒiri South African nim na dɛima ni ka di pa siyaasa yɛtɔlɣa. O Shikuru ni  zosimo Robert Weinek ( bini lahi mi so Miss Nesbitt) n daa nyɛ o ni gbeni so kpalazuɣu. O nyɛla ŋun art baŋsim yi di ko n ti pahi o baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi anfoonima polo ka lahi nyɛ ŋun mi kali maa pam, ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun ni tooi tabi suŋ Paul ni &quot;mandate&quot; din yɛn chɛ ka Larry ni tooi nyɛ binyɛra n dabi African puuni. Robert Weinek daa nyɛla ŋun nyɛ Liane  Visser, domishi ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun mali baŋsim zaŋ jɛndi kali nɛima zaŋ maki saamvani shili din zuɣu o nyɛla ŋun tu ni bi zaŋ n pahi. Bi niriba ata maa daa nyɛla ban chaŋ Malpaals ni bi ti di ka yo ka gbaagi alikawuli zaŋ chaŋ bi niya maa polo. Binyɛra shɛŋa bini daa niŋ kamani &quot;Bennekring&quot; mini Buitekring nti pahi bini daa zaŋ Afrikaans n pahi ka bi nyɛ lexicon maa daa nyɛla bini kpeɣi shɛli lala yuŋ maa. Di daa nyɛla din niŋ suɣisinli ni n pɛra ka wuɣirili, pio ka tuuli dɛima maa naayi niŋ.

Di tu ni di puhi ka paɣi ninvuɣu shɛba ban zaŋ bi yaa, kpaŋmaŋ mini hankali kamani  Charlie Blackcat Smith, Paul Grose, John Allesandri, Harry Logos, Simon Dunckley and Jutta Holzapfel,ban wuɣisili  ka si taagi ka zoogi n gari din daa bɛ shɛm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Advance HE|url=https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=www.advance-he.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa kpa lala chuɣu ŋɔ n nyɛ Paul Jorgensen, Robert Weinek mini Liare Visser, Mike 't Sas-Rolfes ( di tu ni di paɣi Michael ma ŋun yaa mini o suŋsim daa suŋ ka bi mali bi tuli mini-burn Robert yiŋa Somerset West) n ti pahi Richard Bowsher mini Monique Schiess. 

Dɛima ŋɔ nyɛla din bɛni tum yuuni 2007, ka di dɛima ka nyɛ din niŋdi tiŋgban shɛli bini boli Stonehenge din ba daansi ni Tankwa Karoo National Park  hali ni yuuni 2019. Yuuni 2019 bahigu fali dibaayi din daa badaansi ni din maa Quaggafontein mini Vaalfontein  ni daa nyɛ Mapula Trust nim ni daa zaŋ shɛli n ti shɛba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-21|title=Homepage|url=https://land.afrikaburn.com/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=New Horizons|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Quaggafontein ( bini pa mi polo dibaayi maa yu shɛli ) nyɛla din bɛ 30km Southeast zaŋ labi Stonehenge Private Reserve Dɛim

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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    <title>Bani River</title>
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      <text bytes="4851" sha1="g0tb6tpd4v5wqbw6k95lry5m2eyi1x7" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
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'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

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[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
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Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7479" sha1="croj9km1foxoo2edtz1ja9t4vptf3k6" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000 


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000 


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
{{image frame|width=280|content=
Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

{{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content=
&lt;timeline&gt;
#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
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 bar:51  from:0 till: 791
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 bar:55  from:0 till: 854
 bar:56  from:0 till: 561
 bar:57  from:0 till: 794
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 bar:86  from:0 till: 145
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 bar:88  from:0 till: 179
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 bar:90  from:0 till: 168 color:darkblue # Using Descroix 2009 fig 9
 bar:91  from:0 till: 190 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 188
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 bar:94  from:0 till: 459 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 462
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| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

{{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content=
&lt;timeline&gt;
#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
&lt;#

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 bar:51  from:0 till: 791
 bar:52  from:0 till: 825
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 bar:55  from:0 till: 854
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 bar:81  from:0 till: 295
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 bar:83  from:0 till: 70.7
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 bar:86  from:0 till: 145
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 bar:88  from:0 till: 179
 bar:89  from:0 till: 186
 bar:90  from:0 till: 168 color:darkblue # Using Descroix 2009 fig 9
 bar:91  from:0 till: 190 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 188
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| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
{{image frame|width=280|content=
Bani River at Douna
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&lt;/timeline&gt;
| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

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#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
&lt;#

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| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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&lt;/timeline&gt;
| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

{{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content=
&lt;timeline&gt;
#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
&lt;#

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| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==

*{{citation | last=Descroix | first=L. | year=2009 | title= Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological regimes around the boundaries between Sahelian and Sudanian areas of West Africa: A synthesis | journal= [[Journal of Hydrology]] | volume=375 | issue=1–2 | pages=90–102 | doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.012 | bibcode=2009JHyd..375...90D |display-authors=etal}}.
*{{citation|last1=Fisher |first1=William |last2=Meierotto |first2=Lisa |last3=Russel |first3=Ryan |year=2001 |title=The Talo Dam Project: Projet de Mise en Valeur Des Plaines Du Moyen Bani |publisher=Clark University |url=http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726000741/http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-26 }}. Pages 30–31 contain a table dated 2003 prepared by J.R. Patenaude, giving values for the water flow in an average year (assumed to be 125&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s or 3.9&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/y).
*{{citation | editor-last=Golitzen | editor-first=Katherin George| year=2005 |title=The Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable management | publisher=World Bank | place=Washington, DC. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf }}.</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
{{image frame|width=280|content=
Bani River at Douna
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 bar:Jan from:0 till: 128
 bar:Feb from:0 till: 72
 bar:Mar from:0 till: 41
 bar:Apr from:0 till: 25
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 bar:Jun from:0 till: 38
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 bar:Aug from:0 till: 895
 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1941
 bar:Oct from:0 till: 1768
 bar:Nov from:0 till: 796
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&lt;/timeline&gt;
| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

{{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content=
&lt;timeline&gt;
#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
&lt;#

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 bar:51  from:0 till: 791
 bar:52  from:0 till: 825
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 bar:54  from:0 till: 906
 bar:55  from:0 till: 854
 bar:56  from:0 till: 561
 bar:57  from:0 till: 794
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 bar:71  from:0 till: 363
 bar:72  from:0 till: 174
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 bar:81  from:0 till: 295
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 bar:83  from:0 till: 70.7
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 bar:86  from:0 till: 145
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 bar:88  from:0 till: 179
 bar:89  from:0 till: 186
 bar:90  from:0 till: 168 color:darkblue # Using Descroix 2009 fig 9
 bar:91  from:0 till: 190 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 188
 bar:92  from:0 till: 139 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 139
 bar:93  from:0 till: 135 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 135
 bar:94  from:0 till: 459 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 462
 bar:95  from:0 till: 224 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 226
 bar:96  from:0 till: 200 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 202
 bar:97  from:0 till: 202 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 202
#  bar:98  from:0 till:   0 #
#  bar:99  from:0 till: 480 # guess by scaling max flow given at http://nigerhycos.abn.ne
#  bar:00  from:0 till: 330 color:darkblue # guess
#  bar:01  from:0 till: 280 # guess
#  bar:03  from:0 till: 400 # guess
#  bar:04  from:0 till: 150 # guess
&lt;/timeline&gt;
| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==

*{{citation | last=Descroix | first=L. | year=2009 | title= Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological regimes around the boundaries between Sahelian and Sudanian areas of West Africa: A synthesis | journal= [[Journal of Hydrology]] | volume=375 | issue=1–2 | pages=90–102 | doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.012 | bibcode=2009JHyd..375...90D |display-authors=etal}}.
*{{citation|last1=Fisher |first1=William |last2=Meierotto |first2=Lisa |last3=Russel |first3=Ryan |year=2001 |title=The Talo Dam Project: Projet de Mise en Valeur Des Plaines Du Moyen Bani |publisher=Clark University |url=http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726000741/http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-26 }}. Pages 30–31 contain a table dated 2003 prepared by J.R. Patenaude, giving values for the water flow in an average year (assumed to be 125&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s or 3.9&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/y).
*{{citation | editor-last=Golitzen | editor-first=Katherin George| year=2005 |title=The Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable management | publisher=World Bank | place=Washington, DC. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf }}.
*{{citation | last=Mahé | first=Gil | year=2009 | title= Surface/groundwater interactions in the Bani and Nakambe rivers, tributaries of the Niger and Volta basins, West Africa | journal=   Hydrological Sciences Journal| volume=54 | issue=4 | pages=704–712 | doi= 10.1623/hysj.54.4.704| bibcode=2009HydSJ..54..704M }}.
*{{citation | last=Meierotto | first=Lisa | year=2009 | title=The uneven geographies of transnational advocacy: The case of the Talo Dam | journal=Journal of Environmental Management | volume=90 | issue=Suppl. 3 | pages=S279–S285 | doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.024 | url=http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | accessdate=23 Apr 2013 | pmid=19008033 | bibcode=2009JEnvM..90S.279M | archive-date=7 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207082208/http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | url-status=dead }}.</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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&lt;/timeline&gt;
| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

{{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content=
&lt;timeline&gt;
#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
&lt;#

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| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==

*{{citation | last=Descroix | first=L. | year=2009 | title= Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological regimes around the boundaries between Sahelian and Sudanian areas of West Africa: A synthesis | journal= [[Journal of Hydrology]] | volume=375 | issue=1–2 | pages=90–102 | doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.012 | bibcode=2009JHyd..375...90D |display-authors=etal}}.
*{{citation|last1=Fisher |first1=William |last2=Meierotto |first2=Lisa |last3=Russel |first3=Ryan |year=2001 |title=The Talo Dam Project: Projet de Mise en Valeur Des Plaines Du Moyen Bani |publisher=Clark University |url=http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726000741/http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-26 }}. Pages 30–31 contain a table dated 2003 prepared by J.R. Patenaude, giving values for the water flow in an average year (assumed to be 125&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s or 3.9&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/y).
*{{citation | editor-last=Golitzen | editor-first=Katherin George| year=2005 |title=The Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable management | publisher=World Bank | place=Washington, DC. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf }}.
*{{citation | last=Mahé | first=Gil | year=2009 | title= Surface/groundwater interactions in the Bani and Nakambe rivers, tributaries of the Niger and Volta basins, West Africa | journal=   Hydrological Sciences Journal| volume=54 | issue=4 | pages=704–712 | doi= 10.1623/hysj.54.4.704| bibcode=2009HydSJ..54..704M }}.
*{{citation | last=Meierotto | first=Lisa | year=2009 | title=The uneven geographies of transnational advocacy: The case of the Talo Dam | journal=Journal of Environmental Management | volume=90 | issue=Suppl. 3 | pages=S279–S285 | doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.024 | url=http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | accessdate=23 Apr 2013 | pmid=19008033 | bibcode=2009JEnvM..90S.279M | archive-date=7 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207082208/http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | url-status=dead }}.
*{{citation | editor1-last=Zwarts | editor1-first=Leo | editor2-last=van Beukering | editor2-first=Pieter | editor3-last=Kone | editor3-first=Bakary | editor4-last=Wymenga | editor4-first=Eddy | year=2005 | title=The Niger, a lifeline: Effective water management in the Upper Niger Basin | publisher=Altenburg &amp; Wymenga | place=Veenwouden, the Netherlands | isbn=90-807150-6-9 | url=http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf | access-date=2011-02-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143543/http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf | archive-date=2011-07-24 | url-status=dead }}. Also published in French with the title  &quot;Le Niger: une Artère vitale. Gestion efficace de l’eau dans le bassin du Haut Niger&quot;.</text>
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{{Short description|River in Mali}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
[[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|A satellite photo of the Bani. The town of [[San, Mali|San]] lies to the south of the river near the centre of the image. The Talo dam is near the edge on the left hand side.]]
&lt;!-- Bani River flow--&gt;
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Bani River at Douna
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| caption = Average monthly flow (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrometric station over the period 1922–1994.&lt;ref name=douna&gt;The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from [[Ségou]] to [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Data from [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bani Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti  [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;Bani means &quot;little river&quot; in [[Mande languages]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Banoule mini Bagoe mɔɣa kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiyobu ka chɛ [[Bamako]] ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri  Niger mɔɣili din miri Mopti. Di waɣilim nyɛla {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Bani Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi dibaa ata: Baoulé din nyɛ din piligi miri Odienne din be Côte d'Ivoire ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bougouni, Bagoe mɔɣili din piligi miri Boundiali din be [[Côte d'Ivoire]] n-ti pahi Banifing-Lotio din kom zɔri chani nti luri Sikasso.&lt;!-- confusingly the IGN 1:200000 map has at least 3 rivers in southern Mali called Banifing--&gt;

