Dagbani Wikipedia dagwiki https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C9%94%C9%A3u MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Miidiya Diŋ'gahim Yɛltɔɣa Ŋun su Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa Wikipedia Wikipedia yɛltɔɣa Lahabali kɔligu Lahabali kɔligu yɛltɔɣa MiidiyaWiki MiidiyaWiki yɛltɔɣa Tɛmplet Tɛmplet yɛltɔɣa Sɔŋsim Sɔŋsim yɛltɔɣa Pubu Pubu yɛltɔɣa Salima Salima yɛltɔɣa MOS MOS yɛltɔɣa TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 32652 146865 146862 2026-08-30T18:54:46Z Abukari Abdul-Aziz 9174 Quoted a text 146865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Metronidazole''', bɛ ni lahi mi tila' shɛli "'''Flagyl"''' la nyɛla tila shɛli din pahi tupaya mini "anitiprotozoal medication" zuliyanima puuni<ref name="AHFS20152">{{cite web|title=Metronidazole|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=31 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906002140/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole.html|archive-date=6 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bɛ tooi mali di koŋko bee n- pahiri tila shɛŋa din gba be tupaya balibu maa ni n tibiri kpiligu dɔroti, "endocarditis" n ti pahi "bacterial vaginosis".<ref name="AHFS20152" /> == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 9712u066s4mpx0drx4yrsxgq58giooa 0 33734 146866 146825 2026-08-30T20:28:42Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland 1 September 1939 o leadership gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. 1919, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. 1923, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ sentence o yuma 5 prison, o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). O early release 1924 nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag November 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor 30 January 1933. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against b36raf2lclz5o18ffici7w2d04cp1ph 146867 146866 2026-08-30T20:29:37Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland 1 September 1939 o leadership gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. 1919, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. 1923, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ sentence o yuma 5 prison, o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). O early release 1924 nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag November 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor 30 January 1933. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == 80h84g5s0si3li73mqmvaf2yrrzgg27 146868 146867 2026-08-30T20:31:42Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. 1919, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. 1923, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ sentence o yuma 5 prison, o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). O early release 1924 nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag November 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor 30 January 1933. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == ovochnqwe767ay07hpug8ptwgheywus 146869 146868 2026-08-30T20:32:32Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. 1919, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. 1923, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ sentence o yuma 5 prison, o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). O early release 1924 nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag November 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor 30 January 1933. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == gdtkhddi32yq5djzozkd29dtlo6eyg6 146870 146869 2026-08-30T20:34:13Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146870 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. 1919, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. 1923, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ sentence o yuma 5 prison, o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). O early release 1924 nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == 27yfcgdf007jytor597j3igqcc63b6c 146871 146870 2026-08-31T07:53:11Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. 1919, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. 1923, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). O early release 1924 nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == 1otuubadz73s855jfpbp9kl2vgy4kw1 146872 146871 2026-08-31T07:54:58Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, 23 March, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum 2 August 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == m7hoea0j1yk9tp31dm46qf5rw8lixif 146873 146872 2026-08-31T07:56:59Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, silimiin-goli March bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act yuuni 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum silimiin-goli August dabaayi dali,yuuni 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma 6 power puuni daa wuhi rapid economic recovery Great Depression nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. 1 September 1939, Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union June 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == mde3hdme2tp1tnuaz8aites8016wi6n 146874 146873 2026-08-31T08:04:31Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, silimiin-goli March bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act yuuni 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum silimiin-goli August dabaayi dali,yuuni 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma ayɔbu nam puuni daa wuhi daabilim polo lɛbiginsim yɔmyɔm di ni daa niŋ ka lala yaɣali maa bahiyɔli yuun gbaliŋ nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. Silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni , Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union silimiin-goli June ni, yuuni 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == 1q1avjxmocssetyctnpfjskcrfmlpte 146875 146874 2026-08-31T08:05:59Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, silimiin-goli March bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act yuuni 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum silimiin-goli August dabaayi dali,yuuni 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma ayɔbu nam puuni daa wuhi daabilim polo lɛbiginsim yɔmyɔm di ni daa niŋ ka lala yaɣali maa bahiyɔli yuun gbaliŋ nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. Silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni , Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union silimiin-goli June ni, yuuni 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". Yuuni 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant yuuni 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement yuuni 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. Yuuni 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o 3rd wife, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, 1 April 1893, amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == cdmb5l0o6jz32an1auzpn4dje26y0d0 146876 146875 2026-08-31T08:09:46Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, silimiin-goli March bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act yuuni 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum silimiin-goli August dabaayi dali,yuuni 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma ayɔbu nam puuni daa wuhi daabilim polo lɛbiginsim yɔmyɔm di ni daa niŋ ka lala yaɣali maa bahiyɔli yuun gbaliŋ nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. Silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni , Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union silimiin-goli June ni, yuuni 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". Yuuni 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant yuuni 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement yuuni 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. Yuuni 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o paɣa gun daa pahi ata, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, silimiin goli April ni, yuuni 1893 ni , amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, yuuni 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz September 1900. Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr September 1904, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == sx79vneq6pzrjluum3db4ih4buc333d 146877 146876 2026-08-31T08:11:42Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, silimiin-goli March bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act yuuni 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum silimiin-goli August dabaayi dali,yuuni 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma ayɔbu nam puuni daa wuhi daabilim polo lɛbiginsim yɔmyɔm di ni daa niŋ ka lala yaɣali maa bahiyɔli yuun gbaliŋ nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. Silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni , Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union silimiin-goli June ni, yuuni 1941, o daa yɛli war United States December same year. 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. 29 April 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". Yuuni 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant yuuni 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement yuuni 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. Yuuni 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o paɣa gun daa pahi ata, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, silimiin goli April ni, yuuni 1893 ni , amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, yuuni 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz silimiin goli September ni, yuuni 1900 ni . Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr silimiin goli September ni, yuuni 1904 ni, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == hngtl9vupjwyo68pzmu2o3n93tc9c90 146878 146877 2026-08-31T08:15:03Z Mbahayam 8851 Added text 146878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Adolf Hitler cropped restored 3x4.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] == Adolf Hitler; == Adolf Hitler (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni ka o kani silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1945 ni) daa nyɛ Austrian-born German politician ŋun daa nyɛ dictator Germany Nazi saha 1933 zaŋ chaŋ o maŋa kum 1945. O daa du power ni o nyɛ leader Nazi Party, ka lebi chancellor Germany 1933 ka nyaaŋa deei yuli Führer und Reichskanzler 1934. Germany ni kpe Poland silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni. O toon tali gbaŋ ni n daa nyɛ Second World War piligu. Zabli maa zaa, Hitler daa be German military operations tooni ka daa nyɛ central niŋsim din daa ku Jews miliyɔŋ 6 Holocaust puuni n-ti pahi victims miliyɔŋ pam.[a] Bɛ dɔɣi Hitler Braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary ka daa labi Germany yuuni 1913. Bɛ daa ti o pina o ni be German Army First World War, ka deei Iron Cross. Yuuni 1919 ni, o daa pahi German Workers' Party (DAP), precursor Nazi Party, ka yuuni 1921 bɛ boli o leader Nazi Party. Yuuni 1923 ni, o daa bɔri ni o deei governmental power failed coup Munich puuni ka bɛ kpɛhi o sarika yumaa anu , o ni zani yuma 1 gari. Ni ka o dictate volume tuuli o autobiography mini political manifesto Mein Kampf ('N Struggle'). Bɛ ni daa bahi o yuuni 1924 ni nyaaŋa, o daa deei popular support o ni attack Treaty of Versailles n-ti pahi promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, mini anti-communism ni charismatic oratory mini Nazi propaganda. O daa tooi yɛri communism part international Jewish conspiracy. Elections Reichstag silimiin-goli November ni, yuuni 1932 nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa mali seats pam Reichstag, amaa ka bi mali majority. Former chancellor Franz von Papen mini other conservative politicians daa yɛli President Paul von Hindenburg ni o boli Hitler chancellor silimiin-goli January bɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 1933 ni. Shortly nyaaŋa, silimiin-goli March bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, Reichstag daa saɣi Enabling Act yuuni 1933, din daa piligi Weimar Republic transformation Nazi Germany n-ti. Hindenburg kum silimiin-goli August dabaayi dali,yuuni 1934 nyaaŋa, Hitler daa taɣi o head of state ka Germany lebi totalitarian dictatorship. Domestically, Hitler daa piligi numerous racist policies, din daa marginalize mini scapegoat German Jews. O tuuli yuma ayɔbu nam puuni daa wuhi daabilim polo lɛbiginsim yɔmyɔm di ni daa niŋ ka lala yaɣali maa bahiyɔli yuun gbaliŋ nyaaŋa, abrogation restrictions Germany zuɣu First World War nyaaŋa, mini annexation territories inhabited by miliyɔŋ pam ethnic Germans, din daa ti o significant popular support. Hitler goals puuni yini daa nyɛ Lebensraum ('living space') German people Eastern Europe n-ti. O aggressive, expansionist foreign policy daa nyɛ primary cause World War II Europe. Silimiin-goli September dahinyini dali, yuuni 1939 ni , Hitler daa oversee German invasion Poland, ka chɛ Britain mini France ni bɛ yɛli war Germany. O ni order invasion Soviet Union silimiin-goli June ni, yuuni 1941, o daa yɛli war United States silimiin-goli December ni lala yuuni maa puuni . Yuuni 1941 bahigu, German forces mini European Axis powers daa deei most Europe mini North Africa. Gains ŋɔ daa gradually labi nyaaŋa yuuni 1941 zaŋ chaŋ Allied forces ni daa di German military 1945. Silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, yuuni 1945, Hitler daa kpuɣi o longtime partner, Eva Braun, Führerbunker Berlin. Bɛ daa ku bɛ maŋa next day ni bɛ k avoiding capture Soviet Red Army. Historian mini biographer Ian Kershaw daa buɣisi Hitler "embodiment modern political evil". Hitler leadership mini racist ideology gbaŋ ni, Nazi regime daa nyɛ responsible genocide estimated 6 million Jews mini miliyɔŋ pam other victims, o mini o followers ni daa boli Untermenschen ('subhumans') bee socially undesirable. Hitler mini Nazis daa lahi nyɛ responsible deliberate killing estimated 19.3 million civilians mini prisoners of war. Plus, 28.7 million soldiers mini civilians daa kpi result military action European theatre. Civilians kalinli bɛ ni ku World War II daa nyɛ unprecedented warfare, casualties daa chɛ li deadliest conflict history. '''Ancestry''' Hitler ba, Alois Hitler, daa nyɛ illegitimate child Maria Schicklgruber. Baptismal register bi daa wuhi o ba yuli, Alois daa initially mali o ma surname, "Schicklgruber". Yuuni 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler daa kpuɣi Alois ma. Bɛ daa wumsi Alois Hiedler brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler family. Alois daa tum civil servant yuuni 1855 zaŋ chaŋ o retirement yuuni 1895. 1876, bɛ daa lebi Alois legitimate ka o baptismal record annotated priest ni o register Johann Georg Hiedler Alois ba (recorded "Georg Hitler"). Alois daa nyaaŋa deei surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", bee "Huettler". Yuli probably based German word Hütte ('hut'), meaning "one ŋun be hut puuni". Nazi official Hans Frank daa yɛli ni Alois ma daa tum housekeeper Jewish family Graz, family 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger daa dɔɣi Alois, claim bɛ ni boli Frankenberger thesis. Nobody named Frankenberger daa register Graz that period, no record produce Leopold Frankenberger existence, historians kari claim ni Alois ba daa nyɛ Jewish. Yuuni 2025, blood sofa Hitler study daa zaŋ Turi King University of Bath DNA analysis n-ti. Blood daa confirm Hitler own comparison male-line relative, DNA analysis daa lahi wuhi ni Hitler bi mali Jewish ancestry o ba polo. "If that was the case, we wouldn't have got the DNA match with him," King daa yɛli. '''Early life - Childhood mini education''' Adolf Hitler bɛ dɔɣi o silimiin-goli April bɛɣu pishi dali, yuuni 1889 ni Braunau am Inn, town Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close border Germany. O daa nyɛ 4th 6 children Alois Hitler mini o paɣa gun daa pahi ata, Klara Pölzl sani. 3 Hitler siblings - Gustav, Ida, mini Otto - daa kpi infancy. Also be household daa nyɛ Alois children o 2nd marriage: Alois Jr. (1882) mini Angela (1883). 1892, family daa labi Passau, Germany, Alois promotion customs administration Passau nyaaŋa. Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 3 that time. Alois daa promote ka transfer Linz, Austria, silimiin goli April ni, yuuni 1893 ni , amaa family kpalim Passau. Family daa labi Austria ka zani Leonding 9 May 1894, June 1895, Alois daa retire Hafeld, near Lambach, ni o puri ka guli bees. Hitler daa chaŋ Volksschule (state-funded primary school) nearby Fischlham. Ŋmaliŋ Hafeld daa coincided ni father-son conflicts din daa piligi six-year-old Hitler ni kari conform strict discipline o shikuru. Alois daa bɔri ni o browbeat o bia obedience, Adolf daa bɔri ni o nyɛ opposite whatever o ba bɔri. Alois daa lahi ŋmɛri o bia, o ma ni bɔri ni o guli o regular beatings. Alois farming efforts Hafeld bi daa nyɛ nasara, yuuni 1897, family daa labi Lambach. Eight-year-old Hitler daa deei singing lessons, yiini church choir, ka even tɛhi ni o lebi priest. 