Wikipiideɛ dgawiki https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gamp%C9%9Bl%C9%9B_zu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Duoro bimbu zie Be o yoŋ Yeli Toma daana Toma daana yeli Wikipedia Wikipedia yeli Duoro kɔre Duoro kɔre yeli MediaWiki MediaWiki yeli Tɛmpileti Tɛmpileti yeli Sombo Sombo yeli Gbuli Gbuli yeli TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 965 63654 62369 2026-08-03T18:23:47Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200615140618/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." === London === Nkrumah da leu gaaye London a May 1945 puong kye kpe a [[London School of Economics]] aŋa a PhD ning‘lugiroo a [[Anthropology]]. O da leu eree a sukuu ‘biihi ‘yuobu ti ta ba bahibu puoring a yuoni pring ung da kpe [[University College London]], ning a nimbi-zie ing ka o seu a bambu bii daanhibu buobu siing lemeleme a "Knowledge and Logical Positivism"<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F649838</ref>. o ningkpong , [[A. J. Ayer]], zaanhibu ka o maahi nye Nkrumah aŋa a "first-class philosopher",a yela , "ing nungla o yela ane a mang ‘wong noo ning o yeliyaga kye o da ba ‘woning wa ung taa haakila . O da buora ‘ihi jugihibu nuori wieng ‘wieng. ing teiha ka tilahi chelee da e la ka o da ba cheliha kpiengaa ko a yelinyogiruu . bila da e la sori nang wono a wagere a gara ka a sori ‘yuobu wa ka o leu gaa Gaana<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ." A baaraa , Nkrumah da kpee , kye da ba baare , a karimbo ko begu a [[Gray's Inn]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah dia o wagere ko paalikaa-yelitare langbo o minga ane Padmore da paahiye a zu-daana lambu ‘yi-diereba, ane libi-kaareba ,ko a Fifth [[Pan-African]] Congress a Manchester (15–19 October 1945)<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC</ref>. A gbebogu-ahiba langbo ‘bigihi ta a ''.''taanhu yelitarihi segihibu ko a vuori saamba wa die paaluu kaara.Ba da sagi a ‘tu bau a federal United States of Africa, ning with liriha taa paaloo lambo, a kaara yi welihibo paalihi ko ngmaa sori berii kpiengu<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-954X.00231</ref>. Ba da segehiye a tu bau ko a new African lasiri kye ba taa dogirii welibu,yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela ning lang’dima tumbo, laanha lanna taaba dangkaari yeli ‘lombori kanga ning bungpaalaa tiehibo , ane ka a bila nga nye yi non-violent wulee ka a na e la tuongbo<ref>http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf</ref>. A paahi noba nang gaa a lambo da e la bungtiinhuu [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] a ning mine nang da dia yidiebo toma ka ba e yi-dieriba ko a paaloo so-n-minga deme a paahi [[Hastings Banda]] of [[Nyasaland]] (nang leu Malawi), [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ko [[Kenya]] ane [[Obafemi Awolowo]] ko[[Nigeria]]<ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==== Increased power of the Convention People's Party ==== A 1962, baapaaba Mɛmbare bata mine naŋ be CPP da taa la eebo kyaare plot ka ba da saa Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ naŋ be a motorcade. A yelmennoŋ naŋ be kyaare a plotters la na da zoe a lɔɔrɛ yineŋ a Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ. A naŋ wuli ka a guguro da bebe la, Nkrumah da iree a guguro o tomaŋ naŋ be a state security court, kyɛ da vɛŋ a CPP-dominated parliament biŋ merɛ kyaare ne a yɛlɛ. A gbɛre boyi soba, dɔba bata zaa da taa kūū yi a yɛlɛ, kyɛ a naŋ wuli ka a nyɔgebo ŋa da wuli ka ba gaa pɔgebo dieŋ a ba nyɔvori gbuli zaa. Yi a be, a begemaale ganne da leɛ taa maalo kaa ba da ko a perɛsidɛn faŋa ka o da iri a gyaagyiri naŋ be a ɔfere naŋ zaa. A 1964, Nkrumah da maalɛɛ begimaaale ganne yɛlɛ leɛroo naŋ na vɛŋ a CPP ka o da e a politikal paate naŋ taa sagedeebo, neŋ Nkrumah ka o e a perɛsidɛn ko a teŋɛ ane a paati.Gane leɛroo da taa la sagedeebo neŋ 99.91 % yi a kɔɔ poɔ vootu bie, naŋ da vɛŋ a noba banaŋ na da kaara ka ba da yeli yelgaalema ka a vootu da eɛ "obviously rigged". Ghana da eɛ teŋɛ neŋ paati yeni yi a ba independence. A leɛroo da vɛŋɛɛ Nkrumah's perɛsidɛn da leɛ gaa a ''de facto'' legal dictatorship. === Civil service === Yi a puori kyaare substantial Africanization ko a civil service a 1952–60, a noɔre ko a expatriates da la zɛge do la saa a 1960 te ta 1965. A noba ba naŋ na kaara yiwaabo zie da ba e a United Kingdom kyɛ da e Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, ane Italy. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofrevolu0000nkru |date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahfath0000birm |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |url=https://archive.org/details/nyerereafricaend0000mwak |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nyerereafricaend0000mwak/page/347 347]–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000unse_z3j7 |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000unse_z3j7/page/217 217]–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222153413/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%25Cold%25Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Chairpersons of the African Union]] [[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in Romania]] [[Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian Christian socialists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966]] [[Category:Ghanaian pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Ministers for the interior of Ghana]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Presidents for life]] [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:United Gold Coast Convention politicians]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian independence activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Marxists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in Romania]] [[Category:Akan people]] [[Category:Imperialism studies]] [[Category:Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Presidents of Guinea]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian Freemasons]] [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] [[Category:Nensaala]] 1y5x7h3gd5txsehiodqubal0vp1mqml 0 966 63668 51913 2026-08-03T18:41:12Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1654025}} '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology''' ('''KNUST)''' eɛ "public" Yunivesniti aŋ be a Gaana poɔ.<ref>https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/kwame-nkrumah-university-science-technology-529441</ref> Ka o yelinimbi zuiŋ la ka o te mɛ bee maale neŋ "Science and Technology" yɛlɛ. A "Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology" eɛ "public" Yuniveniti aŋ be a [[Ghana]] poɔ, a la e a sakuu kpoŋ ne kaŋa na be a "Kumasi Metropolis" neŋ a "Ashanti Region" gyaa aŋ be a Ghana poɔ. Ka e naŋ kaa a "KNUST" maalibu te gyɛɡɛɛ a Nba Agyeman Prempeh I, a Kumasi naa paaloŋ Nakpoŋ teɛhuuŋ, ka ka O mɛ Yuniveniti a Kumasi poɔ te gyɛɡe a Kumasi naa paaloŋ baabo. O teɛhuuŋ soŋ ŋa yɛŋ da ba nyɛ eebo bo gyuŋ a Kumasi Naa paaloŋ aneŋ "British Empire" naŋ da taa tage ka n tage gyuŋ.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406566</ref> Kyɛ o yɔɔdɔɔ ŋa ba naŋ da boɔla King Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II naŋ deɛ o nakogi ŋa a yuoni 1935 o kuuŋ puoriŋ. O noɔriŋ, yɛlɛ mine eŋɛ a "Cape Cost" poɔŋ. Aminel a, dɛndɛŋ soba la o naŋ mɛ a Yuniveniti College naŋ be a Cape Coast poɔ. A yiiluŋ siba la a 1948 Accra dɔɔne.<ref>{{Cite news|title=August 11, 1948: The University College of the Gold Coast is established by Ordinance|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2017/8/11/august-11-1948-the-university-college-of-the-gold-coast-is-established-by-ordinance|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Lɛ ŋa waa ne la pēɛroo k’o na la ka ba da boɔla "Watson Commission" naŋ wulo ka ba mɛ Yuniveniti ɔf "science" a Kumasi poɔŋ.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Report on the Riots of 1948|title=The Ghana Reader|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822359845|year=2016|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822359845/page/259 259]–264|publisher=Duke University Press|doi=10.1215/9780822374961-052|isbn=978-0-8223-7496-1}}</ref> Tɔɔ, a N ba Prempeh teɛree ŋa da nyɛ la eebo a yuoni 1949, saŋa na meɛbo naŋ da wa piili bone na ba naŋ na boɔle ka "Kumasi College of Technology" eŋɛ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/1/23/january-22-1952-kumasi-college-of-technology-is-established|title=January 22, 1952: Kumasi College of Technology is established|work=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|access-date=2018-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi da tere la adimisiŋ ko o fɔrɔ sakuebiiri kyaare ne ne a "engineering" gbuli 1951 poɔ (ane a lɛ zaa, ana sakuebiiri na piili la ganzanne yɛlɛ 1952 poɔ), ka begemaale die nɔbinnaa ko a Yuniveniti sori ka a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi e o pare piiraa 1952 poɔ.<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.|title=Kumasitech : the journal of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|oclc=10102282}}</ref> A kolaagyi pare da ti la ne karemamine zannoo sakuebiiri 200 naŋ toɔle yi Achimota Kolaagyi naŋ be a "Greater Accra" Irigyin poɔ. A kolaagyi da be la a Yunivesniti ɔf "London" nuuri poɔ. 1961 poɔ, a kolaagyi da nyɛ la sori a are Yuniveniti voaraa.<ref name="Daniel">{{cite web|url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |title=THE UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA |access-date=10 March 2007 |author=G. F. Daniel |work=Development of University Education in Ghana |date=17 April 1998 |publisher=University of Ghana}}</ref> A Yuniveniti kɔlaagyi la teŋgane gbaŋgbale noɔre naŋ e 2,512.96 e-karre (1,016.96 ha).<ref name="Dzisi 2016">{{cite web|url= http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/10171/1/DZISI%20EMMANUEL%20JR%20Thesis%20%285%29NEW%20NEW.pdf |title=Assessment of bicycle transportation on the KNUST Campus |last=Dzisi|first=Emmanuel|date=2016|work=MSc. Thesis|publisher=KNUST Dspace|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> A sakuuri meŋ gbaŋgbale naŋ ta eŋ sekɔɛ malli ayoɔpõĩ, e la ŋa malli anii (8 km) gɛrɛ Kumasi east seŋ, Ashanti Irigyinnal teŋkpoŋ.<ref name="UGOO">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2006 |title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, KUMASI |access-date=11 March 2007 |work=Universities |publisher=Universities of Ghana Overseas Office}}</ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Fɔrɔ yelkorɔ === A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi yuo la 22 Gyɛnoɔre 1952 eŋɛ ne karemamine zannoo sakuebiiri 200 ba naŋ toɔle yi ne Achimota, gaa ne a kolaagyi paalaa pare pi zie.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Woets|first=Rhoda|chapter=Achimota School|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781135000356-rem751-1|isbn=978-1-135-00035-6}}</ref> Ɔɔtoore 1952 poɔ, a sakuuri ɔf "Engineering" ane a "Department of Commerce" da meɛ la ka ba de fɔrɔ sakuebiiri. A "Pharmacy Department" da meɛ la Gyoonnoɔre 1953 poɔ, ne a Sakuuri ɔf "Pharmacy" koroo yi Korle Bu "Teaching Hospital", Accra, toɔle gaa ne a kolaagyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us – Brief History |url=https://kbth.gov.gh/brief-history/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-GB}}</ref> A zannoo gbuli die e la yuomo ayi kyegebo zannoo bɔgere Pharmacy eŋɛ naŋ wane a Pharmacy Board Certificate kyɔɔtaa terebo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garritano|first=Carmela|title=African video movies and global desires : a Ghanaian history|url=https://archive.org/details/africanvideomovi0000garr|date=2013|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-484-5|oclc=824733582}}</ref> Dagerekɔlkya zannoo gbuli die da yuo la ana yuoni na ne o zu na tere "ad hoc" zannoo bɔgere ne a kaŋa zaa zannoo vuo, a yi zannoo vuo awola te tɔ yuomo ata, ko a Dagerekɔlkya Minisiri. General Studies Zannoo Gbuli Die da kuree na nare sakuuri biiri kyaare ne a Haayɛ Sakuuri Sɛtefekete Gyennoo "Science ane Arts" zannoo bɔgere poɔ a tere daanoo zannoo bɔgere poɔ aŋa a zannoo gbuli die mine naŋ boɔrɔ lɛ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A general index of the agricultural reports of the Patent Office, for twenty-five years, from 1837 to 1861; and of the Department of Agriculture, for fifteen years, from 1862 to 1876|url=https://archive.org/details/generalindexofag01unit|date=1879|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|doi=10.5479/sil.1048544.39088002284578}}</ref> A yi 1952 te tɔ 1955, a School of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Engineering, KNUST |url=https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Knust Ghana}}</ref> da nare la biiri kyaane ne karigyugi kɔlefekaasiŋ yoŋ. 1955 poɔ, a sakuuri da kyɛ la gbɛre zannoo bɔgere eŋɛ kara ne a University of London Bachelor of Engineering External Degree Examinations.<ref name="KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED">{{Cite web|title=KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED|url=https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/knust/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> 1957 poɔ, Kuribu Gɔɔloŋ Sakuuri, Teŋɛ Narebo ane Meɛbo da piilee la. O da de la o fɔrɔ sakuubiiri gyoonnoɔre 1958 poɔ, kyaare ne karigyugi zannoo bɔgere.<ref name=official/> A kolaagyi naŋ yɛllɛ, hakele da laŋ la taa maale a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi science ane tɛkenologyi yoŋ zannoo zie.<ref name=official>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=Kumasi College of Technology, KNUST officially opened in 1952 |url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/kumasi-college-of-technology-now-kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-was-officially-opened/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ghanaian Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> A yelnyɔgeraa ŋa tuubo eŋɛ, a Karemamine Zannoo Kolaagyi, a yi a Art School yoŋ puoriŋ, da wɛle gaa la a Winneba Zannoo Kolaagyi Gyoonnoɔre 1958 poɔ; 1959 poɔ a Commerce zannoo gbuli die da toɔle gaa la Achimota na maale a zenɛ sakuuri Administration ko a University of Ghana, Legon pare piiraa.<ref name="KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Today marks 68 years since KNUST was officially opened {{!}} GhHeadlines Total News Total Information |url=http://www.ghheadlines.com/agency/ghana-web-/20200122/133726508/today-marks-68-years-since-knust-was-officially-opened |date=22 January 2020|access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Ghana Headlines |language=en-US}}</ref> Disembare 1960 poɔ, a Ghana gɔmenante da iri la a University Commission ka o na teɛ o hakelɛ a yuniveniti ganzanne baabo eŋɛ, a kyaare ne a gbɛdegere na zɛge a Ghana yuniveniti kolaagyi ane a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi eŋ Ghana Sommeŋɛ Yuniveniti.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nanyele|first1=Stephen|last2=Kuranchie|first2=Alfred|last3=Owusu-Addo|first3=Augustine|date=2018-10-30|title=Classroom management practices and student disruptive behavior|journal=Integrity Journal of Education and Training|volume=2|issue=2|pages=6–14|doi=10.31248/ijet2018.021|issn=2636-5995|doi-access=free}}</ref> A yi a kɔmeseŋ duoro o naŋ tere, naŋ yi a 1961 piiluu poɔ, a gɔmenante da maale la teɛroŋ na mɛ Sommeŋɛ yunivenitiri ayi Kumasi ane Legon, Accra poɔ.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite journal| last1=Appiah |first1=CA| last2=Samwini |first2=AM| last3=Brown| first3=PK|last4=Hayford|first4=FEA|last5=Asamoah-Boakye|first5=O|date=2020-05-12|title=Proximate composition and serving sizes of selected composite Ghanaian soups|journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development|volume=20|issue=3|pages=15898–15918|doi=10.18697/ajfand.91.18055|issn=1684-5374|doi-access=free|hdl=10394/34922|hdl-access=free}}</ref> A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi lɛ na da leɛrɛɛ la, R. P. Baffour kaabo eŋɛ,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Institute Of Architects – Ghana Institute Of Architects|url=https://gia.com.gh/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> eŋ yuniveniti gbuli eŋɛ, ka begemaale die noɔre leɛ pore o ka '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology''' 22 Ɔɔgore 1961 eŋɛ. A yuori eŋ la Kwame Nkrumah, a fɔrɔ prime minisa ane a puoriŋ Ghana yidaandɔɔ.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gyoonnoɔre 1966 poɔ, Marr Grounds, American/Australian artist naŋ da kpeɛrɛ California poɔ ana saŋa, da nyɛ la kaa iruu a e wulwulo kuribu gɔɔloŋ poɔ yuomo ayi, sɛre kyɛ de gaa a University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design ane Planning 1968 poɔ.<ref name=interview2015/> A yuori da leɛrɛɛ la gaa University of Science ane Technology a 24 Fɛboɔre 1966 zɔɔre naŋ da wa baare. A University of Science ane Technology da nyɛ la kuribu meŋɛ Tadaare, 20 Nyɔgevenne 1961 eŋɛ. Ane a lɛ zaa, begemaale die noɔre kaŋa meŋ (Act 559 of 1998) da leɛre la a yuori gaa ne o yuori meŋɛ, a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology, Kumasi.<ref name="KNUST_History">{{cite web|url=http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=14&sid=94&id=115|title=Our History|work=Official Website|publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|access-date=29 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164113/http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=14&sid=94&id=115|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Organization ane administration == === Principal officers === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a vuo ko a chancellor da taa la eebo neŋ Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. === Governing body === Governance taa la soɔbo ko a University Council, naŋ taa eebo ko a Academic Board, naŋ taa tonnoɔre ko a: * formulating and carrying out the academic policy of the university * devising and regulating the courses of instruction and study, and supervising research * regulating the conduct of examinations and the award of degrees, diplomas and certificates * advising the University Council on the admission of students and the award of scholarships * reporting on such matters as may be referred to it by the University Council === A sakuubiiri zannoo a university administration === Sakuubiiri naŋ be a KNUST Students' Representative Council (KNUST SRC) da paalɛɛŋ a administration naŋ be a university yi a ba wederoŋ naŋ na kaara a University Council, Academic Board, a Welfare Services Board, Faculty ane Departmental Boards, Residence Committee, Library Committee naŋ be a Hall Councils. A council maŋ tona neŋ la baagyɛt naŋ kyaare a organizations, kyɛ o meŋ eɛ funds social events ane student initiatives. A sole representative student government, a KNUST SRC maŋ terɛɛ sakubiiri boɔbo teseŋ a lambo mine kyɛ meŋ da tere duoruu ko a sakubiiri. === Collegiate system === KNUST taa la, yi January 2005, da yie koroŋ zaa a gaa centralized system ko a administration a da be a decentralized collegiate university. A buo naŋ poɔ, a faculties zaa laŋɛɛ taare a da maale kolagyiri ayoɔbo. A university da taa la toma neŋ a faculty-based system. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ wahala da bebe a administrative yi a faculties paale a and institutes ka a tõɔ vɛŋ baabo be a sakubiiri zannoo yeltare. Ka banna naŋ maale yɛlɛ, a collegiate system da taa la eebo yi a 29 November 2004. A 5 April 2005, a pioneering provosts da taa la eebo naŋ da bebe a ɔfere naŋ be a Great Hall ko a KNUST. A kolagyiri la a semi-autonomous, ŋaa wuli ka ba da taa la na meŋɛ faŋa ka ba toŋ bamenne toma kyɛ damaŋ nyɛrɛ sommo yire a central administration kyaare libi-yɛlɛ. A college registrar, finance officer ane librarian da toŋɛɛ a provosts. Paale a poɔ e la faculties, centres ane institutes, naŋ taa wederoŋ neŋ deans ane directors. Naŋ e wederɛ ko a colleges, a provosts da terɛɛ academic ane administrative wederoŋ ko a colleges kyɛ maŋ kaara a ba toma yeltare zaa. === Sakuubilii === * Accra Institute of Technology * Akim State University College<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asuc.edu.gh/|title=Akim State University College &#124; Asuc &#124; Ghana|website=asuc}}</ref> * All Nations University College * Central University College * Kaaf University College * DataLink University College(DLUC) * Garden City University College * Ghana Telecom University College * Ho Polytechnic * Osei Tutu II Institute for Advanced ICT Studies * Regent University College * Spiritan Institute / Spiritan University College<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134413/http://www.spiritanuc.edu.gh/ Spiritan University College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134413/http://www.spiritanuc.edu.gh/ |date=22 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Institutions affiliated to KNUST">{{Cite web |date=12 October 2009 |title=Affiliated Institutions |url=http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=123 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012121619/http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=123 |archive-date=12 October 2009 |website=KNUST}}</ref> Disembare 2019 poɔ, noɔreyeni boore da golgoli la a Gambian gɔmenante ane Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology kpakyaga na meɛ Science, Technology ane Engineering University A Gambia poɔ. Emmo poɔ, a administrative ane wulluu bomma na e la, ane kaabo na be la a KNUST nuuri poɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/knust-to-establish-science-technology-university-in-the-gambia.html|title=KNUST to establish Science, Technology University in The Gambia|date=2019-12-17|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> == Zannoo Yeltare == [[File:Peace Pole, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg|thumb|The [[Peace Pole]] was erected on the university campus on 21 September 2006, [[International Day of Peace]]. The pole is made of a 105-year-old [[sapele]] tree that used to stand in the university's botanical garden. The pole is {{convert|16.7|m|ft|abbr=off}} tall. Indigenous symbols have been carved in bas-relief on it in five languages ([[Akan language|Twi]]—a local language in Ghana, [[Standard Hindi|Hindi]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]). The peace prayer on the pole says: "May peace be upon Earth".]] Yi a 2010/11 zannoo yuoni, a kolaagyiri mine tona neŋ la a two-tier system, kyɛ ka a mine naŋ tona neŋ a three-tier system. === Kolagyi ko Agriculture ane Natural Resources CANR === * Faculty of Agriculture ** Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scroggs|first=Claud L.|date=December 1975|title=The Relevance of University Research and Extension Activities in Agricultural Economics to Agribusiness Firms|journal=American Journal of Agricultural Economics|volume=57|issue=5|pages=883–888|doi=10.2307/1239098|jstor=1239098|issn=0002-9092}}</ref> ** Department of Animal Sciences<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-03 |title=Deduako residents, pets benefit from health screening by KNUST Health Sciences Students Association - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/deduako-residents-pets-benefit-from-health-screening-by-knust-health-sciences-students-association/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ** Department of Crop and Soil Sciences<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Quee|first1=Dan David|last2=Sarkodie-Addo|first2=Joseph|last3=Conteh|first3=Abdul Rahman|last4=Tarawali|first4=Abdul Rahman|title=Assessment of Weed Management Strategies on Growth and Yield of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana.|date=2016-01-21|publisher=Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers|oclc=942772318}}</ref> ** Department of Horticulture<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=NSA signs MoU with KNUST to aid sports development - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsa-signs-mou-with-knust-to-aid-sports-development/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}</ref> * Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources ** Department of Agroforestry^{[''citation needed'']} ** Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management ** Department of Silviculture and Forest Management ** Department of Wildlife and Range Management ** Department of Wood Science and Technology * Faculty of Forest Resources Technology ** Department of Ecotourism and Forest Recreation ** Department of Land Reclamation and Rehabilitation ** Department of Social Forestry ** Department of Wood Processing and Marketing === Kolagyi ko Health Sciences === * Faculty of Allied Health Sciences ** Department of Medical Diagnostics ** Department of Medical Imaging ** Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science * Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ** Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ** Department of Pharmacology ** Department of Pharmacognosy ** Department of Pharmacy Practice ** Department of Pharmaceutics ** Department of Herbal Medicine * School of Dentistry * School of Medical Sciences * School of Veterinary Medicine * School of Nursing and Midwifery === Kplagyi ko Humanities ane Social Sciences === * Faculty of Law * Faculty of Social Sciences ** Department of Economics ** Department of English ** Department of Geography and Rural Development ** Department of History and Political Studies ** Department of Modern Languages currently called the department of Language and Communication Sciences. ** Department of Religious Studies ** Department of Sociology and Social Work * School of Business ** Department of Supply Chain and Information Systems. ** Department of Marketing and Corporate Strategy ** Department of Human Resource and Organizational Development. ** Department of Accounting and Finance Kolagyiri naŋ be two-tier system (Provost/Head ko Department): === Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | width = 350 | image2 = Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG | alt2 = | caption2 = The College of Art and Built Environment | image3 = College of Engineering, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.JPG | alt3 = | caption3 = [[Laboratory|Lab]]/[[Office buildings|office block]] of the [[College of Engineering]] | image4 = Solar panels, KNUST.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = [[Solar panel]]s on a roof in the [[College of Engineering (KNUST)|College of Engineering]]}} Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment Lab/ɔfere dankyini a Engineering kolaagyi Solar panels naŋ dɔgele dankyini zu eŋɛ a Engineering kolaagyi poɔ : A Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment naŋ da daŋ e a Kuribo Gɔɔloŋ ane Narebo kuree la Gyoonnoɔre 2005 poɔ a poɔ a Yuniveniti leɛ maaloo na eŋ a Collegiate Tuuroŋ. A leɛ maaloo poɔ, a Environmental ane Development studies (FEDS) Zannoo gbuli ane a Institute of Land Management and Development (ILMAD) da laŋ la taa na meɛ a kolaagyi. FEDS taa la zannoo gbuli deri ata: Department of Architecture, department of Building Technology ane Department of Housing and Planning Research. ILMAD taa la zannoo gbuli deri ayi, Department of Land Economy ane a Land Resources Centre. A kolaagyi pampana taa la zannoo gbuli bɔgere ayi, wulluu zannoo gbulo deri pie ane peɛroo zannoo zie boŋyeni: :* Department of Communication Design :* Department of General Art Studies :* Department of Painting and Sculpture :* Department of Integrated Rural Art/Industry :* Department of Industrial Art :* Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology :* Department of Publishing Studies :* Department of Architecture :* Department of Building Technology :* Department of Land Economy :* Department of Planning :* Centre for Settlements Studies :* Centre for Land Studies === Engineering Kolaagyi === :* Dagerekɔlkya Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Aerospace Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Chemical Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Civil Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Kɔmpiita Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Electrical Engineering/Electronic Engineering & Telecommunication Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geological Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geodetic Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geomatic Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Materials Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Mechanical Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Petroleum Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die === Science Kolaagyi === Zipeɛre:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Science, KNUST |url=https://cos.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=College of Science, KNUST}}</ref> : A yoe ama naŋ tu e la zannoo gbuli deri naŋ be a science kolaagyi eŋɛ, KNUST. :* Biochemistry ane Biotechnology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Chemistry Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Kɔmpiita Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Environmental Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Food Science ane Technology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Mathematics Zannoo Gbuli Die<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Department of Mathematics |url=https://math.