Lala yaɣili ŋɔ ni nyari sa'kom shɛm yuuni puuni nyɛla din waliwali , wulilluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Côte d'Ivoire nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni ka di wulinpuhili polo zaŋ labi Douna&lt;ref name=douna /&gt; nyɛ din nyari sa'kom kamani  {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} yuuni puuni.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn|Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Bin din gbaai yuuni 1965 zaŋ chaŋ 1995, lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din daa nya sa'kom kamani {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Saa mibu nyɛla yim yuuni puuni amaa ka leei tooi miri bin din gbaai Silimiin goli May mini Silimiin goli October sunsuuni. Saha shɛŋa saa nyɛla din miri pampam lala yaɣili ŋɔ Silimiin goli August.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}}

==Talo Dam==
Yuuni 2006, bɛ nyɛla ban daa gbi Talo mɔɣ'bila ni di sɔŋdi pukpariba ban be lala yaɣili ŋɔ bɛ kparilim di gbaai bahindi tiŋ yuli booni San. Pɔi ka bɛ daa gbi lala mɔɣili ŋɔ lala yaɣa maa nyɛla din daa tooi deeri kom ka tahiri ko'kpɛɣu na, din daa na yoli tahi ko'kpɛɣu na yuuni shɛli nyɛ yuuni 1967. Lala mɔɣ'bila maa nyɛla din be kilomitanima pihinahi ni ata nudirigu zuɣu ka chɛ San, kilomitanima pihiyobu ni ayobu ka chɛ Douna ka di waɣilim lahi nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pia ka chɛ Djenne.&lt;ref&gt;The dam is located at {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu nyɛla din daa tahi yɛligola na.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} Ninvuɣ shɛba ban lihiri tiŋgbani saɣimbi yaɣili nyɛla ban daa galim ka fee [[African Development Bank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}&lt;/ref&gt; pirinla bɛ daa sɔŋ lala mɔɣili maa gbibu zuɣu.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}}

Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ nyɛla {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka di waɣilim nyɛ {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} , di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} . Lala ko'shɛli di ni tooi deegi Ŋɔ nyɛla din zani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 1.3% ko'shɛli din yirir di puuni.&lt;ref&gt;A flow of {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} corresponds to {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} per year. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} is equivalent to {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dnh&gt;{{citation|year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Djenné Dam==
Silimiin goli May yuuni 2009, African Development Bank nyɛla ban daa deegi mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu ni bɛ gbi li ka di sɔŋdi pukpariba bɛ kparilim ka bɛ daa gbi li Bani mini Soala, tiŋkpaŋ din be kamani kilomitanima pinaayi ka chɛ Djenné.&lt;ref&gt;The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2009 | title= Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher= African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ gbibu liɣiri  US$66 miliyɔŋ nyɛla laɣa shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ yuma ayobu n yo, lala liɣiri maa puuni ka bɛ daa zaŋ gbi mɔɣ'bila Sankarani mɔɣili ni din miri Kourouba mini Talo yɛligi pahi. Djenné mɔɣ'bila nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom kamani  {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} n gari  Talo mɔɣ'bila.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Di nyɛla din daa sɔŋ gu ka taɣiri ko'kpɛɣu 14,000&amp;nbsp; yikanima zaŋ n-ti Pondori floodplain (lala mɔɣ'bila ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ka leei nyɛ din be Djenné wulinluhili), lala polo maa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli kɔri shinkaafa ka daa lahi pahi yikanima 5000

Lala niŋsim maa nyɛla din sɔŋ lahi gu ka taɣi ko'kpɛɣu din daa tooi niŋdi Inland Niger Delta yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Mopti.{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} 

{{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content=
&lt;timeline&gt;
#&gt;Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax &lt;#

#&gt;Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm
Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?)
For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf
using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990
&lt;#

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#&gt;Define bars with labels under &lt;#
 bar:51 text:1951
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 bar:91
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#&gt;Draw bars &lt;#
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 bar:51  from:0 till: 791
 bar:52  from:0 till: 825
 bar:53  from:0 till: 834
 bar:54  from:0 till: 906
 bar:55  from:0 till: 854
 bar:56  from:0 till: 561
 bar:57  from:0 till: 794
 bar:58  from:0 till: 791
 bar:59  from:0 till: 612
 bar:60  from:0 till: 613 color:darkblue
 bar:61  from:0 till: 642
 bar:62  from:0 till: 552
 bar:63  from:0 till: 516
 bar:64  from:0 till: 827
 bar:65  from:0 till: 596
 bar:66  from:0 till: 548
 bar:67  from:0 till: 737
 bar:68  from:0 till: 466
 bar:69  from:0 till: 538
 bar:70  from:0 till: 526 color:darkblue
 bar:71  from:0 till: 363
 bar:72  from:0 till: 174
 bar:73  from:0 till: 162
 bar:74  from:0 till: 311
 bar:75  from:0 till: 357
 bar:76  from:0 till: 241
 bar:77  from:0 till: 167
 bar:78  from:0 till: 217
 bar:79  from:0 till: 257
 bar:80  from:0 till: 214 color:darkblue
 bar:81  from:0 till: 295
 bar:82  from:0 till: 164
 bar:83  from:0 till: 70.7
 bar:84  from:0 till: 113
 bar:85  from:0 till: 175
 bar:86  from:0 till: 145
 bar:87  from:0 till: 135
 bar:88  from:0 till: 179
 bar:89  from:0 till: 186
 bar:90  from:0 till: 168 color:darkblue # Using Descroix 2009 fig 9
 bar:91  from:0 till: 190 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 188
 bar:92  from:0 till: 139 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 139
 bar:93  from:0 till: 135 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 135
 bar:94  from:0 till: 459 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 462
 bar:95  from:0 till: 224 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 226
 bar:96  from:0 till: 200 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 202
 bar:97  from:0 till: 202 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 202
#  bar:98  from:0 till:   0 #
#  bar:99  from:0 till: 480 # guess by scaling max flow given at http://nigerhycos.abn.ne
#  bar:00  from:0 till: 330 color:darkblue # guess
#  bar:01  from:0 till: 280 # guess
#  bar:03  from:0 till: 400 # guess
#  bar:04  from:0 till: 150 # guess
&lt;/timeline&gt;
| caption = Average annual flow of the Bani River (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s) at the Douna hydrographic station&lt;ref&gt;Data from several sources. For 1951-1980 taken from {{citation
 |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme 
 |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 
 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165915/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm 
 |archivedate=2016-03-03 
}}. For 1981-1989 taken from {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. For 1990 taken from {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. For 1991-1997 taken from {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


== Kundivihira ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==

*{{citation | last=Descroix | first=L. | year=2009 | title= Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological regimes around the boundaries between Sahelian and Sudanian areas of West Africa: A synthesis | journal= [[Journal of Hydrology]] | volume=375 | issue=1–2 | pages=90–102 | doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.012 | bibcode=2009JHyd..375...90D |display-authors=etal}}.
*{{citation|last1=Fisher |first1=William |last2=Meierotto |first2=Lisa |last3=Russel |first3=Ryan |year=2001 |title=The Talo Dam Project: Projet de Mise en Valeur Des Plaines Du Moyen Bani |publisher=Clark University |url=http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726000741/http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-26 }}. Pages 30–31 contain a table dated 2003 prepared by J.R. Patenaude, giving values for the water flow in an average year (assumed to be 125&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s or 3.9&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/y).
*{{citation | editor-last=Golitzen | editor-first=Katherin George| year=2005 |title=The Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable management | publisher=World Bank | place=Washington, DC. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf }}.
*{{citation | last=Mahé | first=Gil | year=2009 | title= Surface/groundwater interactions in the Bani and Nakambe rivers, tributaries of the Niger and Volta basins, West Africa | journal=   Hydrological Sciences Journal| volume=54 | issue=4 | pages=704–712 | doi= 10.1623/hysj.54.4.704| bibcode=2009HydSJ..54..704M }}.
*{{citation | last=Meierotto | first=Lisa | year=2009 | title=The uneven geographies of transnational advocacy: The case of the Talo Dam | journal=Journal of Environmental Management | volume=90 | issue=Suppl. 3 | pages=S279–S285 | doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.024 | url=http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | accessdate=23 Apr 2013 | pmid=19008033 | bibcode=2009JEnvM..90S.279M | archive-date=7 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207082208/http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | url-status=dead }}.
*{{citation | editor1-last=Zwarts | editor1-first=Leo | editor2-last=van Beukering | editor2-first=Pieter | editor3-last=Kone | editor3-first=Bakary | editor4-last=Wymenga | editor4-first=Eddy | year=2005 | title=The Niger, a lifeline: Effective water management in the Upper Niger Basin | publisher=Altenburg &amp; Wymenga | place=Veenwouden, the Netherlands | isbn=90-807150-6-9 | url=http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf | access-date=2011-02-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143543/http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf | archive-date=2011-07-24 | url-status=dead }}. Also published in French with the title  &quot;Le Niger: une Artère vitale. Gestion efficace de l’eau dans le bassin du Haut Niger&quot;.