1898, family daa labi permanently Leonding. Hitler daa deeply affected o younger brother Edmund kum 1900 measles nyaaŋa. Hitler daa taɣi confident, outgoing, conscientious student lebi morose, detached bia ŋun tooi clash o ba mini teachers. Paula Hitler daa teeri ni Adolf daa nyɛ teenage bully ŋun tooi slap o. Alois daa mali successful career customs bureau ka bɔri ni o bia doli o footsteps. Hitler nyaaŋa daa dramatise episode this period o ba ni zaŋ o visit customs office, depicting it event din ti rise unforgiving antagonism father mini son, both strong-willed. O ni kari o bia desire ni o chaŋ classical high school ka lebi artist nyaaŋa, Alois daa zaŋ Hitler Realschule Linz silimiin goli September ni, yuuni 1900 ni . Hitler daa kari decision ŋɔ, Mein Kampf puuni o yɛli ni o intentionally ŋmɛ poorly shikuru, hoping once o ba nya "what little progress n daa mali technical school o yɛn chɛ ma ni n zaŋ n maŋa n-ti n dream". Austrian Germans pam, Hitler daa piligi German nationalist ideas o ni nyɛ billa. O daa wuhi loyalty only Germany, ka kari declining Habsburg monarchy mini o rule ethnically diverse empire. Hitler mini o friends daa zaŋ greeting "Heil", ka yiini "Deutschlandlied" instead Austrian Imperial anthem. Alois sudden kum 3 January 1903 nyaaŋa, Hitler performance shikuru daa siɣi, o ma daa chɛ o ni o yi. O daa kpɛ Realschule Steyr silimiin goli September ni, yuuni 1904 ni, ni o behaviour mini performance daa viɛli. 1905, o ni paasi repeat final exam nyaaŋa, Hitler daa yi shikuru without ambitions further education bee clear plans career. '''Early adulthood Vienna mini Munich''' 1907, Hitler daa yi Linz ni o be ka bɔhim fine art Vienna, financed orphan benefits mini support o ma sani. O daa apply admission Academy of Fine Arts Vienna amaa bɛ daa kari buyi. Director daa yɛli Hitler ni o apply School of Architecture, amaa o bi mali necessary academic credentials o ni bi naai secondary school. 21 December 1907, o ma daa kpi breast cancer yuma 47; Hitler daa nyɛ yuma 18 that time. 1909, Hitler laɣiri daa naai ka bɛ kari o ni o be bohemian life homeless shelters mini Meldemannstraße dormitory. O daa deei liɣiri casual labourer ka ŋmɛri ka kɔhiri watercolours Vienna sights. O saha Vienna, o daa doli growing passion architecture mini music, ka chaŋ performances 10 Lohengrin, o favourite Richard Wagner operas. Vienna, bɛ tuui wuhi Hitler racist rhetoric. Populists kamani mayor Karl Lueger daa zaŋ city prevalent antisemitic sentiment, occasionally espousing German nationalist notions political benefit n-ti. German nationalism daa especially widespread Mariahilf district, ni Hitler daa be. Georg Ritter von Schönerer daa lebi major influence Hitler zuɣu, o daa develop admiration Martin Luther n-ti. Hitler daa karim newspapers mini pamphlets din promote prejudice mini warn influx Eastern European Jews, n-ti pahi writings figures kamani Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, mini Arthur Schopenhauer. O yuma Vienna o daa lahi develop strong anti-Slavic sentiments. Origin mini development Hitler antisemitism kpalim matter debate. O zo Daniel August Kubizek daa claim ni Hitler daa nyɛ "confirmed antisemite" poi ka yi Linz. Amaa historian Brigitte Hamann buɣisi Kubizek claim "problematical". Hitler ni yɛli Mein Kampf ni o tuui lebi antisemite Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, ŋun daa sɔŋ o kɔhi o paintings, kari. Hitler daa lahi kɔhi o art Jewish businessman Samuel Morgenstern o ni be Vienna. Morgenstern clients pam daa nyɛ Jewish; lawyer Josef Feingold daa da watercolours Hitler paintings Vienna historical architecture. Historian Richard J. Evans yɛli ni "historians now generally agree ni o notorious, murderous antisemitism daa yi well after Germany defeat World War I, product paranoid 'stab-in-the-back' explanation catastrophe". Hitler daa deei final part o ba estate May 1913 ka daa labi Munich. Bɛ ni conscript o Austro-Hungarian Army, o daa chaŋ Salzburg 5 February 1914 medical assessment n-ti. O ni deemed unfit service nyaaŋa, o daa labi Munich. Hitler nyaaŋa daa claim ni o bi bɔri ni o tum Habsburg Empire mixture races army puuni mini o belief ni collapse Austria-Hungary imminent. === '''World War I''' === August 1914, outbreak World War I, Hitler daa be Munich ka voluntarily kpɛ Bavarian Army. According 1924 report Bavarian authorities, chɛ Hitler ni o tum daa most likely administrative error, Austrian citizen nyaaŋa, bɛ tu ni bɛ labi o Austria. Bɛ zaŋ o ti Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, o daa tum dispatch runner Western Front France mini Belgium, spending almost half time regimental headquarters Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind front lines. 1914, o daa be First Battle Ypres ka that year bɛ decorate o bravery, deei Iron Cross, Second Class. War saha, bɛ daa fa o commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, ŋun daa yihi Hitler rubble collapsed building heavy fire gbaŋ ni. O service headquarters, Hitler daa doli o artistic interests, ŋmɛri cartoons ka tiri instructions army newspaper n-ti. Battle Somme October 1916, bɛ daa ŋmɛ o left thigh shell ni explode dispatch runners dugout nyaaŋa. Hitler daa be almost 2 months recovering hospital Beelitz, ka labi o regiment 5 March 1917. O daa be Battle Arras 1917 mini Battle Passchendaele. O daa deei black Wound Badge 18 May 1918. 3 months nyaaŋa, August 1918, recommendation Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, o Jewish superior, Hitler daa deei Iron Cross, First Class, decoration rarely awarded Hitler Gefreiter rank. 15 October 1918, bɛ daa jo o temporarily mustard gas attack puuni ka hospitalise o Pasewalk. Ni, Hitler daa nya Germany defeat, o maŋmaŋ account, o daa nya second bout blindness o ni deei lahabali ŋɔ nyaaŋa. Hitler daa buɣisi o role World War I "greatest of all experiences" ka bɛ paɣi o commanding officers bravery zuɣu. O wartime experience daa ti o German patriotism, o daa niŋ shock Germany capitulation November 1918. O displeasure collapse war effort daa piligi shape o ideology. German nationalists shɛba, o daa yɛli Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), din yɛli ni German army, "undefeated field", bɛ daa "stab in the back" home front civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, mini ban daa dihi armistice din naai zabli - nyaaŋa bɛ boli "November criminals". Treaty Versailles daa yɛli ni Germany tu ni o chɛ several territories mini demilitarise Rhineland. Treaty daa zaŋ economic sanctions mini levied heavy reparations country zuɣu. Germans pam daa nya treaty unjust humiliation. Bɛ especially kari Article 231, bɛ ni interpret declaring Germany responsible war n-ti. Versailles Treaty mini economic, social, mini political conditions Germany war nyaaŋa bɛ nyaaŋa daa zaŋ Hitler political gain n-ti. ===== '''Entry into politics''' ===== War nyaaŋa, Hitler daa labi Munich. Without formal education bee career prospects, o daa kpalim army. July 1919, bɛ daa boli o Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) Aufklärungskommando Reichswehr, assigned influence other soldiers mini infiltrate German Workers' Party (DAP). DAP meeting 12 September 1919, Party chairman Anton Drexler daa niŋ kasi Hitler oratorical skills. O daa ti o copy pamphlet My Political Awakening, din mali antisemitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, mini anti-Marxist ideas. Orders o army superiors, Hitler daa apply ni o pahi party, week puuni bɛ daa saɣi o party member 555 (party daa piligi counting membership 500 ni bɛ wuhi bɛ nyɛ much larger party). Hitler daa sabi earliest known written statement Jewish question 16 September 1919 letter Adolf Gemlich (now known Gemlich letter). Letter puuni, Hitler argue ni aim government "must unshakably be removal Jews altogether". DAP, Hitler daa nya Dietrich Eckart, yino party founders mini member occult Thule Society. Eckart daa lebi Hitler mentor, exchanging ideas o nyaaŋa ka introduce o wide Munich society. Ni bɛ increase appeal, DAP daa taɣi yuli Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP, now known "Nazi Party"). Hitler daa design party banner swastika white circle red background. Bɛ daa yihi Hitler army 31 March 1920, ka piligi tum full-time party n-ti. Party headquarters daa be Munich, centre anti-government German nationalists determined eliminate Marxism mini undermine Weimar Republic. February 1921, already highly effective crowd manipulation, Hitler daa yɛli crowd gari 6,000. Ni bɛ publicise meeting, truckloads 2 party supporters daa gili Munich ka waving swastika flags ka distributing leaflets. Hitler daa yoma deei notoriety o rowdy polemic speeches Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, mini especially Marxists mini Jews sani. June 1921, Hitler mini Eckart ni be fundraising trip Berlin, mutiny daa yi Nazi Party Munich puuni. Members executive committee daa bɔri ni bɛ laɣim Nuremberg-based German Socialist Party (DSP). Hitler daa labi Munich 11 July ka angrily ti o resignation. Committee members daa baŋ ni resignation bɛ leading public figure mini speaker daa yɛn nyɛ end party. Hitler daa yɛli ni o yɛn labi pahi condition ni o yɛn taɣi Drexler party chairman, party headquarters yɛn kpalim Munich. Committee daa saɣi, o daa labi pahi party 26 July member 3,680. ==== '''Beer Hall Putsch mini Landsberg Prison''' ==== 1923, Hitler daa deei help World War I General Erich Ludendorff attempted coup known Beer Hall Putsch. Nazi Party daa zaŋ Italian Fascism model bɛ appearance mini policies n-ti. Hitler daa bɔri ni o emulate Benito Mussolini March on Rome 1922 ni o stage o coup Bavaria, din nyaaŋa challenge government Berlin. Hitler mini Ludendorff daa bɔri support Staatskommissar Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria de facto ruler. Amaa Kahr, n-ti pahi Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser mini Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, daa bɔri ni bɛ zaŋ nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. 