Dagbani Wikipedia dagwiki https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C9%94%C9%A3u MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Miidiya Diŋ'gahim Yɛltɔɣa Ŋun su Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa Wikipedia Wikipedia yɛltɔɣa Lahabali kɔligu Lahabali kɔligu yɛltɔɣa MiidiyaWiki MiidiyaWiki yɛltɔɣa Tɛmplet Tɛmplet yɛltɔɣa Sɔŋsim Sɔŋsim yɛltɔɣa Pubu Pubu yɛltɔɣa Salima Salima yɛltɔɣa MOS MOS yɛltɔɣa TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3466 145294 33190 2026-07-29T22:31:42Z NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh 349 Globally blacklisted unreliable source 145294 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="background-color:fuchsia;">'''E-Class'''</span>[[Lahabali kɔligu:Symbol_e_class.svg|20px]] '''Fumigation''' nyɛla so' shɛli bɛ ni doli n-kuri binneembihi ka di nyɛla di yɛn bola soli n-che ka binnɛma tim din nyɛ [[Pɔhim|pohim]] dini bee -bɛ ni booni shɛli fumigants la- wuligi luɣi shɛli bɛ ni mihi li maa zaa. Lala tim ŋɔ n-yɛn liɣi lala binnɛma ban be lala luɣili maa. Dina ka bɛ mali kuri bee n-kariti lala binnɛma maa duri ni, tam ni, bimbiɛlima ni, ni [[puzuri]] ni, ka bɛ lahi mali li niŋdi neen' shɛŋa din yirina tiŋduya ni bee bɛ ni mali neen' shɛŋa yihiri tiŋduya ni din yɛn gu ka che dɔribimbira ʒi n-looi tiŋ shɛŋa dabam. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ lahi damdi lala binneembihi ŋɔ ni be binshhɛli ni maa biɛhigu, ka damdi lala binneembihi maa maŋmaŋ biɛhigu, ka mani woodborers ni drywood termites.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/153567600501000206|title=Area Fumigation with Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Show less|language=English|accessdate=June 1, 2005|publisher=J. E. Meszaros, K. Antloga, C. Justi, C. Plesnicher, G. McDonnell}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Di ni niŋdi shɛm == Bineebihi tuɣilibu mali la soya ayi: tuuli, bε ni mali nia ni bε tuɣili luɣ’ shεli polo maa bε yεn ŋari la luɣ’ shεlikam ka voli lahi kani. Di nyaaŋga, ka bε tuɣili tiim maa. Bε ni che bε ni tuɣili tiim maa luɣ’ shεli maa ka di ku bineenbihi shεŋa ŋan be bε ni tuɣili timm luɣ’ shεli maa saha shεli sunsuuni. Din bahindi nyaaŋga, bε yooi luɣilikam bahi ka tiim maa lɔɣu maa doli pɔhim maa chaŋ, din yi pan tooi ti daadama soli ka bε kpe. Dimbɔŋɔ yi niŋ viεnyεla, lala biεhigu shee ŋɔ ku lahi mali bineebihi ŋɔ ka viεla n-ti daadama. == Tanti tiim tuɣilibu == Tiim tuɣilibu mali balibu pam zaŋ chaŋ yili kam polo. Luɣ’ shεli din be yiya sunsuuni, lɔba tantinima kamani din be ka gbanbila laasaabu ka bε yεn zaŋ pili yili maa zaa ka tuɣili tiim maa dini. Lala dini ŋɔ bε booni li mi “tanti tiim tuɣilibu”. Tanti lɔba ŋɔ taɣiri la tiim ŋɔ lɔɣu maa ka di bi yi n-kpe  ya’ kɔɣila maa. Tiim ŋɔ tuɣilibu ni tooi paai bakoi ka dimbɔŋɔ doli la yili maa tulim bee di maasim ni  be shεm ni bineenbihi maa ni nyε shεli.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Department_of_Pesticide_Regulation|title=California Department of Pesticide Regulation|language=English|publisher=California Department of Pesticide Regulation}}</ref> == Kundivihira == [[Pubu:E-Class]] [[Pubu:COVID-19 doro]] [[Pubu:Coronavirus]] [[Pubu:Alaafee]] c02894a7vw5e7162l1a4yyg201fnd07 0 26209 145254 81566 2026-07-29T12:45:30Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} {{short description|South Korean actress}} {{Infobox person | name = Min Ji-hyun | image = Min Ji-hyeon from acrofan.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|11|6}} | birth_place = [[South Korea]] | occupation = [[Actress]] | years_active = 2005-present | education = Myongji College - Theater Studies | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|headercolor=transparent | hangul = {{linktext|민|지현}} | hanja = ! | rr = Min Ji-hyeon | mr = Min Chihyŏn }}}} '''Min Ji-hyun''' (bɛ dɔɣi o la Anashaara goli November 6, 1984) ka o nyɛ South Korea kpɛrikpɛrita.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=Eun-hwa|title=[Interview] Min Ji Hyun Finally Blooms in ''The Bangja Chronicles''|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/1607/interview-min-ji-hyun-finally-blooms-in-the-bangja-chronicles|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-07-08|date=17 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225126/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/1607/interview-min-ji-hyun-finally-blooms-in-the-bangja-chronicles|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sunwoo|first1=Carla|title=''Norigae'' spotlights darker side of show business|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2970012|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=2014-07-11|date=12 April 2013|access-date=2023-11-30|archive-date=2020-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206134046/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aId=2970012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Filim nima== ===Television series=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:550px" |- ! width=10|Year ! Title ! Role ! Network |- | 2005 || ''The Youth in Bare Foot'' || || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |- | 2007 || ''[[Mackerel Run]]'' || Ki Yeo-woon || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] |- | 2008 || ''My Cop'' || Female police officer || [[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]] |- | 2009 || ''Splendor of Youth'' || Yang Sang-mi || [[KBS1]] |- | 2011 || ''Servant, The Untold Story of Bang-ja'' || Hyang-dan || Channel CGV |- | 2012 || ''[[Yellow Boots]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=''Yellow Boots'' Kang Seok-jeong and Min Ji-hyeon|url=http://www.hancinema.net/yellow-boots-kang-seok-jeong-and-min-ji-hyeon-45942.html|website=[[Hancinema]]|accessdate=2015-03-23|date=1 August 2012}}</ref> || Seol Soo-ae || [[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]] |- | 2017 || ''[[Strong Woman Do Bong-soon]]'' || Kidnapped Pharmacist || [[JTBC]] |} ===Film=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:550px" |- ! width=10|Year ! Title ! Role |- | rowspan=2| 2008 || ''[[Our School's E.T.]]'' || Ki-ho's seat partner |- | ''[[A Frozen Flower]]'' || King's concubine |- | 2013 || ''[[Norigae (film)|Norigae]]'' || Jung Ji-hee |} ===Music video=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:550px" |- ! width=10|Year ! Song title ! Artist |- | 2006 || "The Knight Who Saved a Doll" <!--인형의 기사--> || [[NeXT]] |} ==Pina mini Piibu== {| class="wikitable" style="width:550px" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominated work ! Result |- | 2013 || [[50th Grand Bell Awards|50th]] [[Grand Bell Awards]] || Best New Actress || ''[[Norigae (film)|Norigae]]'' || {{nom}} |} ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist}} ==External links== * {{Twitter}} * {{cyworld|51774369|Min Ji-hyun}} * {{HanCinema person}} * {{IMDb name|5901826|Min Ji-hyun}} * {{KMDb person|0018204|Min Ji-hyun}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Min, Ji-hyun}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:South Korean television actresses]] [[Category:South Korean film actresses]] [[Category:21st-century South Korean actresses]] {{Korea-actor-stub}} 12ufu88q700e8dss7loozdh5bh17qqs 0 27611 145264 128178 2026-07-29T14:55:26Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Private research institution in Nigeria}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox university | name = Nile University of Nigeria | native_name = | latin_name = | motto = Build Your Success For A Better Society | image = Logo Nile University Vert -01.jpg | image_size = | established = {{start date and age|2009}} | type = [[Private university|Private]] | endowment = | faculty = 698 | president = | provost = | principal = | rector = | vice_chancellor = [[Dilli Dogo]] | dean = | head_label = | head = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | city = [[Abuja, FCT]] | country = Nigeria | campus = Urban, {{Convert|279|acre|ha}} | free_label = | free = | colors = {{color box|#ffffff}}{{color box|#152d5e}} White & blue | colours = | mascot = | nickname = Nile Spartans | affiliations = Honoris United Universities | website = {{URL|http://nileuniversity.edu.ng//}} | address = Plot 681, Cadastral Zone C-OO, Research & Institution Area, Jabi Airport Bypass | coor = {{coord|9.016|7.398|type:edu_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | logo = Logo_of_Nile_University_Abuja_Nigeria.svg | footnotes = }} '''Nile University of Nigeria''' (NILE) nyɛla private multidisciplinary [[university]] shɛli bɛ ni daa pilli yuuni 2009 ka be [[Abuja]], [[Nigeria]]. Di nyɛla din be Honoris United Universities Network ka nyɛ [[National Universities Commission]] ni daa saɣi n-ti shɛli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=press_admin |date=2022-09-01 |title=History of Nile University |url=https://presspay.ng/news/2022/09/01/history-of-nile-university/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108142322/https://presspay.ng/news/2022/09/01/history-of-nile-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=History of Nile University|url=https://nileuniversity.edu.ng/history-of-nile-university/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Nile University|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221084805/https://www.nileuniversity.edu.ng/history-of-nile-university/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="guardian.ng">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-03|title=Honoris United Universities welcomes Nile University of Nigeria to its Pan-African Network|url=https://guardian.ng/features/honoris-united-universities-welcomes-nile-university-of-nigeria-to-its-pan-african-network-2/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531111035/https://guardian.ng/features/honoris-united-universities-welcomes-nile-university-of-nigeria-to-its-pan-african-network-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saha ŋɔ di nyɛla din mali "faculty" nima anii ka School of Postgraduate Studies niŋdi undergraduate bɔhimbu yaɣa nyɛ pihita ni anahi ka postgraduate bɔhimbu yaɣa nyɛ pihinahi ni ayopɔin.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-12 |title=Unveiling World-class Facilities on the Nile University of Nigeria Campus - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/unveiling-world-class-facilities-on-the-nile-university-of-nigeria-campus/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website= |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527145041/https://dailytrust.com/unveiling-world-class-facilities-on-the-nile-university-of-nigeria-campus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yuuni 2020, Nile University daa pahi [[Honoris United Universities HUU|Honoris United Universities]] zuɣu ka daa leei din pahiri pinaanahi Universities maa ni n-ti pahi [[ESPRIT (School)|ESPRIT]] mini [[Université Mundiapolis]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title={SPONSORED}A New Identity: Nile University of Nigeria Revamps its Logo|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/sponsoreda-new-identity-nile-university-of-nigeria-revamps-its-logo/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Silimiin goli March yuuni 2021, Nile University daa gbaai alikawli ni Ministry of Science and Technology ni be niŋ [[COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=FG to partner Nile University in COVID-19 vaccine production|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/fg-to-partner-nile-university-in-covid-19-vaccine-production/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa pilli Nile University yuuni 2009 ka di polo galisim paai kamani 113-hectare campus, bɛ daa deei la lala polo ŋɔ silimiin goli July yuuni 2020. Di daa pahi [[Honoris United Universities HUU|Honoris United Universities]] zuɣu ni [[educational institution]]s din be [[Tunisia]] ([[Institut maghrébin des sciences économiques et technologiques|IMSET]]), [[Morocco]] (EMSI), [[Mauritius]] ([[Honoris Educational Network]]), [[South Africa]] ([[Management College of Southern Africa|Mancosa]], [[Regent Business School]]) [[Zimbabwe]] n-ti pahi [[Zambia]]..<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-01|title=Actis-backed African education group acquires Nigerian university - CEO|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/honoris-ma-nile-university-idUSL8N2E773R|access-date=2021-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-04|title=Africa Deal Roundup: 15 noteworthy deals and announcements in July|url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/africa-deal-roundup-15-noteworthy-deals-and-announcements-in-july-2/69594/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=How we made it in Africa|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006131728/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/africa-deal-roundup-15-noteworthy-deals-and-announcements-in-july-2/69594/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saha shɛli bɛ ni daa pilli university ŋɔ, NILE daa mali la "faculty" nima ata (Arts & Social Sciences, Engineering, and Natural & Applied Sciences) mini shikuru bihi ban kalinli yiɣisi pihiwɔi ni ata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=Honoris United Universities welcomes Nile University of Nigeria to its Pan-African Network |url=https://guardian.ng/features/honoris-united-universities-welcomes-nile-university-of-nigeria-to-its-pan-african-network-2/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531111035/https://guardian.ng/features/honoris-united-universities-welcomes-nile-university-of-nigeria-to-its-pan-african-network-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Silimiin goli June yuuni 2021, bɛ daa taɣi University maa logo.<ref name="punchng.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-24 |title=New Identity: Nile University of Nigeria Revamps its Logo |url=https://punchng.com/new-identity-nile-university-of-nigeria-revamps-its-logo/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Pirin la university duri daa taɣiya zuɣu bɛ daa taɣi University maa [[logo]] ni di lu n-ti bɛ yɛl'bora.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Punch |date=24 June 2021 |title=New Identity: Nile University of Nigeria Revamps its Logo |work=The Punch Newspaper |url=https://punchng.com/new-identity-nile-university-of-nigeria-revamps-its-logo/ |access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref> ==Academics== University ŋɔ nyɛla din mali undergraduate mini postgraduate bɔhimbu yaɣa "faculty" nima ayopɔin: ===Faculty of Engineering=== * Computer Engineering (BEng, PGD, MEng) * Electrical and Electronics Engineering (BEng, PGD, MEng, PhD) * Civil Engineering (BEng, PGD, MEng) * Petroleum and Gas Engineering (BEng, PGD, MEng) * Chemical Engineering (BEng) * Mechanical Engineering (BEng) * Mechatronics Engineering (BEng) ===Faculty of Sciences=== * Biology (BSc, PGD, MSc) * Biotechnology (BSc) * Biochemistry (BSc) * Microbiology (BSc) * Analytical Chemistry (MSc) * Industrial Chemistry (BSc, MSc, PhD) '''Faculty of Computing''' * Software Engineering * Information Technology * Cyber Security *Computer Science (BSc, PGD, MSc, PhD) ===Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences=== * Economics (BSc, PGD, MSc, MPhil, PhD) * Financial Economics (MSc) * Financial Economics (MFE) * English Language and Communication Studies (BSc, MA) * Political Science and International Relations (BSc) * International Relations and Diplomacy (PGD, MSc, PhD) * International Relations (MIR) * Political Science (PGD, MSc, PhD) * Peace, Conflict and Strategic Studies (PGD, MSc, MPhil, PhD) * Mass Communication (BSc) * Criminology and Security Studies (BSc) * Sociology (BSc) * Psychology (BSc) === Faculty of Management Sciences === * Business Administration (BSc) * Master of Business Administration (MBA) * Management (PGD, MSc, MPhil, PhD) * Banking and Finance (BSc) * Public Administration (BSc) * Accounting (BSc, PGD, MSc, P.hD) * Auditing & Finance (MSc) * Auditing & Forensic Management (MSc) * Estate Management (BSc) * Marketing (BSc) === Faculty of Law === * Law (LLB)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=Nile University prepares students for successful law careers with innovative law faculty|url=https://guardian.ng/features/nile-university-prepares-students-for-successful-law-careers-with-innovative-law-faculty/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> * Law (PGD)<ref name=":2" /> * Law (LLM)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Nile University Gains Approval for New Postgraduate Law Programs, Joins Exclusive Group of Legal Education Providers |url=https://www.nileuniversity.edu.ng/nile-university-gains-approval-for-new-postgraduate-law-programs-joins-exclusive-group-of-legal-education-providers/ |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=Nile University |language=en-US}}</ref> * Law (PhD)<ref name=":2" /> '''Faculty of Environmental Sciences''' * Architecture (BSc) * Urban and Regional Planning (BSc) * Estate Management (BSc) * Building Technology (BSc) * Quantity Survey (BSc) === College of Health Sciences<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-15|title=Nile University Completes Ultramodern Hostel for Medical Students in Asokoro; Upscales its Robust College of Health Sciences|url=https://punchng.com/nile-university-completes-ultramodern-hostel-for-medical-students-in-asokoro-upscales-its-robust-college-of-health-sciences/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> === * Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) * Human Anatomy (BSc) * Human Physiology (BSc) * Public Health (MPH) <gallery caption="Campus of Nile University of Nigeria"> File:Nile.University buildings 452.jpg|Aerial view of the secondary entrance showing the car park and security post File:Nile.University buildings BLOCK A.jpg|Block A building File:Nile.University buildings 221.jpg|Aerial view showing fountain and minimart with block A&B in the background File:Nile.University Library building 7.jpg|Nile University Library File:Nile.University Aerial view.jpg|Aerial view of the NILE Campus File:Nile.University grounds 342.jpg|The male students hostel in the far background File:Nile.University grounds 16.jpg File:Nile.University buildings FEMALE HOSTEL.jpg|Hostel building File:Faculty of Law, Nile University of Nigeria.jpg|Faculty of Law, Nile University of Nigeria File:Faculty of Law Library.jpg|Faculty of Law Library, Nile University of Nigeria File:Faculty of Law Corridor.jpg|Faculty of Law Corridor File:Portraits of Nigeria Law Icons.jpg|Portraits of Nigeria Law Icons </gallery> ==Kundivihira== {{Reflist}} # {{Cite web|last=Ososanya|first=Tunde|date=2020-01-14|title=Katsina indigene Hajara Abdulfatah bags 1st class from Nile University|url=https://www.legit.ng/1292471-hajara-kabeer-abulfatah-katsina-indigene-graduates-1st-class-nile-university.html|access-date=2020-08-08|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}} #{{Cite web|last1=News|first1=AGENCY|last2=Emmanson|first2=Jerry|date=2020-02-25|title=How Nigeria Can Solve Current Socio-Economic Problems, Conflicts – Nile Varsity VC|url=https://leadership.ng/2020/02/25/how-nigeria-can-solve-current-social-economic-problems-conflicts-nile-varsity-vc/|access-date=2020-08-08|website=Leadership Newspaper|language=en-US}} #{{Cite web|last=Chinedu|first=Grace|date=2019-10-29|title=We'Ve Elected Uneducated Leaders –Sanusi|url=https://infotrustng.com/weve-elected-uneducated-leaders-sanusi/|access-date=2020-08-08|website=Infotrust News|language=en-US}} #{{Cite web|title=Top Universities in Federal Capital Territory {{!}} 2020 Federal Capital Territory University Ranking|url=https://www.4icu.org/ng/federal-capital-territory/|access-date=2020-08-08|website=www.4icu.org}} # {{Universities in Nigeria}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Abuja]] [[Category:Education in Abuja]] [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1998]] [[Category:1998 establishments in Nigeria]] [[Category:Private universities and colleges in Nigeria]] n0j8uho5sm19t152u1c1i6w1qeay88y 0 30141 145253 120806 2026-07-29T11:59:21Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American painter and printmaker (1844–1926)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = Mary Cassatt | image = Mary Cassatt photograph 1913.jpg | imagesize = 225px | caption = Cassatt seated in a chair with an umbrella, 1913. Verso reads "The only photograph for which she ever posed." | birth_name = Mary Stevenson Cassatt | birth_date = {{birth date|1844|5|22}} | birth_place = [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1926|6|14|1844|5|22}} | death_place = near [[Paris]], France | known_for = [[Painting]] | education = [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]],<br /> [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], [[Charles Joshua Chaplin|Charles Chaplin]], [[Thomas Couture]] | movement = [[Impressionism]] | signature = Redone Mary Cassatt sig.jpg | works = }}'''Mary Stevenson Cassatt''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|s|æ|t}}; May 22, 1844{{spaced ndash}}June 14, 1926)<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.76.33 |title=Mary Cassatt Self-Portrait |work=National Portrait Gallery |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=June 12, 2018 |language=en }}</ref> o daa nyɛla America peenta-peenta mini ŋun pirintira.<ref name="NYT-20240516">{{cite news |last=Solomon |first=Deborah |title=Mary Cassatt's Women Didn't Sit Pretty - The American painter depicted women caring for children, not posing for the male gaze. New exhibitions and books reappraise her legacy 100 years later. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/arts/design/mary-cassatt-philadelphia-museum.html |date=May 16, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240516105309/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/arts/design/mary-cassatt-philadelphia-museum.html |archivedate=May 16, 2024 |accessdate=May 16, 2024 }}</ref> Bɛ daa dɔɣi o la [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania]] (bɛ ni pa booni shɛli [[Pittsburgh]]'s [[North Side (Pittsburgh)|North Side]]), ka o bi'kurim ni zaa ka o be France, ka o mini [[Edgar Degas]] niŋ yikperilaannima. Cassatt tooi maani la paɣaba anfooninima, ka zaɣa zaa leei jendi biɛhigu din be paɣaba mini bɛ bihi sunsuuni.<ref>{{Citation | last = Geffroy | first = Gustave | title = Histoire de l'Impressionnisme | journal = La Vie Artistique | pages = 268 | year = 1894 }}.</ref> Yuuni 1879, Diego Martelli daa zaŋ o mi ŋmahindi Degas, ka di nyɛla bɛ tumanima ŋmanila taba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The New Painting: Impressionism 1874–1886|last=Moffett|first=Charles S.|publisher=The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco|year=1986|isbn=0-88401-047-3|location=San Francisco|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newpaintingimpre00moff/page/276 276]|url=https://archive.org/details/newpaintingimpre00moff/page/276}}</ref> ==Anfooninima == {{main|List of works by Mary Cassatt}} <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> File:Cassatt Mary Portrait of Madame Sisley 1873.jpg|''Portrait of Madame Sisley'' (1873) File:Mary Cassatt The Reader 1877.jpg|''The Reader'' (1877), [[Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art]] File:Mary Cassat - Lilacs in a Window - MMA 1997.207.jpg|''[[Lilacs in a Window]]'' (1879) File:Cassatt corner loge.jpg|''In the Box'' (1879) File:Cassatt Mary At the Theater 1879.jpg|''Lydia Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in Loge'' (1879) File:Miss Mary Ellison.JPG|''Miss Mary Ellison'' (1880) File:Cassatt Mary Lydia at the Tapestry Loom c. 1881.jpg|Lydia at the Tapestry Loom (c. 1881) File:Cassatt Mary Children on the Beach 1884 .jpg|''Children on the Beach'' (1884) File:Young Girl at a Window.JPG|''Young Girl at a Window'' ({{circa|1883}}–1884), [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Lady at the Tea Table MET DT516.jpg|''[[Lady at the Tea Table]]'' (1883–1885), Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Child in a Straw Hat by Mary Cassatt c1886.jpg|''Child in Straw Hat'' (1886) File:Cassatt Mary Maternite 1890.jpg|''Maternité'' (1890), pastel File:Cassatt Mary Nurse Reading to a Little Girl 1895.jpg|''Nurse Reading to a Little Girl'' (1895), pastel File:Brooklyn Museum - Woman in a Red Bodice and Her Child - Mary Cassatt - overall.jpg|''Woman in a Red Bodice and Her Child'' ({{Circa|1896}}), [[Brooklyn Museum]] File:Cassatt, Mary Pink Sash 1898.jpg|''The Pink Sash'' (1898), pastel File:Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse 1899 Mary Cassatt.jpg|''Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse'' (1899), pastel, [[Reynolda House Museum of American Art]] File:Cassatt Mary Jules Being Dried by His Mother 1900.jpg|''Jules Being Dried by His Mother'' (1900) File:Margot in Blue Cassatt.jpg|''Margot in Blue'' (1903), pastel, [[Walters Art Museum]] File:Cassatt Mary Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the Sun 1914.jpg|''Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the Sun'' (1914) File:Brooklyn Museum - The Fitting - Mary Cassatt - overall.jpg|''The Fitting'' ({{Circa|1890}}), drypoint and aquatint, Brooklyn Museum File:Offering the Panal to the Bullfighter, Mary Cassatt.jpg|''Offering the Panal to the Bullfighter'' (1873), oil on canvas, Clark Art Institute File:Young Mother Sewing MET DP139632.jpg|''Young Mother Sewing'' (1900), oil on canvas, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] File:Mary Cassatt - Under the Horse-Chestnut Tree - Google Art Project.jpg|''Under the Horse Chestnut Tree'' by Mary Cassatt, 1898, drypoint and aquatint print, 19 × 15 in., [[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]]. File:Woman Bathing (La Toilette) MET dp16.2.2.R.jpg|''Woman Bathing (La Toilette)'' by Mary Cassatt, 1890–91, Drypoint and aquatint print, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/337064|title=Woman Bathing (La Toilette)|website=www.metmuseum.org|access-date=January 25, 2020}}</ref> File:Mary Cassatt, 1902, Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window.jpg|''Mère et enfant (Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window)'', {{Circa|1902}} File:Mary Stevenson Cassatt, American - Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge - Google Art Project.jpg|''Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge'', 1879, oil on canvas, 81 × 60 cm, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] </gallery> == Filim == * ''Mary Cassatt: Painting the Modern Woman''. Director: Ali Ray, UK, 93 minutes, 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27000480/ |title=Mary Cassatt: Painting the Modern Woman|date=March 3, 2023|via=IMDb}}</ref> ==Noosi== {{notelist}} ==Kundivihira== {{reflist}} ===Bibliography=== * {{cite book |last1=Barter |first1=Judith A. |title=Mary Cassatt, modern woman |date=October 15, 1998 |publisher=Art Institute of Chicago in association with H.N. Abrams |isbn=978-0810940895 |edition=1st |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass }} * {{cite book |ref= {{harvid|Bullard}} |last=Bullard |first=John E. |title=Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels |year=1972 |url = {{Google books|uILqAAAAMAAJ|title= Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels|page= 239|plainurl= yes}} |publisher=[[Watson-Guptill Publications]] |isbn=0-8230-0569-0 |lccn = 70-190524 }} * {{cite book | ref= {{harvid|Duranty|1876}} | first= Louis Edmund | last= Duranty | title = La Nouvelle peinture : À propos du groupe d'artistes qui expose dans les galeries Durand-Ruel, 1876 | url = https://archive.org/details/lanouvellepeint00firgoog | language = fr | publisher = Echoppe | location = Paris | year = 1990 | orig-year= 1876 | isbn= 978-2905657374 | lccn = 21010788 }} * {{cite book | last = Mathews | first = Nancy Mowll | author-link = Nancy Mowll Mathews | title = Mary Cassatt: A Life | publisher = [[Villard (imprint)|Villard Books]] | location = New York | year = 1994 | isbn= 978-0-394-58497-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Mathews | first = Nancy Mowll | title = Mary Cassatt: A Life | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EtXCGXMSE9oC | publisher = [[Yale University Press]] | location = New Haven | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-585-36794-1 }} * {{cite book | last = McKown | first = Robin | authorlink = Robin McKown | title = The World of Mary Cassatt | publisher = [[Thomas Y. Crowell Co.]] | location = New York | year = 1972 | isbn = 978-0-690-90274-7 }} * {{cite book | last = Kloss | first = William | title = Treasures from the National Museum of American Art | publisher = [[Smithsonian American Art Museum|National Museum of American Art]] | location = Washington | year = 1985 | url = https://archive.org/details/treasuresfromnat00nati | isbn = 978-0-87474-594-8 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Pollock | first1 = Griselda | last2 = Florence | first2 = Penny | author-link = Griselda Pollock | title = Looking back to the Future | publisher = G+B Arts International | location = Amsterdam | year = 2001 | url = https://archive.org/details/lookingbacktofut0000poll | url-access=registration | isbn = 978-90-5701-122-1 }} * {{cite book | last = Pollock | first = Griselda | editor1-first = Elizabeth | editor1-last = Milroy | editor2-first = Marianne | editor2-last = Doezema | title = Reading American Art | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=N1pOh9GEO1EC | location = New Haven | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 1998 | chapter = Mary Cassatt: Painter of Women and Children | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=N1pOh9GEO1EC&pg=PA280 | isbn = 978-0-300-07348-5 }} * {{cite book | ref= {{harvid|Shackelford}} | first= George T.M. | last= Shackelford | editor-first= Judith A.. | editor-last= Barter | title= Mary Cassatt, modern woman | publisher= [[Abrams Books|Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]] | location= New York | year= 1998 | chapter= Pas de Deux: Mary Cassatt and Edgar Degas | pages= [https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass/page/109 109–43] | isbn= 978-0810940895 | lccn= 98007306 | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass/page/109 }} * {{White - America's most noteworthy railroaders}}(mentions family relationship to Alexander Cassatt) ===Further reading=== * [[Warren Adelson|Adelson, Warren]]; Bertalan, Sarah; Mathews, Nancy Mowll; Pinsky, Susan; Rosen, Marc (2008). ''Mary Cassatt: Prints and Drawings from the Collection of Ambroise Vollard''. New York: Adelson Galleries. {{ISBN|0-9815801-0-6}}. * Barter, Judith A., et al. ''Mary Cassatt: Modern Woman''. Exhibition catalogue. New York: Art Institute of Chicago in association with Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. * Breeskin, Adelyn D. ''Mary Cassatt: A Catalogue Raisonné of the Oils, Pastels, Watercolors, and Drawings''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1970. * Conrads, Margaret C. ''American Paintings and Sculpture at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute''. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1990. * Pinsky, Susan; Rosen, Marc; Adelson, Warren; Cantor, Jay E.; Shapiro, Barbara Stern (2000). ''Mary Cassatt: Prints and Drawings from the Artist's Studio''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-08887-X}}. * Pollock, Griselda. ''Mary Cassatt: Painter of Modern Women''. World of Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998. * Stratton, Suzanne L. ''Spain, Espagne, Spanien: Foreign Artists Discover Spain 1800–1900''. Exhibition catalogue. New York: The Spanish Institute in association with the Equitable Gallery, 1993. * {{cite book |author=Weinberg, H Barbara|url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/52638 |title=''American impressionism and realism '' | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=2009}} {{ISBN|0300085699}} (see index) ==External links== {{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= | video1 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cassatt-the-childs-bath.html Cassatt's ''The Child's Bath''] | video2 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cassatt-at-the-opera.html Cassatt's ''In the Loge''] | video3 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cassatt-woman-with-a-pearl-necklace-in-a-loge.html Cassatt's ''Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge''] | video4 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/the-loge.html Cassatt's ''The Loge''] All from [[Smarthistory]] }} {{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooks=yes|viaf=2478969}} {{Wikiquote}} {{commons}} * [https://hinditipsguru.com/mary_cassatt_biography/ Mary Cassatt Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609213913/https://hinditipsguru.com/mary_cassatt_biography/ |date=June 9, 2023 }} * [https://www.thegreatcat.org/the-cat-in-art-and-photos-2/cats-in-19th-century-art/mary-cassatt-1844-1926-american/ Mary Cassatt's Cat Paintings] * [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/mary-cassatt-letters-10201 A finding aid to the Mary Cassatt letters, 1882–1926 at the Archives of Art, Smithsonian Institution] * [http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/ggcassattptg/ggcassattptg-main1.html/ Mary Cassatt at the National Gallery of Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825041640/http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/ggcassattptg/ggcassattptg-main1.html/ |date=August 25, 2009 }} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=108 Mary Cassatt Gallery at MuseumSyndicate.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527001138/http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=108 |date=May 27, 2009 }} * [http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/ Mary Cassatt at the WebMuseum.] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119212330/http://www.hillstead.org/collection/paint_cassatt.html |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Mary Cassatt at Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut }} * [http://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?q=Mary+Cassatt&f=1&navigation=0&x=0&y=0 Mary Cassatt prints at the National Art History Institut (INHA) in Paris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720233304/http://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?q=Mary+Cassatt&f=1&navigation=0&x=0&y=0 |date=July 20, 2011 }} {{in lang|fr}} * ''[http://library.metmuseum.org/record=b1698309~S1 The Havemeyer Family Papers relating to Art Collecting]'' Mary Cassatt was a close personal friend of Louisine Havemeyer and acted as an art collecting advisor and buying agent for the Havemeyer family. This archival collection includes original letters from Mary Cassatt to Louisine and Henry Osborne Havemeyer. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190104152817/http://lesamisdemarycassatt.fr/ The foundation in France for the remembrance of Mary Cassatt], located in the village of Mesnil-Theribus, where Cassatt lived and is buried * [http://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?r=Top%2Fdl_category%2Festampes%2Festampes+de+mary+cassatt+%281844-1926%29&navigation=0&dq=%23reset Bibliothèque numérique de l'INHA – Estampes de Mary Cassatt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213144043/https://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?r=Top/dl_category/estampes/estampes+de+mary+cassatt+(1844-1926)&navigation=0&dq=%23reset |date=February 13, 2024 }} {{in lang|fr}} <!-- * [http://jimmie.squidoo.com/cassatt-artist-study Squidoo page with some nice activities for children including coloring pages] --> {{Cassatt|state= expanded}} {{National Women's Hall of Fame}} {{Impressionists|state=collapsed}} {{New Woman (late 19th century)}} {{Modernism}} {{Authority control (arts)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cassatt, Mary}} [[Category:1844 births]] [[Category:1926 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:19th-century American women painters]] [[Category:19th-century printmakers]] [[Category:20th-century American painters]] [[Category:20th-century American women painters]] [[Category:20th-century printmakers]] [[Category:American artists with disabilities]] [[Category:American blind people]] [[Category:American expatriates in France]] [[Category:American Impressionist painters]] [[Category:American pastel artists|Cassa]] [[Category:American portrait painters]] [[Category:American printmakers]] [[Category:American women printmakers]] [[Category:Artists from Pittsburgh]] [[Category:Blind artists]] [[Category:Color engravers]] [[Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni]] [[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]] [[Category:Painters from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni]] [[Category:Women pastel artists]] [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala]] supmp380zkotomcs5oawhv8bxdgm5bj 0 30748 145298 144032 2026-07-30T06:22:58Z Temuera 1759 145298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Saeko Zōgō | image = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by the blind and visually impaired's speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = 藏合 紗恵子 | native_name_lang = ja | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|08|13}} | birth_place = [[Tsuyama, Okayama|Tsuyama]], [[Okayama Prefecture]], Japan | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | occupation = {{flatlist| * Actor * [[Voice acting in Japan|voice actress]] * singer }} | years_active = 2014–present | agent = Production Ace | height = 164 cm | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{Flatlist| *[[J-Pop]] *[[Music in Japanese animation|Anison]]}} | instrument = Vocals | label = Nippon Columbia | current_member_of = Two-Formula (with [[Kaori Sadohara]]) }} }} {{Nihongo|'''Saeko Zōgō'''|藏合 紗恵子|Zōgō Saeko|bɛ dɔɣi o la Anashaara goli August 13, 1984}} ka o nyɛ Japan paɣa ŋun kpɛriti kpɛrigu ka lahi nyɛ baaŋa ŋun yina [[Tsuyama]], [[Okayama Prefecture]], Japan. O tumdi mi ni "Production Ace".<ref>{{cite web|title = Saeko Zōgō @ Production Ace|url = http://www.production-ace.co.jp/s/zougo/|language = Japanese|access-date = May 12, 2014|archive-date = March 30, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075058/http://www.production-ace.co.jp/s/zougo/|url-status = dead}}</ref> O daa moli o amiliya Anashaara goli May 21, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2017-05-22/voice-actress-saeko-zogo-marries-reveals-wedding-photos/.116420|title=Voice Actress Saeko Zōgō Marries, Reveals Wedding Photos|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> ==Filimnima== ===Anime=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"| Notes ! class="unsortable"| Source<ref name="resume"/> |- |- | {{dts|2009|10|04|format=y}} || ''[[Heaven's Lost Property]]'' || Various Characters || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2010|01|06|format=y}} || ''[[Omamori Himari]]'' || Child || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2010|04|04|format=y}} || ''[[Giant Killing]]'' || Yoshio Fukazawa || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2010|10|01|format=y}} || ''[[Heaven's Lost Property|Heaven's Lost Property Forte]]'' || Maeko Asaka || <!-- ep 6 --> ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2011|04|08|format=y}} || ''[[The World's Greatest First Love|Sekai-ichi Hatsukoi]]'' || Various Characters || Also Season 2 ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2011|04|16|format=y}} || ''[[Deadman Wonderland]]'' || Harumi || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2011|07|09|format=y}} || ''[[R-15 (novel series)|R-15]]'' || Shimon Tegakari || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2011|10|04|format=y}}–2014 ||''[[Maken-ki!]]'' series || [[Maken-ki!#Chacha Akaza|Chacha Akaza]] || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref name="doi2"/> |- | {{dts|2012|07|04|format=y}} || ''[[Upotte!!]]'' || [[Upotte!!#Ichiyon|Ichiyon (M14)]] || Also OVA ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref name="doi2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/anime-spotlight/2012/spring/upotte|title=Anime Spotlight: UPOTTE!!