[[Category:Bani River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mɔɣa din be Burkina Faso yuya</title>
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[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River]] (Pendjari River)
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]</text>
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      <comment>Kalakpagh chama yaɣili [[List of rivers of Burkina Faso]] to [[Mɔɣa zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso yuya]]</comment>
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[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River]] (Pendjari River)
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]</text>
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[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]]  (Pendjari Mɔɣili )
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]</text>
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{{short description|None}}

[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]]  (Pendjari Mɔɣili )
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]</text>
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{{short description|None}}

[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]]  (Pendjari Mɔɣili )
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]
**[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River)
***[[Bougouriba River]]
***[[Sourou River]]
**[[White Volta]] (Nakambé)
***[[Kulpawn River]]
****[[Sisili River]]
***[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon)
*''Niger River (Niger)''  [[File:Beli MS0792.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Béli River in the rainy season]]
**[[Mékrou River]]
**[[Tapoa River]]
**[[Goroubi River]]
**[[Sirba River]]
**[[Béli River]]
**''[[Bani River]] (Mali)''
***[[Banifing River]]

==References==
&lt;References /&gt;
*[https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/burkina.pdf United Nations, 2004]
*[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html  GEOnet Names Server]

{{Commons category|Rivers of Burkina Faso}}
{{Africa topic|List of rivers of}}
{{Burkina Faso topics}}

[[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso|*]]
[[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Lists of landforms of Burkina Faso|Rivers]]</text>
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{{short description|None}}

[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]]  (Pendjari Mɔɣili )
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]
**[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River)
***[[Bougouriba River]]
***[[Sourou River]]
**[[White Volta]] (Nakambé)
***[[Kulpawn River|Kulpawn Mɔɣili]] 
****[[Sisili River|Sisili Mɔɣili]] 
***[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon)
*''Niger River (Niger)''  [[File:Beli MS0792.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Béli River in the rainy season]]
**[[Mékrou River]]
**[[Tapoa River]]
**[[Goroubi River]]
**[[Sirba River]]
**[[Béli River]]
**''[[Bani River]] (Mali)''
***[[Banifing River]]

==References==
&lt;References /&gt;
*[https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/burkina.pdf United Nations, 2004]
*[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html  GEOnet Names Server]

{{Commons category|Rivers of Burkina Faso}}
{{Africa topic|List of rivers of}}
{{Burkina Faso topics}}

[[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso|*]]
[[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Lists of landforms of Burkina Faso|Rivers]]</text>
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      <comment>Kalakpagh chama yaɣili [[Mɔɣa zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso yuya]] to [[Mɔɣa din be Burkina Faso yuya]]</comment>
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[[File:Un-burkina-faso.png|thumb|Map of Burkina Faso with main rivers]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla Mɔɣa shɛŋa din be '''Burkina Faso yuya'''. [[Burkina Faso]] nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'kara ata&amp;nbsp;—  [[Black Volta]],  [[Red Volta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n-ti pahi [[White Volta]].&lt;ref name=Haggett&gt;{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | title = Encyclopedia of world geography, Volume 17
  | publisher = [[Marshall Cavendish]]
  | date = 2002
  | location = 
  | pages = 2321
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pR1Pszc1mVgC
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn =0-7614-7306-8 }}
&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋ'shɛli din miri lala mɔɣa nyɛla din tooi mali sakori.&lt;ref name=Haggett /&gt; Mɔɣa ŋɔyuya maa nyɛla din pi doli taba

==[[Gulf of Guinea]]==
[[Image:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|right|200px|The Volta river system]]
*[[Komoé River]]
**[[Iringou River]]
**[[Léraba River]]
*''Volta River (Ghana)''
**[[Oti River|Oti Mɔɣili]]  (Pendjari Mɔɣili )
***[[Koulpéolgo River]]
**[[Black Volta]] (Mouhoun River)
***[[Bougouriba River]]
***[[Sourou River]]
**[[White Volta]] (Nakambé)
***[[Kulpawn River|Kulpawn Mɔɣili]] 
****[[Sisili River|Sisili Mɔɣili]] 
***[[Red Volta]] (Nazinon)
*''Niger River (Niger)''  [[File:Beli MS0792.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Béli River in the rainy season]]
**[[Mékrou River]]
**[[Tapoa River]]
**[[Goroubi River]]
**[[Sirba River]]
**[[Béli River]]
**''[[Bani River]] (Mali)''
***[[Banifing River]]

==References==
&lt;References /&gt;
*[https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/burkina.pdf United Nations, 2004]
*[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html  GEOnet Names Server]

{{Commons category|Rivers of Burkina Faso}}
{{Africa topic|List of rivers of}}
{{Burkina Faso topics}}