8 November 1923, Hitler mini SA daa kpe public meeting 3,000 people Kahr ni organize Bürgerbräukeller, beer hall Munich. O ni chɛ Kahr speech, o daa yɛli ni national revolution piligi ka yɛli formation new government Ludendorff nyaaŋa. O forces initially daa di occupying local Reichswehr mini police headquarters, amaa Kahr mini o cohorts daa yoma yi support. Neither Army bee state police daa pahi Hitler. Next day, Hitler mini o followers daa chaŋ beer hall zaŋ chaŋ Bavarian War Ministry ni bɛ overthrow Bavarian government, amaa police daa bɔri ba. Failed coup, 16 Nazi Party members mini 4 police officers daa kpi. Hitler daa zo Ernst Hanfstaengl yiŋ ka some accounts tɛhi suicide. Bɛ daa gbaai o 11 November 1923 high treason n-ti. O trial special People's Court Munich daa piligi February 1924. 1 April, bɛ daa sentence Hitler yuma 5 Festungshaft Landsberg Prison. Ni, o daa deei friendly treatment guards sani ka chɛ mail supporters mini regular visits party comrades. Pardoned Bavarian Supreme Court, bɛ daa yihi o jail 20 December 1924. Including time remand, Hitler daa zani just over 1 year prison. Landsberg, Hitler daa dictate most tuuli volume Mein Kampf at first o chauffeur, Emil Maurice, nyaaŋa o deputy, Rudolf Hess. Buku, dedicated Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, daa nyɛ autobiography mini exposition o ideology. Buku daa zaŋ Hitler plans territorial expansion n-ti pahi transforming German society dictatorship based race. Buku zaa, Jews bɛ equate "germs" ka wuhi "international poisoners" society. According Hitler ideology, only solution daa nyɛ extermination. Hitler bi buɣisi exactly ni ŋɔ yɛn niŋ shɛm, o "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according Ian Kershaw. Published volumes 2 1925 mini 1926, Mein Kampf daa kɔhi 228,000 copies 1925 mini 1932 sunsuuni. One million copies daa kɔhi 1933, Hitler tuuli year office. === '''Rebuilding Nazi Party''' === Hitler release prison saha, politics Germany daa lebi less combative, economy viɛli, limiting Hitler opportunities political agitation. Result failed Beer Hall Putsch, Nazi Party mini o affiliated organisations bɛ daa ban Bavaria. Meeting prime minister Bavaria, Heinrich Held, 4 January 1925, Hitler daa saɣi respect state authority ka promise ni o yɛn bɔ political power only democratic process. Meeting daa chɛ ban Nazi Party lifted 16 February. Amaa after inflammatory speech o ni ti 27 February, bɛ daa ban Hitler public speaking Bavarian authorities, ban din daa kpalim zaŋ chaŋ 1927. Ni o tuɣi o political ambitions ban nyaaŋa, Hitler daa piigi Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, mini Joseph Goebbels ni bɛ organize mini enlarge Nazi Party northern Germany. Stock market United States daa crash 24 October 1929. Impact Germany daa nyɛ dire: miliyɔŋ pam daa lebi unemployed, several major banks daa kɔŋ. Hitler mini Nazi Party daa prepare ni bɛ deei advantage emergency ni bɛ deei support bɛ party n-ti. Bɛ daa promise ni bɛ yɛn kari Versailles Treaty, strengthen economy, mini ti jobs. Hitler daa yɛri Nazi Party yuli October 1923: "Why," n bɔhi Hitler, "a booni a maŋa National Socialist, since a party program nyɛ very antithesis din commonly accredited socialism?" "Socialism," o daa labsi, ka zaŋ o cup of tea, pugnaciously, "nyɛ science dealing with common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. Marxians zu Socialism yuli ka confuse o meaning. N yɛn deei Socialism Socialists sani. Socialism nyɛ ancient Aryan, Germanic institution... Ti bɔri fulfilment just claims productive classes by state based race solidarity. Ti sani, state mini race nyɛ one." Great Depression daa ti Hitler soli ni o deei political opportunity. Germans daa bi saɣi parliamentary republic, din daa mali challenges right mini left-wing extremists sani. Moderate political parties daa bi lahi tooi chɛ extremism tide, German referendum 1929 daa sɔŋ Nazi ideology du. Elections September 1930 daa chɛ grand coalition wurim ka taɣi li minority cabinet. O leader, chancellor Heinrich Brüning Centre Party ni, daa gɔri ni emergency decrees President Paul von Hindenburg sani. Governance by decree daa lebi new norm, ka chɛ soli authoritarian forms government. Nazi Party daa yi obscurity n deei 18.3% vote mini 107 parliamentary seats 1930 election, ka lebi 2nd largest party parliament puuni. Hitler daa yi polo prominent trial Reichswehr officers 2, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer mini Hanns Ludin, late 1930. Bɛ 2 maa bɛ daa bɔri membership Nazi Party, din daa nyɛ illegal Reichswehr personnel saha. Prosecution daa yɛli Nazi Party nyɛ extremist, ka chɛ defence lawyer Hans Frank boli Hitler ni o di evidence. 25 September 1930, Hitler daa di evidence ni o party yɛn bɔ political power only democratic elections, din daa deei supporters pam officer corps. Brüning austerity measures daa bi sɔŋ economic viɛlim, ka daa nyɛ extremely unpopular. Hitler daa zaŋ ŋɔ n bɔri o political messages specifically ninvuɣu shɛba inflation 1920s mini Depression ni daa nyam - kamani farmers, war veterans, mini middle class. Hitler ni daa naai o Austrian citizenship 1925 nyaaŋa, o bi daa deei German citizenship hali yuma 7 nyaaŋa. Di wuhiri ni o daa nyɛ stateless, legally bi tooi zani public office, ka kpalim risk deportation. 25 February 1932, interior minister Brunswick, Dietrich Klagges, ŋun daa nyɛ member Nazi Party, daa piigi Hitler administrator state delegation Reichsrat Berlin, ka chɛ Hitler lebi citizen Brunswick, ka di zuɣu lebi Germany. Hitler daa zani against Hindenburg 1932 presidential election. Speech Industry Club Düsseldorf 27 January 1932 daa deei o support Germany most powerful industrialists sani. Hindenburg daa mali support various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, mini republican parties, mini some Social Democrats. Hitler daa zaŋ campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), reference o political ambitions mini o campaigning aircraft. O daa nyɛ tuuli politicians ban daa zaŋ aircraft travel campaigning n-ti ka daa zaŋ li effectively. Hitler daa dɔni 2nd both rounds election, ka deei gari 35% vote final election. O ni daa luhi Hindenburg nyaaŋa, election ŋɔ daa zaŋ Hitler as strong force German politics. '''Appointment as chancellor''' Effective government kalinsi daa chɛ influential politicians 2, Franz von Papen mini Alfred Hugenberg, n-ti pahi several industrialists mini businessmen, sabi gbaŋ Hindenburg. Signers daa yɛli Hindenburg ni o piigi Hitler leader government "independent from parliamentary parties", din ni tooi lebi movement din "yɛn enrapture miliyɔŋ pam people". Hindenburg reluctantly daa saɣi piigi Hitler chancellor after 2 further parliamentary elections - July mini November 1932 - bi daa bi deei majority government. Hitler daa headed short-lived coalition government Nazi Party (din daa mali seats pam Reichstag) mini Hugenberg party, German National People's Party (DNVP) ni. 30 January 1933, new cabinet bɛ daa pɔ o brief ceremony Hindenburg office puuni. Nazi Party daa deei posts 3: Hitler daa boli chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister Interior, mini Hermann Göring Minister Interior Prussia. Hitler daa insist ministerial positions way ni o deei control police pam Germany. '''Reichstag fire mini March elections''' Chancellor, Hitler daa tum against attempts Nazi Party opponents ni bɛ maŋ coalition majority government. Political stalemate zuɣu, o daa bɔhi Hindenburg ni o lahi dissolve Reichstag, elections daa schedule early March. 