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Department of Mathematics Knust}}</ref> :* Optometry ane Visual Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Physics Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Theoretical ane Applied Biology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Statistics ane Actuarial Sciences Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Department of Meteorology Zannoo Gbuli Die === Peɛroo Ziiri === * Bureau of Integrated Research and Development * Centre for Biodiversity Utilisation and Development (CBUD) * Centre for Cultural and African Studies * Centre for Human Studies * Dairy/Beef Research Station * The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre, College Of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://energycenter.knust.edu.gh/pages/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013054038/http://energycenter.knust.edu.gh/pages/index.php|url-status=dead|title=The Energy Center|archive-date=13 October 2009}}</ref> * Kumasi Center For Collaborative Research (KCCR) in collaboration with the German Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine<ref>{{Cite web |title=KCCR 20th Anniversary Durbar – KCCR |url=https://kccr-ghana.org/kccr-20th-anniversary-durbar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064601/http://kccr-ghana.org/kccr/ |archive-date=18 September 2009 |website=Kccr Ghana}}</ref> * National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (NIMS) * Technology Consultancy Centre (TCC) * Laboratory For Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis (LISA) * Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kumasi (RWESCK) * Centre for Settlement Studies * Regional Transport Research and Education Centre, Kumasi (TRECK) ==== Ghana Journalists naŋ zanne a Focus FM eŋɛ ==== * Nana Kwadwo Jantuah * Edward Oppong Marfo * Kwame Adinkra * Kojo Akoto Boateng * Louis Kwame Sakyiamah (Lexis Bill) * Anita Kuma * Kojo Akoto Boateng === Tiivi === TEK TV la a sakuuri tiivi zinyɔgeraa ko a Yuniveniti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbagbo |first=Julitta |date=15 June 2016 |title=KNUST To Launch TV Station Called TEK TV - Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students |url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/06/knust-to-launch-tv-station-called-tek-tv/ |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=Kuulpeeps |language=en-US}}</ref> == Nentegerɛ == === Sakuubikorɔ nentegerɛ mine === Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology Bikorɔ Yoe Muuli kyɛ meŋ nyu: Gbuli:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology bikorɔ * UN Gansɛgerɛ-Gyɛneral ane Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Kofi Annan zanne la KNUST eŋɛ * Kwaku Aning ane Hackman Owusu-Agyeman la a diplomats mine naŋ baare KNUST * Aliu Mahama Ghana Yidaandɔɔ potuuri a yi 2001 te tɔ 2008, zanne la KNUST eŋɛ * Edward Kwame Wiredu, Ghana kyif Justice koroo, meŋ da e la sakuubie KNUST eŋɛ * Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings, Ghana pɔge fɔrɔ koroo * Samira Bawumia, Ghana pɔgeba bayi soba (2017–2025) * Thomas Mensah, CEO koroo ko GNPC ane chemical engineer graduated yi KNUST College of Engineering * Alex Mould, Ghana Gas CEO * Benjamin Asante * Charles Darku, Tullow Ghana Limited CEO koroo * Amma Darko, a yelyagesɛgerɛ gaa la KNUST * Chris Attoh, deɛndeɛnɛ gaa la KNUST * Nana Otuo Siriboe, a Juabenhene meŋ naŋ e a Chairman of Council of State * King Tackie Teiko Tsuru II, Gã Mantse ko a Ga-Adangbe noba ane Yidaandɔɔ ko a Ga Traditional Council * Ernest Aryeetey, ɛkɔnɔmese ane Vice Chancellor koroo ko a University of Ghana baare la KNUST * Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Minisa kpoŋ baare la KNUST * Pamela Mbabazi, Dakogi zu soba ko a Uganda Planning Authority meŋ da e la sakuubie KNUST eŋɛ. === Gambanneba nentegerɛ === Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology gane wulwulbo * Francis Allotey, mathematician * Aba Andam, physicist * Ablade Glover, artist * Marr Grounds, American / Australian artist ane architecture wulwulo 1966–7 poɔ <ref name=interview2015>{{cite interview| first=Marr| last=Grounds| title=Interview with Marr Grounds| date= 30 March 2015| interviewer-first= Deborah| interviewer-last= Edwards | url=https://www.datocms-assets.com/42890/1614405141-groundsmarrinterviewv2018-12-11.pdf| format=transcript| series= Art Gallery of New South Wales Archive: Balnaves Foundation Australian Sculpture Archive Project|others=[[Balnaves Foundation]]|publisher= [[Art Gallery of NSW]]| quote=This is an edited transcript of a recorded interview.}}</ref> * Thomas Mensah, chemical engineer * Letitia Obeng, peɛroo scientist * == Kyɔɔtaɛ == A 2023, a university da taa nimitɔɔre gaabo neŋ Times Higher Education naŋ e a noɔre ko a sakuuri sonne a tendaa. A kyɔɔtaɛ da taa la eebo neŋ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4). A November 2019, KNUST da taa la iruuŋ neŋ a university in Ghana sonne ane West Africa yi ''U.S. News & World Report'' kyɛ naŋ taa a yelkorɔ a 2020. O da taa la zɛgeroŋ a do are a 14th soba a Africa ane 706th a tendagbuli zaa, naŋ a tendagbuli semmo neŋ 42.4. KNUST da la a dɛndɛŋ university a West Africa naŋ da di a 2018, 2019 ane 2020 Pan African Universities Debate Championship a tutaa. KNUST la a dɛndɛŋ university a Ghana naŋ da di a Ghana national noɔre ko a Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court kyakya. A university meŋ da die a Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court gbɛre bota. A December 2020 KNUST da a dɛndɛŋ soba ko a university a Africa naŋ di a Pan African Universities Debating Championship gbɛre bota zaa. === Department ko Food Science ane Technology === A December 2024, a West Africa Competitiveness Programme (WACOMP), yi UNIDO ane EU funding, vɛŋɛɛ KNUST's Food Science ane Technology Laboratory da e a dɛndɛŋ public university naŋ be a Ghana naŋ paale neŋ a ISO/IEC 17025:2017, providing SMEs neŋ bondiiri sonnoŋ kaabo. == Sakuubiiri Wederoŋ == === Student Representative Council. === Yvonne Osei Adobea da die a SRC yidaandɔɔloŋ/wederoŋ nuneɛ a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology (KNUST) eŋɛ 26 Gyoonnoɔre 2023 eŋɛ. A yaga ŋaa diibu da bare la bɔge a fɔrɔ soba pɔge naŋ de a Student's Representative Council KNUST eŋɛ wederoŋ o yuomo 71 yelkorɔ poɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2023-07-27 |title="A woman of many firsts": Records set by the first female SRC President of KNUST |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/238461-yvonne-osei-addobea-records-set-by-elected-female-src-president-knust/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Yen - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> Kane Nana Francis la tu o puori 2024 poɔ. === Kolaagyi Kpaaroŋ === Sakuubiiri KNUST poɔ areterɛ la management daɛɛ yaga poɔ. A yi a Student Representative Council naŋ e a sakuubiiri areterɛ, areteɛrɛ mine meŋ bebe la a kolaagyi kaŋa zaa poɔ KNUST eŋɛ. A Science kolaagyi, a Science Students' Association (SCISA) la areko o. A Engineering kolaagyi, a Ghana Association of Engineering Students (GESA) la areko o. == Media == === Radio === Focus FM (94.3 FM) e la university's official radio station. Gbɛɛ gyamaa ba maŋ ire la ''Morning Show'', ''Drive Time'', ''Teknokrat'' ane ''Community Watch''. ==== About Focus FM ==== Focus FM e la network radio naŋ be a campus ko a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology, Kumasi. O yuompiilaa da la 2000 A.D. a stakeholders da la a UNIVERSITY, Student Representative Counsel ane a Graduate Student Association of Ghana. A zie ko a status quo ko a station da taa duoruu teroo, wuli kyɛ la deɛne ko a college network gbuli zaa ane a kori naŋ bebe. A supply of investment soŋe da yue a sakubiiri lɔɔbo Focus FM improvement account. ==== Lɛ Focus FM Naŋ Bigiri ==== Focus FM boɔbo ba e a ka o da ŋmɛ a kyakya a yele naŋ be a paaloŋ, kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ ka a university ka ba paale neŋ nyɔvɔɛ yɛlɛ. Ŋaa la vɛŋ ka o taa tɛɛtɛɛloŋ neŋ commercial ane state radio – ka a kaŋa zaa da ba sɔre public lambo, kyɛ ka ana wa wuli ka a seŋɛɛ ka ba e. Focus FM maŋ terɛɛ democratic kyaare a kpaaroŋ sere amenne kyɛ a naŋ seene ka ba yeli, vuo da bebe la ko noba Ka ba da yeli yɛlɛ bamenne ==== Finance ==== Focus FM ba e libi-bɔ bone. O maŋ nyɛ la o mean bɔ; Focus FM Development Fund, naŋ kyaare a commercial Sponsorship boɔbo naŋ kyaare , naŋ taa e community / listener supported fundraisers. ==Sommo Yizie== {{Reflist}} [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Sakuuri]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == {{Commons}} * {{Official website|http://www.knust.edu.gh/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 Universities of Ghana Overseas Office] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090827124806/http://src.knust.edu.gh/ Students Representative Council] {{KNUSTtemplate|state=uncollapsed}} {{Kumasi topics|state=collapsed}} {{Ashanti topics|state=uncollapsed}} {{Association of African Universities|state=uncollapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science And Technology}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology| ]] [[Category:1952 establishments in Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Ashanti Empire]] [[Category:Education in Kumasi]] [[Category:Forestry education]] [[Category:National universities]] [[Category:Public universities and colleges]] [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1952]] [[Category:Universities in Ghana]] oeslh3v7a8uph6nbmm3by36f3yp8r28 0 1441 63657 40148 2026-08-03T18:27:31Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q964069}} '''Techiman''' waa la yi velaa,o e la teŋkpoŋ a ko a Techiman Munisipal Desekyere ane a [[Bono East Region|Bono East Irigyin]] naŋ be a [[Ghana|Gaana]] poɔ. Techiman waa la da di teŋkpoŋ naŋ be a [[Ashanti Region|Gaana sapare paaloŋ]] sɛŋ. Techiman waa la a teŋkpoŋ ayi aneŋ yie kaŋa ko a [[Bono East Region|Bono East region]]. Techiman waa la da di yikpoŋ ko a [[West Africa]].<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155500/http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=1170623253&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-85&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x "World Gazetteer online"]. World-gazetteer.com. Archived from [http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=1170623253&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-85&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x the original] on 30 September 2007.</ref> Techiman taa la nensaaleba yageroŋ te ta 104,212 a yuoni 2013 poɔ. Techiman be la a dakroŋ da di sɔkyɛreŋ aneŋ a Tano baa, aneŋ meŋ ka o waa teŋkpoŋ ko a [[Techiman Munisipal Desekyere]]. == Dakoroŋbaŋ == A yi a noɔre [[yɛlɛ]] mannoo a dakoroŋ na, a [[Ashanti Region|Akans]] naŋ e a noba naŋ e yaga a Gaana poɔ yi la a Bono State; dakoroŋ mannoo na be a Bono Manso, a Techiman Municipal. A [[Central Region|Fantes]] (''a Akan noba''), a yi ba noɔre yelmanne lesiri, Techiman noba naŋ yi a coastal Mankessim naapaaloŋ naŋ e a pampana [[Central Region|Central irigyin]] ane a [[Western Region|Western irigyin]] a yuoni 1252 poɔ. Ba mine meŋ yi la a Akan noba meŋ ta maale ba meŋ tenne ka ana Adanse teŋɛ, a [[Akyemansa Desekyere|Akyem]] ane Akwamu [[Duoro kɔre:TechimanWest.jpg|thumb|Enfuo yɛloŋ|center]]teŋɛ ane mine kaŋa. A yi a Bono Manso, a Bono teŋkpoŋ a Asanti Empire da de o la a yuoni 1723 poɔ, ka a Bono-Techiman teŋɛ meŋ da piili a yuoni 1740 poɔ a Ashanti deme zie. Ama, a Akan zaa a yi a noɔre yelmaane zie zeŋ la a Bono a kyɛ poɔ a Bono teŋɛ poɔ te ta a wagere na a Ashanti naŋ zɔɔ faa a teŋɛ. A lɛ puoriŋ, a Akans a yi noɔre yɛlɛ mannoo ne saakonnoŋ wuli ka ba da zeŋ la kyɛ la iri Bono kyɛ paale a Bono State te ta a saŋa na a  Bono State na da zɔɔ faa ba meŋɛ yi a zɔɔre ba naŋ da taa neŋ a Ashanti. == A Western Skyline Naŋ Be Techiman == Techiman la a sɛkyiri ko Bonokyempem yiiluŋ,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techiman#cite_note-4</ref> a lambo ko a saakonnoŋ a Bono Ahafo Chiefs naŋ da paale a noba a ŋmɛ kyakya  ko a Brong Ahafo Irigyin maaloo yineŋ a  [[Ashanti Region]]  April 4, 1959 poɔ, a yi a Ashanti Region Act 18 ko 1959. Nana Kwaakye Ameyaw III,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080616193333/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/techiman.html</ref> saŋa na paramount kyief ko Bono (Sããkonteŋɛŋ) teŋgane paaloŋ , la da e tagetaa naŋ be "Bonokyempem" ma-dɔgroŋ gbɛre == Klaamati Waaloŋ == {{Weather box|width=auto | location = Techiman(1991–2021) | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high F = 92.8 | Feb high F = 93.8 | Mar high F = 92.3 | Apr high F = 90.2 | May high F = 88.0 | Jun high F = 84.5 | Jul high F = 82.3 | Aug high F = 82.0 | Sep high F = 83.2 | Oct high F = 85.0 | Nov high F = 87.4 | Dec high F = 90.7 | year high F = | Jan low F = 70.3 | Feb low F = 73.1 | Mar low F = 74.4 | Apr low F = 74.4 | May low F = 73.6 | Jun low F = 71.9 | Jul low F = 70.8 | Aug low F = 70.6 | Sep low F = 70.8 | Oct low F = 72.3 | Nov low F = 71.6 | Dec low F = 70.4 | year low F = | Jan precipitation mm= 23 | Feb precipitation mm= 51 | Mar precipitation mm= 112 | Apr precipitation mm= 137 | May precipitation mm= 138 | Jun precipitation mm= 133 | Jul precipitation mm= 119 | Aug precipitation mm= 128 | Sep precipitation mm= 192 | Oct precipitation mm= 163 | Nov precipitation mm= 76 | Dec precipitation mm= 26 | source 1 = Climate-data.org<ref name=climate>{{cite web |url =https://en.climate-data.org/africa/ghana/brong-ahafo-region/techiman-32260/ |title = Techiman Climate |publisher= Climate-data |access-date=5 October 2023 }}</ref> | date = June 2013 }} == Yuoni Zaa Noba Semmo == {| class="wikitable" |- ! 1960 ! 1970 ! 1984 ! 1989 ! 2000 ! 2007 ! 2013 ! Recent{{When|date=October 2023}} |----- | {{formatnum:8755}}<ref name="Techiman Munipal demographic tables">{{cite web |url= http://www.ghanadistricts.com/pdfs/techiman-demo.pdf |title= Techiman Municipal: Demographic Characteristics tables |access-date= 13 June 2008 |year= 2006 |publisher= A Public – Private Partnership Programme between Min. of Local Govt., Rural Dev. & Environment & Maks Publications & Media Services }}</ref> | {{formatnum:12068}}<ref name="Techiman Munipal demographic">{{cite web |url= http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?r=10&_=42&sa=4489 |title= Techiman Municipal: Demographic Characteristics |access-date= 13 June 2008 |year= 2006 |publisher= A Public – Private Partnership Programme between Min. of Local Govt., Rural Dev. & Environment & Maks Publications & Media Services |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071122043957/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?r=10&_=42&sa=4489 |archive-date= 22 November 2007 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | {{formatnum:25264}}<ref name="Techiman Munipal demographic tables"/> | {{formatnum:36785}}<ref name="Dennis">{{Cite book | publication-date = 1995 | contribution = Coping with transition through organisation: Techiman Market, Brong-Ahafo, Ghana | editor-last = Sweetman | editor-first = Caroline | publisher = Oxfam | pages = [https://archive.org/details/societiesintrans0000unse/page/43 43]–48 | isbn = 0-85598-339-6 | year = 1995 | title = Societies in Transition | url = https://archive.org/details/societiesintrans0000unse }}</ref> | {{formatnum:56187}}<br>(projection)<ref name="Techiman Munipal demographic tables"/> | {{formatnum:79547}}<br>(projection)<ref name="Techiman Munipal demographic"/> | {{formatnum:104212}}<br>(projection)<ref name="World Gazetteer"/> | {{formatnum:104212}}<ref name="World Gazetteer"/> |- |} A noba yageroŋ wanne a baaloŋ yaga yaga yuomo awola naŋ pare, teseŋ a yuomo 1970 ane 1984 sɔrebo gbɛre buyi, kyɛ gba la paare yageroŋ a yuoni 2000 poɔŋ. Teseŋ a yageroŋ 79,547 a yuoni 2007 poɔŋ, noba paare yɛŋ lɛɛŋ a teŋkpoŋ poɔŋ gbɛre awae. == Sakuuri Yɛlɛ == * Yiri weɛlɛ<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221208153135/https://joynewsplus.com/implement-asamang-tamfoe-community-mining-plan-youth-group/</ref> == Kannoo Yɛlɛ == *Techiman Munisipal Assembly Sakuuri<ref name=":2">https://gna.org.gh/2021/01/support-children-to-obey-covid-19-protocols-says-amoakohene/</ref> * Techiman St. Paul's Roman Catholic Primary Sakuuri<ref name=":2" /> == Koɔbo Yɛlɛ == A Techiman Munisipaliti taa la zikoɔre bee koɔlee kponni ata: a Guinea-Savanna woodland naŋ be a north-west, a semi-deciduous zone<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_savanna_woodland</ref> na be south, ane a sããkonnoŋ teŋɛ<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_savanna_woodland</ref> naŋ be a south-east ane west te tɔ a north. A principal land ba naŋ taa koɔrɔ la bombullo koɔbo ane donne guoluu. Aquaculture bea a baabo ane zibile koɔbo naŋ gɛrɛ nimitɔɔre naŋ paale la Asubima tere baroo. == Daa Kpeɛbo Yele == Techiman e la tegɛŋ kaŋa neɛ naŋ kombaŋ yeli ka o ba maŋ taa tonnoɔre bee toma wagere la wagere zaa yuoni zaa a Gaana poɔ, kyɛ paaŋ ba e teŋɛ kaŋa [[Ghana|Gaana]] na ba de o nimizeeloŋ ka o paale a Gaana tembɛrɛ mine  naŋ e commercial centres. Techiman e la yiri ko West [[Africa]] sããkonnoŋ teŋkpoŋ daa. O eɛ zie naŋ taa  noba naŋ yi [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Burkina Faso]], ane [[Mali]].<ref name=":0" /> A Techiman Munisipaliti be la savanna ane forest zones a Gaana, naŋ vɛŋ ka o e yɛroŋ zie. Techiman gbɛɛ yaga eɛ la "Food Basket na be Gaana" a o naŋ e daa bebiri na e Tuesday te tɔ Friday dagbulli zaa a yuoni, naŋ tagera yɛryɛrɛɛ naŋ be West Africa poɔ. A yi a teŋɛŋ e  socioeconomic structure, Techiman's noba yagroŋ e la  cosmopolitan, naŋ taa noba yineŋ racial, economic, ane social-political backgrounds. == Yipɔge == [[Duoro kɔre:MountOlives.Techiman.GH-BA.jpg|thumb|Mount Olives, baŋ yuo a yuoni 2012, waa la a Asibiti kpoŋni ayi ne kaŋa. [https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=7.5962&mlon=-1.9227/#map=17/7.5962/-1.9227 OpenStreetMap] [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Techiman&params=7.5962_N_1.9227_W_ 7.5962°N 1.9227°W]]] Techiman deme piili meɛrɛ la deɛŋdeɛŋ zivelaa kpoŋ kaŋa. Techiman maŋ di la Apoo a April/May poɔ yuoni zaa– parɛɛ mine ko Mardi Gras. A yi Apoo, a diibu ko Apoo da ba la di yuomo mine yineŋ sigiroŋ mine ko Bonoman Naa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120517125823/http://www.touringghana.com/regions/brongahafo_region.asp</ref> A deɛne vinviŋ ko A paaloŋ ko a Apoo e la a lambo zie ko a Naa (Omanhene) yi ne  Techiman.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techiman#cite_note-Touring_Brong_Ahafo-13</ref> A August, waare tigri da di la naŋ wulli a waare kɔbaaroo ane a deɛbo a  [[Brong-Ahafo Region]] naŋ e teŋkpoŋ ko Techiman ane Wenchi. <ref name=":3" />Gaana gɔbenɛnte da soŋ la Techiman tensɔgɔ neŋ libie (kyɔɔtaare). A kyɔɔtare e la bone naŋ taa soobo ko baabo a tensɔgɔ ane a ba sããkonnoŋ guubu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techiman#cite_note-14</ref> == Sori Tuubu == noba naa la sorbiri yineŋ e  Sunyani  domestic yuoni zaa waare [[Tigre|tigiri]] maŋ di la kyɛ o maŋ wulli la waare deɛbo baaroo ko <ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20120517125823/http://www.touringghana.com/regions/brongahafo_region.asp</ref><ref name="Techiman Munipal demographic" /> kyɛ ka sori naŋ gɔbenɛnte a sonnɔ la Techiman. A Tano baa e la zie na ba naŋ maŋ tu gaa a zie na.<ref name=":1" /> Ba taa la Public Transports na maŋ yi Techiman te tɔ tembɛrɛ mine teseŋ [[Accra]]; [[Kumasi]]; Mim, [[Ahafo Region|Ahafo]] ; [[Sunyani]]; Takoradi; Tema; [[Ho]]; [[Wa]]; [[Bolgatanga]]; Elubo; Aflao. Kaabo kyaare traffic a Techiman March 2007 poɔ wuli la sigiroŋ neŋ 34% ko taxis, 31% ko pedestrians, 10% ko lɔɔ-kpoŋ ane vans, 7% ko [[Kuriwiri|kuriwuri]], 6% ko Popori, 5% ko lɔɔre ane 7% for "neŋ amine" sori tuubu mine. Ko kuriwuri, peɛroo wulli ka, 49%  naŋ gaa toma, 18% ko [[sakuuri]], 14% ko leɛ maaloo ane 6% ko sori tuubu.<ref name=":1" /> == Zɔmeŋ Yie == Techiman ne yiri ŋa naŋ peɛle o baŋ boɔla Sunyani laŋ la taa a nyɔge baaloŋ ne yie ŋa naŋ tu a pareeŋ: {| class="wikitable" !Paaloo !Yi velaa !Paaloo/ Deskyere/ Irigyin/ po-eŋ !Bebiri |- |[[United State Of America (USA)|United States]] |[[Tuscaloosa]] |[[Alabama]] | |} A bebiri 11 Ɔɔtoorebare 2012 yuoni poɔ, Techiman ane Sunyani minisipalihe ŋa da tɔ la nu te kyaare ne Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) ka lɛ ku kpeɛŋu ne ba Tuscaloosa baaloŋ ŋa yɛlɛ yi a Sister Cities International of Alabama State naŋ be a United States poɔŋ. == Tempeɛle Mine == Techiman, naŋ taa nyɔge taa neŋ tempeɛle mine teseŋ  Sunyani, pampana taa la tempeɛle tenne mine neŋ:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20030306040844/http://www.tuscaloosasistercities.com/</ref> United States Tuscaloosa Alabama 11 October 2012 poɔ, Techiman ane Sunyani munisipalitiri saane la Mɛmoraadom ane sagedeebo (MoU) naŋ pare la o tempeɛle  neŋ Tuscaloosa tempeɛle ko International a Alabama State naŋ be United States.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201021024045/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/places-in-perspective/twin-towns/sunyani-techiman-tt</ref> == Deɛne Yeltare == * Techiman Eleven Wonders * Ampem Darkoa Ladies F.C. * Techiman City FC ===Sããkonnoŋ Yele=== *Frank Asante, Frank Asante na be Abenim-Techiman, 14 December 1990. {{GhanaLargestCities}} {{Authority control}} == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Sakuuri]] [[Gbuli:DWUG - Article of the week 2024]] [[Gbuli:Article of the week]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] b59is3gyy9zfc1vchoqw56kcrcaoksu 0 2069 63680 22087 2026-08-03T18:51:31Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63680 wikitext text/x-wiki A yoe ŋa waa la '''list of [[horror film]]s''' naŋ da yi a yuomo [[1900s in film|1900s]] saŋa. ==A yoe== {| class="wikitable" |+ Horror films naŋ da yi a yuomo [[1900s in film|1900s]] poɔŋ |- ! scope="col" width="21%" | Yelzuri ! scope="col" width="16%" | Director ! scope="col" width="22%" | Cast ! scope="col" width="13%" | Country ! scope="col" width="28%" | Subgenre/notes |- ! {{year header}} | [[1900 in film|1900]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Faust and Marguerite (1900 film)|Faust and Marguerite]]'' | [[Edwin S. Porter]] || [[Edwin S. Porter]] || United States ||[[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=13}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Chinese Magic (film)|Chinese Magic]] (Yellow Peril)'' | [[Walter R. Booth]] || [[Walter R. Booth]] || {{nowrap|United Kingdom}} || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=13}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1901 in film|1901]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Bluebeard (1901 film)|Bluebeard]]'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]], [[Jeanne d'Alcy]], [[Bleuette Bernon]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Méliès|2008}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Haunted Curiosity Shop]]'' | [[Walter R. Booth]] || [[Walter R. Booth]] || United Kingdom|| [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|pp=13–14}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Le Diable géant ou Le miracle de la madonne]] (The Devil and the Statue)'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1902 in film|1902]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Treasures of Satan|Les Trésors de Satan]]'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=14}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1903 in film|1903]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Le Monstre (film)|Le Monstre]]'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=17}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Chaudron infernal|Le Chaudron Infernal]] (The Infernal Boiling Pot)'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=17}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Infernal Cake Walk|Le Cake-walk infernal (The Infernal Cake Walk)]]'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=17}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1905 in film|1905]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''Le Diable Noir (The Black Imp)'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=19}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1906 in film|1906]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''La Maison hantée'' | [[Segundo de Chomón]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Merry Frolics of Satan|Les Quatre cents farces du diable(The Merry Frolics of Satan)]]'' | [[Georges Méliès]] || [[Georges Méliès]] || France || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=20–21}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1907 in film|1907]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Satán se divierte|Satan s'amuse (Satan at Play)]]'' | [[Segundo de Chomón ]] || [[Julienne Mathieu ]] || France || [[Short film]] |- ! {{year header}} | [[1908 in film|1908]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1908 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' | [[Otis Turner]] || [[Hobart Bosworth]], [[Betty Harte]] || United States || [[Short film]]{{sfn|Kinnard|1999|p=24}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The_House_of_Ghosts|La maison ensorcelée (The Haunted House)]]'' | [[Segundo de Chomón ]] || [[Julienne Mathieu ]] || France || [[Short film]] |- |} ==Leɛkaa kyɛ meŋ== * [[Lists of horror films]] ==Sommo yizie== ===Gyerenɛ ko yizie=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Kinnard |first=Roy |year=1999 |title=Horror in Silent Films: A Filmography, 1896–1929 |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-0751-4 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Langman |first=Larry |year=1998 |title=American Film Cycles: The Silent Era |url=https://archive.org/details/americanfilmcycl0000lang |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-313-30657-0 }}<!-- --> * {{cite AV media |first=Georges |last=Méliès |author-link=Georges Méliès |year=2008 |title=Georges Méliès: First Wizard of Cinema |medium=short film collection; DVD |publisher=Flicker Alley |location=Los Angeles |isbn=978-1-893967-35-9 }}<!