|first=Justin |last=Sevakis | date=March 23, 2012 | work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2012|12|26|format=y}} || ''Jigoku Youchien'' || Kerubero-kun || Crowdsourced web-shorts project ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Crowdsourced Jigoku Youchien Project Gets Net Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-11-29/crowdsourced-jigoku-youchien-project-gets-net-anime|author=|date=November 29, 2012|work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2013|01|11|format=y}} || ''[[Problem Children Are Coming from Another World, Aren't They?]]'' || Caroro Gandack, Algor || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2013|07|07|format=y}} || ''[[Blood Lad]] '' || Sakurako || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2013|07|12|format=y}} || ''[[Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya]]'' || Child || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2013|10|08|format=y}} || ''[[BlazBlue Alter Memory]]'' || [[List of BlazBlue characters#Nago and Gii|Gii]] || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2013|10|09|format=y}} || ''[[Noucome|My Mental Choices are Completely Interfering with my School Romantic Comedy]]'' || Class Rep || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref name="doi2"/> |- | {{dts|2014|04|09|format=y}} || ''[[Dai-Shogun – Great Revolution]]'' || Okita Sōji || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-03-19/fuun-ishin-dai-shogun-anime-1st-promo-streamed|title=Fūun Ishin Dai Shogun Robot Anime's 1st Promo Streamed|author=|date=March 19, 2014| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2014|04|09|format=y}} || ''[[Chaika: The Coffin Princess|Chaika – The Coffin Princess]]'' series || [[Chaika - The Coffin Princess#Chaika Bohdan|Chaika Bohdan]] || Two seasons ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref name="doi2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-08-14/chaika-the-coffin-princess-anime-2nd-season-previewed-in-promo/.77616|title=Chaika – The Coffin Princess Anime's 2nd Season Previewed in Promo|author=|date=August 14, 2014| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2014|04|11|format=y}} || ''[[Date A Live (season 2)|Date A Live II]]'' || [[List of Date A Live characters#Shido Itsuka|Shiori Itsuka]] || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref name="doi2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-02-17/saeko-zogo-kanami-satou-join-date-a-live-ii-cast|title=Saeko Zogo, Kanami Satou Join Date A Live II Cast|author=|date=February 17, 2014| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2014|07|09|format=y}} || ''[[Love Stage!!]]'' || Gagarull<br>ガガルル || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2014|07|11|format=y}} || ''[[Tokyo ESP]]'' || Rū Ryūshi || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2014|10|06|format=y}} || ''[[Amagi Brilliant Park]]'' || Chiba Mama<br>チバママ || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2015|01|07|format=y}} || ''[[The Testament of Sister New Devil]]'' || Shiho Aikawa || Also ''Burst'' ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2015|01|23|format=y}} || ''[[Isuca]]'' || Nadeshiko Sōma || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/anime-spotlight/2015/winter/isuca/.82838|title=Anime Spotlight – ISUCA|first=Anthony |last=Foronda | date=January 28, 2015 | work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2015|04|08|format=y}} || ''[[Triage X]]'' || Siren<br>サイレン || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-04-08/triage-x-anime-ads-promote-premiere-tease-censorship-removal/.86904|title=Triage X Anime's Ads Promote Premiere, Tease Censorship Removal|author=|date=April 8, 2015| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2015-03-20/triage-x-anime-listed-at-10-episodes/.86166|title=Triage X Anime Listed at 10 Episodes|date=March 20, 2015| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/anime-spotlight/2015/spring/triage-x/.86593|title=Anime Spotlight – Triage X|first=Anthony |last=Foronda | date=April 17, 2015 | work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2015|07|08|format=y}} || ''[[Sky Wizards Academy]]'' || Freon Flamel || ||<ref name="vadb"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-12-06/iori-nomizu-performs-kusen-madoshi-kohosei-no-kyokan-anime-opening-theme/.81843|title=Iori Nomizu Performs Kūsen Madōshi Kōhosei no Kyōkan Anime's Opening Theme|author=|date=December 6, 2014| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/anime-spotlight/2015/summer/sky-wizards-academy/.90340|title=Anime Spotlight – Sky Wizards Academy|first= Anthony |last=Foronda | date=July 22, 2015 | work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{dts|2016|07|09|format=y}} || ''[[Qualidea Code]]'' || Student || ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | {{dts|2017|01|08|format=y}} || ''[[Idol Incidents|Idol Jihen]]'' || Konatsu Sanjō || ||<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=アニメイト|work=アニメイトタイムズ|url=http://www.animatetimes.com/news/details.php?id=1483725399|title=TVアニメ『アイドル事変』第2話より先行カット到着！アイドル議員たちが、かつて美しい自然で知られた村のゴミ問題解決に奔走!?|date=January 9, 2017|accessdate=January 9, 2017}}</ref><!-- doi2 --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-04/idol-incidents-anime-promo-video-introduces-tsunku-produced-opening-song/.109484|title=Idol Incidents Anime's Promo Video Introduces Tsunku-Produced Opening Song|author=|date=December 4, 2016| work=Anime News Network|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> |} <!-- NEED SOURCE ;2013 * ''[[Kuromajo-san ga Toru!!]]'' (Taiyō Hinata) ---> ===Video games=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"| Notes ! class="unsortable"| Source<ref name="resume"/> |- | {{dts|2015|12|17|format=y}} || ''[[Fallout 4]]'' || Cait || PS4, Xbox One ||<ref name="vadb"/> |- | 2017 || ''[[For Honor]]'' || Kensei || PC, PS4, Xbox One ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.4gamer.net/games/305/G030582/20170125023/|title=「フォーオナー」，日本語版キャラクターボイスを務める声優陣を発表。新トレイラー「赤き道」の公開も|last=|first=|website=www.4gamer.net|access-date=2018-08-11|language=ja}}</ref> |- |} * ''[[Granado Espada]]'' (Adelina Esperanza) ===Dubbing=== ====Live-action==== * ''[[American Graffiti]]'' (Budda) * ''[[Blue Crush 2]]'' (The Roxy Rep) * ''[[District 9]]'' (Phyllis Sinderson) * ''[[Marley & Me: The Puppy Years]]'' (Axel) * ''[[The New Daughter]]'' (Pam) * ''[[Red Lights (2012 film)|Red Lights]]'' (Rina) * ''[[Ruby Sparks]]'' (Mabel) * ''[[Saw 3D]]'' (Joan, Kara)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thecinema.jp/vod/childplay6-movie/|title= チャイルド・プレイ6/誕生の秘密|access-date= February 26, 2023|work= The Cinema}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''[[Scream 4]]'' (Jenny Randall) * ''[[Taken (film)|Taken]]'' (Ingrid) * ''[[Titanic (2012 TV miniseries)|Titanic]]'' ([[Dorothy Gibson]]) * ''[[The Ward (film)|The Ward]]'' (Tammy) ====Animation==== * ''[[Sofia the First]]'' (James) * ''[[Steven Universe]]'' (Sapphire) ==Discography== ===Singles=== * "Reach for Light" (Nippon Columbia, February 12, 2014) – Reached number 111 at Oricon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/561366/products/1054246/1/|title=Reach for Light – 藏合紗恵子|author=|date=|website=oricon.co.jp|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> * "Upon a Star" (Nippon Columbia, June 4, 2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/561366/products/1070702/1/|title=UPON A STAR – 藏合紗恵子|author=|date=|website=oricon.co.jp|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref> * "Triage" – Saeko Zogo Feat. Nagareda Project (Nippon Columbia, April 29, 2015) – Reached number 92 at Oricon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/143570|title=藏合紗恵子、流田Project迎えた「トリアージX」OP曲のMV解禁|author=Natasha|date=|website=natalie.mu|accessdate=May 5, 2017|access-date=March 15, 2025|archive-date=September 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927024736/https://natalie.mu/music/news/143570|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdjapan.co.jp/product/COCC-17012|title=Triage [Regular Edition] Saeko Zogo feat. Nagareda Project CD Maxi|author=|date=|website=cdjapan.co.jp|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/645961/products/1119997/1/|title = Triage &#124; 藏合紗恵子 featuring 流田Project}}</ref> ====As Two-Formula==== * "Somebody to Love" (5pb records, January 28, 2015) – ending theme song from [[Isuca]]. Reached number 135 at Oricon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/598995/products/1108418/1/|title = Somebody to love(ISUCAコラボ盤) &#124; TWO-FORMULA(藏合紗恵子・佐土原かおり)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isuca.net/staffcast/|title=Kadokawaオフィシャルサイト|access-date=March 15, 2025|archive-date=July 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005530/http://isuca.net/staffcast/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Nihongo|"Taiyou to Tsuki no CROSS"|太陽と月のCROSS}} (5pb records, November 27, 2013) – theme song from [[Noucome]]. Reached number 83 at Oricon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/598995/products/1042018/1/|title = 太陽と月のCross(のうコメコラボ盤) &#124; Two-Formula(藏合紗恵子・佐土原かおり)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amiami.com/top/detail/detail?scode=MED-CD2-14114|title = AmiAmi &#91;Character & Hobby Shop&#93;}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="doi2">{{cite web | url=http://www.usagi.org/doi-bin/seiyuu-lookup.pl?DB=ALL&value=Zougou+Saeko | title=Search results for "Zougou Saeko" in ALL database | work=Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database | accessdate=May 5, 2017 | date=May 5, 2017 | last=Doi | first=Hitoshi | authorlink=Hitoshi Doi}} </ref> <ref name="resume">{{cite web|url=http://www.production-ace.co.jp/s/zougo/|title=藏合 紗恵子 – 声優事務所・タレント事務所 – プロダクション・エース|trans-title=Saeko Zogo – Voice acting office / Talent office|language=Japanese|location=Japan|work=Production Ace|accessdate=May 5, 2017|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075058/http://www.production-ace.co.jp/s/zougo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="vadb">{{cite web | url=http://gph.sakura.ne.jp/va_memo/system/vadb.cgi?action=view_ind&value=04600&namecode=2 | title=声優さん出演リスト 個別表示：藏合紗恵子 |trans-title=Voice actor's appearance list individual display: Saeko Zogo | work=Voice Artist Database | publisher=GamePlaza-HARUKA- | accessdate=May 5, 2017 | date=January 5, 2017 | language=Japanese}}</ref> }} ==External links== * {{Official website|http://www.production-ace.co.jp/s/zougo/|Official agency profile}} {{in lang|ja}} * {{anime News Network|people|95716}} * {{IMDb name|5778360}} * [http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/561366/ Saeko Zōgō] at [[Oricon]] {{in lang|ja}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zōgō, Saeko}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Anime singers]] [[Category:Japanese women singers]] [[Category:Japanese video game actresses]] [[Category:Voice actresses from Okayama Prefecture]] 7e72c4y554l5jbu08bs5c319rol8e35 0 31559 145297 112572 2026-07-30T00:55:06Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} {{Short description|South African actress}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} '''Trix Vivier''' (bɛ dɔɣi o la 28 June yuuni 1988) o nyɛla South Africa kpɛrikpɛrita.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/arts/television/netflix-blood-and-water-trackers-cinemax.html|title=Netflix and Cinemax Go to South Africa for Real|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 June 2020|last1=Hale|first1=Mike}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/m-nets-hit-show-trackers-makes-its-international-debut-20200605-2|title = M-Net's hit show 'Trackers' makes its international debut}}</ref> O be filimnima ni kamani [[Netflix]] [[romcom]] ''Umjolo: Day Ones'', ''Juffrou X'', mini Multichoice's Telenovela ''[[Legacy (South African TV series)|Legacy]]''. == Filimnima == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Title ! Role ! Year ! Type ! Notes ! References |- | ''Fynskrif'' | Bianca | 2018 – 2020 | Series | Season 1 and 3 | <ref name="netwerk24-20191115">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/bekendes/hg-kuier-by-2-stersussies-fynskrif-se-lea-en-trackers-se-trix-20191115|title=HG kuier by 2 stersussies – Fynskrif se Lea en Trackers se Trix|first=Marisa|last=Fockema|website=Huisgenoot|accessdate=20 November 2023}}</ref> |- | ''American Monster'' | Rebecca Fenton | 2019 | Series | Season 4 | <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/trix-vivier/credits/3000366093/|title=Trix Vivier|website=TVGuide.com}}</ref> |- | ''Projek Dina'' | Megan | 2019 | Series | 1 episode | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.son.co.za/Alles-wat-mal-is/Gossip/nuwe-reeks-projek-dina-beloof-lekker-baie-drama-20191205 |title=Nuwe reeks 'Projek Dina' beloof lekker baie drama &#124; die Son |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206142643/https://www.son.co.za/Alles-wat-mal-is/Gossip/nuwe-reeks-projek-dina-beloof-lekker-baie-drama-20191205 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''Die Spreeus'' | Anita Erasmus | 2019 | Series | 2 episodes | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/sarie/bekendes/ons-praat-met/trix-vivier-nee-was-n-norm-20190426|title=Trix Vivier: ‘Nee was die norm’|first=Liani Jansen van|last=Rensburg|website=Sarie}}</ref> |- | ''Waterfront'' | Kate Myburgh | 2017 | Series | 2 episodes | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/die-burger/20170801/281612420479678|title=PressReader|via=PressReader|accessdate=20 November 2023}}</ref> |- | ''Die Boekklub 2'' | Jana | 2017 | Series | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/life/new-local-series-explores-a-dark-side-to-the-waterfront-20171002|title=New local series explores a dark side to the Waterfront|website=Life}}</ref> |- | ''Die Boland Moorde 2'' | Isabel | 2016 | Series | 1 episode | <ref name="netwerk24-20171103">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/nuus/nuwe-sa-ster-bieg-ek-was-n-pynlike-presteerder-20171103|title=Nuwe SA ster bieg: 'Ek was 'n pynlike presteerder'|first=Charlea|last=Sieberhagen-Grey|website=Huisgenoot|accessdate=20 November 2023}}</ref> |- | ''[[7de Laan]]'' | Tineke | 2018 | Series | 11 episodes | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/vermaak/tv/hokaai-sorg-trix-vivier-vir-nog-drama-in-7de-laan-20180817|title=Hokaai! Sorg Trix Vivier vir nóg drama in 7de Laan?|first=Michelle|last=Nortje (Saamgestel0|website=Huisgenoot}}</ref> |- | ''Suidooster'' | Yolandi | 2018 | Series | 28 episodes | <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/sarie/bekendes/ons-praat-met/legacy-se-trix-vivier-moes-aanhou-en-uithou-20210504|title=Legacy se Trix Vivier moes aanhou en uithou|first=Delia du Toit &#124; STILERING Fanie Cronjé &#124; FOTO Leana|last=CR|website=Sarie}}</ref> |- | ''Cowboy Dan'' | Joline | 2018 | Short film | Short/Comedy/Drama | <ref name="auto"/> |- | ''Versnel'' | Nadia | 2017 | Short film | Short/Thriller | {{Citation needed |date=May 2021}} |- | ''Van der Merwe'' | Receptionist | 2017 | Film | Comedy | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.atlanticsun.co.za/news/sky-is-the-limit-for-vredehoek-actress-10723694|title=Sky is the limit for Vredehoek actress|newspaper=Atlantic Sun|date=10 August 2017|access-date=10 April 2025|archive-date=21 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221094149/https://www.atlanticsun.co.za/news/sky-is-the-limit-for-vredehoek-actress|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Dating Game Killer (film)|The Dating Game Killer]]'' | Susan's friend | 2017 | TV movie | Crime/Histort/Thriller | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-dating-game-killer/cast/2030173080/|title=The Dating Game Killer|website=TVGuide.com}}</ref> |- | ''[[Legacy (South African TV series)|Legacy]]'' | Petra Potgieter | 2020–2021 | Series | | <ref name="auto1"/> |- | ''[[Trackers (TV series)|Trackers]]'' | Flea | 2019 | Series | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.algoafm.co.za/the-drive-with-roland-gaspar/mnet-original-series-trackers-launches-on-cinemax-in-the-usa-trackers-star-trix-vivier-talks-to-the-algoafm-drive-team|title=Website|first=AlgoaFM South|last=Africa|website=www.algoafm.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vrouekeur.co.za/bekendes/10-vrae-aan-trix-vivier|title=10 vrae aan Trix Vivier|first=Maryke|last=Roberts|date=31 October 2019|website=Vrouekeur}}</ref> |- | ''Fraksie'' | Jana Broeksma | 2022–2023 | TV series | – |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/bekendes/trix-vivier-se-nuwe-lewe-oorsee-ek-moes-myself-sonder-n-padkaart-herondek-20231006|title=Trix Vivier se nuwe lewe oorsee: Ek moes myself sonder ’n padkaart herontdek|first=Jody-Lynn|last=Taylor|website=Huisgenoot}}</ref> |- | ''Minder as Niks'' | Ami Prinsloo | 2022 | TV series | – | <ref name="auto2">https://www.netwerk24.com/netwerk24/kyk-en-luister/netwerk24tv/minder-as-niks/minde r-as-niks-al-die-episodes-op-een-plek-20221007</ref> |- | ''Juffrou X'' | Inge Bester | 2024 | Web series | – |<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|title=150 locals are extras in new TV series|url=https://www.georgeherald.com/Entertainment/Article/150-locals-are-extras-in-new-tv-series-202404221116|website=George Herald}}</ref> |- | ''Umjolo: Day Ones'' | Lead | 2024 | TV movie | Netflix |<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Akshay|date=28 December 2024|title='Umjolo: Day Ones' review: Of flawed creatures and more|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Dec/28/umjolo-day-ones-review-of-flawed-creatures-and-more|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |- | ''The Trek'' | Jakoba Uys | 2025 | Feature film | – |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/global-screen-the-trek-1235986120/|title=Global Screen Boards Supernatural Survival Horror ‘The Trek’ (EXCLUSIVE)|first=Leo|last=Barraclough|date=30 April 2024}}</ref> |} == Kundivihira == {{reflist}} == Further reading == * [https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/huisgenoot/20191121/283893049859680 PressReader.com - Digital Newspaper & Magazine Subscriptions] * {{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2020-06-11/whats-on-tv-friday-trackers-on-cinemax-coronavirus|title = What's on TV Friday: 'Trackers' on Cinemax; coronavirus|website = [[Los Angeles Times]]|date = 12 June 2020}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/local/all-the-glitz-and-glam-at-the-premiere-of-trackers-35271166|title = All the glitz and glam at the premiere of 'Trackers'}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/vrouekeur/20191101/281556587600088|title=PressReader|via=PressReader|accessdate=20 November 2023}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/netwerk24/sy-doen-dit-al-van-kleins-af-20171019|title=Sy doen dit al van kleins af|first=Maretta|last=Bellingan|website=Netwerk24|accessdate=20 November 2023}} <!-- paywalled --> * {{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/local/trix-vivier-is-proud-of-legacy-despite-covid-19-challenges-b63e3710-5e41-41d2-b681-7a14bcfbd466|title = Trix Vivier is proud of 'Legacy' despite Covid-19 challenges}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/bekendes/lea-trix-en-moeder-adri-ma-en-dogters-bekoor-sa-op-tv-20210219|title=Lea, Trix en moeder Adri: Ma en dogters bekoor SA op TV|first=Joanie|last=Bergh|website=Huisgenoot|accessdate=20 November 2023}} <!-- paywalled --> * {{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sarie/20200901/283347589536278|title=PressReader|via=PressReader|accessdate=20 November 2023}} == External links == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6366742/ Trix Vivier | Actress, Sound Department] * [https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/trix-vivier-836/ APM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514012724/https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/trix-vivier-836/ |date=14 May 2021 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vivier, Trix}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:South African actresses]] [[Category:Alumni of Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck]] [[pUBU:Lahabaya zaa]] gwg1zetpjgx4tjec6a98gluq8oruqjq 0 31618 145271 115189 2026-07-29T18:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} {{short description|South African actor (born 1992)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} '''Ryan de Villiers''' (bɛ dɔɣi o la 30 November yuuni 1992) ka o nyɛ South Africa kpɛrikpɛrita. Ka o nyɛ ŋun kpɛri kpɛriti kamani ''[[Moffie]]'' (2019). O pilila o kpɛrigu akpaaku zuɣu, ka di [[Naledi Theatre Awards|Naledi]] mini [[Fleur du Cap Theatre Awards]]. ==Piligu biɛhigu== De Villiers yila [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]] na ka zooi [[Eastern Cape]] mini [[KwaZulu-Natal]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2019-03-13-top-acting-award-for-ex-stirling-high-pupil/|title=Top acting award for ex-Stirling High pupil|journal=Dispatch Live|first=Barbara|last=Hollands|date=13 March 2019|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/lifestyle/2019-05-22-el-actor-de-villiers-scoops-prestigious-naledi-for-breakthrough-performance/|title=EL actor De Villiers scoops prestigious Naledi for breakthrough performance|journal=Daily Dispatch|first=Barbara|last=Hollands|date=23 May 2019|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://weekendspecial.co.za/ryan-de-villiers-matilda-the-musical/|title=Ryan de Villiers: Matilda the Musical|journal=WeekendSpecial|date=6 October 2018|access-date=30 July 2021|archive-date=3 July 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260703140604/https://weekendspecial.co.za/ryan-de-villiers-matilda-the-musical/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ru.ac.za/communicationsandadvancement/alumnirelations/latestnews/ryandevilliers2011.html|title=Taking 'jack and jill' to appealing terrain Ryan de Villiers (2011)|website=Rhodes University|date=8 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref> O chaŋ shikuru United States, din be [[Willamette University]], Oregon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.willamette.edu/worldnews/2015/02/27/hello-from-grahamstown-south-africa/|title=Hello from Grahamstown, South Africa|website=Willamette World News|author=Ryan de Villiers|date=27 February 2015|access-date=30 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731011825/http://blog.willamette.edu/worldnews/2015/02/27/hello-from-grahamstown-south-africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artistsone.co.za/men-26-33/972981/ryan-de-villiers|title=Ryan de Villiers|website=Artists One|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> ==Filimnima== {| class="wikitable unsortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 2019 | ''[[Moffie]]'' | Dylan Stassen | <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://culturemixonline.com/review-moffie-starring-kai-luke-brummer-ryan-de-villiers-matthew-vey-stefan-vermaak-and-hilton-pelser/|title=Review: 'Moffie,' starring Kai Luke Brummer, Ryan de Villiers, Matthew Vey, Stefan Vermaak, and Hilton Pelser|journal=Culture Mix Online|first=Carla|last=Hay|date=17 April 2021|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> |- |} ==Akpaaku== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | rowspan="3" | 2017 | ''The Woods'' | Grimm | Masque Theatre, [[Muizenberg]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://issuu.com/thepeoplespost/docs/peoplespostqr_20170124|title=Out the woods, onto the stage|journal=People's Post Retreat|first=Louisa|last=Steyl|date=24 January 2017|access-date=19 August 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819064509/https://issuu.com/thepeoplespost/docs/peoplespostqr_20170124|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''Jack and Jill'' | Jack | [[National Arts Festival]] |- | ''Measure Up'' | | FTH:K<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/ZA/Cape-Town/88080492223/FTH%3AK|title=FTH:K|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''[[Significant Other (play)|Significant Other]]'' | Will / Tony / Conrad | [[Fugard Theatre]], Cape Town<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/life/significant-other-the-charming-dramedy-about-the-hunt-for-love-15492541|title=Significant Other, the charming dramedy about the hunt for love|journal=IOL|first=Theolin|last=Tembo|date=15 June 2018|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> |- | 2018–2019 | ''[[Matilda the Musical]]'' | Miss Trunchbull | International tour<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/Vermaak/Teater/ryan-de-villiers-klim-in-miss-trunchbull-se-skoene-20180817|title=Ryan de Villiers klim in Miss Trunchbull se skoene|journal=Netwerk24|date=18 August 2018|access-date=10 August 2021|language=af}}</ref> |- |} ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Work ! Result ! Ref. |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | [[Fleur du Cap Theatre Awards]] | Best Performance by a Lead Actor in a Musical | rowspan="2" | ''Matilda the Musical'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/south-africa/article/An-Evening-of-Vintage-Celebration-at-the-54th-Fleur-du-Cap-Theatre-Awards-20190311|title=An Evening of Vintage Celebration at the 54th Fleur du Cap Theatre Awards|website=BroadwayWorld|first=Lindsay|last=Kruger|date=11 March 2019|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> |- | [[Naledi Theatre Awards]] | Best Breakthrough Performance | {{won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naleditheatreawards.com/naledi-awards-for-productions-staged-in-2018/|title=2019 Naledi Awards for Productions Staged in 2018|website=Naledi Theatre Awards|date=21 May 2019|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | rowspan="2" | CinEuphoria Awards | Best Supporting Actor – International | rowspan="2" | ''Moffie'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- | Best Ensemble – International | {{nom}} |- |} ==Kundivihira== {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{IMDb name|10865463}} * [https://www.artistsone.co.za/men-26-33/972981/ryan-de-villiers Ryan de Villiers] at Artists One {{DEFAULTSORT:de villiers, ryan}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:21st-century South African male actors]] [[Category:People from East London, South Africa]] [[Category:Actors from the Eastern Cape]] [[Category:Rhodes University alumni]] [[Category:South African male film actors]] [[Category:South African male musical theatre actors]] [[Category:Leipzig University alumni]] [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] 2ow612mqfnaa9eldlhcxa6hnf2lb0c8 0 33165 145265 137828 2026-07-29T15:57:39Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox river | name = Ogun River | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Ogun River''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) nyɛla ko'soli din be [[Nigeria]] ka nyɛ dun yiri kpɛri Lagos Lagoon. Ogun yaɣili nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ mɔɣili ŋɔ yuli boli shɛli.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/ | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 | access-date=29 May 2026 | archive-date=18 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418211517/https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> ==Course and usage== Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi tiŋsi zaŋ n-ti Septeri mini Shaki din be [[Oyo State]] ka di tarisi {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} ka nyɛ din zori gindi yaɣ'shɛŋa din pahi maa kamani Ogun yaɣili mini Lagos Lagoon yaɣili tiŋsi Isheri mini Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti chirigi [[Ikere Gorge Dam]] din be [[Iseyin]] yaɣili gomnanti zaŋ n-ti Oyo. Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ yɛliŋ nyɛla din paai kamani {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Mɔɣilli maa nyɛla din di tarisi ni Old Oyo National Park.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Ofiki Mɔɣili din gba nyɛ din miri Shaki nyɛla Ogun mɔɣ'kara la zaɣ'yini.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Oyan River]] nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ balli shɛli ka di nyɛ din chaŋ n ti chirigi [[Oyan River Dam]] shɛli din tiri [[Abeokuta]] mini [[Lagos]] kom la.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiŋgbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa niriba nyɛla ban suri kom mɔɣili ŋɔ ni, ka shɛba paɣiri paɣibu din ni ka shɛba mi nyuri kom din ni. Di lahi nyɛla luɣ'shɛli saɣiri ni tooi kpalinda di gbaai bahindi binkɔba shɛba bɛ ni kɔri saɣiri.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> ==Taarihi == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Aro bridge over the Ogun river]] Yoruba adiini puuni, Yemoja nyɛ buɣa zaŋ n-ti Ogun River. Charles Philips ba ŋun daa leei Bishop zaŋ n-ti Ondo nyɛla ŋun daa sabi yuuni 1857 n yɛlli ni Ogun mɔɣili ŋɔ daa na nyɛla luɣ'shɛli niriba jamdi bɛ buɣa hali ka di daa ti yiri kpɛri Lagoon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zori chirigiri old [[Oyo Empire]]. Oyo yaɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa pirigi yaɣa buyobu zuɣu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Saha shɛli, mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni daa mali nɛma doli [[Abeokuta]] mini Lagos Colony.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Afoonima == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river in Abeokuta which is referred to as "Odo Ogun" by the locals. File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Ogun river from the top of [[Olumo Rock|Olumo rock]] in [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|ogun state]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Sunset at Ogun river File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Dawn at Ogun river File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Bridge over Ogun river File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|River Ogun bridge entrance File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Aro bridge over ogun river </gallery> ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Rivers of Yorubaland]] [[Category:Oyo State]] [[Category:Ogun State]] [[Category:Rivers of Lagos]] [[Category:Waterways in Lagos]] t4ewo4hbcy24oiy4iebwgfzohsecyjd 0 33355 145270 140410 2026-07-29T18:26:45Z InternetArchiveBot 118 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 145270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruvyironza (bee Luvironza) Mɔɣili('''{{langx|fr|rivière Ruvyironza}}) nyɛla mɔɣili din be Burundi, di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli din chaŋ nti chirigi Ruvubu mɔɣili. Di nyɛla din tooi nyari di kom Nile. ==Course== Ruvyironza Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti Bururi yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Mount Kikizi nudirigu zuɣu kamani mitanima 2,145.{{sfn|Relation: Ruvyironza (5392957)}} Di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli ŋɔ nyɛla din miri Kiryama mini RIG6 / RP83 soli laɣmbu shee, ni ka mɔɣ'bihi zaŋ n-ti Nyabuyugi mini Kibazwa laɣim taba.{{sfn|Bururi USDMA}} Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbani maa tarisi mini Gitega yaɣili. Di nyɛla din zo gili tiŋgbani maa tarisi yaɣa shɛŋa pɔi ka naayi zo gari Gitega Province n chaŋ Mwaro yaɣili. Di lahi nyɛla zɔri doli Mwaro-Gitega tarisi wulinpuhili polo pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi nuzaa zuɣu ka nyɛ baayaɣi Gitega Province zaŋ chaŋ [[Ruvubu River]].{{sfn|Relation: Ruvyironza (5392957)}}Mɔɣa pirigi li din be Nile Basin yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Burundi nyɛla din zɔri chani nti luri Ruvubu bee Ruvyironza.{{sfn|Document d’orientation strategique|p=11}} ==Source of the Nile== Luvironza Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din nyari di kom Nile dama di nyɛla din be Nile basin, di mini mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 6,671.{{sfn|River Nile Geocities}} Di nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Ruvubu Mɔɣili, mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti [[Kagera River]] ka di nyɛ din zɔri kpɛri [[Lake Victoria]]. Bin din gbaai ni, mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali yuli bɔbugu: Victoria Nile, Albert Nile, Bahr al Jabal, White Nile n-ti pahi Khartoum.{{sfn|Nile Encarta}}{{sfn|River Nile Geocities}} ==Environment== Ruvyironza mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni tooi niŋdi pukparilim.{{sfn|nasalandcover}} Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo pam kamani kɔbishii ni pihinahi ni yika "per square kilometer" bin din gbaai yuuni 2016.{{sfn|nasapop}} Mɔɣili maa yaɣili maa nyɛla din mali tulim kamani {{convert|20|C}} yuuni puuni. Goli shɛli puuni tulim ni beni pam nyɛ Silimiin goli September, di ni ka tulim nyɛ {{convert|23|C}} ka goli shɛli puuni maasim ni beni nyɛ Silimiin goli April ni {{convert|18|C}}.{{sfn|nasa}} Lala yaɣili maa nyɛla din nyari sa'kom kamani {{convert|1,137|mm}} yuuni puuni. Goli shɛli puuni saa ni miri pam lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ Silimiin goli December ni {{convert|199|mm}} ka goli shɛli puuni mi o ni bɛ tooi miri nyɛ Silimiin goli July ni {{convert|1|mm}}.{{sfn|nasarain}} Nyabiraba din be Gitega yaɣili, Ruvyironza nyɛla din mali {{convert|728|km2}} kulibɔna ka di nyɛ din zɔri kamani {{convert|10|m3/s}}. Lala yaɣili ŋɔ yuuni saa mibu nyɛla {{convert|1209|mm}} ka saa yi kuli yɛlli ni o bi mi amaa ka ni {{convert|17.8|C}}.{{sfn|Ntungumburanye|Nindamutsa|2018|p=34}}{{sfn|Document d’orientation strategique|p=42}} ==Marshes== Ruvyironza kulibɔŋ nyɛla din mali yikanima kamani {{convert|8425|ha}} ka di puuni yikanima 7,310 bee kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii ni ayopɔin nyɛ bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi pukparilim tum yuuni 1998.{{sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement|p=20}} Ruvyironza Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Gishubi din be Gitega, ka nyɛ din waligi li ka chɛ Makebuka. Kanyangwa Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gariti Gishubi n chani nti chirigirin mɔɣili maa nudirigu zuɣu. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi pukparilimi. Tankpaɣu shɛli din be ni maa nyɛla din bi viɛlli zaŋ n-ti bindira niŋbu.{{sfn|Presentation de la Commune Gishubi}} Silimiin goli December yuuni 2015 sa'karili nyɛla din daa mi tiŋ yuli booni Muhaho, Gitega Province ka nyɛ din daa saɣim bindira pam din daa be Ruvubu mini Ruvyironza mɔɣa ŋɔ ni. Bindira kamani tuya, kawana, wulijo shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni daa pun n kɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa koŋ shɛli.{{sfn|Des champs dévastés}} Silimiin goli April yuuni 2024 ko'kpɛɣu din daa niŋ Ruvyironza Mɔɣili ni nyɛla din daa saɣiim bindira pam Nyabihanga, Mwaro Province. Kɔdɔriko din be Nyabihanga zaŋ chaŋ Gitega nyɛla din daa kabi.{{sfn|Ndabashinze|2024}} ==Hydroelectricity== Ruvyironza niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ shee nyɛla din be Gitega Province Gitega wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din be Karuzi yaɣili tibi zaŋ chaŋ Ruvubu mɔɣili. Di nyɛla tumdi n tiri Ruvubu Mɔɣili.{{sfn|Centrale hydroélectrique Rushanga}} Ruvyironza niɣilim buɣim ŋɔ nyɛla din be [[REGIDESO Burundi]] sulinsi ni ka nyɛ din daa piligi tuna yuuni 1980/1984.{{sfn|Nsabimana|2022|p=40}} Di nyɛla din mali yaa yaɣa dibaa ata kamani 425 KW, 1275 KW n ti pahi 850 KW.{{sfn|Ruvyironza Energypedia}} Lahabali din daa yina yuuni 2012 minista zaŋ n-ti "Energy and Mines" nyɛla din daa wuhi ni di yi niŋ ka bɛ yi niŋ niɣilim buɣim Ruvyironza (Luvi 047, 039, 012) ni di nyɛla di ni tooi mali yaa kamani 21.2MW.{{sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy|p=37}} ==Lihimi m pahi == *[[List of rivers of Burundi]] ==Kundivihira == {{Reflist |25em}} ==Din yi shɛli na == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=Centrale%20hydroelectrique%20Rushanga#map=18/-3.34734/29.98530 |accessdate=2024-08-15 |title=Centrale hydroélectrique Rushanga |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Centrale hydroélectrique Rushanga}} }} *{{Citation |ref={{harvid|CIESIN 2016}} |last=Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University |title=Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Count |date=2016 |url=https://beta.sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-count |access-date=2025-06-20 |publisher=Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) |doi=10.7927/H4X63JVC }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{citation |url=https://isanganiro.org/2015/10/12/des-champs-devastes-par-les-pluies-torrentielles-a-mutaho/ |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |title=Des champs dévastés par les pluies torrentielles à Mutaho |work=Isanganiro |date=10 December 2015 |ref={{harvid|Des champs dévastés}} }} *{{citation |url=https://ifdc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Dorientation-strategique-damenagement-des-bassins-versants-et-de-lutte-antierosive.pdf |title=Document d'orientation strategique d'amenagement des bassins versants et de lutte antierosive |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |publisher=Ministere de l’environnement, de l’agriculture et de l’elevage |location=Gitega |date=March 2022 |ref={{harvid|Document d’orientation strategique}} }} *{{citation |url=https://proreds.