27 February 1933, Reichstag building bɛ daa ŋmɛ buɣim. Göring daa blame communist plot, Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe bɛ ni nya incriminating circumstances burning building puuni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1960s, historians shɛba, including William L. Shirer mini Alan Bullock, daa tɛhi Nazi Party n daa nyɛ responsible; pumpɔŋɔ historians pam view van der Lubbe n daa piligi buɣim maŋa. Hitler urging, Hindenburg daa saɣi signing Reichstag Fire Decree 28 February, Nazis ni draft, din daa kari basic rights ka chɛ detention without trial. Decree daa chɛ Article 48 Weimar Constitution gbaŋ ni, din daa ti president power ni o deei emergency measures protect public safety mini order. Activities German Communist Party (KPD) bɛ daa suppress, 4,000 KPD members bɛ daa gbaai. Political campaigning nyaaŋa, Nazi Party daa kpe paramilitary violence mini spread anti-communist propaganda, days preceding election. Election day, 6 March 1933, Nazis share vote daa du 44%, party daa deei seats pam parliament. Hitler party bi daa deei absolute majority, needing another coalition DNVP. '''Day of Potsdam mini Enabling Act''' 21 March 1933, new Reichstag daa constitute opening ceremony Garrison Church Potsdam. "Day of Potsdam" ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ ni bɛ wuhi unity Nazi movement mini old Prussian elite mini military sunsuuni. Hitler daa yi morning coat ka humbly puhi Hindenburg. Ni o deei full political control despite ka bi mali absolute majority parliament, Hitler government daa zaŋ Ermächtigungsgesetz (Enabling Act) vote newly elected Reichstag. Act - officially Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich") - daa ti Hitler cabinet power ni bɛ enact laws without consent Reichstag yuma 4. Laws ŋɔ (with certain exceptions) daa tooi deviate constitution. Since di yɛn affect constitution, Enabling Act daa bɔri two-thirds majority ni bɛ paasi. Ka chɛ nothing chance, Nazis daa zaŋ provisions Reichstag Fire Decree gbaai all 81 Communist deputies (despite bɛ virulent campaign party, Nazis daa chɛ KPD ni bɛ contest election) ka kari several Social Democrats chɛ bɛ chaŋ. 23 March 1933, Reichstag daa laɣim Kroll Opera House turbulent circumstances gbaŋ ni. Ranks SA men daa tum guards building puuni, large groups outside, opposing proposed legislation, daa kuhi slogans mini threats towards arriving members parliament. Hitler ni verbally promise Centre party leader Ludwig Kaas ni Hindenburg yɛn kpalim o power veto nyaaŋa, Kaas daa yɛli Centre Party yɛn support Enabling Act. Act daa paasi vote 444-94, parties zaa except Social Democrats daa voti in favour. Enabling Act, along Reichstag Fire Decree, daa taɣi Hitler government legal dictatorship. '''Dictatorship''' At risk appearing talk nonsense, n yɛli ya ni National Socialist movement yɛn be 1,000 years! ... Di tam yɛla niriba ni daa lahi ma 15 years nyaaŋa n ni daa yɛli ni dabisili n yɛn gɔri Germany. Bɛ lahi ma pumpɔŋɔ, foolishly same, n ni yɛli ni n yɛn kpalim power! Adolf Hitler to British correspondent Berlin, June 1934 O ni deei full control legislative mini executive branches government, Hitler mini o allies daa piligi suppress remaining opposition. Social Democratic Party bɛ daa chɛ illegal, o assets bɛ daa deei. Trade union delegates pam ni be Berlin May Day activities, SA stormtroopers daa deei union offices country zaa. 2 May 1933, trade unions zaa bɛ daa kari dissolve, bɛ leaders bɛ daa gbaai. Shɛba bɛ daa zaŋ chaŋ concentration camps. German Labour Front bɛ daa maŋ umbrella organisation represent workers zaa, administrators, mini company owners, thus reflecting concept Nazism spirit Hitler Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). June bahigu, parties shɛŋa bɛ daa intimidate ni bɛ wurim. Ŋɔ daa pahi Nazis nominal coalition partner, DNVP; SA sɔŋsim, Hitler daa kari o leader, Hugenberg, ni o yi 29 June. 14 July 1933, Nazi Party bɛ daa yɛli only legal political party Germany. Demands SA more political mini military power daa chɛ anxiety military, industrial, mini political leaders sunsuuni. Response, Hitler daa purge entire SA leadership Night of the Long Knives, din daa niŋ 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler daa target Ernst Röhm mini other SA leaders ŋa, n-ti pahi several Hitler political adversaries (kamani Gregor Strasser mini former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), bɛ daa gbaai, arrest, ka ku ba. International community mini Germans shɛba daa niŋ shock killings, Germans pam daa tɛhi Hitler labiri restoring order. Hindenburg daa kpi 2 August 1934. Dabsili yini poi, cabinet daa enact Law Concerning Head of State German Reich. Law ŋɔ daa yɛli ni Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, office president yɛn abolish, o powers merge chancellor. Hitler daa lebi head of state as well as head of government ka formally boli Führer und Reichskanzler, although Reichskanzler eventually daa drop. With action ŋɔ, Hitler daa elim last legal remedy by which bɛ tooi yihi o office. Head of state, Hitler daa lebi commander-in-chief armed forces. Immediately Hindenburg kum nyaaŋa, instigation leadership Reichswehr, traditional loyalty oath soldiers bɛ daa taɣi ni bɛ affirm loyalty Hitler maŋa, yuli, rather than office commander-in-chief bee Germany. 19 August, merger presidency chancellorship bɛ daa saɣi 88% electorate voting plebiscite. Early 1938, Hitler daa zaŋ blackmail consolidate o hold military gbaŋ ni instigating Blomberg-Fritsch affair. O daa kari o War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, ni o yi using police dossier din wuhi Blomberg new wife mali record prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch bɛ daa yihi after Schutzstaffel (SS) daa produce allegations o ni kpe homosexual relationship. Dobba ayi ŋɔ zaa daa lu disfavour because bɛ daa kari Hitler demand ni Wehrmacht ready war as early as 1938. Hitler daa deei Blomberg title Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command armed forces. O daa taɣi Ministry War Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed General Wilhelm Keitel. Same day, 16 generals bɛ daa yihi commands, 44 more bɛ daa transfer; zaa bɛ daa tɛhi bi sufficiently pro-Nazi. Hitler daa guli ni o ti o dictatorship appearance legality. O decrees pam explicitly based Reichstag Fire Decree mini hence Article 48 Weimar Constitution. Reichstag daa renew Enabling Act buyi, each time yuma 4. While elections Reichstag still daa be (1933, 1936, 1938), voters bɛ daa wuhi single list Nazis mini pro-Nazi "guests" din daa deei well over 90% vote. Sham elections ŋɔ bɛ daa niŋ far-from-secret conditions; Nazis daa threaten severe reprisals against anyone ŋun bi voti bee ŋun voti against == Kundivihira == bzjg29o149l69xtg7i8biflchjg1yd7 0 33735 146863 2026-08-30T12:59:01Z Abdul Gafaru 100% 6794 Added information 146863 wikitext text/x-wiki == Richard I of England; == Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), bɛ ni mi o '''Richard the Lionheart''' bee '''Richard Cœur de Lion''' (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) o reputation ni daa nyɛ great military leader mini warrior zuɣu, daa nyɛ King of England 1189 zaŋ chaŋ o kum 1199. O daa lahi gɔri Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, mini Gascony; Lord of Cyprus; Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, mini Nantes; ka daa nyɛ overlord of Brittany times shɛŋa same period puuni. O daa nyɛ 3rd 5 sons Henry II of England mini Eleanor of Aquitaine, ka di zuɣu bɛ daa bi tɛhi ni o yɛn lebi king, amaa o mabihi kpɛma 2 daa kpi poi ni bɛ ba. O ni daa nyɛ yuma 16, Richard daa deei command o army maŋa, ka kariti rebellions Poitou ni bɛ daa kpa o ba zuɣu. Richard daa nyɛ important Christian commander Third Crusade saha, ka daa lead campaign Philip II of France ni yi nyaaŋa. O ni daa deei victories pam o Muslim counterpart, Saladin, zuɣu nyaaŋa, bɛ daa chɛ o ni o naai o campaign without retaking Jerusalem. Richard tooi yɛri French mini Occitan, ka based Roger of Howden testimony, most likely baŋdi Middle English. Bɛ dɔɣi o la England, ni o ni zani o bihi saha; poi ka lebi Duke of Aquitaine, o daa be o adult life pam Duchy of Aquitaine, southwest France. O ni deei crown of England nyaaŋa, o daa zani saha biɛla, tooi 6 months, England. O reign pam daa nyɛ Crusade, captivity, bee actively defending French portions Angevin Empire. Although bɛ daa buɣisi o model king mini paragon chivalry 4 centuries o kum nyaaŋa ka bɛ buɣisi o pious mini chivalrous hero o subjects sani, nyaaŋa historians daa nya o ruler ŋun daa zaŋ kingdom of England as source revenue o armies n-ti gari tiŋa bɛ ni zaŋ n-ti o stewardship. "Little England" view Richard ŋɔ daa be increasing scrutiny modern scholars sani ban buɣisi li anachronistic ka wuhi o wider continental responsibilities ruler. '''Early life mini accession Aquitaine - Childhood''' Richard bɛ dɔɣi o 8 September 1157, tooi Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, son King Henry II of England mini Eleanor of Aquitaine. O daa nyɛ younger brother William, Henry the Young King, mini Matilda; William daa kpi poi ni Richard dɔɣim. As younger son Henry II, Richard bɛ daa bi tɛhi ni o yɛn du throne. 