-- --> {{Refend}} ==Yeŋe linkiri== * [https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature,short&genres=horror&release_date=1900-01-01,1909-12-31&sort=num_votes,desc&adult=include Horror films of the 1900s] on [[Internet Movie Database]] {{Horror film}} {{Filmsbygenre}} {{use mdy dates|date=September 2020}} [[Category:Lists of horror films by decade|1900s]] [[Category:1900s horror films|*]] [[Category:Lists of 1900s films by genre|Horror]] 9hgcxq9lj7imu3czbi0xxivzuo4ilol 0 2070 63665 22103 2026-08-03T18:36:21Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63665 wikitext text/x-wiki A yoe ŋa '''list of [[horror film]]s''' a yi a yuomo [[1910s in film|1910s]] wɔgre. ==A yoe== {| class="wikitable" |+ Horror films naŋ yi a yuomo [[1910s in film|1910s]] saŋa |- ! scope="col" width="21%" | Yelzu ! scope="col" width="16%" | Director ! scope="col" width="22%" | Cast ! scope="col" width="13%" | Country ! scope="col" width="28%" | Subgenre/notes |- ! {{year header}} | [[1910 in film|1910]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Frankenstein (1910 film)|Frankenstein]]'' | [[J. Searle Dawley]] || [[Augustus Phillips]], [[Mary Fuller]], [[Charles Stanton Ogle|Charles Ogle]] || United States || [[Short film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v137493/cast_crew |work=[[Allmovie]]|title=Frankenstein&nbsp;– Cast and Crew |access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1911 in film|1911]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[L'Inferno]]'' | Francesco Bertolini, Adolfo Padovan, Giuseppe De Liguoro || Salvatore Papa, Arturo Pirovano, [[Giuseppe de Liguoro]], Augusto Milla || Italy || first full-length Italian [[feature film]]<ref name="Welle">{{cite book |last=Welle |first=John P. |editor-last=Iannucci |editor-first=Amilcare A. |contribution=Early Cinima, Dante's Inferno of 1911, and the Origins of Italian Film Culture |title=Dante, Cinema, and Television |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2004 |pages=36, 38–40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7oYFJXwbi9sC |isbn=0-8020-8827-9}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1912 in film|1912]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1912 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' | [[Lucius Henderson]] || [[James Cruze]] || United States || [[Short film]] |- ! {{left header}} | [[The System of Doctor Goudron|''Le Système du Docteur Goudron et du Professeur Plume'']] | [[Maurice Tourneur]] || [[Henri Gouget]], [[Henry Roussel]], [[Renée Sylvaire]] || France || [[Short film]], [[silent film]]{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=17}}{{hidden|multiline=y|fw1=normal|1=Alternative titles|2=Also known as ''The System of Doctor Goudron''}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Mask of Horror]]'' | [[Abel Gance]] || [[Édouard de Max]] || France || [[Short film]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''The Spider's Web'' | [[Van Dyke Brooke]], [[Maurice Costello]] || Charles Eldridge, [[Earle Williams]], Hal Wilson || United States || [[Short film]] |- ! {{year header}} | [[1913 in film|1913]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' | [[Herbert Brenon]] || [[King Baggot]], [[Jane Gail]], [[Matt Snyder]], [[Howard Crampton]] || United States || [[Short film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v14554|work=Allmovie|title=Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde|author=Clark, Julie |access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Student of Prague (1913 film)|The Student of Prague]]'' | [[Stellan Rye]], [[Paul Wegener]] || [[Paul Wegener]], [[John Gottowt]] || German Empire || |- ! {{left header}} | ''The Skull'' | [[William V. Ranous]] || [[Florence Turner]], Leo Delaney, Edwin R. Phillips || United States || [[Short film]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Werewolf (1913 film)|The Werewolf]]'' | Henry McRae || || United States || [[Short film]], [[lost film]]{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=18}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1914 in film|1914]] |- ! {{left header}} | '' [[The Avenging Conscience]]'' | [[D.W. Griffith]] || || United States || <ref>{{cite book |title=Horror Movies: An Illustrated Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KS-199-706 |last=Clarens |first=Carlos |year=1968 |publisher=[[Secker & Warburg]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/bwb_KS-199-706/page/60 60]}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1915 in film|1915]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Golem (1915 film)|Der Golem]]'' | [[Paul Wegener]], Henrik Galeen || [[Paul Wegener]], [[Carl Ebert]] || German Empire || [[Lost film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v93544|work=Allmovie|title=Der Golem|access-date=August 7, 2011|last=Wiener|first=Tom}}</ref>{{hidden|multiline=y|fw1=normal |1=Alternative titles |2=Also known as ''Der Golem'', ''The Monster of Fate''}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''The Haunting Fear'' | [[Robert G. Vignola]] || [[Alice Hollister]], [[Henry Hallam (actor)|Henry Hallam]], [[Anna Q. Nilsson]] || United States || [[Short film]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Life Without Soul]]'' | Joseph W. Smiley || [[Percy Standing]], [[Lucy Cotton]], [[Pauline Curley]] || United States || [[Lost film]]{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=20}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1916 in film|1916]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Crimson Stain Mystery]]'' | [[T. Hayes Hunter]] || [[Maurice Costello]], [[Ethel Grandin]] || United States || [[Film serial]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''Hævnens nat'' | [[Benjamin Christensen]] || Peter Fjelstrup, [[Charles Wilken]], Karen Caspersen || Denmark || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[A Night of Horror]]'' | Richard Oswald, Arthur Robison || || German Empire || [[Silent film]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Das Phantom der Oper]]'' | Ernst Matray|| [[Nils Olaf Chrisander|Nils Chrisander]], [[Aud Egede-Nissen]]|| German Empire || [[Silent film]], [[lost film]] |- ! {{year header}} | [[1917 in film|1917]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Fear (1917 film)|Fear]]'' | [[Robert Wiene]] || [[Bruno Decarli]], [[Conrad Veidt ]] || German Empire || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Der Golem und die Tänzerin]]'' | [[Rochus Gliese]], Paul Wegener || [[Paul Wegener]], [[Lyda Salmonova]] || German Empire || {{hidden|multiline=y|fw1=normal |1=Alternative titles |2=Also known as ''The Golem and the Dancing Girl''}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1918 in film|1918]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Alraune (1918 film)|Alraune]]'' | [[Michael Curtiz]], Fritz Odon || Rozsi Szollosi, Guyla Gál || Hungary<br/>Austria || [[Lost film]]{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=21}} |- ! {{year header}} | [[1919 in film|1919]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Beetle (film)|The Beetle]]'' | Alexander Butler || [[Maudie Dunham]], Hebden Foster, [[Fred Morgan (actor)|Fred Morgan]] || {{nowrap|United Kingdom}} || {{sfn|Young|2000|p=43}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Plague of Florence]]'' | [[Otto Rippert]]|| [[Theodor Becker (actor)|Theodor Becker]], Karl Bernhard, Julietta Brandt|| Germany || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Unheimliche Geschichten (1919 film)|Unheimliche Geschichten]]'' | [[Richard Oswald]] || [[Anita Berber]], [[Conrad Veidt]] || Germany || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=23}}{{hidden|multiline=y|fw1=normal |1=Alternative titles |2=Also known as ''Tales of the Uncanny'', ''Five Sinister Stories'', ''Tales of Horror''}} |} ==Leɛkaa kyɛ meŋ== *[[Lists of horror films]] ==Sommo yizie== ===Gyeremɛ yizie=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Hardy |editor-first=Phil |editor-link=Phil Hardy (journalist) |year=1995 |title=The Overlook Film Encyclopedia |volume=3 |publisher=[[Overlook Press]] |isbn=0-87951-624-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-ehQgAACAAJ&q=overlook+film+encyclopedia }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Young |first=R. G. |year=2000 |title=The Encyclopedia of Fantastic Film: Ali Baba to Zombies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoJ4jTghUPYC |publisher=[[Hal Leonard Corporation]] |isbn=1-55783-269-2 }}<!-- --> {{Refend}} ==External links== * [https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature,short&genres=horror&release_date=1910-01-01,1919-12-31&sort=num_votes,desc&adult=include Horror films of the 1910s] on [[Internet Movie Database]] {{Horror film}} {{Filmsbygenre}} {{use mdy dates|date=July 2011}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Horror Films Of The 1910s, List Of}} [[Category:Lists of horror films by decade|1910s]] [[Category:1910s horror films|*]] [[Category:Lists of 1910s films by genre|Horror]] dzpl6llsi4nt3w4391o8wjqh12301j3 0 2074 63671 22118 2026-08-03T18:44:31Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63671 wikitext text/x-wiki A [[Horror film|horror films]] yoe naŋ tutaa daaŋ yi la a yuomo [[1930s]] poɔŋ. ==A yoe tutaa== {| class="wikitable" |+ Horror films released in the [[1930s in film|1930s]] |- ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Director ! scope="col" | Cast ! scope="col" | Country ! scope="col" | Notes |- ! {{year header}} | 1930 |- ! {{year header}} | 1931 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dracula (1931 English-language film)|Dracula]]'' | [[Tod Browning]] || [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Helen Chandler]], [[David Manners]], [[Dwight Frye]], [[Edward Van Sloan]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dracula (1931 Spanish-language film)|Dracula]]'' | [[George Melford]] || [[Carlos Villarías]], [[Lupita Tovar]], [[Barry Norton]] | || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v14642|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|title=Dracula (Spanish Version)|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Svengali (1931 film)|Svengali]]'' | [[Archie Mayo]] || [[John Barrymore]], [[Marian Marsh]], [[Bramwell Fletcher]], [[Donald Crisp]], [[Carmel Myers]] || United States || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Frankenstein (1931 film)|Frankenstein]]'' | [[James Whale]] || [[Colin Clive]], [[Boris Karloff]], [[Dwight Frye]], [[Edward Van Sloan]], [[Mae Clarke]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' | [[Rouben Mamoulian]] || [[Fredric March]], [[Miriam Hopkins]], [[Rose Hobart]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Phantom (1931 film)|The Phantom]]'' | [[Alan James]] || [[Guinn "Big Boy" Williams]], [[Allene Ray]], [[Niles Welch]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v37914|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|title=The Phantom|author=Wollstein, Hans J}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | 1932 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Castle Sinister]]'' | [[Widgey R. Newman]] || [[Haddon Mason]], [[Wally Patch]] || {{nowrap|United Kingdom}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/nationalarchive/news/mostwanted/castle-sinister.html |title=Castle Sinister |work=75 Most Wanted |publisher=British Film Institute National Archive |access-date=October 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514023053/http://www.bfi.org.uk/nationalarchive/news/mostwanted/castle-sinister.html |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Doctor X (film)|Doctor X]]'' | [[Michael Curtiz]] || [[Lionel Atwill]], [[Lee Tracy]], [[Fay Wray]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Freaks (1932 film)|Freaks]]'' | [[Tod Browning]] || [[Wallace Ford]], [[Leila Hyams]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Island of Lost Souls (1932 film)|Island of Lost Souls]]'' | [[Erle C. Kenton]] || [[Charles Laughton]], [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Richard Arlen]], [[Leila Hyams]] || United States || {{sfn|Mank|2001|p=xvii}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Kongo (1932 film)|Kongo]]'' | William J. Cowen || [[Walter Huston]], [[Lupe Vélez]], [[Conrad Nagel]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v97958|work=Allmovie|title=Kongo|author=Brennan, Sandra|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref>{{sfn|Mank|2001|p=xvi}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Mask of Fu Manchu]]'' | [[Charles Brabin|Charles J. Brabin]], [[Charles Vidor]], [[King Vidor]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Lewis Stone]], [[Karen Morley]] || United States || {{sfn|Mank|2001|p=xvi}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Monster Walks]]'' | [[Frank R. Strayer]] || [[Vera Reynolds]], [[Sheldon Lewis]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Most Dangerous Game (film)|The Most Dangerous Game]]'' | [[Ernest B. Schoedsack]] || [[Joel McCrea]], [[Fay Wray]], [[Leslie Banks]]|| United States || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|pp=52-53}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Mummy (1932 film)|The Mummy]]'' | [[Karl Freund]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Zita Johann]], [[David Manners]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932 film)|Murders in the Rue Morgue]]'' | [[Robert Florey]] || [[Sidney Fox]], [[Bela Lugosi]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}}{{sfn|Mank|2001|p=xvi}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Old Dark House (1932 film)|The Old Dark House]]'' | [[James Whale]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Melvyn Douglas]], [[Charles Laughton]], [[Gloria Stuart]], [[Lilian Bond]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}}{{sfn|Mank|2001|p=xvi}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Unheimliche Geschichten (1932 film)|Unheimliche Geschichten]]'' | [[Richard Oswald]] || [[Paul Wegener]], [[Harald Paulsen]], Roma Bahn || Germany || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|pp=54-55}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Vampyr]]'' | [[Carl Theodor Dreyer]] || [[Nicolas de Gunzburg|Julian West]], [[Maurice Schutz]], Jan Hieronimko || France<br/>Germany || {{sfn|Wells|2000|p=50}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[White Zombie (film)|White Zombie]]'' | [[Victor Halperin]] || [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Madge Bellamy]], [[Joseph Cawthorn]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{year header}} | 1933 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[La Llorona (1933 film)|La Llorona]]'' | [[Ramón Peón]] || Ramón Pereda, Virginia Zuri, [[Carlos Orellana]] || Mexico || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=56}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Ghoul (1933 film)|The Ghoul]]'' | [[T. Hayes Hunter]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Cedric Hardwicke]], [[Ernest Thesiger]], [[Dorothy Hyson]], [[Anthony Bushell]] || United Kingdom || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Invisible Man (1933 film)|The Invisible Man]]'' | [[James Whale]] || [[Claude Rains]], [[Gloria Stuart]], [[Henry Travers]], [[William Harrigan]] || United States || {{sfn|Mank|2001|p=xvii}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Monkey's Paw (1933 film)|The Monkey's Paw]]'' | [[Wesley Ruggles]], [[Ernest B. Schoedsack]] || Ivan Simpson, [[C. Aubrey Smith]], [[Bramwell Fletcher]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v102738|title=The Monkey's Paw|work=Allmovie|author=Brennan, Sandra|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Murders in the Zoo]]'' | [[A. Edward Sutherland|Edward Sutherland]] || [[Charlie Ruggles]], [[Lionel Atwill]], [[Gail Patrick]], [[Randolph Scott]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Mystery of the Wax Museum]]'' | [[Michael Curtiz]] || [[Lionel Atwill]], [[Fay Wray]], [[Glenda Farrell]], [[Frank McHugh]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Night of Terror]]'' | [[Benjamin Stoloff]] || [[Bela Lugosi]], [[George Meeker]], [[Tully Marshall]] || United States || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=57}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Supernatural (film)|Supernatural]]'' | [[Victor Halperin]] || [[Carole Lombard]], [[Alan Dinehart]], [[Vivienne Osborne]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Vampire Bat]]'' | [[Frank R. Strayer|Frank Strayer]] || [[Lionel Atwill]], [[Fay Wray]], [[Melvyn Douglas]], [[Maude Eburne]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{year header}} | 1934 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Black Cat (1934 film)|The Black Cat]]'' | [[Edgar G. Ulmer]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Bela Lugosi]], [[David Manners]], [[Jacqueline Wells]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Black Moon (1934 film)|Black Moon]]'' | [[Roy William Neill]] || [[Jack Holt (actor)|Jack Holt]], [[Fay Wray]], [[Dorothy Burgess]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Chloe, Love Is Calling You]]'' | [[Marshall Neilan]] || [[Olive Borden]], [[Georgette Harvey]], [[Reed Howes]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v161588|work=Allmovie|title=Chloe|author=Firsching, Robert|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[House of Mystery (1934 film)|House of Mystery]]'' | [[William Nigh]] || Ed Lowry, [[Verna Hillie]], John Sheehan || United States || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=60}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Maniac (1934 film)|Maniac]]'' | [[Dwain Esper]] || [[Bill Woods]], Thea Ramsey || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[El fantasma del convento|The Phantom of the Convent]]'' | [[Fernando de Fuentes]] || Marta Roel, Carlos Villatoro, Enrique del Campo || Mexico || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=59}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Tell-Tale Heart (1934 film)|The Tell-Tale Heart]]'' | [[Brian Desmond Hurst]] || Norman Dryden, John Kelt, Yolande Terrell || United Kingdom || {{sfn|Chibnall|Petley|2002|p=64}} |- ! {{year header}} | 1935 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Black Room (1935 film)|The Black Room]]'' | [[Roy William Neill]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Marian Marsh]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Bride of Frankenstein]]'' | [[James Whale]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Colin Clive]], [[Valerie Hobson]], [[Elsa Lanchester]], [[Ernest Thesiger]], [[Dwight Frye]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Condemned to Live]]'' | Frank Strayer || [[Ralph Morgan]], [[Maxine Doyle]], Russell Gleason || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Crime of Dr. Crespi]]'' | [[John H. Auer]] || [[Erich von Stroheim]], [[Dwight Frye]], [[Paul Guilfoyle (actor born in 1902)|Paul Guilfoyle]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Mad Love (1935 film)|Mad Love]]'' | [[Karl Freund]] || [[Peter Lorre]], [[Frances Drake]], [[Colin Clive]], [[Ted Healy]], [[Sara Haden]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Mark of the Vampire]]'' | [[Tod Browning]] || [[Lionel Barrymore]], [[Elizabeth Allan]], [[Bela Lugosi]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Ouanga (film)|Ouanga]]'' | [[George Terwilliger]] || [[Fredi Washington]], [[Sheldon Leonard]], Philip Brandon || United States || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=63}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Raven (1935 film)|The Raven]]'' | [[Lew Landers]], Louis Friedlander || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Irene Ware]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Student of Prague (1935 film)|The Student of Prague]]'' | [[Arthur Robison]] || [[Anton Walbrook]], [[Dorothea Wieck]], [[Theodor Loos]] || Nazi Germany || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=64}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Werewolf of London]]'' | [[Stuart Walker (director)|Stuart Walker]] || [[Henry Hull]], [[Warner Oland]], [[Valerie Hobson]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{year header}} | 1936 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Devil-Doll]]'' | [[Tod Browning]] || [[Lionel Barrymore]], [[Maureen O'Sullivan]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v13499|work=Allmovie|title=The Devil-Doll|last=Erickson|first=Hal|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dracula's Daughter]]'' | [[Lambert Hillyer]] || [[Otto Kruger]], [[Gloria Holden]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Fährmann Maria]]'' | [[Frank Wisbar]] || [[Sybille Schmitz]], Peter Voss, [[Aribert Mog]] || Nazi Germany || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=66}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Le Golem|The Golem]]'' | [[Julien Duvivier]] || [[Harry Baur]], Germaine Dussey, [[Roger Karl]] || Czechoslovakia<br/>France || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=66}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Invisible Ray (1936 film)|The Invisible Ray]]'' | [[Lambert Hillyer]] || [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Frances Drake]], [[Frank Lawton]], [[Walter Kingsford]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''El Baúl Macabro'' | [[Miguel Zacarías]] || [[Esther Fernández]], Ramón Pereda, René Cardona || Mexico || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=65}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Man Who Changed His Mind]]'' | [[Robert Stevenson (director)|Robert Stevenson]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Anna Lee]], [[John Loder (actor)|John Loder]], [[Frank Cellier (actor)|Frank Cellier]] || United Kingdom || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Revolt of the Zombies]]'' | [[Victor Halperin]] || Dorothy Stone, [[Dean Jagger]], [[Roy D'Arcy]], Robert Noland || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]'' | [[George King (film director)|George King]] || [[Tod Slaughter]], [[Stella Rho]], [[John Singer (actor)|John Singer]], [[Eve Lister]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v120115|work=Allmovie|title=Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street|last=Hobart|first=Tana|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/release/sweeney-todd-the-demon-barber-of-fleet-street-e58766|format=DVD|work=Allmovie|title=Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street|last=Hobart|first=Tana|access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Walking Dead (1936 film)|The Walking Dead]]'' | [[Michael Curtiz]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Ricardo Cortez]], [[Edmund Gwenn]], [[Marguerite Churchill]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{year header}} | 1939 |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Buried Alive (1939 film)|Buried Alive]]'' | [[Victor Halperin]] || Paul McVey, [[Beverly Roberts]], [[Wheeler Oakman]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v7578|work=Allmovie|title=Buried Alive|author=Blaise, Judd|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Cat and the Canary (1939 film)|The Cat and the Canary]]'' | [[Elliott Nugent]] || [[Bob Hope]], [[Paulette Goddard]], [[John Beal (actor)|John Beal]] || United States || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=67}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Dark Eyes of London (film)|The Dark Eyes of London]]'' | [[Walter Summers]] || [[Béla Lugosi]], [[Hugh Williams]], [[Greta Gynt]] || United Kingdom || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|pp=67-68}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Face at the Window (1939 film)|The Face at the Window]]'' | [[George King (film director)|George King]] || [[Tod Slaughter]], [[John Warwick]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v16534|work=Allmovie|last=Binion|first=Cavett|title=The Face at the Window|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Gorilla (1939 film)|The Gorilla]]'' | [[Allan Dwan]] || [[Ritz Brothers]], [[Anita Louise]], [[Patsy Kelly]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v203918|work=Allmovie|title=The Gorilla|author=Blackburn, Steve|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''La Herencia Macabra'' | [[José Bohr]] || Miguel Arenas, Consuela Frank, Ramón Armengod || Mexico || {{sfn|Hardy|1995|pp=68-69}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Man They Could Not Hang]]'' | [[Nick Grinde]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Lorna Gray]], [[Robert Wilcox (actor)|Robert Wilcox]], [[Don Beddoe]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Return of Doctor X]]'' | [[Vincent Sherman]] || [[Humphrey Bogart]], [[Rosemary Lane (actress)|Rosemary Lane]], [[Dennis Morgan]], [[John Litel]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v107671|work=Allmovie|title=The Return of Doctor X|last=Brennan|first=Sandra|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Son of Frankenstein]]'' | [[Rowland V. Lee]] || [[Basil Rathbone]], [[Boris Karloff]], [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Lionel Atwill]], [[Josephine Hutchinson]] || United States || {{sfn|AFI|1993|p=1090}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Torture Ship]]'' | [[Victor Halperin]] || [[Lyle Talbot]], [[Irving Pichel]], [[Julie Bishop (actress)|Julie Bishop]], [[Sheila Bromley]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v50498|work=Allmovie|last=Eder|first=Bruce|title=Torture Ship|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |} ==Leɛkaa kyɛ meŋ== * [[Lists of horror films]] ==Sommo yizie== ===Gyeremɛ yizie=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=American Film Institute |author-link=American Film Institute |year=1993 |title=The American Film Institute catalog of motion pictures produced in the United States, Volume 1,&nbsp;Part 2 |publisher=University of California Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e024jm9X7gQC |isbn=0-520-07908-6 |ref={{sfnRef|AFI|1993}}}}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last1=Baumgartner |first1=Holly Lynn |last2=Davis |first2=Roger |year=2008 |title=Hosting the Monster |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-0-7864-0988-4 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last1=Chibnall |first1=Steve |last2=Petley |first2=Julian |year=2002 |title=British horror cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/britishhorrorcin0000unse |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-23004-7 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |editor-last=Hardy |editor-first=Phil |editor-link=Phil Hardy (journalist) |year=1995 |title=The Overlook Film Encyclopedia |volume=3 |publisher=Overlook Press |isbn=0-87951-624-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-ehQgAACAAJ&q=overlook+film+encyclopedia }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Mank |first=Gregory William |year=2001 |title=Hollywood Cauldron: Thirteen Horror Films from the Genre's Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcauldro0000mank |publisher=McFarland |isbn=0-7864-1112-0 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Prawer |first=Siegbert Salomon |year=1989 |title=Caligari's Children: The Film as Tale of Terror |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=0-306-80347-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuqUileC_ZcC }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Prince |first=Stephen |year=2004 |title=The Horror Film |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0813533627 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=0-8135-3363-5 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Gary Don |year=2001 |title=White Zombie: Anatomy of a Horror Film |url=https://archive.org/details/whitezombieanato0000rhod |publisher=McFarland |isbn=0-7864-0988-6 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Wells |first=Paul |year=2000 |title=The horror genre: from Beelzebub to Blair Witch |publisher=Wallflower Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLqCRRbx1bsC |isbn=1-903364-00-0 }}<!-- --> * {{cite book |last=Worland |first=Rick |year=2007 |title=The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |isbn=978-1-4051-3902-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN1405139021 }}<!-- --> {{Refend}} ==External links== * [https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature,short&genres=horror&release_date=1930-01-01,1939-12-31&sort=num_votes,desc&adult=include Horror films of the 1930s] on [[Internet Movie Database]] {{Horror film}} {{Filmsbygenre}} {{use mdy dates|date=July 2011}} [[Category:1930s horror films|*]] [[Category:Lists of horror films by decade|1930s]] [[Category:Lists of 1930s films by genre|Horror]] rn5smmino5758to43t0moi4jn0b302q 0 2076 63674 29601 2026-08-03T18:46:22Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63674 wikitext text/x-wiki A [[Horror film|horror films]] yoe naŋ tutaa daaŋ yi la a yuomo [[1950s]] poɔŋ. == A yoe tutaa == {| class="wikitable" |+ Horror films released in the [[1950s in film|1950s]] |- ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Director ! scope="col" | Cast ! scope="col" | Country ! scope="col" | Notes |- ! {{year header}} | [[1951 in film|1951]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Bride of the Gorilla]]'' | [[Curt Siodmak]] || [[Barbara Payton]], [[Lon Chaney Jr.]], [[Raymond Burr]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v7095|title=Bride of the Gorilla|work=[[Allmovie]]|author=Erickson, Hal|author-link=Hal Erickson (author)|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Thing from Another World]]'' | [[Christian Nyby]] || [[James Arness]], [[Margaret Sheridan (actress)|Margaret Sheridan]], [[Kenneth Tobey]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-thing-v49461|title=The Thing(1951)|work=[[Allmovie]]|author=Erickson, Hal|author-link=Hal Erickson (author)|access-date=April 22, 2018}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Son of Dr. Jekyll]]'' | Seymour Friedman || [[Louis Hayward]], [[Jody Lawrance]], [[Alexander Knox]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v110983|title=The Son of Dr. Jekyll|work=Allmovie|publisher=Rovi Corporation|author=Erickson, Hal|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Strange Door]]'' | [[Joseph Pevney]] || [[Charles Laughton]], [[Boris Karloff]], [[Sally Forrest]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v111923|title=The Strange Door|work=Allmovie|publisher=Rovi Corporation|author=Erickson, Hal|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1952 in film|1952]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Black Castle]]'' | [[Nathan H. Juran]] || [[Richard Greene]], [[Boris Karloff]], [[Lon Chaney Jr.]