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Investment-opportunities-in-renewable-energy-Burundi.pdf |accessdate=2024-08-31 |title=Investment opportunities in renewable energy Burundi |publisher=Minister for Energy and Mines |date=October 2012 |ref={{harvid|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} }} *{{citation |last1=Linke |first1=Simon |last2=Lehner |first2=Bernhard |last3=Ouellet Dallaire |first3=Camille |last4=Ariwi |first4=Joseph |last5=Grill |first5=Günther |last6=Anand |first6=Mira |last7=Beames |first7=Penny |last8=Burchard-Levine |first8=Vicente |last9=Maxwell |first9=Sally |last10=Moidu |first10=Hana |last11=Tan |first11=Florence |last12=Thieme |first12=Michele |date=2019-12-09 |title=Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0300-6 |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6901482 |pmid=31819059}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |title=NASA Earth Observations: Population Density |accessdate=30 January 2016 |ref={{harvid|nasapop}} |publisher=NASA/SEDAC |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209064446/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |archivedate=9 February 2016}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |title=NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |accessdate=30 January 2016 |ref={{harvid|nasa}} |publisher=NASA |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |archivedate=11 May 2020}} Temperature data from satellite measurements of the earth's surface temperature within a box that is 0.1×0.1 degrees *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |title=NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM) |ref={{harvid|nasarain}} |publisher=NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission|accessdate=30 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |archivedate=19 April 2019}} Average value for the years 2012–2014 within a box that is 0.1×0.1 degrees *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1 |title=NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification |ref={{harvid|nasalandcover}} |publisher=NASA/MODIS |accessdate=30 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228161657/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1 |archivedate=28 February 2016}} *{{citation |url=https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/nyabihanga-une-partie-des-riverains-de-la-ruvyironza-dans-la-desolation-totale/ |accessdate=2024-09-06 |last=Ndabashinze |first=Rénovat |title=Nyabihanga : Une partie des riverains de la Ruvyironza dans la désolation totale |language=fr |work=Iwacu |date=9 April 2024}} *{{citation |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558310/nile.html |encyclopedia=Encarta online encyclopedia |access-date=2019-11-19 |title=Nile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513133842/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558310/Nile.html |archive-date=2008-05-13 |url-status=dead |ref={{harvid|Nile Encarta}} }} *{{citation |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/294843/1/Th%C3%A8se-Ren%C3%A9-Nsabimana-15-09-2022-compressed1.pdf |accessdate=2024-08-15 |last=Nsabimana |first=René |title=Quality of service and access to electricity in Burundi and East Africa, a comparison of sector performance |date=September 2022 |publisher=University of Liège}} *{{citation |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2021-12/etude_vulnarabilit_adaptation_ccbi.pdf |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |last1=Ntungumburanye |first1=Gérard |last2=Nindamutsa |first2=Astère |title=Etude de vulnerabilite et d'adaptation aux changements climatiques |publisher=Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage |date=November 2018}} *{{citation |url=http://www.provincegitega.gov.bi/index.php/communes/gishubi/decouvrir-gishubi |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |title=Presentation de la Commune Gishubi |publisher=Gitaga government |ref={{harvid|Presentation de la Commune Gishubi}} |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723165255/http://www.provincegitega.gov.bi/index.php/communes/gishubi/decouvrir-gishubi |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/5392957#map=10/-3.5574/29.8306 |accessdate=2024-09-05 |title=Relation: Ruvyironza (5392957) |work=OpenStreetMap |date=6 April 2024 |ref={{harvid|Relation: Ruvyironza (5392957)}} }} *{{citation |url=http://www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/5809/discover/nile.html |accessdate=2024-09-05 |title=River Nile |publisher=Geocities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020118190004/http://www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/5809/discover/nile.html |archive-date=18 January 2002 |ref={{harvid|River Nile Geocities}} }} *{{citation |url=https://energypedia.info/wiki/Ruvyironza |accessdate=2024-08-15 |title=Ruvyironza |work=Energypedia |ref={{harvid|Ruvyironza Energypedia}} }} *{{citation |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2019-12/sche-dir-amen-mis-val-marais.pdf |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |title=Schema directeur d'amenagement et de mise en valeur des marais |publisher=Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement |location=Bujumbura |date=September 2000 |ref={{harvid|Schema directeur d’amenagement}} }} *{{citation |url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/burundi/bururi-burundi-50k-4773iii-1981.pdf |accessdate=2024-09-05 |author=U.S. Defense Mapping Agency |title=Bururi |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |year=1994 |ref={{harvid|Bururi USDMA}} }} *{{citation |title=The Nile |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile |series=Monographiae Biologicae |year=2009 |volume=89 |pages=163–192 |last1=Vijverberg|first1=Jacobus |last2=Sibbing|first2=Ferdinand A. |last3=Dejen|first3=Eshete |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4020-9726-3 |location=Dordrecht |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9}} {{refend}} [[Category:Nile]] [[Category:Rivers of Burundi]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Tributaries of Lake Victoria]] 13hn7qknfdz9k2dcjjv97qm7clufdrv 0 33612 145258 144585 2026-07-29T14:04:56Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gro Brundtland''' (Norwegian yuli bolibu: [ˈɡruː ˈhɑ̀ːlɛm ˈbrʉ̀ntlɑnː]; o yuli dɔɣim yuli daa nyɛla Harlem; bɛ dɔɣi o la April bɛgu pishi 1939), ka bɛ lahi booni o Gro Harlem Brundtland, o nyɛla Norway tingbana dɔɣite ni siyaasa nira Labour Party ni. O daa nyɛla Norway tiŋzuɣu kpema pam pɔi, o daa tum li goli ata: yuuni 1981, 1986–1989, n-ti pahi 1990–1996. O lahi daa nyɛla o paati kpema yuuni 1981 hali ni 1992, n-ti pahi World Health Organization kpamba kpema yuuni 1998 hali ni 2003. Bɛ lahi mi o mi ni o daa nyɛla ŋun du Brundtland Komitii zuɣu ka komitii maa daa ti Brundtland Report din jɛndi "sustainable development" - biɛhigu din yɛn naagi.Bɛ ni daa wuhi o dɔɣite tuma, Brundtland daa kpɛ Labour Party ni ka lahi kpe government ni yuuni 1974 ka daa nyɛ Environment Minister. O daa lee Norway tuuli paɣa so ŋun lee tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni February dabaa anahi 1981, amaa ka chɛ li October dabaa pinaayi 1981. O daa lahi labi n-lee tiŋzuɣu kpema May dabaa awɔi 1986 ka tum hali ni October dabaa pia ni ayɔbu 1989. O daa lahi labi o tuuni ata November dabaa ata 1990. O ni daa chɛ tiŋzuɣu kpema tali yuuni 1996, o daa lee dunia zaa toondana "sustainable development" ni salo dɔro wumbu polo, ka daa tum World Health Organization kpamba kpema, n-ti pahi UN tuma daan so Climate Change polo yuuni 2007 hali ni 2010. O lahi nyɛla The Elders kpamba kpema sɔŋda, n-ti pahi Socialist International vice-president kura. Brundtland daa be la o paati sunsuuni yaɣili, ka daa sɔŋ Norway ni o kpe European Union ni yuuni 1994 bɔhimbu puuni. O ni daa nyɛ tiŋzuɣu kpema saha, bɛ daa bɔnna o mi ni "tiŋa maa ma". Brundtland daa deei 1994 Charlemagne Pini, ka lahi deei pina pam. == Piligu biɛhigu == Gro Harlem bɛ dɔɣi o la Oslo yuuni 1939. O nyɛla dɔɣite mini siyaasa nira Gudmund Harlem mini Inga Margareta Elisabet Brynolf (1918–2005) bia. O mali o tizodoo yini, Lars, n-ti pahi o tizopaɣa yini, Hanne. Yuuni 1963, Brundtland daa naai University of Oslo ka deei dɔɣite shɛhira gbaŋ, <nowiki>http://cand.med</nowiki>. O daa lahi chaŋ Harvard University yuuni 1965 n-ti deei o master's degree, Master of Public Health. Yuuni 1966 hali ni 1969, o daa tum dɔɣite tuma Directorate of Health (Helsedirektoratet) ni, ka yuuni 1969 piligi, o daa lahi tum dɔɣite tuma Oslo public shikuru dɔro wumbu tuma ni. Siyaasa tuma  Brundtland daa nyɛla Environment Minister yuuni 1974 hali ni 1979. Norway Tiŋzuɣu Kpema Brundtland daa lee Norway tuuli paɣa so ŋun lee tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni 1981. O daa tum February hali ni October. O ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinahi ni yini, o daa lee niriba puuni so ŋun daa nyɛ biɛɣu ka lee Norway tiŋzuɣu kpema. Brundtland daa lahi tum tiŋzuɣu kpema tuma goli ayi, ka di daa yuui pam. O tuuni ayi daa nyɛla May dabaa awɔi 1986 hali ni October dabaa pia ni ayɔbu 1989. Cabinet ŋɔ daa du dunia zaa yuli domin paɣaba pam ni daa be di ni: di zaɣ'kpani, bihi wɔbu ni, ministeri pishi ni anii puuni, paɣaba anii n-daa be di ni. O tuuni ata daa nyɛla November dabaa ata 1990 hali ni October dabaa pishi ni anu 1996. Brundtland daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1981 ka daa be nam maa ni hali ni yuuni 1992, o ni daa chɛ tiŋzuɣu kpema tali o tuuni ata saha. Yuuni 1996, o daa chɛ nam maa ka zali siyaasa gbaŋsabila. Ŋun daa zani o zaani nyɛla Thorbjørn Jagland, o daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1992, n-ti pahi tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni 1996. Brundtland daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1981 ka daa be nam maa ni hali ni yuuni 1992, o ni daa be o tiŋzuɣu kpema tali tuuni ata ni. Yuuni 1996, o daa chɛ nam maa ka zali siyaasa gbaŋsabila. Ŋun daa zani o zaani nyɛla Thorbjørn Jagland, o daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1992, n-ti pahi tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni 1996. === Tiŋa ni siyaasa === Brundtland daa labi siyaasa ni saha shɛli o ni daa lee Oslo City Council bɔhira yuuni 2023 tiŋa ni piibupiibu ni. Ka o daa di kuɣu din ni. ==== Dunia zaa tuma ==== Yuuni 1983, United Nations Secretary-General saha maa, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar daa boli Brundtland ni o yo World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), ka o lahi du li zuɣu. Bɛ mi li mi ni Brundtland Commission. O daa yo siyaasa yaɣili din nyɛ "sustainable development" - biɛhigu din yɛn naagi, ka di daa niŋla ninvuɣu pam bɔhimbu ni, ka di mali ninvuɣu zaa. Komitii maa daa yihi o lahabali "Our Common Future" April 1987, ka di daa che ka bɛ tiŋgi 1992 Earth Summit/UNCED. Maurice Strong ŋun daa be komitii maa ni daa nyɛla ŋun du li zuɣu. Brundtland Commission lahi daa che ka Agenda 21 fa. O ni daa be o tuuni ata ni, Norway government daa pili tuma yuuni 1993 ni bɛ sɔŋ secret suhudoo yɛltɔɣa Israel Government ni, Yitzchak Rabin ŋun daa nyɛ Labour Party kpema kamani Brundtland, n-ti pahi PLO ni Yasser Arafat. Di daa naai la Oslo Accords nuu sabbu. Yuun pam nyaaŋa, Norway daa lahi nyɛla ŋun be tooni Israeli-Palestinian suhudoo tuma ni, amaa America mi daa nyaaŋa deei bɛ zaani saha ŋmabu ni. O ni daa naai o tiŋzuɣu kpema tali, bɛ daa piigi Brundtland n-lee world Health Organization kpamba kpema May 1998. O saha ni, o daa zaŋla dɔro wumbu nɔhi waɣila. O daa yo Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Jeffrey Sachs ni daa du zuɣu,ka lahi yɛli ni wɔɣu nyɛla dɔro wumbu tuma kpema. Brundtland daa nyɛla ŋun tooni dunia zaa tuma ni bɛ chɛ cigarette niŋbu ni bɛ wuhiri salo, ni bɛ yɛri ba, n-ti pahi ni bɛ kpaɣiri liɣiri maa zuɣu. O ni daa du zuɣu, World Health Organization daa nyɛla tuuli kompini shɛŋa ban yɛli ni yɛn tum bɛ ni, a kɔŋ mi ni chɛ cigarette niŋbu. Brundtland saha ni, bɛ daa lahi yɛliya ni dɔɣu kompini nima mali nuu pam World Health Organization tuma ni. Yuuni 2003, Scientific American daa yɛli ni Brundtland nyɛla 'Yuun maa Siyaasa Toondana' domin o ni daa sɔŋ ni bɛ dam SARS yɛligibu dunia zaa. Jong-Wook Lee daa zani o zaani July dabaa pishi ni yini 2003. Yuuni 1994, bɛ daa ti Brundtland Charlemagne Pini Aachen tiŋa ni. Yuuni 2006 Brundtland daa nyɛla Panel of Eminent Persons ni, ban daa lihi United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) tuma. May 2007, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon daa piigi Brundtland, n-ti pahi Ricardo Lagos (Chile tuuli tiŋzuɣu kpema), n-ti pahi Han Seung-soo (South Korea tuuli tiŋgbani naa), ni bɛ ti tum UN tuma daanima Climate Change polo. == Kundivihira; == https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders qoy401l49n8xqjr9ja60otqniezgnso 145315 145258 2026-07-30T08:50:39Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gro Brundtland''' (Norwegian yuli bolibu: [ˈɡruː ˈhɑ̀ːlɛm ˈbrʉ̀ntlɑnː]; o yuli dɔɣim yuli daa nyɛla Harlem; bɛ dɔɣi o la April bɛgu pishi 1939), ka bɛ lahi booni o Gro Harlem Brundtland, o nyɛla Norway tingbana dɔɣite ni siyaasa nira Labour Party ni. O daa nyɛla Norway tiŋzuɣu kpema pam pɔi, o daa tum li goli ata: yuuni 1981, 1986–1989, n-ti pahi 1990–1996. O lahi daa nyɛla o paati kpema yuuni 1981 hali ni 1992, n-ti pahi World Health Organization kpamba kpema yuuni 1998 hali ni 2003. Bɛ lahi mi o mi ni o daa nyɛla ŋun du Brundtland Komitii zuɣu ka komitii maa daa ti Brundtland Report din jɛndi "sustainable development" - biɛhigu din yɛn naagi.Bɛ ni daa wuhi o dɔɣite tuma, Brundtland daa kpɛ Labour Party ni ka lahi kpe government ni yuuni 1974 ka daa nyɛ Environment Minister. O daa lee Norway tuuli paɣa so ŋun lee tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni February dabaa anahi 1981, amaa ka chɛ li October dabaa pinaayi 1981. O daa lahi labi n-lee tiŋzuɣu kpema May dabaa awɔi 1986 ka tum hali ni October dabaa pia ni ayɔbu 1989. O daa lahi labi o tuuni ata November dabaa ata 1990. O ni daa chɛ tiŋzuɣu kpema tali yuuni 1996, o daa lee dunia zaa toondana "sustainable development" ni salo dɔro wumbu polo, ka daa tum World Health Organization kpamba kpema, n-ti pahi UN tuma daan so Climate Change polo yuuni 2007 hali ni 2010. O lahi nyɛla The Elders kpamba kpema sɔŋda, n-ti pahi Socialist International vice-president kura. Brundtland daa be la o paati sunsuuni yaɣili, ka daa sɔŋ Norway ni o kpe European Union ni yuuni 1994 bɔhimbu puuni. O ni daa nyɛ tiŋzuɣu kpema saha, bɛ daa bɔnna o mi ni "tiŋa maa ma". Brundtland daa deei 1994 Charlemagne Pini, ka lahi deei pina pam. == Piligu biɛhigu == Gro Harlem bɛ dɔɣi o la Oslo yuuni 1939. O nyɛla dɔɣite mini siyaasa nira Gudmund Harlem mini Inga Margareta Elisabet Brynolf (1918–2005) bia. O mali o tizodoo yini, Lars, n-ti pahi o tizopaɣa yini, Hanne. Yuuni 1963, Brundtland daa naai University of Oslo ka deei dɔɣite shɛhira gbaŋ, <nowiki>http://cand.med</nowiki>. O daa lahi chaŋ Harvard University yuuni 1965 n-ti deei o master's degree, Master of Public Health. Yuuni 1966 hali ni 1969, o daa tum dɔɣite tuma Directorate of Health (Helsedirektoratet) ni, ka yuuni 1969 piligi, o daa lahi tum dɔɣite tuma Oslo public shikuru dɔro wumbu tuma ni. Siyaasa tuma  Brundtland daa nyɛla Environment Minister yuuni 1974 hali ni 1979. ==== Norway Tiŋzuɣu Kpema ==== Brundtland daa lee Norway tuuli paɣa so ŋun lee tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni 1981. O daa tum February hali ni October. O ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinahi ni yini, o daa lee niriba puuni so ŋun daa nyɛ biɛɣu ka lee Norway tiŋzuɣu kpema. Brundtland daa lahi tum tiŋzuɣu kpema tuma goli ayi, ka di daa yuui pam. O tuuni ayi daa nyɛla May dabaa awɔi 1986 hali ni October dabaa pia ni ayɔbu 1989. Cabinet ŋɔ daa du dunia zaa yuli domin paɣaba pam ni daa be di ni: di zaɣ'kpani, bihi wɔbu ni, ministeri pishi ni anii puuni, paɣaba anii n-daa be di ni. O tuuni ata daa nyɛla November dabaa ata 1990 hali ni October dabaa pishi ni anu 1996. Brundtland daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1981 ka daa be nam maa ni hali ni yuuni 1992, o ni daa chɛ tiŋzuɣu kpema tali o tuuni ata saha. Yuuni 1996, o daa chɛ nam maa ka zali siyaasa gbaŋsabila. Ŋun daa zani o zaani nyɛla Thorbjørn Jagland, o daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1992, n-ti pahi tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni 1996. Brundtland daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1981 ka daa be nam maa ni hali ni yuuni 1992, o ni daa be o tiŋzuɣu kpema tali tuuni ata ni. Yuuni 1996, o daa chɛ nam maa ka zali siyaasa gbaŋsabila. Ŋun daa zani o zaani nyɛla Thorbjørn Jagland, o daa lee Labour Party kpema yuuni 1992, n-ti pahi tiŋzuɣu kpema yuuni 1996. === Tiŋa ni siyaasa === Brundtland daa labi siyaasa ni saha shɛli o ni daa lee Oslo City Council bɔhira yuuni 2023 tiŋa ni piibupiibu ni. Ka o daa di kuɣu din ni. ==== Dunia zaa tuma ==== Yuuni 1983, United Nations Secretary-General saha maa, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar daa boli Brundtland ni o yo World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), ka o lahi du li zuɣu. Bɛ mi li mi ni Brundtland Commission. O daa yo siyaasa yaɣili din nyɛ "sustainable development" - biɛhigu din yɛn naagi, ka di daa niŋla ninvuɣu pam bɔhimbu ni, ka di mali ninvuɣu zaa. Komitii maa daa yihi o lahabali "Our Common Future" April 1987, ka di daa che ka bɛ tiŋgi 1992 Earth Summit/UNCED. Maurice Strong ŋun daa be komitii maa ni daa nyɛla ŋun du li zuɣu. Brundtland Commission lahi daa che ka Agenda 21 fa. O ni daa be o tuuni ata ni, Norway government daa pili tuma yuuni 1993 ni bɛ sɔŋ secret suhudoo yɛltɔɣa Israel Government ni, Yitzchak Rabin ŋun daa nyɛ Labour Party kpema kamani Brundtland, n-ti pahi PLO ni Yasser Arafat. Di daa naai la Oslo Accords nuu sabbu. Yuun pam nyaaŋa, Norway daa lahi nyɛla ŋun be tooni Israeli-Palestinian suhudoo tuma ni, amaa America mi daa nyaaŋa deei bɛ zaani saha ŋmabu ni. O ni daa naai o tiŋzuɣu kpema tali, bɛ daa piigi Brundtland n-lee world Health Organization kpamba kpema May 1998. O saha ni, o daa zaŋla dɔro wumbu nɔhi waɣila. O daa yo Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Jeffrey Sachs ni daa du zuɣu,ka lahi yɛli ni wɔɣu nyɛla dɔro wumbu tuma kpema. Brundtland daa nyɛla ŋun tooni dunia zaa tuma ni bɛ chɛ cigarette niŋbu ni bɛ wuhiri salo, ni bɛ yɛri ba, n-ti pahi ni bɛ kpaɣiri liɣiri maa zuɣu. O ni daa du zuɣu, World Health Organization daa nyɛla tuuli kompini shɛŋa ban yɛli ni yɛn tum bɛ ni, a kɔŋ mi ni chɛ cigarette niŋbu. Brundtland saha ni, bɛ daa lahi yɛliya ni dɔɣu kompini nima mali nuu pam World Health Organization tuma ni. Yuuni 2003, Scientific American daa yɛli ni Brundtland nyɛla 'Yuun maa Siyaasa Toondana' domin o ni daa sɔŋ ni bɛ dam SARS yɛligibu dunia zaa. Jong-Wook Lee daa zani o zaani July dabaa pishi ni yini 2003. Yuuni 1994, bɛ daa ti Brundtland Charlemagne Pini Aachen tiŋa ni. Yuuni 2006 Brundtland daa nyɛla Panel of Eminent Persons ni, ban daa lihi United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) tuma. May 2007, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon daa piigi Brundtland, n-ti pahi Ricardo Lagos (Chile tuuli tiŋzuɣu kpema), n-ti pahi Han Seung-soo (South Korea tuuli tiŋgbani naa), ni bɛ ti tum UN tuma daanima Climate Change polo. == Kundivihira; == https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders bjg178vv8akc2griylenvcbwh1nxebk 0 33614 145259 145229 2026-07-29T14:09:14Z Ibn Dagara 1830 Added more information 145259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Susan La Flesche Picotte''' nyɛla paɣa ŋun daa yina ghana tiŋgban puuni,(ka bɛ daa dɔɣu anashaara goli (June bɛɣu pinaayɔpoin dali, dali, yuuni 1865 – ka o kpi anashaara goli (September bɛɣu pinaanii dali , yuuni 1915 ni)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nebraskastudies.org/1875-1899/susan-la-flesche-picotte-first-na-female-physician/ |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte First Indigenous Female Physician |website=Nebraska Studies |access-date=28 May 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> o daa nyɛla [[America|ninvuɣi so ŋun yina]] ghana tudu din yuli bɔndi omaha zuliya,. O nyɛla bɛ ni daa mi so, ka o nyɛ tuuli paɣa so ŋun karim deegi shikuru shɛhirili gbaŋ din nyɛ "degree" ka jɛndi alaafee yaɣali.{{sfn|Speroff|2003|p=109}} O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ alaafee kampeen n-ti salo, ni bɛ ŋmaai tiŋgbani yaɣa shɛli ti Omaha zuliya. O daa nyɛla ŋun tiribi Omaha niriba kalli ban paai tuhili ni kobshii (1200), hali n-gari dɔɣitɛ shuba ban be gɔmnanti ashibtinim ni. Yuuni 1913, o daa nyɛla ŋun yina ti yooi o dahalali ashibti America tiŋgbani ni. Picotte daa nyɛla ŋun mali nimmohi pam zaŋ chaŋ salinim lɛbgibu polo ka lahi nyɛ dɔɣitɛ. O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ti tuhi kari dam nyubu luɣishɛli o ni daa tumdi dɔɣitɛ tali maa, di daa pahila kampeen shɛli o ni daa niŋdi ni di gu ka taɣi tubakulosis doro din daa ka tibkaŋ. O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun kpaŋ o maŋa soŋ omaha niriba ka be daa deegi bɛ amaana [[India]] kpamba sani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ kohi bɛ tiŋgbani. == Piligu Biɛhigu == Susan La Flesche daa nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimin goli June 1865, Omaha yiŋa ŋan be Eastern [[Nebraska]]. O lamba zaa daa nyɛla Omaha zuliyanima, ka bɛ piligu pili Europe, ka bɛ nyɛ ban ʒini dini yuui pam. Bɛ daa niŋ taba amiliya yuuni 1845 bee 1846.<ref name=Agonito-2016 /> La Flesche ba, Joseph La Flesche ka bɛ daa lahi mi "Iron Eye", daa nyɛla ŋun tabi Ponca ni French Canada. O daa nyɛla ŋun karim shikuru St. Louis, Missouri, amaa ka daa labi yiŋa. Bɛ mi o la Omaha nira. Yuuni 1853, Naa [Big Elk, ŋun daa piigi o ni o ti zani o zaani, ni La Flesche daa lee Omaha niriba toondana yuuni 1855.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} Iron Eye daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi kali paɣisibu, saha shɛli be ni daa ŋmaari politi ka di zaŋ zabli na Omaha niriba.{{sfn|Sweetland|1994|p=203}} La Flesche's ma, bihi piriba Mary Gale, ba n-daa nyɛ Dr. John Gale, America dɔitɛ biŋ ŋun tuma daa be "Fort Atkinson", ni Nicomi, Omaha paɣa, Otoe, ni Iowa zuliya.<ref name=Agonito-2016>{{cite book|author-last1=Agonito |author-first1=Joseph |title=Brave Hearts: Indian Women of the Plains |date=2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781493019069 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZ7RDAAAQBAJ |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|author-last1=Johansen |author-first1=Bruce Elliott |title=Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2010 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313355547 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FwyiW4rAD0C |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Gale daa lahi nyɛla [[Nebraska]] daabia kpɛŋ bipuɣinga, Peter A. Sarpy.<ref name=":1">{{cite thesis |author-first=Erin |author-last=Pedigo |title=The Gifted Pen: the Journalism Career of Susette "Bright Eyes" La Flesche Tibbles |type=Master's |publisher=University of Nebraska Lincoln |date=April 2011 |access-date=23 October 2018 |last= |first= |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismdiss/13/}}</ref> Kamani o yidana, Mary Gale gba nyɛla Omaha nira. Dimini o wumdi siliminsili mini French, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaɣisi ni o ku yɛli bali shɛli pahila Omaha.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} La Flesche n-daa nyɛ bia o mabihi ni, Susette La Flesche Tibbles (yuuni 1854 hali ni1903), Rosalie La Flesche Farley (yuuni 1861 hali ni 1900), ni Marguerite La Flesche Diddock (yuuni 1862 hali ni1945).{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=21}} O dɔɣiri kpɛma, Francis La Flesche, bɛ daa dɔɣi o la yuuni 1857, o ba paɣa ŋun daa pahi ayi n-daa dɔɣi o. O daa ti lee baŋdi kuɣinli ŋun baŋsim daa jɛndi Omaha mini Osage kaya ni ta'da. Di ni daa niŋ ka o zoora, La Flesche daa bɔhim o kaya ni ta'ada, amaa o laamba ban daa tɛhiya ni bɛ kaya ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn siŋ shɛli gbaŋ piɛla tiŋgbani ni. Bɛ daa bi ti La Flesche Omah yuli ka daa lahi zaɣisi ni bɛ bali o tapala.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=25}} O nyɛla ŋun yari Omaha mini o laamba (balantee o ma), amaa o ba mini o biɛli kpɛma, Susette daa kpaŋsi o ni yali siliminsili ni o mabihi maa, din yɛn che ka o zinli tooi valigi bala maa zaa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} [[File:Missouri River near Omaha Indian Agency. Mrs. W.H. Jackson in foreground. - NARA - 516607.jpg|thumbnail|The Missouri River near the Omaha Indian Reservation]] O ni daa nyɛ bia, La Flesche daa di shɛhira ka paɣa ninkurigu kpi dama America dɔɣitɛ daa zaɣisi o tibbu, dimini o daa kuli lo alikauli bushɛm ka bi palli. Picotte daa yɛliya ni dɔɣitɛ daa bi kpuɣi li ka di nyɛ yɛltɔɣa shɛli dama paɣa maa daa nyɛla yiŋ nira ka o che o ka chaŋla nohi piɛli. Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ n-ti pahi o tizo ŋun daa kpi o dɔɣim dali, n-daa kpaŋsi o ka o chaŋ ti bohim dɔɣitɛ tali.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ferry |first=Georgina |date=February 2019 |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte: a doctor who spanned two cultures |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |journal=The Lancet |volume=393 |issue=10173 |pages=734 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription }}</ref> O daa teei yɛlli ŋɔ ka yɛli ni dini n-daa kpaŋsi ka o chaŋ bohim dɔɣitɛ tali ni o mali li tibiri Omaha niriba. <ref name="changingface">{{cite web|title=Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_253.html |website=Changing the Face of Medicine |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=21 February 2018}} {{Source attribution}}</ref> == Shikuru == === Piligu shikuru === La Flesche ni daa nyɛ bia, o daa chaŋla adiini shikuru Omaha. Ban daa tuui gbubli n-nyɛ Presbyterians ka [[Quakers]] gba daa deegi, bɛ ni daa gbaai tiŋgbani zuɣulana Ulysses S. Grant suhudoo shaawara naai yuuni 1869.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} Lala shikuru ŋɔ daa nyɛla bihi ni gbɛri shɛli ka bɛ daa wuhiri bihi di ni tu ni America bihi taɣadeei ba shɛm.{{sfn|Hoxie|1984|p=54}} Yuun gbaliŋ shɛli zaa o ni daa be shikuru, La Flesche daa yi dini lab Elizabeth, New Jersey, ka daa kpe Elizabeth Institute n-ti niŋ yuma ayi. <ref name=":4">Tony (1999), 40</ref> O daa lab Omaha yaɣali yuuni 1882 nti wuhi shikuru bela dini. O daa lahi yiya chaŋ ni o ti bɔhim "Hampton Institute" din be Hampton, Virginia, yuuni 1884 hali ni 1886.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=47}} Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa yooi shɛli ni gbaŋ sabla shikuru di ni daa ka America tobu la ŋmɛ n-naai, amaa di daa wumsi America gba bihi.{{sfn|Mathes|1982|p=503}} La Flesche daa chaŋla Hampton ni o biɛli Marguerite, o biɛli Cary, n-ti pahi Omaha bihi pia. Bipuɣinsi ŋɔ daa bɔhimdila paɣatali tuma ka bidibsi mi bɔhimdi nuuni baŋsim zaŋ pahi bɛ ni daa bɔhimdi shɛli shikuru maa ni. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=50}} Di ni daa niŋ ka La Flesche daa na nyɛ Hampton Institute shikuru bila, nachinbila ŋun yuli daa booni Thomas Ikinicapi n-daa laɣiri o.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} O daa nyɛla ŋun booni o yurilim boligu, "T.I.", amaa ka o mini daa luhi wurim pɔi ka o naan karim siɣisi Hampton. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun karim siɣisi Hampton silimin goli May 20, 1886.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun deei pingahindili din wuhi karim bia so ŋunŋun paasi gari sokam.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Yuuni 1886, La Flesche daa gbaaya ni alaafee yaɣali shikuru.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=57}} == Alaafee shikuru == Di daa tooi niŋ ka paɣaba tibiri Omaha Indian yiŋa, amaa di daa bi zooi ka United States paɣaba chani alaafee bohimbu shikuru, ka sɛnchiri pishi yin'ka shikuruti biɛla daa piligi paɣaba deebu ni bɛ gba bɔhim alaafee tuma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> La Flesche daa bo soli ni o chaŋ alaafee shikuru applied yuuni 1886<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> ka bɛ daa deegi o niŋ Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), ŋan be Philadelphia, bɛ ni daa yooi shikuru shɛli yuuni 1850, ka di daa nyɛ shikuru shɛli din pahi shikuru shɛŋa bɛ ni daa yooi ni di wumsi paɣaba. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛ kuŋ n-ti yilikpɛrilana Alice Fletcher, ni o sɔŋ o laɣiri dama o. O yilkpɛrilana ŋɔ nyɛla fotogirafa ŋun tooi milisi ninvuɣu kara ban be paɣaba laɣinsi ni.<ref>Tong (1999), 61</ref> La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun na min sɔŋ awuraba Fletcher ka o labi shikuru.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Fletcher daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi La Flesche ni o paami Connecticut Indian Association, laɣingu shɛli zaya ti "Women's National Indian Association" (WNIA).<ref name=":5">Tong (1999) 61</ref> Lala WNIA daa nyɛla din bɔri ni di neei paɣaba nini ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ kpaŋsiri yiŋ sabta ka tooi ʒiri ba chani ka bɛ ti lɛri ba sabta mini biɛhi viɛli baŋsim.<ref>Mathes (1990), 8</ref> La Flesche, ni daa sabi ti laɣingu yuli booni "Connecticut Indian Association", o daa wuhi o sabbu maa ni, ni bɔrimi ni o kpɛri paɣaba ŋɔ yiŋsi ka mani dɔɣitɛ so ŋun kana ni o ti wuhi ba sabta tali ka tib bɛ doriti, yɛltɔɣa shɛli din daa lun zahim laɣingu ŋɔnim ni bɔri ni bɛ doli so shɛli.{{sfn|Mathes|1990|p=9}} Lala laɣingu n-daa nyɛ ban yo La Flesche shikuru yori, ka lahi yo o biɛhigu shee zuɣu, kunduma ni o bindara. Ŋuni n-nyɛ tuuli ŋun na min nyɛ lala sɔŋsim ŋɔ United States.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=68}}<ref name="changingface" /> Lala laɣingu daa zami ni o miri ka bo doo hali naai o shikuru ka siɣisi din yɛn che ka o tooi mali saha ti bohimbu.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} [[File:Susan La Flesche Picotte 253 12.jpg|left|thumb|Early photo of Susan La Flesche Picotte ]] WMCP, La Flesche daa bɔhimla "chemistry]", "anatomy", "physiology", "histology", "pharmaceutical science", "obstetrics", ni alaafee zaa, ni ka mani o taba, o daa tumla ashibti kara ŋan be Philadelphia, nti pahi shikuru bihi shɛba ban gba daa naai shikuru shɛŋa dabam, dobba ni ppaɣaba zaa.{{sfn|Morantz-Sanchez|1985|p=75}} O ni daa piligi shikuru chandi saha shɛli, La Flesche daa pa yarila o taba maa ni yari.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> = Dohite tali tuma = Yuuni 1889, La Flesche daa labi Omaha Reservation n-ti tumdi shikuru sheli daa be nimaani ka be India nima nuuni. Nimaani, o daa wuhiri la shikurubihi bini yen niŋ shɛm n gbubi bɛ ningbuna kashi ka mali alaafee <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Hali tiŋ maa nim daalaafee lihibu zuɣu daa ka La Flesche tuma ni, amaa di ni daa niŋ ka shikuru maa miri tiŋ maa n-gari Official Reservation Agency maa zuɣu, o daa kpaŋdila o maŋa n-lihiri tiŋbihi maa mini shikurubihi maa zaa daalaafee zuɣu[35]. La Flesche daa tooi tumdi paari hawa pishi ( 20 hrs) dabisi sheŋa ni ka lihiri ninvuɣ' tuhuli ni kɔbisiyi ( 1,200 people) daalaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O ni daa yoli paai nimaa kikaa saha, o daa nye ya ka akpahala luhiri baririm' ban kalinli kuli yahiri kɔbisi yobu <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O daa  mali  ti' sheŋa " Connecticut Indian Association" ni daa tiri ba ka di be shikuru maa ni n soŋdi shikurubihi maa mini tiŋ maa niriba ka daa lahi soŋdi ba ka be sabiri washiika nima ka lahi lebigiri bukunima be balli ni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Tiŋ' maa nima daa ti La Flesche yeda pam hali ka daa booni o na ka o ti lihiri be bihi daalaafee zuɣu ka guriba ka tahiri cholera, influenza, tuberculosis, dysentery ni trachoma[38]. Bɛ daa yeligi o piligu tuma duu din barilim daa nye 12 by 16 feet la n zaŋli lebigi tiŋ' maa nim lahimbu dua<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Yuun gbaliŋ ka o daa tum Ohama Reservation n lihiri barinim' daalaafee zuɣu ka o yuuni yori nye $500.00 ka o daa lahi deeri $250.00 "Women's National Indian Association" o ni da nye Medical MIssionary maa zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Gomnanti dohite  tuun tumdi sheba daa deeri yori gari lala lahi shɛli o ni daa deeri maa vaabu piya. Di daa ti niŋya ka tima naai Gomnanti nabi ti tima na, La daa zaŋla o yori n da tima n lihi niriba alaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuuni 1892 December ni, doro daa gbaai La Flesche ka do doni bakoi dibaa shem. Yuuni 1893, La Flesche daa lihirila o ma daalaafee zuɣu ka tibiri o maŋ gba. O ni daa kuli nye alaafee naai, o daa chela tuma lala yuuni maa ka kuli yiŋ n-ti gbubi o ma ŋun daa beri doya la<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Yuuni 1894, La Flesche mini doo yuli daa booni Henry Picotte (ka o daa Yankton Agency) daa nye taba ka be suhuri daa gbaai taba. Henry ŋun daa pun bola paɣa ka o mini o ʒi bi nani<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di daa niŋ La Flesche zonim lahiʒibisi pam ni bɛ zo mini Henry ni golisiri shem maa, di daa bi niŋ dabaayi ka bɛ daa bo taba yuuni 1894 June ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Henry mini o paɣa maa daa dɔhila bih' ayi bɛ ʒii puuni, bɛ bihi maa n daa nye Caryl bɛ ni daa dohi so 1895 bee 1896, ni Pierre bɛ ni daa dohi so 1898 la<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa na kuli tibirimi o ni daa dohi o bihi maa naai, ka o yidana daa lahi soŋdi o ka o tibira. Picotte daa tibiri la Omaha ni bari sheba ban daa be Bancroft ni tinkpansi din daa kuli miriba<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di yi daa  tiŋ talahi, o daa ʒirila o bihi maa n cheni n-ti tibiri niriba bɛ yiŋsi bɛ yi daa ti bili o<ref name=":1" />. = Public health reforms   = === Temperance === M-pahi, Picotte daa sɔndi Omaha nim alaafe bo n-ti maa, o daa lahi bo saha ti o maŋa n wuhiriba ban yen doli so' sheŋa ka mali alaafe waawaayili. O daa leribala baŋsim din jendi danyubo barinanima dama Omaha niriba pam daa nyela danyuriba hali Henry, o duu lana<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Nimaa daabihi daa tooi mali daam n-fari niriba hankali ka bɛ kohiri bɛ politi n titiba. Picotee, daa baŋ danyuba ni pa mali barina sheŋa bɛ tingbani maa puuni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. La Flesche daa soŋdi soli kam din yen tuhi ka kari lala yel' biɛhu ŋo maa hali di nyela bɛ yen  darigila so tibili. O ba daa zali zaligu ka daa yihi fukumsi buhibahi ashilo ni ni bɛ darigiri ninvuɣ' so kam bɛ ni nya ka o nyuri daam <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa yina n-ti tuhiri kariti danyubo, ka daa leri niriba baŋsim zaŋ bɛ beri viɛlli polo ni din tu ni bɛ sahi deei zali sheŋa ŋan yen tuhi kari ŋa ka di kpalim nye taali tingbani maa ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuma 1890s maa ni, picotte daa moya ni Thurston Country zali zaligu ka so ku lahi nyu dam tingbani maa ni amaa, o daa bi nya nasara, dama da, kɔhiriba maa daa zaŋla bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo ban daa dii bi chaŋ shikuru vienyela n daa tuhi zahisili[<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Lahibal' sheŋa mii yina ti wuhiri kamani da' kɔhirib' maa daa bola biela biela n-ti salo maa ka bɛ daa tuhi zahisi lala zaligu maa.. Di nyaaŋa, Picotte kpaŋ maŋ puuuni, bɛ daa zali zaligu ka bolli " Meilklejohn law", zaligu daa moŋ da'kɔhiriba ka bi ku too lahi kɔhi daam n-ti ŋun mali polo ka Gomnanti mi dizuɣu ka mali yeda ni ŋuna. Yuuni 1897 January ni ka bɛ daa zali zaligu maa amaa ka di daa niŋ tom pam ni bɛ zaŋli tum tuma <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Hali woyo, Picotte daa na kuli tuhiri ni o kari danyubo o biɛhigu zaa, hali Peyote adiini di daa kuli kpena Omaha Reservation o daa tahila nuu n-deei li yuma 1890s maa ni., o daa kuli zaŋ la suhulo n dolli ka peyote adiini nim maa daa zaŋ bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo o ka  tuhiri n kariti li niriba biɛhigu puuni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. === Sabta, tuberculosis ni polo ni alaafee kpaŋsibu sochibsi === Picotte daa lahi nyela ŋun kpaŋ o maŋ pam zaŋ chaŋ binyahiri ŋan jendi maŋ kashitali mini ti bindira zaa, ni binshehu kam ŋan kuli yen soŋ ka tuberculosis doro yihi ka furi<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. o daa nyela ŋun tum Walthil town health board ka daa lahi nye ŋun kpa Thurston Country Medical Society yuuni 1907.<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> O tuhubu zaa daa kuli jendila tuberculosis daro maa din daa ku Omaha ninvuɣ' kobisi ni o yidana, Henry yuuni 1905<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>. Yuuni 1907, o daa sabi washiika n-ti Indian Office m-balindi bori bɛ sɔŋsim amaa ka be daa bi tooi dama bi daa yeli o ni bɛ ka lihiri din yen son o maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Tim ni daa na kuli kani n-tibiri tuberculosis dor'yoli maa, Picotte daa kpaŋsi niriba maa ni bɛ niŋdi bɛ maŋ kashi ni bɛ ʒileli ni din yen che ka bɛ vuhiri pohim suma, ni bɛ lahi che ka bɛ bindira niŋ katiŋ ka che zɔhi dama bɛ daa tehiha ka bena n-ʒiri lala dor'yoli maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> === Walthill ashibti   === [[Lahabali kɔligu:Susan LaFlesche Picotte Hospital WalthillNE.jpg|thumb|Susan Walthill hospital ]] Saha sheli Picotte ni daa na be shikuru m-bohinda, o daa malila nia ni o me ashibiti bɛ ya maa ni( Omaha Reservation community)<ref name=":2" />]. O biehigu puuni zaa, India tuma duzudu sheli daa bi ti sɔŋsim ni bɛ me ashibiti n-zaŋ ti salo maa, dimbɔŋo zuɣu daa che ka o yi bɛ yela ni ka daa zaŋ o zahisim n labi ʒingama zuɣu nim sɔŋsim polo<ref />]. O ni daa bi tooi nya soŋsim o yanima sani maa, o daa chaŋ pressbytarian church nim sani ka bɛ ti o $8,000, Society of friends daa ti $500. O tuzo mini o yidan daa ti o politi, o daa lahi deei soŋsim sheŋa m-pahi[3]. Ashibiti daa yooi January yuuni 1913, ka daa leei Reservation tuuli ashibiti <ref name=":5" />. Ashibiti daa malila barinim dugbebo shee (general one) dibaayi din mali doo she' pinaayi, private wards dibaanu, dɔhim duu, operating room, shinsheraayi, duhili duu, ni reception room. Ashibiti maa daa tibirila Omahanim mini gbaŋpiɛla zaa, yuuuni 1915, barinim kobisinahi ni pihinahi ni anii (448) ka bɛ daa deei ashibi maa ni ka India nim nye kobigi ni pishi ni ayobu (126) bɛ puuni[3]. Walthill ashibiti daa kparila yuuni 1945 ka bɛ daa ti lahi yooli yuuni 1989 ka bolli " Susan La Flesche Picotte Center" ka di zan jilin' sheli bɛ ni mali n-ti Picotte <ref /> Picotte daa yuya ni o pa niŋdi politiisi n gari ni o lihiri niriba daalaafee zuɣu. O yidana ni daa kani naai, o daa pa zaŋ o zaɣa n niŋ politiisi ni pam. Ŋuna n daa nye gbaŋ ŋmara n zaŋti "interior" ka daa tuhiri m bori lebiginsim n-tiri Omaha <ref />. ==Siyaasa mini polo ŋmaati== ===Fali dibu yɛltɔɣa muɣisira=== [[File:Pawnee01.png|thumbnail|A map of the original lands held by the Omaha and other Plains tribes (in green), and their reservations (in orange). The Omaha reservation borders the Winnebago reservation in eastern Nebraska]] Polo ŋmaati yɛltɔɣa daa lahi yiɣisiya saha shɛli Picotte's yidana, Henry ni daa kpi yuuni 1905. O yidana ŋɔ daa kpimi ka che polo eeka kobiga ni pihinii ni anu (185) n-ti o mini be bidibsi ayi, Pierre mini Caryl, South Dakota amaa ka di naa niŋ yɛltɔɣa di kohibu saha. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Saha shɛli Henry ni daa yɛn kpi, gɔmnanti n-daa nyɛ ŋun su di fukumsi, ka daa ʒia ni o iyaala ŋɔ yi yɛn deei li shee bɛ zaŋ shɛbira gbana na. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Bibihi kamani Picotte bihi ŋɔ, di tumi ni bɛ mali gbana din wuhiri ni so sulinsi ni ka bɛ be.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} So' shɛli bɛ ni daa doli ni bɛ labsi laɣiri ŋɔ ti ba daa nyɛla waɣa ka tɔ, ka Picotte sabi gbana n-labi gbana n-ti India ɔfis ni bɛ baŋ o viɛnyɛla ka yihi o chihili ti o, ka R. J. Taylor, daa ti bahi dihi nuu ka saɣiti yuuni 1907, yuma ayi nyaaŋa o yidana ni daa kpi.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Amaa, o bihi maa ban chihili deebu n-daa lee niŋ tɔm. O mabia, Peter Picotte, n-daa nyɛ ŋun zani ti o bihi maa, amaa ka daa lee zaɣisi ni o saɣi ka bɛ kohi polo maa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Picotte suhi daa yiɣisiya ka o dii gbaai gbana sabi n-ti Commissioner Leupp, ŋun nyɛ India ɔfisi maa kpɛma, ka booni Peter Picotte danyura ka booni R. J. Taylor mi ŋun yɛla bi ne nini, ka pa zaya ni o maŋmaŋa n-nyɛ ŋun ni tooi gbubi o bihi maa laɣiri viɛnyɛla.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=151}} Lala saha maa ŋuna, bɛ daa pa garigi o yom, ka India ɔfisi sabi gbaŋ ti o wuhi ni bɛ yɛli Taylor ni o di doli Peter Picotte yɛltɔɣa maa.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Picotte daa deei laɣiri maa zaŋli kpe haayibu haayibu daabiligu ni ka di daa soŋ o ka zaŋ gbubi bihi maa mini o maŋa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=152}} Ka ŋɔ n-daa bahindi o mini gɔmnanti nyɛnyonigu ni taba. O bihi maa daa di la polo fali o yidana biɛya sani, ka di gba daa lahi tahi yɛltɔɣa na o mini gɔmnanti sunsuuni ka di daa lee ti naai viɛnyɛla yuuni 1908.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=153}} == Kundivihira == haey5ghngk8cf5qx5hicovmwwl4d0ru 145260 145259 2026-07-29T14:11:39Z Ibn Dagara 1830 Edited 145260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Susan La Flesche Picotte''' nyɛla paɣa ŋun daa yina ghana tiŋgban puuni,(ka bɛ daa dɔɣu anashaara goli (June bɛɣu pinaayɔpoin dali, dali, yuuni 1865 – ka o kpi anashaara goli (September bɛɣu pinaanii dali , yuuni 1915 ni)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nebraskastudies.org/1875-1899/susan-la-flesche-picotte-first-na-female-physician/ |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte First Indigenous Female Physician |website=Nebraska Studies |access-date=28 May 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> o daa nyɛla [[America|ninvuɣi so ŋun yina]] ghana tudu din yuli bɔndi omaha zuliya,. O nyɛla bɛ ni daa mi so, ka o nyɛ tuuli paɣa so ŋun karim deegi shikuru shɛhirili gbaŋ din nyɛ "degree" ka jɛndi alaafee yaɣali.{{sfn|Speroff|2003|p=109}} O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ alaafee kampeen n-ti salo, ni bɛ ŋmaai tiŋgbani yaɣa shɛli ti Omaha zuliya. O daa nyɛla ŋun tiribi Omaha niriba kalli ban paai tuhili ni kobshii (1200), hali n-gari dɔɣitɛ shuba ban be gɔmnanti ashibtinim ni. Yuuni 1913, o daa nyɛla ŋun yina ti yooi o dahalali ashibti America tiŋgbani ni. Picotte daa nyɛla ŋun mali nimmohi pam zaŋ chaŋ salinim lɛbgibu polo ka lahi nyɛ dɔɣitɛ. O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ti tuhi kari dam nyubu luɣishɛli o ni daa tumdi dɔɣitɛ tali maa, di daa pahila kampeen shɛli o ni daa niŋdi ni di gu ka taɣi tubakulosis doro din daa ka tibkaŋ. O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun kpaŋ o maŋa soŋ omaha niriba ka be daa deegi bɛ amaana [[India]] kpamba sani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ kohi bɛ tiŋgbani. == Piligu Biɛhigu == Susan La Flesche daa nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimin goli June 1865, Omaha yiŋa ŋan be Eastern [[Nebraska]]. O lamba zaa daa nyɛla Omaha zuliyanima, ka bɛ piligu pili Europe, ka bɛ nyɛ ban ʒini dini yuui pam. Bɛ daa niŋ taba amiliya yuuni 1845 bee 1846.