[[Category:Rivers of Burkina Faso|*]]
[[Category:Lists of rivers by country|Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Lists of landforms of Burkina Faso|Rivers]]</text>
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        <id>226</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Fixing double redirect from [[Mɔɣa zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso yuya]] to [[Mɔɣa din be Burkina Faso yuya]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="45" sha1="96ck1f5symjgbrmp28maa94l7j5q4me" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Mɔɣa din be Burkina Faso yuya]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T15:58:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kalakpagh chama yaɣili [[Mɔɣa zaŋ n-ti Burkina Faso yuya]] to [[Mɔɣa din be Burkina Faso yuya]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Senegal River</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33470</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141096</id>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="1237" sha1="1lm24r4pfjj9qufal3f5f68cynrkdss" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.</text>
      <sha1>1lm24r4pfjj9qufal3f5f68cynrkdss</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>141097</id>
      <parentid>141096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:05:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>141097</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2514" sha1="rbtul5r52xuuukehabuxjscopgx1atc" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>141098</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:06:20Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="4225" sha1="02kjmpapd3vef07lvbc795vx3azdmv5" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4225" sha1="aax5jmv4io5cv4n19xr7avertptj949" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4814" sha1="iojv09qytjkrpp7cl6htsa76rsf1022" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.</text>
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      <text bytes="6810" sha1="dlaq85y4mn6q9rof0sip0rtms4u7tgl" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Arab sources ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6820" sha1="o0x18qconf8hp930npkrg1oqqhr27xm" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="7529" sha1="m142yc48wwepdy7f57u6h9ggxxjielv" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8538" sha1="sbi43xi626w8uj3jvfonv5h434muqhg" xml:space="preserve">'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Economic Importance ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Economic Importance ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hydropower generation ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== References ==
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== References ==
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== References ==
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])
* {{cite book |last1=Cooley |first1=W. D. |author1-link=William Desborough Cooley |title=The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained; or, An inquiry into the early history and geography of Central Africa |date=1841 |publisher=Arrowsmith |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* Delafosse, M. (1912) ''Haut-Sénégal-Niger''. 3 vols, Paris: Emil Larose.
* Hrbek, I. (1992) ''Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century''. University of California Press.
* [[Nehemia Levtzion|Levtzion, N.]] (1973) ''Ancient Ghana and Mali'' London: Methuen
* Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins, editors, (2000) ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
* [[Leo Africanus]] (1526) ''Descrittione dell' Africa, &amp; delle cose notabili che lui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano'' &quot;Descrittione dell’Africa&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''.  English trans. 1896, as ''The History and Description of Africa, and of the notable things therein contained''. London: Haklyut. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 vol. 1]</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])
* {{cite book |last1=Cooley |first1=W. D. |author1-link=William Desborough Cooley |title=The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained; or, An inquiry into the early history and geography of Central Africa |date=1841 |publisher=Arrowsmith |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* Delafosse, M. (1912) ''Haut-Sénégal-Niger''. 3 vols, Paris: Emil Larose.
* Hrbek, I. (1992) ''Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century''. University of California Press.
* [[Nehemia Levtzion|Levtzion, N.]] (1973) ''Ancient Ghana and Mali'' London: Methuen
* Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins, editors, (2000) ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
* [[Leo Africanus]] (1526) ''Descrittione dell' Africa, &amp; delle cose notabili che lui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano'' &quot;Descrittione dell’Africa&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''.  English trans. 1896, as ''The History and Description of Africa, and of the notable things therein contained''. London: Haklyut. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 vol. 1]
* {{cite book |last1=Major |first1=Richard Henry |title= The Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator: and their results; being the narrative of the discovery by sea, within one century, of more than half the world |date=1868 |publisher=S. Low, Marston, Searle, &amp; Rivington |location=London |edition=1877 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrkEAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* [[Luis de Marmol Carvajal]] (1573) ''Primera Parte de la Descripción General de Áffrica, con todos los successos de guerras que a auido entre los infieles, ye el pueblo Christiano, y entre ellos mesmos, desde que Mahoma inueto su secta, hasta el año del señor 1571.'' Granada: Rabut.
* {{cite journal |last1=Mauny |first1=R. |title=Tableau géographique de l'ouest africain au moyen-âge d' après les sources écrites, la tradition et l'archéologie |journal=Mémoire de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire |date=1961 |volume=  61 |location=Dakar |url= |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal |last1=McIntosh |first1=Susan Keech |title=A Reconsideration of the Wangara/Palolus Island of Gold |journal=Journal of African History |date=April 1981 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–158 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001937X |s2cid=162961695 |url= |access-date= |language=en |issn=1469-5138}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title= l'Islam Noir |date=1964 |publisher=Edit. du Seuil |location=Paris |isbn=978-2020024624 |edition=  |language=fr}}</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])
* {{cite book |last1=Cooley |first1=W. D. |author1-link=William Desborough Cooley |title=The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained; or, An inquiry into the early history and geography of Central Africa |date=1841 |publisher=Arrowsmith |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* Delafosse, M. (1912) ''Haut-Sénégal-Niger''. 3 vols, Paris: Emil Larose.
* Hrbek, I. (1992) ''Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century''. University of California Press.
* [[Nehemia Levtzion|Levtzion, N.]] (1973) ''Ancient Ghana and Mali'' London: Methuen
* Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins, editors, (2000) ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
* [[Leo Africanus]] (1526) ''Descrittione dell' Africa, &amp; delle cose notabili che lui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano'' &quot;Descrittione dell’Africa&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''.  English trans. 1896, as ''The History and Description of Africa, and of the notable things therein contained''. London: Haklyut. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 vol. 1]
* {{cite book |last1=Major |first1=Richard Henry |title= The Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator: and their results; being the narrative of the discovery by sea, within one century, of more than half the world |date=1868 |publisher=S. Low, Marston, Searle, &amp; Rivington |location=London |edition=1877 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrkEAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* [[Luis de Marmol Carvajal]] (1573) ''Primera Parte de la Descripción General de Áffrica, con todos los successos de guerras que a auido entre los infieles, ye el pueblo Christiano, y entre ellos mesmos, desde que Mahoma inueto su secta, hasta el año del señor 1571.'' Granada: Rabut.
* {{cite journal |last1=Mauny |first1=R. |title=Tableau géographique de l'ouest africain au moyen-âge d' après les sources écrites, la tradition et l'archéologie |journal=Mémoire de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire |date=1961 |volume=  61 |location=Dakar |url= |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal |last1=McIntosh |first1=Susan Keech |title=A Reconsideration of the Wangara/Palolus Island of Gold |journal=Journal of African History |date=April 1981 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–158 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001937X |s2cid=162961695 |url= |access-date= |language=en |issn=1469-5138}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title= l'Islam Noir |date=1964 |publisher=Edit. du Seuil |location=Paris |isbn=978-2020024624 |edition=  |language=fr}}
*  {{cite journal |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title=al-Bakri (Cordoue, 1068) - Routier de l'Afrique blanche et noire du Nord-Ouest: Traduction nouvelle de seize chapitres, sur le MS arabe 17 Bd PSS/902 du British Museum |journal=Bulletin de l'Ifan |date=1968 |volume=30 |issue= |pages=39–116 |doi= |url= |access-date=}}
* A Phérotée de La Croix (1688) ''Relation universelle de l'Afrique, ancienne et moderne'' Alyon: Amaulry
* [[Pliny the Elder]] (c. 30 AD) ''Naturalis Historiae''.  [1855 edition, [[John Bostock (physician)|John Bostock]] and [[Henry Thomas Riley]] transl. ''The Natural History of Pliny''. London: H.G. Bohn. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR23 vol 1.] (Bks I - V)
* {{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=P. E. |title= Prince Henry 'the Navigator': a life |date=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Conn |isbn=9780300091304 |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300091304/prince-henry-navigator/ |access-date=}}
* [[Livio Sanuto]] (1588) ''Geografia di M. Livio Sanvto distinta in XII libri. Ne' quali, oltra l'esplicatione di molti luoghi di Tolomeo e della Bussola, e dell' Aguglia; si dichiarano le Provincie, Popoli, Regni, Città; Porti, Monti, Fiumi, Laghi, e Costumi dell' Africa. Con XII tavole di essa Africa in dissegno di rame. Aggiuntivi de piu tre Indici da M. Giovan Carlo Saraceni'', Venice: Damiano Zenaro.
* {{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=Heinrich |title=The Fra Mauro Portolan chart in the Vatican |journal=Imago Mundi |date=January 1962 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–28 |doi=10.1080/03085696208592198 |jstor=1150299 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1150299 |access-date= |language=en |issn=0308-5694|url-access=subscription }}
* [[Gomes Eanes de Zurara]] (1453) ''Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique'' or ''Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné''. [Trans. 1896-99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea'', London: Haklyut, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sd9BAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 v.1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1RpzAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PP9 v.2]
*{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;
*Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;5</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])
* {{cite book |last1=Cooley |first1=W. D. |author1-link=William Desborough Cooley |title=The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained; or, An inquiry into the early history and geography of Central Africa |date=1841 |publisher=Arrowsmith |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* Delafosse, M. (1912) ''Haut-Sénégal-Niger''. 3 vols, Paris: Emil Larose.
* Hrbek, I. (1992) ''Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century''. University of California Press.
* [[Nehemia Levtzion|Levtzion, N.]] (1973) ''Ancient Ghana and Mali'' London: Methuen
* Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins, editors, (2000) ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
* [[Leo Africanus]] (1526) ''Descrittione dell' Africa, &amp; delle cose notabili che lui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano'' &quot;Descrittione dell’Africa&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''.  English trans. 1896, as ''The History and Description of Africa, and of the notable things therein contained''. London: Haklyut. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 vol. 1]
* {{cite book |last1=Major |first1=Richard Henry |title= The Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator: and their results; being the narrative of the discovery by sea, within one century, of more than half the world |date=1868 |publisher=S. Low, Marston, Searle, &amp; Rivington |location=London |edition=1877 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrkEAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* [[Luis de Marmol Carvajal]] (1573) ''Primera Parte de la Descripción General de Áffrica, con todos los successos de guerras que a auido entre los infieles, ye el pueblo Christiano, y entre ellos mesmos, desde que Mahoma inueto su secta, hasta el año del señor 1571.'' Granada: Rabut.
* {{cite journal |last1=Mauny |first1=R. |title=Tableau géographique de l'ouest africain au moyen-âge d' après les sources écrites, la tradition et l'archéologie |journal=Mémoire de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire |date=1961 |volume=  61 |location=Dakar |url= |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal |last1=McIntosh |first1=Susan Keech |title=A Reconsideration of the Wangara/Palolus Island of Gold |journal=Journal of African History |date=April 1981 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–158 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001937X |s2cid=162961695 |url= |access-date= |language=en |issn=1469-5138}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title= l'Islam Noir |date=1964 |publisher=Edit. du Seuil |location=Paris |isbn=978-2020024624 |edition=  |language=fr}}
*  {{cite journal |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title=al-Bakri (Cordoue, 1068) - Routier de l'Afrique blanche et noire du Nord-Ouest: Traduction nouvelle de seize chapitres, sur le MS arabe 17 Bd PSS/902 du British Museum |journal=Bulletin de l'Ifan |date=1968 |volume=30 |issue= |pages=39–116 |doi= |url= |access-date=}}
* A Phérotée de La Croix (1688) ''Relation universelle de l'Afrique, ancienne et moderne'' Alyon: Amaulry
* [[Pliny the Elder]] (c. 30 AD) ''Naturalis Historiae''.  [1855 edition, [[John Bostock (physician)|John Bostock]] and [[Henry Thomas Riley]] transl. ''The Natural History of Pliny''. London: H.G. Bohn. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR23 vol 1.] (Bks I - V)
* {{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=P. E. |title= Prince Henry 'the Navigator': a life |date=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Conn |isbn=9780300091304 |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300091304/prince-henry-navigator/ |access-date=}}
* [[Livio Sanuto]] (1588) ''Geografia di M. Livio Sanvto distinta in XII libri. Ne' quali, oltra l'esplicatione di molti luoghi di Tolomeo e della Bussola, e dell' Aguglia; si dichiarano le Provincie, Popoli, Regni, Città; Porti, Monti, Fiumi, Laghi, e Costumi dell' Africa. Con XII tavole di essa Africa in dissegno di rame. Aggiuntivi de piu tre Indici da M. Giovan Carlo Saraceni'', Venice: Damiano Zenaro.
* {{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=Heinrich |title=The Fra Mauro Portolan chart in the Vatican |journal=Imago Mundi |date=January 1962 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–28 |doi=10.1080/03085696208592198 |jstor=1150299 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1150299 |access-date= |language=en |issn=0308-5694|url-access=subscription }}
* [[Gomes Eanes de Zurara]] (1453) ''Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique'' or ''Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné''. [Trans. 1896-99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea'', London: Haklyut, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sd9BAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 v.1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1RpzAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PP9 v.2]
*{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;
*Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;5</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])
* {{cite book |last1=Cooley |first1=W. D. |author1-link=William Desborough Cooley |title=The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained; or, An inquiry into the early history and geography of Central Africa |date=1841 |publisher=Arrowsmith |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* Delafosse, M. (1912) ''Haut-Sénégal-Niger''. 3 vols, Paris: Emil Larose.
* Hrbek, I. (1992) ''Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century''. University of California Press.
* [[Nehemia Levtzion|Levtzion, N.]] (1973) ''Ancient Ghana and Mali'' London: Methuen
* Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins, editors, (2000) ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
* [[Leo Africanus]] (1526) ''Descrittione dell' Africa, &amp; delle cose notabili che lui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano'' &quot;Descrittione dell’Africa&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''.  English trans. 1896, as ''The History and Description of Africa, and of the notable things therein contained''. London: Haklyut. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 vol. 1]
* {{cite book |last1=Major |first1=Richard Henry |title= The Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator: and their results; being the narrative of the discovery by sea, within one century, of more than half the world |date=1868 |publisher=S. Low, Marston, Searle, &amp; Rivington |location=London |edition=1877 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrkEAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* [[Luis de Marmol Carvajal]] (1573) ''Primera Parte de la Descripción General de Áffrica, con todos los successos de guerras que a auido entre los infieles, ye el pueblo Christiano, y entre ellos mesmos, desde que Mahoma inueto su secta, hasta el año del señor 1571.'' Granada: Rabut.
* {{cite journal |last1=Mauny |first1=R. |title=Tableau géographique de l'ouest africain au moyen-âge d' après les sources écrites, la tradition et l'archéologie |journal=Mémoire de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire |date=1961 |volume=  61 |location=Dakar |url= |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal |last1=McIntosh |first1=Susan Keech |title=A Reconsideration of the Wangara/Palolus Island of Gold |journal=Journal of African History |date=April 1981 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–158 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001937X |s2cid=162961695 |url= |access-date= |language=en |issn=1469-5138}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title= l'Islam Noir |date=1964 |publisher=Edit. du Seuil |location=Paris |isbn=978-2020024624 |edition=  |language=fr}}
*  {{cite journal |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title=al-Bakri (Cordoue, 1068) - Routier de l'Afrique blanche et noire du Nord-Ouest: Traduction nouvelle de seize chapitres, sur le MS arabe 17 Bd PSS/902 du British Museum |journal=Bulletin de l'Ifan |date=1968 |volume=30 |issue= |pages=39–116 |doi= |url= |access-date=}}
* A Phérotée de La Croix (1688) ''Relation universelle de l'Afrique, ancienne et moderne'' Alyon: Amaulry
* [[Pliny the Elder]] (c. 30 AD) ''Naturalis Historiae''.  [1855 edition, [[John Bostock (physician)|John Bostock]] and [[Henry Thomas Riley]] transl. ''The Natural History of Pliny''. London: H.G. Bohn. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR23 vol 1.] (Bks I - V)
* {{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=P. E. |title= Prince Henry 'the Navigator': a life |date=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Conn |isbn=9780300091304 |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300091304/prince-henry-navigator/ |access-date=}}
* [[Livio Sanuto]] (1588) ''Geografia di M. Livio Sanvto distinta in XII libri. Ne' quali, oltra l'esplicatione di molti luoghi di Tolomeo e della Bussola, e dell' Aguglia; si dichiarano le Provincie, Popoli, Regni, Città; Porti, Monti, Fiumi, Laghi, e Costumi dell' Africa. Con XII tavole di essa Africa in dissegno di rame. Aggiuntivi de piu tre Indici da M. Giovan Carlo Saraceni'', Venice: Damiano Zenaro.
* {{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=Heinrich |title=The Fra Mauro Portolan chart in the Vatican |journal=Imago Mundi |date=January 1962 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–28 |doi=10.1080/03085696208592198 |jstor=1150299 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1150299 |access-date= |language=en |issn=0308-5694|url-access=subscription }}
* [[Gomes Eanes de Zurara]] (1453) ''Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique'' or ''Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné''. [Trans. 1896-99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea'', London: Haklyut, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sd9BAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 v.1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1RpzAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PP9 v.2]
*{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;
*Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;5
*Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p.&amp;nbsp;63
*Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp.&amp;nbsp;209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}
*Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p.&amp;nbsp;23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}
*Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p.&amp;nbsp;367. Cambridge University Press (1969)
*Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p.&amp;nbsp;11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}</text>
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'''Senegal Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|srr|&quot;Seen O Gal&quot;}} or &quot;Senegal&quot; -bachi maa yi laɣim taba &amp;nbsp;[[Serer people|Serer]] bachi  &quot;Seen&quot; rbee &quot;Sene&quot; bee &quot;Sen&quot; (di nyɛla din yina &amp;nbsp;[[Roog|Roog Seen]], din be&amp;nbsp;[[Serer religion]]) mini &quot;O Gal&quot; (ka di gbuuni nyɛ &quot;niŋgbana zaŋ n-ti kom&quot;)); {{langx|wo|Dexug Senegaal}}, {{langx|ar|نهر السنغال|Nahr as-Siniġāl}}, {{IPA|mey|nahrˤ əs.säjnigaːl}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Sénégal}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima 1,086 din be [[West Africa]]; waɣilim ŋɔ shɛli nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni [[Senegal]] mini [[Mauritania]] tiŋgbana tarisi. Di nyɛla di ni tooi deegi kom paai kamani {{Convert|270,000|km2|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} ka nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{Convert|680|m3/s|abbr=on}}, yuuni puuni ko'shɛli din tooi yiri di puuni nyɛla {{Convert|21.5|km3|abbr=on}}. Mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Faleme mɔɣili, [[Karakoro River]] n-ti pahi [[Gorgol River]]. Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi buyi din kana nti gari Kaedi luɣ'shɛli maa. Di nuzaa zuɣu di ni maa nyɛ Doue ka di nyɛ din zɔri mɔɣ'titali ŋɔ tibi kpari wulinpuhili polo. Kilomitanima kɔbishii nyaaŋa lala mɔɣ'bihi ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din labi chirigi taba tiŋ yuli booni Podor.