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v85169|title=The Black Castle|work=Allmovie|author=Erickson, Hal|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Mother Riley Meets the Vampire]]'' | [[John Gilling]] || [[Arthur Lucan]], [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Dora Bryan]]|| {{nowrap|United Kingdom}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v104619|title=My Son, the Vampire|work=Allmovie|author=Eder, Bruce|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1953 in film|1953]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms]]'' | [[Eugène Lourié]] || [[Paul Hubschmid|Paul Christian]], [[Paula Raymond]], [[Cecil Kellaway]] || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-beast-from-20000-fathoms-v4460|title = The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953) - Eugene Lourie &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[House of Wax (1953 film)|House of Wax]]'' | [[André De Toth]] || [[Vincent Price]], [[Frank Lovejoy]], [[Phyllis Kirk]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v23367|title=House of Wax|work=Allmovie|author=Erickson, Hal|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Ghost of Saga Mansion]]'' | [[Ryohei Arai (director)|Ryohei Arai]] || [[Kōtarō Bandō]], [[Kunitarō Sawamura]], [[Takako Irie]] || Japan ||<ref>{{jmdb title|year=1953|id=cc002310|title=怪談佐賀屋敷}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Maze (1953 film)|The Maze]]'' | [[William Cameron Menzies]] || [[Richard Carlson (actor)|Richard Carlson]], [[Veronica Hurst]], [[Katherine Emery]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v158980|title=The Maze|work=Allmovie|author=Erickson, Hal|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Neanderthal Man]]'' | [[Ewald André Dupont]] || [[Robert Shayne]], [[Doris Merrick]], [[Richard Crane (actor)|Richard Crane]]||United States|| |- ! {{year header}} | [[1954 in film|1954]] |- ! {{left header}} | '' [[Godzilla (1954 film)|Godzilla]]'' | [[Ishirō Honda]] || [[Akira Takarada]], [[Akihiko Hirata]], [[Takashi Shimura]] || Japan (released in the United States in 1956 with added Raymond Burr footage) || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Creature from the Black Lagoon]]'' | [[Jack Arnold (director)|Jack Arnold]] || [[Richard Carlson (actor)|Richard Carlson]], [[Julie Adams]], [[Richard Denning]] || United States || Science fiction horror |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[La Bruja (film)|La Bruja]]'' | [[Chano Urueta]] || Lilia del Valle, Ramón Gay || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v333985/cast_crew|title=La Bruja&nbsp;–Cast and Crew|work=Allmovie|access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Mad Magician]]'' | [[John Brahm]] || [[Vincent Price]], [[Mary Murphy (actress)|Mary Murphy]], [[Eva Gabor]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v100805|title=The Mad Magician|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Legare, Patrick}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Snow Creature]]'' | [[W. Lee Wilder]] || [[Paul Langton]], Leslie Denison, [[Teru Shimada]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v45367|title=The Snow Creature|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Them!]]'' | [[Gordon Douglas (director)|Gordon Douglas]] || [[James Whitmore]], [[Edmund Gwenn]], Joan Weldon, [[James Arness]] || United States || Science fiction horror |- ! {{year header}} | [[1955 in film|1955]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy]]'' | [[Charles Lamont]] || [[Bud Abbott]], [[Lou Costello]], [[Marie Windsor]] || United States || Horror comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v7096|title=Bride of the Monster|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Eder, Bruce}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Bride of the Monster]]'' | [[Ed Wood]] || [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Tor Johnson]], Tony McCoy || United States || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/bride-of-the-monster-v7096|title=Bride of the Monster (1955) - Edward D. Wood Jr., Edward D. Wood &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Creature with the Atom Brain (film)|Creature with the Atom Brain]]'' | [[Edward L. Cahn]] || [[Richard Danning]], [[Angela Stevens]], [[S. John Launer]] || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047960/|title = Creature with the Atom Brain|website = [[IMDb]]|date = September 28, 1955}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Cult of the Cobra]]'' | [[Francis D. Lyon]] || [[Faith Domergue]], [[Richard Long (actor)|Richard Long]], [[Marshall Thompson]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v88339|title=Cult of the Cobra|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Brennan, Sandra}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Dementia (1955 film)|Dementia]]'' | [[John Parker (director)|John Parker]] || Adrienne Barrett, Bruno VeSota, Ben Roseman, [[Richard Barron]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v12470|title=Dementia: Daughter of Horror|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[It Came from Beneath the Sea]]'' | [[Robert Gordon (director)|Robert Gordon]] || [[Kenneth Tobey]], [[Faith Domergue]], [[Donald Curtis]] || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/it-came-from-beneath-the-sea-v25501|title=It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955) - Robert Gordon &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Les Diaboliques (film)|Les Diaboliques]]'' | [[Henri-Georges Clouzot]] || [[Simone Signoret]], [[Véra Clouzot]] || France || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/22/les-diaboliques-clouzot|work=The Guardian|access-date=June 21, 2017|author=O'Neill, Phelim|title=Les Diaboliques: No 19 best horror film of all time|date=October 22, 2010}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Night of the Hunter (film)|Night of the Hunter]]'' | [[Charles Laughton]] || [[Robert Mitchum]], [[Shelley Winters]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/best-horror-films#tab_panel_4|work=TimeOut|access-date=June 21, 2017|author=Huddleston, Tom|title=The 100 best horror movies - the scariest films ranked by experts|display-authors=etal}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1956 in film|1956]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Invasion of the Body Snatchers]]'' | [[Don Siegel]] || [[Kevin McCarthy (actor)|Kevin McCarthy]], [[Dana Wynter]], [[Larry Gates]] || United States ||Science fiction horror<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/invasion-of-the-body-snatchers-v25288|publisher=AllMovie|title=Invasion of the Body Snatchers|access-date=December 30, 2020|last=Deming|first=Mark}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Black Sleep]]'' | [[Reginald Le Borg]] || [[Basil Rathbone]], [[Akim Tamiroff]], [[Lon Chaney Jr.]], [[Bela Lugosi]], [[John Carradine]], [[Tor Johnson]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v85250|title=The Black Sleep|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Man Beast (film)|Man Beast]]'' | [[Jerry Warren]] || Rock Madison, Asa Maynor, George Skaff || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/51911?sid=6643920d-c8df-42df-8240-82b8b50dcea6&sr=4.308368&cp=1&pos=3|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|title=Man Beast|access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref>{{sfn|Weaver|2006|p=371}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Mole People]]'' | [[Virgil Vogel]] || [[John Agar]], Cynthia Patrick, [[Hugh Beaumont]] || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v33053|title=The Mole People|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The She-Creature]]'' | [[Edward L. Cahn]] || [[Chester Morris]], [[Marla English]], [[Tom Conway]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v109837|title=The She-Creature|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Brennan, Sandra}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1957 in film|1957]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Abominable Snowman (film)|The Abominable Snowman of the Himalayas]]'' | [[Val Guest]] || [[Forrest Tucker]], [[Peter Cushing]], [[Maureen Connell]] || United Kingdom<br/>United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v83031|title=The Abominable Snowman|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Firsching, Robert}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Attack of the Crab Monsters]]'' | [[Roger Corman]] || [[Richard Garland]], [[Pamela Duncan (actress)|Pamela Duncan]], [[Russell Johnson]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/attack-of-the-crab-monsters-vm1057475|title=Attack of the Crab Monsters|work=Allmovie|access-date=May 1, 2023|author=Strider, Dave}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Back from the Dead (film)|Back from the Dead]]'' | [[Charles Marquis Warren]] || [[Peggie Castle]], [[Arthur Franz]], [[Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917)|Marsha Hunt]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v84256|title=Back from the Dead|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Black Scorpion (film)|The Black Scorpion]]'' | [[Edward Ludwig]] || [[Richard Denning]], [[Mara Corday]], [[Carlos Rivas (actor)|Carlos Rivas]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v5938|title=The Black Scorpion|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Blood of Dracula]]'' | [[Herbert L. Strock]] || Sandra Harrison, Gail Ganley, [[Jerry Blaine]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v6143|title=Blood of Dracula|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Cat Girl]]'' | [[Alfred Shaughnessy]] || [[Barbara Shelley]], [[Robert Ayres (actor)|Robert Ayres]], [[Kay Callard]] || United Kingdom<br/>United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v8593|title=Cat Girl|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Curse of Frankenstein]]'' | [[Terence Fisher]] || [[Peter Cushing]], [[Christopher Lee]], [[Hazel Court]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v11806|title=The Curse of Frankenstein|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Daughter of Dr. Jekyll]]'' | [[Edgar G. Ulmer]] || [[John Agar]], [[Gloria Talbott]], [[Arthur Shields]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v12468|title=Daughter of Dr. Jekyll|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Disembodied (film)|The Disembodied]]'' | [[Walter Grauman]] || [[Paul Burke (actor)|Paul Burke]], [[Allison Hayes]], [[John Wengraf]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v89568|title=The Disembodied|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[From Hell It Came]]'' | [[Dan Milner (film editor)|Dan Milner]]|| [[Tina Carver]], [[Baynes Barron]], [[Suzanne Ridgeway]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v92408|title=From Hell It Came|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Giant Claw]]'' | [[Fred F. Sears]] || [[Jeff Morrow]], [[Mara Corday]] || United States || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050432/ |title = The Giant Claw|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Curse of the Aztec Mummy|La Maldicion de la Momia Azteca]]'' (aka ''Curse of the Aztec Mummy'') | Rafael Lopez Portillo || Julian DeMeriche, [[Alejandro Cruz (actor)|Alejandro Cruz]], Arturo Martinez Sr. || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v88371|title=La Maldicion de la Momia Azteca|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Brennan, Sandra}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Aztec Mummy|La Momia Azteca]]'' (aka ''The Aztec Mummy'') | Rafael Lopez Portillo || [[Emma Roldan]], [[Jorge Mondragon (actor)|Jorge Mondragon]], Arturo Martinez Sr. || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v150085|title=La Momia Azteca|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Monster That Challenged the World]]'' | [[Arnold Laven]] || [[Tim Holt]], [[Audrey Dalton]], [[Mimi Gibson]] || [[United States]] || Science fiction<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-monster-that-challenged-the-world-v33176 | title=The Monster That Challenged the World (1957) - Arnold Laven &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie }}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Night of the Demon]]'' (aka ''Curse of the Demon'') | [[Jacques Tourneur]] || [[Dana Andrews]], [[Peggy Cummins]], [[Niall MacGinnis]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v11817|title=Night of the Demon|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Pharaoh's Curse (film)|Pharaoh's Curse]]'' | [[Lee Sholem]] || Mark Dana, Ziva Rodann ||United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/pharaohs-curse-v106037|title=Pharaoh's Curse|work=AllMovie|access-date=May 2, 2017|author=Wollstein, Hans J.}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Plan 9 from Outer Space]]'' | [[Ed Wood]] || [[Bela Lugosi]], [[Tor Johnson]], [[Maila Nurmi]] || United States||Shot in 1956, released in 1957<br> Science fiction horror<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/plan-9-from-outer-space-v38287|title = Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959) - Edward D. Wood Jr., Edward D. Wood &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Robot vs the Aztec Mummy]]'' | Rafael Lopez Portillo || [[Emma Roldan]], [[Jorge Mondragon (actor)|Jorge Mondragon]], Arturo Martinez Sr. || Mexico || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Spook Chasers]]'' | [[George Blair (director)|George Blair]] || [[Huntz Hall]], [[Robert Shayne]] ||United States || Horror comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/spook-chasers-v111398|title=Spook Chasers|work=AllMovie|access-date=May 2, 2017|author=Brennan, Sandra}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Undead (film)|The Undead]]'' | [[Roger Corman]] || [[Pamela Duncan (actress)|Pamela Duncan]], [[Richard Garland]], [[Allison Hayes]], [[Val Dufour]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v51704|title=The Undead|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | [[The Vampire (1957 film)|''The Vampire'']] | [[Paul Landres]] || [[John Beal (actor)|John Beal]], [[Kenneth Tobey]], [[Dabbs Greer]]||United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-vampire-v52165|title=The Vampire |work=Allmovie|access-date=May 2, 2017|author=Warren, Bill}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[I Vampiri]]'' (aka ''The Devil's Commandment'') | [[Riccardo Freda]], [[Mario Bava]], Riccardo Freda|| [[Gianna Maria Canale]], [[Carlo D'Angelo]], [[Dario Michaelis]] ||Italy ||{{sfn|Curti|2015|p=21}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Voodoo Island]]'' | [[Reginald Le Borg]] || [[Boris Karloff]], Beverly Tyler, Murvyn Vye || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v115749|title=Voodoo Island|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Voodoo Woman]]'' | [[Edward L. Cahn]] || [[Marla English]], [[Tom Conway]], [[Lance Fuller]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v53021|title=Voodoo Island|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1958 in film|1958]] |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Blob]]'' | [[Irvin Yeaworth]] || [[Steve McQueen]], [[Aneta Corsaut]], Earl Rowe || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-blob-v6070 | title=The Blob (1958) - Irvin S. Yeaworth Jr., Irvin Shortess Yeaworth, Jr., Irvin S. Yeaworth &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Blood of the Vampire]]'' | [[Henry Cass]] || [[Donald Wolfit]], [[Vincent Ball]], [[Barbara Shelley]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v6154|title=Blood of the Vampire|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Black Cat Mansion]]'' | [[Nobuo Nakagawa]] || Toshio Hosokawa, Yuriko Ejima, Takashi Wada || Japan || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v316174|title=Black Cat Mansion|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Brain Eaters]]'' | Bruno Ve Sota || [[Ed Nelson]], Alan Frost, Jack Hill || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v6920|title=The Brain Eaters|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Eder, Bruce}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | [[The Bride and the Beast (film)|''The Bride and the Beast'']] | Adrian Weiss || Charlotte Austin, Lance Fuller, Johnny Roth || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v7085|title=Bride and the Beast|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Castle of the Monsters]]'' | [[Julián Soler]] || Antonio Espino, Evangelina Elizondo || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v8576|title=El Castillo de los Monstruos|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erlewine, Iotis}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Corridors of Blood]]'' | [[Robert Day (director)|Robert Day]] || [[Boris Karloff]], [[Christopher Lee]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v11031|title=Corridors of Blood|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Crawling Eye]]'' (aka ''The Trollenberg Terror'') | [[Quentin Lawrence]] || [[Forrest Tucker]], [[Laurence Payne]], [[Jennifer Jayne]] || United Kingdom || |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Curse of the Faceless Man]]'' | [[Edward L. Cahn]] || [[Richard Anderson]], [[Elaine Edwards (actress)|Elaine Edwards]], [[Adele Mara]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v88376|title=Curse of the Faceless Man|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Eder, Bruce}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Fly (1958 film)|The Fly]]'' | [[Kurt Neumann (director)|Kurt Neumann]] || [[Al Hedison]], [[Patricia Owens]], [[Vincent Price]] || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-fly-v17924|title=The Fly (1958) - Kurt Neumann &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Giant from the Unknown]]'' | [[Richard E. Cunha]] || [[Ed Kemmer]], [[Sally Fraser]], [[Buddy Baer]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/giant-from-the-unknown-v19716|title=Giant from the Unknown|work=Allmovie|access-date=May 2, 2017|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Haunted Strangler]]'' (aka ''Grip of the Strangler'') | [[Robert Day (director)|Robert Day]] || [[Boris Karloff]], Jean Kent || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v11031|title=Corridors of Blood|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Hideous Sun Demon]]'' | Tom Boutross, [[Robert Clarke]] || Robert Clarke, Patricia Manning, Nan Peterson || [[United States]] || Science fiction horror<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-hideous-sun-demon-v22346 | title=The Hideous Sun Demon (1959) - Thomas Bontross, Gianbatista Cassarino, Robert Clarke &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie }}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[El hombre y el monstruo]]'' (''The Man and the Monster'') | [[Rafael Baledon]] || Abel Salazar || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v127263|title=El hombre y el monstruo|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Horror of Dracula]]'' | [[Terence Fisher]] || [[Peter Cushing]], [[Christopher Lee]], [[Melissa Stribling]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v23155|title=Dracula|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[I Bury the Living]]'' | [[Albert Band]] || [[Richard Boone]], [[Theodore Bikel]], Peggy Maurer || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v24022|title=I Bury the Living|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[It! The Terror from Beyond Space]]'' | [[Edward L. Cahn]] || [[Marshall Thompson]], [[Shirley Patterson]], Kim Spaldin || [[United States]] || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/it%21-the-terror-from-beyond-space-v25528 | title=It! The Terror from Beyond Space (1958) - Edward L. Cahn &#124; Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related &#124; AllMovie }}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Macabre (1958 film)|Macabre]]'' | [[William Castle]] || [[Jacqueline Scott]], [[Jim Backus]], [[Philip Tonge]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v100770|title=Macabre|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Monster on the Campus]]'' | [[Jack Arnold (director)|Jack Arnold]] || [[Joanna Moore]], [[Troy Donahue]], [[Nancy Walters]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v102768|title=Monster on the Campus|work=Allmovie|access-date=May 7, 2019|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Return of Dracula]]'' | [[Paul Landres]] || [[Francis Lederer]]|| United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-curse-of-dracula-v88365|title=Return of Dracula|work=Allmovie|access-date=May 2, 2017|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Screaming Skull]]'' | [[Alex Nicol]] || [[John Hudson (actor)|John Hudson]], Peggy Webber, Toni Johnson || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v43259|title=The Screaming Skull|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''Terror in the Haunted House'' (aka ''[[My World Dies Screaming]]'') | [[Harold Daniels]] || [[Gerald Mohr]], [[Cathy O'Donnell]], [[William Ching]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=52674|publisher=American Film Institute|title=My World Dies Screaming|access-date=May 2, 2017}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Thing That Couldn't Die]]'' | Will Cowan || [[William Reynolds (actor)|William Reynolds]], [[Andra Martin]], Jeffrey Stone || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v113300|title=The Thing That Couldn't Die|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Blaise, Judd}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Vampire's Coffin]]'' | Fernando Mendez || [[Abel Salazar (actor)|Abel Salazar]] || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v52178|title=El Ataud del Vampiro|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erlewine, Iotis}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Woman Eater]]'' | [[Charles Saunders (director)|Charles Saunders]] || [[George Coulouris]], [[Vera Day]] || United Kingdom ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-woman-eater-v117427|publisher=AllMovie|title=The Woman Eater|access-date=May 2, 2017|last=Eder|first=Bruce}}</ref> |- ! {{year header}} | [[1959 in film|1959]] |- |'''''[[Attack of the Giant Leeches]]''''' || Bernard Kowalski || Jan Shepard, [[Gene Roth]], [[Yvette Vickers]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v3265|title=Attack of the Giant Leeches|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Beast from Haunted Cave]]'' | [[Monte Hellman]] || [[Michael Forest]], [[Frank Wolff (actor)|Frank Wolff]], [[Chris Robinson (actor)|Chris Robinson]] || United States ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53086|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Beast from Haunted Cave|access-date=May 2, 2017}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[A Bucket of Blood]]'' | [[Roger Corman]] || [[Dick Miller]], [[Barboura Morris]], Anthony Carbone || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v7368|title=A Bucket of Blood|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Caltiki&nbsp;– The Immortal Monster]]'' | [[Riccardo Freda]], [[Mario Bava]]|| [[John Merivale]], [[Didi Perego]], [[Gérard Herter]] || Italy<br/>France || {{sfn|Curti|2017|p=315}}<ref name="EderAllMovie">{{cite web |url=https://allmovie.com/movie/caltiki-il-mostro-immortale-v86507/review |title=Caltiki - Il Mostro Immortale (1959) |last=Eder|first=Bruce |work=[[AllMovie]] |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Head (1959 film)|The Head]]'' | [[Victor Trivas]]|| [[Horst Frank]], [[Michel Simon]], [[Paul Dahlke (actor)|Paul Dahlke]] || West Germany || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-head-v21795 |title=Caltiki - Il Mostro Immortale (1959) |last=Mannikka|first=Eleanor |work=[[AllMovie]] |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmportal.de/en/movie/die-nackte-und-der-satan_ea43d4a7a79d5006e03053d50b37753d|publisher=[[Filmportal.de]]|title=Die Nackte und der Satan|access-date=December 30, 2020}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[House of Terror (1960 film)|La Casa del Terror]]'' | [[Gilberto Martínez Solares]] || [[Lon Chaney Jr.]], [[Tin-Tan]], [[Yolanda Varela]] || Mexico || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v16541|title=La Casa del Terror|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Blaise, Judd}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Curse of the Undead]]'' | Edward Dein || [[Eric Fleming]], [[Michael Pate]], [[Kathleen Crowley]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v88385|title=Curse of the Undead|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Eder, Bruce}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Four Skulls of Jonathan Drake]]'' | [[Edward L. Cahn]] || [[Eduard Franz]], [[Valerie French (actress)|Valerie French]], [[Henry Daniell]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v92228|title=The Four Skulls of Jonathan Drake|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Brennan, Sandra}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow]]'' | William J. Hole Jr. || Jody Fair, Martin Braddock, Russ Bender || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v92923|title=The Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Tokaido Yotsuya kaidan]]'' (aka ''The Ghost of Yotsuya'') | [[Nobuo Nakagawa]] || Shigeru Amachi, Noriko Kitazawa || Japan || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v19669|title=The Ghost of Yotsuya|work=Allmovie|author=Dorset, Jeaniff |access-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Giant Gila Monster]]'' | [[Ray Kellogg]] || Don Sullivan, [[Fred Graham (actor)|Fred Graham]] || United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v19709|title=The Giant Gila Monster|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Erickson, Hal}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[House on Haunted Hill]]'' | [[William Castle]] || [[Vincent Price]], [[Carol Ohmart]], [[Richard Long (actor)|Richard Long]] || United States || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/52597-HOUSE-ON-HAUNTED-HILL?sid=1fdf3fab-e0e2-4277-bc4e-e3a1b0abb772&sr=4.7476287&cp=1&pos=0|title=House on Haunted Hill|website=American Film Institute|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Jack the Ripper (1959 film)|Jack the Ripper]]'' | [[Monty Berman]], [[Robert S. Baker]] || [[Eddie Byrne]], [[Lee Patterson]] || United Kingdom || |- ! {{left header}} | ''La Llorona'' (a.k.a. ''The Crying Woman'') | René Cardona, Sr. || [[María Elena Marqués]] || Mexico || {{sfn|Harwell|1997|p=157}} |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Man Who Could Cheat Death]]'' | [[Terence Fisher]] || [[Anton Diffring]], [[Hazel Court]], [[Christopher Lee]] || United Kingdom<br/>United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v101363|title=The Man Who Could Cheat Death|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Binion, Cavett}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Mummy (1959 film)|The Mummy]]'' | [[Terence Fisher]] || [[Peter Cushing]], [[Christopher Lee]], [[Yvonne Furneaux]] || United Kingdom || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v33764|title=The Mummy|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Bush, John}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Teenagers from Outer Space (film)|Teenagers from Outer Space]]'' | [[Tom Graeff]] || David Love, [[Dawn Bender]], Bryan Grant || [[United States]] || Science fiction horror<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/teenagers-from-outer-space-vm1072267</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Terror Is a Man]]'' | [[Gerardo de León]] || [[Francis Lederer]], [[Greta Thyssen]], [[Richard Derr]] || Philippines<br/>United States || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v49143|title=Terror Is a Man|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Deming, Mark}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[The Tingler]]'' | [[William Castle]] || [[Vincent Price]], [[Judith Evelyn]], [[Darryl Hickman]] || United States || Science fiction horror<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v113916|title=The Tingler|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Seibert, Perry}}</ref> |- ! {{left header}} | ''[[Uncle Was a Vampire]]'' (aka ''Hard Times for Vampires'') | [[Stefano Vanzina|Steno]] || [[Sylva Koscina]], [[Christopher Lee]] || Italy || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/v51695|title=Tempi duri per i vampiri|work=Allmovie|access-date=August 7, 2011|author=Brennan, Sandra}}</ref> |} ==Leɛkaa kyɛ meŋ== * [[Lists of horror films]] ==Sommo yizie== ===Gyeremɛ yizie=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Riccardo Freda: The Life and Works of a Born Filmmaker |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1476628387 |year=2017 }} * {{cite book |last=Derrey |first=Charles |year=2009 |title=Dark dreams 2.0: a psychological history of the modern horror film |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-3397-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loUaJC9VBMUC }} * {{cite book |last=Harwell |first=Thomas Meade |year=1997 |title=Studies in Texan folklore&nbsp;– Rio Grande Valley |location=Lewiston |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |isbn=0-7734-4208-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loUaJC9VBMUC }} * {{cite book |last=Hutchings |first=Peter |year=1993 |title=Hammer and Beyond: The British Horror Film |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=0-7190-3720-4 }} * {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1957–1969 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1476619897 |year=2015 }} * {{cite book|title=The Definitive Guide to Horror Movies|url=https://archive.org/details/definitiveguidet0000kimn|last1=Marriott|first1=James|last2=Newman|first2=Kim|author-link1=James Marriott (author)|author-link2=Kim Newman|year=2018|orig-year=1st pub. 2006|publisher=[[Carlton Publishing Group|Carlton Books]]|location=London|isbn=9781787391390}} *{{cite book|title=Interviews with B Science Fiction and Horror Movie Makers|url=https://archive.org/details/interviewswithbs0000weav|publisher=McFarland|last=Weaver|first=Tom|year=2006|isbn=0786428589}} *{{cite book|title=Keep Watching the Skies!: American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties, The 21st Century Edition|last=Warren|first=Bill|publisher=McFarland|date=2009|isbn=978-0786442300|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/keepwatchingskie0000warr}} {{Refend}} ==Yeŋe Sommo Mine== * [https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature,short&genres=horror&release_date=1950-01-01,1959-12-31&sort=num_votes,desc&adult=include Horror films of the 1950s] on [[Internet Movie Database]] [[Category:1950s horror films|*]] [[Category:Lists of horror films by decade|1950s]] [[Category:Lists of 1950s films by genre|Horror]] [[Category: Dagaare]] [[Category: Gampɛlɛ zaa]] 1axxuy75snu6vaedju9suh0xzu4v720 0 5172 63679 47049 2026-08-03T18:50:53Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q6450349}} '''Kwesi Abotsia Dickson''' FGA (7 July 1929 – 28 October 2005) e la Ghanaian Christian theologian. Ona da la a wedera ayɔpoi soba ko a Methodist Church Ghana ane a professor ko a University of Ghana, Legon. == O Nyɔvooroŋ Ane o Ganzanne == Kwesi Dickson dɔgebo zie da la Saltpond na be a Central Region a Ghana.