Wikipiideɛ dgawiki https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gamp%C9%9Bl%C9%9B_zu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Duoro bimbu zie Be o yoŋ Yeli Toma daana Toma daana yeli Wikipedia Wikipedia yeli Duoro kɔre Duoro kɔre yeli MediaWiki MediaWiki yeli Tɛmpileti Tɛmpileti yeli Sombo Sombo yeli Gbuli Gbuli yeli TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia 0 542 61115 6893 2026-05-27T23:59:39Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 61115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia, Vice President of the Republic of Ghana.jpg|thumb|'''Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia, Ghana yidaandɔɔpotuuro''']] Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia waa la a Ghana yidaandɔɔ potuuro naŋ tuuro Nba Nana Akufo Addo a yuoni 2016 te 2024 poɔ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230325221902/https://ghanaceosummit.com/speaker/mahamudu-bawumia/</ref> [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] rbvrae8370y1fw0s7w6m77ritqrf9yx Kaleo 0 837 61116 45260 2026-05-28T01:59:44Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 61116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q15045822}} '''Kaleo''' e la tembile kaŋa naŋ be Ɔpa Wɛse Irigiŋ [[Ghana|Gaana]] Kaleo na eɛ teŋa kaŋa naŋ be Nadowli _Kaleo District POƆ,noba naŋ be Kaleo maŋ yeli la ba kɔkɔre maŋlaalii,kyɛ la waa moosi neŋ Dagaaba, a yie ŋmama zaa waa la pii ne ayi aseŋ Sangu, Puuyiri,bana la tendemee ka ŊMyaari,Nazieyiri,Goyiri,Nyaŋayiri, Buomuni,Bayaoyiri ba na meŋ diri naaloŋ a Kaleo paaloŋ poɔ. <ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20221208221019/https://travelplanner.app/destinations/ghana/upper-west-region/kaleo/</ref> == Bezie == A teŋɛ ŋa be la [[Nadowli-Kaleo Desekyere]] poɔ, a [[Upper West Region|ɔpa wɛse Irigiŋ]] poɔ Gaana, peɛle a torebogi ne [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name=":1">https://www.google.com/maps/place/10%C2%B010'25.0%22N+2%C2%B032'31.0%22W/@10.1736111,-2.5419444,386m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x49bd0050052cf7c9!8m2!3d10.1736111!4d-2.5419444</ref> Kaleo be zie ta la ŋa 27.5 kilometres (17 mi) a [[Nadowli]] teŋɛ, a desekyere headquarters kɔmpare saazu sɛŋ.<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kaleo,+Ghana/Nadowli,+Ghana/@10.2824778,-2.6012928,34954m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xfcd61530b42c95f:0x111abf437025d075!2m2!1d-2.5470339!2d10.1744823!1m5!1m1!1s0xfcd445b73639737:0x1e6e8db11eb84418!2m2!1d-2.6636066!2d10.3668941!3e0</ref> O naŋ baŋ e ŋa 18.5 kilometres (11mi) a teŋkpoŋ [[Wa]] saazu-Luo sɛŋ, a ɔpa wɛse zaa teŋkpoŋ Gaana.<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kaleo,+Ghana/Wa,+Ghana/@10.0111468,-2.6675393,49474m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xfcd61530b42c95f:0x111abf437025d075!2m2!1d-2.5470339!2d10.1744823!1m5!1m1!1s0xfcd7cd8a11667df:0x7011cb72ef706fdc!2m2!1d-2.5098914!2d10.0600742!3e0</ref> Kaleo bezie naŋ baŋ ta ŋa 714 kilometres (444mi) Accra saazu-Luo sɛŋ, a yikpoŋ ane Ghana zaa teŋkpoŋ.<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kaleo,+Ghana/Accra,+Ghana/@9.300372,-3.6053829,667052m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xfcd61530b42c95f:0x111abf437025d075!2m2!1d-2.5470339!2d10.1744823!1m5!1m1!1s0xfdf9084b2b7a773:0xbed14ed8650e2dd3!2m2!1d-0.1869644!2d5.6037168!3e0</ref> A Kaleo gyogerapi-kaal coordinates, Ghana la: 10°10'25.0<nowiki>''</nowiki>N,  2° 32'31.0<nowiki>''</nowiki>W (Latitude : 10.173611;  Longitude ; 2.541944).<ref name=":1" /> A teŋɛ zeŋ ne la an average elevation of 314 metres (1,030ft) above mean sea level.