4 more children bɛ daa dɔɣi King Henry mini Queen Eleanor: Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan, mini John. Richard daa lahi mali half-sisters 2 o ma first marriage Louis VII of France: Marie mini Alix. Bɛ tooi buɣisi Richard o ma favourite son. O ba Angevin-Norman lineage daa chɛ Richard great-great-grandson William the Conqueror. Contemporary historian Ralph de Diceto daa trace o family tree Matilda of Scotland zaŋ chaŋ Anglo-Saxon kings England, including Alfred the Great. Dini, legend daa zaŋ ba Noah mini Woden. According Angevin family tradition, bɛ ancestry daa mali 'infernal blood': bɛ daa claim descent fairy, bee female demon, Melusine. O ba ni daa gɔri o lands Scotland to France, Richard tooi zani o childhood England. O first recorded visit European continent daa nyɛ May 1165, o ma ni zaŋ o Normandy. O wet nurse daa nyɛ Hodierna of St Albans, ŋun o daa ti generous pension o ni lebi king nyaaŋa. Biɛla n daa mi Richard education. Although bɛ dɔɣi o Oxford ka wumsi o England hali o yuma 8, bi mi to what extent o daa zaŋ bee baŋdi English; o daa nyɛ educated nira ŋun ŋmɛri poetry ka sabiri Limousin (lenga d'òc) mini French. O captivity saha, o brother John daa calculatedly zaŋ English prejudice foreigners n-ti ni o destroy authority Richard chancellor, William Longchamp, Norman. John supporter Hugh Nonant specifically daa yɛli ni Longchamp bi tooi yɛri English, indicating late 12th century, ban be positions authority England bɛ daa bɔri ni bɛ baŋ English. Richard bɛ daa yɛli o nyɛ very attractive; o hair daa be red mini blond sunsuuni, o nimbila daa nyɛ light-eyed pale complexion. According Clifford Brewer, o daa nyɛ 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m), although di nyɛ unverifiable since o remains daa kɔŋ at least French Revolution. John, o youngest brother, bɛ daa mi o 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m). Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi, Latin prose narrative Third Crusade, yɛli: "O daa waɣa, elegant build; colour o hair daa be red mini gold sunsuuni; o limbs daa nyɛ supple mini straight. O daa mali long arms suited wielding sword. O long legs matched rest o body". Marriage alliances, common medieval royalty, tooi chɛ political alliances mini peace treaties, additionally chɛ families stake claims succession each other lands zuɣu. March 1159, bɛ daa arrange Richard yɛn kpuɣi yino daughters Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona; amaa arrangements ŋɔ daa bi niŋ, marriage bi daa bi niŋ. Henry the Young King daa kpuɣi Margaret, daughter Louis VII of France, 2 November 1160. Despite alliance ŋɔ Plantagenets mini Capetians, dynasty French throne, 2 houses ŋɔ sometimes daa be conflict. 1168, intercession Pope Alexander III daa bɔri ni bɛ secure truce bɛ sunsuuni. Henry II daa deei Brittany ka deei control Gisors mini Vexin, din daa be part Margaret dowry. Early 1160s bɛ daa yɛli Richard tu ni o kpuɣi Alys, Countess of the Vexin, 4th daughter Louis VII; rivalry kings England mini France zuɣu, Louis daa kari marriage. Peace treaty bɛ daa secure January 1169 ka Richard betrothal Alys bɛ daa confirm. Henry II daa plan divide o mini Eleanor territories bɛ 3 eldest surviving sons sunsuuni: Henry yɛn lebi King of England ka mali control Anjou, Maine, mini Normandy; Richard yɛn deei Aquitaine mini Poitiers o ma sani; Geoffrey yɛn lebi Duke of Brittany marriage Constance, heir presumptive Conan IV. Ceremony ni Richard betrothal bɛ daa confirm, o daa paɣi homage king of France Aquitaine n-ti, ka secure ties vassalage 2 maa sunsuuni. Henry II ni daa be seriously ill 1170 nyaaŋa, o daa enact o plan divide o territories, nevertheless retaining overall authority o sons mini bɛ holdings zuɣu. O son Henry bɛ daa kpaɣi heir apparent June 1170. 1171 Richard daa yi Aquitaine o ma nyaaŋa; Henry II daa ti o duchy Aquitaine Eleanor suhigu. Richard mini o ma daa gili tour Aquitaine 1171 attempt pacify locals. Bɛ zaa, bɛ daa zaŋ foundation stone St Augustine Monastery Limoges. June 1172, age 14, Richard bɛ daa formally recognize Duke of Aquitaine mini Count of Poitou o ni deei lance mini banner emblems o office; ceremony daa niŋ Poitiers ka labi repeat Limoges, ni o daa ye ring St Valerie, personification Aquitaine. '''Revolt against Henry II''' According Ralph of Coggeshall, Henry the Young King daa piligi rebellion Henry II; o daa bɔri ni o gɔri independently at least part territory o ba ni daa promise o, ka yi o dependence Henry II, ŋun daa gɔri purse strings. Rumors daa be ni Eleanor tooi encourage o sons ni bɛ kpa revolt bɛ ba. Henry the Young King daa yi o ba ka labi French court, bɔri protection Louis VII; o mabihi Richard mini Geoffrey daa doli o yomyom, 5-year-old John daa kpalim England. Louis daa ti o support 3 brothers ka even knight Richard, ka laɣim ba vassalage gbaŋ ni. Jordan Fantosme, contemporary poet, daa buɣisi rebellion "war without love". French court, brothers daa pɔ oath ni bɛ bi yɛn maŋ terms Henry II without consent Louis VII mini French barons. Louis support, Henry the Young King daa deei barons pam o cause gbaŋ ni promises land mini money; yino baron ŋɔ, Philip I, Count of Flanders, bɛ daa promise £1,000 mini castles several. Brothers daa lahi mali supporters ready yi England. Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester, daa laɣim forces Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, mini William I of Scotland rebellion Suffolk. Alliance Louis initially daa nyɛ nasara, July 1173 rebels daa be besieging Aumale, Neuf-Marché, mini Verneuil, Hugh de Kevelioc daa deei Dol Brittany. Richard daa chaŋ Poitou ka yi barons loyal o maŋa mini o ma rebellion Henry II supporters Aquitaine zuɣu. Bɛ daa gbaai Eleanor, ka chɛ Richard ni o lead campaign Henry II supporters Aquitaine o maŋa. O daa chaŋ ni o deei La Rochelle amaa inhabitants daa kari o; o daa yi city Saintes, ni o ni zaŋ as base operations. Meanwhile, Henry II daa yi very expensive army gari 20,000 mercenaries ni o kpa rebellion. O daa chaŋ Verneuil, Louis daa yi o forces. Army daa lahi deei Dol ka subdue Brittany. At this point Henry II daa ti offer peace o sons; Louis saɣisigu, offer bɛ daa kari. Henry II forces daa deei Saintes surprise ka gbaai much o garrison, although Richard daa zo small group soldiers nyaaŋa. O daa zo refuge Château de Taillebourg rest war. Henry the Young King mini Count of Flanders daa plan ni bɛ land England n sɔŋ rebellion led Earl of Leicester. Anticipating ŋɔ, Henry II daa labi England 500 soldiers mini o prisoners (including Eleanor mini o sons wives mini fiancées), amaa o arrival o daa nya rebellion already collapse. William I of Scotland mini Hugh Bigod bɛ daa gbaai 13 mini 25 July respectively. Henry II daa labi France ka yi siege Rouen, ni Henry the Young King daa pahi Louis VII o ni yi o plan invade England nyaaŋa. Bɛ daa di Louis ka dihi peace treaty September 1174, Treaty of Montlouis. Terms Henry II mini Louis VII 8 September 1174 truce specifically daa kari Richard. Louis ni yi o ka wary facing o ba army battle, Richard daa chaŋ Henry II court Poitiers 23 September ka bɔhi forgiveness, kumdi ka luri o ba naba zuɣu. Henry daa ti Richard kiss of peace. Days biɛla nyaaŋa, Richard brothers daa pahi o bɔri reconciliation bɛ ba nyaaŋa. Terms 3 brothers daa saɣi daa nyɛ less generous than Henry ni daa propose earlier conflict (saha Richard bɛ daa ti 4 castles Aquitaine mini half income duchy): Richard bɛ daa ti control 2 castles Poitou mini half income Aquitaine; Henry the Young King bɛ daa ti 2 castles Normandy; Geoffrey bɛ daa chɛ half Brittany. Eleanor daa kpalim Henry II prisoner hali o kum, partly insurance Richard good behaviour. '''Final years Henry II reign''' War nyaaŋa, process pacifying provinces ŋan daa kpa revolt Henry II daa piligi. King daa gɔri Anjou purpose ŋɔ, Geoffrey daa deal Brittany. January 1175, bɛ daa zaŋ Richard Aquitaine ni o ŋmɛ barons ban daa tu o. Historian John Gillingham notes chronicle Roger of Howden n nyɛ main source Richard activities this period. According chronicle, castles pam belonging rebels daa tu ni bɛ labi state bɛ ni daa be 15 days poi ni war outbreak, shɛŋa daa tu ni bɛ wurim. Given by this time di daa nyɛ common castles bɛ maŋ stone, barons pam daa expand bee refortify bɛ castles, ŋɔ daa bi nyɛ easy task. Roger of Howden daa sabi two-month siege Castillon-sur-Agen; while castle daa "notoriously strong", Richard siege engines daa ŋmɛ defenders zaŋ chaŋ submission. Campaign ŋɔ puuni, Richard daa deei yuli "the Lion" bee "Lionheart" o noble, brave mini fierce leadership zuɣu. Bɛ booni o "this our lion" (hic leo noster) as early as 1187 Topographia Hibernica Giraldus Cambrensis, while byname "lionheart" (le quor de lion) first recorded Ambroise L'Estoire de la Guerre Sainte context Accon campaign 1191. Henry daa bi bɔri ni o zaŋ o sons resources din tooi zaŋ against o. Bɛ daa tɛhi o daa deei Alys of France, Richard betrothed, as o mistress. Ŋɔ daa chɛ marriage Richard mini Alys technically impossible Church nini, amaa Henry daa prevaricate: o daa buɣisi Alys dowry, Vexin Île-de-France, valuable. Richard bɛ daa kari renouncing Alys because o nyɛ sister King Philip II of France, close ally. After failing overthrow o ba, Richard daa zaŋ o jilma ni o kariti internal revolts nobles Aquitaine, especially territory Gascony, ni increasing cruelty o rule daa chɛ major revolt 1179. Re-bɔri ni bɛ dethrone Richard, rebels daa bɔri help o brothers Henry mini Geoffrey. Turning point daa kana Charente Valley spring 1179. Well-defended fortress Taillebourg daa yiɣisi impregnable. Castle daa gili cliff 3 sides mini town 3-layer wall 4th. Richard tuui daa wurim ka ku farms mini lands surrounding fortress, ka chɛ defenders no reinforcements bee lines retreat. Garrison daa yi castle ka attack Richard; o daa subdue army nyaaŋa ka doli defenders inside open gates, ni o ni tooi deei castle days 2 puuni. Richard victory Taillebourg daa kari barons pam rebellion, ka chɛ ba instead yɛli loyalty o. 1181-82, Richard daa kpa revolt over succession county Angoulême. O opponents daa labi Philip II of France support n-ti, zabli daa yɛli Limousin mini Périgord. Excessive cruelty Richard punitive campaigns daa yiɣisi even more hostility. Richard ni subdue o rebellious barons nyaaŋa, o daa lahi challenge o ba. 1180 to 1183 tension father mini son daa du, Henry II daa command Richard ni o paɣi homage Henry the Young King, amaa Richard daa kari. Finally, 1183, younger Henry mini Geoffrey of Brittany daa invade Aquitaine attempt subdue Richard. Richard barons daa pahi fray ka taɣi bɛ duke. Amaa, Richard mini o army daa di holding back invading armies, ka ku prisoners pam. Conflict daa vuhim briefly June 1183, Young King ni kpi. O elder brother kum nyaaŋa, Richard daa lebi eldest surviving son ka di zuɣu heir English crown. Henry II daa bɔhi ni Richard chɛ Aquitaine (o ni daa plan ti o youngest son, John, as o inheritance). Richard daa kari, conflict daa tuɣi o mini o ba sunsuuni. Finally, King daa zaŋ Queen Eleanor prison puuni, zaŋ o Aquitaine, ka bɔhi ni Richard labi ti possession o lands o ma. Meanwhile, 1186, Geoffrey daa kpi tournament. O daa mali daughter, Eleanor, mini posthumous son, Arthur. 8m9ne557cn87iposxuj08obz0rinssv 146864 146863 2026-08-30T15:42:30Z Achiri Bitamsimli 23 Updated the content 146864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard I''' (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) nyɛla bɛ ni mi so '''Richard the Lionheart''' bee '''Richard Cœur de Lion'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saunders |first=Connie J. |title=Writing War: Medieval Literary Responses to Warfare |publisher=D.S. Brewer |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-8599-1843-5 |pages=38}}</ref><ref>Trudgill, Peter (2021) ''European Language Matters: English in Its European Context'', Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|9781108832960}} p. 61.</ref> because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior,<ref name="Turner & Heiser 71">{{Harvnb|Turner|Heiser|2000|p=71.}}</ref>{{Efn|The [[troubadour]] [[Bertran de Born]] also called him {{langnf|oc|Richard Oc-e-Non|Yes and No}}, possibly from a reputation for [[wiktionary:terse#Adjective|terseness]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gillingham|first1=John|title=Richard the Lionheart|page=243|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|year=1978|isbn=978-0-8129-0802-2}}</ref>}} o kpaŋmaŋa ni daa nyɛ din mali yaa pam zuɣu ni o tɔbu tuhiri' yaa zuɣu n-daa che ka o leei England Tingbani dana 1189 zaŋ chaŋ o kum 1199. O daa lahi gɔri Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, mini Gascony; Lord of Cyprus; Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, mini Nantes; ka daa nyɛ overlord of Brittany times shɛŋa same period puuni. O daa nyɛ 3rd 5 sons Henry II of England mini Eleanor of Aquitaine, ka di zuɣu bɛ daa bi tɛhi ni o yɛn lebi king, amaa o mabihi kpɛma 2 daa kpi poi ni bɛ ba. O ni daa nyɛ yuma 16, Richard daa deei command o army maŋa, ka kariti rebellions Poitou ni bɛ daa kpa o ba zuɣu. Richard daa nyɛ important Christian commander Third Crusade saha, ka daa lead campaign Philip II of France ni yi nyaaŋa. O ni daa deei victories pam o Muslim counterpart, Saladin, zuɣu nyaaŋa, bɛ daa chɛ o ni o naai o campaign without retaking Jerusalem. Richard tooi yɛri French mini Occitan, ka based Roger of Howden testimony, most likely baŋdi Middle English. Bɛ dɔɣi o la England, ni o ni zani o bihi saha; poi ka lebi Duke of Aquitaine, o daa be o adult life pam Duchy of Aquitaine, southwest France. O ni deei crown of England nyaaŋa, o daa zani saha biɛla, tooi 6 months, England. O reign pam daa nyɛ Crusade, captivity, bee actively defending French portions Angevin Empire. Although bɛ daa buɣisi o model king mini paragon chivalry 4 centuries o kum nyaaŋa ka bɛ buɣisi o pious mini chivalrous hero o subjects sani, nyaaŋa historians daa nya o ruler ŋun daa zaŋ kingdom of England as source revenue o armies n-ti gari tiŋa bɛ ni zaŋ n-ti o stewardship. "Little England" view Richard ŋɔ daa be increasing scrutiny modern scholars sani ban buɣisi li anachronistic ka wuhi o wider continental responsibilities ruler. '''Early life mini accession Aquitaine - Childhood''' Richard bɛ dɔɣi o 8 September 1157, tooi Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, son King Henry II of England mini Eleanor of Aquitaine. O daa nyɛ younger brother William, Henry the Young King, mini Matilda; William daa kpi poi ni Richard dɔɣim. As younger son Henry II, Richard bɛ daa bi tɛhi ni o yɛn du throne. 4 more children bɛ daa dɔɣi King Henry mini Queen Eleanor: Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan, mini John. Richard daa lahi mali half-sisters 2 o ma first marriage Louis VII of France: Marie mini Alix. Bɛ tooi buɣisi Richard o ma favourite son. O ba Angevin-Norman lineage daa chɛ Richard great-great-grandson William the Conqueror. Contemporary historian Ralph de Diceto daa trace o family tree Matilda of Scotland zaŋ chaŋ Anglo-Saxon kings England, including Alfred the Great. Dini, legend daa zaŋ ba Noah mini Woden. According Angevin family tradition, bɛ ancestry daa mali 'infernal blood': bɛ daa claim descent fairy, bee female demon, Melusine. O ba ni daa gɔri o lands Scotland to France, Richard tooi zani o childhood England. O first recorded visit European continent daa nyɛ May 1165, o ma ni zaŋ o Normandy. O wet nurse daa nyɛ Hodierna of St Albans, ŋun o daa ti generous pension o ni lebi king nyaaŋa. Biɛla n daa mi Richard education. Although bɛ dɔɣi o Oxford ka wumsi o England hali o yuma 8, bi mi to what extent o daa zaŋ bee baŋdi English; o daa nyɛ educated nira ŋun ŋmɛri poetry ka sabiri Limousin (lenga d'òc) mini French. O captivity saha, o brother John daa calculatedly zaŋ English prejudice foreigners n-ti ni o destroy authority Richard chancellor, William Longchamp, Norman. John supporter Hugh Nonant specifically daa yɛli ni Longchamp bi tooi yɛri English, indicating late 12th century, ban be positions authority England bɛ daa bɔri ni bɛ baŋ English. Richard bɛ daa yɛli o nyɛ very attractive; o hair daa be red mini blond sunsuuni, o nimbila daa nyɛ light-eyed pale complexion. According Clifford Brewer, o daa nyɛ 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m), although di nyɛ unverifiable since o remains daa kɔŋ at least French Revolution. John, o youngest brother, bɛ daa mi o 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m). Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi, Latin prose narrative Third Crusade, yɛli: "O daa waɣa, elegant build; colour o hair daa be red mini gold sunsuuni; o limbs daa nyɛ supple mini straight. O daa mali long arms suited wielding sword. O long legs matched rest o body". Marriage alliances, common medieval royalty, tooi chɛ political alliances mini peace treaties, additionally chɛ families stake claims succession each other lands zuɣu. March 1159, bɛ daa arrange Richard yɛn kpuɣi yino daughters Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona; amaa arrangements ŋɔ daa bi niŋ, marriage bi daa bi niŋ. Henry the Young King daa kpuɣi Margaret, daughter Louis VII of France, 2 November 1160. Despite alliance ŋɔ Plantagenets mini Capetians, dynasty French throne, 2 houses ŋɔ sometimes daa be conflict. 