Yuuni 1972 [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] n-ti pahi [[Senegal]] nyɛla ban daa piligi [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS) ni di lihiri mɔɣili ŋɔ zuɣu. [[Guinea]] nyɛla ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu yuuni 2005. Bin din gbaai yuuni 2012, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din daa nyɛ soli ka niriba mini neema baari garita.  OMVS nyɛla ban daa zahindi kulibɔŋ bila kamani mitanima pihinu ni anu gbibu  Ambidedi din be Mali mini Saint-Louis sunsuuni, waɣilim din nyɛ kilomitanima kɔbisiwai ni anu.&lt;ref name=&quot;whycos2&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d'observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire)|url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|df=dmy-all|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf|publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)|language=fr|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--actually p3--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1812100.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0 data for Dagana].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
Lala yaɣili ŋɔ, Serer niriba nyɛ ban daa na tuui be ni ka bɛ adiini daa nyɛ musulinsi adiini tum 11th century ka lala zuɣu chɛ ka Serer niriba be wulinluhili polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Villalón2006p54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;51&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp. 209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p. 23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.,; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p. 367. Cambridge University Press (1969)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p. 11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ bɛnibu daliri nyɛla Mediterranean civilizations. Dina bee mɔɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli ''Bambotus, ban daa booni lala ŋɔ nyɛ'' [[Pliny the Elder]] ka di gbuuni nyɛ ŋamli.&lt;ref&gt;Pliny, ''Natural History'', Lib. 5, Ch.1 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA380 p. 380])&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Hanno the Navigator|Hanno the Carthaginian]] nyɛla ŋun daa kana nti kaai mɔɣili ŋɔ 450 BCE  din daa niŋ ka o yi [[Carthage]] kana nti gari [[pillars of Herakles]] n daa chaŋ [[Theon Ochema]] ([[Mount Cameroon]]?) din be Gulf zaŋ n-ti Guinea.

=== Laribawanima kundinima ===
Yuuni kurumbuni ni ha  (c. 800 CE) piligu, Senegal Mɔɣili maa daa nyɛla soli zaŋ n-ti Mediterranean dunia, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa piligi dabba dabu [[Morocco]] mini Ghana sunsuuni. Laribawa nima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa kamani [[al-Masudi]] zaŋ n-ti Baghdad (957), [[al-Bakri]] zaŋ n-ti Spain (1068) n-ti pahi [[al-Idrisi]] zaŋ n-ti Sicily (1154) nyɛla din mali taarihi shɛli din buɣisi Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;A translation of al-Bakri's 1068 account is found in Levtzion &amp; Hopkins, (2000, ''Corpus'': ([https://books.google.com/books?id=L3tNlgQmT9wC&amp;pg=PA77 p. 77]). In French, see Monteil (1968). For an attempt to reconstruct the Senegal river's course from the accounts of al-Bakri and al-Idrisi, see Cooley (1841: [https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA52 p. 52]).&lt;/ref&gt;  Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa tuui ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni Senegal Mɔɣili zuɣusaa mini [[Niger River]] zuɣusaa nyɛla din daa chirigi taba n leei mɔɣ'yini ka zɔri chani nti luri  &quot;Western Nile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Nile&quot; seems to have been applied quite early to the Senegal. During the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century, [[Ifriqiya]]n commanders launched several expeditionary raids from the [[Sous]] valley against the desert-dwelling nomadic [[Berber people|Berber]]s of [[Western Sahara]]. There is a report from an Arab commander from the 750s who claims to have reached as far south as &quot;the Nile&quot; (i.e. the Senegal). See Hrbek (1992: p.308).&lt;/ref&gt; (Achiika, Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ ni nyari kom luɣ'shɛli nyɛla din miri Niger Mɔɣili din be Mali mini Guinea.) Di nyɛla shɛba ni daa mali dihitabili ni di nyɛla [[Nile]] yaɣ'shɛli &lt;ref&gt;Geographia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13].&lt;/ref&gt; bee Biblical [[Gihon]] kulibɔŋ .&lt;ref&gt;e.g. [[Leo Africanus]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Leo%20Africanus%22%20Niger&amp;pg=PA124 p. 124]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Senegal River according to al-Bakri.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Western Nile (Senegal-Niger River) according to [[al-Bakri]] (1068)]]
Laribawanima ŋɔ ni daa ʒini luɣ'shɛŋa Abd al-Hassan Ali ibn Omar (1230), [[Ibn Said al-Maghribi]] (1274) n-ti pahi [[Abu'l-Fida|Abulfeda]] (1331) nyɛla ban booni Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ  &quot;Nile of [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]]&quot; (Nil Gana bee Nili Ganah).&lt;ref&gt;See R.H. Major (1868) ''Life of Prince Henry'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfE5AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA114 p. 114]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Palolus river (Senegal-Niger) in 1413 Mecia de Viladestes map.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Course of the &quot;River of Gold&quot;  (Senegal-Niger) in the 1413 portolan chart of [[Mecia de Viladestes]].]]

[[File:RiverSenegalNearKanel.jpg|thumb|Young boys swimming in the Senegal River]]

[[File:Guillaume Delisle Senegambia 1707.jpg| thumb | [[Senegambia]] region, detail from the map of Guillaume Delisle (1707), which still assumes the Senegal connected to the Niger; this would be corrected in subsequent edititions of Delisle's map (1722, 1727), where it was shown ending at a lake, south of the Niger.]]
== Daabilim anfaaninima ==
Senegal Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daabilim anfaaninima pam zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani shɛŋa din chirigi chirigi maa: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania n-ti pahi Senegal. Tum saha shɛli maa ha di nyɛla din daa pun mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti niriba hali ni zuŋɔ ka nyɛ din na mali:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=The World Bank |title=Senegal River Valley Development and Resilience Project |journal=World Bank Report |date=28 November 2023 |page=4 |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112823230029545/pdf/P1794490e9e591020802b03680fe96c805.pdf |access-date=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Niɣilim buɣim niŋbu ===
Mɔɣili maa nyɛ din tiri lala yaɣili ŋɔ niɣilim buɣim. Saha ŋɔ di ni mali tuma duri shɛŋa nyɛla 1460 mitanima ni [[Manantali Dam]] ka nyɛ din yaa paai kamani 200MV,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal) |url=https://riverresourcehub.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=International Rivers Resource Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Gouina Hydroelectric Plant]] (140MV) din be Mali,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cities |first=Green Building Africa-Net Carbon Zero Buildings and |date=2022-12-11 |title=Construction of 140MW Gouina Hydroelectric Plant in Mali Complete |url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/construction-of-140mw-gouina-hydroelectric-plant-in-mali-complete/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Green Building Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; mini Félou Hydroelectric Plant (62 MW).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali: Félou Regional Hydropower Project {{!}} KYOTO |url=https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/mali-felou-regional-hydropower-project |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.wbkyotofunds.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din mali sɔŋsim pam bɛ daabilim polo ka nyɛ bɛ ni lahi yɛligi shɛli  [[Koukoutamba Hydroelectric Power Station|Koukoutamba]] (294 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-18 |title=Power plant profile: Koukoutamba, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-koukoutamba-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boureya (161 MW),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-04-22 |title=Power plant profile: Boureya Hydro Power Plant, Guinea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-boureya-hydro-power-plant-guinea/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n-ti pahi Gourbassi (18 MW) niɣilim buɣim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal/Mali: CMEC to build Gourbassi hydroelectric dam {{!}} African Energy |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/senegalmali-cmec-build-gourbassi-hydroelectric-dam |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lihimi m pahi ==

* [[Futa Toro]]

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Din yi shɛli na ==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Senegal (river)|volume=24 |page=639}}
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&amp;pg=PP35 Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)].
* Beazley, C.R. (1899) &quot;Introduction&quot; to vol. 2 of C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, editors, Zurara's ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea''. London: Haklyut
* {{cite book |last1=Boilat |first1=Fr. David |author1-link=David Boilat |title=Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes' |date=1853 |publisher=P. Bertrand |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfsRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA491 |access-date= |language=fr}}
* [[Alvise Cadamosto]] (1460s) &quot;Il Libro di Messer Alvise Ca da Mosto Gentilhuomo Venetiano&quot; &amp; &quot;Navigatione del Capitano Pietro di Sintra Portoghese scritta per il medesimo M. Alvise da Ca da Mosto&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA106-IA1 online] (English translation: &quot;Original Journals of the Voyages of Cada Mosto and Piedro de Cintra to the Coast of Africa, the former in the years 1455 and 1456, and the latter soon afterwards&quot;, in R. Kerr, 1811, ''A General History of Voyages and Travels to the end of the 18th century'', vol. 2, Edinburgh: Blackwood.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&amp;pg=PA200 online])
* {{cite book |last1=Cooley |first1=W. D. |author1-link=William Desborough Cooley |title=The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained; or, An inquiry into the early history and geography of Central Africa |date=1841 |publisher=Arrowsmith |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* Delafosse, M. (1912) ''Haut-Sénégal-Niger''. 3 vols, Paris: Emil Larose.
* Hrbek, I. (1992) ''Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century''. University of California Press.
* [[Nehemia Levtzion|Levtzion, N.]] (1973) ''Ancient Ghana and Mali'' London: Methuen
* Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins, editors, (2000) ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
* [[Leo Africanus]] (1526) ''Descrittione dell' Africa, &amp; delle cose notabili che lui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano'' &quot;Descrittione dell’Africa&quot;, as printed in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,&amp; infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.''.  English trans. 1896, as ''The History and Description of Africa, and of the notable things therein contained''. London: Haklyut. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rmcMAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 vol. 1]
* {{cite book |last1=Major |first1=Richard Henry |title= The Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator: and their results; being the narrative of the discovery by sea, within one century, of more than half the world |date=1868 |publisher=S. Low, Marston, Searle, &amp; Rivington |location=London |edition=1877 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrkEAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR3 |access-date= |language=en}}
* [[Luis de Marmol Carvajal]] (1573) ''Primera Parte de la Descripción General de Áffrica, con todos los successos de guerras que a auido entre los infieles, ye el pueblo Christiano, y entre ellos mesmos, desde que Mahoma inueto su secta, hasta el año del señor 1571.'' Granada: Rabut.
* {{cite journal |last1=Mauny |first1=R. |title=Tableau géographique de l'ouest africain au moyen-âge d' après les sources écrites, la tradition et l'archéologie |journal=Mémoire de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire |date=1961 |volume=  61 |location=Dakar |url= |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal |last1=McIntosh |first1=Susan Keech |title=A Reconsideration of the Wangara/Palolus Island of Gold |journal=Journal of African History |date=April 1981 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–158 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001937X |s2cid=162961695 |url= |access-date= |language=en |issn=1469-5138}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title= l'Islam Noir |date=1964 |publisher=Edit. du Seuil |location=Paris |isbn=978-2020024624 |edition=  |language=fr}}
*  {{cite journal |last1=Monteil |first1=Vincent |title=al-Bakri (Cordoue, 1068) - Routier de l'Afrique blanche et noire du Nord-Ouest: Traduction nouvelle de seize chapitres, sur le MS arabe 17 Bd PSS/902 du British Museum |journal=Bulletin de l'Ifan |date=1968 |volume=30 |issue= |pages=39–116 |doi= |url= |access-date=}}
* A Phérotée de La Croix (1688) ''Relation universelle de l'Afrique, ancienne et moderne'' Alyon: Amaulry
* [[Pliny the Elder]] (c. 30 AD) ''Naturalis Historiae''.  [1855 edition, [[John Bostock (physician)|John Bostock]] and [[Henry Thomas Riley]] transl. ''The Natural History of Pliny''. London: H.G. Bohn. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VzwZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR23 vol 1.] (Bks I - V)
* {{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=P. E. |title= Prince Henry 'the Navigator': a life |date=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Conn |isbn=9780300091304 |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300091304/prince-henry-navigator/ |access-date=}}
* [[Livio Sanuto]] (1588) ''Geografia di M. Livio Sanvto distinta in XII libri. Ne' quali, oltra l'esplicatione di molti luoghi di Tolomeo e della Bussola, e dell' Aguglia; si dichiarano le Provincie, Popoli, Regni, Città; Porti, Monti, Fiumi, Laghi, e Costumi dell' Africa. Con XII tavole di essa Africa in dissegno di rame. Aggiuntivi de piu tre Indici da M. Giovan Carlo Saraceni'', Venice: Damiano Zenaro.
* {{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=Heinrich |title=The Fra Mauro Portolan chart in the Vatican |journal=Imago Mundi |date=January 1962 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=17–28 |doi=10.1080/03085696208592198 |jstor=1150299 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1150299 |access-date= |language=en |issn=0308-5694|url-access=subscription }}
* [[Gomes Eanes de Zurara]] (1453) ''Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique'' or ''Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné''. [Trans. 1896-99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, ''The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea'', London: Haklyut, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sd9BAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP7 v.1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1RpzAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PP9 v.2]
*{{cite book|author=Villalón, Leonardo A.|title=Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFC1KUbXJ6gC&amp;pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03232-2|pages=54–55}}, Quote: &quot;Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's [[Toucouleur people|Tukulor]].&quot;
*Galvan, Dennis Charles,&amp;nbsp;''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal,'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;5
*Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth; and Lau, Ruth  (2009).&amp;nbsp;''Senegal''. Marshall Cavendish. {{ISBN|9780761444817}}, p.&amp;nbsp;63
*Page, Willie F., ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)'', pp.&amp;nbsp;209, 676. Vol.2, Facts on File (2001), {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}
*Streissguth, Thomas, &quot;Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography&quot;, Second Series, p.&amp;nbsp;23, Twenty-First Century Books (2009), {{ISBN|1-57505-951-7}}
*Oliver, Roland Anthony; &amp; Fage, J. D.; &quot;Journal of African history&quot;, Volume 10, p.&amp;nbsp;367. Cambridge University Press (1969)
*Mwakikagile, Godfrey, &quot;Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,&quot; (2010), p.&amp;nbsp;11, {{ISBN|9987-9322-2-3}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Betz |first=R. L. |year=2007 |title=The Mapping of Africa: a cartobibliography of printed maps of the African continent to 1700 |publisher=Hes &amp; de Graaf |isbn=978-90-6194-489-8 }}
* {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |year=1998 |title=West Africa Before the Colonial Era: a history to 1850 |location=London |publisher=Longman |isbn=0-582-31852-1 }}
* {{cite book |last=De la Roncière |first=Charles |year=1925 |title=La découverte de l'Afrique au moyen âge |others=2 volumes |location=Cairo |publisher=Société Royale de Géographie d'Égypte }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070629065341/http://zope0.itcilo.org/delta/lmdd2003/news/1067611432/1068825691/presentation%20ressources%20en%20eau%20senegal.ppt  The Hydrology of Senegal] ([[PowerPoint]] presentation)