<ref name=Agonito-2016 /> La Flesche ba, Joseph La Flesche ka bɛ daa lahi mi "Iron Eye", daa nyɛla ŋun tabi Ponca ni French Canada. O daa nyɛla ŋun karim shikuru St. Louis, Missouri, amaa ka daa labi yiŋa. Bɛ mi o la Omaha nira. Yuuni 1853, Naa [Big Elk, ŋun daa piigi o ni o ti zani o zaani, ni La Flesche daa lee Omaha niriba toondana yuuni 1855.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} Iron Eye daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi kali paɣisibu, saha shɛli be ni daa ŋmaari politi ka di zaŋ zabli na Omaha niriba.{{sfn|Sweetland|1994|p=203}} La Flesche's ma, bihi piriba Mary Gale, ba n-daa nyɛ Dr. John Gale, America dɔitɛ biŋ ŋun tuma daa be "Fort Atkinson", ni Nicomi, Omaha paɣa, Otoe, ni Iowa zuliya.<ref name=Agonito-2016>{{cite book|author-last1=Agonito |author-first1=Joseph |title=Brave Hearts: Indian Women of the Plains |date=2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781493019069 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZ7RDAAAQBAJ |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|author-last1=Johansen |author-first1=Bruce Elliott |title=Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2010 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313355547 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FwyiW4rAD0C |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Gale daa lahi nyɛla [[Nebraska]] daabia kpɛŋ bipuɣinga, Peter A. Sarpy.<ref name=":1">{{cite thesis |author-first=Erin |author-last=Pedigo |title=The Gifted Pen: the Journalism Career of Susette "Bright Eyes" La Flesche Tibbles |type=Master's |publisher=University of Nebraska Lincoln |date=April 2011 |access-date=23 October 2018 |last= |first= |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismdiss/13/}}</ref> Kamani o yidana, Mary Gale gba nyɛla Omaha nira. Dimini o wumdi siliminsili mini French, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaɣisi ni o ku yɛli bali shɛli pahila Omaha.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} La Flesche n-daa nyɛ bia o mabihi ni, Susette La Flesche Tibbles (yuuni 1854 hali ni1903), Rosalie La Flesche Farley (yuuni 1861 hali ni 1900), ni Marguerite La Flesche Diddock (yuuni 1862 hali ni1945).{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=21}} O dɔɣiri kpɛma, Francis La Flesche, bɛ daa dɔɣi o la yuuni 1857, o ba paɣa ŋun daa pahi ayi n-daa dɔɣi o. O daa ti lee baŋdi kuɣinli ŋun baŋsim daa jɛndi Omaha mini Osage kaya ni ta'da. Di ni daa niŋ ka o zoora, La Flesche daa bɔhim o kaya ni ta'ada, amaa o laamba ban daa tɛhiya ni bɛ kaya ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn siŋ shɛli gbaŋ piɛla tiŋgbani ni. Bɛ daa bi ti La Flesche Omah yuli ka daa lahi zaɣisi ni bɛ bali o tapala.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=25}} O nyɛla ŋun yari Omaha mini o laamba (balantee o ma), amaa o ba mini o biɛli kpɛma, Susette daa kpaŋsi o ni yali siliminsili ni o mabihi maa, din yɛn che ka o zinli tooi valigi bala maa zaa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} [[File:Missouri River near Omaha Indian Agency. Mrs. W.H. Jackson in foreground. - NARA - 516607.jpg|thumbnail|The Missouri River near the Omaha Indian Reservation]] O ni daa nyɛ bia, La Flesche daa di shɛhira ka paɣa ninkurigu kpi dama America dɔɣitɛ daa zaɣisi o tibbu, dimini o daa kuli lo alikauli bushɛm ka bi palli. Picotte daa yɛliya ni dɔɣitɛ daa bi kpuɣi li ka di nyɛ yɛltɔɣa shɛli dama paɣa maa daa nyɛla yiŋ nira ka o che o ka chaŋla nohi piɛli. Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ n-ti pahi o tizo ŋun daa kpi o dɔɣim dali, n-daa kpaŋsi o ka o chaŋ ti bohim dɔɣitɛ tali.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ferry |first=Georgina |date=February 2019 |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte: a doctor who spanned two cultures |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |journal=The Lancet |volume=393 |issue=10173 |pages=734 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription }}</ref> O daa teei yɛlli ŋɔ ka yɛli ni dini n-daa kpaŋsi ka o chaŋ bohim dɔɣitɛ tali ni o mali li tibiri Omaha niriba. <ref name="changingface">{{cite web|title=Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_253.html |website=Changing the Face of Medicine |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=21 February 2018}} {{Source attribution}}</ref> == Shikuru == === Piligu shikuru === La Flesche ni daa nyɛ bia, o daa chaŋla adiini shikuru Omaha. Ban daa tuui gbubli n-nyɛ Presbyterians ka [[Quakers]] gba daa deegi, bɛ ni daa gbaai tiŋgbani zuɣulana Ulysses S. Grant suhudoo shaawara naai yuuni 1869.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} Lala shikuru ŋɔ daa nyɛla bihi ni gbɛri shɛli ka bɛ daa wuhiri bihi di ni tu ni America bihi taɣadeei ba shɛm.{{sfn|Hoxie|1984|p=54}} Yuun gbaliŋ shɛli zaa o ni daa be shikuru, La Flesche daa yi dini lab Elizabeth, New Jersey, ka daa kpe Elizabeth Institute n-ti niŋ yuma ayi. <ref name=":4">Tony (1999), 40</ref> O daa lab Omaha yaɣali yuuni 1882 nti wuhi shikuru bela dini. O daa lahi yiya chaŋ ni o ti bɔhim "Hampton Institute" din be Hampton, Virginia, yuuni 1884 hali ni 1886.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=47}} Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa yooi shɛli ni gbaŋ sabla shikuru di ni daa ka America tobu la ŋmɛ n-naai, amaa di daa wumsi America gba bihi.{{sfn|Mathes|1982|p=503}} La Flesche daa chaŋla Hampton ni o biɛli Marguerite, o biɛli Cary, n-ti pahi Omaha bihi pia. Bipuɣinsi ŋɔ daa bɔhimdila paɣatali tuma ka bidibsi mi bɔhimdi nuuni baŋsim zaŋ pahi bɛ ni daa bɔhimdi shɛli shikuru maa ni. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=50}} Di ni daa niŋ ka La Flesche daa na nyɛ Hampton Institute shikuru bila, nachinbila ŋun yuli daa booni Thomas Ikinicapi n-daa laɣiri o.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} O daa nyɛla ŋun booni o yurilim boligu, "T.I.", amaa ka o mini daa luhi wurim pɔi ka o naan karim siɣisi Hampton. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun karim siɣisi Hampton silimin goli May 20, 1886.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun deei pingahindili din wuhi karim bia so ŋunŋun paasi gari sokam.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Yuuni 1886, La Flesche daa gbaaya ni alaafee yaɣali shikuru.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=57}} == Alaafee shikuru == Di daa tooi niŋ ka paɣaba tibiri Omaha Indian yiŋa, amaa di daa bi zooi ka United States paɣaba chani alaafee bohimbu shikuru, ka sɛnchiri pishi yin'ka shikuruti biɛla daa piligi paɣaba deebu ni bɛ gba bɔhim alaafee tuma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> La Flesche daa bo soli ni o chaŋ alaafee shikuru applied yuuni 1886<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> ka bɛ daa deegi o niŋ Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), ŋan be Philadelphia, bɛ ni daa yooi shikuru shɛli yuuni 1850, ka di daa nyɛ shikuru shɛli din pahi shikuru shɛŋa bɛ ni daa yooi ni di wumsi paɣaba. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛ kuŋ n-ti yilikpɛrilana Alice Fletcher, ni o sɔŋ o laɣiri dama o. O yilkpɛrilana ŋɔ nyɛla fotogirafa ŋun tooi milisi ninvuɣu kara ban be paɣaba laɣinsi ni.<ref>Tong (1999), 61</ref> La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun na min sɔŋ awuraba Fletcher ka o labi shikuru.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Fletcher daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi La Flesche ni o paami Connecticut Indian Association, laɣingu shɛli zaya ti "Women's National Indian Association" (WNIA).<ref name=":5">Tong (1999) 61</ref> Lala WNIA daa nyɛla din bɔri ni di neei paɣaba nini ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ kpaŋsiri yiŋ sabta ka tooi ʒiri ba chani ka bɛ ti lɛri ba sabta mini biɛhi viɛli baŋsim.<ref>Mathes (1990), 8</ref> La Flesche, ni daa sabi ti laɣingu yuli booni "Connecticut Indian Association", o daa wuhi o sabbu maa ni, ni bɔrimi ni o kpɛri paɣaba ŋɔ yiŋsi ka mani dɔɣitɛ so ŋun kana ni o ti wuhi ba sabta tali ka tib bɛ doriti, yɛltɔɣa shɛli din daa lun zahim laɣingu ŋɔnim ni bɔri ni bɛ doli so shɛli.{{sfn|Mathes|1990|p=9}} Lala laɣingu n-daa nyɛ ban yo La Flesche shikuru yori, ka lahi yo o biɛhigu shee zuɣu, kunduma ni o bindara. Ŋuni n-nyɛ tuuli ŋun na min nyɛ lala sɔŋsim ŋɔ United States.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=68}}<ref name="changingface" /> Lala laɣingu daa zami ni o miri ka bo doo hali naai o shikuru ka siɣisi din yɛn che ka o tooi mali saha ti bohimbu.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} [[File:Susan La Flesche Picotte 253 12.jpg|left|thumb|Early photo of Susan La Flesche Picotte ]] WMCP, La Flesche daa bɔhimla "chemistry]", "anatomy", "physiology", "histology", "pharmaceutical science", "obstetrics", ni alaafee zaa, ni ka mani o taba, o daa tumla ashibti kara ŋan be Philadelphia, nti pahi shikuru bihi shɛba ban gba daa naai shikuru shɛŋa dabam, dobba ni ppaɣaba zaa.{{sfn|Morantz-Sanchez|1985|p=75}} O ni daa piligi shikuru chandi saha shɛli, La Flesche daa pa yarila o taba maa ni yari.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> = Dohite tali tuma = Yuuni 1889, La Flesche daa labi Omaha Reservation n-ti tumdi shikuru sheli daa be nimaani ka be India nima nuuni. Nimaani, o daa wuhiri la shikurubihi bini yen niŋ shɛm n gbubi bɛ ningbuna kashi ka mali alaafee <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Hali tiŋ maa nim daalaafee lihibu zuɣu daa ka La Flesche tuma ni, amaa di ni daa niŋ ka shikuru maa miri tiŋ maa n-gari Official Reservation Agency maa zuɣu, o daa kpaŋdila o maŋa n-lihiri tiŋbihi maa mini shikurubihi maa zaa daalaafee zuɣu[35]. La Flesche daa tooi tumdi paari hawa pishi ( 20 hrs) dabisi sheŋa ni ka lihiri ninvuɣ' tuhuli ni kɔbisiyi ( 1,200 people) daalaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O ni daa yoli paai nimaa kikaa saha, o daa nye ya ka akpahala luhiri baririm' ban kalinli kuli yahiri kɔbisi yobu <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O daa  mali  ti' sheŋa " Connecticut Indian Association" ni daa tiri ba ka di be shikuru maa ni n soŋdi shikurubihi maa mini tiŋ maa niriba ka daa lahi soŋdi ba ka be sabiri washiika nima ka lahi lebigiri bukunima be balli ni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Tiŋ' maa nima daa ti La Flesche yeda pam hali ka daa booni o na ka o ti lihiri be bihi daalaafee zuɣu ka guriba ka tahiri cholera, influenza, tuberculosis, dysentery ni trachoma[38]. Bɛ daa yeligi o piligu tuma duu din barilim daa nye 12 by 16 feet la n zaŋli lebigi tiŋ' maa nim lahimbu dua<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Yuun gbaliŋ ka o daa tum Ohama Reservation n lihiri barinim' daalaafee zuɣu ka o yuuni yori nye $500.00 ka o daa lahi deeri $250.00 "Women's National Indian Association" o ni da nye Medical MIssionary maa zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Gomnanti dohite  tuun tumdi sheba daa deeri yori gari lala lahi shɛli o ni daa deeri maa vaabu piya. Di daa ti niŋya ka tima naai Gomnanti nabi ti tima na, La daa zaŋla o yori n da tima n lihi niriba alaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuuni 1892 December ni, doro daa gbaai La Flesche ka do doni bakoi dibaa shem. Yuuni 1893, La Flesche daa lihirila o ma daalaafee zuɣu ka tibiri o maŋ gba. O ni daa kuli nye alaafee naai, o daa chela tuma lala yuuni maa ka kuli yiŋ n-ti gbubi o ma ŋun daa beri doya la<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Yuuni 1894, La Flesche mini doo yuli daa booni Henry Picotte (ka o daa Yankton Agency) daa nye taba ka be suhuri daa gbaai taba. Henry ŋun daa pun bola paɣa ka o mini o ʒi bi nani<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di daa niŋ La Flesche zonim lahiʒibisi pam ni bɛ zo mini Henry ni golisiri shem maa, di daa bi niŋ dabaayi ka bɛ daa bo taba yuuni 1894 June ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Henry mini o paɣa maa daa dɔhila bih' ayi bɛ ʒii puuni, bɛ bihi maa n daa nye Caryl bɛ ni daa dohi so 1895 bee 1896, ni Pierre bɛ ni daa dohi so 1898 la<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa na kuli tibirimi o ni daa dohi o bihi maa naai, ka o yidana daa lahi soŋdi o ka o tibira. Picotte daa tibiri la Omaha ni bari sheba ban daa be Bancroft ni tinkpansi din daa kuli miriba<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di yi daa  tiŋ talahi, o daa ʒirila o bihi maa n cheni n-ti tibiri niriba bɛ yiŋsi bɛ yi daa ti bili o<ref name=":1" />. = Public health reforms   = === Temperance === M-pahi, Picotte daa sɔndi Omaha nim alaafe bo n-ti maa, o daa lahi bo saha ti o maŋa n wuhiriba ban yen doli so' sheŋa ka mali alaafe waawaayili. O daa leribala baŋsim din jendi danyubo barinanima dama Omaha niriba pam daa nyela danyuriba hali Henry, o duu lana<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Nimaa daabihi daa tooi mali daam n-fari niriba hankali ka bɛ kohiri bɛ politi n titiba. Picotee, daa baŋ danyuba ni pa mali barina sheŋa bɛ tingbani maa puuni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. La Flesche daa soŋdi soli kam din yen tuhi ka kari lala yel' biɛhu ŋo maa hali di nyela bɛ yen  darigila so tibili. O ba daa zali zaligu ka daa yihi fukumsi buhibahi ashilo ni ni bɛ darigiri ninvuɣ' so kam bɛ ni nya ka o nyuri daam <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa yina n-ti tuhiri kariti danyubo, ka daa leri niriba baŋsim zaŋ bɛ beri viɛlli polo ni din tu ni bɛ sahi deei zali sheŋa ŋan yen tuhi kari ŋa ka di kpalim nye taali tingbani maa ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuma 1890s maa ni, picotte daa moya ni Thurston Country zali zaligu ka so ku lahi nyu dam tingbani maa ni amaa, o daa bi nya nasara, dama da, kɔhiriba maa daa zaŋla bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo ban daa dii bi chaŋ shikuru vienyela n daa tuhi zahisili[<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Lahibal' sheŋa mii yina ti wuhiri kamani da' kɔhirib' maa daa bola biela biela n-ti salo maa ka bɛ daa tuhi zahisi lala zaligu maa.. Di nyaaŋa, Picotte kpaŋ maŋ puuuni, bɛ daa zali zaligu ka bolli " Meilklejohn law", zaligu daa moŋ da'kɔhiriba ka bi ku too lahi kɔhi daam n-ti ŋun mali polo ka Gomnanti mi dizuɣu ka mali yeda ni ŋuna. Yuuni 1897 January ni ka bɛ daa zali zaligu maa amaa ka di daa niŋ tom pam ni bɛ zaŋli tum tuma <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Hali woyo, Picotte daa na kuli tuhiri ni o kari danyubo o biɛhigu zaa, hali Peyote adiini di daa kuli kpena Omaha Reservation o daa tahila nuu n-deei li yuma 1890s maa ni., o daa kuli zaŋ la suhulo n dolli ka peyote adiini nim maa daa zaŋ bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo o ka  tuhiri n kariti li niriba biɛhigu puuni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. === Sabta, tuberculosis ni polo ni alaafee kpaŋsibu sochibsi === Picotte daa lahi nyela ŋun kpaŋ o maŋ pam zaŋ chaŋ binyahiri ŋan jendi maŋ kashitali mini ti bindira zaa, ni binshehu kam ŋan kuli yen soŋ ka tuberculosis doro yihi ka furi<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. o daa nyela ŋun tum Walthil town health board ka daa lahi nye ŋun kpa Thurston Country Medical Society yuuni 1907.<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> O tuhubu zaa daa kuli jendila tuberculosis daro maa din daa ku Omaha ninvuɣ' kobisi ni o yidana, Henry yuuni 1905<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>. Yuuni 1907, o daa sabi washiika n-ti Indian Office m-balindi bori bɛ sɔŋsim amaa ka be daa bi tooi dama bi daa yeli o ni bɛ ka lihiri din yen son o maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Tim ni daa na kuli kani n-tibiri tuberculosis dor'yoli maa, Picotte daa kpaŋsi niriba maa ni bɛ niŋdi bɛ maŋ kashi ni bɛ ʒileli ni din yen che ka bɛ vuhiri pohim suma, ni bɛ lahi che ka bɛ bindira niŋ katiŋ ka che zɔhi dama bɛ daa tehiha ka bena n-ʒiri lala dor'yoli maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> === Walthill ashibti   === [[Lahabali kɔligu:Susan LaFlesche Picotte Hospital WalthillNE.jpg|thumb|Susan Walthill hospital ]] Saha sheli Picotte ni daa na be shikuru m-bohinda, o daa malila nia ni o me ashibiti bɛ ya maa ni( Omaha Reservation community)<ref name=":2" />]. O biehigu puuni zaa, India tuma duzudu sheli daa bi ti sɔŋsim ni bɛ me ashibiti n-zaŋ ti salo maa, dimbɔŋo zuɣu daa che ka o yi bɛ yela ni ka daa zaŋ o zahisim n labi ʒingama zuɣu nim sɔŋsim polo<ref />]. O ni daa bi tooi nya soŋsim o yanima sani maa, o daa chaŋ pressbytarian church nim sani ka bɛ ti o $8,000, Society of friends daa ti $500. O tuzo mini o yidan daa ti o politi, o daa lahi deei soŋsim sheŋa m-pahi[3]. Ashibiti daa yooi January yuuni 1913, ka daa leei Reservation tuuli ashibiti <ref name=":5" />. Ashibiti daa malila barinim dugbebo shee (general one) dibaayi din mali doo she' pinaayi, private wards dibaanu, dɔhim duu, operating room, shinsheraayi, duhili duu, ni reception room. Ashibiti maa daa tibirila Omahanim mini gbaŋpiɛla zaa, yuuuni 1915, barinim kobisinahi ni pihinahi ni anii (448) ka bɛ daa deei ashibi maa ni ka India nim nye kobigi ni pishi ni ayobu (126) bɛ puuni[3]. Walthill ashibiti daa kparila yuuni 1945 ka bɛ daa ti lahi yooli yuuni 1989 ka bolli " Susan La Flesche Picotte Center" ka di zan jilin' sheli bɛ ni mali n-ti Picotte <ref /> Picotte daa yuya ni o pa niŋdi politiisi n gari ni o lihiri niriba daalaafee zuɣu. O yidana ni daa kani naai, o daa pa zaŋ o zaɣa n niŋ politiisi ni pam. Ŋuna n daa nye gbaŋ ŋmara n zaŋti "interior" ka daa tuhiri m bori lebiginsim n-tiri Omaha <ref />. ==Siyaasa mini polo ŋmaati== ===Fali dibu yɛltɔɣa muɣisira=== [[File:Pawnee01.png|thumbnail|A map of the original lands held by the Omaha and other Plains tribes (in green), and their reservations (in orange). The Omaha reservation borders the Winnebago reservation in eastern Nebraska]] Polo ŋmaati yɛltɔɣa daa lahi yiɣisiya saha shɛli Picotte's yidana, Henry ni daa kpi yuuni 1905. O yidana ŋɔ daa kpimi ka che polo eeka kobiga ni pihinii ni anu (185) n-ti o mini be bidibsi ayi, Pierre mini Caryl, South Dakota amaa ka di naa niŋ yɛltɔɣa di kohibu saha. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Saha shɛli Henry ni daa yɛn kpi, gɔmnanti n-daa nyɛ ŋun su di fukumsi, ka daa ʒia ni o iyaala ŋɔ yi yɛn deei li shee bɛ zaŋ shɛbira gbana na. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Bibihi kamani Picotte bihi ŋɔ, di tumi ni bɛ mali gbana din wuhiri ni so sulinsi ni ka bɛ be.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} So' shɛli bɛ ni daa doli ni bɛ labsi laɣiri ŋɔ ti ba daa nyɛla waɣa ka tɔ, ka Picotte sabi gbana n-labi gbana n-ti India ɔfis ni bɛ baŋ o viɛnyɛla ka yihi o chihili ti o, ka R. J. Taylor, daa ti bahi dihi nuu ka saɣiti yuuni 1907, yuma ayi nyaaŋa o yidana ni daa kpi.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Amaa, o bihi maa ban chihili deebu n-daa lee niŋ tɔm. O mabia, Peter Picotte, n-daa nyɛ ŋun zani ti o bihi maa, amaa ka daa lee zaɣisi ni o saɣi ka bɛ kohi polo maa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Picotte suhi daa yiɣisiya ka o dii gbaai gbana sabi n-ti Commissioner Leupp, ŋun nyɛ India ɔfisi maa kpɛma, ka booni Peter Picotte danyura ka booni R. J. Taylor mi ŋun yɛla bi ne nini, ka pa zaya ni o maŋmaŋa n-nyɛ ŋun ni tooi gbubi o bihi maa laɣiri viɛnyɛla.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=151}} Lala saha maa ŋuna, bɛ daa pa garigi o yom, ka India ɔfisi sabi gbaŋ ti o wuhi ni bɛ yɛli Taylor ni o di doli Peter Picotte yɛltɔɣa maa.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Picotte daa deei laɣiri maa zaŋli kpe haayibu haayibu daabiligu ni ka di daa soŋ o ka zaŋ gbubi bihi maa mini o maŋa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=152}} Ka ŋɔ n-daa bahindi o mini gɔmnanti nyɛnyonigu ni taba. O bihi maa daa di la polo fali o yidana biɛya sani, ka di gba daa lahi tahi yɛltɔɣa na o mini gɔmnanti sunsuuni ka di daa lee ti naai viɛnyɛla yuuni 1908.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=153}} === Tuma zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani === == Kundivihira == c8ahm6y1s6hjzy5o9f9zwrmm1u6ws9b 145262 145260 2026-07-29T14:32:46Z Ibn Dagara 1830 Added mode information 145262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Susan La Flesche Picotte''' nyɛla paɣa ŋun daa yina ghana tiŋgban puuni,(ka bɛ daa dɔɣu anashaara goli (June bɛɣu pinaayɔpoin dali, dali, yuuni 1865 – ka o kpi anashaara goli (September bɛɣu pinaanii dali , yuuni 1915 ni)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nebraskastudies.org/1875-1899/susan-la-flesche-picotte-first-na-female-physician/ |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte First Indigenous Female Physician |website=Nebraska Studies |access-date=28 May 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> o daa nyɛla [[America|ninvuɣi so ŋun yina]] ghana tudu din yuli bɔndi omaha zuliya,. O nyɛla bɛ ni daa mi so, ka o nyɛ tuuli paɣa so ŋun karim deegi shikuru shɛhirili gbaŋ din nyɛ "degree" ka jɛndi alaafee yaɣali.{{sfn|Speroff|2003|p=109}} O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ alaafee kampeen n-ti salo, ni bɛ ŋmaai tiŋgbani yaɣa shɛli ti Omaha zuliya. O daa nyɛla ŋun tiribi Omaha niriba kalli ban paai tuhili ni kobshii (1200), hali n-gari dɔɣitɛ shuba ban be gɔmnanti ashibtinim ni. Yuuni 1913, o daa nyɛla ŋun yina ti yooi o dahalali ashibti America tiŋgbani ni. Picotte daa nyɛla ŋun mali nimmohi pam zaŋ chaŋ salinim lɛbgibu polo ka lahi nyɛ dɔɣitɛ. O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ti tuhi kari dam nyubu luɣishɛli o ni daa tumdi dɔɣitɛ tali maa, di daa pahila kampeen shɛli o ni daa niŋdi ni di gu ka taɣi tubakulosis doro din daa ka tibkaŋ. O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun kpaŋ o maŋa soŋ omaha niriba ka be daa deegi bɛ amaana [[India]] kpamba sani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ kohi bɛ tiŋgbani. == Piligu Biɛhigu == Susan La Flesche daa nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimin goli June 1865, Omaha yiŋa ŋan be Eastern [[Nebraska]]. O lamba zaa daa nyɛla Omaha zuliyanima, ka bɛ piligu pili Europe, ka bɛ nyɛ ban ʒini dini yuui pam. Bɛ daa niŋ taba amiliya yuuni 1845 bee 1846.<ref name=Agonito-2016 /> La Flesche ba, Joseph La Flesche ka bɛ daa lahi mi "Iron Eye", daa nyɛla ŋun tabi Ponca ni French Canada. O daa nyɛla ŋun karim shikuru St. Louis, Missouri, amaa ka daa labi yiŋa. Bɛ mi o la Omaha nira. Yuuni 1853, Naa [Big Elk, ŋun daa piigi o ni o ti zani o zaani, ni La Flesche daa lee Omaha niriba toondana yuuni 1855.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} Iron Eye daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi kali paɣisibu, saha shɛli be ni daa ŋmaari politi ka di zaŋ zabli na Omaha niriba.{{sfn|Sweetland|1994|p=203}} La Flesche's ma, bihi piriba Mary Gale, ba n-daa nyɛ Dr. John Gale, America dɔitɛ biŋ ŋun tuma daa be "Fort Atkinson", ni Nicomi, Omaha paɣa, Otoe, ni Iowa zuliya.<ref name=Agonito-2016>{{cite book|author-last1=Agonito |author-first1=Joseph |title=Brave Hearts: Indian Women of the Plains |date=2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781493019069 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZ7RDAAAQBAJ |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|author-last1=Johansen |author-first1=Bruce Elliott |title=Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2010 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313355547 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FwyiW4rAD0C |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Gale daa lahi nyɛla [[Nebraska]] daabia kpɛŋ bipuɣinga, Peter A. Sarpy.<ref name=":1">{{cite thesis |author-first=Erin |author-last=Pedigo |title=The Gifted Pen: the Journalism Career of Susette "Bright Eyes" La Flesche Tibbles |type=Master's |publisher=University of Nebraska Lincoln |date=April 2011 |access-date=23 October 2018 |last= |first= |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismdiss/13/}}</ref> Kamani o yidana, Mary Gale gba nyɛla Omaha nira. Dimini o wumdi siliminsili mini French, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaɣisi ni o ku yɛli bali shɛli pahila Omaha.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} La Flesche n-daa nyɛ bia o mabihi ni, Susette La Flesche Tibbles (yuuni 1854 hali ni1903), Rosalie La Flesche Farley (yuuni 1861 hali ni 1900), ni Marguerite La Flesche Diddock (yuuni 1862 hali ni1945).{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=21}} O dɔɣiri kpɛma, Francis La Flesche, bɛ daa dɔɣi o la yuuni 1857, o ba paɣa ŋun daa pahi ayi n-daa dɔɣi o. O daa ti lee baŋdi kuɣinli ŋun baŋsim daa jɛndi Omaha mini Osage kaya ni ta'da. Di ni daa niŋ ka o zoora, La Flesche daa bɔhim o kaya ni ta'ada, amaa o laamba ban daa tɛhiya ni bɛ kaya ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn siŋ shɛli gbaŋ piɛla tiŋgbani ni. Bɛ daa bi ti La Flesche Omah yuli ka daa lahi zaɣisi ni bɛ bali o tapala.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=25}} O nyɛla ŋun yari Omaha mini o laamba (balantee o ma), amaa o ba mini o biɛli kpɛma, Susette daa kpaŋsi o ni yali siliminsili ni o mabihi maa, din yɛn che ka o zinli tooi valigi bala maa zaa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} [[File:Missouri River near Omaha Indian Agency. Mrs. W.H. Jackson in foreground. - NARA - 516607.jpg|thumbnail|The Missouri River near the Omaha Indian Reservation]] O ni daa nyɛ bia, La Flesche daa di shɛhira ka paɣa ninkurigu kpi dama America dɔɣitɛ daa zaɣisi o tibbu, dimini o daa kuli lo alikauli bushɛm ka bi palli. Picotte daa yɛliya ni dɔɣitɛ daa bi kpuɣi li ka di nyɛ yɛltɔɣa shɛli dama paɣa maa daa nyɛla yiŋ nira ka o che o ka chaŋla nohi piɛli. Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ n-ti pahi o tizo ŋun daa kpi o dɔɣim dali, n-daa kpaŋsi o ka o chaŋ ti bohim dɔɣitɛ tali.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ferry |first=Georgina |date=February 2019 |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte: a doctor who spanned two cultures |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |journal=The Lancet |volume=393 |issue=10173 |pages=734 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription }}</ref> O daa teei yɛlli ŋɔ ka yɛli ni dini n-daa kpaŋsi ka o chaŋ bohim dɔɣitɛ tali ni o mali li tibiri Omaha niriba. <ref name="changingface">{{cite web|title=Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_253.html |website=Changing the Face of Medicine |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=21 February 2018}} {{Source attribution}}</ref> == Shikuru == === Piligu shikuru === La Flesche ni daa nyɛ bia, o daa chaŋla adiini shikuru Omaha. Ban daa tuui gbubli n-nyɛ Presbyterians ka [[Quakers]] gba daa deegi, bɛ ni daa gbaai tiŋgbani zuɣulana Ulysses S. Grant suhudoo shaawara naai yuuni 1869.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} Lala shikuru ŋɔ daa nyɛla bihi ni gbɛri shɛli ka bɛ daa wuhiri bihi di ni tu ni America bihi taɣadeei ba shɛm.{{sfn|Hoxie|1984|p=54}} Yuun gbaliŋ shɛli zaa o ni daa be shikuru, La Flesche daa yi dini lab Elizabeth, New Jersey, ka daa kpe Elizabeth Institute n-ti niŋ yuma ayi. <ref name=":4">Tony (1999), 40</ref> O daa lab Omaha yaɣali yuuni 1882 nti wuhi shikuru bela dini. O daa lahi yiya chaŋ ni o ti bɔhim "Hampton Institute" din be Hampton, Virginia, yuuni 1884 hali ni 1886.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=47}} Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa yooi shɛli ni gbaŋ sabla shikuru di ni daa ka America tobu la ŋmɛ n-naai, amaa di daa wumsi America gba bihi.{{sfn|Mathes|1982|p=503}} La Flesche daa chaŋla Hampton ni o biɛli Marguerite, o biɛli Cary, n-ti pahi Omaha bihi pia. Bipuɣinsi ŋɔ daa bɔhimdila paɣatali tuma ka bidibsi mi bɔhimdi nuuni baŋsim zaŋ pahi bɛ ni daa bɔhimdi shɛli shikuru maa ni. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=50}} Di ni daa niŋ ka La Flesche daa na nyɛ Hampton Institute shikuru bila, nachinbila ŋun yuli daa booni Thomas Ikinicapi n-daa laɣiri o.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} O daa nyɛla ŋun booni o yurilim boligu, "T.I.", amaa ka o mini daa luhi wurim pɔi ka o naan karim siɣisi Hampton. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun karim siɣisi Hampton silimin goli May 20, 1886.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun deei pingahindili din wuhi karim bia so ŋunŋun paasi gari sokam.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Yuuni 1886, La Flesche daa gbaaya ni alaafee yaɣali shikuru.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=57}} == Alaafee shikuru == Di daa tooi niŋ ka paɣaba tibiri Omaha Indian yiŋa, amaa di daa bi zooi ka United States paɣaba chani alaafee bohimbu shikuru, ka sɛnchiri pishi yin'ka shikuruti biɛla daa piligi paɣaba deebu ni bɛ gba bɔhim alaafee tuma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> La Flesche daa bo soli ni o chaŋ alaafee shikuru applied yuuni 1886<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> ka bɛ daa deegi o niŋ Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), ŋan be Philadelphia, bɛ ni daa yooi shikuru shɛli yuuni 1850, ka di daa nyɛ shikuru shɛli din pahi shikuru shɛŋa bɛ ni daa yooi ni di wumsi paɣaba. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛ kuŋ n-ti yilikpɛrilana Alice Fletcher, ni o sɔŋ o laɣiri dama o. O yilkpɛrilana ŋɔ nyɛla fotogirafa ŋun tooi milisi ninvuɣu kara ban be paɣaba laɣinsi ni.<ref>Tong (1999), 61</ref> La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun na min sɔŋ awuraba Fletcher ka o labi shikuru.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Fletcher daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi La Flesche ni o paami Connecticut Indian Association, laɣingu shɛli zaya ti "Women's National Indian Association" (WNIA).<ref name=":5">Tong (1999) 61</ref> Lala WNIA daa nyɛla din bɔri ni di neei paɣaba nini ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ kpaŋsiri yiŋ sabta ka tooi ʒiri ba chani ka bɛ ti lɛri ba sabta mini biɛhi viɛli baŋsim.<ref>Mathes (1990), 8</ref> La Flesche, ni daa sabi ti laɣingu yuli booni "Connecticut Indian Association", o daa wuhi o sabbu maa ni, ni bɔrimi ni o kpɛri paɣaba ŋɔ yiŋsi ka mani dɔɣitɛ so ŋun kana ni o ti wuhi ba sabta tali ka tib bɛ doriti, yɛltɔɣa shɛli din daa lun zahim laɣingu ŋɔnim ni bɔri ni bɛ doli so shɛli.{{sfn|Mathes|1990|p=9}} Lala laɣingu n-daa nyɛ ban yo La Flesche shikuru yori, ka lahi yo o biɛhigu shee zuɣu, kunduma ni o bindara. Ŋuni n-nyɛ tuuli ŋun na min nyɛ lala sɔŋsim ŋɔ United States.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=68}}<ref name="changingface" /> Lala laɣingu daa zami ni o miri ka bo doo hali naai o shikuru ka siɣisi din yɛn che ka o tooi mali saha ti bohimbu.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} [[File:Susan La Flesche Picotte 253 12.jpg|left|thumb|Early photo of Susan La Flesche Picotte ]] WMCP, La Flesche daa bɔhimla "chemistry]", "anatomy", "physiology", "histology", "pharmaceutical science", "obstetrics", ni alaafee zaa, ni ka mani o taba, o daa tumla ashibti kara ŋan be Philadelphia, nti pahi shikuru bihi shɛba ban gba daa naai shikuru shɛŋa dabam, dobba ni ppaɣaba zaa.{{sfn|Morantz-Sanchez|1985|p=75}} O ni daa piligi shikuru chandi saha shɛli, La Flesche daa pa yarila o taba maa ni yari.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> = Dohite tali tuma = Yuuni 1889, La Flesche daa labi Omaha Reservation n-ti tumdi shikuru sheli daa be nimaani ka be India nima nuuni. Nimaani, o daa wuhiri la shikurubihi bini yen niŋ shɛm n gbubi bɛ ningbuna kashi ka mali alaafee <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Hali tiŋ maa nim daalaafee lihibu zuɣu daa ka La Flesche tuma ni, amaa di ni daa niŋ ka shikuru maa miri tiŋ maa n-gari Official Reservation Agency maa zuɣu, o daa kpaŋdila o maŋa n-lihiri tiŋbihi maa mini shikurubihi maa zaa daalaafee zuɣu[35]. La Flesche daa tooi tumdi paari hawa pishi ( 20 hrs) dabisi sheŋa ni ka lihiri ninvuɣ' tuhuli ni kɔbisiyi ( 1,200 people) daalaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O ni daa yoli paai nimaa kikaa saha, o daa nye ya ka akpahala luhiri baririm' ban kalinli kuli yahiri kɔbisi yobu <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O daa  mali  ti' sheŋa " Connecticut Indian Association" ni daa tiri ba ka di be shikuru maa ni n soŋdi shikurubihi maa mini tiŋ maa niriba ka daa lahi soŋdi ba ka be sabiri washiika nima ka lahi lebigiri bukunima be balli ni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Tiŋ' maa nima daa ti La Flesche yeda pam hali ka daa booni o na ka o ti lihiri be bihi daalaafee zuɣu ka guriba ka tahiri cholera, influenza, tuberculosis, dysentery ni trachoma[38]. Bɛ daa yeligi o piligu tuma duu din barilim daa nye 12 by 16 feet la n zaŋli lebigi tiŋ' maa nim lahimbu dua<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Yuun gbaliŋ ka o daa tum Ohama Reservation n lihiri barinim' daalaafee zuɣu ka o yuuni yori nye $500.00 ka o daa lahi deeri $250.00 "Women's National Indian Association" o ni da nye Medical MIssionary maa zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Gomnanti dohite  tuun tumdi sheba daa deeri yori gari lala lahi shɛli o ni daa deeri maa vaabu piya. Di daa ti niŋya ka tima naai Gomnanti nabi ti tima na, La daa zaŋla o yori n da tima n lihi niriba alaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuuni 1892 December ni, doro daa gbaai La Flesche ka do doni bakoi dibaa shem. Yuuni 1893, La Flesche daa lihirila o ma daalaafee zuɣu ka tibiri o maŋ gba. O ni daa kuli nye alaafee naai, o daa chela tuma lala yuuni maa ka kuli yiŋ n-ti gbubi o ma ŋun daa beri doya la<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Yuuni 1894, La Flesche mini doo yuli daa booni Henry Picotte (ka o daa Yankton Agency) daa nye taba ka be suhuri daa gbaai taba. Henry ŋun daa pun bola paɣa ka o mini o ʒi bi nani<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di daa niŋ La Flesche zonim lahiʒibisi pam ni bɛ zo mini Henry ni golisiri shem maa, di daa bi niŋ dabaayi ka bɛ daa bo taba yuuni 1894 June ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Henry mini o paɣa maa daa dɔhila bih' ayi bɛ ʒii puuni, bɛ bihi maa n daa nye Caryl bɛ ni daa dohi so 1895 bee 1896, ni Pierre bɛ ni daa dohi so 1898 la<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa na kuli tibirimi o ni daa dohi o bihi maa naai, ka o yidana daa lahi soŋdi o ka o tibira. Picotte daa tibiri la Omaha ni bari sheba ban daa be Bancroft ni tinkpansi din daa kuli miriba<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di yi daa  tiŋ talahi, o daa ʒirila o bihi maa n cheni n-ti tibiri niriba bɛ yiŋsi bɛ yi daa ti bili o<ref name=":1" />. = Public health reforms   = === Temperance === M-pahi, Picotte daa sɔndi Omaha nim alaafe bo n-ti maa, o daa lahi bo saha ti o maŋa n wuhiriba ban yen doli so' sheŋa ka mali alaafe waawaayili. O daa leribala baŋsim din jendi danyubo barinanima dama Omaha niriba pam daa nyela danyuriba hali Henry, o duu lana<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Nimaa daabihi daa tooi mali daam n-fari niriba hankali ka bɛ kohiri bɛ politi n titiba. Picotee, daa baŋ danyuba ni pa mali barina sheŋa bɛ tingbani maa puuni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. La Flesche daa soŋdi soli kam din yen tuhi ka kari lala yel' biɛhu ŋo maa hali di nyela bɛ yen  darigila so tibili. O ba daa zali zaligu ka daa yihi fukumsi buhibahi ashilo ni ni bɛ darigiri ninvuɣ' so kam bɛ ni nya ka o nyuri daam <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa yina n-ti tuhiri kariti danyubo, ka daa leri niriba baŋsim zaŋ bɛ beri viɛlli polo ni din tu ni bɛ sahi deei zali sheŋa ŋan yen tuhi kari ŋa ka di kpalim nye taali tingbani maa ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuma 1890s maa ni, picotte daa moya ni Thurston Country zali zaligu ka so ku lahi nyu dam tingbani maa ni amaa, o daa bi nya nasara, dama da, kɔhiriba maa daa zaŋla bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo ban daa dii bi chaŋ shikuru vienyela n daa tuhi zahisili[<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Lahibal' sheŋa mii yina ti wuhiri kamani da' kɔhirib' maa daa bola biela biela n-ti salo maa ka bɛ daa tuhi zahisi lala zaligu maa.. Di nyaaŋa, Picotte kpaŋ maŋ puuuni, bɛ daa zali zaligu ka bolli " Meilklejohn law", zaligu daa moŋ da'kɔhiriba ka bi ku too lahi kɔhi daam n-ti ŋun mali polo ka Gomnanti mi dizuɣu ka mali yeda ni ŋuna. Yuuni 1897 January ni ka bɛ daa zali zaligu maa amaa ka di daa niŋ tom pam ni bɛ zaŋli tum tuma <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Hali woyo, Picotte daa na kuli tuhiri ni o kari danyubo o biɛhigu zaa, hali Peyote adiini di daa kuli kpena Omaha Reservation o daa tahila nuu n-deei li yuma 1890s maa ni., o daa kuli zaŋ la suhulo n dolli ka peyote adiini nim maa daa zaŋ bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo o ka  tuhiri n kariti li niriba biɛhigu puuni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. === Sabta, tuberculosis ni polo ni alaafee kpaŋsibu sochibsi === Picotte daa lahi nyela ŋun kpaŋ o maŋ pam zaŋ chaŋ binyahiri ŋan jendi maŋ kashitali mini ti bindira zaa, ni binshehu kam ŋan kuli yen soŋ ka tuberculosis doro yihi ka furi<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. o daa nyela ŋun tum Walthil town health board ka daa lahi nye ŋun kpa Thurston Country Medical Society yuuni 1907.<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> O tuhubu zaa daa kuli jendila tuberculosis daro maa din daa ku Omaha ninvuɣ' kobisi ni o yidana, Henry yuuni 1905<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>. Yuuni 1907, o daa sabi washiika n-ti Indian Office m-balindi bori bɛ sɔŋsim amaa ka be daa bi tooi dama bi daa yeli o ni bɛ ka lihiri din yen son o maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Tim ni daa na kuli kani n-tibiri tuberculosis dor'yoli maa, Picotte daa kpaŋsi niriba maa ni bɛ niŋdi bɛ maŋ kashi ni bɛ ʒileli ni din yen che ka bɛ vuhiri pohim suma, ni bɛ lahi che ka bɛ bindira niŋ katiŋ ka che zɔhi dama bɛ daa tehiha ka bena n-ʒiri lala dor'yoli maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> === Walthill ashibti   === [[Lahabali kɔligu:Susan LaFlesche Picotte Hospital WalthillNE.jpg|thumb|Susan Walthill hospital ]] Saha sheli Picotte ni daa na be shikuru m-bohinda, o daa malila nia ni o me ashibiti bɛ ya maa ni( Omaha Reservation community)<ref name=":2" />]. O biehigu puuni zaa, India tuma duzudu sheli daa bi ti sɔŋsim ni bɛ me ashibiti n-zaŋ ti salo maa, dimbɔŋo zuɣu daa che ka o yi bɛ yela ni ka daa zaŋ o zahisim n labi ʒingama zuɣu nim sɔŋsim polo<ref />]. O ni daa bi tooi nya soŋsim o yanima sani maa, o daa chaŋ pressbytarian church nim sani ka bɛ ti o $8,000, Society of friends daa ti $500. O tuzo mini o yidan daa ti o politi, o daa lahi deei soŋsim sheŋa m-pahi[3]. Ashibiti daa yooi January yuuni 1913, ka daa leei Reservation tuuli ashibiti <ref name=":5" />. Ashibiti daa malila barinim dugbebo shee (general one) dibaayi din mali doo she' pinaayi, private wards dibaanu, dɔhim duu, operating room, shinsheraayi, duhili duu, ni reception room. Ashibiti maa daa tibirila Omahanim mini gbaŋpiɛla zaa, yuuuni 1915, barinim kobisinahi ni pihinahi ni anii (448) ka bɛ daa deei ashibi maa ni ka India nim nye kobigi ni pishi ni ayobu (126) bɛ puuni[3]. Walthill ashibiti daa kparila yuuni 1945 ka bɛ daa ti lahi yooli yuuni 1989 ka bolli " Susan La Flesche Picotte Center" ka di zan jilin' sheli bɛ ni mali n-ti Picotte <ref /> Picotte daa yuya ni o pa niŋdi politiisi n gari ni o lihiri niriba daalaafee zuɣu. O yidana ni daa kani naai, o daa pa zaŋ o zaɣa n niŋ politiisi ni pam. Ŋuna n daa nye gbaŋ ŋmara n zaŋti "interior" ka daa tuhiri m bori lebiginsim n-tiri Omaha <ref />. ==Siyaasa mini polo ŋmaati== ===Fali dibu yɛltɔɣa muɣisira=== [[File:Pawnee01.png|thumbnail|A map of the original lands held by the Omaha and other Plains tribes (in green), and their reservations (in orange). The Omaha reservation borders the Winnebago reservation in eastern Nebraska]] Polo ŋmaati yɛltɔɣa daa lahi yiɣisiya saha shɛli Picotte's yidana, Henry ni daa kpi yuuni 1905. O yidana ŋɔ daa kpimi ka che polo eeka kobiga ni pihinii ni anu (185) n-ti o mini be bidibsi ayi, Pierre mini Caryl, South Dakota amaa ka di naa niŋ yɛltɔɣa di kohibu saha. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Saha shɛli Henry ni daa yɛn kpi, gɔmnanti n-daa nyɛ ŋun su di fukumsi, ka daa ʒia ni o iyaala ŋɔ yi yɛn deei li shee bɛ zaŋ shɛbira gbana na. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Bibihi kamani Picotte bihi ŋɔ, di tumi ni bɛ mali gbana din wuhiri ni so sulinsi ni ka bɛ be.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} So' shɛli bɛ ni daa doli ni bɛ labsi laɣiri ŋɔ ti ba daa nyɛla waɣa ka tɔ, ka Picotte sabi gbana n-labi gbana n-ti India ɔfis ni bɛ baŋ o viɛnyɛla ka yihi o chihili ti o, ka R. J. Taylor, daa ti bahi dihi nuu ka saɣiti yuuni 1907, yuma ayi nyaaŋa o yidana ni daa kpi.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Amaa, o bihi maa ban chihili deebu n-daa lee niŋ tɔm. O mabia, Peter Picotte, n-daa nyɛ ŋun zani ti o bihi maa, amaa ka daa lee zaɣisi ni o saɣi ka bɛ kohi polo maa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Picotte suhi daa yiɣisiya ka o dii gbaai gbana sabi n-ti Commissioner Leupp, ŋun nyɛ India ɔfisi maa kpɛma, ka booni Peter Picotte danyura ka booni R. J. Taylor mi ŋun yɛla bi ne nini, ka pa zaya ni o maŋmaŋa n-nyɛ ŋun ni tooi gbubi o bihi maa laɣiri viɛnyɛla.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=151}} Lala saha maa ŋuna, bɛ daa pa garigi o yom, ka India ɔfisi sabi gbaŋ ti o wuhi ni bɛ yɛli Taylor ni o di doli Peter Picotte yɛltɔɣa maa.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Picotte daa deei laɣiri maa zaŋli kpe haayibu haayibu daabiligu ni ka di daa soŋ o ka zaŋ gbubi bihi maa mini o maŋa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=152}} Ka ŋɔ n-daa bahindi o mini gɔmnanti nyɛnyonigu ni taba. O bihi maa daa di la polo fali o yidana biɛya sani, ka di gba daa lahi tahi yɛltɔɣa na o mini gɔmnanti sunsuuni ka di daa lee ti naai viɛnyɛla yuuni 1908.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=153}} === Tuma zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani === Picotte yanim ŋɔ shɛba gba daa yina ti tuɣi zani tuhiri gɔmnanti zaŋ chaŋ polo gbaabu zuɣu. Di ni daa niŋ ka o nyɛ dɔɣitɛ maa, Picotte daa nyɛla o yanim ŋɔ nini ni tiɣi so pam, ka toontali daa pa chaŋ yaɣi gbana saabu hali tu paai ka ŋuni m-pa zabiri bɛ zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> == Kundivihira == j3nlz7w2lrtbttk439wupsprfp7i2ik 145263 145262 2026-07-29T14:44:00Z Ibn Dagara 1830 Added mode information 145263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Susan La Flesche Picotte''' nyɛla paɣa ŋun daa yina ghana tiŋgban puuni,(ka bɛ daa dɔɣu anashaara goli (June bɛɣu pinaayɔpoin dali, dali, yuuni 1865 – ka o kpi anashaara goli (September bɛɣu pinaanii dali , yuuni 1915 ni)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nebraskastudies.org/1875-1899/susan-la-flesche-picotte-first-na-female-physician/ |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte First Indigenous Female Physician |website=Nebraska Studies |access-date=28 May 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> o daa nyɛla [[America|ninvuɣi so ŋun yina]] ghana tudu din yuli bɔndi omaha zuliya,. O nyɛla bɛ ni daa mi so, ka o nyɛ tuuli paɣa so ŋun karim deegi shikuru shɛhirili gbaŋ din nyɛ "degree" ka jɛndi alaafee yaɣali.{{sfn|Speroff|2003|p=109}} O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ alaafee kampeen n-ti salo, ni bɛ ŋmaai tiŋgbani yaɣa shɛli ti Omaha zuliya. O daa nyɛla ŋun tiribi Omaha niriba kalli ban paai tuhili ni kobshii (1200), hali n-gari dɔɣitɛ shuba ban be gɔmnanti ashibtinim ni. Yuuni 1913, o daa nyɛla ŋun yina ti yooi o dahalali ashibti America tiŋgbani ni. Picotte daa nyɛla ŋun mali nimmohi pam zaŋ chaŋ salinim lɛbgibu polo ka lahi nyɛ dɔɣitɛ. O daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ti tuhi kari dam nyubu luɣishɛli o ni daa tumdi dɔɣitɛ tali maa, di daa pahila kampeen shɛli o ni daa niŋdi ni di gu ka taɣi tubakulosis doro din daa ka tibkaŋ. O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun kpaŋ o maŋa soŋ omaha niriba ka be daa deegi bɛ amaana [[India]] kpamba sani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ kohi bɛ tiŋgbani. == Piligu Biɛhigu == Susan La Flesche daa nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimin goli June 1865, Omaha yiŋa ŋan be Eastern [[Nebraska]]. O lamba zaa daa nyɛla Omaha zuliyanima, ka bɛ piligu pili Europe, ka bɛ nyɛ ban ʒini dini yuui pam. Bɛ daa niŋ taba amiliya yuuni 1845 bee 1846.<ref name=Agonito-2016 /> La Flesche ba, Joseph La Flesche ka bɛ daa lahi mi "Iron Eye", daa nyɛla ŋun tabi Ponca ni French Canada. O daa nyɛla ŋun karim shikuru St. Louis, Missouri, amaa ka daa labi yiŋa. Bɛ mi o la Omaha nira. Yuuni 1853, Naa [Big Elk, ŋun daa piigi o ni o ti zani o zaani, ni La Flesche daa lee Omaha niriba toondana yuuni 1855.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} Iron Eye daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi kali paɣisibu, saha shɛli be ni daa ŋmaari politi ka di zaŋ zabli na Omaha niriba.{{sfn|Sweetland|1994|p=203}} La Flesche's ma, bihi piriba Mary Gale, ba n-daa nyɛ Dr. John Gale, America dɔitɛ biŋ ŋun tuma daa be "Fort Atkinson", ni Nicomi, Omaha paɣa, Otoe, ni Iowa zuliya.<ref name=Agonito-2016>{{cite book|author-last1=Agonito |author-first1=Joseph |title=Brave Hearts: Indian Women of the Plains |date=2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781493019069 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZ7RDAAAQBAJ |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|author-last1=Johansen |author-first1=Bruce Elliott |title=Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2010 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313355547 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FwyiW4rAD0C |access-date=17 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Gale daa lahi nyɛla [[Nebraska]] daabia kpɛŋ bipuɣinga, Peter A. Sarpy.<ref name=":1">{{cite thesis |author-first=Erin |author-last=Pedigo |title=The Gifted Pen: the Journalism Career of Susette "Bright Eyes" La Flesche Tibbles |type=Master's |publisher=University of Nebraska Lincoln |date=April 2011 |access-date=23 October 2018 |last= |first= |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismdiss/13/}}</ref> Kamani o yidana, Mary Gale gba nyɛla Omaha nira. Dimini o wumdi siliminsili mini French, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaɣisi ni o ku yɛli bali shɛli pahila Omaha.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=13}} La Flesche n-daa nyɛ bia o mabihi ni, Susette La Flesche Tibbles (yuuni 1854 hali ni1903), Rosalie La Flesche Farley (yuuni 1861 hali ni 1900), ni Marguerite La Flesche Diddock (yuuni 1862 hali ni1945).{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=21}} O dɔɣiri kpɛma, Francis La Flesche, bɛ daa dɔɣi o la yuuni 1857, o ba paɣa ŋun daa pahi ayi n-daa dɔɣi o. O daa ti lee baŋdi kuɣinli ŋun baŋsim daa jɛndi Omaha mini Osage kaya ni ta'da. Di ni daa niŋ ka o zoora, La Flesche daa bɔhim o kaya ni ta'ada, amaa o laamba ban daa tɛhiya ni bɛ kaya ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn siŋ shɛli gbaŋ piɛla tiŋgbani ni. Bɛ daa bi ti La Flesche Omah yuli ka daa lahi zaɣisi ni bɛ bali o tapala.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=25}} O nyɛla ŋun yari Omaha mini o laamba (balantee o ma), amaa o ba mini o biɛli kpɛma, Susette daa kpaŋsi o ni yali siliminsili ni o mabihi maa, din yɛn che ka o zinli tooi valigi bala maa zaa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} [[File:Missouri River near Omaha Indian Agency. Mrs. W.H. Jackson in foreground. - NARA - 516607.jpg|thumbnail|The Missouri River near the Omaha Indian Reservation]] O ni daa nyɛ bia, La Flesche daa di shɛhira ka paɣa ninkurigu kpi dama America dɔɣitɛ daa zaɣisi o tibbu, dimini o daa kuli lo alikauli bushɛm ka bi palli. Picotte daa yɛliya ni dɔɣitɛ daa bi kpuɣi li ka di nyɛ yɛltɔɣa shɛli dama paɣa maa daa nyɛla yiŋ nira ka o che o ka chaŋla nohi piɛli. Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ n-ti pahi o tizo ŋun daa kpi o dɔɣim dali, n-daa kpaŋsi o ka o chaŋ ti bohim dɔɣitɛ tali.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ferry |first=Georgina |date=February 2019 |title=Susan La Flesche Picotte: a doctor who spanned two cultures |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |journal=The Lancet |volume=393 |issue=10173 |pages=734 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30363-0 |issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription }}</ref> O daa teei yɛlli ŋɔ ka yɛli ni dini n-daa kpaŋsi ka o chaŋ bohim dɔɣitɛ tali ni o mali li tibiri Omaha niriba. <ref name="changingface">{{cite web|title=Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_253.html |website=Changing the Face of Medicine |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=21 February 2018}} {{Source attribution}}</ref> == Shikuru == === Piligu shikuru === La Flesche ni daa nyɛ bia, o daa chaŋla adiini shikuru Omaha. Ban daa tuui gbubli n-nyɛ Presbyterians ka [[Quakers]] gba daa deegi, bɛ ni daa gbaai tiŋgbani zuɣulana Ulysses S. Grant suhudoo shaawara naai yuuni 1869.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=31}} Lala shikuru ŋɔ daa nyɛla bihi ni gbɛri shɛli ka bɛ daa wuhiri bihi di ni tu ni America bihi taɣadeei ba shɛm.{{sfn|Hoxie|1984|p=54}} Yuun gbaliŋ shɛli zaa o ni daa be shikuru, La Flesche daa yi dini lab Elizabeth, New Jersey, ka daa kpe Elizabeth Institute n-ti niŋ yuma ayi. <ref name=":4">Tony (1999), 40</ref> O daa lab Omaha yaɣali yuuni 1882 nti wuhi shikuru bela dini. O daa lahi yiya chaŋ ni o ti bɔhim "Hampton Institute" din be Hampton, Virginia, yuuni 1884 hali ni 1886.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=47}} Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa yooi shɛli ni gbaŋ sabla shikuru di ni daa ka America tobu la ŋmɛ n-naai, amaa di daa wumsi America gba bihi.{{sfn|Mathes|1982|p=503}} La Flesche daa chaŋla Hampton ni o biɛli Marguerite, o biɛli Cary, n-ti pahi Omaha bihi pia. Bipuɣinsi ŋɔ daa bɔhimdila paɣatali tuma ka bidibsi mi bɔhimdi nuuni baŋsim zaŋ pahi bɛ ni daa bɔhimdi shɛli shikuru maa ni. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=50}} Di ni daa niŋ ka La Flesche daa na nyɛ Hampton Institute shikuru bila, nachinbila ŋun yuli daa booni Thomas Ikinicapi n-daa laɣiri o.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} O daa nyɛla ŋun booni o yurilim boligu, "T.I.", amaa ka o mini daa luhi wurim pɔi ka o naan karim siɣisi Hampton. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun karim siɣisi Hampton silimin goli May 20, 1886.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun deei pingahindili din wuhi karim bia so ŋunŋun paasi gari sokam.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Yuuni 1886, La Flesche daa gbaaya ni alaafee yaɣali shikuru.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=57}} == Alaafee shikuru == Di daa tooi niŋ ka paɣaba tibiri Omaha Indian yiŋa, amaa di daa bi zooi ka United States paɣaba chani alaafee bohimbu shikuru, ka sɛnchiri pishi yin'ka shikuruti biɛla daa piligi paɣaba deebu ni bɛ gba bɔhim alaafee tuma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> La Flesche daa bo soli ni o chaŋ alaafee shikuru applied yuuni 1886<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> ka bɛ daa deegi o niŋ Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), ŋan be Philadelphia, bɛ ni daa yooi shikuru shɛli yuuni 1850, ka di daa nyɛ shikuru shɛli din pahi shikuru shɛŋa bɛ ni daa yooi ni di wumsi paɣaba. La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛ kuŋ n-ti yilikpɛrilana Alice Fletcher, ni o sɔŋ o laɣiri dama o. O yilkpɛrilana ŋɔ nyɛla fotogirafa ŋun tooi milisi ninvuɣu kara ban be paɣaba laɣinsi ni.<ref>Tong (1999), 61</ref> La Flesche daa nyɛla ŋun na min sɔŋ awuraba Fletcher ka o labi shikuru.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> Fletcher daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi La Flesche ni o paami Connecticut Indian Association, laɣingu shɛli zaya ti "Women's National Indian Association" (WNIA).<ref name=":5">Tong (1999) 61</ref> Lala WNIA daa nyɛla din bɔri ni di neei paɣaba nini ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ kpaŋsiri yiŋ sabta ka tooi ʒiri ba chani ka bɛ ti lɛri ba sabta mini biɛhi viɛli baŋsim.<ref>Mathes (1990), 8</ref> La Flesche, ni daa sabi ti laɣingu yuli booni "Connecticut Indian Association", o daa wuhi o sabbu maa ni, ni bɔrimi ni o kpɛri paɣaba ŋɔ yiŋsi ka mani dɔɣitɛ so ŋun kana ni o ti wuhi ba sabta tali ka tib bɛ doriti, yɛltɔɣa shɛli din daa lun zahim laɣingu ŋɔnim ni bɔri ni bɛ doli so shɛli.{{sfn|Mathes|1990|p=9}} Lala laɣingu n-daa nyɛ ban yo La Flesche shikuru yori, ka lahi yo o biɛhigu shee zuɣu, kunduma ni o bindara. Ŋuni n-nyɛ tuuli ŋun na min nyɛ lala sɔŋsim ŋɔ United States.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=68}}<ref name="changingface" /> Lala laɣingu daa zami ni o miri ka bo doo hali naai o shikuru ka siɣisi din yɛn che ka o tooi mali saha ti bohimbu.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=78}} [[File:Susan La Flesche Picotte 253 12.jpg|left|thumb|Early photo of Susan La Flesche Picotte ]] WMCP, La Flesche daa bɔhimla "chemistry]", "anatomy", "physiology", "histology", "pharmaceutical science", "obstetrics", ni alaafee zaa, ni ka mani o taba, o daa tumla ashibti kara ŋan be Philadelphia, nti pahi shikuru bihi shɛba ban gba daa naai shikuru shɛŋa dabam, dobba ni ppaɣaba zaa.{{sfn|Morantz-Sanchez|1985|p=75}} O ni daa piligi shikuru chandi saha shɛli, La Flesche daa pa yarila o taba maa ni yari.<ref name=Mathes1993 /> = Dohite tali tuma = Yuuni 1889, La Flesche daa labi Omaha Reservation n-ti tumdi shikuru sheli daa be nimaani ka be India nima nuuni. Nimaani, o daa wuhiri la shikurubihi bini yen niŋ shɛm n gbubi bɛ ningbuna kashi ka mali alaafee <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Hali tiŋ maa nim daalaafee lihibu zuɣu daa ka La Flesche tuma ni, amaa di ni daa niŋ ka shikuru maa miri tiŋ maa n-gari Official Reservation Agency maa zuɣu, o daa kpaŋdila o maŋa n-lihiri tiŋbihi maa mini shikurubihi maa zaa daalaafee zuɣu[35]. La Flesche daa tooi tumdi paari hawa pishi ( 20 hrs) dabisi sheŋa ni ka lihiri ninvuɣ' tuhuli ni kɔbisiyi ( 1,200 people) daalaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O ni daa yoli paai nimaa kikaa saha, o daa nye ya ka akpahala luhiri baririm' ban kalinli kuli yahiri kɔbisi yobu <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. O daa  mali  ti' sheŋa " Connecticut Indian Association" ni daa tiri ba ka di be shikuru maa ni n soŋdi shikurubihi maa mini tiŋ maa niriba ka daa lahi soŋdi ba ka be sabiri washiika nima ka lahi lebigiri bukunima be balli ni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Tiŋ' maa nima daa ti La Flesche yeda pam hali ka daa booni o na ka o ti lihiri be bihi daalaafee zuɣu ka guriba ka tahiri cholera, influenza, tuberculosis, dysentery ni trachoma[38]. Bɛ daa yeligi o piligu tuma duu din barilim daa nye 12 by 16 feet la n zaŋli lebigi tiŋ' maa nim lahimbu dua<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Yuun gbaliŋ ka o daa tum Ohama Reservation n lihiri barinim' daalaafee zuɣu ka o yuuni yori nye $500.00 ka o daa lahi deeri $250.00 "Women's National Indian Association" o ni da nye Medical MIssionary maa zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Gomnanti dohite  tuun tumdi sheba daa deeri yori gari lala lahi shɛli o ni daa deeri maa vaabu piya. Di daa ti niŋya ka tima naai Gomnanti nabi ti tima na, La daa zaŋla o yori n da tima n lihi niriba alaafee zuɣu<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuuni 1892 December ni, doro daa gbaai La Flesche ka do doni bakoi dibaa shem. Yuuni 1893, La Flesche daa lihirila o ma daalaafee zuɣu ka tibiri o maŋ gba. O ni daa kuli nye alaafee naai, o daa chela tuma lala yuuni maa ka kuli yiŋ n-ti gbubi o ma ŋun daa beri doya la<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Yuuni 1894, La Flesche mini doo yuli daa booni Henry Picotte (ka o daa Yankton Agency) daa nye taba ka be suhuri daa gbaai taba. Henry ŋun daa pun bola paɣa ka o mini o ʒi bi nani<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di daa niŋ La Flesche zonim lahiʒibisi pam ni bɛ zo mini Henry ni golisiri shem maa, di daa bi niŋ dabaayi ka bɛ daa bo taba yuuni 1894 June ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Henry mini o paɣa maa daa dɔhila bih' ayi bɛ ʒii puuni, bɛ bihi maa n daa nye Caryl bɛ ni daa dohi so 1895 bee 1896, ni Pierre bɛ ni daa dohi so 1898 la<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa na kuli tibirimi o ni daa dohi o bihi maa naai, ka o yidana daa lahi soŋdi o ka o tibira. Picotte daa tibiri la Omaha ni bari sheba ban daa be Bancroft ni tinkpansi din daa kuli miriba<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Di yi daa  tiŋ talahi, o daa ʒirila o bihi maa n cheni n-ti tibiri niriba bɛ yiŋsi bɛ yi daa ti bili o<ref name=":1" />. = Public health reforms   = === Temperance === M-pahi, Picotte daa sɔndi Omaha nim alaafe bo n-ti maa, o daa lahi bo saha ti o maŋa n wuhiriba ban yen doli so' sheŋa ka mali alaafe waawaayili. O daa leribala baŋsim din jendi danyubo barinanima dama Omaha niriba pam daa nyela danyuriba hali Henry, o duu lana<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Nimaa daabihi daa tooi mali daam n-fari niriba hankali ka bɛ kohiri bɛ politi n titiba. Picotee, daa baŋ danyuba ni pa mali barina sheŋa bɛ tingbani maa puuni<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. La Flesche daa soŋdi soli kam din yen tuhi ka kari lala yel' biɛhu ŋo maa hali di nyela bɛ yen  darigila so tibili. O ba daa zali zaligu ka daa yihi fukumsi buhibahi ashilo ni ni bɛ darigiri ninvuɣ' so kam bɛ ni nya ka o nyuri daam <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Picotte daa yina n-ti tuhiri kariti danyubo, ka daa leri niriba baŋsim zaŋ bɛ beri viɛlli polo ni din tu ni bɛ sahi deei zali sheŋa ŋan yen tuhi kari ŋa ka di kpalim nye taali tingbani maa ni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Yuma 1890s maa ni, picotte daa moya ni Thurston Country zali zaligu ka so ku lahi nyu dam tingbani maa ni amaa, o daa bi nya nasara, dama da, kɔhiriba maa daa zaŋla bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo ban daa dii bi chaŋ shikuru vienyela n daa tuhi zahisili[<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Lahibal' sheŋa mii yina ti wuhiri kamani da' kɔhirib' maa daa bola biela biela n-ti salo maa ka bɛ daa tuhi zahisi lala zaligu maa.. Di nyaaŋa, Picotte kpaŋ maŋ puuuni, bɛ daa zali zaligu ka bolli " Meilklejohn law", zaligu daa moŋ da'kɔhiriba ka bi ku too lahi kɔhi daam n-ti ŋun mali polo ka Gomnanti mi dizuɣu ka mali yeda ni ŋuna. Yuuni 1897 January ni ka bɛ daa zali zaligu maa amaa ka di daa niŋ tom pam ni bɛ zaŋli tum tuma <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Hali woyo, Picotte daa na kuli tuhiri ni o kari danyubo o biɛhigu zaa, hali Peyote adiini di daa kuli kpena Omaha Reservation o daa tahila nuu n-deei li yuma 1890s maa ni., o daa kuli zaŋ la suhulo n dolli ka peyote adiini nim maa daa zaŋ bɛ kpalanzuya n-lo o ka  tuhiri n kariti li niriba biɛhigu puuni <ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. === Sabta, tuberculosis ni polo ni alaafee kpaŋsibu sochibsi === Picotte daa lahi nyela ŋun kpaŋ o maŋ pam zaŋ chaŋ binyahiri ŋan jendi maŋ kashitali mini ti bindira zaa, ni binshehu kam ŋan kuli yen soŋ ka tuberculosis doro yihi ka furi<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. o daa nyela ŋun tum Walthil town health board ka daa lahi nye ŋun kpa Thurston Country Medical Society yuuni 1907.<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> O tuhubu zaa daa kuli jendila tuberculosis daro maa din daa ku Omaha ninvuɣ' kobisi ni o yidana, Henry yuuni 1905<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-10|title=Elizabeth Blackwell {{!}} Walnut Hills Historical Society|url=https://walnuthillsstories.org/stories/elizabeth-blackwell/|access-date=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>. Yuuni 1907, o daa sabi washiika n-ti Indian Office m-balindi bori bɛ sɔŋsim amaa ka be daa bi tooi dama bi daa yeli o ni bɛ ka lihiri din yen son o maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>. Tim ni daa na kuli kani n-tibiri tuberculosis dor'yoli maa, Picotte daa kpaŋsi niriba maa ni bɛ niŋdi bɛ maŋ kashi ni bɛ ʒileli ni din yen che ka bɛ vuhiri pohim suma, ni bɛ lahi che ka bɛ bindira niŋ katiŋ ka che zɔhi dama bɛ daa tehiha ka bena n-ʒiri lala dor'yoli maa<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> === Walthill ashibti   === [[Lahabali kɔligu:Susan LaFlesche Picotte Hospital WalthillNE.jpg|thumb|Susan Walthill hospital ]] Saha sheli Picotte ni daa na be shikuru m-bohinda, o daa malila nia ni o me ashibiti bɛ ya maa ni( Omaha Reservation community)<ref name=":2" />]. O biehigu puuni zaa, India tuma duzudu sheli daa bi ti sɔŋsim ni bɛ me ashibiti n-zaŋ ti salo maa, dimbɔŋo zuɣu daa che ka o yi bɛ yela ni ka daa zaŋ o zahisim n labi ʒingama zuɣu nim sɔŋsim polo<ref />]. O ni daa bi tooi nya soŋsim o yanima sani maa, o daa chaŋ pressbytarian church nim sani ka bɛ ti o $8,000, Society of friends daa ti $500. O tuzo mini o yidan daa ti o politi, o daa lahi deei soŋsim sheŋa m-pahi[3]. Ashibiti daa yooi January yuuni 1913, ka daa leei Reservation tuuli ashibiti <ref name=":5" />. Ashibiti daa malila barinim dugbebo shee (general one) dibaayi din mali doo she' pinaayi, private wards dibaanu, dɔhim duu, operating room, shinsheraayi, duhili duu, ni reception room. Ashibiti maa daa tibirila Omahanim mini gbaŋpiɛla zaa, yuuuni 1915, barinim kobisinahi ni pihinahi ni anii (448) ka bɛ daa deei ashibi maa ni ka India nim nye kobigi ni pishi ni ayobu (126) bɛ puuni[3]. Walthill ashibiti daa kparila yuuni 1945 ka bɛ daa ti lahi yooli yuuni 1989 ka bolli " Susan La Flesche Picotte Center" ka di zan jilin' sheli bɛ ni mali n-ti Picotte <ref /> Picotte daa yuya ni o pa niŋdi politiisi n gari ni o lihiri niriba daalaafee zuɣu. O yidana ni daa kani naai, o daa pa zaŋ o zaɣa n niŋ politiisi ni pam. Ŋuna n daa nye gbaŋ ŋmara n zaŋti "interior" ka daa tuhiri m bori lebiginsim n-tiri Omaha <ref />. ==Siyaasa mini polo ŋmaati== ===Fali dibu yɛltɔɣa muɣisira=== [[File:Pawnee01.png|thumbnail|A map of the original lands held by the Omaha and other Plains tribes (in green), and their reservations (in orange). The Omaha reservation borders the Winnebago reservation in eastern Nebraska]] Polo ŋmaati yɛltɔɣa daa lahi yiɣisiya saha shɛli Picotte's yidana, Henry ni daa kpi yuuni 1905. O yidana ŋɔ daa kpimi ka che polo eeka kobiga ni pihinii ni anu (185) n-ti o mini be bidibsi ayi, Pierre mini Caryl, South Dakota amaa ka di naa niŋ yɛltɔɣa di kohibu saha. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Saha shɛli Henry ni daa yɛn kpi, gɔmnanti n-daa nyɛ ŋun su di fukumsi, ka daa ʒia ni o iyaala ŋɔ yi yɛn deei li shee bɛ zaŋ shɛbira gbana na. {{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} Bibihi kamani Picotte bihi ŋɔ, di tumi ni bɛ mali gbana din wuhiri ni so sulinsi ni ka bɛ be.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=147}} So' shɛli bɛ ni daa doli ni bɛ labsi laɣiri ŋɔ ti ba daa nyɛla waɣa ka tɔ, ka Picotte sabi gbana n-labi gbana n-ti India ɔfis ni bɛ baŋ o viɛnyɛla ka yihi o chihili ti o, ka R. J. Taylor, daa ti bahi dihi nuu ka saɣiti yuuni 1907, yuma ayi nyaaŋa o yidana ni daa kpi.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Amaa, o bihi maa ban chihili deebu n-daa lee niŋ tɔm. O mabia, Peter Picotte, n-daa nyɛ ŋun zani ti o bihi maa, amaa ka daa lee zaɣisi ni o saɣi ka bɛ kohi polo maa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=150}} Picotte suhi daa yiɣisiya ka o dii gbaai gbana sabi n-ti Commissioner Leupp, ŋun nyɛ India ɔfisi maa kpɛma, ka booni Peter Picotte danyura ka booni R. J. Taylor mi ŋun yɛla bi ne nini, ka pa zaya ni o maŋmaŋa n-nyɛ ŋun ni tooi gbubi o bihi maa laɣiri viɛnyɛla.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=151}} Lala saha maa ŋuna, bɛ daa pa garigi o yom, ka India ɔfisi sabi gbaŋ ti o wuhi ni bɛ yɛli Taylor ni o di doli Peter Picotte yɛltɔɣa maa.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Picotte daa deei laɣiri maa zaŋli kpe haayibu haayibu daabiligu ni ka di daa soŋ o ka zaŋ gbubi bihi maa mini o maŋa.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=152}} Ka ŋɔ n-daa bahindi o mini gɔmnanti nyɛnyonigu ni taba. O bihi maa daa di la polo fali o yidana biɛya sani, ka di gba daa lahi tahi yɛltɔɣa na o mini gɔmnanti sunsuuni ka di daa lee ti naai viɛnyɛla yuuni 1908.{{sfn|Tong|1999|p=153}} === Tuma zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbani === Picotte yanim ŋɔ shɛba gba daa yina ti tuɣi zani tuhiri gɔmnanti zaŋ chaŋ polo gbaabu zuɣu. Di ni daa niŋ ka o nyɛ dɔɣitɛ maa, Picotte daa nyɛla o yanim ŋɔ nini ni tiɣi so pam, ka toontali daa pa chaŋ yaɣi gbana saabu hali tu paai ka ŋuni m-pa zabiri bɛ zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun yina ni o sɔŋ Omaha niriba ban daa bɔri ni bɛ kohi bɛ politi ka bɔri ni bɛ laɣiri kpe bɛ nuu ni, ka daa kpaŋ o maŋa ni o bo maligu n-na di ni daa niŋ ka siliminsi bɔri ni bɛ fa India nima ban daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ o polo ti.<ref>{{Citation|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte|date=2026-07-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte&oldid=1365893695|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tong|first=Benson|url=http://archive.org/details/susanlafleschepi0000tong|title=Susan La Flesche Picotte, M.D. : Omaha Indian leader and reformer|date=1999|publisher=Norman : University of Oklahoma Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8061-3140-5}}</ref> == Kundivihira == q3i0s62be57mw4t2pe5apqzogeyt8xv 0 33615 145255 145251 2026-07-29T13:26:22Z Samaru Samaru 6396 /* O Taarihi */ 145255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch''' (October 6, 1907 – November 7, 2007) nyɛla bini dɔɣi so [[:en:Germany|Gernam]] tingbani ka O leei bɛ [[:en:United_States|U.S]], nyɛ geneticist. Ka nyɛ ŋun pahi pili [[:en:Developmental_biology|Development genetics]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(07)00495-9?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1534580707004959%3Fshowall%3Dtrue</nowiki></ref>din nyɛ din vihiri silimiinsi ni bɔli binshɛɣu genetics development <ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref> == O Taarihi == Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch nyɛla bini dɔɣi so [[:en:Gdańsk|Danzig]], Gernamy, ka O laamba nyɛ Nadia mini Ilya Gluecksoh. O daa nyɛla ŋun zooi [[:en:Germany|Gernamy]] Dunia tɔbu I mini II sunsuuni, ka di zuɣu daa chɛ ka miisim tɔ O mini O dɔɣim n-ti pahi O Ba kun yuuni [[:en:Spanish_flu|1918 influenza epidemic]] doro lani, ni tɔbu nyaaŋa fitiina nahingu<ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Bailey_Ogilvie</nowiki></ref> O daa nyɛla ŋun bohim [[:en:Chemistry|chemistry]] mini [[:en:Zoology|zoology]] [[:en:Königsberg|Konigsberg]] ni [[:en:Berlin|Berlin]] pɔi ka naan yi chaŋ ti pahi [[:en:Hans_Spemann|spemann's]] laboratory [[:en:University_of_Freiburg|University of Freiburg]] yuuni 1928. O daa nyɛla ŋun di alizama n-wuhiri paɣiba tuma nyabu ni bi galisi pam Germany tingbani<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Bailey_Ogilvie</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref>. Salome mini O taba daa nyɛla ban bi saɣi Spemann ka bi niya nyɛ mi ni genetics mini embryonic lebiginsim bi pa taba. Amaa ka O daa kɔŋ ni O suhukpeeni ni O niŋ birigi O Professor ka di daa chɛ ka O bi shɛli hali ni saha shɛli O tuma maa puuni<ref><nowiki>https://www.nature.com/articles/ng0408-376</nowiki></ref>. Yuuni 1932 O daa nyɛla ŋun dee O [[:en:Doctorate|doctorate]] shahira gbaŋ University of Feriburg<ref><nowiki>https://www.nature.com/articles/ng0408-376</nowiki></ref> domini O kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ jɛndi embryoligical limb development of aquatic [[:en:Salamander|salamanders]]. Lala yuuni maa puuni ka O daa niŋ amiliya O mini biochemist [[:en:Rudolph_Schoenheimer|Rudolph Schonheimer]], ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ninvuɣu so, O mini O ni daa zo n-yi [[:en:Nazi_Germany|Nazi Germany]] yuuni 1933.<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy_Harvey</nowiki></ref> O daa nyɛla ŋun lebi karimba Colombia University yuuni 1936, ka ʒi silimiin ni boli shɛli embryoligical acumen n-chaŋ Leslie C. Duun's genetics laboratory, ka biɛ nimaani yuma 17. 1938 yuuni, O daa nyɛla ŋun dee US citizenship, n-lɛbi US bilichini. O yidana maa kalinsi nyaaŋa 1941 yuuni, O daa kulila doo ŋun nyɛ neurochemist, ka di mi O Heinrich Waelsch yuuni 1943 ka O mini O dɔɣi bihi ayi. Columbia University zalikpana daa bi ti O soli ni O tooi zani toontali shɛli di mini O kpaŋmaŋa zaa yɔli. O daa nyɛla ŋun che Columbia University yuuni 1953 n-chaŋ n-ti pili Professor anatomy yaɣali karimzɔŋ palli Albert Einstein College of Medicine(AECOM), ni ka O daa Professor yuuni 1958 ka lɛbi kuɣulana zaŋ ti molecular genetics yuuni 1963 hali ni yuuni 1976. O daa nyɛla ŋun lahi tirisi tooni n-ti lɛbi emeritus yuuni 1978, ka daa na kuli niŋdi vihisi, ka sabiri gbana ni science laɣinsi hali ni yuuni 1990s. O daa nyɛla ŋun kani goli nyaaŋa dini daa niŋ ka O puhi O 100th yuuni dɔɣim dabisili New York City. == O Science Tuma == == Kpaŋmaŋ Pina == == Reference == kum451sbdt13sfp47co8hfa18h413lh 145295 145255 2026-07-29T23:24:49Z Samaru Samaru 6396 Added reference and hyperlinks 145295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch''' (October 6, 1907 – November 7, 2007) nyɛla bini dɔɣi so [[:en:Germany|Gernam]] tingbani ka O leei bɛ [[:en:United_States|U.S]], nyɛ geneticist. Ka nyɛ ŋun pahi pili [[:en:Developmental_biology|Development genetics]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(07)00495-9?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1534580707004959%3Fshowall%3Dtrue</nowiki></ref>din nyɛ din vihiri silimiinsi ni bɔli binshɛɣu genetics development <ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref> == O Taarihi == Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch nyɛla bini dɔɣi so [[:en:Gdańsk|Danzig]], Gernamy, ka O laamba nyɛ Nadia mini Ilya Gluecksoh. O daa nyɛla ŋun zooi [[:en:Germany|Gernamy]] Dunia tɔbu I mini II sunsuuni, ka di zuɣu daa chɛ ka miisim tɔ O mini O dɔɣim n-ti pahi O Ba kun yuuni [[:en:Spanish_flu|1918 influenza epidemic]] doro lani, ni tɔbu nyaaŋa fitiina nahingu<ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Bailey_Ogilvie</nowiki></ref> O daa nyɛla ŋun bohim [[:en:Chemistry|chemistry]] mini [[:en:Zoology|zoology]] [[:en:Königsberg|Konigsberg]] ni [[:en:Berlin|Berlin]] pɔi ka naan yi chaŋ ti pahi [[:en:Hans_Spemann|spemann's]] laboratory [[:en:University_of_Freiburg|University of Freiburg]] yuuni 1928. O daa nyɛla ŋun di alizama n-wuhiri paɣiba tuma nyabu ni bi galisi pam Germany tingbani<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Bailey_Ogilvie</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref>. Salome mini O taba daa nyɛla ban bi saɣi Spemann ka bi niya nyɛ mi ni genetics mini embryonic lebiginsim bi pa taba. Amaa ka O daa kɔŋ ni O suhukpeeni ni O niŋ birigi O Professor ka di daa chɛ ka O bi shɛli hali ni saha shɛli O tuma maa puuni<ref><nowiki>https://www.nature.com/articles/ng0408-376</nowiki></ref>. Yuuni 1932 O daa nyɛla ŋun dee O [[:en:Doctorate|doctorate]] shahira gbaŋ University of Feriburg<ref><nowiki>https://www.nature.com/articles/ng0408-376</nowiki></ref> domini O kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ jɛndi embryoligical limb development of aquatic [[:en:Salamander|salamanders]]. Lala yuuni maa puuni ka O daa niŋ amiliya O mini biochemist [[:en:Rudolph_Schoenheimer|Rudolph Schonheimer]], ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ninvuɣu so, O mini O ni daa zo n-yi [[:en:Nazi_Germany|Nazi Germany]] yuuni 1933.<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy_Harvey</nowiki></ref> O daa nyɛla ŋun lebi karimba [[:en:Columbia_University|Columbia University]] yuuni 1936, ka ʒi silimiin ni boli shɛli embryoligical acumen n-chaŋ [[:en:L._C._Dunn|Leslie C. Duun's]] genetics laboratory, ka biɛ nimaani yuma 17<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Bailey_Ogilvie</nowiki></ref>. 1938 yuuni, O daa nyɛla ŋun dee [[:en:Citizenship_of_the_United_States|US citizenship]], n-lɛbi US bilichini. O yidana maa kalinsi nyaaŋa 1941 yuuni, O daa kulila doo ŋun nyɛ neurochemist, ka di mi O Heinrich Waelsch yuuni 1943 ka O mini O dɔɣi bihi ayi.<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Bailey_Ogilvie</nowiki></ref> Columbia University zalikpana daa bi ti O soli ni O tooi zani toontali shɛli di mini O kpaŋmaŋa zaa yɔli.<ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref> O daa nyɛla ŋun che Columbia University yuuni 1953 n-chaŋ n-ti pili Professor [[:en:Anatomy|anatomy]] yaɣali karimzɔŋ palli [[:en:Albert_Einstein_College_of_Medicine|Albert Einstein College of Medicine]](AECOM), ni ka O daa Professor yuuni 1958 ka lɛbi kuɣulana zaŋ ti molecular genetics yuuni 1963 hali ni yuuni 1976<ref><nowiki>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/waelsch-salome-gluecksohn</nowiki></ref>. O daa nyɛla ŋun lahi tirisi tooni n-ti lɛbi [[:en:Emeritus|emeritus]] yuuni 1978, ka daa na kuli niŋdi vihisi, ka sabiri gbana ni science laɣinsi hali ni yuuni 1990s. O daa nyɛla ŋun kani goli nyaaŋa dini daa niŋ ka O puhi O 100th yuuni dɔɣim dabisili [[:en:New_York_City|New York City.]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/15/science/15waelsch.html</nowiki></ref> == O Science Tuma == == Kpaŋmaŋ Pina == == Reference == pfx0wd49blfmaqi4rw9qjna2gxj1ckp 0 33616 145275 145197 2026-07-29T20:46:06Z Mbahayam 8851 Added a text 145275 wikitext text/x-wiki == Emily Blackwell == Emily Blackwell nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimiin-goli (October dabaa nii dali, yuuni 1826 ni - September 7,1910).Daa nyɛla America physician ŋun lahi nyɛ paɣaba yee duhibu Nira.O daa nyɛla paɣa so ŋun pahi ayi nyɛ ŋun mali "medical degree" shikuru shɛli din boli Case Western Reserve University, ŋuni daa pa Nancy Talbot Clark zuɣu ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli niri la. O daa nye nasara kurili Medical tuma ni, O daa sɔla New York infirmary for indigent women and children<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref> ka lahi kpa "Women's Central Association of Relief"<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. Blackwell ti pahi O tuzo paɣa Elizabeth daa zali Medical College New York City.<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref> Di daa bi yuui ka O daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpa "London School of Medicine for women"<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. Yuuni 1993, bɛ daa kpehi O la "National Women's Hall of Fame". '''O yiɣisibu na biɛhigu mini baŋsim bɔbu''' [[Lahabali kɔligu:Emily-Blackwell.jpg|thumb|Emily Blackwell's picture ]] Bɛ daa dɔɣi la Blackwell Bristol, England, October 8, yuuni 1826. Bihi awei puuni, ŋuna daa pahiri ayɔbu zaŋ ti Samuel mini Hannah Lane Blackwell. Blackwell daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban tibigi lala saha maa, bɛ daa nyala karimbanima ti Emily kɔ ka bɛ wuhiri O. Bɛ yɛliya ni Blackwell daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban mali baŋsim pam. Di daa sɔŋ O pam di bahi bahindi O ba Samuel ni daa di nyɛ binyɛra pam nti pahi O daa nyɛla "dissident", O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun bɔri lɛbiginsim, ka lahi nyɛ ŋun yɛri Naawuni yɛltɔɣa. Emily daa zɔri vi pam O ni daa nyɛ bia amaa ka lee mali baŋsim. O daa niŋdi "expirements" balibu bi daŋ yili ni. Yaha, O paɣasarilim ni O daa lɛbi "amateur" baŋda yaɣa kamani "flowers" mini noombihi. O daa nye yuli ŋɔ ka di nyala O ni daa karim di ka lahi kpahindi "flowers" mini noombihi bɛ yiŋ la<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. n81vnf8dgciex7tsa8sqrnh6bd304du 145276 145275 2026-07-29T20:47:42Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145276 wikitext text/x-wiki == Emily Blackwell == Emily Blackwell nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimiin-goli (October dabaa nii dali, yuuni 1826 ni - September 7,1910).Daa nyɛla America physician ŋun lahi nyɛ paɣaba yee duhibu Nira.O daa nyɛla paɣa so ŋun pahi ayi nyɛ ŋun mali "medical degree" shikuru shɛli din boli Case Western Reserve University, ŋuni daa pa Nancy Talbot Clark zuɣu ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli niri la. O daa nye nasara kurili Medical tuma ni, O daa sɔla New York infirmary for indigent women and children<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref> ka lahi kpa "Women's Central Association of Relief"<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. Blackwell ti pahi O tuzo paɣa Elizabeth daa zali Medical College New York City.<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref> Di daa bi yuui ka O daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpa "London School of Medicine for women"<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. Yuuni 1993, bɛ daa kpehi O la "National Women's Hall of Fame". '''O yiɣisibu na biɛhigu mini baŋsim bɔbu''' [[Lahabali kɔligu:Emily-Blackwell.jpg|thumb|Emily Blackwell's picture ]] Bɛ daa dɔɣi la Blackwell Bristol, England, October 8, yuuni 1826. Bihi awei puuni, ŋuna daa pahiri ayɔbu zaŋ ti Samuel mini Hannah Lane Blackwell. Blackwell daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban tibigi lala saha maa, bɛ daa nyala karimbanima ti Emily kɔ ka bɛ wuhiri O. Bɛ yɛliya ni Blackwell daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban mali baŋsim pam. Di daa sɔŋ O pam di bahi bahindi O ba Samuel ni daa di nyɛ binyɛra pam nti pahi O daa nyɛla "dissident", O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun bɔri lɛbiginsim, ka lahi nyɛ ŋun yɛri Naawuni yɛltɔɣa. Emily daa zɔri vi pam O ni daa nyɛ bia amaa ka lee mali baŋsim. O daa niŋdi "expirements" balibu bi daŋ yili ni. Yaha, O paɣasarilim ni O daa lɛbi "amateur" baŋda yaɣa kamani "flowers" mini noombihi. O daa nye yuli ŋɔ ka di nyala O ni daa karim di ka lahi kpahindi "flowers" mini noombihi bɛ yiŋ la<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. == Kundivihira == n28bm49r0qk4wj3i3ln6cetn7g4gqeo 145277 145276 2026-07-29T20:49:53Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145277 wikitext text/x-wiki == Emily Blackwell == Emily Blackwell nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so silimiin-goli (October dabaa nii dali, yuuni 1826 ni - ka o kani silimiin - goli September dabaayɔpoin dali, 1910 yuuni ni ).Daa nyɛla America physician ŋun lahi nyɛ paɣaba yee duhibu Nira.O daa nyɛla paɣa so ŋun pahi ayi nyɛ ŋun mali "medical degree" shikuru shɛli din boli Case Western Reserve University, ŋuni daa pa Nancy Talbot Clark zuɣu ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli niri la. O daa nye nasara kurili Medical tuma ni, O daa sɔla New York infirmary for indigent women and children<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref> ka lahi kpa "Women's Central Association of Relief"<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. Blackwell ti pahi O tuzo paɣa Elizabeth daa zali Medical College New York City.