<ref name=":0" /> == Fentindigilii == Kaleo poɔ la ka a [[Kaleo solar power station]] be. A power stations, ba maale a la tɔɛ tɔɛ, a danweɛ soba ba naŋ maale baare, naŋ taa capacity of 13 MW, 2022 poɔ. A ayi soba seŋ ka o kpɛ saseɛ 2023 poɔ naŋ na la paale 15 MW a power station's generation capacity zaa naŋ na lantaa e 28 MW. Volta River Authority deme la da maale o ane banaŋ so o.<ref>https://www.esi-africa.com/renewable-energy/solar/grid-tied-solar-plant-successfully-commission-in-ghana/</ref> == So-tu == A Wa-Lawra sori(Highway N2), naŋ yi a Iriginal yikpoŋ gɛrɛ a [[Lawra]] teŋɛ ne a Burkina Faso toribogi, tu la Kaleo teŋɛ soga a yi a saazu sɛŋ wa gɛrɛ kɔmpare sɛŋ.<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kaleo,+Ghana/@10.1732164,-2.5441386,2599m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0xfcd61530b42c95f:0x111abf437025d075!8m2!3d10.1744823!4d-2.5470339</ref> == Lɛ kaleo naŋ e nyɛ yuori == A yiri ŋa waa la tenkpoŋ naŋ be Nadowli_kaleo district poɔ,A kaleo muni la kanaaloore bonso ba saakom minne da be la maŋane a aŋ koɔ kyɛ yi wa ta ka ba da boɔla kanaaloori bonso ba da yele la lobi a daŋ zeŋ waa lobi kabe boɔla Sangu ka ba da waa tengane deɛme a lɛ puore ka saaba minne wa ka ba deɛ ba biŋ ka ba di naaloŋ koma kyɛ ba da yele la mɔɔsi bonso ba da e moŋe paaloo zuiŋ ka ba paaŋ leɛre a kanaaloore eŋ Kaleo == Sommo Yizie == syg3ns35i6ay5ugz3887s94o3ryw4o4 Kwame Nkrumah 0 965 61117 55483 2026-05-28T02:46:10Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 61117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200615140618/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." === London === Nkrumah da leu gaaye London a May 1945 puong kye kpe a [[London School of Economics]] aŋa a PhD ning‘lugiroo a [[Anthropology]]. O da leu eree a sukuu ‘biihi ‘yuobu ti ta ba bahibu puoring a yuoni pring ung da kpe [[University College London]], ning a nimbi-zie ing ka o seu a bambu bii daanhibu buobu siing lemeleme a "Knowledge and Logical Positivism"<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F649838</ref>. o ningkpong , [[A. J. Ayer]], zaanhibu ka o maahi nye Nkrumah aŋa a "first-class philosopher",a yela , "ing nungla o yela ane a mang ‘wong noo ning o yeliyaga kye o da ba ‘woning wa ung taa haakila . O da buora ‘ihi jugihibu nuori wieng ‘wieng. ing teiha ka tilahi chelee da e la ka o da ba cheliha kpiengaa ko a yelinyogiruu . bila da e la sori nang wono a wagere a gara ka a sori ‘yuobu wa ka o leu gaa Gaana<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ." A baaraa , Nkrumah da kpee , kye da ba baare , a karimbo ko begu a [[Gray's Inn]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah dia o wagere ko paalikaa-yelitare langbo o minga ane Padmore da paahiye a zu-daana lambu ‘yi-diereba, ane libi-kaareba ,ko a Fifth [[Pan-African]] Congress a Manchester (15–19 October 1945)<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC</ref>. A gbebogu-ahiba langbo ‘bigihi ta a ''.''taanhu yelitarihi segihibu ko a vuori saamba wa die paaluu kaara.Ba da sagi a ‘tu bau a federal United States of Africa, ning with liriha taa paaloo lambo, a kaara yi welihibo paalihi ko ngmaa sori berii kpiengu<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-954X.00231</ref>. Ba da segehiye a tu bau ko a new African lasiri kye ba taa dogirii welibu,yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela ning lang’dima tumbo, laanha lanna taaba dangkaari yeli ‘lombori kanga ning bungpaalaa tiehibo , ane ka a bila nga nye yi non-violent wulee ka a na e la