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=94452</ref> O gaa la o sakuuri Mfantsipim Sakuuri na be Cape Coast. O baare la a o basic ministerial training a Trinity Theological Seminary (na da e Trinity College a be Kumasi) a 1951. O da la gaa la University of Ghana, na da e University College ko a Gold Coast. Yi be o da gaa la United Kingdom be a o postgraduate zanno da be Mansfield College, Oxford a Oxford University.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110724211053/http://www.a-asr.org/PDF/AASRBulletin24.pdf</ref> == Toma Yele == Dickson da nyԑ la sagedeebo a ministry na be a Methodist Church a Ghana British Methodist Conference 1957. O da toŋ la tontԑԑtԑԑ a University of Ghana a ta yuomo ata a 1989. Ona la da e a wedera ko a depaatemen na zanna a Religions, Dean ko a Faculty of Arts, Master ko a Commonwealth Hall, dean dԑndԑŋ̍ soba ko a karembiiri ane a daarata ko Institute of African Studies.<ref>http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Institue%20of%20African%20Studies%20Research%20Review/1989v5n1/asrv005001007.pdf</ref> O na da nyɛ leɛroo yi Kwame Arhin. Wagere mine poɔ, o da e la adjunct professor ko Old Testament ane Hebrew a Trinity Theological Seminary, Legon. O meŋ da paale la a Ghana Academy of Arts ane Sciences. Ona da la a wedera ta yuomo ayi mine. O meŋ da toŋԑԑ a University na be a Swaziland a da e visiting professor. A 1989, ba da vootu o la ka o da e a wedera ko a Methodist Church Ghana. O da toŋԑԑ yuomo anii a 1997.O meŋ da toŋɛɛ a kyaaman toma ko a Christian kansil na be a Ghana ane All Africa Conference of Churches wedera ko All African Kansil a Churches. == O Yelnɔnee == O nɔŋɛɛ tennis ane yiele kyԑ da e pianist soŋ̍. == Yiriŋ̍ == O da kulee pɔge ane biiri banaare == Kuuŋ̍ == Dickson da kpie la Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra o na da le baaloŋ a da ba koɔre.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/obituaries.php</ref> A kuori maaloo ane a uumo nentegre mine na be a Ghanaian te paale John Agyekum Kufuor na da e wedera ko a Ghanaa saŋa na ane John Atta Mills na da e a o karembitasoba a University of Ghana kyɛ da naŋ e a Ghana pereseden kaŋa. == Pɔbilikeesin == Kwesi Dickson da taa la publications gyamaa neŋ a o yuori. O taa la kpaŋkpaŋkpeɛne toma mine teseŋ Theology na be a Africa ane a Religious exclusivism. A o yele mine da meŋ̍ be la GCE Ordinary Level ane GCE Advanced Level curricula. A o toma mine meŋ la: *{{cite book |title=Akan Religion And The Christian Faith A Comparative Study Of The Impact Of Two Religions |last1=Williamson |first1=Sydney George |last2=Dickson |first2=Kwesi A|date=1965 |publisher=Ghana Universities Press |asin=B0018HTZ96 |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/Religion-Christian-Comparative-Impact-Religions/dp/B0007IX8WM/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1277808242&sr=1-3|access-date=2010-06-29}} *{{cite book |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |date=1968 |title=An introduction to the history and religion of Israel |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/introduction-history-religion-Israel/dp/B0007IURR6/ref=sr_1_11?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1525235606&sr=1-11 |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd |asin=B0007IURR6 }} *{{cite book |title=Aspects of religion and life in Africa (The J. B. Danquah memorial lectures) |year=1977 |publisher=Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences |pages=41 |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Aspects-religion-Danguah-memorial-lectures/dp/B0000EDXFI/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1277808012&sr=1-6 |access-date=2010-06-29}} *{{cite book |title=Biblical Revelation and African Beliefs |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |date=1969 |author2=Paul Ellingworth |publisher=Lutterworth P. |isbn=978-0-7188-1652-0 |pages=191 }} *{{cite book |title=From Abraham to the Early Days of Israel in the Promised Land (History & Religions of Israel) |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0232511098 |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |date=1970 |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd |isbn=978-0-232-51109-3 |pages=164 }} *{{cite book |title=From Hezekiah to the Return from Exile (History & Religions of Israel) |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000kwes |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A |date=1969 |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd |isbn=978-0-232-51056-0 |pages=144 }} *{{cite book |title=From Samuel to the Fall of the Northern Kingdom (History & Religious of Israel) |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A |date=1968 |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd |isbn=978-0-232-35697-7 |pages=144 }} *{{cite book |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |date=1982 |title=Gospel According to Luke |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd |isbn=978-0232515565 }} *{{cite book |title=Prohibitions: A study in African traditional education |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A |publisher=Macmillan Publishers in association with Unimax Publishers |isbn=978-9964973100 |date=1995 }} *{{cite book |title=Religions of the world |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A |publisher=Ghana Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-0876760574 |date=1970 }} *{{cite book |title=Story of the early Church as found in the Acts of the Apostles |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofearlychur0000dick |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |year=1976 |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd |isbn=978-0-232-51333-2 |pages=160 }} *{{cite book |title=The Human Dimension in the Theological Quest |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |year=1976 |publisher=Ghana Universities Press |asin=B0000EE656|pages=18 |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/human-dimension-theological-quest/dp/B0000EE656/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1277807861&sr=8-1-catcorr |access-date=2010-06-29}} *{{cite book |title=Theology in Africa |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |year=1984 |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd |isbn=978-0-88344-508-2 |pages=252 }} *{{cite book |title=Uncompleted Mission: Christianity and Exclusivism |url=https://archive.org/details/uncompletedmissi0000dick |last=Dickson |first=Kwesi A. |year=1991 |publisher= Orbis Books (USA) |isbn=978-0-88344-751-2 |pages=177 }} ==Meŋ kaa kyɛ== *[[Alan Stewart Duthie]] *[[Gilbert Ansre]] ==Sommo mine yiziiri== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724211053/http://www.a-asr.org/PDF/AASRBulletin24.pdf AASRBulletin] == Sommo Yizie == [[gbuli:dagaare]] [[gbuli:gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] tmvctroz18wvdt3u631cf4cp8t7vhbq 0 5177 63669 53204 2026-08-03T18:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q383930}} '''David John Franco''' (ba naŋ dɔge gyoone 12, 1985) e la American deɛndeɛnɛ ane film maala. O piili la o dompole ne film tonnɔɛ bilii teseŋ ''Superbad'' (2007) ane ''Charlie St. Cloud'' (2010). A tuuro deɛndeɛŋkaraa tonnoɔre ana vuo na poɔ baaraaŋ kyaare ne a deɛmbaŋ series ''Scrubs'' (2009–2010), sori da yuo ko la Franco o film poɔ ne tonnɔ-bile tonnoɔre a bapɛre deɛmbaŋ film ''21 Jump Street'' (2012) poɔ. Franco meŋ la deɛŋ la ''Fright Night'' (2011), ''Now You See Me'' (2013) ane o sequel ''Now You See Me 2'' (2016), ''Neighbors'' (2014) ane o sequel ''Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising'' (2016), ''Nerve'' (2016), ''The Disaster Artist'' (2017), ane ''Day Shift'' (2022) poɔ. 2020 poɔ, o e la o fɔrɔ film daanoo ne ''The Rental'', a bɛlɛ o pɔge Alison Brie. == Nyɔvore piiluu == Ba dɔge la Franco Palo Alto poɔ, California, ko Betsy Lou (née Verne), yelwiiri gɔbaa, bibiiri gane sɛgesɛgerɛ,<ref name=":0">https://stanfordmag.org/contents/penciling-in-a-career</ref> ane dɛnne ennɛ, ane Douglas Eugene Franco (1948–2011), naŋ kaara bayɔɔbo kpaaroŋ<ref name=":0" /> ane yɛroŋ;<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/mercurynews/name/douglas-franco-obituary?id=20223935</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111220041917/http://secureboxcorp.com/team.shtml</ref> a noba bama bayi pɔge la taa e sakuubiiri Stanford University eŋɛ.<ref>http://www.eonline.com/news/james_francos_father_dies_63/267576</ref><ref>https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800352352/bio</ref><ref>https://instapaperstories.tumblr.com/post/972880219/the-james-franco-project-new-york-magazine</ref> Franco's saa da e la Portuguese (yi Madeira) ane Swedish bal.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614050041/http://www.latinoreview.com/news.php?id=217</ref> Franco's ma e la Jewish (Russian Jewish bal);<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201023210856/https://www.instyle.com/news/dave-franco-james-franco-alison-brie-disaster-artist-interview</ref> o dɔgereba leɛre la a baloŋ yuori yi "Verovitz" gaa ne "Verne". Franco's saapɛre ma (makoma), Marjorie (Peterson) Franco, e la baapaaba gama sɛgesɛgerɛ.<ref name=ohwohw> {{Cite book|last=Marquis Who's Who, Inc|title=Who's who of emerging leaders in America|url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoofemergin0000unse|publisher=Marquis Who's Who|year=1991|isbn=0-8379-7202-7}} </ref><ref name=hcrela> {{Cite book|last=Commire|first=Anne|author-link=Anne Commire|title=Something about the Author, Volume 38|publisher=Gale Research|year=1985|page=[https://archive.org/details/somethingaboutau38anne/page/77 77]|url=https://archive.org/details/somethingaboutau38anne/page/77|isbn=0-8103-0071-0|url-access=registration}} </ref> Franco's mapɛre ma (makoma/madɛb), Mitzie (Levine) Verne, la so a Verne Art Gallery, enfuomo kuribu gɔɔloŋ yuori naŋ be Cleveland poɔ, ane mɛmba zu a National Council of Jewish Women.<ref name=wehida> {{Cite news|last=Spevack|first=Violet|title=Cavalcade|publisher=Cleveland Jewish News|date=January 31, 2002|url=http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2002/01/31//export10620.txt|access-date=December 28, 2010}} </ref><ref name=wehidareb> {{Cite news|last=Spevack|first=Violet|title=Cavalcade 10/23|publisher=Cleveland Jewish News|date=October 23, 2009|url=http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2009/11/13/features/cavalcade/doc4ae081106974b082383090.txt|access-date=December 28, 2010}} </ref><ref> {{cite web|url=http://admission.case.edu/admissions/news/news_story.asp?iNewsID=249&strBack=/admissions/news/news_archive.asp |title=Case Western Reserve University |access-date=August 8, 2008 |publisher=Admission Case |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024200830/http://admission.case.edu/admissions/news/news_story.asp?iNewsID=249&strBack=%2Fadmissions%2Fnews%2Fnews_archive.asp |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |url-status=dead }} </ref> Franco baa la California poɔ ne o beɛremine bayi, James ane Tom, zaa bayi meŋ naŋ e deɛndeɛmɛ.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/james-franco/|title=Jamesfranco|last=Van Sant|first=Gus|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|page=1|access-date=March 2, 2009}}</ref> O zanne la a University of Southern California eŋɛ, a de omeŋ e haae sakuuri wulwulo a wulo kuribu sɛgere, te ta saŋa na o beɛre James Franco's maneŋgya naŋ wa ko o wuli gɔɔloŋ karendieŋ ka o wa e yuomo ata University sakuubie, zie onaŋ piili zanna deɛne gɔɔroŋ.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/dave-franco-interview-gq-april-2012|title=On the Cover: Dave Franco|first=Lauren|last=Bans|work=[[GQ]]|date=March 16, 2012|access-date=May 21, 2016}}</ref> Franco fɔrɔ taa la eŋyuo ne film maaloo ka o wa tona sinii haabo zie, ka o da e yuomo 14; ba da yɔɔrɔ o la zaala sinii haabo poɔ onaŋ da be a ligal toma yuomo eŋɛ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_gOr8LJKXE|date=August 18, 2016|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=Tipsy Talk with Dave Franco|website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> == Dompole == === 2000s === 2006 poɔ, Franco da e la o deɛne fɔrɔ The CW deɛmbaŋ tiivi kyɔntutaa eŋɛ ''7th Heaven''. O sãã la tiivi e-wuli eŋɛ teseŋ ''Do Not Disturb'' ane ''Young Justice''. Franco meŋ la taa la tonnɔ-zuri films eŋɛ teseŋ ''Superbad'' ane ''The Shortcut''. Mɛnoɔre 2008 eŋɛ, o da sãã la a The CW teen deɛmbaŋ tiivi kyɔntutaa poɔ ''Privileged''. == Sommo Yizie == {{Reflist}} [[gbuli:dagaare]] [[gbuli: africa]] [[gbuli:mainpage]] [[gbuli: ghana]] [[gbuli:gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[gbuli:dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] h2uc2pqjylyzg3gj4mmojnv51jfkz8p 0 5736 63664 54970 2026-08-03T18:35:09Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q127305851}} [[Duoro kɔre:After the show - 4826129408.jpg|thumb]] '''Pierre Thiam''' e la Senegalese chef, gansɛgerɛ kyɛ naŋ e neɛkaŋa naŋ kaara laŋkpeɛbo yɛlɛ. Thiam e la neɛ noba naŋ baŋ o ka o maŋ wa ne West African cuisine naŋ be tendaa zaa.<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2013/04/we-launch-our-new-series-on-the-people-shaping-african-cuisine-with-chef-pierre-thiam</ref> [[Duoro kɔre:The make it happen crew - 4826111428 Onaje Allan Gumbs (cropped).jpg|thumb]] Yɛlɛ naŋ be California teŋa poɔ, Thiam la neɛ naŋ piili Pierre Thiam laŋgbuli naŋ taa soobo neŋ Terang bondi-maale zie naŋ be New York City ane Yolele Bondirii. Yolele, a piiluu da eɛ 2017 yuoni poɔ, o e la Bondilaŋ zie naŋ be Fonio, naŋ be Ancient African super-grain.<ref>https://www.bonappetit.com/story/fonio-pierre-thiam</ref> Meŋ la yelpaale, yi a 2015 yuoni poɔ. Thiam da toŋɛɛ toma naŋ e Executive Chef wederɛ kyaare kyɔɔtaare restaurant Nok by Alara naŋ be Lagos, Nigeria, ane a Signature Chef naŋ be Pullman Hotel naŋ be Dakar, Senegal.<ref>https://jordantimes.com/news/features/street-food-fine-dining-lagos</ref> <ref>https://www.thrillist.com/lifestyle/san-francisco/pierre-thiam-day-off-berkeley</ref>Thiam da terɛɛ cookbooks, ane a June 2024 yuoni poɔ . Ba da de o la Cookbook Hall of Fame yi a James Beard Foundation Awards.<ref>https://www.eater.com/24173865/james-beard-foundation-awards-2024-media-winners-cookbooks-journalism</ref> == Biography == Thiam dɔgebo zie da la a Dakar, Senegal. O da gaa la Cheikh Anta Diop University ko a undergraduate degree naŋ be chemistry ane physics. A 1988 yuoni poɔ, a college da taa la pɔgebo student strikes, ane Thiam da la gaa United States a yuoni tuuro naŋ ka o te zanne, kyɛ o da ta a New York City, o da piilee neŋ a restaurants. Ne o piili ne African-inspired bondirii, o toŋɛɛ a toma naŋ chef de cuisine ko Boom restaurant naŋ New York naŋ 1997.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240202-a-west-african-ode-to-a-spicy-and-tangy-chicken-dish</ref><ref>https://www.csis.org/analysis/cooking-storm-dakar-brooklyn</ref> == Business Toma == A 2001 yuoni poɔ, Thiam da yuo la a o restaurant dɛndɛŋ soba, Yolélé, naŋ be Bed-Stuy Brooklyn a New York City, a African bistro neŋ amenu naŋ nyɛ sommo yi traditional West African flavors neŋ pampana boma maalo zie.<ref>https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/food/a60007794/chef-pierre-thiam-teranga-fonio/</ref> O da la yuo la a Brooklyn zie, “Le Grand Dakar<nowiki>''</nowiki>, naŋ da e 2008 yuoni poɔ. Naŋ da kyaare a pɔgebo ko Brooklyn operations, Thiam da soŋɛɛ Pierre Thiam kpaaroŋ, a food & beverage company naŋ sonna a baabo ko West African cuisines.<ref>https://ediblemanhattan.com/progressives/how-chef-pierre-thiam-used-native-grain-fonio-to-change-narrative-of-west-african-cuisine/</ref> Yi a o kpaaroŋ, Thiam da yuo la Teranga bondi-maale ziiri ayi naŋ be New York City zie, naŋ da kyaare executive chef ko a piiluu Nok yi Alara naŋ Lagos, o maalɛɛ African line ko food products neŋ a CPG company yuori Yolélé, kyɛ o da laŋ ne la Brooklyn Brewery’s Garrett Oliver a series ane beer sere naŋ kyaare incorporate African ingredients.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/dontse/2024/05/03/why-a-james-beard-awarded-brewmaster-wants-the-future-of-beer-to-be-an-ancient-grain/</ref> Since 2017, Thiam, through Yolélé Foods, has been known for producing and selling fonio products in the United States. Fonio is an ancient West African super-grain mostly imported from Mali, Togo, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Senegal. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/06/fonio-beer-climate-friendly-grain</ref>Thiam believes that introducing the global market to the fonio grain is simultaneously supporting sustainable and traditional agriculture in West African nations. He positions his project as part of a larger movement to elevate the economic power of African farmers, who for centuries have been suppressed by the Western hegemony in the global food system. == Social impact == Thiam meŋ naŋ e philanthropic efforts ane a o nimizeeloŋ toma kyaare vuo ka o da soŋ ko a tendaa zaa. A 2022 yuoni poɔ, Thiam ne o pɔge Lisa da piilee non-profit L+P Foundation ka o “promote diverse, healthy, conscious food cultures across communities”. O da sɔrɛɛ sommo ko a koɔba ane zɛvaare mine ba naŋ kɔ a Africa kyɛ naŋ zɛgerɛ food sustainability. Yi a o company Yolélé, Thiam da koɔrɛɛ fonio ko a supermarkets yi neŋ a United States, naŋ da soŋ ka o da e economic sommo ko a region naŋ be a West Africa be a bombie naŋ bore. Fonio e la a bombie koraa mine ba naŋ and was considered to be a peasant's food in West Africa. == Deɛbo mine == Yi a toma naŋ e chef, Thiam da soŋ tere la vuo authors ane chefs te seŋ Yewande Komolafe ane Serigne Mbaye ko Dakar NOLA naŋ be New Orleans. O da maale la bondirii ko Naa ko Morocco, French President Emmanuel Macron, ane Former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon. O da sɛgɛɛ gama anaare, “Simply West African”, naŋ da taa saseɛ poɔ kpeɛbo a 2023 yuoni poɔ. == Meŋɛ Nyɔvore == Thiam da kpeɛra la California ne a o pɔge Lisa Katayama ane pɔgeyaare Naia ane Marie Aissé<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Thiam#cite_note-21</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Thiam#cite_note-22</ref>. == Gama == * {{Cite book |last=Thiam |first=Pierre |title=Recipes from the Heart of Senegal |url=https://archive.org/details/yolelerecipesfro0000thia |publisher=Lake Isle Press |year=2008 |isbn=1891105388}} * {{Cite book |last=Thiam |first=Pierre |title=Modern Senegalese Recipes from the Source to the Bowl |url=https://archive.org/details/senegalmodernsen0000thia |last2=Sit |first2=Jennifer |publisher=Lake Isle Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781891105555}} * {{Cite book |last=Thiam |first=Pierre |title=The Fonio Cookbook An Ancient Grain Rediscovered |publisher=Lake Isle Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781891105692}} * {{Cite book |last=Thiam |first=Pierre |title=Simply West African: Easy, Joyful Recipes for Every Kitchen |last2=Katayama |first2=Lisa |publisher=Clarkson Potter |year=2023 |isbn=978-0593578025}} == Kyɔɔtaɛ == * 2024: Thiam da taa kpeɛbo ko Cookbook Hall of Fame yi James Beard Foundation Awards.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Thiam#cite_note-:1-23</ref> == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:AfroCuisene kyakya]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] 7blt61jyi9tusqmrdz3bpdkteqjv53r 0 5823 63655 53082 2026-08-03T18:25:01Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q606662}} A '''Elgin Marbles''' (/ˈɛlɡɪn/ ''ELG-in'')<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary</ref>e la landeɛbo ko Ancient Greek sculptures yi a Parthenon ane yeloore mine nang be Acropolis ko a Athens, nang da taa yiibu yi a Ottoman Greece nang be a piiluu saŋa a 19th century a da taa tagebo yi a Britain yineng a Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl ko Elgin, pampana nang taa eebo yi a British Museum nang be London. A yagrong zie ko a sculptures da taa eebo yi a 5th century BC yineng wuluu nang be a sculptor ane architect Phidias. A yelnyɔgeraa ''Parthenon Marbles'' bee ''Parthenon Sculptures'' (Greek: Γλυπτά του Παρθενώνα) e la sculptures—a frieze, metopes ane pediments—yineng a Parthenon nang da taa landeɛbo yineng, nimizeelong nang e British Museum ane a Acropolis Museum na be Athens.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Jenkins</ref> Yi 1801 te ta 1812, Elgin's noba da iree nang da pare nambare mine kyaare a Parthenon sculptures, neng a lɛ zaa a sculptures yineng a Erechtheion, a Temple nang be Athena Nike ane a Propylaia, da mang de ba la gaaneng Britain neng nimizeelong ka ba da maale private museum. Elgin yelee ka ona da iree a sculptures neng sɔroo yineng a Ottoman tontonneba nang be a Athens a wagere nang poɔ. <ref>https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008272383</ref>A merɛ nang be a Elgin's toma zie da taa la eebo.<ref>https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/parthenon-marbles-dispute-9781509967179/</ref> ==Meng kaa kyɛ== *[[Pedimental sculpture]] *[[Palermo Fragment]] *[[Greece–United Kingdom relations]] *[[Las Incantadas]], portico taken from [[Thessaloniki]] *[[Caryatids of Eleusis|Saint Demetra]], sculpture taken from [[Eleusis]] ==Ziyiri mine== * {{Cite book |author-link=Mary Beard (classicist) |first=Mary |last=Beard |title=The Parthenon |url=https://archive.org/details/parthenon0000mbea |publisher=[[Profile Books]] |edition=2nd |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84668-349-7}} * {{Cite book |first=Alexander |last=Herman |title=The Parthenon Marbles Dispute |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] |place=London|edition= |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/parthenon-marbles-dispute-9781509967179/}} * {{Cite book |first=Tiffany |last=Jenkins |author-link=Tiffany Jenkins |title=Keeping Their Marbles: How the Treasures of the Past Ended Up in Museums{{Nbsp}}... and Why They Should Stay There |place=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-965759-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/keepingtheirmarb0000jenk}} * {{Cite book |first=William |last=St Clair |author-link=William St Clair |title=Lord Elgin and the Marbles |url=https://archive.org/details/lordelginmarbles0000stcl |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |place=Oxford |edition=4th |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-288053-5}} * {{Cite book |author-link= |first=Catharine |last=Titi |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |edition= |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Dyfri |title=Lord Elgin's firman |journal=Journal of the History of Collections |date=7 January 2009 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=49–76 |doi=10.1093/jhc/fhn033}} == Nimitɔɔre kanno == * {{Cite magazine|first=Marc|last=Fehlmann|url=http://www.apollo-magazine.com/june-2007/63335/casts-and-connoisseurs.thtml|title=Casts and Connoisseurs: the early reception of the Elgin Marbles|magazine=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|date=June 2007|pages=44–51|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506011222/http://www.apollo-magazine.com/june-2007/63335/casts-and-connoisseurs.thtml|archive-date=6 May 2012}} * {{Cite book|first=Jeanette|last=Greenfield|title=The Return of Cultural Treasures|url=https://archive.org/details/returnofcultural0000gree|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|place=Cambridge|edition=3rd|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-80216-1}} * {{Cite book|first=Christopher|last=Hitchens|author-link=Christopher Hitchens|title=Imperial Spoils: The Curious Case of the Elgin Marbles|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|place=London|isbn=978-0-8090-4189-3|year=1987|title-link=Imperial Spoils: The Curious Case of the Elgin Marbles}} (with essays by Robert Browning and Graham Binns) * {{Cite book|first=Ian|last=Jenkins|title=The Parthenon Frieze|publisher=[[British Museum Press]]|location=London|year=1994|isbn=978-0-7141-2200-7}} * {{Cite book|last=King|first=Dorothy|author-link=Dorothy King|title=The Elgin Marbles|publisher=[[Hutchinson Heinemann]]|place=London|date=2006|isbn=978-0-09-180013-0|title-link=The Elgin Marbles (book)}} * {{Cite book|first=François|last=Queyrel|title=Le Parthénon, Un monument dans l'Histoire|publisher=Éditions Bartillat|location=Paris|year=2008|isbn=978-2-84100-435-5|url=http://www.editions-bartillat.fr/fiche-livre.asp?Clef=281|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-date=29 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929162206/http://www.editions-bartillat.fr/fiche-livre.asp?Clef=281|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Stallings|first=A. E.|author-link=A. E. Stallings|title=Frieze Frame: How Poets, Painters, and their Friends Framed the Debate Around Elgin and the Marbles of the Parthenon|publisher=Paul Dry Books|place=Philadelphia|date=2025|isbn=9781589882003}} * == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''Elgin Marbles'''''. Library resources about '''Elgin Marbles''' ---- * Online books * Resources in your library * Resources in other libraries * Acropolis Museum * The Parthenon Frieze * The British Museum Parthenon pages === Pros ane cons ko restitution === * British Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Marbles' site * The Parthenon Project * "The Case for Lord Elgin," Classics for All * Gillen Wood, "The strange case of Lord Elgin's nose": the cultural context of the early 19th century debate over the marbles, the politics and the aesthetics, imperialism and hellenism * Two memorandums submitted to the UK Parliamentary Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport in 2000. * "Keeping our share", ''Aôthen Magazine'': Argues for the dismissal of the Greek claim, and for retaining the Marbles as part of cultural history. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> Phidias |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> British Museum |- ! | * * * |- ! | {| class="wikitable" ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** ** ** ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * |} |- ! | * * * * * * * * |- | colspan="2" | * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="3" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> Acropolis of Athens |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | rowspan="7" | |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |} |- ! | * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * |- ! | * * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> Sculpture |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- | colspan="2" | * * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" |Authority control databases |- ! | * * |- ! | * * * * |- ! | * |} Categories: * Elgin Marbles * 5th-century BC Greek sculptures * Parthenon * Art and cultural repatriation * Greece–United Kingdom relations * Ancient Greek and Roman sculptures in the British Museum * History of museums * History of Athens * Marble sculptures in the United Kingdom * Sculptures by Phidias * Greek artifacts outside Greece * 19th century in Athens * Horses in art * Architectural sculpture * Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin * Sculptures of Dionysus == Sommo Yizie == dpce7y23654iq5tw6a8wdfo6g68w1rr 0 5824 63656 53087 2026-08-03T18:26:32Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 7 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q48584}} A '''Rosetta Stone''' e la stele ko granodiorite nang be lamboe ata a nang be a decree yeltare nang be a 196 BC yi a Ptolemaic dynasty wagere a Egypt, neng yele yi a King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. A yelbie soga ane a sazu be la Ancient Egyptian nang tona neng hieroglyphic ane Demotic scripts, tutaalong, kyɛ ka soga meng be Ancient Greek. A decree meng taa la tɛɛtɛɛlong fee mine nang be a lamboe ata poɔŋ, nang vɛŋ a Rosetta Stone maale e nimizeɛ bone kaŋa nang be a Egyptian scripts. A kusiri da taa la pɛnoo a Hellenistic wagere kyɛ nang taa sagedeebo ka o taa la wuluu ko a temple, gbɛɛ nang be a Sais. O mang gaa be la antiquity bee a Mamluk saŋa, kyɛ nang e bone ba nang de mɛ neng a Fort Julien nang peɛle a teŋɛ nang be Rashid (Rosetta) nang be a Nile Delta. O da taa la nyaamo a July 1799 yineng French tontonna Pierre-François Bouchard yi a saŋa na a Napoleonic campaign nang be Egypt. Ona da e a dɛndɛŋ Ancient Egyptian bilingual sɛgere nang da taa eebo, kyɛ nang yɛre pɔge a zie zaa boɔbo ko a decipher nang na ba leɛre a yele nang be hieroglyphic sɛgere poɔ. Lithographic koopiri ane plaster casts nang yɔ pɔge a zie zaa a European museums ane scholars. Saŋa nang a British nang da di a French, ba da de la a kusiri gaaneŋ London a wagere nang a Capitulation ko a Alexandria nang da e 1801. A saŋa a 1802, o da saa la zie zaa a British Museum wagere gyamaa poɔ. == kyɛle kyɛ == {{Reflist|20em}} ==Meng kaa ky3== * [[Egypt–United Kingdom relations]] * {{Annotated link|Ezana Stone}} * [[Garshunography]]{{Snd}} use of the script of one language to write utterances of another language which already has a script associated with it. * [[List of individual rocks]] * {{Annotated link|Mesha Stele}} * [[Multilingual inscription]] * [[Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian]] * [[Rosetta (spacecraft)|''Rosetta'' (spacecraft)]] ===Bibileogeraafi=== {{Refbegin|30em}} *{{Cite book |last1=Adkins |first1=Lesley |last2=Adkins |first2=R. A. |title=The Keys of Egypt: the obsession to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs |year=2000 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-019439-0 |ref=Adkins69 |url=https://archive.org/details/keysofegyptobses00adki }} *{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=Don Cameron |title=The Predecessors of Champollion |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |issue=5 |volume=144 |year=1960 |pages=527–547 |ref=Allen69}} *{{Cite book |last=Andrews |first=Carol |title=The Rosetta Stone |year=1985 |publisher=British Museum Press |isbn=978-0-87226-034-4 |ref=Andrews69 |url=https://archive.org/details/britishmuseumboo00andr }} *{{Cite book |last1=Assmann |first1=Jan |last2=Jenkins |first2=Andrew |title=The Mind of Egypt: history and meaning in the time of the Pharaohs |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEMadfTi_U4C&q=Horwennefer&pg=PP1 |access-date=2010-07-21 |ref=Assmann |isbn=978-0-674-01211-0 }} *{{Cite news |title=Antiquities Wish List |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |date=2005-07-20 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/751/eg7.htm |ref=Antiquities05 |access-date=2010-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916194918/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/751/eg7.htm |archive-date=September 16, 2010 }} *{{Cite book |last1=Bagnall |first1=R. S. |last2=Derow |first2=P. |date=2004 |title=The Hellenistic Period: historical sources in translation |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=1-4051-0133-4 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/classics/bagnall/3995/readings/b-d2-9.htm |access-date=2010-07-18 |ref=Bagnall04 }} *{{Cite news |first=Martin |last=Bailey |title=Shifting the Blame |work=Forbes.com |date=2003-01-21 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2003/01/21/cx_0121hot.html |access-date=2010-07-06 |ref=Bailey03 }} *{{Cite book |last=Bevan |first=E. R. |author-link=w:Edwyn R. Bevan |title=The House of Ptolemy |publisher=Methuen |year=1927 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Africa/Egypt/_Texts/BEVHOP/home.html |access-date=2010-07-18 |ref=Bevan27 }} *{{Cite conference |title=The acquisition by the British Museum of antiquities discovered during the French invasion of Egypt |last=Bierbrier |first=M. L. |year=1999 |editor=Davies, W. V |book-title=Studies in Egyptian Antiquities |publisher=(British Museum Publications) |ref=Bierbrier99}} *{{Cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=V. M. |last2=Harrell |first2=J. A. |year=1998 |title=Aswan Granite and Granodiorite |journal=Göttinger Miszellen |volume=164 |pages=133–137 |ref=Brown98}} *{{Cite book |last=Budge |first=E. A. Wallis |author-link=w:E. A. Wallis Budge |title=The Mummy: chapters on Egyptian funereal archaeology |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1894 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924086199548 |access-date=2010-07-19 |ref=Budgem }} *{{Cite book |last=Budge |first=E. A. Wallis |author-link=w:E. A. Wallis Budge |title=The Decrees of Memphis and Canopus |publisher=Kegan Paul |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/details/decreesofmemphis01budg |access-date=2018-12-10 |ref=Budge70 }} *{{Cite book |last=Budge |first=E. A. Wallis |author-link=w:E. A. Wallis Budge |title=The Rosetta Stone |url=https://archive.org/details/rosettastone00budguoft |access-date=2010-06-12 |year=1913 |publisher=British Museum |ref=Budge69 }} *{{Cite book |last=Burleigh |first=Nina |title=Mirage: Napoleon's scientists and the unveiling of Egypt |year=2007 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-059767-2 |ref=Burleigh07 |url=https://archive.org/details/miragenapoleonss00burl }} *{{Cite book |last1=Clarysse |first1=G. W. |last2=Van der Veken |first2=G. |others=Assistance by S. P. Vleeming |date=1983 |title=The Eponymous Priests of Ptolemaic Egypt (P. L. Bat. 24): Chronological lists of the priests of Alexandria and Ptolemais with a study of the demotic transcriptions of their names |url=https://archive.org/details/eponymouspriests0024clar |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-06879-1 |ref=Clarysse83}} *{{Cite conference |last1=Clarysse |first1=G. W. |date=1999 |title= Ptolémées et temples |editor=Valbelle, Dominique |book-title=Le Décret de Memphis: colloque de la Fondation Singer-Polignac a l'occasion de la celebration du bicentenaire de la découverte de la Pierre de Rosette |location=Paris |ref=Clarysse99}} *{{Cite book |title=Chronicles of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara0000clay |last=Clayton |first=Peter A. |year=2006 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=0-500-28628-0 |ref=Clayton06}} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.astronomynow.com/news/n1004/14GRB/ |title=New Rosetta Stone for GRBs as supernovae |access-date=2010-07-04 |first=Keith |last=Cooper |work=Astronomy Now Online |date=2010-04-14 |ref=Cooper10 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819073402/http://www.astronomynow.com/news/n1004/14GRB/ |url-status=dead }} *{{Cite book |language=fr |last=Dewachter |first=M. |title=Champollion: un scribe pour l'Égypte |title-link=Champollion: A Scribe for Egypt#The book |series=Coll. « [[Découvertes Gallimard]] » (nº 96) |year=1990 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Gallimard |isbn=978-2-07-053103-5 |ref=Dewachter90}} *{{Cite book |last=Downs |first=Jonathan |title=Discovery at Rosetta: the ancient stone that unlocked the mysteries of Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryatroset0000down_z2n4 |year=2008 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |isbn=978-1-60239-271-7 |ref=Downs69}} *{{Cite news |first1=Charlotte |last1=Edwardes |first2=Catherine |last2=Milner |title=Egypt demands return of the Rosetta Stone |work= [[w:The Daily Telegraph|The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2003-07-20 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/1436606/Egypt-demands-return-of-the-Rosetta-Stone.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/1436606/Egypt-demands-return-of-the-Rosetta-Stone.html |archive-date=2022-01-11 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=2006-10-05 |ref=Edwardes03}}{{Cbignore}} *{{Cite news |first=Nevine |last=El-Aref |title=The Rose of the Nile |work=[[w:Al-Ahram Weekly|Al-Ahram Weekly]] |date=2005-11-30 |ref=Rose05 }} *{{Cite book |title=Egyptology: the missing millennium: Ancient Egypt in medieval Arabic writings |last=El Daly |first=Okasha |year=2005 |publisher=UCL Press |isbn=1-84472-063-2 |ref=Eldaly05}} *{{Cite book |last1=Gillispie |first1=C. C. |last2=Dewachter |first2=M. |date=1987 |title=Monuments of Egypt: the Napoleonic edition |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=1–38 |ref=Gillispie87}} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/horwennefer_fr.htm |title=Horwennefer |work=Egyptian Royal Genealogy |access-date=2010-06-12 |ref=Horwennefer }} *{{Cite web |first=Henry |last=Huttinger |title=Stolen Treasures: Zahi Hawass wants the Rosetta Stone back—among other things |publisher=Cairo Magazine |date=2005-07-28 |url=http://www.cairomagazine.com/?module=displaystory&story_id=1238&format=html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201070256/http://www.cairomagazine.com/?module=displaystory&story_id=1238&format=html |archive-date=2005-12-01 |access-date=2006-10-06 |ref=Huttinger05 }} *{{Cite web |url=http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2000/ihwg.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809000616/http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2000/ihwg.htm |archive-date=2007-08-09 |title=International team accelerates investigation of immune-related genes |access-date=2006-11-23 |work=The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |date=2000-09-06 |ref=International }} *{{Cite book |last=Iversen |first=Erik |title=The Myth of Egypt and Its Hieroglyphs in European Tradition |url=https://archive.org/details/mythofegyptitshi0000iver |year=1993 |orig-date=First edition 1961 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-02124-9 |ref=Iversen}} *{{Cite journal |last1=Kitchen |first1=Kenneth A. |year=1970 |title=Two Donation Stelae in the Brooklyn Museum |journal=Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt |volume=8 |pages=59–67 |ref=Kitchen70|doi=10.2307/40000039 |jstor=40000039 }} *{{Cite book |last=Meyerson |first=Daniel |title=The Linguist and the Emperor: Napoleon and Champollion's quest to decipher the Rosetta Stone |year=2004 |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=978-0-345-45067-8 |ref=Meyerson69 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/linguistemperorn0000meye }} *{{Cite journal |last1=Middleton |first1=A. |last2=Klemm |first2=D. |year=2003 |title=The Geology of the Rosetta Stone |journal=Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=207–216 |doi= 10.1177/030751330308900111|s2cid=126606607 |ref=Middleton03}} *{{Cite conference |title=The Examination and Conservation of the Rosetta Stone at the British Museum |first=E. |last=Miller |year=2000 |editor=Roy, A. |editor2=Smith, P |book-title=Tradition and Innovation |publisher=(British Museum Publications) |pages=128–132 |ref=Miller00 |display-authors=etal}} *{{Cite book |url=http://www.enim-egyptologie.fr/index.php?page=cenim&n=12 |title=Ptolémée Épiphane, Aristonikos et les prêtres d'Égypte. Le Décret de Memphis (182 a.C.): édition commentée des stèles Caire RT 2/3/25/7 et JE 44901 (CENiM 12) |last1=Nespoulous-Phalippou |first1=Alexandra |year=2015 |location=Montpellier |publisher=Université Paul Valéry |ref=Nespoulous-Phalippou }} *{{Cite book |title=Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology |last1=Nicholson |first1=P. T. |last2=Shaw |first2=I. |year=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=Nicholson00}} *{{Cite journal |title=Evaluation of diastolic filling of left ventricle in health and disease: Doppler echocardiography is the clinician's Rosetta Stone |journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology |last1=Nishimura |first1=Rick A. |last2=Tajik |first2=A. Jamil |date=1998-04-23 |ref=Nishimura98 |doi=10.1016/S0735-1097(97)00144-7 |pmid=9207615 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=8–18|doi-access=free }} *{{Cite book |title=Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |url=http://dictionary.oed.com/ |isbn=978-0-19-861186-8 |ref=OUP }} *{{Cite book |last1=Parkinson |first1=Richard B. |author-link1=w:Richard B. Parkinson |last2=Diffie |first2=W. |author-link2=w:Whitfield Diffie |last3=Simpson |first3=R. S. |title=Cracking Codes: the Rosetta Stone and decipherment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QD9g1mMaAAsC |access-date=2010-06-12 |year=1999 |publisher=[[w:University of California Press|University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-22306-6 |ref=Parkinson69 }} *{{Cite book |last=Parkinson |first=Richard B. |author-link=w:Richard B. Parkinson |title=The Rosetta Stone |series=British Museum objects in focus |year=2005 |publisher=British Museum Press |isbn=978-0-7141-5021-5 |ref=Parkinson70 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/rosettastone0000park }} *{{Cite book |last1=Quirke |first1=Stephen |last2=Andrews |first2=Carol |title=The Rosetta Stone |year=1989 |publisher=Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-1572-5 |ref=Quirke69}} *{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=J. D. |author-link=w:John D. Ray |title=The Rosetta Stone and the Rebirth of Ancient Egypt |year=2007 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02493-9 |ref=Ray69 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/rosettastonerebi0000rayj }} *{{Cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Andrew |title=Lost Languages: the enigma of the world's undeciphered scripts |url=https://archive.org/details/lostlanguageseni0000robi |year=2009 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-51453-5 |ref=Robinson09}} *{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=117631&partid=1&searchText=rosetta+stone&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&currentPage=1 |title=The Rosetta Stone |publisher=The British Museum |access-date=2010-06-12 |ref=BMRS }} *{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8402640.stm |title=Rosetta Stone row 'would be solved by loan to Egypt' |work=BBC News |date=2009-12-08 |access-date=2010-07-14 |ref=Rosetta09 }} *{{Cite book |title=The Oxford history of Ancient Egypt |last=Shaw |first=Ian |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-280458-8 |ref=Shaw00 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofa00shaw }} *{{Cite journal |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/296/5566/285?ijkey=zlwRiv/qSEivQ&keytype=ref&siteid=sci |title=''Arabidopsis'', the Rosetta Stone of Flowering Time? |journal=Science |access-date=2006-11-23 |first1=Gordon G. |last1=Simpson |first2=Caroline |last2=Dean |date=2002-04-12 |ref=Simpson02 |doi=10.1126/science.296.5566.285 |pages=285–289 |volume=296 |issue=5566 |pmid=11951029 |bibcode=2002Sci...296..285S |url-access=subscription }} *{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Ian |last2=Nicholson |first2=Paul |title=The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofanci0000shaw |url-access=registration |year=1995 |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |isbn=0-8109-9096-2 |ref=ShawNicholson1995 }} *{{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=R. S. |title=Demotic Grammar in the Ptolemaic Sacerdotal Decrees |publisher=Griffith Institute |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-900416-65-1 |ref=Simpson96}} *{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=R. S. |title=The Rosetta Stone: translation of the demotic text |publisher=The British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/r/the_rosetta_stone_translation.aspx |date=n.d. |access-date=2010-07-21 |ref=Simpson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706095633/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/r/the_rosetta_stone_translation.aspx |archive-date=2010-07-06 }} *{{Cite book |last1=Solé |first1=Robert |author-link1=w:Robert Solé |last2=Valbelle |first2=Dominique |title=The Rosetta Stone: the story of the decoding of hieroglyphics |year=2002 |publisher=Four Walls Eight Windows |isbn=978-1-56858-226-9 |ref=Solé69 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/rosettastone0000sole }} *{{Cite book |last1=Spencer |first1=Neal |last2=Thorne |first2=C. |title=Book of Egyptian Hieroglyphs |url=https://archive.org/details/britishmuseumboo0000spen |year=2003 |publisher=British Museum Press, Barnes & Noble |isbn=978-0-7607-4199-3 |ref=Spencer69}} *{{Cite book |title=Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum |year=1847 |publisher=British Museum |ref=Synopsis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHJUAAAAYAAJ }} *{{Cite book |title=Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt |last1=Tyldesley |first1=Joyce |author-link1=w:Joyce Tyldesley |year=2006 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=0-500-05145-3 |ref=Tyldesley2006 |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofqueen00tyld }} *{{Cite book |editor-last1=Walker |editor-first1=Susan |editor-last2=Higgs |editor-first2=Peter |title=Cleopatra of Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt0000unse_h7b7 |year=2001 |publisher=British Museum Press |isbn=0-7141-1943-1 |ref=Walker2001}} *{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Robert Thomas |title=History of the British Expedition to Egypt. 4th ed. |year=1803 |publisher=Military Library |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mypLAAAAYAAJ |access-date=2010-07-19}} {{Refend}} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== * {{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA24 |title=British Museum Object Database reference number: EA24 }} * {{Cite web|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/rosetta-stone.htm |title= How the Rosetta Stone works |date= 11 December 2007 |publisher=Howstuffworks.com}} == Sommo Yizie == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Rosetta Stone| ]] [[Category:Stones]] [[Category:196 BC]] [[Category:2nd-century BC steles]] [[Category:1799 archaeological discoveries]] [[Category:Ancient Egyptian stelas]] [[Category:Egyptology]] [[Category:Multilingual texts]] [[Category:Ancient Egyptian objects in the British Museum]] [[Category:French invasion of Egypt and Syria]] [[Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon]] [[Category:Ptolemaic Greek inscriptions]] [[Category:Metaphors referring to objects]] [[Category:1799 in Egypt]] [[Category:History of translation]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Beheira Governorate]] oizlsg3v1h1jdtt4gjgo0d114gvgxfc 0 5867 63682 53608 2026-08-03T18:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item|item=Q3726}} '''Banjul''' (UK: /bænˈdʒuːl/, US: /ˈbɑːndʒuːl/)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083754/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/banjul</ref>,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083805/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/banjul</ref> neŋ emmo naŋ e '''City of Banjul''', e la Kapital teŋɛ ko a Gambia. O e la zie ko a eponymous administrative division naŋ be yiriŋ ka a noɔre e 400,000 kpeɛreba, naŋ vɛŋ a Gambia's e kpoŋ kyɛ naŋ taa yagroŋ yaga a metropolitan area. A teŋɛ Banjul bezie la St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), zie na a Gambia River naŋ gaa kpɛ a Atlantic Ocean. A noba yagroŋ noɔre a teŋɛ poɔ naŋ baŋ e la 31,301, neŋ a '''Greater Banjul Area''', naŋ paale neŋ a City ko Banjul ane a Kanifing Municipal Council, neŋ a noba yagroŋ naŋ e 413,397 (2013 census). <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180713114612/http://www.gbos.gov.gm/uploads/census/The%20Gambia%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%202013%20Provisional%20Report.pdf</ref>A island gaa laŋ ne la mainland te ko a west ane a Greater Banjul Area via bridges. Ferries tagemare ne Banjul ko a mainland a baa lambori kaŋa. Yi a 19th century te ta 24 April 1973, a teŋɛ meŋ taa la '''Bathurst'''. == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Banjul (1991-2020) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |32.5 (90.5) |33.2 (91.8) |32.9 (91.2) |31.8 (89.2) |31.6 (88.9) |32.3 (90.1) |31.8 (89.2) |31.6 (88.9) |32.1 (89.8) |33.6 (92.5) |34.0 (93.2) |33.1 (91.6) |32.5 (90.5) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |25.3 (77.5) |25.9 (78.6) |26.3 (79.3) |26.1 (79.0) |26.5 (79.7) |27.5 (81.5) |27.7 (81.9) |27.7 (81.9) |27.9 (82.2) |28.9 (84.0) |28.4 (83.1) |26.6 (79.9) |27.1 (80.8) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |18.3 (64.9) |18.7 (65.7) |19.9 (67.8) |20.3 (68.5) |21.2 (70.2) |22.7 (72.9) |23.7 (74.7) |23.8 (74.8) |23.7 (74.7) |24.1 (75.4) |22.7 (72.9) |20.1 (68.2) |21.6 (70.9) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |0.7 (0.03) |0.9 (0.04) |0.0 (0.0) |0.0 (0.0) |2.5 (0.10) |54.7 (2.15) |174.8 (6.88) |353.6 (13.92) |244.1 (9.61) |76.4 (3.01) |1.3 (0.05) |0.2 (0.01) |909.2 (35.80) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) |0.1 |0.2 |0.0 |0.0 |0.1 |3.3 |11.4 |15.6 |13.7 |4.4 |0.1 |0.1 |49.0 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |47 |47 |50 |58 |67 |73 |81 |85 |84 |80 |69 |55 |67 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |207.7 |237.3 |266.6 |252.0 |229.4 |201.0 |182.9 |189.1 |183.0 |217.0 |246.0 |210.8 |2,622.8 |- !Mean daily sunshine hours |6.7 |8.4 |8.6 |8.4 |7.4 |6.7 |5.9 |6.1 |6.1 |7.0 |8.2 |6.8 |7.2 |- | colspan="14" |Source 1: World Meteorological Organization |- | colspan="14" |Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity and sun) |} {| class="wikitable" |+Banjul mean sea temperature !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- |22 °C (72 °F) |21 °C (70 °F) |21 °C (70 °F) |22 °C (72 °F) |24 °C (75 °F) |26 °C (79 °F) |27 °C (81 °F) |27 °C (81 °F) |27 °C (81 °F) |27 °C (81 °F) |27 °C (81 °F) |24 °C (75 °F) |25 °C (77 °F) |} ==Desekyere== [[File:Banjul districts.png|thumb|Districts of Banjul]] Banjul Division (Greater Banjul Area) po-eŋ la ziiri ayi. Ana la: *[[Banjul District|Banjul]] *[[Kanifing District|Kanifing]] * == Nembanne mine == * Gambino Akuboy (dɔgebo 1985), singer & songwriter, actor ane screenwriter.^{[''citation needed'']} * Modou Badjie (born 1997), footballer * Musa Barrow, footballer * Ebrima Darboe (Born 2001), football player * Ibrahim Muhammadu Garba-Jahumpa (1912-1994), trade union leader and politician * Nicolas Jackson, footballer (born in Banjul) == Meŋ kaa nyɛ == * Divisions ko Gambia * Districts ko Gambia ==Bibliography== * {{Cite book|title=A Geocritical Representation of Banjul (Bathurst): 1816–2016 |editor1=Pierre Gomez |editor2=Hassoum Ceesay |editor2-link=Hassoum Ceesay |year=2018 |publisher=Global Hands Publishing}} * Matthew James Park, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143224/https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/3904/datastream/OBJ/download/HEART_OF_BANJUL___THE_HISTORY_OF_BANJUL__THE_GAMBIA__1816_-1965.pdf Heart of Banjul: The History of Banjul, The Gambia, 1816-1965] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143224/https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/3904/datastream/OBJ/download/HEART_OF_BANJUL___THE_HISTORY_OF_BANJUL__THE_GAMBIA__1816_-1965.pdf |date=2020-07-26 }}. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University, 2016. * {{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoftw0000unse_d2j1 |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor1-link=Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003 |chapter= Banjul, Gambia}} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Commons category|Banjul}} {{Wikivoyage|Banjul}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20230223123309/https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/3904/datastream/OBJ/View/ A History of Banjul, PhD thesis] == Sommo Yizie == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Banjul| ]] [[Category:Local Government Areas of the Gambia]] [[Category:Populated places in the Gambia]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Serer country]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1816]] [[Category:Port cities and towns of the Atlantic Ocean]] [[Category:Port cities in Africa]] [[Category:Gambia River]] [[Category:Former colonies of Courland]] [[Category:1816 establishments in the British Empire]] [[Category:1816 establishments in Africa]] l12nwcz285kazwtkkztnk8by0xqf9zn 0 5870 63659 58329 2026-08-03T18:28:54Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3844}} '''Brazzaville''' (French boɔloo: [bʁazavil]) e la teŋkpoŋ ane kapital ko Republic Congo. ''Administratively'', o e la depaamɛte ane commune. <ref>https://ins-congo.cg/download/chapitre-3-organisation-administrative/</ref>Naŋ taa financial ane administrative centre ko a teŋɛ, o bezie la north seŋ naŋ e Congo River, naŋ be Kinshasa, a kapital teŋɛ naŋ e Democratic Republic ko a Congo (DR Congo). A kapital ko yagroŋ naŋ duori ta 2.1 million kpeɛreba, naŋ taa te gaŋ ''third of the national populace''. A 40% mine la tona toma non-agricultural professions. Yi a World War II, Brazzaville da toŋɛɛ a de facto kapital ko Free France neŋ 1940 ane 1942. A 2013, Brazzaville da taa la eebo ko a teŋɛ naŋ kyaare Music neŋ UNESCO; yi be o meŋ da e la mɛmba ko a Creative Cities Network.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021133/https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/10/453392-brazzaville-zahle-krakow-and-fabriano-designated-unesco-creative-cities</ref> == Gɔbena == # Makélékélé # Bacongo # Poto-Poto # Moungali # Ouenzé # Talangaï # Mfilou # Madibou # Djiri == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Brazzaville (1991-2020) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |37.5 (99.5) |36.3 (97.3) |37.5 (99.5) |36.8 (98.2) |37.3 (99.1) |34.3 (93.7) |33.8 (92.8) |40.2 (104.4) |39.5 (103.1) |38.9 (102.0) |35.8 (96.4) |40.2 (104.4) |40.2 (104.4) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |30.9 (87.6) |31.7 (89.1) |32.5 (90.5) |32.6 (90.7) |31.4 (88.5) |28.9 (84.0) |28.1 (82.6) |29.1 (84.4) |30.9 (87.6) |31.2 (88.2) |31.2 (88.2) |30.8 (87.4) |30.8 (87.4) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |26.1 (79.0) |26.6 (79.9) |26.8 (80.2) |26.7 (80.1) |26.3 (79.3) |24.1 (75.4) |23.4 (74.1) |24.1 (75.4) |25.9 (78.6) |26.2 (79.2) |25.7 (78.3) |25.9 (78.6) |25.6 (78.1) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |22.6 (72.7) |22.3 (72.1) |22.9 (73.2) |22.9 (73.2) |22.6 (72.7) |20.6 (69.1) |19.5 (67.1) |20.5 (68.9) |21.7 (71.1) |22.3 (72.1) |22.3 (72.1) |22.4 (72.3) |21.9 (71.4) |- !Record low °C (°F) |17.0 (62.6) |14.5 (58.1) |17.7 (63.9) |18.6 (65.5) |17.0 (62.6) |12.7 (54.9) |10.5 (50.9) |10.3 (50.5) |15.2 (59.4) |13.7 (56.7) |18.2 (64.8) |17.7 (63.9) |10.3 (50.5) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |159.5 (6.28) |136.6 (5.38) |188.7 (7.43) |168.8 (6.65) |132.0 (5.20) |9.4 (0.37) |3.0 (0.12) |10.8 (0.43) |42.6 (1.68) |163.5 (6.44) |263.6 (10.38) |216.4 (8.52) |1,494.9 (58.85) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) |10 |8 |11 |12 |8 |1 |0 |0 |4 |9 |14 |12 |89 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |81 |80 |79 |81 |81 |79 |77 |73 |71 |76 |81 |82 |78 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |171 |167 |192 |181 |177 |141 |127 |133 |145 |152 |157 |154 |1,897 |- | colspan="14" |Source: NOAA |} ==Notable people== :''See [[:Category:People from Brazzaville]]'' [[File:Ali Bongo Ondimba.png|thumb|140px|[[Ali Bongo Ondimba]], 2016]] [[File:Antoinette Sassou-Nguesso.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Antoinette Sassou Nguesso]], 2011]] * [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] (1852–1905), eponymous founder.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Brazza, Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de | volume= 4 |last= Goldie |first= George Dashwood Taubman |author-link= George Taubman Goldie | pages = 464&ndash;465 |short= 1}}</ref> *[[Prosper Philippe Augouard]], (1852–1921) French Catholic priest, missionary and explorer, settled Brazzaville in 1887. *[[Ambroise Noumazalaye]] (1933–2007) [[List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo| Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville]], 1966 to 1968 *[[Jean Serge Essous]] (1935-2009) a Congolese saxophonist & clarinetist *[[Emmanuel Dongala]] (born 1941) a Congolese chemist and novelist. *[[Patience Dabany]] (born 1941) singer, musician and [[First Ladies and Gentlemen of Gabon|First Lady of Gabon]], 1967 to 1987. *[[Antoinette Sassou Nguesso]] (born 1945) [[First Lady of the Republic of the Congo]] since 1997 *[[Aurlus Mabélé]] (1953–2020) a Congolese singer and composer. *[[Charles Richard Mondjo]] (born 1954) Chief of Staff of the [[Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo|Congo Armed Forces]], 2002 to 2012. *[[Dominique Ntsiété]] (1940-2012), senator *[[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] (born 1959), Gabonese politician, 3rd [[President of Gabon]] since 2009. *[[Alain Akouala Atipault]] (born 1959) politician and government Minister. *[[Frédéric Bintsamou]] (born 1964) a Protestant clergyman and leader of the "semi-religious" rebel group [[Ninja (militia)|The Ninjas]] *[[Bill Kouélany]] (born 1965) a Congolese artist, writer and set designer. *[[Alain Mabanckou]] (born 1966) novelist, journalist, poet and academic *[[Cyril Kongo]] (born 1969), a French painter and graffiti artist, lived in Brazzaville in the 80s. *[[Dominique Tchimbakala]] (born 1977) journalist and TV presenter, news anchor for [[TV5Monde]]. *[[Gaitana (singer)|Gaitana]] (born 1979), [[List of famous Ukrainian people|Ukrainian]] singer who lived in Brazzaville for five years. *[[Scholastique Dianzinga]], professor and specialist in women's history *[[Sardoine Mia]] (born 1998), artist === Sport === * [[André Merlin]] (1911–1960) a French tennis player. * [[François M'Pelé]] (born 1947) a former footballer with 521 club caps and 9 for [[Congo national football team|Congo]] * [[Rolf-Christel Guié-Mien]] (born 1977) former footballer with 338 club caps and 26 for [[Congo national football team|Congo]] *[[Oscar Ewolo]] (born 1978) former footballer with 374 club caps and 38 for [[Congo national football team|Congo]] *[[Lorène Bazolo]] (born 1983) track and field athlete, Congolese flag bearer at the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] *[[Ladislas Douniama]] (born 1986) former footballer with over 250 club caps and 28 for [[Congo national football team|Congo]] * [[Pamela Mouele-Mboussi]] (born 1988) long and triple jumper, national flag carrier at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] *[[Serge Ibaka]] (born 1989), professional basketball player *[[Férébory Doré]] (born 1989) footballer with over 200 club caps and 37 for [[Congo national football team|Congo]] ==Twin towns and sister cities== *{{Flagicon|GER}} ''[[Dresden]]'', Germany *{{Flagicon|PRC}} ''[[Weihai]]'', China *{{Flagicon|COD}} ''[[Kinshasa]]'', Democratic Republic of the Congo ==Notes== {{See also|Timeline of Brazzaville#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Brazzaville}} {{Notelist}} *Chavannes, Charles de. (1929) "Le Sergent Sénégalais Malamine." ''Annales de l'Académie des Sciences Coloniales'', vol. 3:159–187. *Petringa, Maria. (2006) ''Brazza, A Life for Africa'' (2006) {{ISBN|978-1-4259-1198-0}} *Tiepolo, M. (1996) "City Profile: Brazzaville" in ''Cities'' v. 13, pp.