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{{Authority control}}
{{Serer topics|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Senegal River}}
[[Category:Senegal River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Senegal]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mauritania–Senegal border]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Lowest points of countries]]
[[Category:Serer history]]</text>
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    <title>Karakoro River</title>
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      <text bytes="1432" sha1="4atzyoik3cw2g1kqgl9zbsylqf8lbsp" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Africa}}
'''Karakoro Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Karakoro'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Sénégal River]] di nyɛ din pahi di tarisi ni Mali mini Mauritania tiŋgbana. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi Kiffa din be [[Mauritania]] wulinpuhili. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinluhili zaŋ chaŋ Sahel n chaŋ nti gari  Mauritania pɔi ka naayi chirigi Sénégal mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu kamani kilomitanima bela zaŋ chaŋ Malinima tiŋ yuli booni Ambidedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]

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{{Mauritania-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Karakoro Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Karakoro'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Sénégal River]] di nyɛ din pahi di tarisi ni Mali mini Mauritania tiŋgbana. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi Kiffa din be [[Mauritania]] wulinpuhili. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinluhili zaŋ chaŋ Sahel n chaŋ nti gari  Mauritania pɔi ka naayi chirigi Sénégal mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu kamani kilomitanima bela zaŋ chaŋ Malinima tiŋ yuli booni Ambidedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]

{{Mali-river-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1408" sha1="0iv0a9krbejfnyxn4mn5iyia9ockbwk" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Africa}}
'''Karakoro Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Karakoro'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Sénégal River]] di nyɛ din pahi di tarisi ni Mali mini Mauritania tiŋgbana. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi Kiffa din be [[Mauritania]] wulinpuhili. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinluhili zaŋ chaŋ Sahel n chaŋ nti gari  Mauritania pɔi ka naayi chirigi Sénégal mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu kamani kilomitanima bela zaŋ chaŋ Malinima tiŋ yuli booni Ambidedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]

{{Mali-river-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1387" sha1="cszyqso3yodt3r1cxqkclttt1hg1q2p" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Africa}}
'''Karakoro Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Karakoro'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Sénégal River]] di nyɛ din pahi di tarisi ni Mali mini Mauritania tiŋgbana. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi Kiffa din be [[Mauritania]] wulinpuhili. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinluhili zaŋ chaŋ Sahel n chaŋ nti gari  Mauritania pɔi ka naayi chirigi Sénégal mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu kamani kilomitanima bela zaŋ chaŋ Malinima tiŋ yuli booni Ambidedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]</text>
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'''Karakoro Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Karakoro'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Sénégal Mɔɣili]] di nyɛ din pahi di tarisi ni Mali mini Mauritania tiŋgbana. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi Kiffa din be [[Mauritania]] wulinpuhili. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinluhili zaŋ chaŋ Sahel n chaŋ nti gari  Mauritania pɔi ka naayi chirigi Sénégal mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu kamani kilomitanima bela zaŋ chaŋ Malinima tiŋ yuli booni Ambidedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]</text>
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{{Short description|River in Africa}}
'''Karakoro Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Karakoro'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Sénégal Mɔɣili]] di nyɛ din pahi di tarisi ni Mali mini Mauritania tiŋgbana. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi Kiffa din be [[Mauritania]] wulinpuhili. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinluhili zaŋ chaŋ Sahel n chaŋ nti gari  Mauritania pɔi ka naayi chirigi Sénégal mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu kamani kilomitanima bela zaŋ chaŋ Malinima tiŋ yuli booni Ambidedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <text bytes="1849" sha1="4gbbu134etqmh7ajqydhqun925d57lp" xml:space="preserve">'''Gorgol Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Mauritania]] wulinluhili ka nyɛ mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Sénégal River]]. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Gorgol Noir (waɣilim kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiwai ni anahi), di waɣilim mi zaŋ chaŋ Gorgol Blanc mi nyɛ (kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinahi ni anu ). Gorgol Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi  Sénégal Mɔɣili tiŋ yuli booni Kaedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=5 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali anfaani pam zaŋ n-ti Mauritanian tiŋgbani daabilim ka nyɛ din chɛ ka di nyari liɣiri sɔŋsim yuuni 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Mauritania-AGRICULTURE.html Nations Encyclopedia], Retrieved June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jobin, William R., Negrón-Aponte, Henry and  Michelson, Edward H., 1976,&lt;br&gt;[http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/4/587 Schistosomiasis in the Gorgol Valley of Mauritania], Human Ecology Division, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Caparra Heights Station, Puerto Rico and Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Retrieved on June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]


{{Mauritania-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Gorgol Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Mauritania]] wulinluhili ka nyɛ mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Sénégal River]]. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din piligi miri Gorgol Noir (waɣilim kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiwai ni anahi), di waɣilim mi zaŋ chaŋ Gorgol Blanc mi nyɛ (kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinahi ni anu ). Gorgol Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi  Sénégal Mɔɣili tiŋ yuli booni Kaedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=5 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali anfaani pam zaŋ n-ti Mauritanian tiŋgbani daabilim ka nyɛ din chɛ ka di nyari liɣiri sɔŋsim yuuni 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Mauritania-AGRICULTURE.html Nations Encyclopedia], Retrieved June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jobin, William R., Negrón-Aponte, Henry and  Michelson, Edward H., 1976,&lt;br&gt;[http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/4/587 Schistosomiasis in the Gorgol Valley of Mauritania], Human Ecology Division, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Caparra Heights Station, Puerto Rico and Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Retrieved on June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]


{{Mauritania-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Gorgol Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Mauritania]] wulinluhili ka nyɛ mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] maa nyɛla din piligi miri Gorgol Noir (waɣilim kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiwai ni anahi), di waɣilim mi zaŋ chaŋ Gorgol Blanc mi nyɛ (kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinahi ni anu ). Gorgol Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi  Sénégal Mɔɣili tiŋ yuli booni Kaedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=5 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali anfaani pam zaŋ n-ti Mauritanian tiŋgbani daabilim ka nyɛ din chɛ ka di nyari liɣiri sɔŋsim yuuni 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Mauritania-AGRICULTURE.html Nations Encyclopedia], Retrieved June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jobin, William R., Negrón-Aponte, Henry and  Michelson, Edward H., 1976,&lt;br&gt;[http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/4/587 Schistosomiasis in the Gorgol Valley of Mauritania], Human Ecology Division, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Caparra Heights Station, Puerto Rico and Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Retrieved on June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]


{{Mauritania-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Gorgol Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Mauritania]] wulinluhili ka nyɛ mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] maa nyɛla din piligi miri Gorgol Noir (waɣilim kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiwai ni anahi), di waɣilim mi zaŋ chaŋ Gorgol Blanc mi nyɛ (kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinahi ni anu ). Gorgol Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi  Sénégal Mɔɣili tiŋ yuli booni Kaedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=5 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali anfaani pam zaŋ n-ti Mauritanian tiŋgbani daabilim ka nyɛ din chɛ ka di nyari liɣiri sɔŋsim yuuni 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Mauritania-AGRICULTURE.html Nations Encyclopedia], Retrieved June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jobin, William R., Negrón-Aponte, Henry and  Michelson, Edward H., 1976,&lt;br&gt;[http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/4/587 Schistosomiasis in the Gorgol Valley of Mauritania], Human Ecology Division, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Caparra Heights Station, Puerto Rico and Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Retrieved on June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]</text>
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'''Gorgol Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Mauritania]] wulinluhili ka nyɛ mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] maa nyɛla din piligi miri Gorgol Noir (waɣilim kamani kilomitanima kɔbigi ni pihiwai ni anahi), di waɣilim mi zaŋ chaŋ Gorgol Blanc mi nyɛ (kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinahi ni anu ). Gorgol Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi  Sénégal Mɔɣili tiŋ yuli booni Kaedi.&lt;ref name=hycos&gt;{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=5 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali anfaani pam zaŋ n-ti Mauritanian tiŋgbani daabilim ka nyɛ din chɛ ka di nyari liɣiri sɔŋsim yuuni 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Mauritania-AGRICULTURE.html Nations Encyclopedia], Retrieved June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jobin, William R., Negrón-Aponte, Henry and  Michelson, Edward H., 1976,&lt;br&gt;[http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/4/587 Schistosomiasis in the Gorgol Valley of Mauritania], Human Ecology Division, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Caparra Heights Station, Puerto Rico and Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Retrieved on June 11, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kolinbiné River</title>
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      <text bytes="1587" sha1="jhv3q2bvk9u4fg8jfmvad5gpzxk174j" xml:space="preserve">'''Kolinbiné Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Kolinbiné'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[West Africa]]. Di nyɛla din piligi [[Mauritania]] ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo, di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Mauritania mini [[Mali]] tiŋgbana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I.&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 406–415}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mali tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi [[Sénégal River]]  kamani kilomitanima dibaa anu ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri doli kulibɔna bihi din tooi deeri kom di yi ti niŋ ka saa mi  (Silimiin goli July zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli September). Lala kulibɔna ŋɔ puuni din galisim pam nyɛ Lake Magui din waɣilim paai kamani kilomtanima pihita bin din gbaai di wulinpuhili zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili. Lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima pihinu ni anu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes,  {{Coord|14|47|N|11|5|W}}. Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din tiri  Lake Doro kom ka lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima pihita ni anahi zaŋ chaŋ  Kayes,  wulinpuhili zaŋ n-ti RN1 soli zuɣu, {{Coord|14|30|45|N|11|7|20|W}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord| 14|25|37|N|11|23|17|W|display=title|region:ML_type:river}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolinbine River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]