tuongbo<ref>http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf</ref>. A paahi noba nang gaa a lambo da e la bungtiinhuu [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] a ning mine nang da dia yidiebo toma ka ba e yi-dieriba ko a paaloo so-n-minga deme a paahi [[Hastings Banda]] of [[Nyasaland]] (nang leu Malawi), [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ko [[Kenya]] ane [[Obafemi Awolowo]] ko[[Nigeria]]<ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==== Increased power of the Convention People's Party ==== A 1962, baapaaba Mɛmbare bata mine naŋ be CPP da taa la eebo kyaare plot ka ba da saa Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ naŋ be a motorcade. A yelmennoŋ naŋ be kyaare a plotters la na da zoe a lɔɔrɛ yineŋ a Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ. A naŋ wuli ka a guguro da bebe la, Nkrumah da iree a guguro o tomaŋ naŋ be a state security court, kyɛ da vɛŋ a CPP-dominated parliament biŋ merɛ kyaare ne a yɛlɛ. A gbɛre boyi soba, dɔba bata zaa da taa kūū yi a yɛlɛ, kyɛ a naŋ wuli ka a nyɔgebo ŋa da wuli ka ba gaa pɔgebo dieŋ a ba nyɔvori gbuli zaa. Yi a be, a begemaale ganne da leɛ taa maalo kaa ba da ko a perɛsidɛn faŋa ka o da iri a gyaagyiri naŋ be a ɔfere naŋ zaa. A 1964, Nkrumah da maalɛɛ begimaaale ganne yɛlɛ leɛroo naŋ na vɛŋ a CPP ka o da e a politikal paate naŋ taa sagedeebo, neŋ Nkrumah ka o e a perɛsidɛn ko a teŋɛ ane a paati.Gane leɛroo da taa la sagedeebo neŋ 99.91 % yi a kɔɔ poɔ vootu bie, naŋ da vɛŋ a noba banaŋ na da kaara ka ba da yeli yelgaalema ka a vootu da eɛ "obviously rigged". Ghana da eɛ teŋɛ neŋ paati yeni yi a ba independence. A leɛroo da vɛŋɛɛ Nkrumah's perɛsidɛn da leɛ gaa a ''de facto'' legal dictatorship. === Civil service === Yi a puori kyaare substantial Africanization ko a civil service a 1952–60, a noɔre ko a expatriates da la zɛge do la saa a 1960 te ta 1965. A noba ba naŋ na kaara yiwaabo zie da ba e a United Kingdom kyɛ da e Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, ane Italy. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222153413/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%25Cold%25Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Chairpersons of the African Union]] [[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in Romania]] [[Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian Christian socialists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966]] [[Category:Ghanaian pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Ministers for the interior of Ghana]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Presidents for life]] [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:United Gold Coast Convention politicians]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian independence activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Marxists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in Romania]] [[Category:Akan people]] [[Category:Imperialism studies]] [[Category:Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Presidents of Guinea]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian Freemasons]] [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] [[Category:Nensaala]] jni33j912rw4fztjvfr5psrs5qr1c6r Ugawood 0 6940 61119 61033 2026-05-28T06:06:05Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 61119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q7877723}} [[Duoro_kɔre:Jayant_Maru.jpg|thumb|Filmmaker Jayant Maru, 2015]] A sinii maaloo zie naŋ be a Uganda meŋ e la a '''Ugawood'''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ugawood, the Way Forward for Film Makers|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805050119.html|work=[[The Monitor (Uganda)|The Monitor]]|date=3 May 2008|access-date=17 November 2009}}</ref> bee wagere mine e '''Kinauganda''' neŋ a locals.