1168, intercession Pope Alexander III daa bɔri ni bɛ secure truce bɛ sunsuuni. Henry II daa deei Brittany ka deei control Gisors mini Vexin, din daa be part Margaret dowry. Early 1160s bɛ daa yɛli Richard tu ni o kpuɣi Alys, Countess of the Vexin, 4th daughter Louis VII; rivalry kings England mini France zuɣu, Louis daa kari marriage. Peace treaty bɛ daa secure January 1169 ka Richard betrothal Alys bɛ daa confirm. Henry II daa plan divide o mini Eleanor territories bɛ 3 eldest surviving sons sunsuuni: Henry yɛn lebi King of England ka mali control Anjou, Maine, mini Normandy; Richard yɛn deei Aquitaine mini Poitiers o ma sani; Geoffrey yɛn lebi Duke of Brittany marriage Constance, heir presumptive Conan IV. Ceremony ni Richard betrothal bɛ daa confirm, o daa paɣi homage king of France Aquitaine n-ti, ka secure ties vassalage 2 maa sunsuuni. Henry II ni daa be seriously ill 1170 nyaaŋa, o daa enact o plan divide o territories, nevertheless retaining overall authority o sons mini bɛ holdings zuɣu. O son Henry bɛ daa kpaɣi heir apparent June 1170. 1171 Richard daa yi Aquitaine o ma nyaaŋa; Henry II daa ti o duchy Aquitaine Eleanor suhigu. Richard mini o ma daa gili tour Aquitaine 1171 attempt pacify locals. Bɛ zaa, bɛ daa zaŋ foundation stone St Augustine Monastery Limoges. June 1172, age 14, Richard bɛ daa formally recognize Duke of Aquitaine mini Count of Poitou o ni deei lance mini banner emblems o office; ceremony daa niŋ Poitiers ka labi repeat Limoges, ni o daa ye ring St Valerie, personification Aquitaine. '''Revolt against Henry II''' According Ralph of Coggeshall, Henry the Young King daa piligi rebellion Henry II; o daa bɔri ni o gɔri independently at least part territory o ba ni daa promise o, ka yi o dependence Henry II, ŋun daa gɔri purse strings. Rumors daa be ni Eleanor tooi encourage o sons ni bɛ kpa revolt bɛ ba. Henry the Young King daa yi o ba ka labi French court, bɔri protection Louis VII; o mabihi Richard mini Geoffrey daa doli o yomyom, 5-year-old John daa kpalim England. Louis daa ti o support 3 brothers ka even knight Richard, ka laɣim ba vassalage gbaŋ ni. Jordan Fantosme, contemporary poet, daa buɣisi rebellion "war without love". French court, brothers daa pɔ oath ni bɛ bi yɛn maŋ terms Henry II without consent Louis VII mini French barons. Louis support, Henry the Young King daa deei barons pam o cause gbaŋ ni promises land mini money; yino baron ŋɔ, Philip I, Count of Flanders, bɛ daa promise £1,000 mini castles several. Brothers daa lahi mali supporters ready yi England. Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester, daa laɣim forces Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, mini William I of Scotland rebellion Suffolk. Alliance Louis initially daa nyɛ nasara, July 1173 rebels daa be besieging Aumale, Neuf-Marché, mini Verneuil, Hugh de Kevelioc daa deei Dol Brittany. Richard daa chaŋ Poitou ka yi barons loyal o maŋa mini o ma rebellion Henry II supporters Aquitaine zuɣu. Bɛ daa gbaai Eleanor, ka chɛ Richard ni o lead campaign Henry II supporters Aquitaine o maŋa. O daa chaŋ ni o deei La Rochelle amaa inhabitants daa kari o; o daa yi city Saintes, ni o ni zaŋ as base operations. Meanwhile, Henry II daa yi very expensive army gari 20,000 mercenaries ni o kpa rebellion. O daa chaŋ Verneuil, Louis daa yi o forces. Army daa lahi deei Dol ka subdue Brittany. At this point Henry II daa ti offer peace o sons; Louis saɣisigu, offer bɛ daa kari. Henry II forces daa deei Saintes surprise ka gbaai much o garrison, although Richard daa zo small group soldiers nyaaŋa. O daa zo refuge Château de Taillebourg rest war. Henry the Young King mini Count of Flanders daa plan ni bɛ land England n sɔŋ rebellion led Earl of Leicester. Anticipating ŋɔ, Henry II daa labi England 500 soldiers mini o prisoners (including Eleanor mini o sons wives mini fiancées), amaa o arrival o daa nya rebellion already collapse. William I of Scotland mini Hugh Bigod bɛ daa gbaai 13 mini 25 July respectively. Henry II daa labi France ka yi siege Rouen, ni Henry the Young King daa pahi Louis VII o ni yi o plan invade England nyaaŋa. Bɛ daa di Louis ka dihi peace treaty September 1174, Treaty of Montlouis. Terms Henry II mini Louis VII 8 September 1174 truce specifically daa kari Richard. Louis ni yi o ka wary facing o ba army battle, Richard daa chaŋ Henry II court Poitiers 23 September ka bɔhi forgiveness, kumdi ka luri o ba naba zuɣu. Henry daa ti Richard kiss of peace. Days biɛla nyaaŋa, Richard brothers daa pahi o bɔri reconciliation bɛ ba nyaaŋa. Terms 3 brothers daa saɣi daa nyɛ less generous than Henry ni daa propose earlier conflict (saha Richard bɛ daa ti 4 castles Aquitaine mini half income duchy): Richard bɛ daa ti control 2 castles Poitou mini half income Aquitaine; Henry the Young King bɛ daa ti 2 castles Normandy; Geoffrey bɛ daa chɛ half Brittany. Eleanor daa kpalim Henry II prisoner hali o kum, partly insurance Richard good behaviour. '''Final years Henry II reign''' War nyaaŋa, process pacifying provinces ŋan daa kpa revolt Henry II daa piligi. King daa gɔri Anjou purpose ŋɔ, Geoffrey daa deal Brittany. January 1175, bɛ daa zaŋ Richard Aquitaine ni o ŋmɛ barons ban daa tu o. Historian John Gillingham notes chronicle Roger of Howden n nyɛ main source Richard activities this period. According chronicle, castles pam belonging rebels daa tu ni bɛ labi state bɛ ni daa be 15 days poi ni war outbreak, shɛŋa daa tu ni bɛ wurim. Given by this time di daa nyɛ common castles bɛ maŋ stone, barons pam daa expand bee refortify bɛ castles, ŋɔ daa bi nyɛ easy task. Roger of Howden daa sabi two-month siege Castillon-sur-Agen; while castle daa "notoriously strong", Richard siege engines daa ŋmɛ defenders zaŋ chaŋ submission. Campaign ŋɔ puuni, Richard daa deei yuli "the Lion" bee "Lionheart" o noble, brave mini fierce leadership zuɣu. Bɛ booni o "this our lion" (hic leo noster) as early as 1187 Topographia Hibernica Giraldus Cambrensis, while byname "lionheart" (le quor de lion) first recorded Ambroise L'Estoire de la Guerre Sainte context Accon campaign 1191. Henry daa bi bɔri ni o zaŋ o sons resources din tooi zaŋ against o. Bɛ daa tɛhi o daa deei Alys of France, Richard betrothed, as o mistress. Ŋɔ daa chɛ marriage Richard mini Alys technically impossible Church nini, amaa Henry daa prevaricate: o daa buɣisi Alys dowry, Vexin Île-de-France, valuable. Richard bɛ daa kari renouncing Alys because o nyɛ sister King Philip II of France, close ally. After failing overthrow o ba, Richard daa zaŋ o jilma ni o kariti internal revolts nobles Aquitaine, especially territory Gascony, ni increasing cruelty o rule daa chɛ major revolt 1179. Re-bɔri ni bɛ dethrone Richard, rebels daa bɔri help o brothers Henry mini Geoffrey. Turning point daa kana Charente Valley spring 1179. Well-defended fortress Taillebourg daa yiɣisi impregnable. Castle daa gili cliff 3 sides mini town 3-layer wall 4th. Richard tuui daa wurim ka ku farms mini lands surrounding fortress, ka chɛ defenders no reinforcements bee lines retreat. Garrison daa yi castle ka attack Richard; o daa subdue army nyaaŋa ka doli defenders inside open gates, ni o ni tooi deei castle days 2 puuni. Richard victory Taillebourg daa kari barons pam rebellion, ka chɛ ba instead yɛli loyalty o. 1181-82, Richard daa kpa revolt over succession county Angoulême. O opponents daa labi Philip II of France support n-ti, zabli daa yɛli Limousin mini Périgord. Excessive cruelty Richard punitive campaigns daa yiɣisi even more hostility. Richard ni subdue o rebellious barons nyaaŋa, o daa lahi challenge o ba. 1180 to 1183 tension father mini son daa du, Henry II daa command Richard ni o paɣi homage Henry the Young King, amaa Richard daa kari. Finally, 1183, younger Henry mini Geoffrey of Brittany daa invade Aquitaine attempt subdue Richard. Richard barons daa pahi fray ka taɣi bɛ duke. Amaa, Richard mini o army daa di holding back invading armies, ka ku prisoners pam. Conflict daa vuhim briefly June 1183, Young King ni kpi. O elder brother kum nyaaŋa, Richard daa lebi eldest surviving son ka di zuɣu heir English crown. Henry II daa bɔhi ni Richard chɛ Aquitaine (o ni daa plan ti o youngest son, John, as o inheritance). Richard daa kari, conflict daa tuɣi o mini o ba sunsuuni. Finally, King daa zaŋ Queen Eleanor prison puuni, zaŋ o Aquitaine, ka bɔhi ni Richard labi ti possession o lands o ma. Meanwhile, 1186, Geoffrey daa kpi tournament. O daa mali daughter, Eleanor, mini posthumous son, Arthur. <references /> c3ulu5poit6ar055fuamlexunu09iou