&nbsp;117–124 *Brisset-Guibert, Hervé (2007) ''Brazzaville petit guide historique'', in the site www.presidence.cg ("palais presidentiel") *Cultural reference: In the final scene of the 1942 film, Casablanca, it is to Brazzaville that Captain Renault (Claude Rains) suggests he and Rick (Humphrey Bogart) might escape to together for "vacation" and, as Rick counters, "the beginning of a beautiful friendship." *{{Cite book |last1=Whitehouse |first1=Bruce |title=Migrants and Strangers in an African City: Exile, Dignity, Belonging |url=https://archive.org/details/migrantsstranger0000whit |date=2012 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington |isbn=9780253000811}} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Commons category|Brazzaville}} *{{Wikivoyage-inline}} *[https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1969/1/fuc_book_sheets_tuprints.pdf Fusion Cities, consolidation of movement], urban analysis seminar with vectorised maps of the agglomeration. TU Darmstadt, 2009 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061108125758/http://www.harvardmag.com/jf97/vita.html Maria Petringa's biographical article] on Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, describing events leading to the founding of Brazzaville, 1997 == Sommo Yizie == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] cyub3e24ftywtuarh6xvkmmn9ct7nks 0 5875 63678 59047 2026-08-03T18:47:37Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q977}} '''Djibouti''' (meŋ naŋ e '''Djibouti City''' ane '''Jibuti''' a piiluu saŋa a Western texts)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language</ref> e la a kapital ko a Republic naŋ e Djibouti. O bezie la coastal Djibouti Region naŋ e Gulf ko Tadjoura. Djibouti taa la noba yagroŋ naŋ e 780,000 km teŋkpeɛreba,<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/djibouti/</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210109085133/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti</ref>sɔrebo naŋ e 73% ko a teŋɛ noba yagroŋ. A zenzie da la a 1888 yi a French, yi tensɔga faabo yi a wederoŋ naŋ da be a Somali anw Afar Sultans. Yi a saŋa na, o da e la kapital ko a French Somaliland ane a zuleɛrɛ naŋ e French Territory ko a Afars ane Issas. == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Djibouti (1961–1990) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |32.1 (89.8) |32.6 (90.7) |36.1 (97.0) |36.4 (97.5) |44.5 (112.1) |45.9 (114.6) |45.9 (114.6) |45.8 (114.4) |43.6 (110.5) |38.3 (100.9) |34.8 (94.6) |32.6 (90.7) |45.9 (114.6) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |28.7 (83.7) |29.0 (84.2) |30.2 (86.4) |32.0 (89.6) |34.9 (94.8) |39.0 (102.2) |41.7 (107.1) |41.2 (106.2) |37.2 (99.0) |33.1 (91.6) |30.8 (87.4) |29.3 (84.7) |33.9 (93.0) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |25.1 (77.2) |25.7 (78.3) |27.0 (80.6) |28.7 (83.7) |31.0 (87.8) |34.2 (93.6) |36.4 (97.5) |36.0 (96.8) |33.1 (91.6) |29.3 (84.7) |26.9 (80.4) |25.4 (77.7) |29.9 (85.8) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |21.5 (70.7) |22.5 (72.5) |23.8 (74.8) |25.4 (77.7) |27.0 (80.6) |29.3 (84.7) |31.1 (88.0) |30.6 (87.1) |28.9 (84.0) |25.6 (78.1) |23.1 (73.6) |21.6 (70.9) |25.9 (78.6) |- !Record low °C (°F) |16.0 (60.8) |16.2 (61.2) |17.0 (62.6) |18.5 (65.3) |19.8 (67.6) |24.0 (75.2) |23.3 (73.9) |24.1 (75.4) |23.1 (73.6) |17.2 (63.0) |17.8 (64.0) |16.8 (62.2) |16.0 (60.8) |- !Average rainfall mm (inches) |10.0 (0.39) |18.8 (0.74) |20.3 (0.80) |28.9 (1.14) |16.7 (0.66) |0.1 (0.00) |6.2 (0.24) |5.6 (0.22) |3.1 (0.12) |20.2 (0.80) |22.4 (0.88) |11.2 (0.44) |163.5 (6.44) |- !Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) |2 |3 |1 |2 |1 |0 |1 |1 |0 |2 |2 |1 |15 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |74 |73 |73 |75 |70 |57 |43 |46 |60 |67 |71 |71 |65 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |243.9 |218.7 |262.4 |274.0 |314.7 |283.5 |259.0 |276.8 |278.7 |296.7 |285.8 |271.6 |3,265.8 |- | colspan="14" |Source 1: Hong Kong Observatory (temperature and rainfall), NOAA (sunshine and records) |- | colspan="14" |Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (rainy days 1968–1986, humidity 1953–1970) |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Djibouti |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Average sea temperature °C (°F) |26.0 (79.0) |26.0 (79.0) |27.0 (81.0) |28.0 (82.0) |30.0 (86.0) |31.0 (88.0) |30.0 (86.0) |29.0 (84.0) |30.0 (86.0) |30.0 (86.0) |28.0 (82.0) |27.0 (81.0) |28.5 (83.3) |- !Mean daily daylight hours |12.0 |12.0 |12.0 |12.0 |13.0 |13.0 |13.0 |12.0 |12.0 |12.0 |12.0 |11.0 |12.2 |- !Average Ultraviolet index |10 |11+ |11+ |11+ |11+ |11+ |11+ |11+ |11+ |11 |10 |9 |10.7 |- ! colspan="14" |Source: Weather Atlas |} ==Twin towns – sister cities== Djibouti e la tembile naŋ taa a ziiri ama: {| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"| |- | height:17px; width:160px;"| Country ! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| Town |- |! !| {{USA}} |! !| [[File:Seal of Saint Paul, Minnesota.gif|25px]] [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]]{{Cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/2015/07/16/st-paul-approves-new-sister-city-djibouti-city/ |title=St. Paul approves new sister city: Djibouti City – Twin Cities |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522032550/http://www.twincities.com/2015/07/16/st-paul-approves-new-sister-city-djibouti-city/ |archive-date=22 May 2017 |url-status=live }} |- |! !| {{TUR}} |! !|[[Ankara]]{{Cite web |url=http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/en-US/Content/PrintDetail/9978/ |title=208 sister cities in 93 countries |access-date=6 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406181403/http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/en-US/Content/PrintDetail/9978/ |archive-date=6 April 2019 |url-status=live }} |- |! !| {{ETH}} |! !| [[File:Emblem of the Addis Ababa City Administration.svg|25x25px]] [[Addis Ababa]]{{Cite web |url=http://www.addisababa.gov.et/es/web/guest/-/addis-ababa-djibouti-sign-mou-on-becoming-sister-cities?inheritRedirect=true/ |title=Addis Ababa, Djibouti sign MoU on becoming sister cities – Communication and Media – aaca |publisher=Addisababa.gov.et |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626205647/http://www.addisababa.gov.et/es/web/guest/-/addis-ababa-djibouti-sign-mou-on-becoming-sister-cities?inheritRedirect=true/ |url-status=dead }} |} ==Zikpeɛre mine naŋ taa bammo== [[File:Dileita Mohamed Dileita detail 090114-F-3682S-269.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]], former Prime Minister of Djibouti and UMP representative in the sub-prefecture of Djibouti]] {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| * [[Ayanleh Souleiman]]: Professional athlete * [[Lula Ali Ismaïl]]: Djiboutian-Canadian film director * [[Aïcha Mohamed Robleh]]: Writer * [[Jamal Abdi Dirieh]]: Athlete * [[Fadumo Ahmed Dhimbiil]]: Musician * [[Mumin Gala|Moumin Guelleh]]: Athlete * [[Abdourahman Waberi]]: Novelist * [[Mohamed Ali Fourchette]]: Musician * [[Yacin Elmi Bouh]]: Politician * [[Xabiiba Cabdilaahi|Xabiiba Balbalaaf]]: Musician * [[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]]: Former Prime Minister of Djibouti * [[Mohamed Ali Mohamed]]: Politician * [[Abdi Waiss Mouhyadin]]: Athlete * [[Choukri Djibah]]: Politician and Women's equality activist * [[Dya-Eddine Said Bamakhrama]], diplomat }} * Ayanleh Souleiman: Professional athlete * Lula Ali Ismaïl: Djiboutian-Canadian film director * Aïcha Mohamed Robleh: Writer * Jamal Abdi Dirieh: Athlete * Fadumo Ahmed Dhimbiil: Musician * Moumin Guelleh: Athlete * Abdourahman Waberi: Novelist * Mohamed Ali Fourchette: Musician * Yacin Elmi Bouh: Politician * Xabiiba Balbalaaf: Musician * Dileita Mohamed Dileita: Former Prime Minister of Djibouti * Mohamed Ali Mohamed: Politician * Abdi Waiss Mouhyadin: Athlete * Choukri Djibah: Politician and Women's equality activist * Dya-Eddine Said Bamakhrama, diplomat ===Works cited=== * {{Cite journal|title=Jibouti and Madagascar in the 1939–45 War |last=Ebsworth |first=W. A. |journal=Journal of the Royal United Service Institution |volume=98 |issue=592 |year=1953 |pages=564–68 |doi=10.1080/03071845309422199}} * {{Cite book |last=Raugh |first=H. E. |title=Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship |url=https://archive.org/details/wavellinmiddleea0000raug |year=1993 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=0-08-040983-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Rovighi |title=Le operazioni in Africa orientale (giugno 1940 – novembre 1941) |series=Volume II: Documenti |publisher= Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito |location=Rome |year=1995}} ==ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Portal|Africa}} *{{Commons category-inline|Djibouti (city)}} == Sommo Yizie == [[Category:Djibouti City| ]] <!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Regions of Djibouti]] [[Category:Populated places in Djibouti]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Djibouti]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:City-states]] [[Category:Port cities in Africa]] [[Category:Ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1888]] [[Category:1888 establishments in Africa]] apdzixwsu616jkvp3ghgyk0uxy2q6yr 0 5878 63662 53553 2026-08-03T18:30:54Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3780}} '''Freetown''' (Krio: ''Fritɔun'') e la kapital ane teŋkpoŋ naŋ be a Sierra Leone. O e la zikpoŋ naŋ be port city naŋ be Atlantic Ocean naŋ be a Western Area naŋ be a teŋɛ. Freetown e la Sierra Leone's major urban, economic, financial, cultural, educational ane political centre, yi o naŋ e a kogo ko a Gɔbena ko a Sierra Leone. A noba yagroŋ e la Freetown naŋ be 1,347,559 naŋ da e a 2024 noba yagroŋ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001303/https://www.statistics.sl/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2015_census_fact-sheet.pdf</ref> == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Freetown, Sierra Leone (1961–1990, extremes 1947–1990) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |36.0 (96.8) |38.0 (100.4) |38.0 (100.4) |38.5 (101.3) |35.0 (95.0) |35.0 (95.0) |33.0 (91.4) |32.0 (89.6) |31.0 (87.8) |35.0 (95.0) |36.5 (97.7) |33.5 (92.3) |38.5 (101.3) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |29.9 (85.8) |30.3 (86.5) |30.9 (87.6) |31.2 (88.2) |30.9 (87.6) |30.1 (86.2) |28.7 (83.7) |28.4 (83.1) |29.0 (84.2) |29.9 (85.8) |30.1 (86.2) |29.7 (85.5) |29.9 (85.9) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |27.3 (81.1) |27.6 (81.7) |28.1 (82.6) |28.5 (83.3) |28.3 (82.9) |27.4 (81.3) |26.3 (79.3) |25.9 (78.6) |26.4 (79.5) |27.1 (80.8) |27.7 (81.9) |27.5 (81.5) |27.3 (81.2) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |23.8 (74.8) |24.0 (75.2) |24.4 (75.9) |24.8 (76.6) |24.4 (75.9) |23.6 (74.5) |23.1 (73.6) |23.0 (73.4) |23.1 (73.6) |23.4 (74.1) |24.0 (75.2) |24.1 (75.4) |23.8 (74.9) |- !Record low °C (°F) |15.0 (59.0) |17.8 (64.0) |19.4 (66.9) |20.0 (68.0) |20.6 (69.1) |20.0 (68.0) |19.4 (66.9) |19.4 (66.9) |20.0 (68.0) |19.4 (66.9) |20.0 (68.0) |15.6 (60.1) |15.0 (59.0) |- !Average rainfall mm (inches) |8.0 (0.31) |6.0 (0.24) |28.0 (1.10) |68.0 (2.68) |214.0 (8.43) |522.0 (20.55) |1,190 (46.85) |1,078 (42.44) |800.0 (31.50) |333.0 (13.11) |148.0 (5.83) |38.0 (1.50) |4,433 (174.54) |- !Average rainy days |0 |0 |1 |4 |15 |22 |27 |27 |24 |21 |9 |2 |152 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |66 |67 |67 |68 |73 |76 |81 |82 |80 |78 |76 |69 |74 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |226.3 |215.6 |232.5 |207.0 |189.1 |153.0 |102.3 |86.8 |126.0 |186.0 |198.0 |161.2 |2,083.8 |- | colspan="14" |Source 1: NOAA, Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes), |- | colspan="14" |Source 2: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System |} ==Enfuomo== <gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" caption="Some other notable places in Freetown" heights="70px" perrow="4"> File:Freetown Court 1984.jpg|Law Courts Building, Siaka Stevens Street File:Lumley Beach Freetown.JPG|Lumley Beach File:Magazine Wharf - home to some of Freetown's hardest-hit Ebola survivors (22772017351).jpg|Freetown's highly congested Magazine Wharf neighbourhood – which was hit hard during the 2014 Ebola crisis File:Lumley.jpg|Lumley area File:Atlantic estate.jpg|Aberdeen File:Central Freetown at night, Sierra Leone. January1 2014.jpg|Night view of Central Freetown </gallery> == Twin towns/sister cities == Freetown is officially [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa|twinned]] with five cities: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background:white; width:60%;" |- style="color:black;" ! ! style="background:#00FF7F; width: 40%;" | City ! ! style="background:#00FF7F; width:40%;" | Province / Region / State ! ! style="background:#00FF7F; width:15%;" | Country ! ! style="background:#00FF7F; width:10%;" | Year ! ! style="background:#00FF7F; width:10%;" | Ref |- | ! ! style="background:LightCyan;" | [[File:Flag of Charleston, South Carolina.svg|30px]] '''[[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]]''' | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | [[South Carolina]] | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|United States}} | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | 2019 | ! ! style="text-align:center;" |{{Cite web |title=Press Release: Freetown & Charleston Sign Sister City Partnership Agreement |url=https://fcc.gov.sl/freetowncharlestonsignsistercitypartnershipagreement/ |website=fcc.gov.sl |publisher=Freetown City Council |date=15 July 2019 |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926135448/https://fcc.gov.sl/freetowncharlestonsignsistercitypartnershipagreement/ |url-status=live }} |- | ! ! style="background:LightCyan;" | '''[[Hefei]]''' | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | [[Anhui]] | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|CHN}} | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | 1984 | ! ! style="text-align:center;" |{{Cite web |title=Ambassador from China to Sierra Leone Pays the Mayor of Freetown a Courtesy Call |url=https://fcc.gov.sl/ambassador-from-china-to-sierra-leone-pays-the-mayor-of-freetown-a-courtesy-call/ |website=fcc.gov.sl |publisher=Freetown City Council |date=22 August 2019 |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926131107/https://fcc.gov.sl/ambassador-from-china-to-sierra-leone-pays-the-mayor-of-freetown-a-courtesy-call/ |url-status=live }} |- | ! ! style="background:LightCyan;" | [[File:Flag of Kansas City, Missouri.svg|30px]] '''[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]''' | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | [[Missouri]] | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|United States}} | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | 1974 | ! ! style="text-align:center;" |{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://www.kcsistercities.org/ |website=kcsistercities.org |publisher=Kansas City Sister Cities Association |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023053702/https://www.kcsistercities.org/ |url-status=live }} |- | ! ! style="background:LightCyan;" | [[File:Coat of Arms of Kingston upon Hull.svg|20px]] '''[[Kingston upon Hull]]''' | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | [[England]] | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | 1979 | ! ! style="text-align:center;" |{{Cite web |title=Mayor of Hull City Pays Courtesy Call on President Julius Maada Bio at State Lodge in Freetown |url=https://statehouse.gov.sl/mayor-of-hull-city-pays-courtesy-call-on-president-julius-maada-bio-at-state-lodge-in-freetown/ |website=statehouse.gov.sl |publisher=The Republic of Sierra Leone State House |date=11 June 2019 |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828093439/https://statehouse.gov.sl/mayor-of-hull-city-pays-courtesy-call-on-president-julius-maada-bio-at-state-lodge-in-freetown/ |url-status=live }} |- | ! ! style="background:LightCyan;" |'''[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]''' | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | [[Connecticut]] | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|United States}} | ! ! style="text-align:center;" | | ! ! style="text-align:center;" |{{Cite web |title=New Haven Sister Cities |url=https://www.newhavenct.gov/arts/neighborhood_n_cultural_development/sister_cities.htm |website=newhavenct.gov |publisher=City of New Haven |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516191920/https://www.newhavenct.gov/arts/neighborhood_n_cultural_development/sister_cities.htm |url-status=dead }} |- |} ==meŋ kyɛlle kyɛ== {{Portal|Sierra Leone}} * [[List of people from Freetown]] [[Category:Wp/wlx]] ==Bibliography== {{See also|Timeline of Freetown#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Freetown}} * {{Cite book |last1=Rodney |first1=Walter |title=A history of the Upper Guinea Coast 1545 to 1800 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofuppergu0000rodn |date=1970 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford}} == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == * {{Commons category-inline|Freetown}} * {{Wikivoyage inline|Freetown}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYkTeAaow_s 220 Years of Freetown] on [[YouTube]] {{List of African capitals|state=expanded}} {{Geographic location |title = '''Freetown and neighbouring cities, towns and places''' |North = Atlantic ocean, Lungi (airport), Masoila |Northwest = Atlantic ocean, [[Conakry]] |Northeast = Sierra Leone River (Estuary), Tagrin, Bunce Island, Pepel |West = Atlantic ocean |East = Jui, Hastings, Waterloo |Southwest = Banana Island, Atlantic ocean |Centre = '''FREETOWN''' |South = Bureh Town/Bureh Beach, Kent, York, John Obey, Tokeh, Tombo |Southeast = Tumbu, Yawri Bay }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Freetown| ]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Sierra Leone]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1792]] [[Category:Populated places in Sierra Leone]] [[Category:Port cities in Africa]] [[Category:Western Area]] [[Category:1790s establishments in Africa]] [[Category:Repatriated Africans]] [[Category:Repatriated slaves]] [[Category:People of Liberated African descent]] [[Category:Populated places established by Sierra Leone Creoles]] [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Freetown]] ==Sommo Yizie== dkz61tid5dwiw8c6thbpuuxfqevmd2c 0 5895 63673 53679 2026-08-03T18:45:22Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3859}} '''Kigali''' (Kinyarwanda boɔloo: [ki.ɡɑ́.ɾi]) e la a kapital ane a teŋkpoŋ ko Rwanda. O peɛlɛɛ a nation's geographic centre naŋ be a region ko rolling hills, neŋ a series valleys ane ridges naŋ nyɔge taa neŋ steep slopes. O naŋ e a primate city, Kigali e la tempaala. O da eɛ a Rwanda's economic, cultural, ane transport hub yi o naŋ da nyɛ sommo a da e administrative outpost a 1907, a da leɛ a kapital teŋɛ ko a independence a 1962, naŋ da derɛ nyaamo yire neŋ a Huye. == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Kigali Airport (1991–2020) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |33.4 (92.1) |35.4 (95.7) |34.0 (93.2) |31.2 (88.2) |31.6 (88.9) |30.8 (87.4) |31.1 (88.0) |32.4 (90.3) |32.8 (91.0) |32.4 (90.3) |30.6 (87.1) |32.0 (89.6) |35.4 (95.7) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |27.5 (81.5) |27.8 (82.0) |27.1 (80.8) |26.4 (79.5) |26.3 (79.3) |26.7 (80.1) |27.4 (81.3) |28.2 (82.8) |28.2 (82.8) |27.4 (81.3) |26.3 (79.3) |26.8 (80.2) |27.2 (81.0) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |21.9 (71.4) |22.0 (71.6) |21.7 (71.1) |21.5 (70.7) |21.5 (70.7) |21.3 (70.3) |21.4 (70.5) |22.3 (72.1) |22.3 (72.1) |21.9 (71.4) |21.2 (70.2) |21.5 (70.7) |21.7 (71.1) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |16.2 (61.2) |16.3 (61.3) |16.2 (61.2) |16.5 (61.7) |16.6 (61.9) |16.0 (60.8) |15.4 (59.7) |16.4 (61.5) |16.4 (61.5) |16.3 (61.3) |16.1 (61.0) |16.2 (61.2) |16.2 (61.2) |- !Record low °C (°F) |12.0 (53.6) |12.4 (54.3) |12.9 (55.2) |12.5 (54.5) |13.0 (55.4) |12.4 (54.3) |7.7 (45.9) |11.0 (51.8) |11.2 (52.2) |11.6 (52.9) |12.8 (55.0) |12.0 (53.6) |7.7 (45.9) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |84.2 (3.31) |83.9 (3.30) |129.1 (5.08) |135.5 (5.33) |88.7 (3.49) |20.3 (0.80) |10.2 (0.40) |30.2 (1.19) |64.8 (2.55) |108.8 (4.28) |121.2 (4.77) |76.4 (3.01) |953.5 (37.54) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) |8.5 |7.8 |12.9 |14.4 |9.8 |2.3 |0.9 |3.6 |7.9 |12.5 |13.6 |9.9 |104.2 |- | colspan="14" |Source: NOAA |} ==Meŋ Kyɛlle kyɛ== {{Portal|Africa}} * [[Inema Arts Center]] * [[Kigali Car-Free Zone]] * [[Kigali Convention Centre]] * [[Kigali Genocide Memorial]] * [[Amahoro Stadium]] * [[BK Arena]] * [[Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park]] == Yele manne mine == {{Reflist|group=nb}} === General and cited references === * {{Cite book |last=Adekunle |first=Julius |year=2007 |title=Culture and customs of Rwanda |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-33177-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0FC40EQujwC}} * {{Cite book |author1=[[African Development Bank]] |author2=[[OECD]] |publisher=OECD Publishing |year=2006 |title=African Economic Outlook |edition=5th |isbn=978-92-64-02243-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpEFOR6WmfYC}} * {{Cite book |last1=Appiah |first1=Anthony |last2=Gates |first2=Henry Louis |year=2010 |title=Encyclopedia of Africa |volume=1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533770-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC }} * {{Cite book |last1=Briggs |first1=Philip |last2=Booth |first2=Janice |year=2006 |title=Rwanda – The Bradt Travel Guide |edition=3rd |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-841621-80-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2Sq4S3P5fQC}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Cassimon |first1=Danny |last2=Engelen |first2=Peter-Jan |last3=Reyntjens |first3=Filip |title=Rwanda's involvement in Eastern DRC: A criminal real options approach |journal=Crime, Law and Social Change |date=2013 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=39–62 |doi=10.1007/s10611-012-9397-7 |s2cid=145263108 |url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46993/1/MPRA_paper_46993.pdf |ref={{Sfnref|Cassimon et al.|2013}}}} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDOZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 |title=Rwanda |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-78477-096-9 |first1=Phillip |last1=Briggs |first2=Sean |last2=Connolly}} * {{Cite web |ssrn=2682850 |first1=Tom |last1=Bundervoet |first2=Laban |last2=Maiyo |first3=Apurva |last3=Sanghi |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/912151468188369841/Bright-Lights-Big-Cities-measuring-national-and-subnational-economic-growth-in-Africa-from-outer-space-with-an-application-to-Kenya-and-Rwanda |title=Bright Lights, Big Cities: Measuring National and Subnational Economic Growth in Africa from Outer Space, with an Application to Kenya and Rwanda |date=October 2015}} * {{Cite web |last1=Bundervoet |first1=Tom |last2=Parby |first2=Jonas Ingemann |last3=Nakamura |first3=Shohei |last4=Choi |first4=Narae |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/875101513836698339/pdf/122174-WP-P157637-PUBLIC-Note-1-Rwanda-Urbanization-12-07-17-rev2.pdf |title=Reshaping urbanization in Rwanda: economic and spatial trends and proposals – note 1: urbanization and the evolution of Rwanda's urban landscape |publisher=World Bank Group |access-date=24 January 2021 |date=December 2017}} * {{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998227-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IawzAAAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite book |author=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2007 |title=The World Factbook 2007 |publisher=Government Printing Office |isbn=978-0-16-078580-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zdyn9od15oQC&pg=PA479 |ref={{Sfnref|CIA|2007}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Chrétien |first=Jean-Pierre |year=2003 |title=The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-1-890951-34-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ezo5PQAACAAJ }} * {{Cite book |first=Roman A. |last=Cybriwsky |title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-248-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ |year=2013}} * {{Cite book |last=Dallaire |first=Roméo |year=2005 |title=Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda |publisher=Arrow |isbn=978-0-09-947893-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde00dall |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |year=2011 |title=Defeat is the only bad news: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931 |author-link=Alison Des Forges |editor=David Newbury |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-299-28143-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0fo54LxVfoC }} * {{Cite book |last=Dorsey |first=Learthen |year=1994 |title=Historical Dictionary of Rwanda |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000dors |edition=1st |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-2820-9 }} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cielCwAAQBAJ |isbn=978-1-49851944-1 |title=A History of Rwandan Identity and Trauma: The Mythmakers' Victims |first=Randall |last=Fegley |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2016}} * {{Cite book |last=Geary |first=Anthony |year=2003 |title=In and Out of Focus: Images from Central Africa, 1885–1960 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-85667-552-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCgz8uSDzF4C}} * {{Cite book |last=King |first=David C. |year=2007 |title=Rwanda (Cultures of the World) |publisher=Benchmark Books |isbn=978-0-7614-2333-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yLx1zSuh_QC}} * {{Cite book |isbn=978-1-920689-56-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FEZCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |title=The Emerging Data Revolution in Africa: Strengthening the Statistics, Policy and Decision-making Chain |first=Ben |last=Kiregyera |year=2015 |publisher=African Sun Media}} * {{Cite book |title=Mapping research and innovation in the Republic of Rwanda |last1=Lemarchand |first1=Guillermo A. |last2=Tash |first2=April |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |year=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOfwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA162 |isbn=978-92-3-100126-0}} * {{Cite book |last1=Linden |first1=Ian |last2=Linden |first2=Jane |year=1977 |title=Church and Revolution in Rwanda |edition=illustrated |publisher=Manchester University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgXoAAAAIAAJ |isbn=978-0-7190-0671-5 }} * {{Cite book |last=Louis |first=William Roger |year=1963 |title=Ruanda-Urundi, 1884–1919 |publisher=Clarendon Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYKRAAAAIAAJ |isbn=978-0-19-821621-6 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |author-link=Mahmood Mamdani |year=2002 |title=When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-10280-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUEamxb89JcC }} * {{Cite web |title=Understanding Dropout and Repetition in Rwanda: Full Report |publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Rwanda)|Ministry of Education, Republic of Rwanda]] (MINEDUC) and [[UNICEF]] |date=20 September 2017 |access-date=20 May 2020 |url=http://www.rencp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DROPOUT-STUDY-FULL-REPORT.pdf |ref={{SfnRef|MINEDUC|UNICEF|2017|p=xvi}}}} * {{Cite web |publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Rwanda)|Ministry of Education, Republic of Rwanda]] (MINEDUC) |date=December 2018 |title=2018 Education Statistics |url=http://statistics.gov.rw/file/7889/download?token=2YQpU2XL |access-date=11 May 2020 |ref={{SfnRef|MINEDUC|2018}} |format=PDF }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Cite book |last1=Munyakazi |first1=Augustine |last2=Ntagaramba |first2=Johnson Funga |year=2005 |title=Atlas of Rwanda |language=fr |publisher=Macmillan Education |isbn=978-0-333-95451-5}} * {{Cite web |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] (NISR) |year=2012a |title=Population size, structure and distribution |url=http://statistics.gov.rw/file/2907/download?token=i09m0Bly |access-date=1 June 2018 |ref={{Sfnref|NISR|2012a}} |format=PDF |archive-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119112823/http://statistics.gov.rw/file/2907/download?token=i09m0Bly |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] (NISR) |year=2012b |title=Final Results: Main indicators report |url=http://www.statistics.gov.rw/file/2868/download?token=xjcIMAtB |access-date=18 May 2020 |ref={{Sfnref|NISR|2012b}} |format=PDF}} * {{Cite report |url=http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/rphc4-thematic-report-socio-cultural-characteristics-population |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] (NISR) |title=Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012: Socio-cultural characteristics of the population |date=January 2014 |access-date=5 May 2020 |ref={{Sfnref|NISR|2014}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Prunier |first=Gérard |author-link=Gérard Prunier |year=1999 |title=The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide |edition=2nd |publisher=Fountain Publishers Limited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |isbn=978-9970-02-089-8 }} * {{Cite web |title=Performance audit report on procurement and management of drugs and medical supplies and its impact on health care at University Teaching Hospital-Kigali |publisher=Office of the Auditor General, Rwanda (OAG) |date=April 2016 |access-date=20 February 2021 |url= https://oag.