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Local Film Distributors Raise the Flag of Kinauganda|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200810130584.html|work=[[The Monitor (Uganda)|The Monitor]]|date=12 October 2008|access-date=17 November 2009}}</ref> A 2005 maaloo ''Feelings Struggle'' naŋ nyɛ daaraatin yi Ashraf Ssemwogerere gaa eɛ a dɛndɛŋ soba ko a Ugawood sinii.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ugawood in, Hollywood, Nollywood out|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artman/publish/its_friday/Ugawood_in_Hollywood_Nollywood_out_79450.shtml|work=[[The Monitor (Uganda)|The Monitor]]|date=7 February 2009|access-date=17 November 2009|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009235742/https://www.monitor.co.ug/artman/publish/its_friday/Ugawood_in_Hollywood_Nollywood_out_79450.shtml/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Noba gyamaa nyɛɛ la a sinii maaloo ama gyamaa zie naŋ baara yie a Hollywood, meŋ naŋ waa yeni a Nollywood ane Bollywood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20791:kayonga-ugawoods-rising-star|title=The Observer|first=Daniel|last=Ogwang|work=observer.ug|access-date=9 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ugscreen.com/gossip.php|title=Ugawood gossip : Ugandan Movies on Ugscreen|access-date=2013-01-28|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213083157/http://www.ugscreen.com/gossip.php|archive-date=2012-12-13}}</ref> A selloo na pukyaare a local newspaper a Uganda kyaare a sinii maaloo zie yuori poruu, filmmakers Kuddzu Isaac, Matt Bish ane Usama Mukwaya da taa la iribu kyaare a Ugawood naŋ da na eɛ a yosonne kyaare a yuori poruu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17873:ugawood-or-kinna-uganda-film-stars-split-over-name|title=The Observer|first=Polly|last=Kamukama|work=observer.ug|access-date=9 July 2016}}</ref> Kyaare English-language wonneba gyamaa zie ane naasal sinii, video jockeys (VJs) commonly overdub a dialogue neŋ leɛroo ko Ugandan languages, primarily Luganda. Ba meŋ maŋ baŋ paalɛɛ bamenne gyogo be ane commentary a vɛŋ ka o e localize a sinii, kyɛ maŋ taa eebo ko a theatrical iribu ane yie sinii.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32531558|title=Uganda's Tarantino and his $200 action movies|work=BBC News|date=2015-05-13|last1=Venema|first1=Vibeke}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Carlos|last1=Mureithi|access-date=2025-09-20|title=Video stars: the booming VJ scene localising Hollywood films for Ugandans|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/03/uganda-video-jockey-scene-movies|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 June 2025|issn=0261-3077|via=The Guardian}}</ref> Patrons also rent DVDs and watch feature films on prime-time TV.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2012/11/cinema-uganda|title=Coming to you live|date=2 Nov 2012|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> A sinii mine taa la eebo yi NGOs sommo yi saakonnoŋ yeltare zuiŋ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/37641724|title=Guno Mukwano? (Is This Love?)|via=vimeo.com}}</ref> A sinii mine meŋ da taa eebo yi DIY equipment ane low production budgets. Neŋ a low production budgets zuiŋ, Uganda's film industry sereŋ taa la maaloo. Isaac Nabwana's Ramon Film Productions, bezie la Wakaliga naŋ kɔgele [[Kampala]], da maalɛɛ 40 low-budget eebo sinii sere. A maaloo zie yuori da la 2010 sinii ''Who Killed Captain Alex?'', ka a daaroo e $85 ka fooŋ na maale a.