{{Mali-river-stub}}
{{Mauritania-river-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1601" sha1="doos27hy4ifpngo0sg2cl5g6ygg0a59" xml:space="preserve">'''Kolinbiné Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Kolinbiné'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[West Africa]]. Di nyɛla din piligi [[Mauritania]] ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo, di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Mauritania mini [[Mali]] tiŋgbana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I.&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 406–415}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mali tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] kamani kilomitanima dibaa anu ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri doli kulibɔna bihi din tooi deeri kom di yi ti niŋ ka saa mi  (Silimiin goli July zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli September). Lala kulibɔna ŋɔ puuni din galisim pam nyɛ Lake Magui din waɣilim paai kamani kilomtanima pihita bin din gbaai di wulinpuhili zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili. Lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima pihinu ni anu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes,  {{Coord|14|47|N|11|5|W}}. Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din tiri  Lake Doro kom ka lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima pihita ni anahi zaŋ chaŋ  Kayes,  wulinpuhili zaŋ n-ti RN1 soli zuɣu, {{Coord|14|30|45|N|11|7|20|W}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord| 14|25|37|N|11|23|17|W|display=title|region:ML_type:river}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolinbine River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]


{{Mali-river-stub}}
{{Mauritania-river-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1553" sha1="7jwofdftq9bh5ia0w5sdfzx0qlkmnon" xml:space="preserve">'''Kolinbiné Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Kolinbiné'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[West Africa]]. Di nyɛla din piligi [[Mauritania]] ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo, di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Mauritania mini [[Mali]] tiŋgbana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I.&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 406–415}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mali tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] kamani kilomitanima dibaa anu ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri doli kulibɔna bihi din tooi deeri kom di yi ti niŋ ka saa mi  (Silimiin goli July zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli September). Lala kulibɔna ŋɔ puuni din galisim pam nyɛ Lake Magui din waɣilim paai kamani kilomtanima pihita bin din gbaai di wulinpuhili zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili. Lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima pihinu ni anu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes,  {{Coord|14|47|N|11|5|W}}. Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din tiri  Lake Doro kom ka lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima pihita ni anahi zaŋ chaŋ  Kayes,  wulinpuhili zaŋ n-ti RN1 soli zuɣu, {{Coord|14|30|45|N|11|7|20|W}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord| 14|25|37|N|11|23|17|W|display=title|region:ML_type:river}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolinbine River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1555" sha1="92qiws9jut2nzlikj36v5b2ml6pxs7i" xml:space="preserve">'''Kolinbiné Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Kolinbiné'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[West Africa]]. Di nyɛla din piligi [[Mauritania]] ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo, di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Mauritania mini [[Mali]] tiŋgbana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I.&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 406–415}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mali tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] kamani kilomitanima dibaa anu ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri doli kulibɔna bihi din tooi deeri kom di yi ti niŋ ka saa mi  (Silimiin goli July zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli September). Lala kulibɔna ŋɔ puuni din galisim pam nyɛ Lake Magui din waɣilim paai kamani kilomtanima pihita bin din gbaai di wulinpuhili zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili. Lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima pihinu ni anu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes,  {{Coord|14|47|N|11|5|W}}. Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din tiri  Lake Doro kom ka lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima pihita ni anahi zaŋ chaŋ  Kayes,  wulinpuhili zaŋ n-ti RN1 soli zuɣu, {{Coord|14|30|45|N|11|7|20|W}}.

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord| 14|25|37|N|11|23|17|W|display=title|region:ML_type:river}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolinbine River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:49:16Z</timestamp>
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'''Kolinbiné Mɔɣili'''  (French: ''Rivière Kolinbiné'') ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[West Africa]]. Di nyɛla din piligi [[Mauritania]] ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo, di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Mauritania mini [[Mali]] tiŋgbana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I.&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 406–415}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mali tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla din chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] kamani kilomitanima dibaa anu ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri doli kulibɔna bihi din tooi deeri kom di yi ti niŋ ka saa mi  (Silimiin goli July zaŋ hali ni Silimiin goli September). Lala kulibɔna ŋɔ puuni din galisim pam nyɛ Lake Magui din waɣilim paai kamani kilomtanima pihita bin din gbaai di wulinpuhili zaŋ chaŋ di wulinluhili. Lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima pihinu ni anu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Kayes,  {{Coord|14|47|N|11|5|W}}. Mɔɣili ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din tiri  Lake Doro kom ka lala kulibɔŋ ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛ kilomitanima pihita ni anahi zaŋ chaŋ  Kayes,  wulinpuhili zaŋ n-ti RN1 soli zuɣu, {{Coord|14|30|45|N|11|7|20|W}}.

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord| 14|25|37|N|11|23|17|W|display=title|region:ML_type:river}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolinbine River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mauritania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Mali–Mauritania border]]</text>
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    <title>Bafing River</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:52:52Z</timestamp>
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        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="821" sha1="lok2gjr4blfcj5taqaxcmjaxr6jsdqp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.</text>
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        <id>2501</id>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:54:29Z</timestamp>
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        <id>2501</id>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Course==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Irrigation==
Kom din zɔri yiri Bafing Mɔɣili chani Senegal Mɔɣili nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukparilim. Amaa, sanzali din daa zani yuuni 1970s nyɛla din daa chɛ ka be daa gbi kulibɔna Bafing Mɔɣili mini the Senegal Mɔɣili. [[Manantali Dam|Manantali]] [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] kulibɔŋ nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1987,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kornfeld2020&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Itzchak Kornfeld|title=Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA109|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78643-549-1|page=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; di nyɛla din be Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee kamani kilomitanima pihiwɔi ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Bafoulabé. Di nyɛla kulibɔŋ karili kulibɔna shɛŋa bɛ ni gbi Mali puuni. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali kom kamani {{convert|11.3|km3|cumi}} ka bɛ mali lala kom ŋɔ maa yɔɣiri bindira wuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (O.M.V.S.) | url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | page=63 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mihibu ==
Kom din zɔri yiri Bafing Mɔɣili chani Senegal Mɔɣili nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukparilim. Amaa, sanzali din daa zani yuuni 1970s nyɛla din daa chɛ ka be daa gbi kulibɔna Bafing Mɔɣili mini the Senegal Mɔɣili. [[Manantali Dam|Manantali]] [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] kulibɔŋ nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1987,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kornfeld2020&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Itzchak Kornfeld|title=Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA109|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78643-549-1|page=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; di nyɛla din be Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee kamani kilomitanima pihiwɔi ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Bafoulabé. Di nyɛla kulibɔŋ karili kulibɔna shɛŋa bɛ ni gbi Mali puuni. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali kom kamani {{convert|11.3|km3|cumi}} ka bɛ mali lala kom ŋɔ maa yɔɣiri bindira wuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (O.M.V.S.) | url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | page=63 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mihibu ==
Kom din zɔri yiri Bafing Mɔɣili chani Senegal Mɔɣili nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukparilim. Amaa, sanzali din daa zani yuuni 1970s nyɛla din daa chɛ ka be daa gbi kulibɔna Bafing Mɔɣili mini the Senegal Mɔɣili. [[Manantali Dam|Manantali]] [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] kulibɔŋ nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1987,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kornfeld2020&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Itzchak Kornfeld|title=Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA109|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78643-549-1|page=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; di nyɛla din be Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee kamani kilomitanima pihiwɔi ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Bafoulabé. Di nyɛla kulibɔŋ karili kulibɔna shɛŋa bɛ ni gbi Mali puuni. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali kom kamani {{convert|11.3|km3|cumi}} ka bɛ mali lala kom ŋɔ maa yɔɣiri bindira wuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (O.M.V.S.) | url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | page=63 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ecology==
Kpara nyɛla ban be Bafing Mɔɣilli ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kormos2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rebecca Kormos|title=West African Chimpanzees: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2003-059.pdf|year=2003|publisher=IUCN|page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Blue-headed bee-eater]] (''merops muelleri'') gba nyɛla din be ni tihi maa ni zaŋ chaŋ Manding zɔya maa ni wulinluhili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=C. Hilary Fry|title=The Bee-Eaters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoQ9aIbU48MC&amp;pg=PA47|date=30 September 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3687-4|page=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mihibu ==
Kom din zɔri yiri Bafing Mɔɣili chani Senegal Mɔɣili nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukparilim. Amaa, sanzali din daa zani yuuni 1970s nyɛla din daa chɛ ka be daa gbi kulibɔna Bafing Mɔɣili mini the Senegal Mɔɣili. [[Manantali Dam|Manantali]] [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] kulibɔŋ nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1987,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kornfeld2020&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Itzchak Kornfeld|title=Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA109|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78643-549-1|page=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; di nyɛla din be Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee kamani kilomitanima pihiwɔi ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Bafoulabé. Di nyɛla kulibɔŋ karili kulibɔna shɛŋa bɛ ni gbi Mali puuni. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali kom kamani {{convert|11.3|km3|cumi}} ka bɛ mali lala kom ŋɔ maa yɔɣiri bindira wuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (O.M.V.S.) | url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | page=63 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ecology==
Kpara nyɛla ban be Bafing Mɔɣilli ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kormos2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rebecca Kormos|title=West African Chimpanzees: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2003-059.pdf|year=2003|publisher=IUCN|page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Blue-headed bee-eater]] (''merops muelleri'') gba nyɛla din be ni tihi maa ni zaŋ chaŋ Manding zɔya maa ni wulinluhili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=C. Hilary Fry|title=The Bee-Eaters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoQ9aIbU48MC&amp;pg=PA47|date=30 September 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3687-4|page=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Guinea]]
[[Category:French West Africa]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Guinea–Mali border]]</text>
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[[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Lake Manantali]] with the [[Manantali Dam]] and the Bafing River]]
[[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|A hanging bridge over the Bafing (published 1800)]]
'''Bafing Mɔɣili''' ([[Manding languages|Manding]] zaŋ n-ti  &quot;mɔɣ'sabinli&quot;, [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Bafing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Senegal River|Senegal Mɔɣili]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gariti [[Guinea]] mini [[Mali]], di waɣilim nyɛla kamani kilomitanima kɔbisita ni pihinu.