<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref> Di daa bi yuui ka O daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpa "London School of Medicine for women"<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. Yuuni 1993, bɛ daa kpehi O la "National Women's Hall of Fame". '''O yiɣisibu na biɛhigu mini baŋsim bɔbu''' [[Lahabali kɔligu:Emily-Blackwell.jpg|thumb|Emily Blackwell's picture ]] Bɛ daa dɔɣi la Blackwell Bristol, England, October 8, yuuni 1826. Bihi awei puuni, ŋuna daa pahiri ayɔbu zaŋ ti Samuel mini Hannah Lane Blackwell. Blackwell daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban tibigi lala saha maa, bɛ daa nyala karimbanima ti Emily kɔ ka bɛ wuhiri O. Bɛ yɛliya ni Blackwell daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban mali baŋsim pam. Di daa sɔŋ O pam di bahi bahindi O ba Samuel ni daa di nyɛ binyɛra pam nti pahi O daa nyɛla "dissident", O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun bɔri lɛbiginsim, ka lahi nyɛ ŋun yɛri Naawuni yɛltɔɣa. Emily daa zɔri vi pam O ni daa nyɛ bia amaa ka lee mali baŋsim. O daa niŋdi "expirements" balibu bi daŋ yili ni. Yaha, O paɣasarilim ni O daa lɛbi "amateur" baŋda yaɣa kamani "flowers" mini noombihi. O daa nye yuli ŋɔ ka di nyala O ni daa karim di ka lahi kpahindi "flowers" mini noombihi bɛ yiŋ la<ref>{{Citation|title=Emily Blackwell|date=2026-05-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Blackwell&oldid=1353741705|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-26}}</ref>. == Kundivihira == p2pb53vmyn5fp2b1n5iofjme6ykiu5s 0 33632 145299 145203 2026-07-30T08:24:38Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html 79tmz6w2dvwinlfu8fixxdks9kj7hnm 145300 145299 2026-07-30T08:25:35Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives 0hl8ef34ev2xxbr60omyn3jksrklmzb 145301 145300 2026-07-30T08:27:02Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives * Shakir, Ameenah. "Rattling the Collective Consciousness: Helen Dickens and Medical Activism in Philadelphia, 1935–1980." Order No. 3434030 University of Miami, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 19 Nov. 2020. gyw99zw1nr3ljuur0v05tdqr1hmtdam 145302 145301 2026-07-30T08:27:54Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives * Shakir, Ameenah. "Rattling the Collective Consciousness: Helen Dickens and Medical Activism in Philadelphia, 1935–1980." Order No. 3434030 University of Miami, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 19 Nov. 2020. * https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-08-me-12828-story.html dcxb8jdtpri0g4v8fq4kutkjyqkxgg6 145303 145302 2026-07-30T08:28:44Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives * Shakir, Ameenah. "Rattling the Collective Consciousness: Helen Dickens and Medical Activism in Philadelphia, 1935–1980." Order No. 3434030 University of Miami, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 19 Nov. 2020. * https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-08-me-12828-story.html * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html brk36lpru0nrwz4z7indxhj1fhyx1tt 145304 145303 2026-07-30T08:29:47Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives * Shakir, Ameenah. "Rattling the Collective Consciousness: Helen Dickens and Medical Activism in Philadelphia, 1935–1980." Order No. 3434030 University of Miami, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 19 Nov. 2020. * https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-08-me-12828-story.html * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/v48/n15/deaths.html hx4krrvcfrpg3bp59hx0ehnsjrezd3l 145305 145304 2026-07-30T08:31:58Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives * Shakir, Ameenah. "Rattling the Collective Consciousness: Helen Dickens and Medical Activism in Philadelphia, 1935–1980." Order No. 3434030 University of Miami, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 19 Nov. 2020. * https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-08-me-12828-story.html * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/v48/n15/deaths.html * Smith, Jessie Carney (1991). Notable Black American Women: Book 2. Gale Research. mvqnzq9220amjnhlmh2fayt5zls8uz1 145306 145305 2026-07-30T08:33:19Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Octavia Dickens'''February bɛgu pishi ni yini 1909 – December dabaa ayi 2001 daa nyɛla American dɔɣite, dɔɣite ni salo tuhira, lahiʒibu zaa nyɛ yini tuhira, bɔhimbu tumda, lahiʒibu kpema, n-ti pahi lahiʒibu karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni daa deei American College of Surgeons ni yuuni 1950, ka o daa tum bihi dɔɣibu ni paɣaba doro yaɣili. Dickens daa tum dɔɣite shee pam n-ti pahi Aspiranto Health Home ŋun daa yo li Dr. Virginia Alexander, n-ti pahi Teen Clinic University of Pennsylvania ni ŋun daa pili li. O suhuri daa nyɛla ni o sɔŋ African-American nima nya dɔɣite tuma, ka tuma maa sɔŋ o ka o chɛri racial ni bɛ ni daa pirigi salo ni be dɔɣite tuma ni saha maa.[1] == Biɛhigu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Dickens February dabaa pishi ni yini 1909, Dayton, Ohio. O nyɛla Charles Warren Dickens mini Daisy Jane Green Dickens bia kpema bɛ bihi ata puuni. == O Ba mini O Ma == O ba, Charles Warren Dickens, daa nyɛla dɔɣim dapaɣa Civil War ni kom yihira. Union colonel daa zooi o yuun awɔi naai. O ni daa nya British sabira Charles Dickens, o daa zaŋ o yuli. O daa karim o maŋa, ka o baŋsim galisi, amaa salo biɛhigu daa che ka o tumdi yili gbaabu tuma. O ni daa mi karimbu niŋgbuna, Charles Dickens daa chaŋ Wilberforce University ni Oberlin College, ka daa naai chaŋ Dayton, Ohio ka o daa nya ka awari Helen Dickens ma. O ma, Daisy Jane Dickens (née Green), daa yi Canada, ka o daa tum tuma Reynolds family bɛ ni tumdi paper tuma ni. Daisy tizopaɣa nyɛla Chicago director Pearl G. Pachaco. == Karimbu == Dickens ba mini ma daa kpaŋsi o ni o chaŋ shikuru shɛŋa din bi pirigi niriba ni di sɔŋ o karim. O ba daa yɛli o bihi zaa ni bɛ kpaŋsi ba ka karim ka tum tuma shɛli bɛ ni bɔri. Di zuɣu Dickens daa bɔri ni o naai high school yuun pinaayɔbu ka di paai pinaayɔbu ni yini, ka o daa niŋ li domin o daa chaŋdi wuntaŋi karimbu. O ni naai o piligu karimbu, Dickens daa deei scholarship ka chaŋ Crane Junior College Chicago ka o daa karim dɔɣite piligu karimbu. O ni daa be Crane Junior College, o daa nya wahala pam domin o nyɛla paɣa n-ti pahi o kulisi. O tɔɣada pam daa niŋdi o alaabee; amaa o daa kuli be professor tooni ni o nya board ni karim baŋda ayibu ka chɛ o tɔɣada. O ni naai Crane Junior College, Dickens daa deei B.S. University of Illinois yuuni 1932, M.D. University of Illinois College of Medicine yuuni 1934, n-ti pahi master's degree medical science University of Pennsylvania yuuni 1943. O daa nyɛla paɣaba ayi o class ni, ka o ko nyɛ African-American paɣa. == Dooyili ni daŋ == Dickens daa awara Dr. Purvis Henderson yuuni 1943, ka bɛ mali bihi ayi: Dr. Jayne Henderson Brown ni Norman Henderson. == Tuma == Dickens daa tum internship Chicago Provident Hospital yuun ayi, ka o daa wari tuberculosis bɛ ni bi mali liɣiri, ka naai lee resident bihi dɔɣibu yaɣili. O daa nyɛla Virginia M. Alexander so ŋun daa pili Aspiranto Health Home, din daa be North Philadelphia gbaŋgbana ata ni. Saha maa o daa tum paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu tuma n-ti pahi general tuma. O daa tumdi ni bɛ ni bi mali so, ka di daa kani pam. Kamani saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ paɣa yini dɔɣibu yili ka bɛ bi mali light. Bɛ daa chɛ ka bed maa labi ka bɛ zaŋ chani ni tiŋa ni light maa n-dɔɣi. Ni di sɔŋ lala toba, Dr. Alexander daa zaŋ bed naayi Aspiranto. O ni daa tum di ni yuun ayɔbu nyaaŋa, o daa bɔri ni o lahi karim paɣaba doro ni bihi dɔɣibu, ka daa be Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania yuuni yini. O daa naai board exam, ka lee tuuli African American paɣa Ob/gyn board-certified Philadelphia. Yuuni 1943, Dickens daa kpe residency Harlem Hospital, New York City. O daa naai yuuni 1946 ka bɛ daa ti o American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists shɛhira gbaŋ. Yuuni 1948, o daa lee director Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Mercy Douglass hospital, din daa nyɛ racial hospital Philadelphia. O daa be di ni hali ni 1967. O ni daa chɛ hospital yuuni 1967, Dickens daa yo clinic Penn ni di sɔŋ bihi ban mali bihi. Clinic maa daa ti laɣingu yɛltɔɣa, therapy, karimbu, n-ti pahi dɔɣim tooni lihibu. Yuun ayi nyaaŋa 1969, bɛ daa piigi o dean minority admissions. Yuun anu ni, o daa sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi minority bihi Penn ni yi 3 paai 64. O ni daa tum Penn, bɛ daa ti o honorary degree yuuni 1982, ka o daa lahi deei yini yuuni 1979 Medical College of Pennsylvania. O tuma ni, Dickens daa sabi yɛltɔɣa pam n-ti pahi buku yaɣa bihi dɔɣibu, di chɛbu, n-ti pahi bia doro polo. O daa yɛliya ni o sabu be "Pan American Medical Women's Journal, American Practice and Diagnosis of Treatment, American Journal of OB/GYN, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, ni Women's Wellness". == Bɔhimbu == O ni daa tum clinic maa, Dickens daa bɔri baŋsim bihi dɔɣibu ni doro din yiri o ni polo polo, ka o daa zaŋ o ni nyaa wuhiri bihi ban mali bihi. O lahi daa tum pam cancer tuma ni karimbu. Dickens daa pili program, National Institute of Health ni daa sɔŋ li, ni bɛ niŋ pap test bɛ baŋ cervical cancer. O ni daa tum o tuma, bɛ daa ti o pina pam. Di puuni shɛŋa: Gimbel Philadelphia Award "tuma din galisi zaŋ ti niriba", Medical Woman of the Year, Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania, Daisy Lumpkin Award, Mercy Douglass Hospital Award, ni Sadie Alexander Award Delta Sigma Theta ni ti li community tuma zuɣu. == Kum == Dickens daa kpi stroke zuɣu o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anahi, Hahnemann University Hospital, December dabaa ayi 2001. Pina mini o ni daa chɛ Yuuni 1986, National Coalition of 100 Black Women daa ti o Candace Award. Yuuni 1991, Penn Women of Color celebration ni bɛ daa ti o pini din galisi. Bɛ daa boli li Dr. Helen O. Dickens Lifetime Achievement Award. Bɛ ti li ninvuɣu shɛba ban sɔŋ Women of Color pam Penn ni Delaware Valley. Yuuni 1994, o daa ti University of Pennsylvania o sabu (accession number 1994: 62), ka daa lahi ti yini yuuni 2002 (accession number 2002:7). Dickens ni Georgios mini Andromachi Papanikolaou n-ti pahi Hashime Murayama ni daa tum cervical cancer polo daa be documentary The Cancer Detectives, din daa piligi March dabaa pishi ni ayɔbu 2024 American Experience. == Kundivihira; == * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://www.kpbs.org/news/2024/02/27/american-experience-the-cancer-detectives * Shakir, Ameenah. "Rattling the Collective Consciousness: Helen Dickens and Medical Activism in Philadelphia, 1935–1980." Order No. 3434030 University of Miami, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 19 Nov. 2020. * https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-08-me-12828-story.html * https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_82.html * https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/v48/n15/deaths.html * Smith, Jessie Carney (1991). Notable Black American Women: Book 2. Gale Research. * Notable Black American Women, Book 2. Thomson Gale. 1996. p. 179. <nowiki>ISBN 0810391775</nowiki>. 403fwekkekhq9t5s5dlke184d2ptnwo 0 33635 145296 145062 2026-07-29T23:39:41Z Samaru Samaru 6396 Added reference and hyperlinks 145296 wikitext text/x-wiki === <ref>{{Citation|last=Rodrigues|first=Taciane Cintra Taveira|title=ANEMIA EM PACIENTES COM ANOREXIA NERVOSA|date=2020|url=https://doi.org/10.35587/brj.ed.0000453|work=Perspectiva Contemporânea das Ciências da Saúde (3a Edição)|pages=74–81|publisher=Brazilian Journals Editora|isbn=978-65-86230-25-3|access-date=2026-07-21|last2=Sanches|first2=João Paulo Pini|last3=Manochio-Pina|first3=Marina Garcia}}</ref>'''JENNIFER DOUDNA;''' === Jennifer Anne Doudna ForMemRS [[Lahabali kɔligu:Jennifer Doudna (2016).jpg|thumb|Dr. Jennifer Anne DoudnaBɛ dɔɣi o February dabaa 19, 1964 - Washington, D.C., America   Yuuni 2023 ni o daa nyɛ yuun 62 Karimbu Pomona College (BA)   Harvard University (MA, PhD) Bɛ mi o ni Tuuli X-ray structure zaŋ n-ti catalytic RNA   RNA interference   CRISPR O Yidaana Tom Griffin (bɛ kuli 1988, bɛ daa che)   Jamie Cate (bɛ kuli 2000) Awards - Pina o deei Alan T. Waterman Award (2000)   Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award (2014)   Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2015)   Princess of Asturias Award (2015)   Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science (2016)   Japan Prize (2017)   Kavli Prize in Nanoscience (2018)   Wolf Prize in Medicine (2020)   Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2020)   List kam O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Baŋsim Yaɣili: Chemistry - Kombuŋgbani Baŋsim   Tuma shee:   University of Colorado, Boulder   Yale University   University of California, Berkeley   Gladstone Institutes   University of California, San Francisco O PhD Tesis "Towards the Design of an RNA Replicase" (1989) O Karim Baŋda PhD karim baŋda: Jack Szostak   O karim baŋda so: Thomas Cech O Bihi Ŋun Naai PhD Rachel Haurwitz   Janice Chen   Lei Stanley Qi   Samuel H. Sternberg]] Bɛ dɔɣi o February bɛgu pishi ni awɔi 1964<ref><nowiki>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jennifer-Doudna</nowiki></ref> Jennifer Anne Doudna nyɛla American [[:en:Biochemist|biochemist]] so ŋun daa pili [[:en:CRISPR_gene_editing|CRISPR gene]] editing tuma, ka lahi tum tuma pam biochemistry ni genetics polo. O mini [[:en:Emmanuelle_Charpentier|Emmanuelle]] Charpentier daa deei 2020 [[:en:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry|Nobel Pini Chemistry]] polo, "bɛ ni daa yihi soli genome editing<ref><nowiki>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/science/nobel-prize-chemistry-crispr.html</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2020/press-release/</nowiki></ref> polo" zuɣu. O nyɛla Li Ka Shing Chancellor's Chair Professor University of California, Berkeley. O nyɛla investigator Howard Hughes Medical Institute ni yuuni 1997 naai. Yuuni 2012, Doudna mini Emmanuelle Charpentier daa nyɛla tuuli ban yɛli ni CRISPR-[[:en:Cas9|Cas9]] (bacteria ni yina enzyme shɛŋa din kpaŋsiri microbial immunity) tooi tumdi genome editing.<ref><nowiki>https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/winter-2014-gender-assumptions/cracking-code-jennifer-doudna-and-her-amazing</nowiki></ref> Bɛ booni li "[[:en:History_of_biology|biology tarihi]]<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times</nowiki></ref> puuni anfaani din galisi yini". Di nyaaŋa, Doudna daa lee toondana "[[:en:CRISPR|CRISPR]] revolution" ni domin o tuma ni o zaashee CRISPR-mediated genome [[:en:Genome_editing|editing polo]]. == Pina mini Shɛhira gbaŋ pini == Doudna pina ni fellowship shɛŋa puuni: yuuni 2000 Alan T. Waterman Award o ni daa bɔri ribozyme structure, ka o daa zaŋ X-ray crystallography nya li; n-ti pahi yuuni 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology zuɣu, ni Charpentier. O mini o tɔɣada daa lahi deei Gruber Prize in Genetics (2015), Tang Prize (201 6), Canada Gairdner International Award (2016), ni Japan Prize (2017). Yuuni 2015, Time magazine daa boli o ni o be Time 100 ninvuɣu shɛba ban mali yaa, ka yuuni 2023 bɛ daa zaŋ o kpe National Inventors Hall of Fame. == Piligu biɛhigu ni karimbu == Bɛ daa dɔɣi Jennifer Doudna February dabaa pishi ni awɔi 1964, Washington, D.C., ka o nyɛ Dorothy Jane (Williams) mini Martin Kirk Doudna<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannica.com</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=voRmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Arthur+Bundy+and+Ruth+Edson+(+Dewey+)+D+.%3B+m+.+Dorothy+Jane+Williams+,+Sept.+15.+1962+%3B+children+:+Jennifer+Anne%22&redir_esc=y</nowiki></ref> bia. O ba daa deei Ph.D. English literature [[:en:University_of_Michigan|University of Michigan]], ka o ma mali master's degree<ref><nowiki>https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/winter-2014-gender-assumptions/cracking-code-jennifer-doudna-and-her-amazing</nowiki></ref> karimbu polo. Doudna ni daa nyɛ yuun ayɔbu, bɛ daŋa daa chaŋ Hawaii ni o ba chaŋ wuhi American literature [[:en:University_of_Hawaiʻi_at_Hilo|University of Hawaii at Hilo]].<ref><nowiki>https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/winter-2014-gender-assumptions/cracking-code-jennifer-doudna-and-her-amazing</nowiki></ref> O ma daa lahi deei master's degree ayi Asian history polo, ka o daa wuhi history community college ni. O ni daa zoori Hilo, Hawaii, Doudna daa bɔri tiŋa maa binda ni binwɔbiri. O ba daa bɔri ni o karim science buku, ka bɛ mali popular science buku yili. O ni daa be sixth grade, o ba daa ti o James Watson 1968 buku The Double Helix din yɛli DNA structure piligu. Di daa kpaŋsi o pam. Doudna lahi daa bɔri science ni mathematics shikuru. O ni daa be Hilo High School, o 10th-grade chemistry karim baŋda Jeanette Wong daa kpaŋsi o pam ni o zaŋ o suhiri pa science. Cancer cell karim baŋda so ŋun daa kana gba daa kpaŋsi o. O daa tum wuntaŋi yini University of Hawaii at Hilo lab mycologist Don Hemmes sani, ka naai Hilo High School yuuni 1981. Doudna daa chaŋ Pomona College, Claremont, California, ka o daa karim biochemistry. O freshman year, o ni daa be general chemistry class, o daa nya suhi ka o bɔri ni o taɣi o major French. Amaa o French karim baŋda daa yɛli o ni o ti be science. Pomona chemistry professors Fred Grieman ni Corwin Hansch daa tum o zuɣu pam. O daa piligi o tuuli research professor Sharon Panasenko lab ni. O daa deei Bachelor of Arts degree biochemistry yuuni 1985. O daa pili o Ph.D. Harvard Medical School, ka daa naai ka deei Ph.D. biological chemistry ni molecular pharmacology yuuni 1989. O Ph.D. sabu daa nyɛla system shɛli din kpaŋsiri self-replicating catalytic RNA, ka Jack W. Szostak daa su o. ho4r68tks62vv5wlc6oal2aq84nq94x 0 33636 145284 145213 2026-07-29T20:59:44Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 76, San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == Honors and awards == * 1995: NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * 2000: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * 2001: American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * 2006: Tubman's Sheila Award * 2011: Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * 2012: Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * 2013: Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2014: Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * 2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * 2017: ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == mkt44itptcr5y29n6b9tkexgq31pyf7 145285 145284 2026-07-29T21:00:59Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 76, San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == Honors and awards == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * 2001: American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * 2006: Tubman's Sheila Award * 2011: Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * 2012: Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * 2013: Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2014: Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * 2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * 2017: ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == c800ng3c2tmujjyzlveobusiw7tsmgv 145286 145285 2026-07-29T21:02:11Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 76, San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * 2006: Tubman's Sheila Award * 2011: Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * 2012: Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * 2013: Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2014: Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * 2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * 2017: ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == 5nv3ek5gblyo1p12v06y02fv55q3t0m 145287 145286 2026-07-29T21:02:59Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * 2006: Tubman's Sheila Award * 2011: Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * 2012: Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * 2013: Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2014: Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * 2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * 2017: ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == 6z9381vz3ufmv9mafznj7kpmsoshqnt 145288 145287 2026-07-29T21:03:29Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * Yuuni 2006 ni : Tubman's Sheila Award * Yuuni 2011 ni : Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * 2012: Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * 2013: Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2014: Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * 2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * 2017: ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == imdpugkev159ourkk7qcqelk41bpvd5 145289 145288 2026-07-29T21:04:04Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * Yuuni 2006 ni : Tubman's Sheila Award * Yuuni 2011 ni : Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * Yuuni 2012 ni : Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * Yuuni 2013 ni : Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2014 ni : Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * 2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * 2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * 2017: ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == pbq95o4js4xqv86ryi8p31atr5qhq42 145290 145289 2026-07-29T21:04:39Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * Yuuni 2006 ni : Tubman's Sheila Award * Yuuni 2011 ni : Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * Yuuni 2012 ni : Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * Yuuni 2013 ni : Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2014 ni : Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * Yuuni 2014 ni : Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2017 ni : Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * Yuuni 2017 ni : ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * 2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * 2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * 2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == cjoz84729hxyaibv47j0dsir1cr24c3 145291 145290 2026-07-29T21:05:19Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * Yuuni 2006 ni : Tubman's Sheila Award * Yuuni 2011 ni : Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * Yuuni 2012 ni : Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * Yuuni 2013 ni : Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2014 ni : Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * Yuuni 2014 ni : Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2017 ni : Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * Yuuni 2017 ni : ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * Yuuni 2017 ni : Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * Yuuni 2018 ni : New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * Yuuni 2018 ni: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * 2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * 2024, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == ha84sgp0bvkl1tnpehjky2z34vghniq 145292 145291 2026-07-29T21:06:13Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's Black Woman of Achievement Award<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * Yuuni 2006 ni : Tubman's Sheila Award * Yuuni 2011 ni : Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * Yuuni 2012 ni : Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * Yuuni 2013 ni : Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2014 ni : Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * Yuuni 2014 ni : Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2017 ni : Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * Yuuni 2017 ni : ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * Yuuni 2017 ni : Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * Yuuni 2018 ni : New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * Yuuni 2018 ni: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * Yuuni 2021 ni , it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * Yuuni 2024 ni , inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == 81ezhr1wbgf633jrv2izxrdaujb0tic 145293 145292 2026-07-29T21:09:11Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145293 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PARTRICIA BATH'''; '''Bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli November dabaa nahi dali, yuuni 1942 ni, New York City, U.S.'''  [[Lahabali kɔligu:Patriciabath.jpg|thumb|Patricia bathBe doɣi o la]] '''O kpi''' dabaa nahi '''bɛgu pihita 2019, o ni daa nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni ayɔbu , San Francisco, California, U.S.''' Patricia Era Bath daa nyɛh African American nina dɔɣatei ni salo sɔŋda. Bɛ mi o domin o ni daa kpaŋsi "community eye care" ni o ni daa mali faliŋa din pali cataract tuma. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa so ŋun ti kpɛm postgraduate training program nini doro polo, n-ti pahi tuuli paɣa so bɛ ni piigi UCLA Medical Center honorary staff. Bath mi daa nyɛla tuuli African-American so ŋun tum residency nini doro polo New York University. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun lee surgeon UCLA Medical Center. '''Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu'''; Bɛ daa dɔɣi Bath yuuni 1942 Harlem, New York. O ba yuli booni o la Rupert, o yi Trinidad, ka o daa nyɛ newspaper sabira, n-ti pahi tuuli black man so ŋun tum New York City Subway motorman. O ba daa kpaŋsi o ni o bɔri alahaala ni tiŋsi din pa o tiŋa. O ma mi daa yi African dapaɣaba mini Cherokee Native Americans. O ba mini o ma daa kuli wuhiri o ni: "Di chɛ ka a zaŋ a maŋa duŋ di ka a naai o parigibu". O ma daa teli o chemistry set o ni daa nyɛ yuun 12. O ni daa be high school, Bath daa nyɛla National Science Foundation Scholar. Di zuɣu o cancer research daa chaŋ New York saha tooni. Bath mini o tizobiga daa chaŋ Charles Evans Hughes High School, ka bɛ daa kpaŋsi ba science ni mathematics. O ni daa nya National Science Foundation Scholarship, o daa tum research Yeshiva University ni Harlem Hospital ni bɛ baŋ cancer, nuhi, ni suhigu laɣimbu. O daa nya ni tumor nyɛla cancer yuli. O lahi daa mali equation din tooi saɣi cancer cell kpaŋbu. Bɛ daa sabi o nyaaŋa scientific paper ni. Yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 18, Mademoiselle magazine daa ti o Merit pini. Bath daa deei Bachelor of Arts chemistry Hunter College yuuni 1964. Ka daa chaŋ Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. O ni daa be Howard, o daa pili Student National Medical Association ka lee o tuuli paɣa president yuuni 1965. O daa naai ka deei M.D. yuuni 1968. Martin Luther King Jr. ni daa kpi yuuni 1968 nyaaŋa, Bath daa kpe Poor People's Campaign. O daa kpaŋsi Howard medical bihi ka bɛ chaŋ Resurrection City ni bɛ sɔŋ salo. Bath daa labi Harlem Hospital Center ni o tum internship. O daa nya ni bɛ ni bi nya nini dɔɣite Harlem Hospital. Di zuɣu o daa pili ni o ti bɔri data blind nima polo. O ni daa kpe NYU residency yuuni 1970 hali ni 1973, o daa nyɛla tuuli African American so ŋun naai di. '''Tuma'''; O ni naai residency, Bath daa tum corneal fellowship Columbia University. Nyaaŋa bɛ daa boli o UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute ni Charles R. Drew University ni bɛ zaŋ o pili ophthalmology residency program Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital. O daa lee tuuli paɣa dɔɣite UCLA medical school faculty ni. Yuuni 1974 bɛ daa piigi o assistant chief King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, ka yuuni 1983 o daa lee chief. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa US puuni zaa ŋun kpɛm ophthalmology residency program. Yuuni 1978 UCLA, Bath daa pili Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP). Bɛ ni wuhi so daa nyɛla ni bɛ sɔŋdi blind prevention tuma. Bath daa pili Keratoprosthesis Program UCLA ni di sɔŋ blind nima nya nini. Ninvuɣu tuhi pam daa nya baŋsim di zuɣu. Yuuni 1983 bɛ daa piigi o kpɛm national keratoprosthesis study. O ni daa bɔri ni o tum research amaa bɛ daa bi ti o liɣiri, Bath daa chaŋ Europe: France, England, Germany ni o lahi karim. Yuuni 1993 o daa yi UCLA tuma ni, ka bɛ piigi o tuuli paɣa UCLA honorary staff. Bath daa lahi wuhiri Howard University School of Medicine ni St. George's University. O daa nyɛla telemedicine tuhira, ka yɛli ni virtual labs sɔŋdi dɔɣite nima ni bɛ nya 3D ni bɛ wuhim. Nini biɛhigu bɔhimbu ni "Community Ophthalmology" Bath daa sabi tuuli paper din wuhiri ni black nima mali blind pam. O daa nya ni African Americans mali glaucoma din che blind yaa 8 times. Yuuni 1976, o mini o tɔɣada daa pili nonprofit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AIPB Washington D.C. Di niya daa nyɛla "community ophthalmology" - ni bɛ zaŋ nini lihibu, karimbu, ni chɛbu chaŋ tiŋsi ban bi nya dɔɣite. '''Salo sɔŋsim tuma'''; AIPB daa wuhiri ni "nini nyɛla niriba hakki". Bɛ daa tiri bihi nini kom, vitamin, ni vaccination din chɛri blind. Bath daa chani tiŋsi pam ni o tum tuma, wuhiri, ni yɛli yɛltɔɣa. O "biɛhigu niŋgbuna din galisi" daa nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ keratoprosthesis labi paɣa yini nini din daa bi nya yuun pihita. Yuuni 2005, o daa chaŋ Tanzania domin cataract daa nyɛla din che bihi blind pam. AIPB daa lahi ti blind shikuru nima computer Tanzania ni Kenya. President Barack Obama daa bo o na yuuni 2009 ni o sɔŋ commission din lihiri blind bihi digital tuma. April 2019, Bath daa yɛli Senate ni paɣaba biɛla STEM ni inventors puuni. O ni mali faliŋa Yuuni 1980s, Bath daa mali laserphaco probe - faliŋa din zaŋ laser n-chɛ cataract. Di daa pali ka di bi kɔŋdi pam. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun deei patent medical tuma zuɣu yuuni 1988. O device maa nyɛla din zaŋ laser n-nyɛri cataract, n-wari li, n-wi nini, ka zaŋ lens palli kpe. Dunia zaa pa tumdi li. Bath mali patent anu US. 3 zaŋ jɛndi Laserphaco Probe, 1 zaŋ jɛndi ultrasound, 1 zaŋ jɛndi laser mini ultrasound laɣimbu. O daa kpi yuuni 2019, amaa o tuma pa lahi sɔŋdi niriba miliyɔŋ pam ka bɛ nya baŋsim. == O Nintiɣili nim mini kpaŋmaŋ pina == * Yuuni 1995 ni : o nyɛla ŋun daa deegi kpaŋmaŋ pini yuli booni NAACP Legal Defense mini Educational Fund's Black Woman din nyɛ pin-gahindili .<ref name="StGeorgesUniversity" /> * Yuuni 2000 ni: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program * Yuuni 2001 ni : American Medical Women's Association induction into Hall of Fame<ref name="LessonsIveLearned" /> * Yuuni 2006 ni : Tubman's Sheila Award * Yuuni 2011 ni : Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration." * Yuuni 2012 ni : Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award * Yuuni 2013 ni : Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2014 ni : Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences * Yuuni 2014 ni : Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<ref name="Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site" /> * Yuuni 2017 ni : Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine" * Yuuni 2017 ni : ''Time Magazine'' "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World" for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery * Yuuni 2017 ni : Hunter College Hall of Fame induction * Yuuni 2018 ni : New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery * Yuuni 2018 ni: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention * Yuuni 2021 ni , it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with Marian Croak) to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. * Yuuni 2024 ni , inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame == Kundivihira; == 2jyfgqm0gxp3tabf9bi412nvfuhb6ws 0 33637 145307 145222 2026-07-30T08:37:39Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145307 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Dorothy Lavinia Brown.jpg|thumb|'''Bɛ dɔɣi o:''' January dabaa ayɔbu, 1914  '''Be:''' Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. '''O kpi:''' June dabaa pinaata, 2004 (o ni daa nyɛ yuun 90)  '''Be:''' Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. '''O tuma:'''  dɔɣite so ŋun chɛri niriba, siyaasa nira, karim baŋda '''Bɛ mi o:''' tuuli African American paɣa so ŋun kpe Tennessee General Assembly ni '''O siyaasa laɣingu:''' Democratic Party.]] === '''Dorothy Lavinia Brown;''' === Dr. Dorothy Lavinia Brown "Dr. D."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rust|first=Randal|title=Brown, Dorothy Lavinia|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/dorothy-lavinia-brown/|access-date=2026-07-28|website=Tennessee Encyclopedia|language=en-US}}</ref>   Bɛ dɔɣi o January dabaa ayɔbu 1914 – O kpi June bɛgu pinaata 2004 Dr. Dorothy Lavinia Brown daa nyɛla African-American dɔɣite so ŋun chɛri, siyaasa nim kpema, ni karim baŋda. O daa nyɛla tuuli paɣa African-American ancestry so ŋun lee surgeon United States Southeast yaɣili. O lahi nyɛla tuuli African American paɣa so ŋun tum Tennessee General Assembly ni domin bɛ daa piigi o Tennessee House of Representatives.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Windsor|first=Laura|url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=QtZtkf35CF0C&pg=PA37&redir_esc=y|title=Women in Medicine: An Encyclopedia|date=2002-11-14|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-57607-392-6|language=en}}</ref> O ni daa be House of Representatives, Brown daa tuhiri paɣaba hakki ni black nima hakki. Yuuni 1956, Brown daa lee tuuli paɣa so ŋun bi mali awara Tennessee ka bɛ ti o soli ni o deei bia. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu ==== January 1914, bɛ daa dɔɣi Brown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. O ni daa nyɛ dabaa anu, o ma Edna Brown daa chɛ o Troy Orphan Asylum, orphanage Troy, New York. Dorothy daa be orphanage maa hali o ni daa pa yuun 12. O ma ni daa bɔri ni o chaŋ be o sani, Brown daa bolgi o maŋa dabaa anu, amaa o daa labi orphanage maa o dabaa zaa. O ni daa pa yuun 15, Brown daa kpe Troy High School. Shikuru kpema daa baŋ ni Brown bi mali yili, ka o daa saɣisi ni Lola mini Samuel Wesley Redmon zaŋ o. O daa lahi tum mother's helper Mrs. W. F. Jarrett yili Albany, New York. O ni daa nyɛ yuun 15, o daa lahi tum self-service laundry. O ni naai high school, Brown daa chaŋ Bennett College, historically black college Greensboro, North Carolina. Women's Division of Christian Service of the Methodist Church daa ti o scholarship. Saha maa o daa lahi tum inspector Rochester Army Ordnance Department. O daa naai o class puuni niriba ayi yuuni 1941. Yuuni 1944, bɛ daa deei Brown ni o chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma Meharry Medical College, historically black college Nashville. O daa tum internship Harlem Hospital New York City. O ni naai yuuni 1948, ka o be o class puuni niriba ata puuni yini, Brown daa lee resident Hubbard Hospital Meharry yuuni 1949, di ni daa bi bɔri ni bɛ wuhi paɣaba surgery maa. Chief surgeon Matthew Walker, Sr., M.D. daa saɣiti li. Brown daa naai o residency yuuni 1954. Shɛli din kpaŋsi Brown ni o lee surgeon: o ni daa nya lihibu o ni daa chɛri o tonsil, n-ti pahi o ni daa nya wumbu din che ka o bɔri ni o tum shɛli din che ka African Americans yɛli ba ni ba yɛla. ===== Tuma ===== O piligu, Brown daa sɔŋ World War II ni o dɔɣite tuma. O daa lahi tum inspector Rochester Army Ordnance Department. Brown daa nyɛla chief surgeon Riverside Hospital Nashville yuuni 1957 hali ni 1983. Yuuni 1966, o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so bɛ ni piigi Tennessee General Assembly, ka o daa tum di ni yuun ayi. O ni daa be siyaasa ni, o daa kpaŋma ni bɛ saɣiti abortion rape bee incest ni, n-ti pahi "ma biɛhigu be goli ni" saha. O lahi daa sɔŋ Negro History Act, din yɛli ni public shikuru nima Tennessee niŋ program Negro History Week ni bɛ teei African Americans tuma. Yuuni 1959, Brown daa lee tuuli black paɣa surgeon so ŋun lee fellow American College of Surgeons. Yuuni 1968, Brown daa bɔri ni o kpe Tennessee Senate, amaa o daa bi nya nasara domin o ni daa sɔŋ abortion soli zuɣu. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi o dɔɣite tuma Riverside Hospital. O daa lahi tum attending surgeon George W. Hubbard mini General Hospitals, ka o daa nyɛ director education Riverside mini Meharry Hospitals. O daa lahi nyɛla surgery professor Meharry Medical College, ka sɔŋ National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Brown daa lahi be Joint Committee on Opportunities for Women in Medicine, American Medical Association ni daa pili li. O daa nyɛla NAACP member ni o tuhiri black nima hakki. Brown daa sabi o biɛhigu taarihi, yɛltɔɣa, ni kpaŋsibu buku. ====== Pina ====== Yuuni 1959, o daa lee paɣaba ata so ŋun lee Fellow American College of Surgeons, ka o nyɛ tuuli African-American paɣa. Yuuni 1971, bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli boli Dorothy L. Brown Women's Residence Meharry Medical College. O daa lahi deei honorary doctorate degree Russell Sage College Troy, New York, ni Bennett College Greensboro, North Carolina. Bennett College ni Cumberland University daa lahi ti o honorary degree Humanities polo. Brown daa be Bennett College board of trustees ni Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Bɛ daa ti o Horatio Alger Award yuuni 1994 ni Carnegie Foundation humanitarian award yuuni 1993. ====== O biɛhigu ====== Yuuni 1956, Brown daa saɣiti ni o deei bia so o patient so ŋun daa bi mali awara Riverside Hospital ni daa dɔɣi. Brown daa bɔri bia ka mi ni di kani. Di zuɣu o daa lee tuuli paɣa so ŋun bi mali awara Tennessee ka bɛ saɣiti ni o deei bia. O daa boli bia maa Lola Denise Brown, ni o teei o so ŋun zooi o Lola. Nyaaŋa o daa lahi deei bidibiga Kevin. Brown daa nyɛla United Methodist Church member. == Kundivihira; == <references group="http://archives.gcah.org/bitstream/handle/10516/7304/article24.aspx.htm?sequence=2" /> jxr5cvhpyiz1k1jqwdhylkd0hpskjyx 0 33638 145308 145206 2026-07-30T08:39:52Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:May Edward Chinn 1917.jpg|thumb|May chinn;'''Bɛ dɔɣi o:''' April dabaa pinaanu, 1896  '''Be:''' Great Barrington, Massachusetts, U.S. '''O kpi:''' December dabaa yini, 1980 (o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84)  '''Be:''' New York City, New York, U.S. '''O ni daa karim shee:'''  Teachers College, Columbia University (B.S., 1921)  Bellevue Hospital Medical College (M.D., 1926) '''O tuma:''' Dɔɣite '''Bɛ mi o:''' Tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College]] '''May Chinn;''' Dr. May Edward Chinn Bɛ dɔɣi o April bɛgu pinaanu 1896 – O kpi December dabsili yini 1980 Dr. May Edward Chinn daa nyɛla American dɔɣite paɣa. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College, din pa nyɛ NYU School of Medicine, n-ti pahi tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship Harlem Hospital. O ni daa yo o maŋa dɔɣite shee, o daa lihiri black nima ban bi tooi nya lihibu white nima hospital. O lahi daa nyɛla tuhira pam ni bɛ baŋ cancer piligu. === Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu === Bɛ daa dɔɣi Chinn April dabaa pinaanu 1896, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, ka bɛ zooi o New York City. O ba, William Lafayette Chinn, bɛ daa dɔɣi o dapaɣa yuuni 1852 Manassas, Virginia. O ni daa nyɛ yuun 11, o daa bolgi o maŋa dapaɣatali ni. O ma, Lula Ann Evans, bɛ daa dɔɣo yuuni 1876 Norfolk, Virginia. O nyɛla African American ŋun yi Chickahominy niriba ni, din be Algonquin tribe puuni. Lula Ann Evans daa tumdila yili lihira Charles L. Tiffany, jewelry tumda ŋun be Irvington, New York yili. O ni nya liɣiri, Lula Ann daa mali li ni o tim o bia chaŋ Bordentown Manual and Training Industrial School, boarding school New Jersey. Chinn ni daa nya jaw doro osteomyelitis, o daa labi New York ni bɛ chɛri o. O ni daa be white Tiffany family ni, bɛ daa wuhi o classical music, German ni French. Charles Tiffany ni daa kpi ka bɛ daa yi o yili, Chinn mini o ma daa labi New York City ka o daa labi shikuru ni o lahi tum piano. Di ni daa ka liɣiri ka Chinn naai high school, o daa lahi chaŋ Columbia Teachers College ni o di entrance exam yuuni 1917. Piligu o daa karim music, amaa o daa taɣi o ni karim science domin racism music karim baŋda ni daa niŋ o, ni o ni daa nya sɔɣu o ni sabi science paper. O karim baŋda Jean Broadhurst daa nya o baŋsim bacteriology ni. O ni daa be undergraduate year naai, Chinn daa tum clinical pathology lab ni technician. O daa naai Columbia Teachers College yuuni 1921 ka lahi be lab maa. Amaa o bɔri music maa daa bi kpi - o daa lahi wuhiri bihi piano, ka lahi nyɛ Paul Robeson music tumda yuun 4 1920s ni. Chinn daa be Delta Sigma Theta laɣingu. February 1921, o daa be tuuli paɣaba shɛba bɛ ni piigi Alpha Beta chapter, ni Eslanda Goode Robeson. ===== Dɔɣite karimbu ===== Chinn daa chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma Bellevue Hospital Medical College, ka o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai di yuuni 1926. O ni naai, hospital shɛli bi daa saɣiti ni o tum di ni domin bɛ bi saɣiti black nima hospital residency ni research. Rockefeller Institute daa bɔri ni o tum research fellowship hali ka bɛ daa baŋ ni o nyɛla black. O kulisi ni o yuli zuɣu, niriba pam daa mi o ni o nyɛ white bee Chinese. Harlem Hospital ko daa ti o internship. Chinn daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship di ni, ka lahi chani ambulance ni. Hospital maa daa lahi bi saɣiti ni o tum di ni. O daa yɛli Muriel Petioni ni black tuma nira nima daa bi lihiri o domin bɛ mi o ni o nyɛla white. Di zuɣu Chinn daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee, ka lihiri o patients o office ni n-ti pahi bɛ yili. Di zuɣu o daa labi deei master's degree public health Columbia University yuuni 1933. Yuuni 1940, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia ni daa kpaŋsiri integration nyaaŋa Harlem Riot 1935, Harlem Hospital daa ti Chinn soli ni o admitting privileges. ====== Tuma ====== Yuuni 1944, Strang Clinic daa piigi Chinn ni o tum research cancer polo, ka o daa be di ni yuun 29. Society of Surgical Oncology daa boli o ni o kpe di ni. Yuuni 1975, o daa pili laɣingu ni di kpaŋsi African-American paɣaba ni bɛ chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa tum o private practice hali o ni daa pa yuun 81. O ni daa chaŋ reception Columbia University ni o teei o yɔɣu, Chinn daa gbaagi ka kpi December dabaa yini 1980, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84. == Kundivihira == * f0ofga9a460sjdhp4axv0cvonrb83fl 145309 145308 2026-07-30T08:40:13Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:May Edward Chinn 1917.jpg|thumb|May chinn;'''Bɛ dɔɣi o:''' April dabaa pinaanu, 1896  '''Be:''' Great Barrington, Massachusetts, U.S. '''O kpi:''' December dabaa yini, 1980 (o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84)  '''Be:''' New York City, New York, U.S. '''O ni daa karim shee:'''  Teachers College, Columbia University (B.S., 1921)  Bellevue Hospital Medical College (M.D., 1926) '''O tuma:''' Dɔɣite '''Bɛ mi o:''' Tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College]] '''May Chinn;''' Dr. May Edward Chinn Bɛ dɔɣi o April bɛgu pinaanu 1896 – O kpi December dabsili yini 1980 Dr. May Edward Chinn daa nyɛla American dɔɣite paɣa. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College, din pa nyɛ NYU School of Medicine, n-ti pahi tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship Harlem Hospital. O ni daa yo o maŋa dɔɣite shee, o daa lihiri black nima ban bi tooi nya lihibu white nima hospital. O lahi daa nyɛla tuhira pam ni bɛ baŋ cancer piligu. === Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu === Bɛ daa dɔɣi Chinn April dabaa pinaanu 1896, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, ka bɛ zooi o New York City. O ba, William Lafayette Chinn, bɛ daa dɔɣi o dapaɣa yuuni 1852 Manassas, Virginia. O ni daa nyɛ yuun 11, o daa bolgi o maŋa dapaɣatali ni. O ma, Lula Ann Evans, bɛ daa dɔɣo yuuni 1876 Norfolk, Virginia. O nyɛla African American ŋun yi Chickahominy niriba ni, din be Algonquin tribe puuni. Lula Ann Evans daa tumdila yili lihira Charles L. Tiffany, jewelry tumda ŋun be Irvington, New York yili. O ni nya liɣiri, Lula Ann daa mali li ni o tim o bia chaŋ Bordentown Manual and Training Industrial School, boarding school New Jersey. Chinn ni daa nya jaw doro osteomyelitis, o daa labi New York ni bɛ chɛri o. O ni daa be white Tiffany family ni, bɛ daa wuhi o classical music, German ni French. Charles Tiffany ni daa kpi ka bɛ daa yi o yili, Chinn mini o ma daa labi New York City ka o daa labi shikuru ni o lahi tum piano. Di ni daa ka liɣiri ka Chinn naai high school, o daa lahi chaŋ Columbia Teachers College ni o di entrance exam yuuni 1917. Piligu o daa karim music, amaa o daa taɣi o ni karim science domin racism music karim baŋda ni daa niŋ o, ni o ni daa nya sɔɣu o ni sabi science paper. O karim baŋda Jean Broadhurst daa nya o baŋsim bacteriology ni. O ni daa be undergraduate year naai, Chinn daa tum clinical pathology lab ni technician. O daa naai Columbia Teachers College yuuni 1921 ka lahi be lab maa. Amaa o bɔri music maa daa bi kpi - o daa lahi wuhiri bihi piano, ka lahi nyɛ Paul Robeson music tumda yuun 4 1920s ni. Chinn daa be Delta Sigma Theta laɣingu. February 1921, o daa be tuuli paɣaba shɛba bɛ ni piigi Alpha Beta chapter, ni Eslanda Goode Robeson. ===== Dɔɣite karimbu ===== Chinn daa chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma Bellevue Hospital Medical College, ka o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai di yuuni 1926. O ni naai, hospital shɛli bi daa saɣiti ni o tum di ni domin bɛ bi saɣiti black nima hospital residency ni research. Rockefeller Institute daa bɔri ni o tum research fellowship hali ka bɛ daa baŋ ni o nyɛla black. O kulisi ni o yuli zuɣu, niriba pam daa mi o ni o nyɛ white bee Chinese. Harlem Hospital ko daa ti o internship. Chinn daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship di ni, ka lahi chani ambulance ni. Hospital maa daa lahi bi saɣiti ni o tum di ni. O daa yɛli Muriel Petioni ni black tuma nira nima daa bi lihiri o domin bɛ mi o ni o nyɛla white. Di zuɣu Chinn daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee, ka lihiri o patients o office ni n-ti pahi bɛ yili. Di zuɣu o daa labi deei master's degree public health Columbia University yuuni 1933. Yuuni 1940, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia ni daa kpaŋsiri integration nyaaŋa Harlem Riot 1935, Harlem Hospital daa ti Chinn soli ni o admitting privileges. ====== Tuma ====== Yuuni 1944, Strang Clinic daa piigi Chinn ni o tum research cancer polo, ka o daa be di ni yuun 29. Society of Surgical Oncology daa boli o ni o kpe di ni. Yuuni 1975, o daa pili laɣingu ni di kpaŋsi African-American paɣaba ni bɛ chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa tum o private practice hali o ni daa pa yuun 81. O ni daa chaŋ reception Columbia University ni o teei o yɔɣu, Chinn daa gbaagi ka kpi December dabaa yini 1980, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84. == Kundivihira == *# *# Fee, Elizabeth. Changing the face of medicine: Celebrating America's women physicians. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 2004. py1iaztz66cwc2c2tyfc07aerj174hb 145310 145309 2026-07-30T08:41:01Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145310 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:May Edward Chinn 1917.jpg|thumb|May chinn;'''Bɛ dɔɣi o:''' April dabaa pinaanu, 1896  '''Be:''' Great Barrington, Massachusetts, U.S. '''O kpi:''' December dabaa yini, 1980 (o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84)  '''Be:''' New York City, New York, U.S. '''O ni daa karim shee:'''  Teachers College, Columbia University (B.S., 1921)  Bellevue Hospital Medical College (M.D., 1926) '''O tuma:''' Dɔɣite '''Bɛ mi o:''' Tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College]] '''May Chinn;''' Dr. May Edward Chinn Bɛ dɔɣi o April bɛgu pinaanu 1896 – O kpi December dabsili yini 1980 Dr. May Edward Chinn daa nyɛla American dɔɣite paɣa. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College, din pa nyɛ NYU School of Medicine, n-ti pahi tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship Harlem Hospital. O ni daa yo o maŋa dɔɣite shee, o daa lihiri black nima ban bi tooi nya lihibu white nima hospital. O lahi daa nyɛla tuhira pam ni bɛ baŋ cancer piligu. === Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu === Bɛ daa dɔɣi Chinn April dabaa pinaanu 1896, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, ka bɛ zooi o New York City. O ba, William Lafayette Chinn, bɛ daa dɔɣi o dapaɣa yuuni 1852 Manassas, Virginia. O ni daa nyɛ yuun 11, o daa bolgi o maŋa dapaɣatali ni. O ma, Lula Ann Evans, bɛ daa dɔɣo yuuni 1876 Norfolk, Virginia. O nyɛla African American ŋun yi Chickahominy niriba ni, din be Algonquin tribe puuni. Lula Ann Evans daa tumdila yili lihira Charles L. Tiffany, jewelry tumda ŋun be Irvington, New York yili. O ni nya liɣiri, Lula Ann daa mali li ni o tim o bia chaŋ Bordentown Manual and Training Industrial School, boarding school New Jersey. Chinn ni daa nya jaw doro osteomyelitis, o daa labi New York ni bɛ chɛri o. O ni daa be white Tiffany family ni, bɛ daa wuhi o classical music, German ni French. Charles Tiffany ni daa kpi ka bɛ daa yi o yili, Chinn mini o ma daa labi New York City ka o daa labi shikuru ni o lahi tum piano. Di ni daa ka liɣiri ka Chinn naai high school, o daa lahi chaŋ Columbia Teachers College ni o di entrance exam yuuni 1917. Piligu o daa karim music, amaa o daa taɣi o ni karim science domin racism music karim baŋda ni daa niŋ o, ni o ni daa nya sɔɣu o ni sabi science paper. O karim baŋda Jean Broadhurst daa nya o baŋsim bacteriology ni. O ni daa be undergraduate year naai, Chinn daa tum clinical pathology lab ni technician. O daa naai Columbia Teachers College yuuni 1921 ka lahi be lab maa. Amaa o bɔri music maa daa bi kpi - o daa lahi wuhiri bihi piano, ka lahi nyɛ Paul Robeson music tumda yuun 4 1920s ni. Chinn daa be Delta Sigma Theta laɣingu. February 1921, o daa be tuuli paɣaba shɛba bɛ ni piigi Alpha Beta chapter, ni Eslanda Goode Robeson. ===== Dɔɣite karimbu ===== Chinn daa chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma Bellevue Hospital Medical College, ka o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai di yuuni 1926. O ni naai, hospital shɛli bi daa saɣiti ni o tum di ni domin bɛ bi saɣiti black nima hospital residency ni research. Rockefeller Institute daa bɔri ni o tum research fellowship hali ka bɛ daa baŋ ni o nyɛla black. O kulisi ni o yuli zuɣu, niriba pam daa mi o ni o nyɛ white bee Chinese. Harlem Hospital ko daa ti o internship. Chinn daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship di ni, ka lahi chani ambulance ni. Hospital maa daa lahi bi saɣiti ni o tum di ni. O daa yɛli Muriel Petioni ni black tuma nira nima daa bi lihiri o domin bɛ mi o ni o nyɛla white. Di zuɣu Chinn daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee, ka lihiri o patients o office ni n-ti pahi bɛ yili. Di zuɣu o daa labi deei master's degree public health Columbia University yuuni 1933. Yuuni 1940, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia ni daa kpaŋsiri integration nyaaŋa Harlem Riot 1935, Harlem Hospital daa ti Chinn soli ni o admitting privileges. ====== Tuma ====== Yuuni 1944, Strang Clinic daa piigi Chinn ni o tum research cancer polo, ka o daa be di ni yuun 29. Society of Surgical Oncology daa boli o ni o kpe di ni. Yuuni 1975, o daa pili laɣingu ni di kpaŋsi African-American paɣaba ni bɛ chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa tum o private practice hali o ni daa pa yuun 81. O ni daa chaŋ reception Columbia University ni o teei o yɔɣu, Chinn daa gbaagi ka kpi December dabaa yini 1980, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84. == Kundivihira == *# *# Fee, Elizabeth. Changing the face of medicine: Celebrating America's women physicians. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 2004. *# http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/71/May-Edward-Chinn.html#ixzz1InGxY1pQ bsax8m8aw0dnwm4egt424u3q5ncoxdy 145311 145310 2026-07-30T08:42:04Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:May Edward Chinn 1917.jpg|thumb|May chinn;'''Bɛ dɔɣi o:''' April dabaa pinaanu, 1896  '''Be:''' Great Barrington, Massachusetts, U.S. '''O kpi:''' December dabaa yini, 1980 (o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84)  '''Be:''' New York City, New York, U.S. '''O ni daa karim shee:'''  Teachers College, Columbia University (B.S., 1921)  Bellevue Hospital Medical College (M.D., 1926) '''O tuma:''' Dɔɣite '''Bɛ mi o:''' Tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College]] '''May Chinn;''' Dr. May Edward Chinn Bɛ dɔɣi o April bɛgu pinaanu 1896 – O kpi December dabsili yini 1980 Dr. May Edward Chinn daa nyɛla American dɔɣite paɣa. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College, din pa nyɛ NYU School of Medicine, n-ti pahi tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship Harlem Hospital. O ni daa yo o maŋa dɔɣite shee, o daa lihiri black nima ban bi tooi nya lihibu white nima hospital. O lahi daa nyɛla tuhira pam ni bɛ baŋ cancer piligu. === Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu === Bɛ daa dɔɣi Chinn April dabaa pinaanu 1896, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, ka bɛ zooi o New York City. O ba, William Lafayette Chinn, bɛ daa dɔɣi o dapaɣa yuuni 1852 Manassas, Virginia. O ni daa nyɛ yuun 11, o daa bolgi o maŋa dapaɣatali ni. O ma, Lula Ann Evans, bɛ daa dɔɣo yuuni 1876 Norfolk, Virginia. O nyɛla African American ŋun yi Chickahominy niriba ni, din be Algonquin tribe puuni. Lula Ann Evans daa tumdila yili lihira Charles L. Tiffany, jewelry tumda ŋun be Irvington, New York yili. O ni nya liɣiri, Lula Ann daa mali li ni o tim o bia chaŋ Bordentown Manual and Training Industrial School, boarding school New Jersey. Chinn ni daa nya jaw doro osteomyelitis, o daa labi New York ni bɛ chɛri o. O ni daa be white Tiffany family ni, bɛ daa wuhi o classical music, German ni French. Charles Tiffany ni daa kpi ka bɛ daa yi o yili, Chinn mini o ma daa labi New York City ka o daa labi shikuru ni o lahi tum piano. Di ni daa ka liɣiri ka Chinn naai high school, o daa lahi chaŋ Columbia Teachers College ni o di entrance exam yuuni 1917. Piligu o daa karim music, amaa o daa taɣi o ni karim science domin racism music karim baŋda ni daa niŋ o, ni o ni daa nya sɔɣu o ni sabi science paper. O karim baŋda Jean Broadhurst daa nya o baŋsim bacteriology ni. O ni daa be undergraduate year naai, Chinn daa tum clinical pathology lab ni technician. O daa naai Columbia Teachers College yuuni 1921 ka lahi be lab maa. Amaa o bɔri music maa daa bi kpi - o daa lahi wuhiri bihi piano, ka lahi nyɛ Paul Robeson music tumda yuun 4 1920s ni. Chinn daa be Delta Sigma Theta laɣingu. February 1921, o daa be tuuli paɣaba shɛba bɛ ni piigi Alpha Beta chapter, ni Eslanda Goode Robeson. ===== Dɔɣite karimbu ===== Chinn daa chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma Bellevue Hospital Medical College, ka o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai di yuuni 1926. O ni naai, hospital shɛli bi daa saɣiti ni o tum di ni domin bɛ bi saɣiti black nima hospital residency ni research. Rockefeller Institute daa bɔri ni o tum research fellowship hali ka bɛ daa baŋ ni o nyɛla black. O kulisi ni o yuli zuɣu, niriba pam daa mi o ni o nyɛ white bee Chinese. Harlem Hospital ko daa ti o internship. Chinn daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship di ni, ka lahi chani ambulance ni. Hospital maa daa lahi bi saɣiti ni o tum di ni. O daa yɛli Muriel Petioni ni black tuma nira nima daa bi lihiri o domin bɛ mi o ni o nyɛla white. Di zuɣu Chinn daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee, ka lihiri o patients o office ni n-ti pahi bɛ yili. Di zuɣu o daa labi deei master's degree public health Columbia University yuuni 1933. Yuuni 1940, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia ni daa kpaŋsiri integration nyaaŋa Harlem Riot 1935, Harlem Hospital daa ti Chinn soli ni o admitting privileges. ====== Tuma ====== Yuuni 1944, Strang Clinic daa piigi Chinn ni o tum research cancer polo, ka o daa be di ni yuun 29. Society of Surgical Oncology daa boli o ni o kpe di ni. Yuuni 1975, o daa pili laɣingu ni di kpaŋsi African-American paɣaba ni bɛ chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa tum o private practice hali o ni daa pa yuun 81. O ni daa chaŋ reception Columbia University ni o teei o yɔɣu, Chinn daa gbaagi ka kpi December dabaa yini 1980, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84. == Kundivihira == *#Smith, Jessie Carney. (1996). Notable black American women. Gale Research. <nowiki>ISBN 0-8103-9177-5</nowiki>. OCLC 847443615. *# Fee, Elizabeth. Changing the face of medicine: Celebrating America's women physicians. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 2004. *# http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/71/May-Edward-Chinn.html#ixzz1InGxY1pQ j0ydqd82ifxo4tjzsogjewheu1bwyyn 145312 145311 2026-07-30T08:43:49Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:May Edward Chinn 1917.jpg|thumb|May chinn;'''Bɛ dɔɣi o:''' April dabaa pinaanu, 1896  '''Be:''' Great Barrington, Massachusetts, U.S. '''O kpi:''' December dabaa yini, 1980 (o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84)  '''Be:''' New York City, New York, U.S. '''O ni daa karim shee:'''  Teachers College, Columbia University (B.S., 1921)  Bellevue Hospital Medical College (M.D., 1926) '''O tuma:''' Dɔɣite '''Bɛ mi o:''' Tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College]] '''May Chinn;''' Dr. May Edward Chinn Bɛ dɔɣi o April bɛgu pinaanu 1896 – O kpi December dabsili yini 1980 Dr. May Edward Chinn daa nyɛla American dɔɣite paɣa. O daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai Bellevue Hospital Medical College, din pa nyɛ NYU School of Medicine, n-ti pahi tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship Harlem Hospital. O ni daa yo o maŋa dɔɣite shee, o daa lihiri black nima ban bi tooi nya lihibu white nima hospital. O lahi daa nyɛla tuhira pam ni bɛ baŋ cancer piligu. === Piligu biɛhigu ni Karimbu === Bɛ daa dɔɣi Chinn April dabaa pinaanu 1896, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, ka bɛ zooi o New York City. O ba, William Lafayette Chinn, bɛ daa dɔɣi o dapaɣa yuuni 1852 Manassas, Virginia. O ni daa nyɛ yuun 11, o daa bolgi o maŋa dapaɣatali ni. O ma, Lula Ann Evans, bɛ daa dɔɣo yuuni 1876 Norfolk, Virginia. O nyɛla African American ŋun yi Chickahominy niriba ni, din be Algonquin tribe puuni. Lula Ann Evans daa tumdila yili lihira Charles L. Tiffany, jewelry tumda ŋun be Irvington, New York yili. O ni nya liɣiri, Lula Ann daa mali li ni o tim o bia chaŋ Bordentown Manual and Training Industrial School, boarding school New Jersey. Chinn ni daa nya jaw doro osteomyelitis, o daa labi New York ni bɛ chɛri o. O ni daa be white Tiffany family ni, bɛ daa wuhi o classical music, German ni French. Charles Tiffany ni daa kpi ka bɛ daa yi o yili, Chinn mini o ma daa labi New York City ka o daa labi shikuru ni o lahi tum piano. Di ni daa ka liɣiri ka Chinn naai high school, o daa lahi chaŋ Columbia Teachers College ni o di entrance exam yuuni 1917. Piligu o daa karim music, amaa o daa taɣi o ni karim science domin racism music karim baŋda ni daa niŋ o, ni o ni daa nya sɔɣu o ni sabi science paper. O karim baŋda Jean Broadhurst daa nya o baŋsim bacteriology ni. O ni daa be undergraduate year naai, Chinn daa tum clinical pathology lab ni technician. O daa naai Columbia Teachers College yuuni 1921 ka lahi be lab maa. Amaa o bɔri music maa daa bi kpi - o daa lahi wuhiri bihi piano, ka lahi nyɛ Paul Robeson music tumda yuun 4 1920s ni. Chinn daa be Delta Sigma Theta laɣingu. February 1921, o daa be tuuli paɣaba shɛba bɛ ni piigi Alpha Beta chapter, ni Eslanda Goode Robeson. ===== Dɔɣite karimbu ===== Chinn daa chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma Bellevue Hospital Medical College, ka o daa lee tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun naai di yuuni 1926. O ni naai, hospital shɛli bi daa saɣiti ni o tum di ni domin bɛ bi saɣiti black nima hospital residency ni research. Rockefeller Institute daa bɔri ni o tum research fellowship hali ka bɛ daa baŋ ni o nyɛla black. O kulisi ni o yuli zuɣu, niriba pam daa mi o ni o nyɛ white bee Chinese. Harlem Hospital ko daa ti o internship. Chinn daa nyɛla tuuli African-American paɣa so ŋun tum internship di ni, ka lahi chani ambulance ni. Hospital maa daa lahi bi saɣiti ni o tum di ni. O daa yɛli Muriel Petioni ni black tuma nira nima daa bi lihiri o domin bɛ mi o ni o nyɛla white. Di zuɣu Chinn daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee, ka lihiri o patients o office ni n-ti pahi bɛ yili. Di zuɣu o daa labi deei master's degree public health Columbia University yuuni 1933. Yuuni 1940, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia ni daa kpaŋsiri integration nyaaŋa Harlem Riot 1935, Harlem Hospital daa ti Chinn soli ni o admitting privileges. ====== Tuma ====== Yuuni 1944, Strang Clinic daa piigi Chinn ni o tum research cancer polo, ka o daa be di ni yuun 29. Society of Surgical Oncology daa boli o ni o kpe di ni. Yuuni 1975, o daa pili laɣingu ni di kpaŋsi African-American paɣaba ni bɛ chaŋ karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa tum o private practice hali o ni daa pa yuun 81. O ni daa chaŋ reception Columbia University ni o teei o yɔɣu, Chinn daa gbaagi ka kpi December dabaa yini 1980, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 84. == Kundivihira == *#Smith, Jessie Carney. (1996). Notable black American women. Gale Research. <nowiki>ISBN 0-8103-9177-5</nowiki>. OCLC 847443615. *# Fee, Elizabeth. Changing the face of medicine: Celebrating America's women physicians. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 2004. *# http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/71/May-Edward-Chinn.html#ixzz1InGxY1pQ *# Ware, Susan, and Stacy Lorraine Braukman, eds. Notable American Women: Completing the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2004. Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000 Database. Web. bqde3h1113d3yt95hucegjw94vkumhx 0 33645 145256 144735 2026-07-29T14:02:41Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha .jpg|thumb|Dr. Mona Hanna Attisha]] == '''Dr. Mona Hanna''' ; == Bɛ dɔɣi o December dabaa awɔi 1976, Sheffield, England   O daa na mi o yuli: Mona Hanna-Attisha Dr. Mona Hanna nyɛla bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni salo lahiʒibu tuhira. O research daa wuhiya Flint kom doro maa. January 2024, o daa pili tiŋa zaa "prenatal ni bia cash prescription" program din tuuli US - o boli li *Rx Kids. O lahi sabi buku yuuni 2018 ka boli li What the Eyes Don't See. The New York Times daa piigi li yuun maa buku 100 din be tooni ni. === '''Piligu biɛhigu;''' === Bɛ daa dɔɣi Mona Hanna Sheffield, England. O ba mini o ma nyɛla Iraqi scientists ban daa bolgi Baath gomnanti saha. O daa zooi Royal Oak, Michigan ka naai Kimball High School. Karimbu O daa deei Bachelor of Science University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability. O daa lahi deei Master of Public Health Management and Policy University of Michigan School of Public Health. O daa lahi deei medical degree Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. O daa naai o residency ni chief residency Wayne State University / Children's Hospital of Michigan. ===== '''Tuma'''; ===== Yuuni 2009, Hanna daa tum associate pediatric program director Children's Hospital of Michigan. O daa wuhiri residents 100+, ka pili karimbu, ni online karimbu. Yuuni 2011, bɛ daa piigi o director Hurley Medical Center pediatric residency program. O daa lahi wuhi faculty ni "master clinical teacher series". Yuuni 2012, bɛ daa piigi o Michigan Board of Directors American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Yuuni 2013, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder daa piigi o Public Health Code Advisory Committee ni bɛ ti lihi Michigan Public Health Code. Yuuni 2015, Hanna daa chɛ ka Hurley Children's Clinic labi Flint Farmers' Market zuɣu domin dɔɣite nima ni tooi yɛli o bɔra ni bɛ di binbindira din mali vitamins. O peers daa ti o Michigan State University's William B. Weil, Jr., MD Endowed Distinguished Pediatric Faculty Award domin o tuma nabiɛla. ====== Flint Kom Doro ====== Late 2015, o zɔɣu Elin Betanzo daa yɛli o ni Flint kom puuni ka treatment ka, ka lead tooi be di ni. Engineer Marc Edwards mi daa nya ni corrosion inhibitors ka ka di che ka lead kpɛ kom ni. Hanna daa pili research ni electronic medical records data. O daa nya ni bihi ban mali lead pam 5 micrograms blood ni daa yi 2.1% kpaŋ chaŋ 4% saha shɛli bɛ ni taɣi Flint kom Lake Huron ni ka chaŋ Flint River. Tiŋa yaɣa kom ni lead pam maa, bihi maa lead mi daa kpaŋ pam. Domin di nyɛla salo doro, o daa yɛli salo o nyaaŋa September 24, 2015 press conference ni, ka o research na bi peer-review. Nandoya Flint daa yɛli ni niriba, taba bihi, chɛ Flint tap kom. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality daa wuɣi o ka boli o "unfortunate researcher". Amaa dabaa 10 nyaaŋa Detroit Free Press daa lahi nya din gba gari o ni nya. Di nyaaŋa Michigan gomnanti daa saɣiti ni o daa yɛli tiɛhi. Bɛ daa lahi pahi o Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee ni Michigan Child Lead Poisoning Elimination Board. January 14, 2016, Michigan State University ni Hurley Children's Hospital daa yɛli ni Hanna kpɛm "Pediatric Public Health Initiative" ni bɛ sɔŋ Flint bihi ban nya lead. Governor Snyder daa lahi teei o ni Edwards January 19, 2016. Community Foundation of Greater Flint mi daa pili "Flint Child Health and Development Fund" - yuun yini ni bɛ daa laɣim liɣiri 17 million dollars. O research daa bahi American Journal of Public Health February 2016. O daa lahi yɛli US House of Representatives April 2016 ni bɛ sɔŋ Flint. July 2016, CDC daa lahi saɣiti o nyaaŋa. Di zuɣu federal gomnanti daa ti Flint 100 million dollars, state mi 250 million dollars. January 2017, Hanna daa nya grant ni o pili "Flint Registry" - program din lihiri Flint kom doro niriba yuun kpee. March 2017, Governor daa piigi o vice-chair Child Lead Exposure Elimination Commission. ====== Buku ====== Yuuni 2018, o buku What the Eyes Don't See daa bahi Random House. Bɛ daa yɛli ni di nyɛla "Grisham thriller" bɛhigu. New York Times daa piigi li 100 Notable Books 2018, n-ti pahi NPR Science Friday "Best Science Book 2018". O daa bo liɣiri shɛli ni o ti Flint Child Health and Development Fund. Hollywood mi daa ti o soli ni bɛ zaŋ li n-lee movie. Yuuni 2019, Michigan daa lahi piigi li "Michigan Notable Book". Shikuru nima pam Michigan, Rhode Island, Maryland daa lahi zaŋ li n-ti karim.; February 2020 Hanna daa chaŋ yɛli U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment and Climate Change ni EPA's Lead and Copper Rule taɣibu maa nyɛla "din nyɛ bɔbigu ka bi galisi". O daa yɛli ni "di bi saɣi di tuuli doro maa, ka di bi che ka bɛ nya salo doro din be ti kom ni namin."[68] July 2020 Bɛ daa piigi Hanna C.S. Mott Endowed Professor of Public Health Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Bɛ daa lahi piigi o ni o ni Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer kpɛm "Protect Michigan Commission".[69][70] April 2021 Hanna daa lahi chaŋ yɛli U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Ways and Means ni bɛ sɔŋ tiŋgbani maa kom tuunsi, ni bɛ niŋ maani ni bɛ yi lead pipes ni.[71][72] February 2022 O daa lahi yɛli Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures ni "ti kom tuunsi nyɛla salo doro" ka yɛli ni Infrastructure Investment and Job Act sɔŋbu galisi ni bɛ yi lead pipes ni.[73][74] March 2023 Bɛ daa piigi Hanna Associate Dean for Public Health Michigan State University College of Human Medicine.[75] Rx Kids Program - Liɣiri Sɔŋsim Bihi mini Ma April 2023 Charles Stewart Mott Foundation daa ti liɣiri sɔŋ Hanna ni o kpɛm Rx Kids - US puuni tuuli tiŋa zaa program din bɔri ni di chɛ biɛhigu tuhi ka che doro. Di nyɛla ni bɛ ti ma ban be puu ni ni bihi liɣiri ka bi bɔri ni bɛ labi.[76] Bɛ daa pili Rx Kids domin research wuhi ni yili ni liɣiri soŋdi paa ka bihi dɔɣim naai, ka biɛhigu tuhi kpaŋ chaŋ yuun yini puuni. Bɛ daa nya sɔɣu Child Tax Credit 2021 ni daa chɛ ka bihi biɛhigu tuhi gbai hali. Dr. Hanna mi daa yɛli ni "biɛhigu tuhi chɛbu nyɛla dɔɣite tuma".[77][78][79][80][81] Di ni tumdi shɛm: Ma ni be puu ni: $1,500 cash Bia ni dɔɣi hali ni yuun yini: $500 yuuni kam Di niya nyɛla ni di chɛ biɛhigu tuhi, n-ti pahi ni ma mini bia nya lahiʒibu.[81] August 2024 Rx Kids daa yɛli ni Kalamazoo lee o tuuli tiŋa din pahi. Bɛ daa mi ni yuuni kam di tooi sɔŋ bihi 800. Bɛ daa pili niŋdi yuli February 1, 2025.[82][83] 2025 Hanna daa kpaŋsi Rx Kids chaŋ Michigan yaɣa pam: Upper Peninsula, Detroit, ni Lansing yaɣa.[84][85][86][87][88][89] June 2025 Rx Kids daa yɛli ni bɛ daa ti Michigan yili nima liɣiri gari $10 million. July 2025 data wuhi ni: Kom di bɔra kpaŋa Yili tuhi gbaai gbai Bihi dɔɣim piligu ni doro gbaai gbai[90][91] October 2025 Michigan gomnanti daa ti liɣiri $270 million ni bɛ kpaŋsi program maa tiŋgbani zaa yuun 3 puuni. Bɛ daa mi ni di tooi pa bihi 100,000.[92][93] January - May 2026 Rx Kids daa lahi kpaŋ chaŋ Michigan yaɣa pam. Detroit daa lee tiŋa din galisi - yuuni kam o sɔŋdi bihi 8,000. Bɛ daa lahi kpe Upper Peninsula, Montmorency County, Mount Clemens, ni Center Line. Di nyaaŋa program maa daa pa tiŋsi 60+, ka yuuni kam o sɔŋdi bihi 23,000.[94][95][96][97][98] Bɛ ni nya shɛli: Bɛ daa nya ni bihi dɔɣim piligu gbaai, bia niɣisi gbaai, ni NICU kpibu gbaai. Yili ni liɣiri lihibu mi kpaŋa, ka bihi yɛligu doro gbaai. Liɣiri mi lahi wolgi tiŋsi ni daa.[99][100] == Kundivihira; == oebqz65lf0wcoz6lrq6yqy8qzoj1tpy 0 33647 145266 144756 2026-07-29T16:34:54Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o July dabaa ayɔbu 1929 – O kpi December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu 2001 Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] July 7, 2018, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == ebyvhpgq1iwf4ufu6vcy8wixglhz25d 145267 145266 2026-07-29T16:36:13Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 /* Kundivihira; */ added information 145267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o July dabaa ayɔbu 1929 – O kpi December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu 2001 Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] July 7, 2018, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447119/pdf/0920566.pdf g8zqtdluh7jeu2m5cu2yqa1d6kc2hj8 145268 145267 2026-07-29T16:36:52Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 /* Kundivihira; */ added information 145268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o July dabaa ayɔbu 1929 – O kpi December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu 2001 Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] July 7, 2018, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447119/pdf/0920566.pdf # https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_273.html 2jbqlm5rcn3c28y179v791s5o8s2pv1 145269 145268 2026-07-29T16:37:47Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 /* Kundivihira; */ added information 145269 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o July dabaa ayɔbu 1929 – O kpi December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu 2001 Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] July 7, 2018, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447119/pdf/0920566.pdf # https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_273.html # https://doodles.google/doodle/helen-rodriguez-trias-89th-birthday/ rwsxekxstmqpcvw4bxhzox4ll0ygzoc 145272 145269 2026-07-29T20:39:33Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o la siliminn-goli July dabaa ayɔbu dali, yuuni 1929 – O kpi December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu 2001 Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] July 7, 2018, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447119/pdf/0920566.pdf # https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_273.html # https://doodles.google/doodle/helen-rodriguez-trias-89th-birthday/ kzldejph51q7dkb291igec5wrxm4ceg 145273 145272 2026-07-29T20:40:44Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o la siliminn-goli July dabaa ayɔbu dali, yuuni 1929 – O kpi silimiin- goli December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu dali, yuuni 2001 ni Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] July 7, 2018, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447119/pdf/0920566.pdf # https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_273.html # https://doodles.google/doodle/helen-rodriguez-trias-89th-birthday/ 3wyrime58i7h0m4shq7cfhek6z75lwv 145274 145273 2026-07-29T20:42:08Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG|thumb|Helen Rodriguez ]] Helen Rodriguez Trias; === Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías === Bɛ dɔɣi o la siliminn-goli July dabaa ayɔbu dali, yuuni 1929 – O kpi silimiin- goli December bɛgu pishi ni ayɔbu dali, yuuni 2001 ni Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías nyɛla American bihi dɔɣite, karim baŋda, ni paɣaba zaɣisi tuma nira. O daa nyɛla tuuli Latina so ŋun lee American Public Health Association (APHA) kpɛma. O lahi nyɛla ŋun pili APHA Women's Caucus, ka lahi deei Presidential Citizens Medal. Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba mini bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba tiŋgbani zaa. ==== Piligu biɛhigu ==== <nowiki>*</nowiki>Rodríguez Trías ba mini o ma daa be New York 20th century piligu. O ni daa dɔɣi o July dabaa awɔi 1929, o family daa labi Puerto Rico. O ni daa pa yuun 10, bɛ daa labi New York. Di ni, o daa nya racism ni lihibu din bi galisi. O ni daa nya karimbu kpɛma ni o mi English, bɛ daa lahi pahi o bihi ban mali karimbu doro class. Hali ka o daa chaŋ poem karibu ni, o karim baŋda daa nya ni o baŋsim galisi ka tim o gifted bihi class. O daa piigi dɔɣite tuma domin o daa yɛli ni "di laɣim n bɔri bini pam, science ni niriba."[1][2][3] ====== Karimbu ====== Yuuni 1948, o daa pili o karimbu University of Puerto Rico, San Juan ka naai o BA. Yuuni 1957 o daa kpe University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. O daa naai o medical degree yuuni 1960, o ni daa nyɛ yuun 31.[2][4] Puerto Rican independence tuhira Rodríguez Trías ma daa nyɛla karim baŋda Puerto Rico. Amaa New York, bɛ daa bi saɣiti ni o deei teacher's license. Di zuɣu o ma daa deei o yili ni o deei liɣiri ni o pa rent.[3] O ni daa naai high school, o daa bɔri ni o karim dɔɣite tuma. O daa mi ni o chance galisi Puerto Rico domin di mali scholarship galisi. <nowiki>*</nowiki>University of Puerto Rico daa mali independence tuhili kpaŋ. Rodríguez Trías daa kpe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party student yaɣili. Saha shɛli Nationalist kpɛma Don Pedro Albizu Campos ni daa bo ni o yɛli yɛltɔɣa, university chancellor Jaime Rexach Benítez daa yɛli ni o ku kpe campus. Di zuɣu bihi daa strike, Rodríguez Trías mi daa be di ni. O yabihi daa bi saɣiti li. O ni daa dɛri ni o ti chɛ o karimbu liɣiri, o daa labi New York.[3] Yuuni 1949, o daa kuli ka dɔɣi bihi ata ni David Neumark Brainin. Di nyaaŋa o daa labi Puerto Rico ni o naai o karimbu. O ni daa labi University of Puerto Rico, o daa labi kpe bihi tuhira ni zaŋ n-ti yɛltɔɣa soli ni Puerto Rican independence. ====== Doɣite Tuma ====== '''O ni daa be residency University Hospital, San Juan, o daa pili tuuli center din lihiri bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o. Hospital maa ni bihi ŋun kpi dɔɣim nyaaŋa daa gbaai gbai 50% yuun 3 puuni.''' O ni daa naai o residency, o daa pili o maŋa dɔɣite shee bihi dɔɣite tuma puuni island maa. Saha maa ni o daa lahi che o yidaana ayi ni, Eliezer Curet. Yuuni 1970 o daa labi New York. O daa yɛli ni o kuli mini o che maa daa sɔŋ o ni o kpaŋ o maŋa.[3][4] ====== Paɣaba zaɣisi tuhira ====== '''Rodríguez Trías daa kpɛm pediatrics department Lincoln Hospital, South Bronx. Lincoln Hospital, Rodríguez Trías daa tuhiri ni bɛ ti tumtumda zaa soli ni bɛ yɛli bɛ yɛla hospital lihibu ni administrative tuma polo. O daa lahi kpe Puerto Rican niriba puuni, ka kpaŋsi hospital dɔɣite nima ni bɛ baŋ tiŋa maa alizama ni bɛ bɔhigu.''' Rodríguez Trías lahi daa nyɛla associate professor of medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Di nyaaŋa o daa lahi wuhi Columbia ni Fordham universities.[5] Rodríguez Trías zaɣisi tuhili daa pili saha shɛli o ni daa chaŋ abortion yɛltɔɣa Bernard College. O daa pili ni o yɛli ni bɛ ti paɣaba ban biɛhigu tuhi abortion din ka liɣiri, ni bɛ niŋ birth control galisi.[6] <nowiki>*</nowiki>O ni daa be Puerto Rico, o daa baŋ ni America daa mali sterilization campaign din be din. 1960s ni 1970s, bɛ daa pili program pam America, ka bɛ daa lihiri paɣaba ban nyɛ bikpeeni (African Americans/Latinas) ni bɛ ti bɛ sterilization ka bi bohi ba. Dɔɣite nima daa zaŋdi bihi dɔɣibu nyaaŋa niŋdi paɣaba fallopian tubes ka bi yɛli ba shɛli.[6][7] America mi daa zaŋ Puerto Rico n-lee laboratory ni bɛ daa mɛrila birth control technology.[5] Yuuni 1970, o daa nyɛla ŋun pili Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Yuuni 1971, o daa lahi pili Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association. O daa sɔŋ abortion zaɣisi, ka tuhiri ni bɛ chɛ forced sterilization, ka bɔra ni bɛ ti bihi ŋun naa dɔɣi o care paɣaba ban be biɛhigu tuhi ni. Yuuni 1979, o daa pili Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse. O daa lahi chaŋ yɛli Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ni bɛ saɣi federal sterilization guidelines. O daa yɛli Boston yɛltɔɣa 1974 ni: "Ti daa mali panel zaŋ n-ti sterilization abuse, din daa jɛndi ni bɛ bi lihiri paɣaba bɔhigu, bɛ bɔri shɛli, ni bɛ niŋgban. Ti daa yɛli Relf suit maa, bɛ ni daa zaŋ li n-ti bikpɛn paɣaba ayi, Minnie Lee Relf yuun 12, ni Mary Alice Relf yuun 14, ban daa sterilize ba ka bi mi, ka bi saɣiti, federal program puuni Montgomery, Alabama."[1] Guidelines din o sabi daa bɔri ni paɣa ni saɣi o ni o nuu ni, ni yɛltɔɣa o mi, ka bɛ chɛ wɔɣu saha din daa bi sterilization ni. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Bɛ mi o ni o sɔŋ ka bɛ kpaŋsi public health tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ni bihi minority ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, ni Middle East.[5] ====== O Tuma Zaŋ n-ti Doro ====== 1980s, Rodríguez Trías daa tum New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute medical director. O daa tumdi bikpeeni paɣaba ban nya HIV zuɣu. 1990s, o daa nyɛ Pacific Institute for Women's Health health co-director. Di nyɛla laɣingu din bɔri ni di kpaŋsi paɣaba lahiʒibu tiŋgbani zaa, ka lihiri dɔɣibu yaɣa. O daa nyɛla ŋun pili Women's Caucus mini Hispanic Caucus of APHA, ka daa lahi nyɛ tuuli Latina so ŋun lee APHA kpɛma.[2][5] ====== O Naabu Yuma ====== Rodríguez Trías daa yɛli ni o tuuli kpɛma nyɛla o ma, o pizaa, ni o sɔɣa, "ban daa nya dɔri pam bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpaŋ ba maŋa". O karim baŋda Dr. Jose Sifontes, ŋun daa nyɛ pediatric tuberculosis pioneer, mi daa lahi kpɛm o. O daa wuhiya ni tiŋa puuni shɛli din be ni ni tooi taɣi tiŋa maa lahiʒibu.[8] January 8, 2001, President Bill Clinton daa ti Rodríguez Trías Presidential Citizen's Medal - America civilian award din pahiri ayi. Di nyɛla domin o tuma zaŋ n-ti paɣaba, bihi, HIV/AIDS niriba, ni biɛhigu tuhi niriba.[2][5][9] Rodriguez Trias daa kpi yuun maa ni, December 27, lung cancer zuɣu.[10] Silimiin-goli July dabaayɔpoin dali, yuuni 2018 ni, din daa nyɛ o dɔɣim dabisili yuun 89, Google daa zaŋ o n-lee Google Doodle America, Puerto Rico, ni Singapore.[11] Yuuni 2019, Chirlane McCray daa yɛli ni New York City yɛn mɛ o statue St. Mary's Park, Lincoln Hospital bɔbigu, Bronx. [12] ====== O ni chɛli nyaaŋa ====== "Ti bɔra lahiʒibu, amaa ti bɔra ni ti pili lahiʒibu policy din saɣi ka chɛ tiŋgbani ni biɛhigu bi laɣim. Ti ku tooi nya ti lahiʒibu ka ti ku nya healthcare system din laɣim, ka di nyaaŋa tiŋgbani din laɣim."[1] == Kundivihira; == # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447119/pdf/0920566.pdf # https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_273.html # https://doodles.google/doodle/helen-rodriguez-trias-89th-birthday/ hcqedlcyvek8rdpq587x2yf3o30aji1 0 33648 145313 145209 2026-07-30T08:45:54Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elinor Catherine Hamlin'''(nee Nicholson; January 24, 1924 – March 18, 2020) nyɛla Australian bia dɔɣibu dɔɣite ni paɣaba dɔɣite. O mini o yidaana, New Zealander Reginald Hamlin, bɛ zaa daa pili Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital - tiŋgbani zaa hospital din yɛn lihiri paɣaba ban mali childbirth injury ka ti ba free surgery. Bɛ lahi daa pili laɣingu din ka paashee, Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia.[1] United Nations agency UNFPA daa mi Hamlin ni o nyɛ tuuli fistula surgery niŋda domin o daa mali yaɣa paɣaba ban mali obstetric fistula. Hamlin nima mini hospital tumtumda daa ti paɣaba gari 60,000 obstetric fistula tuma. O daa kpi Addis Ababa March 18, 2020.[2][3] == O daŋ mini shikuru bohimbu == Elinor Catherine Nicholson daa zo Sydney suburb Ryde, "The Hermitage". O nyɛla o ba Elinor mini Theodore Nicholson bihi ayɔbu ni yino. O daa chaŋ Frensham School, Mittagong, ka naai o chaŋ University of Sydney ka naai medical school yuuni 1946. O ni daa naai internship St Joseph's Hospital, Auburn NSW, ni St George's Hospital, Kogarah, o daa lee Crown Street Women's Hospital bia dɔɣibu resident.