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://doubletoasted.com/shows/what-up-son-live-945-pm-cst-5/|title=ALAN HOFMANIS INTERVIEW – What Up, Son?! LIVE @ 9:30 PM CST|website=Double Toasted|date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> A sinii maaloo zie soma la kyɛ naŋ waa acclaimed film player yi 2013. Jayant Maru ko MAHJ maaloo naŋ da e ko a Uganda gems a BOX Office teseŋ a ''The Route'',<ref>{{citation|url=http://english.cntv.cn/2014/05/05/VIDE1399235397335242.shtml#.U3pKWlhiOsQ.twitter|title=Uganda's filmmakers aim big|website=CCTV News|date=May 5, 2014|access-date=2017-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015041/http://english.cntv.cn/2014/05/05/VIDE1399235397335242.shtml#.U3pKWlhiOsQ.twitter|archive-date=2017-11-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''K3NT & KAT3'',<ref>{{citation|url=http://stagebrief.co.ug/news-and-reviews/2014/EXCLUSIVE-Jayant-Maru-Talks-K3NT-and-KAT3-in-Interview.html|title=EXCLUSIVE: Jayant Maru Talks K3NT & KAT3 in Interview|website=Stagebrief|date=December 17, 2014|first1=Peter|last1=Odongo|access-date=2017-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007124539/http://stagebrief.co.ug/news-and-reviews/2014/EXCLUSIVE-Jayant-Maru-Talks-K3NT-and-KAT3-in-Interview.html|archive-date=2015-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> ane ''Sipi'', naŋ da ba taa iribu kyaare tendaa gyamaa tige kyɛ meŋ wa neŋ gyamaa ko a accolades, kyɛ meŋ ba inni a o sinii naŋ be a Amazon Prime plus in-flight deɛnoo gbalaa.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2014/02/ugandan-film-route-directed-by-jayant.html|title=Spotlight on Ugandan Film 'THE ROUTE' Directed by Jayant Maru|website=WaAfrika Online|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119094524/http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2014/02/ugandan-film-route-directed-by-jayant.html|archive-date=Nov 19, 2023}}</ref> A Uganda Communications Commission la da maale a Uganda Film Festival ka o duori a sinii maaloo zie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ugandafilmfestival.ug/about-the-festival/background-and-objectives/|title=» Background and Objectives|website=Uganda Film Festival|access-date=2022-06-12|archive-date=2020-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224080804/http://ugandafilmfestival.ug/about-the-festival/background-and-objectives/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A 2013, a sinii naŋ e ''State Research Bureau'' da nyɛɛ kyɔɔtaɛ anaare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ugandafilmfestival.ug/2013-award-winners/|title=» 2013 Award Winners|access-date=2015-05-17|archive-date=2018-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710010428/http://ugandafilmfestival.ug/2013-award-winners/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A 2014, ''The Felistas Fable'' da nyɛɛ kyɔɔtaɛ anaare, te paale a Best Director ko Dilman Dila. A [[Pearl International Film Festival]] na maŋ taa eebo yuoni la yuoni zaa a [[Kampala]]. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * List of Ugandan films ; Filmmakers * Jayant Maru * Matt Bish * Mariam Ndagire * Isaac Nabwana ; Studios * Wakaliwood [[Category: Dagaare]] [[Category: gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Sini]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == * [https://www.djerycom.ug/videos Watch Ugandan Movies Online] Official Movie Site * [http://wakaliwood.com/ Wakaliwood] Official Site * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241113184118/https://devossmedia.com/ Devoss Media] movie database * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906122841/http://www.kampalafilmschool.org/country/uganda Kampala Film School] Uganda * [http://maishafilmlab.org/country/uganda/ Maisha Film Lab] Uganda * {{YouTube|sy0OOVTmsJI|The New Wave of Ultra-Violent Ugandan DIY Action Cinema: Wakaliwood}}. == Sommo Yelzie == cwbd9wpn5kpmjpt2nimkdjhvwsk961y Souleymane Cissé 0 6993 61118 61078 2026-05-28T05:28:10Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 61118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Souleymane Cissé''' (21 April 1940 – 19 February 2025) da e la Malian sini maala, ka o da a African sini maala <ref name=":0">https://press.moma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/TSAP-2022-Schedule.12.23.21.update.pdf</ref>nenkpoŋ kaŋa. Ba da boɔlɔ o la a African nenkpoŋ naŋ voorɔ sini maala,<ref name=":1">https://bostonphoenix.com/boston/movies/reviews/documents/02004517.htm</ref> kyɛ ka o sini Yeelen ka ba boɔlɔ o a African sini kpoŋ naŋ daŋ maale.<ref>http://chicagoreader.com/arts-culture/brightness-yeleen/</ref> O da e la a sini maala dɛŋdɛŋ a Sub-Saharan Africa naŋ nyɛ kyɔɔtaare, a Cannes sini tigiri a yuoni 1987 poɔ a ko a o sini ŋa Yeelen.<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/tous-les-cin%C3%A9mas-du-monde/20250225-hommage-%C3%A0-souleymane-ciss%C3%A9-pionnier-du-cin%C3%A9ma-africain</ref> == Nyɔvore yɛlɛ ane o toma == Ba dɔge o la Bamako ka ba guuluu a Yɛre puoruu poɔ, Souleymane Cissé da boɔrɔ la sini yɛlɛ o bile saŋ zaa. O gaa la sɛkondere sakuuri Dakar a leɛ wa Mali a yuoni 1960 poɔ a wagere na a Mali demɛ naŋ faa ba minne yi a naasaaleba nuure poɔ.<ref name=":3">https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20150512-souleymane-cisse-doyen-cinema-africain-festival-cannes</ref> O sini toma piili la wagere na o naŋ sonno ka ba yɛle yɛlɛ ne a Patrice Lumumba. A ŋaa vɛŋɛɛ la ka o boɔrɔ o meŋɛ sini maaloo, ka o nyɛ zunuo a Gerasimov Institute ko a Cinematography, <ref name=":2">https://www.festival-cannes.com/fr/festival/artiste/souleymane-cisse</ref>a Moscow sakuuri a Cinema tiivi toma. A yuoni 1970 poɔ o leɛ wa la Mali a wa poɔ a gɔbenenti gbambɛre na naŋ kaara a yelyaga toma poɔ a wa e enfuoni ŋmaara, be la ka maale yɛlɛ yaga ane sini ŋmaara. Yuomo ayi puoriŋ, o maale la o sini naŋ ba e wogi kyɛ ba la,e,ŋmaa meŋ, ''Cinq jours d’une vie'' (''Five Days in a Life''), naŋ manne selloo naŋ kyaare bɔlebile kaŋa na yi Qur'anic sakuuri poɔ a e naŋnyige sori zu. ''Cinq Jours'' ''piili la a'' Carthage sini tigiri. A yuoni 1974 poɔ, Cissé maale o sini dɛŋdɛŋ naŋ e wogi a Bambara kɔkɔre poɔ, ''Den muso'' ( a pɔgelee), a selloo kyaare la pɔgelee naŋ e dendewo ka ba fere gaŋ ne. A pɔgelee da taa la poɔ, ka o yi deme ne a bie ba zaa zagere o bare. ''Den muso'' ba da kare o la bare ayi a Malian gɔbenenti lisiri poɔ kyɛ ba da nyɔge Cissé meŋ pɔge ane a lɛ o naŋ e ka o sage a a French bɛgɛ. Cissé da ba baŋ bone na eŋɛ ba naŋ nyɔge o, kyɛ.o naŋ da be a nenpoɔge die poɔ, o da sɛge la a o sini kaŋa ba naŋ na la deɛ ka o la Baara (Toma)<ref name=":2" />. Cissé da baare la a yi a sini ŋa gbaŋgbale yuomo anaare puoriŋ, ka o nyɛ a Yenenga's Talon kyɔɔtaare a Fespaco a 1979<ref>http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2019/07/07/il-cinema-ritrovato-2019-who-put-the-pan-in-pan-african-cinema/</ref> yuoni poɔ. A yuoni 1982 poɔ, Cissé maale la ''Finyé'' (''Saseɛ''), naŋ manne sello kyaare ne a Malian baapaaleba ba naŋ ba sage ka ba iri maane ba posaanaa kyaare