==Dooshee ==
Fonta Djallon din be Guinea nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Bafing mɔɣili ŋɔ ni piligi,&lt;ref name=&quot;KnaapNations1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{convert|30|miles}}  wulinpuhili ka chɛ Mamou.&lt;ref name=&quot;CamaraO'Toole2013&quot;/&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kamani {{convert|350|miles}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Company1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti gariti Bakoy Mɔɣili pɔi ka naayi chaŋ nti chirigi [[Senegal River]] din  be Africa.&lt;ref name=omvs&gt;{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archivedate=16 July 2013 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛ mɔɣ'titali Senegal mɔɣ'bihi puuni ka di kom pirigili nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Senegal mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bafing Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din pahi di Guinea mini Mali tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mihibu ==
Kom din zɔri yiri Bafing Mɔɣili chani Senegal Mɔɣili nyɛla din sɔŋdi pukparilim. Amaa, sanzali din daa zani yuuni 1970s nyɛla din daa chɛ ka be daa gbi kulibɔna Bafing Mɔɣili mini the Senegal Mɔɣili. [[Manantali Dam|Manantali]] [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] kulibɔŋ nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1987,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kornfeld2020&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Itzchak Kornfeld|title=Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA109|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78643-549-1|page=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; di nyɛla din be Bafing Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee kamani kilomitanima pihiwɔi ka chɛ tiŋ yuli booni Bafoulabé. Di nyɛla kulibɔŋ karili kulibɔna shɛŋa bɛ ni gbi Mali puuni. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali kom kamani {{convert|11.3|km3|cumi}} ka bɛ mali lala kom ŋɔ maa yɔɣiri bindira wuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (O.M.V.S.) | url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | page=63 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ecology==
Kpara nyɛla ban be Bafing Mɔɣilli ŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kormos2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rebecca Kormos|title=West African Chimpanzees: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2003-059.pdf|year=2003|publisher=IUCN|page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Blue-headed bee-eater]] (''merops muelleri'') gba nyɛla din be ni tihi maa ni zaŋ chaŋ Manding zɔya maa ni wulinluhili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=C. Hilary Fry|title=The Bee-Eaters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoQ9aIbU48MC&amp;pg=PA47|date=30 September 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3687-4|page=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:Rivers of Guinea]]
[[Category:French West Africa]]
[[Category:Senegal River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Guinea–Mali border]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bundan Jɛrigu</title>
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      <text bytes="783" sha1="4z9fpihixryp0jgn5k16smwhyb0yphy" xml:space="preserve">BUNDAN JƐRIGU

O tɛhimi ni dahinyini ka saa mira

O tɛhimi ni ŋuna n-kuli yɛn nyɛ li

O tamya ni a ni tooi mali ka ti lahi ka 

Jɛrigu jɛrigu!!!

O laɣisi niriba buni sɔŋ 

Ka tɛhiri ni o dini

buni gula!!!!

O tɛhimi ni dindoya n-leeri nira nira

A shee bundaan ŋun ku benimi

Buni din doya ŋmanila takada nima

Di ka ŋun gbubili maa gba anfaani

jɛrigu jɛrigu!!!!

O lahisili pam n-sɔŋ ka kum kuri o mini o niriba

Amaa ka o kuuni o buni sambani ni

Bɛ boli o bundana 

Ka o la ka nyili o nyina 

Ka tam ni fadiriba ban guhila o kpibu je

Jɛrigu Jɛrigu!!!!

Bundan jɛrigu!

O kpibu so o biɛnibu

O biɛnibu leeri niriba daba amaa

Ka o kpibu ŋun che ka niriba wumdi biɛhigu nyaɣisim

Naawuni gumi sokam ka che bundan shimilana

Bee bundan jɛrigu!!!!!!!</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pako River</title>
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      <text bytes="614" sha1="0stksq7uv5lnw2h013n2zfqvdf304t1" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Benin}}
'''Pako Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Alibori yaɣili, [[Benin]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Alibori River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|11.941|3.029|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Alibori Department]]


{{Benin-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Pako Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Alibori yaɣili, [[Benin]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Alibori River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|11.941|3.029|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Alibori Department]]</text>
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'''Pako Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Alibori yaɣili, [[Benin]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Alibori River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|11.941|3.029|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Alibori Department]]</text>
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{{Short description|River in Benin}}
'''Pako Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be Alibori yaɣili, [[Benin]]. Di nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Alibori River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|11.941|3.029|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Alibori Department]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bagoé River</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:38:38Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="983" sha1="bhs20h4ij8lf6ywlpek6pzp5cw6z5xa" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Africa}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
'''Bagoé Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Bani River]] din be [[Africa]]. Di nyɛla din zɔri doli [[Ivory Coast]] wulinpuhili mini  [[Mali]] wulinluhili ka di nyɛ din pahi di lala tiŋgbana ayi ŋɔ tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 371–74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla mɔɣ'karili [[Banifing River]] mɔɣ'bihi la puuni.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.567778|-6.980833|type:_region:|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagoe River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Category:Ivory Coast–Mali border]]


{{IvoryCoast-river-stub}}
{{Mali-river-stub}}</text>
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[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
'''Bagoé Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Bani River]] din be [[Africa]]. Di nyɛla din zɔri doli [[Ivory Coast]] wulinpuhili mini  [[Mali]] wulinluhili ka di nyɛ din pahi di lala tiŋgbana ayi ŋɔ tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 371–74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla mɔɣ'karili [[Banifing River]] mɔɣ'bihi la puuni.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.567778|-6.980833|type:_region:|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagoe River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Category:Ivory Coast–Mali border]]</text>
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      <text bytes="937" sha1="4785mne0b6pnbu5epqzyoq30mn1j9ap" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Africa}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
'''Bagoé Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Bani River]] din be [[Africa]]. Di nyɛla din zɔri doli [[Ivory Coast]] wulinpuhili mini  [[Mali]] wulinluhili ka di nyɛ din pahi di lala tiŋgbana ayi ŋɔ tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 371–74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla mɔɣ'karili [[Banifing River]] mɔɣ'bihi la puuni.

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.567778|-6.980833|type:_region:|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagoe River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Category:Ivory Coast–Mali border]]</text>
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        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="952" sha1="kg1yt5e9z02obniorjbhub1mcp7qejm" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Africa}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
'''Bagoé Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Bani River|Bani Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Africa]]. Di nyɛla din zɔri doli [[Ivory Coast]] wulinpuhili mini  [[Mali]] wulinluhili ka di nyɛ din pahi di lala tiŋgbana ayi ŋɔ tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 371–74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla mɔɣ'karili [[Banifing River]] mɔɣ'bihi la puuni.

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.567778|-6.980833|type:_region:|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagoe River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Category:Ivory Coast–Mali border]]</text>
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{{Short description|River in Africa}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
'''Bagoé Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Bani River|Bani Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Africa]]. Di nyɛla din zɔri doli [[Ivory Coast]] wulinpuhili mini  [[Mali]] wulinluhili ka di nyɛ din pahi di lala tiŋgbana ayi ŋɔ tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 371–74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla mɔɣ'karili [[Banifing River]] mɔɣ'bihi la puuni.

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.567778|-6.980833|type:_region:|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagoe River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Category:Ivory Coast–Mali border]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:42:03Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
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{{Short description|River in Africa}}
[[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|The Bani River system.]]
'''Bagoé Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Bani River|Bani Mɔɣili]]  din be [[Africa]]. Di nyɛla din zɔri doli [[Ivory Coast]] wulinpuhili mini  [[Mali]] wulinluhili ka di nyɛ din pahi di lala tiŋgbana ayi ŋɔ tarisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownlie, I. &quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 371–74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla mɔɣ'karili [[Banifing River|Banifing Mɔɣili]] mɔɣ'bihi la puuni.

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.567778|-6.980833|type:_region:|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagoe River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mali]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]
[[Category:Ivory Coast–Mali border]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alibori River</title>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
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      <text bytes="1570" sha1="gwss22x01sy7qfbwbeyq1sis69r2w5h" xml:space="preserve">'''Alibori Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Benin]] wulinpuhili polo. Di nyɛla din piligi miri tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti Tbore din be Atakora yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili chani nti luri [[Niger River]] din miri Bini-Lafia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; Alibori yaɣili din nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Banikoara mini tiŋ yuli booni Karimama tiŋgbana tarisi  n-ti pahi  [[W Transborder Park]] tariga.  [[Pako River]] nyɛla din mɔɣ'bihi puuni zaɣ'yini. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ puuni nyɛla din mali nyabisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meeting1982&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&amp;pg=PA193|accessdate=30 April 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]


{{Benin-river-stub}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>141169</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:54:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="1547" sha1="5drcpi58cvjt10txigln8wtbiekqufe" xml:space="preserve">'''Alibori Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Benin]] wulinpuhili polo. Di nyɛla din piligi miri tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti Tbore din be Atakora yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili chani nti luri [[Niger River]] din miri Bini-Lafia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; Alibori yaɣili din nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Banikoara mini tiŋ yuli booni Karimama tiŋgbana tarisi  n-ti pahi  [[W Transborder Park]] tariga.  [[Pako River]] nyɛla din mɔɣ'bihi puuni zaɣ'yini. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ puuni nyɛla din mali nyabisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meeting1982&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&amp;pg=PA193|accessdate=30 April 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>141171</id>
      <parentid>141170</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:55:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
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      <text bytes="1549" sha1="j98phdl9ptwnjuio8msrmtwzg50cwjf" xml:space="preserve">'''Alibori Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Benin]] wulinpuhili polo. Di nyɛla din piligi miri tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti Tbore din be Atakora yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili chani nti luri [[Niger River]] din miri Bini-Lafia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; Alibori yaɣili din nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Banikoara mini tiŋ yuli booni Karimama tiŋgbana tarisi  n-ti pahi  [[W Transborder Park]] tariga.  [[Pako River]] nyɛla din mɔɣ'bihi puuni zaɣ'yini. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ puuni nyɛla din mali nyabisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meeting1982&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&amp;pg=PA193|accessdate=30 April 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>141172</id>
      <parentid>141171</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:56:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
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      <text bytes="1565" sha1="9lg6nm6s2pdnx88e4h1t94l5aq0eq6h" xml:space="preserve">'''Alibori Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Benin]] wulinpuhili polo. Di nyɛla din piligi miri tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti Tbore din be Atakora yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili chani nti luri [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din miri Bini-Lafia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; Alibori yaɣili din nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Banikoara mini tiŋ yuli booni Karimama tiŋgbana tarisi  n-ti pahi  [[W Transborder Park]] tariga.  [[Pako River]] nyɛla din mɔɣ'bihi puuni zaɣ'yini. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ puuni nyɛla din mali nyabisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meeting1982&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&amp;pg=PA193|accessdate=30 April 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]</text>
      <sha1>9lg6nm6s2pdnx88e4h1t94l5aq0eq6h</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>141173</id>
      <parentid>141172</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:56:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>141173</origin>
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      <text bytes="1580" sha1="rjcwa8chciexsim94ri6d4j42dmmin4" xml:space="preserve">'''Alibori Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Benin]] wulinpuhili polo. Di nyɛla din piligi miri tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti Tbore din be Atakora yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili chani nti luri [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din miri Bini-Lafia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; Alibori yaɣili din nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Banikoara mini tiŋ yuli booni Karimama tiŋgbana tarisi  n-ti pahi  [[W Transborder Park]] tariga.  [[Pako River|Pako Mɔɣili]]  nyɛla din mɔɣ'bihi puuni zaɣ'yini. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ puuni nyɛla din mali nyabisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meeting1982&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&amp;pg=PA193|accessdate=30 April 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]</text>
      <sha1>rjcwa8chciexsim94ri6d4j42dmmin4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141174</id>
      <parentid>141173</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:57:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added databox</comment>
      <origin>141174</origin>
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      <text bytes="1592" sha1="9bn8o8etuq3i1jqa45ozgf08cuvuxat" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Alibori Mɔɣili''' ŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Benin]] wulinpuhili polo. Di nyɛla din piligi miri tiŋkpaŋ zaŋ n-ti Tbore din be Atakora yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili chani nti luri [[Niger River|Niger Mɔɣili]]  din miri Bini-Lafia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=April 1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; Alibori yaɣili din nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Banikoara mini tiŋ yuli booni Karimama tiŋgbana tarisi  n-ti pahi  [[W Transborder Park]] tariga.  [[Pako River|Pako Mɔɣili]]  nyɛla din mɔɣ'bihi puuni zaɣ'yini. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ puuni nyɛla din mali nyabisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meeting1982&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&amp;pg=PA193|accessdate=30 April 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Benin]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Niger River]]</text>
      <sha1>9bn8o8etuq3i1jqa45ozgf08cuvuxat</sha1>
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