[4][5] Yuuni 1950, o daa kuli New Zealander Reginald Hamlin QSO OBE, ŋun daa nyɛ dɔɣite ni Crown Street medical superintendent.[4] == Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital == Yuuni 1958, Hamlin nima daa nya Ethiopian gomnanti advert The Lancet medical journal ni bɛ bɔra obstetrician ni gynaecologist ni o pili midwifery school Princess Tsehai Hospital, Addis Ababa. Hospital maa nyɛla emperor ni daa mɛ li o bia ni o bia ka bɛ kpi dɔɣim zuɣu. Bɛ daa garim yuuni 1959 ni bɛ bia Richard ŋun daa nyɛ yuun 6.[5][6] Saha maa Australia ni America obstetric fistula daa lee "academic rarity". Amaa bɛ ni daa nya paɣaba pam ni o na, bɛ daa mi ni bɛ mɛ hospital din lihiri li ko. Yuuni 1974, bɛ daa pili Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital - tiŋgbani zaa tuuli modern fistula hospital.[7][8] 2003 ni 2010 sunsuuni, Catherine Hamlin daa lahi pili fistula treatment shee bunahi Ethiopia yaɣa din be ka chɛ. Di nyɛla domin yaɣa maa puuni fistula galisi domin bɛ bi nya prenatal care. Shee anahi maa be Bahir Dar, Mekele, Yirgalem, Harar, ni Mettu. Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital ni Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia shee anahi maa daa ti paɣaba gari 60,000.[2][9] Hamlin daa be o cottage hospital maa yili puuni, ka daa lahi tumdi hospital tuma ni paɣaba lihibu hali ni o kpibu 2020. Reg Hamlin mi daa tumdi hospital tuma, ka be board of trustees hali ni o kpibu 1993.[8] == Fistula chɛbu ni labi dabiɛm program == Hamlin daa pili program Ethiopia zaa ni bɛ chɛ obstetric fistula. O daa yɛli ni midwifery nyɛla din kpaŋsi ni fistula ku niŋ. O daa yɛli ni "di yi niŋ ka bɛ pahi midwife baŋda yili kam, fistula ni gbaai gbai".*[10] Yuuni 2007 o daa pili Hamlin College of Midwives. Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia deeri bihi miri tiŋsi ni, ka ti ba scholarship yuun 4 ni bɛ naai Bachelor of Science (Midwifery). Bɛ ni naai, bɛ labi bɛ tiŋsi ni bɛ tum tuma. November 2019 hali, midwives 170 naai; 92 na be karimbu ni. *Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia mini Ethiopian gomnanti tumda ni bɛ ti resources ni midwives 80 government midwifery clinics Ethiopia yaɣa.[11] O ni daa bɔri ni o lih paɣa zaa, o daa lahi mɛ rehabilitation centre 2002. Bɛ boli li Desta Mender - Amharic ni di gbunni nyɛ "Joy Village". Ethiopian gomnanti daa ti li tiŋa. Di be Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital bɔbigu km 10. Desta Mender mali yili 10 zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ban mali doro katiŋa ka bɛ na bɔri lihibu. Centre maa puuni paɣaba karim karimbu, kalinli, yɛltɔɣa sɔŋsim, *ni tuma baŋsim.*[12][13][14] == Kundivihira == https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Globe_current.svg * Hamlin, Catherine; Little, John (2016). The hospital by the river (2nd ed.). Sydney, Australia: Pan Macmillan Australia Pty Ltd. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-74353-781-7</nowiki>. i2o1zlze98jt6fwv15oxkue1onj9jlk 145314 145313 2026-07-30T08:47:15Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elinor Catherine Hamlin'''(nee Nicholson; January 24, 1924 – March 18, 2020) nyɛla Australian bia dɔɣibu dɔɣite ni paɣaba dɔɣite. O mini o yidaana, New Zealander Reginald Hamlin, bɛ zaa daa pili Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital - tiŋgbani zaa hospital din yɛn lihiri paɣaba ban mali childbirth injury ka ti ba free surgery. Bɛ lahi daa pili laɣingu din ka paashee, Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia.[1] United Nations agency UNFPA daa mi Hamlin ni o nyɛ tuuli fistula surgery niŋda domin o daa mali yaɣa paɣaba ban mali obstetric fistula. Hamlin nima mini hospital tumtumda daa ti paɣaba gari 60,000 obstetric fistula tuma. O daa kpi Addis Ababa March 18, 2020.[2][3] == O daŋ mini shikuru bohimbu == Elinor Catherine Nicholson daa zo Sydney suburb Ryde, "The Hermitage". O nyɛla o ba Elinor mini Theodore Nicholson bihi ayɔbu ni yino. O daa chaŋ Frensham School, Mittagong, ka naai o chaŋ University of Sydney ka naai medical school yuuni 1946. O ni daa naai internship St Joseph's Hospital, Auburn NSW, ni St George's Hospital, Kogarah, o daa lee Crown Street Women's Hospital bia dɔɣibu resident.[4][5] Yuuni 1950, o daa kuli New Zealander Reginald Hamlin QSO OBE, ŋun daa nyɛ dɔɣite ni Crown Street medical superintendent.[4] == Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital == Yuuni 1958, Hamlin nima daa nya Ethiopian gomnanti advert The Lancet medical journal ni bɛ bɔra obstetrician ni gynaecologist ni o pili midwifery school Princess Tsehai Hospital, Addis Ababa. Hospital maa nyɛla emperor ni daa mɛ li o bia ni o bia ka bɛ kpi dɔɣim zuɣu. Bɛ daa garim yuuni 1959 ni bɛ bia Richard ŋun daa nyɛ yuun 6.[5][6] Saha maa Australia ni America obstetric fistula daa lee "academic rarity". Amaa bɛ ni daa nya paɣaba pam ni o na, bɛ daa mi ni bɛ mɛ hospital din lihiri li ko. Yuuni 1974, bɛ daa pili Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital - tiŋgbani zaa tuuli modern fistula hospital.[7][8] 2003 ni 2010 sunsuuni, Catherine Hamlin daa lahi pili fistula treatment shee bunahi Ethiopia yaɣa din be ka chɛ. Di nyɛla domin yaɣa maa puuni fistula galisi domin bɛ bi nya prenatal care. Shee anahi maa be Bahir Dar, Mekele, Yirgalem, Harar, ni Mettu. Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital ni Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia shee anahi maa daa ti paɣaba gari 60,000.[2][9] Hamlin daa be o cottage hospital maa yili puuni, ka daa lahi tumdi hospital tuma ni paɣaba lihibu hali ni o kpibu 2020. Reg Hamlin mi daa tumdi hospital tuma, ka be board of trustees hali ni o kpibu 1993.[8] == Fistula chɛbu ni labi dabiɛm program == Hamlin daa pili program Ethiopia zaa ni bɛ chɛ obstetric fistula. O daa yɛli ni midwifery nyɛla din kpaŋsi ni fistula ku niŋ. O daa yɛli ni "di yi niŋ ka bɛ pahi midwife baŋda yili kam, fistula ni gbaai gbai".*[10] Yuuni 2007 o daa pili Hamlin College of Midwives. Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia deeri bihi miri tiŋsi ni, ka ti ba scholarship yuun 4 ni bɛ naai Bachelor of Science (Midwifery). Bɛ ni naai, bɛ labi bɛ tiŋsi ni bɛ tum tuma. November 2019 hali, midwives 170 naai; 92 na be karimbu ni. *Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia mini Ethiopian gomnanti tumda ni bɛ ti resources ni midwives 80 government midwifery clinics Ethiopia yaɣa.[11] O ni daa bɔri ni o lih paɣa zaa, o daa lahi mɛ rehabilitation centre 2002. Bɛ boli li Desta Mender - Amharic ni di gbunni nyɛ "Joy Village". Ethiopian gomnanti daa ti li tiŋa. Di be Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital bɔbigu km 10. Desta Mender mali yili 10 zaŋ n-ti paɣaba ban mali doro katiŋa ka bɛ na bɔri lihibu. Centre maa puuni paɣaba karim karimbu, kalinli, yɛltɔɣa sɔŋsim, *ni tuma baŋsim.*[12][13][14] == Kundivihira == https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Globe_current.svg * Hamlin, Catherine; Little, John (2016). The hospital by the river (2nd ed.). Sydney, Australia: Pan Macmillan Australia Pty Ltd. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-74353-781-7</nowiki>. * Awards and Culture Branch, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (26 January 1983). "Its an Honour". itsanhonour.gov.au. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2010 0ja24m157yhygexbvdpxcz55hkhlevx 0 33656 145257 145225 2026-07-29T14:03:57Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Margaret Hamilton 1966.jpg|thumb|Margaret]] Margaret Chan nyɛla China mini Canada bilchina ka bɛ dɔɣi o silimin goli August biɛɣu pishi ni yini, yuuni 1947. O nyɛla ʒɛmana alaafee baŋda mini siyaasa nira. O nyɛla dooyili lana ŋun yidana yuli booni David Chan ŋun nye nina dokte. == '''O Pilli mini Shikuru''' == Margaret Chan nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so ka lahi wumsi o Hong Kong. O yaan nim' yila Shunde Guangdong. Margaret Chan nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ Northecote college of Education nti Karim ka deei degree din jɛndi Home Economics. O daa Lani chaŋ University of Western Ontario din be Canada la nti karim alaafee bomma baŋsim shɛli ti ni booni Doctor of Medicine yuuni 1977. O daa lahi chaŋ National University Of Singapore nti Karim Masters din jɛndi salo alaafee ti ni mi shɛli Public Health yuuni 1985. == '''Tuma''' == Margaret Chan ni daa yɛn pili tuma o daa pilimi ni dokte tuma yuuni 1978 silimin goli December  Hong Kong dundoŋ ni. Di yuun' pia ni yini nyaanga, silimin goli November yuuni 1989, ka o daa nye kpamli n-lɛbi kpeen paa zaŋti Hong Kong yaɣili. Yuuni 1994, silimin goli June ni Margaret Chan daa lɛbi Hong Kong paɣ' tuuli bɛ ni pii so ni o lɛbi kpɛma nti bɛ alaafee yaɣili ( department of Health). Margaret Chan ni daa nye Hong Kong alaafee yaɣili kpema daa chaŋ viɛnyala amaa doriti ayi ndaa nahim bɛ tiŋgbani maa ka daa bii o zuɣu pam. Tuuli maa n-nye doro daa kana ka di yuli booni Influenza. Lala doro daa gbaarila binkobiri nti tabili daadama. Binkobiri kamani noonsi, ni nohi ka lala doro ŋɔ daa gbaara. Di ni daa kana o daa niŋ kam ni o tɔɣisi ti salo maa ka bɛ baŋ doro ni yi shɛli na. O daa moni mi hali nti yɛri ba ni biɛɣu kam ŋun ŋubirila noo nimdi. Doro ŋɔ ni daa chaŋ ka ti labina, bɛ daa galim o pam amaa baŋdiba ni daa niŋ bɛ vihigu, bɛ daa yɛliya ni ka o sani bee o gɛltoɣ' yɛra ndaa che ka doro ŋɔ labina.   Doro din pahi ayi ndaa nye ti ni boli shɛli SARS bee Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lala doro ŋɔ daa kamina yuuni 2002.  Lala doro ŋɔ daa kula niriba paa kobisita yini ka ka di daa che ka niri galim ka feei Margaret Chan pam. Margaret Chan daa lɛbi andunia alaafee laɣingu ( World Health Organization)  zuɣulan' paa. Poi ka o daa naan lɛbi zuɣulan' paa ŋɔ, o daa chala o Hong Kong alaafee yaɣili ( department of health)  zuɣulan' talila ka daa naan yi chaŋ ti doli lala Andunia alaafee laɣingu ( World Health Organization) yuuni 2003. O daa lɛbila zuɣulan' paa nti andunia alaafee laɣingu ( World Health Organization)  yuuni 2005. Margaret Chan daa lɛbi anduniya alaafee laɣingu( World Health Organization)  zuɣulana yuuni 2006 hali ni yuuni 2017. Andunia alaafee laɣingu ( World health organization)  zuɣulana tali nyɛla din diri yuma anu anu ka Margaret Chan dili buyi zuɣu din gbai silimin goli November yuuni 2006 hali ni silimin goli June yuuni 2012 ka bɛ daa naan labi piigi o silimin goli July dahin yini yuuni 2012 hali ni silimin goli June biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017. === O Tuuli Saha - First Term === Margaret Chan ni Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin 2009 February 2007, Chan daa chɛ ka humanitarian ni civil society niriba ni Doctors Without Borders yina ka bɔli o zuɣu. Di sɔŋ o ni daa chaŋ Thailand ka yɛli ni generic medicines maa viɛla ka.[24] 2010, ninsala daa yina ka bɔli Chan ni o "crying wolf" 2009 flu pandemic zuɣu, dama di daa bi galisi ka bɛ ni daa teei shɛm.[25] April 2010 o ni daa chaŋ North Korea, Chan daa yɛli ni kom bɔbu be tiŋgbani maa ni, amma North Korea lafee yaɣili nyɛla tiŋgbana pam ni bori ni bɛ mali shɛm dama doctor nima galisi. O daa lahi yɛli ni buɣim ka bɛ niŋ tiŋgbani maa ni, ka di nyɛla yɛla paa Asia yaɣili shɛŋa ni. Chan yɛltɔɣa maa daa yo ka gari o paɣa Gro Harlem Brundtland so ŋun daa yɛli 2001 ni North Korea lafee yaɣili bɛhi ka di kɔhira. Ninsala pam daa yina ka bɔli o yɛltɔɣa maa, ni Wall Street Journal editorial shɛli ni daa boli di "surreal". Di daa lahi yɛli, _"Ms. Chan either winking at the reality to maintain contact with the North bee o zali o maŋa ka bɛ nyaɣisi o."_[26][27][28] 2011, dama donor tiŋgbana mali laɣiri taɣibu, WHO daa gbarigi o budget $1 billion ka yi tuma 300 headquarters ni Chan sani.[29] O 2nd Saha - Second Term Margaret Chan ni Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff 2016 WHO daa bɔli ni o daa sabi Syria government President Bashar al-Assad zuɣu saha ka polio labi tiŋgbani maa ni 2013 naabu.[30] 2014 ni 2015, bɛ daa lahi bɔli Chan pam dama WHO daa bi yɛri yɛri Ebola virus West Africa ni.[31][32] 2016, WHA ni daa bɔli o, Chan daa pili Health Emergencies Programme. WHO Nyaaŋa 2018, Chan daa kpe Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health ni, group shɛli Michael R. Bloomberg ni Lawrence H. Summers ni daa kpa ka di tooi chɛ ka niriba ku ni noncommunicable diseases laɣiri policy ni. Di yuuni maa, bɛ daa lahi pi o Boao Forum for Asia Council of Advisors.[33][34] December 2021, 2021 Hong Kong legislative election saha, Chan daa yɛli ni election maa ni "patriots" ko ka tooi tum government ni: _"Election system paa maa nyɛla din viɛla Hong Kong, ni o yuma naabu, ni Hong Kong democracy ni yi kpe dabisili dabisili."_[35] August 2022, Nancy Pelosi ni daa chaŋ Taiwan, Chan daa yɛli: _"O nyɛla US government niriba 3rd, Pelosi ni daa chaŋ Taiwan US sooja bɔri puuni nyɛla China yili yɛla kpebu, ka di chɛ ka China suhudoo ni o tiŋgbani gɔli, ka nyɛ one-China yɛltɔɣa taɣibu, ka chɛri Taiwan Strait suhudoo ni Sino-US yɛltɔɣa taɣibu."_[36] == Kundivihira; == i9ixegur3bf6pzcvzr96sgh138yu339 0 33657 145278 145227 2026-07-29T20:54:28Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Dickey''' nyɛla American doctor bɛ doɣi o la siliminn-goli September bɛɣu pia dali, yuuni 1950 ni. O nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei American Medical Association (AMA) zuɣulana yuuni 1997–98. Pɔi ni maa, o daa lahi nyɛla AMA Board of Trustees zuɣulana ni o daa chaŋdi Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs zuɣu. O lahi nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei Texas A&M Health Science Center President yuuni 11.[1][2] == O piligu ni shikuru == Bɛ daa dɔɣim o Clark, South Dakota niŋdi o ba ni ma farm. O ba ni ma yuya nyɛla Ed ni Mary Wilson. O yuun 9, o daŋ daa yi chaŋ Sacramento, California. Yuuni 5 nyaaŋa bɛ daa lahi yi chaŋ Katy, Texas din be Houston sani. O daa deei bachelor's degrees dibaayi - psychology ni sociology ka di yina Stephen F. Austin State University.[3][4] High school counselor daa yɛli o ni "a bi tooi leei doctor ka lahi mali daŋ". Amma o yidana Frank daa yɛli o "go for it" ka sɔŋ o ni o chaŋ medical school. O daa deei o M.D. ka di yina McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, ka daa lahi tiŋgi residency din maa. O nyɛla Family Practice board certified doctor. O maŋmaŋa ni o tɛhi ni o dɔɣim bia 4,000+ o private practice ni. O nyɛla Family Practice Residency of the Brazos Valley tuuli director.[3] == O tuma zuŋɔ == Yuuni shɛŋa naayi, o tuma kpe la "health policy, health care delivery, medical ethics, ni professionalism". O n-daa mɛ AMA's Patient Bill of Rights. O ŋmɛri yɛltɔɣa pam professional ni civic groups ni, ka lahi chaŋ Congress ti yɛli America medical care jɛndi.[5][2] Texas A&M Health Science Center 1999, bɛ daa pi o leei Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center. 2002, bɛ daa pi o leei President ni Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs. O daa be di zuɣu hali ni 2012.[1] O saha, Center maa daa yɛligi pam: Bɛ daa pahi campuses 3 Colleges daa yi 4 chaŋ 6 - bɛ daa pahi College of Pharmacy ni College of Nursing Students daa yi 880 chaŋ 2,000+ - yiɣisi dibaa ayi October 2012, o daa yi o tuma maa, dama Texas A&M University System daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Health Science Center maa nuu ni. 2013-2014, o daa leei Senior Scholar for Association of Academic Health Centers.[5][6] == O Daŋ == O Yili - Family Nancy W. Dickey bɛ daa dɔɣi o 11 September 1950, United States ni. O daa zaŋ o yili ni o yili yɛla nya o maŋa pam. Ninsala tooi baŋ shɛli nyɛla: O mali paɣa bee doo. O ni o yidana mali bidibisi, amma bɛ daa bi bɔri ni bɛ yɛli o yili yɛla pam ninsala. O tuma zaa puuni, o yili daa sɔŋ o medicine, medical education, ni healthcare toondaanitali tuma ni. O daa bɔri ni ninsala yɛli o o tuma viɛnyɛla ka bi bɔri o yili yɛla. ==== Pina Ni Bɛ Ni Te O Shɛm - Awards and Honors; ==== Nancy Dickey nya pina pam o doctor tuma din galisi ni: American Medical Association AMA tuuli paɣa President 1998–1999 - di nyɛla taarihi club maa puuni. Bɛ daa te o ni o toondaanitali viɛnyɛla family medicine ni medical ethics ni. Medical organizations pam daa ti o pina o ni sɔŋ healthcare toondaanitali, medical education, ni patient care zuɣu. Universities ni professional societies daa lahi te o teebu dama o daa yɛri medical tuma tooni. Distinguished service awards shɛŋa organizations ni daa ti o ka bɛ bɔri family medicine ni doctor toondaanitali viɛnyɛla. O Zaɣisi - Legacy Ninsala pam teeri Nancy Dickey ka o nyɛ doctor, karim ba, ni healthcare toondana. O ni daa leei AMA tuuli paɣa President daa kpaŋ paɣaba pam suhigu ka bɛ bɔ toondaanitali medicine ni. O daa lahi tum academic toondaanitali pam, ni Texas A&M Health Science Center, ka o daa sɔŋ medical education ni healthcare policy pam. O zaɣisi nyɛla o ni kpaŋ o maŋa ka sɔŋ patient care, sɔŋ doctor nima, ni yihi paɣaba shee ka bɛ tooi tum medicine tuma. --- O ku o yidana Frank, ka bɛ mali bipuɣinsi ata.[2] == Kundivihira == 8s2htn7vwcfk1xffqcmzqlnu5opkruf 145279 145278 2026-07-29T20:55:24Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 145279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Dickey''' nyɛla American doctor bɛ doɣi o la siliminn-goli September bɛɣu pia dali, yuuni 1950 ni. O nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei American Medical Association (AMA) zuɣulana yuuni 1997 mali hali ni yuuni 1998 ni. Pɔi ni maa, o daa lahi nyɛla AMA Board of Trustees zuɣulana ni o daa chaŋdi Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs zuɣu. O lahi nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei Texas A&M Health Science Center President yuuni 11.[1][2] == O piligu ni shikuru == Bɛ daa dɔɣim o Clark, South Dakota niŋdi o ba ni ma farm. O ba ni ma yuya nyɛla Ed ni Mary Wilson. O yuun 9, o daŋ daa yi chaŋ Sacramento, California. Yuuni 5 nyaaŋa bɛ daa lahi yi chaŋ Katy, Texas din be Houston sani. O daa deei bachelor's degrees dibaayi - psychology ni sociology ka di yina Stephen F. Austin State University.[3][4] High school counselor daa yɛli o ni "a bi tooi leei doctor ka lahi mali daŋ". Amma o yidana Frank daa yɛli o "go for it" ka sɔŋ o ni o chaŋ medical school. O daa deei o M.D. ka di yina McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, ka daa lahi tiŋgi residency din maa. O nyɛla Family Practice board certified doctor. O maŋmaŋa ni o tɛhi ni o dɔɣim bia 4,000+ o private practice ni. O nyɛla Family Practice Residency of the Brazos Valley tuuli director.[3] == O tuma zuŋɔ == Yuuni shɛŋa naayi, o tuma kpe la "health policy, health care delivery, medical ethics, ni professionalism". O n-daa mɛ AMA's Patient Bill of Rights. O ŋmɛri yɛltɔɣa pam professional ni civic groups ni, ka lahi chaŋ Congress ti yɛli America medical care jɛndi.[5][2] Texas A&M Health Science Center 1999, bɛ daa pi o leei Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center. 2002, bɛ daa pi o leei President ni Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs. O daa be di zuɣu hali ni 2012.[1] O saha, Center maa daa yɛligi pam: Bɛ daa pahi campuses 3 Colleges daa yi 4 chaŋ 6 - bɛ daa pahi College of Pharmacy ni College of Nursing Students daa yi 880 chaŋ 2,000+ - yiɣisi dibaa ayi October 2012, o daa yi o tuma maa, dama Texas A&M University System daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Health Science Center maa nuu ni. 2013-2014, o daa leei Senior Scholar for Association of Academic Health Centers.[5][6] == O Daŋ == O Yili - Family Nancy W. Dickey bɛ daa dɔɣi o 11 September 1950, United States ni. O daa zaŋ o yili ni o yili yɛla nya o maŋa pam. Ninsala tooi baŋ shɛli nyɛla: O mali paɣa bee doo. O ni o yidana mali bidibisi, amma bɛ daa bi bɔri ni bɛ yɛli o yili yɛla pam ninsala. O tuma zaa puuni, o yili daa sɔŋ o medicine, medical education, ni healthcare toondaanitali tuma ni. O daa bɔri ni ninsala yɛli o o tuma viɛnyɛla ka bi bɔri o yili yɛla. ==== Pina Ni Bɛ Ni Te O Shɛm - Awards and Honors; ==== Nancy Dickey nya pina pam o doctor tuma din galisi ni: American Medical Association AMA tuuli paɣa President 1998–1999 - di nyɛla taarihi club maa puuni. Bɛ daa te o ni o toondaanitali viɛnyɛla family medicine ni medical ethics ni. Medical organizations pam daa ti o pina o ni sɔŋ healthcare toondaanitali, medical education, ni patient care zuɣu. Universities ni professional societies daa lahi te o teebu dama o daa yɛri medical tuma tooni. Distinguished service awards shɛŋa organizations ni daa ti o ka bɛ bɔri family medicine ni doctor toondaanitali viɛnyɛla. O Zaɣisi - Legacy Ninsala pam teeri Nancy Dickey ka o nyɛ doctor, karim ba, ni healthcare toondana. O ni daa leei AMA tuuli paɣa President daa kpaŋ paɣaba pam suhigu ka bɛ bɔ toondaanitali medicine ni. O daa lahi tum academic toondaanitali pam, ni Texas A&M Health Science Center, ka o daa sɔŋ medical education ni healthcare policy pam. O zaɣisi nyɛla o ni kpaŋ o maŋa ka sɔŋ patient care, sɔŋ doctor nima, ni yihi paɣaba shee ka bɛ tooi tum medicine tuma. --- O ku o yidana Frank, ka bɛ mali bipuɣinsi ata.[2] == Kundivihira == gzbn0yw3c3ffpmybtxl0h6ktfauyjri 145280 145279 2026-07-29T20:56:09Z Mbahayam 8851 Added a text 145280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Dickey''' nyɛla American doctor bɛ doɣi o la siliminn-goli September bɛɣu pia dali, yuuni 1950 ni. O nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei American Medical Association (AMA) zuɣulana yuuni 1997 mali hali ni yuuni 1998 ni. Pɔi ni maa, o daa lahi nyɛla AMA Board of Trustees zuɣulana ni o daa chaŋdi Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs zuɣu. O lahi nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei Texas A&M Health Science Center President yuuni 11.[1][2] == O piligu ni shikuru == Bɛ daa dɔɣim o Clark, South Dakota niŋdi o ba ni ma farm. O ba ni ma yuya nyɛla Ed ni Mary Wilson. O yuun 9, o daŋ daa yi chaŋ Sacramento, California. Yuuni 5 nyaaŋa bɛ daa lahi yi chaŋ Katy, Texas din be Houston sani. O daa deei bachelor's degrees dibaayi - psychology ni sociology ka di yina Stephen F. Austin State University.[3][4] High school counselor daa yɛli o ni "a bi tooi leei doctor ka lahi mali daŋ". Amma o yidana Frank daa yɛli o "go for it" ka sɔŋ o ni o chaŋ medical school. O daa deei o M.D. ka di yina McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, ka daa lahi tiŋgi residency din maa. O nyɛla Family Practice board certified doctor. O maŋmaŋa ni o tɛhi ni o dɔɣim bia 4,000+ o private practice ni. O nyɛla Family Practice Residency of the Brazos Valley tuuli director.[3] == O tuma zuŋɔ == Yuuni shɛŋa naayi, o tuma kpe la "health policy, health care delivery, medical ethics, ni professionalism". O n-daa mɛ AMA's Patient Bill of Rights. O ŋmɛri yɛltɔɣa pam professional ni civic groups ni, ka lahi chaŋ Congress ti yɛli America medical care jɛndi.[5][2] Texas A&M Health Science Center 1999, bɛ daa pi o leei Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center. 2002, bɛ daa pi o leei President ni Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs. O daa be di zuɣu hali ni 2012.[1] O saha, Center maa daa yɛligi pam: Bɛ daa pahi campuses 3 Colleges daa yi 4 chaŋ 6 - bɛ daa pahi College of Pharmacy ni College of Nursing Students daa yi 880 chaŋ 2,000+ - yiɣisi dibaa ayi October 2012, o daa yi o tuma maa, dama Texas A&M University System daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Health Science Center maa nuu ni. 2013-2014, o daa leei Senior Scholar for Association of Academic Health Centers.[5][6] == O Daŋ == O Yili - Family Nancy W. Dickey bɛ daa dɔɣi o 11 September 1950, United States ni. O daa zaŋ o yili ni o yili yɛla nya o maŋa pam. Ninsala tooi baŋ shɛli nyɛla: O mali paɣa bee doo. O ni o yidana mali bidibisi, amma bɛ daa bi bɔri ni bɛ yɛli o yili yɛla pam ninsala. O tuma zaa puuni, o yili daa sɔŋ o medicine, medical education, ni healthcare toondaanitali tuma ni. O daa bɔri ni ninsala yɛli o o tuma viɛnyɛla ka bi bɔri o yili yɛla. ==== Pina Ni Bɛ Ni Te O Shɛm - Awards and Honors; ==== Nancy Dickey nya pina pam o doctor tuma din galisi ni: American Medical Association AMA tuuli paɣa President 1998–1999 - di nyɛla taarihi club maa puuni. Bɛ daa te o ni o toondaanitali viɛnyɛla family medicine ni medical ethics ni. Medical organizations pam daa ti o pina o ni sɔŋ healthcare toondaanitali, medical education, ni patient care zuɣu. Universities ni professional societies daa lahi te o teebu dama o daa yɛri medical tuma tooni. Distinguished service awards shɛŋa organizations ni daa ti o ka bɛ bɔri family medicine ni doctor toondaanitali viɛnyɛla. O Zaɣisi - Legacy Ninsala pam teeri Nancy Dickey ka o nyɛ doctor, karim ba, ni healthcare toondana. O ni daa leei AMA tuuli paɣa President daa kpaŋ paɣaba pam suhigu ka bɛ bɔ toondaanitali medicine ni. O daa lahi tum academic toondaanitali pam, ni Texas A&M Health Science Center, ka o daa sɔŋ medical education ni healthcare policy pam. O zaɣisi nyɛla o ni kpaŋ o maŋa ka sɔŋ patient care, sɔŋ doctor nima, ni yihi paɣaba shee ka bɛ tooi tum medicine tuma. O ku o yidana Frank, ka bɛ mali bipuɣinsi ata.[2] == Kundivihira == 4xuq0dzyaao7i4pramuvdephkrpt01r 145281 145280 2026-07-29T20:56:54Z Mbahayam 8851 Bold Text 145281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Dickey''' nyɛla American doctor bɛ doɣi o la siliminn-goli September bɛɣu pia dali, yuuni 1950 ni. O nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei American Medical Association (AMA) zuɣulana yuuni 1997 mali hali ni yuuni 1998 ni. Pɔi ni maa, o daa lahi nyɛla AMA Board of Trustees zuɣulana ni o daa chaŋdi Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs zuɣu. O lahi nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei Texas A&M Health Science Center President yuuni 11.[1][2] === O piligu ni shikuru === Bɛ daa dɔɣim o Clark, South Dakota niŋdi o ba ni ma farm. O ba ni ma yuya nyɛla Ed ni Mary Wilson. O yuun 9, o daŋ daa yi chaŋ Sacramento, California. Yuuni 5 nyaaŋa bɛ daa lahi yi chaŋ Katy, Texas din be Houston sani. O daa deei bachelor's degrees dibaayi - psychology ni sociology ka di yina Stephen F. Austin State University.[3][4] High school counselor daa yɛli o ni "a bi tooi leei doctor ka lahi mali daŋ". Amma o yidana Frank daa yɛli o "go for it" ka sɔŋ o ni o chaŋ medical school. O daa deei o M.D. ka di yina McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, ka daa lahi tiŋgi residency din maa. O nyɛla Family Practice board certified doctor. O maŋmaŋa ni o tɛhi ni o dɔɣim bia 4,000+ o private practice ni. O nyɛla Family Practice Residency of the Brazos Valley tuuli director.[3] == O tuma zuŋɔ == Yuuni shɛŋa naayi, o tuma kpe la "health policy, health care delivery, medical ethics, ni professionalism". O n-daa mɛ AMA's Patient Bill of Rights. O ŋmɛri yɛltɔɣa pam professional ni civic groups ni, ka lahi chaŋ Congress ti yɛli America medical care jɛndi.[5][2] Texas A&M Health Science Center 1999, bɛ daa pi o leei Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center. 2002, bɛ daa pi o leei President ni Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs. O daa be di zuɣu hali ni 2012.[1] O saha, Center maa daa yɛligi pam: Bɛ daa pahi campuses 3 Colleges daa yi 4 chaŋ 6 - bɛ daa pahi College of Pharmacy ni College of Nursing Students daa yi 880 chaŋ 2,000+ - yiɣisi dibaa ayi October 2012, o daa yi o tuma maa, dama Texas A&M University System daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Health Science Center maa nuu ni. 2013-2014, o daa leei Senior Scholar for Association of Academic Health Centers.[5][6] == O Daŋ == O Yili - Family Nancy W. Dickey bɛ daa dɔɣi o 11 September 1950, United States ni. O daa zaŋ o yili ni o yili yɛla nya o maŋa pam. Ninsala tooi baŋ shɛli nyɛla: O mali paɣa bee doo. O ni o yidana mali bidibisi, amma bɛ daa bi bɔri ni bɛ yɛli o yili yɛla pam ninsala. O tuma zaa puuni, o yili daa sɔŋ o medicine, medical education, ni healthcare toondaanitali tuma ni. O daa bɔri ni ninsala yɛli o o tuma viɛnyɛla ka bi bɔri o yili yɛla. ==== Pina Ni Bɛ Ni Te O Shɛm - Awards and Honors; ==== Nancy Dickey nya pina pam o doctor tuma din galisi ni: American Medical Association AMA tuuli paɣa President 1998–1999 - di nyɛla taarihi club maa puuni. Bɛ daa te o ni o toondaanitali viɛnyɛla family medicine ni medical ethics ni. Medical organizations pam daa ti o pina o ni sɔŋ healthcare toondaanitali, medical education, ni patient care zuɣu. Universities ni professional societies daa lahi te o teebu dama o daa yɛri medical tuma tooni. Distinguished service awards shɛŋa organizations ni daa ti o ka bɛ bɔri family medicine ni doctor toondaanitali viɛnyɛla. O Zaɣisi - Legacy Ninsala pam teeri Nancy Dickey ka o nyɛ doctor, karim ba, ni healthcare toondana. O ni daa leei AMA tuuli paɣa President daa kpaŋ paɣaba pam suhigu ka bɛ bɔ toondaanitali medicine ni. O daa lahi tum academic toondaanitali pam, ni Texas A&M Health Science Center, ka o daa sɔŋ medical education ni healthcare policy pam. O zaɣisi nyɛla o ni kpaŋ o maŋa ka sɔŋ patient care, sɔŋ doctor nima, ni yihi paɣaba shee ka bɛ tooi tum medicine tuma. O ku o yidana Frank, ka bɛ mali bipuɣinsi ata.[2] == Kundivihira == r4n50o1ek1ty7o0k61zrdufez02y756 145282 145281 2026-07-29T20:57:17Z Mbahayam 8851 Bold Text 145282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Dickey''' nyɛla American doctor bɛ doɣi o la siliminn-goli September bɛɣu pia dali, yuuni 1950 ni. O nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei American Medical Association (AMA) zuɣulana yuuni 1997 mali hali ni yuuni 1998 ni. Pɔi ni maa, o daa lahi nyɛla AMA Board of Trustees zuɣulana ni o daa chaŋdi Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs zuɣu. O lahi nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei Texas A&M Health Science Center President yuuni 11.[1][2] === O piligu ni shikuru === Bɛ daa dɔɣim o Clark, South Dakota niŋdi o ba ni ma farm. O ba ni ma yuya nyɛla Ed ni Mary Wilson. O yuun 9, o daŋ daa yi chaŋ Sacramento, California. Yuuni 5 nyaaŋa bɛ daa lahi yi chaŋ Katy, Texas din be Houston sani. O daa deei bachelor's degrees dibaayi - psychology ni sociology ka di yina Stephen F. Austin State University.[3][4] High school counselor daa yɛli o ni "a bi tooi leei doctor ka lahi mali daŋ". Amma o yidana Frank daa yɛli o "go for it" ka sɔŋ o ni o chaŋ medical school. O daa deei o M.D. ka di yina McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, ka daa lahi tiŋgi residency din maa. O nyɛla Family Practice board certified doctor. O maŋmaŋa ni o tɛhi ni o dɔɣim bia 4,000+ o private practice ni. O nyɛla Family Practice Residency of the Brazos Valley tuuli director.[3] === O tuma zuŋɔ === Yuuni shɛŋa naayi, o tuma kpe la "health policy, health care delivery, medical ethics, ni professionalism". O n-daa mɛ AMA's Patient Bill of Rights. O ŋmɛri yɛltɔɣa pam professional ni civic groups ni, ka lahi chaŋ Congress ti yɛli America medical care jɛndi.[5][2] Texas A&M Health Science Center 1999, bɛ daa pi o leei Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center. 2002, bɛ daa pi o leei President ni Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs. O daa be di zuɣu hali ni 2012.[1] O saha, Center maa daa yɛligi pam: Bɛ daa pahi campuses 3 Colleges daa yi 4 chaŋ 6 - bɛ daa pahi College of Pharmacy ni College of Nursing Students daa yi 880 chaŋ 2,000+ - yiɣisi dibaa ayi October 2012, o daa yi o tuma maa, dama Texas A&M University System daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Health Science Center maa nuu ni. 2013-2014, o daa leei Senior Scholar for Association of Academic Health Centers.[5][6] == O Daŋ == O Yili - Family Nancy W. Dickey bɛ daa dɔɣi o 11 September 1950, United States ni. O daa zaŋ o yili ni o yili yɛla nya o maŋa pam. Ninsala tooi baŋ shɛli nyɛla: O mali paɣa bee doo. O ni o yidana mali bidibisi, amma bɛ daa bi bɔri ni bɛ yɛli o yili yɛla pam ninsala. O tuma zaa puuni, o yili daa sɔŋ o medicine, medical education, ni healthcare toondaanitali tuma ni. O daa bɔri ni ninsala yɛli o o tuma viɛnyɛla ka bi bɔri o yili yɛla. ==== Pina Ni Bɛ Ni Te O Shɛm - Awards and Honors; ==== Nancy Dickey nya pina pam o doctor tuma din galisi ni: American Medical Association AMA tuuli paɣa President 1998–1999 - di nyɛla taarihi club maa puuni. Bɛ daa te o ni o toondaanitali viɛnyɛla family medicine ni medical ethics ni. Medical organizations pam daa ti o pina o ni sɔŋ healthcare toondaanitali, medical education, ni patient care zuɣu. Universities ni professional societies daa lahi te o teebu dama o daa yɛri medical tuma tooni. Distinguished service awards shɛŋa organizations ni daa ti o ka bɛ bɔri family medicine ni doctor toondaanitali viɛnyɛla. O Zaɣisi - Legacy Ninsala pam teeri Nancy Dickey ka o nyɛ doctor, karim ba, ni healthcare toondana. O ni daa leei AMA tuuli paɣa President daa kpaŋ paɣaba pam suhigu ka bɛ bɔ toondaanitali medicine ni. O daa lahi tum academic toondaanitali pam, ni Texas A&M Health Science Center, ka o daa sɔŋ medical education ni healthcare policy pam. O zaɣisi nyɛla o ni kpaŋ o maŋa ka sɔŋ patient care, sɔŋ doctor nima, ni yihi paɣaba shee ka bɛ tooi tum medicine tuma. O ku o yidana Frank, ka bɛ mali bipuɣinsi ata.[2] == Kundivihira == l668dw3i2q0ppn9z2lxqu4o4bdl48kz 145283 145282 2026-07-29T20:57:57Z Mbahayam 8851 Bold Text 145283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Dickey''' nyɛla American doctor bɛ doɣi o la siliminn-goli September bɛɣu pia dali, yuuni 1950 ni. O nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei American Medical Association (AMA) zuɣulana yuuni 1997 mali hali ni yuuni 1998 ni. Pɔi ni maa, o daa lahi nyɛla AMA Board of Trustees zuɣulana ni o daa chaŋdi Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs zuɣu. O lahi nyɛla paɣa tuuli so ŋun daa leei Texas A&M Health Science Center President yuuni 11.[1][2] === O piligu ni shikuru === Bɛ daa dɔɣim o Clark, South Dakota niŋdi o ba ni ma farm. O ba ni ma yuya nyɛla Ed ni Mary Wilson. O yuun 9, o daŋ daa yi chaŋ Sacramento, California. Yuuni 5 nyaaŋa bɛ daa lahi yi chaŋ Katy, Texas din be Houston sani. O daa deei bachelor's degrees dibaayi - psychology ni sociology ka di yina Stephen F. Austin State University.[3][4] High school counselor daa yɛli o ni "a bi tooi leei doctor ka lahi mali daŋ". Amma o yidana Frank daa yɛli o "go for it" ka sɔŋ o ni o chaŋ medical school. O daa deei o M.D. ka di yina McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, ka daa lahi tiŋgi residency din maa. O nyɛla Family Practice board certified doctor. O maŋmaŋa ni o tɛhi ni o dɔɣim bia 4,000+ o private practice ni. O nyɛla Family Practice Residency of the Brazos Valley tuuli director.[3] === O tuma zuŋɔ === Yuuni shɛŋa naayi, o tuma kpe la "health policy, health care delivery, medical ethics, ni professionalism". O n-daa mɛ AMA's Patient Bill of Rights. O ŋmɛri yɛltɔɣa pam professional ni civic groups ni, ka lahi chaŋ Congress ti yɛli America medical care jɛndi.[5][2] Texas A&M Health Science Center 1999, bɛ daa pi o leei Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center. 2002, bɛ daa pi o leei President ni Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs. O daa be di zuɣu hali ni 2012.[1] O saha, Center maa daa yɛligi pam: Bɛ daa pahi campuses 3 Colleges daa yi 4 chaŋ 6 - bɛ daa pahi College of Pharmacy ni College of Nursing Students daa yi 880 chaŋ 2,000+ - yiɣisi dibaa ayi October 2012, o daa yi o tuma maa, dama Texas A&M University System daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Health Science Center maa nuu ni. 2013-2014, o daa leei Senior Scholar for Association of Academic Health Centers.[5][6] == O Daŋ == O Yili - Family Nancy W. Dickey bɛ daa dɔɣi o 11 September 1950, United States ni. O daa zaŋ o yili ni o yili yɛla nya o maŋa pam. Ninsala tooi baŋ shɛli nyɛla: O mali paɣa bee doo. O ni o yidana mali bidibisi, amma bɛ daa bi bɔri ni bɛ yɛli o yili yɛla pam ninsala. O tuma zaa puuni, o yili daa sɔŋ o medicine, medical education, ni healthcare toondaanitali tuma ni. O daa bɔri ni ninsala yɛli o o tuma viɛnyɛla ka bi bɔri o yili yɛla. ==== Pina Ni Bɛ Ni Te O Shɛm - Awards and Honors; ==== Nancy Dickey nya pina pam o doctor tuma din galisi ni: American Medical Association AMA tuuli paɣa President 1998–1999 - di nyɛla taarihi club maa puuni. Bɛ daa te o ni o toondaanitali viɛnyɛla family medicine ni medical ethics ni. Medical organizations pam daa ti o pina o ni sɔŋ healthcare toondaanitali, medical education, ni patient care zuɣu. Universities ni professional societies daa lahi te o teebu dama o daa yɛri medical tuma tooni. Distinguished service awards shɛŋa organizations ni daa ti o ka bɛ bɔri family medicine ni doctor toondaanitali viɛnyɛla. == O Zaɣisi - Legacy == Ninsala pam teeri Nancy Dickey ka o nyɛ doctor, karim ba, ni healthcare toondana. O ni daa leei AMA tuuli paɣa President daa kpaŋ paɣaba pam suhigu ka bɛ bɔ toondaanitali medicine ni. O daa lahi tum academic toondaanitali pam, ni Texas A&M Health Science Center, ka o daa sɔŋ medical education ni healthcare policy pam. O zaɣisi nyɛla o ni kpaŋ o maŋa ka sɔŋ patient care, sɔŋ doctor nima, ni yihi paɣaba shee ka bɛ tooi tum medicine tuma. O ku o yidana Frank, ka bɛ mali bipuɣinsi ata.[2] == Kundivihira == de3miy18v64krgo7iluycfxd3ybhlw9 0 33665 145261 145228 2026-07-29T14:23:07Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 145261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Federal Register 1944- Vol 9 Index (IA sim federal-register-find 1944 annual 9 index).pdf|thumb|Regine Kollek ]] == Regine Kollek; == Regine Kollek: O Tuma Bioteknoloji Ni Etiiksi Puuni Pilibu Regine Kollek nyɛla German karimdeera ni ninvuɣu so ŋun niŋdi vihigu..O niŋ kpaŋ maŋ Zaŋ chaŋ biotechnology, genetics, ethics bohimbu puuni.O tuma  maa zaa jɛndi la ni shɛm ka vihigu din be science puuni, ka di pahi genetic engineering ni genetic testing,  niriba, biɛhigu ni, ni ti biɛhigu shee. O dihitabli kadama science ni technology ni tooi chɛ ka ninsala biɛhigu nyɛ din viɛliɣi. amma bɛ ni niŋdi li ni adalsi ni sariya din gari n-nyɛ din tiri li soli. === Bioteknoloji Ni Di Tima === Bioteknoloji nyɛla di ni zaŋ binneŋa bee binneŋa niŋbu saha n-me di bori shɛŋa ni teknoloji. O laɣim anfaani pam na biɛhigu ni,dini nyɛ , Tima yaɣili Binbila di viɛliɣibu Doriti ==== Dɔriti niŋbu ni lɛbigibu ==== Regine Kollek mi di faida, amma o yɛliya ni vihigu kam ni bɛ kpaŋsi li ka di bi saɣiri ka bɛ zaŋ li tumdi ninsala zuɣu. Bioteknoloji Faida Kollek tuma ni wuhiya ni biotechnology mali faida pam: O sɔŋdi scientist nim ka bɛ mɛ vaccini ni magani dɔriti lɛbigibu O sɔŋdi dokta nim ka bɛ tooi nya dɔriti din be ti laasili puuni - genetic testing O chɛri nimbila ni di ku nya ninyɔɣu, dɔriti, ni biɛɣu O sɔŋdi bindira kpaŋma ka chɛ ka bindira yi pam O sɔŋdi vihigu din chɛri ninsala biɛhigu niŋ viɛnyɛla Sɔŋsim Din Chɛri Kpebu - Ethical Concerns Regine Kollek yɛliya ni sayansi kpaŋma kam ni di zani etiiksu zuɣu. Sɔŋsim shɛŋa o ni yɛli: Sirili - Privacy: Ninvuɣu genetic lahibali ni di nyɛla din zani Niŋdi binshɛɣu bi niŋdi so - Discrimination: Tuma duu bee insurance company ku zaŋ a genetic lahibali niŋ a tabiibi Ninvuɣu ni o saɣi: Ninvuɣu ni o mi ni bɛ ni niŋ o shɛli pɔi ka o saɣi ni genetic testing Ninsala kpeŋsim - Human Dignity: Ninvuɣu kam ni o kpeŋsim di yi ni o genetic shɛm Ti Biɛhigu Shee Sɔŋsim - Environmental Concerns Kollek lahi wuhiya ni di yi ka di tibgibu, bioteknoloji ni tooi chɛ ti biɛhigu shee alaaba: GMO - Genetically modified organisms ni tooi taɣi kɔbiga biɛhigu Teknoloji paa ni tooi chɛ ka nimbila yovilisi kɔŋ ka di taɣi bɛ tuuli nimbila Bɛ ni bɔri ni bɛ yihi GMO na ti biɛhigu shee ni, bɛ ni di vihili ni o sariya pam pɔi ===== Sokam zaa Niŋbu Tuma Ni ===== Kollek o yɛltɔɣa shɛli din galisi nyɛla o ni yɛli ni biotechnology yɛltɔɣa ku nyɛla scientist nim ni government ko ka niŋdi li. Sokam zaa m-be di ni, domin di shɛli di shiri zaŋdi sokam zaa. Yɛltɔɣa ni ninsalinima chani di ni, di sɔŋdi ti ka ti baŋ ni science kpaŋma ni di be Ninsalinima suhudoo ni. ====== Naabu ====== Regine Kollek o tuma wuhiya ti ni sayansi ni teknoloji ni di sɔŋ ninsala, ka di lahi tibgi etiiksu, ninsala haqi, ni ti biɛhigu shee tibgibu. O daɣirila government, scientist nim, ni alaasiba ni bɛ laɣim tuma ni bɛ tibgi ni bɛ zaŋ bioteknoloji tumdi salima ni. O yɛltɔɣa maa zuŋɔ lahi nyɛla din galisi yɛltɔɣa puuni zaŋ chaŋ genetics, dɔriti lɛbigibu, bindira, ni science vihigu puuni. == Kundivihira; == gnyh3f0p1few4tevfznevqi87mltvzm