yɛlɛ mine. A ŋaa vɛŋɛɛ la ka o la nyɛ a kyɔɔtaare ayi soba a Yenenga's Talon, a 1983's Fespaco. A yi a yuoni 1984 ane a yuoni 1987 poɔ, o maale la e ''Yeelen'' ( Veɛloŋ bee kyãã), a sini naŋ kpaana a Jury kyɔɔtaare a 1987 Cannes sini tigiri , ka o a African sini dɛŋdɛŋ naŋ nyɛ a kyɔɔtaare a tigiri dakoroŋ zaa. Ka ba maŋ yele ka o toŋkpoŋ la a lɛ, Cissé zeŋ la peɛroo zie a ko a ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110822165732/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/431/year/1987.html</ref> a uele ka o e kyɛlɛɛ e la European lanzemmo sini, ka o da boɔrɔ ka o yele kyaare lɛ na a nempeɛle noba naŋ nyɛ o bammo, sakugaa zaa e la ba teɛroŋ.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/38335526</ref> A yuoni 1995, o maale la ''Waati'' (''wagere''), naŋ ŋmɛ ne kyakya a Palme d'Or a a yuoni 1995 Cannes sini tigiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120308165242/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3355/year/1995.html</ref> A yuoni 2009 poɔ, maale la lamaale sini naŋ yele kyaare pɔge yaga deebo, a yi ba yeleree poɔ, wagere na o na ne o yɔɔmine banii lɛ na ba naŋ na yi ba yiri poɔ a yuoni 1988 poɔ. A sini poɔ ''O Ka'' ( te yiri ), teɛre la a zɔɔre kyaare ne o yɔɔpuuli wagere na ba naŋ da kare ba bare a yiri poɔ a Bamako <ref name=":3" />poɔ. Cissé da e la UCECAO nenkpoŋ, a Union ko a Creators ane Entrepreneurs a Cinema ane Audiovisual Arts a Western Africa poɔ. O yɔɔbidɔɔ e la sini maala a Alioune Ifra Ndiaye.<ref>https://www.afriquemagazine.com/alioune-ifra-ndiaye-de-la-sc%C3%A8ne-%C3%A0-lengagement-politique</ref> Cissé da nyɛ la 'Carrosse d'Or' kyɔɔtaare a 2023 yuoni Cannes sini tigiri, wa wulu a o sini veɛloŋ ne tegeroŋ<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/440581/</ref>. A kyɔɔtaare bɔre la o die poɔ a Bamako poɔ ka ba yeli ka ba zu o la a 29 April 2024. A o nɔroo ŋa vɛŋɛɛ la noba enne ba yuoro a Mali poɔ, a vɛŋɛɛ la noba lantaa a na bɔ a kyɔɔtaare ŋa a leɛ de ko o ka wulu a ba teŋɛ lisiri tegeroŋ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240609130911/https://apanews.net/filmmaker-souleymance-cisses-carrosse-dor-disappears-in-mali/</ref> == Kuuŋ == Cissé bkpi la a Bamako asibiti, Mali a 19 February 2025, wagere na o naŋ nyɛ yuomo 84. A ba kɔɔre sɛre ka o kpi, ba e la ka o e a dakogi zu soba ko "fiction feature film" jury a 29th edition ko Fespaco, a 22 February, a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso poɔ<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/culture/20250219-le-r%C3%A9alisateur-malien-souleymane-ciss%C3%A9-l-un-des-p%C3%A8res-du-cin%C3%A9ma-africain-est-mort</ref>. == Legacy and style == Souleymane Cissé e la a African sini maala kaŋa noba naŋ baŋ a yuono lizare dakoroŋ, ka o toma wulu a a Africa Cinema baabo a lanne; nimitɔɔre gaabo kyaare ne a a ba saakonnoo<ref name=":0" />. Cissé meŋ ba boɔle o la selloŋ kpeɛŋaa sɛgere nenkpoŋ, ka a sonno a yelseɛlɛ a mundane maale bimbo poɔ." O sini noba baŋ ne a la a naŋ e a sɔgyare toma, libifa ane baaloŋ, ane a Bamako's pɔgeba ne baapaaleba yɛlɛ<ref name=":1" />. == Sini o naŋ maale == * ''L’aspirant'' (short film, 1968) * ''Source d’inspiration'' (short film, 1968) * ''Dégal à Dialloubé'' (1970) * ''Fête du Sanké'' (1971) * ''Cinq jours d’une vie'' (1972) * ''Den muso'' (1975) * ''L’homme et ses idoles'' (short film, 1975) * ''Baara'' (1978) * ''Chanteurs traditionnels des Iles Seychelles'' (1978) * ''Finye'' (1982) * ''Yeelen'' (1987) * ''Waati'' (1995) * ''Tell Me Who You Are'' (2009) * ''O Sembene!'' (2013) * ''Our House'' (2015) == Sommo yizie == 7s81qbr2rnpilqjb86sxcd4n9yih5cc