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Performance_Reports/PROCUREMENT_AND_MANAGEMENT_OF_DRUGS_AND_MEDICAL_SUPPLIES_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_QUALITY_OF_HEALTH_CARE_AT_CHUK.pdf |ref={{Sfnref|OAG|2016}} }} * {{Cite web |title=Youth development success amongst motorcycle taxi drivers in Kigali |first=Will |last=Rollason |publisher=[[Brunel University]] |year=2012 |access-date=19 February 2021 |url= https://www.brunel.ac.uk/research/Projects/pdf/Urban-development-success.pdf }} * {{Cite web |publisher=Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) |year=2013 |title=Kigali: State of Environment and Outlook Report 2013 |url=https://na.unep.net/siouxfalls/publications/Kigali_SOE.pdf |access-date=15 May 2018 |ref={{Sfnref|REMA|2013}} |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212070018/https://na.unep.net/siouxfalls/publications/Kigali_SOE.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |title=List of FM and TV stations operating in Rwanda and their approximate coverage |publisher=Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) |date=30 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2021 |via=Rwanda Governance Board |url=http://www.rgb.rw/fileadmin/Publications/Media/LIST_OF_FM_STATIONS_OPERATING_IN_RWANDA_AND_THEIR_APPROXIMATE_COVERAGE_01.pdf |ref={{Sfnref|RURA|2018}} |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713193534/http://www.rgb.rw/fileadmin/Publications/Media/LIST_OF_FM_STATIONS_OPERATING_IN_RWANDA_AND_THEIR_APPROXIMATE_COVERAGE_01.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvtDAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA164 |title=A Military History of Africa [3 volumes] |first=Timothy J. |last=Stapleton |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-313-39570-3}} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYuNDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 |title=A History of Genocide in Africa |first=Timothy J. |last=Stapleton |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4408-3052-5}} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rfjw_5JL0DsC&pg=PA22 |title=Rwanda in Pictures |first=Thomas |last=Streissguth |edition=illustrated |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8225-8570-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Twagilimana |first=Aimable |year=2015 |title=Historical Dictionary of Rwanda |edition=2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-5591-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9E6xCgAAQBAJ }} * {{Cite web |publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) |author-link=United Nations Development Programme |year=2015 |title=Population projections |url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rwanda/img/pubcovers/UNDP_RW_NHDR-final-March%2031.pdf |access-date=1 June 2018 |ref={{Sfnref|UNDP|2015}} |archive-date=16 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516215305/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rwanda/img/pubcovers/UNDP_RW_NHDR-final-March%2031.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |last=Vansina |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Vansina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgT-lyk40agC |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-2992-0123-4 |title=Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom}} * {{Cite book |last1=Watson |first1=Graeme |last2=Renzi |first2=Barbara Gabriella |last3=Viggiani |first3=Elisabetta |year=2010 |title=Friends and Foes Volume II: Friendship and Conflict from Social and Political Perspectives |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-1993-0 |url={{Google books |plainurl=y |id=L0MaBwAAQBAJ}}}} * {{Cite web |title=Primary Health Care Systems: Case study from Rwanda |version=abridged |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |year=2017 |access-date=16 February 2021 |url= https://www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/projects/AHPSR-PRIMASYS-Rwanda-Abridged.pdf?ua=1 |ref={{Sfnref|WHO|2017}}}} * {{Cite book |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=2004 |title=Education in Rwanda: Rebalancing Resources to Accelerate Post-conflict Development and Poverty Reduction |url=https://archive.org/details/educationinrwand0000unse |series=Country Studies |doi=10.1596/0-8213-5610-0 |isbn=978-0-8213-5610-4 |ref={{Sfnref|World Bank|2004}} }} * {{Cite web |title=Rwanda Economic Update |access-date=24 January 2021 |date=February 2016 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/126991468197359041/pdf/103618-WP-P156677-PUBLIC-Rwanda-Economic-Update-Feb-25-2016.pdf |ref={{Sfnref|World Bank|2016}}}} * {{Cite web |author=World Resources Report |year=2011 |title=Maintenance of Hydropower Potential in Rwanda Through Ecosystem Restoration |url=http://www.worldresourcesreport.org/files/wrr/WRR%20Case%20Study_Ecosystem%20Restoration%20and%20Hydropower%20in%20Rwanda_0.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324153346/http://www.worldresourcesreport.org/files/wrr/WRR%20Case%20Study_Ecosystem%20Restoration%20and%20Hydropower%20in%20Rwanda_0.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=10 February 2020 }} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Wikivoyage|Kigali}} {{Commons category|Kigali}} * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/ Official website of Kigali City] {{Kigali}} {{Rwanda provinces}} {{Navboxes |title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{Nbsp}}Geographic locale |list = '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{Coord|1|56|38|S|30|3|34|E|region:RW-01_type:city(1,100,000)|display=inline}}''' }} {{List of African capitals}} {{Authority control}} ==Sommo Yizie== [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1907]] [[Category:Provinces of Rwanda]] cjyksur4buir6yaryhzhgr5jxp0fnkk 0 5909 63660 53757 2026-08-03T18:29:27Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3881}} '''Lusaka''' (/luːˈsɑːkə/ ''loo-SAH-kə'') e la kapital ane teŋkpoŋ ko Zambia. O e la a tembaare wieoŋ mine kaŋa naŋ be a southern Africa. <ref>https://www.dw.com/en/africas-fastest-growing-cities/g-49895423</ref>Lusaka be la a southern zie naŋ e a central plateau a do saa neŋ mɛlɛ (4,196 ft). A 2019, a paaloŋ noba yagroŋ noɔre da eɛ 3.3 miliyɔɔ, kyɛ ka a urban noba yagroŋ meŋ e 2.5 miliyɔɔ a 2018.<ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/zambia-population/</ref>nn == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Lusaka City Airport (1991–2020) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |35.1 (95.2) |34.4 (93.9) |34.2 (93.6) |33.2 (91.8) |31.1 (88.0) |32.6 (90.7) |31.1 (88.0) |33.5 (92.3) |37.6 (99.7) |39.4 (102.9) |39.5 (103.1) |38.0 (100.4) |39.5 (103.1) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |26.9 (80.4) |26.8 (80.2) |27.2 (81.0) |26.7 (80.1) |25.4 (77.7) |23.6 (74.5) |26.1 (79.0) |29.8 (85.6) |31.5 (88.7) |31.5 (88.7) |30.4 (86.7) |27.6 (81.7) |27.8 (82.0) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |22.1 (71.8) |21.9 (71.4) |22.0 (71.6) |21.0 (69.8) |19.2 (66.6) |17.3 (63.1) |18.3 (64.9) |21.3 (70.3) |23.6 (74.5) |24.8 (76.6) |24.4 (75.9) |22.5 (72.5) |21.5 (70.7) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |17.3 (63.1) |17.0 (62.6) |16.9 (62.4) |15.3 (59.5) |13.0 (55.4) |10.9 (51.6) |10.5 (50.9) |12.7 (54.9) |15.8 (60.4) |18.1 (64.6) |18.3 (64.9) |17.5 (63.5) |15.3 (59.5) |- !Record low °C (°F) |8.6 (47.5) |7.1 (44.8) |7.5 (45.5) |5.5 (41.9) |5.9 (42.6) |5.0 (41.0) |3.0 (37.4) |5.6 (42.1) |6.0 (42.8) |9.2 (48.6) |10 (50) |9.6 (49.3) |3.0 (37.4) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |209.7 (8.26) |168.7 (6.64) |87.6 (3.45) |20.7 (0.81) |2.7 (0.11) |0.2 (0.01) |0.0 (0.0) |0.0 (0.0) |0.3 (0.01) |10.9 (0.43) |78.0 (3.07) |178.6 (7.03) |757.5 (29.82) |- | colspan="14" |Source: NOAA |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Lusaka (Kenneth Kaunda International Airport) (1991–2020) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |39.6 (103.3) |36.4 (97.5) |34.0 (93.2) |34.1 (93.4) |32.8 (91.0) |30.9 (87.6) |33.2 (91.8) |33.5 (92.3) |38.5 (101.3) |38.9 (102.0) |39.4 (102.9) |36.7 (98.1) |39.6 (103.3) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |27.7 (81.9) |28.1 (82.6) |27.0 (80.6) |27.8 (82.0) |26.8 (80.2) |25.0 (77.0) |23.7 (74.7) |27.5 (81.5) |30.7 (87.3) |29.1 (84.4) |30.2 (86.4) |26.9 (80.4) |27.5 (81.6) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |22.9 (73.2) |23.1 (73.6) |22.1 (71.8) |21.2 (70.2) |19.0 (66.2) |16.8 (62.2) |15.9 (60.6) |19.1 (66.4) |22.3 (72.1) |22.7 (72.9) |24.3 (75.7) |22.6 (72.7) |21.4 (70.5) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |18.2 (64.8) |18.0 (64.4) |17.3 (63.1) |14.5 (58.1) |11.2 (52.2) |8.6 (47.5) |8.1 (46.6) |10.6 (51.1) |14.0 (57.2) |16.4 (61.5) |18.3 (64.9) |18.2 (64.8) |14.5 (58.1) |- !Record low °C (°F) |10.2 (50.4) |7.5 (45.5) |10.0 (50.0) |8.0 (46.4) |5.4 (41.7) |0.2 (32.4) |0.7 (33.3) |2.8 (37.0) |5.8 (42.4) |8.1 (46.6) |10.0 (50.0) |10.1 (50.2) |0.2 (32.4) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |187.1 (7.37) |143.4 (5.65) |86.8 (3.42) |24.7 (0.97) |3.5 (0.14) |0.0 (0.0) |0.0 (0.0) |0.2 (0.01) |1.3 (0.05) |8.6 (0.34) |81.0 (3.19) |192.6 (7.58) |729.4 (28.72) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) |18 |15 |10 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |8 |16 |72 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |82.3 |82.5 |80.7 |75.8 |69.3 |65.2 |61.1 |53.6 |46.3 |48.6 |60.2 |78.6 |67.0 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |176.7 |168.0 |220.1 |246.0 |275.9 |270.0 |294.5 |303.8 |291.0 |272.8 |234.0 |182.9 |2,935.7 |- | colspan="14" |Source: NOAA (precipitation days, humidity, sun 1961-1990) |} == Tenne naŋ yitaa ane tempeɛle mine == Lusaka yitaa neŋ la: * {{Flagicon|TJK}} [[Dushanbe]], [[Tajikistan]], since 1966 * {{Flagicon|LIB}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]], (2018) * {{Flagdeco|THA}} [[Udon Thani]], Thailand, (2015) * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[United States]], since 1968 * {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Izhevsk]], Russia * == Nembanne mine == * [[Barbra Banda]], footballer * The [[Rugby union|rugby]] union players [[Corné Krige]] and [[George Gregan]], who respectively captained the {{Nrut|South Africa}}n and {{Nrut|Australia}}n teams in both the [[2002 Tri Nations Series|2002]] and [[2002 Tri Nations Series|2003]] [[Tri Nations Series]], were coincidentally born in the same hospital in Lusaka. * The former [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] [[cricketer]] [[Henry Olonga]] was also born in Lusaka. He was the first black cricketer – and the youngest person – to play for Zimbabwe. * Lusaka is the hometown and place of residence of [[Joseph and Luka Banda]], the first [[conjoined twins]] to be successfully separated by [[Ben Carson]] and his team. * Former professional [[Association football|footballer]] [[Enock Mwepu]] was born in Lusaka * Zambian model [[Lukundo Nalungwe]] grew up in Lusaka * [[Chilufya Tayali]], Zambian politician based in Lusaka * [[Vaughan Gething]], [[First Minister of Wales]], the first black person to lead a European country, was born in Lusaka. == Meŋ Nyɛ Kyɛ == {{Portal|Zambia|Cities}} * [[Southern Africa Freedom Trail]] * [[Kafue Railway Bridge]] (railway bridge from [[Livingstone, Zambia|Livingstone]] to Lusaka) * [[Komboni]] * [[Bibliography of the history of Zambia]] == kyɛlle == {{Notelist}} == Bibliography == * {{Cite book |last1=Auzias |first1=Dominique |last2=Labourdette |first2=Jean-Paul |publisher=Petit Futé |year=2017 |title=Zambie – Escapade au Malawi |language=fr |isbn=979-1-03314-501-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gI0BDgAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite book |author=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2007 |title=The World Factbook 2007 |publisher=Government Printing Office |isbn=978-0-16-078580-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zdyn9od15oQC&pg=PA479 |ref={{Sfnref|CIA|2007}}}} * {{Cite web |author=Central Statistical Office, Republic of Zambia |title=Research Paper on Provincial Gross Domestic Product |year=2017 |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/phocadownload/National_Accounts/RESEARCH%20PAPER%20ON%20PROVINCIAL%20GROSS%20DOMESTIC%20PRODUCT.pdf |access-date=12 July 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Central Statistical Office|2017}}}} * {{Cite web |author=Central Statistical Office, Republic of Zambia |title=Zambia in Figures |year=2018 |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/phocadownload/Dissemination/Zambia%20in%20Figure%202018.pdf |access-date=12 July 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Central Statistical Office|2018}} |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712183520/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/phocadownload/Dissemination/Zambia%20in%20Figure%202018.pdf |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal |last=Chigudu |first=Andrew |year=2021 |title=The Changing Institutional and Legislative Planning Framework of Zambia and Zimbabwe: Nuances for Urban Development |doi=10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104941 |volume=100 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343213616 |journal=Land Use Policy |page=104941 |s2cid=224885225 |doi-access=|bibcode=2021LUPol.10004941C }} * {{Cite journal |last=Chongo |first=Clarence |year=2016 |title=A Good Measure of Sacrifice: Aspects of Zambia's Contribution to the Liberation Wars in Southern Africa, 1964-1975 |journal=Zambia Social Science Journal |volume=6 |number=1 |at=Article 3}} * {{Cite journal |last=Clough |first=G.D. |title=The Constitutional Changes in Northern Rhodesia and Matters Incidental to the Transition |journal=Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law |year=1924 |series=3 |volume=6 |number=4 |pages=278–282 |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law |jstor=752781 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/752781}} * {{Cite journal |last=Fagan |first=B.M. |title=A Collection of Nineteenth-Century Soli Ironwork from the Lusaka Area of Northern Rhodesia |year=1961 |volume=91 |number=2 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |pages=228–250 |doi=10.2307/2844415 |jstor=2844415 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844415|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Fox |first=H. Wilson |title=The Cape-to-Cairo Railway and Train Ferries |journal=The Geographical Journal |date=February 1920 |volume=55 |number=2 |pages=73–101 |publisher=The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) |doi=10.2307/1781582 |jstor=1781582 |bibcode=1920GeogJ..55...73F |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1781582|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Frischkorn |first=Rebecca |journal=Economic Anthropology |year=2015 |volume=2 |pages=205–223 |title=Political Economy of Control: Urban Refugees and the Regulation of Space in Lusaka, Zambia|doi=10.1002/sea2.12025}} * {{Cite book |last1=Grönwall |first1=Jenny T. |last2=Mulenga |first2=Martin |last3=McGranahan |first3=Gordon |title=Groundwater, self-supply and poor urban dwellers: A review with case studies of Bangalore and Lusaka |publisher=[[International Institute for Environment and Development]] |year=2010}} * {{Cite journal |last=Hansen |first=Karen Tranberg |title=Lusaka's Squatters: Past and Present |journal=African Studies Review |year=1982 |volume=25 |number=2–3 |pages=117–136 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.2307/524213 |jstor=524213 |s2cid=145505993 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/524213|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Hamonga |first=Paul |title=Lusaka |journal=[[BBC Focus on Africa]] |publisher=BBC African Service |year=1996 |volume=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZUtAQAAIAAJ}} * {{Cite journal |last=Hunt |first=B.L. |volume=4 |number=1 |year=1959 |title=Kalomo–Livingstone in 1907 |journal=[[Northern Rhodesia Journal]] |publisher=Northern Rhodesian Government Printer}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Home |editor-first=Robert |isbn=978-0-415-82868-0 |title=Lusaka: The New Capital of Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}} * {{Cite journal |last=Katzenellenbogen |first=Simon |title=Zambia and Rhodesia: Prisoners of the Past: A Note on the History of Railway Politics in Central Africa |journal=African Affairs |date=January 1974 |volume=73 |number=290 |pages=63–66 |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal African Society |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096455 |jstor=720981 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/720981|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Lunn |first=Jon |title=The Political Economy of Primary Railway Construction in the Rhodesias, 1890-1911 |journal=The Journal of African History |year=1992 |volume=33 |number=2 |pages=239–254 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032229 |jstor=183000 |s2cid=162300534 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183000|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite book |author1=Lusaka City Council |author2=Environmental Council of Zambia |year=2008 |title=Lusaka City State of Environment Report |publisher=Environmental Council |isbn=978-9982-861-01-4}} * {{Cite book |last=McIntyre |first=Chris |year=2016 |title=Zambia – The Bradt Travel Guide |edition=6th |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-78477-012-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69c5DAAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite book |last=Muchimba |first=Jerry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i1_9CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA213 |title=Godfrey 'Ucar' Chitalu |year=2015 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-1-78462-220-6}} * {{Cite web |last=Mulenga |first=Chileshe L. |title=Urban slums reports: The case of Lusaka, Zambia |via=[[University College London]] |work=Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report on Human Settlements |publisher=Institute of Economic and Social Research, [[University of Zambia]] |year=2003 |access-date=12 June 2021 |url= https://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Lusaka.pdf}} * {{Cite book |last=Mulenga |first=Chileshe L. |title=The State of Food Insecurity in Lusaka, Zambia: Issue 19 of Urban food security series |publisher=Southern African Migration Programme |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-92059-710-8}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Mulenga |first1=Lloyd B. |last2=Hines |first2=Jonas Z. |last3=Fwoloshi |first3=Sombo |last4=Chirwa |first4=Lameck |last5=Siwingwa |first5=Mpanji |last6=Yingst |first6=Samuel |last7=Wolkon |first7=Adam |last8=Barradas |first8=Danielle T. |last9=Favaloro |first9=Jennifer |last10=Zulu |first10=James E. |last11=Banda |first11=Dabwitso |last12=Nikoi |first12=Kotey I. |last13=Kampamba |first13=Davies |last14=Banda |first14=Ngawo |last15=Chilopa |first15=Batista |last16=Hanunka |first16=Brave |last17=Stevens Jr. |first17=Thomas L. |last18=Shibemba |first18=Aaron |last19=Mwale |first19=Consity |last20=Sivile |first20=Suilanji |last21=Zyambo |first21=Khozya D. |last22=Makupe |first22=Alex |last23=Kapina |first23=Muzala |last24=Mweemba |first24=Aggrey |last25=Sinyange |first25=Nyambe |last26=Kapata |first26=Nathan |last27=Zulu |first27=Paul M. |last28=Chanda |first28=Duncan |last29=Mupeta |first29=Francis |last30=Chilufya |first30=Chitalu |last31=Mukonka |first31=Victor |last32=Agolory |first32=Simon |last33=Malama |first33=Kennedy |year=2021 |title=Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in six districts in Zambia in July, 2020: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey |volume=9 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00053-X |journal=The Lancet Global Health |issue=6 |pages=e773–e781 |pmid=33711262 |pmc=8382844 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349972689|doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Mandyata |first1=Chomba Brian |last2=Olowski |first2=Linda Kampata |last3=Mutale |first3=Wilbroad |title=Challenges of implementing the integrated disease surveillance and response strategy in Zambia: a health worker perspective |journal=BMC Public Health |date=December 2017 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=746 |doi=10.1186/s12889-017-4791-9|pmid=28950834 |pmc=5615443 |doi-access=free }} * {{Cite journal |last=Mutunda |first=Sylvester |year=2007 |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |editor1-first=Thao |editor1-last=Lê |editor2-first=Quynh |editor2-last=Lê |issn=1327-774X |title=Language Behavior in Lusaka: The Use of Nyanja Slang}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Mwape |first1=Lonia |last2=Sikwese |first2=Alice |last3=Kapungwe |first3=Augustus |last4=Mwanza |first4=Jason |last5=Flisher |first5=Alan |last6=Lund |first6=Crick |last7=Cooper |first7=Sara |title=Integrating mental health into primary health care in Zambia: a care provider's perspective |journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems |date=2010 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=21 |doi=10.1186/1752-4458-4-21|pmid=20653981 |pmc=2919445 |doi-access=free }} * {{Cite book |last=Myers |first=Garth A. |editor-last1=Loeb |editor-first1=Carolyn |editor-last2=Luescher |editor-first2=Andreas |chapter=Remaking the Edges: Surveillance and Flows in Sub-Saharan Africa's New Suburbs |title=The Design of Frontier Spaces: Control and Ambiguity |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-31703-607-4}} * {{Cite book |last1=Myers |first1=Garth A. |last2=Subulwa |first2=Angela G. |chapter=The Cityscapes of Lusaka and Mongu: Narrating National Symbolism in Zambia |editor1-last=Diener |editor1-first=Alexander C. |editor2-last=Hagen |editor2-first=Joshua |title=The City as Power: Urban Space, Place, and National Identity |url=https://archive.org/details/cityaspowerurban0000unse |year=2018 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781538118276}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ranger |first=Terence |title=Making Northern Rhodesia Imperial: Variations on a Royal Theme, 1924-1938 |journal=African Affairs |date=July 1980 |volume=79 |number=316 |pages=349–373 |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal African Society |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097229 |jstor=722045 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/722045|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Andrew D. |title=Notes towards a Financial History of Copper Mining in Northern Rhodesia |journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies |year=1982 |volume=16 |number=2 |pages=347–359 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Canadian Association of African Studies |doi=10.2307/484302 |jstor=484302 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484302|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite web |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=An Investment Guide to Zambia: Opportunities and Conditions |year=2011 |url=https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaepcb201008_en.pdf |access-date=12 July 2021}} * {{Cite journal |editor-last=Winchester |editor-first=Clarence |publisher=Amalgamated Press |url=https://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/rhodesia-railways.html |title=Progress in Rhodesia: An important railway system in the heart of Africa |journal=Railway Wonders of the World |date=2 August 1935 |volume=27 |ref={{Sfnref|Winchester|1935a}}}} * {{Cite journal |editor-last=Winchester |editor-first=Clarence |publisher=Amalgamated Press |url=https://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/rhodesia-railways.html |title=Progress in Rhodesia: An important railway system in the heart of Africa |journal=Railway Wonders of the World |date=9 August 1935 |volume=28 |ref={{Sfnref|Winchester|1935b}}}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Wragg |first1=Emma |last2=Lim |first2=Regina |year=2014 |title=Urban visions from Lusaka, Zambia |volume=46 |journal=Habitat International |pages=260–270 |doi=10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.10.005}} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Commons category|Lusaka}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Lusaka}} * [http://www.lcc.gov.zm/ Lusaka City Council] * [http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/cities/lusaka.htm Zambia Tourism page on Lusaka] {{List of African capitals}} {{Largest cities of Zambia}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Lusaka| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Populated places in Lusaka Province]] [[Category:Provincial capitals in Zambia]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1905]] [[Category:1905 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1905 establishments in the British Empire]] == Sommo Yizie == p3y0hvy9zbju15qmcpu02206b8merfh 0 5926 63672 53937 2026-08-03T18:45:05Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3909}} '''Maseru''' e la teŋkpoŋ ane kapital naŋ be a Lesotho. O meŋ eɛ kapital ko Maseru District. Naŋ be a Caledon River, Maseru a kɔgele a Lesotho–South Africa turibogi. Maseru taa la noba yagroŋ neŋ 330,760 a 2016 noba yagroŋ sɔrebo wagere. Maseru taa noba yagroŋ naŋ e 330,760 in2016 noba yagroŋ sɔrebo. Teŋɛ eɛ a police camp kyɛ pãã da la leɛ kapital o na da paale a British protectorate a 1869. A teŋɛ naŋ da nyɛ meŋɛ soobo a 1966, Maseru da naŋ eɛ kapital. A teŋɛ paaloŋ yuori da la a Sesotho yelbie muni naŋ e "''red sandstones''".<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0264-2751%2898%2900046-8</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morija</ref> == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Mejametala Airport (1981–2010) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |28.7 (83.7) |27.6 (81.7) |25.7 (78.3) |22.9 (73.2) |19.7 (67.5) |16.7 (62.1) |16.9 (62.4) |19.7 (67.5) |23.3 (73.9) |24.8 (76.6) |26.3 (79.3) |27.9 (82.2) |23.4 (74.0) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |14.8 (58.6) |14.6 (58.3) |12.5 (54.5) |8.6 (47.5) |3.7 (38.7) |0.2 (32.4) |−0.5 (31.1) |2.4 (36.3) |6.9 (44.4) |10.1 (50.2) |11.9 (53.4) |13.4 (56.1) |8.2 (46.8) |- !Average rainfall mm (inches) |121.7 (4.79) |92.1 (3.63) |86.2 (3.39) |46.9 (1.85) |26.1 (1.03) |12.1 (0.48) |5.7 (0.22) |18.2 (0.72) |16.1 (0.63) |62.2 (2.45) |73.2 (2.88) |81.0 (3.19) |641.5 (25.26) |- !Average rainy days (≥ 0.5 mm) |12 |10 |10 |7 |4 |2 |1 |2 |3 |8 |8 |10 |77 |- | colspan="14" |Source: World Meteorological Organization |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Maseru (1931–1960) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |28 (82) |27 (81) |25 (77) |21 (70) |18 (64) |15 (59) |16 (61) |19 (66) |23 (73) |24 (75) |26 (79) |28 (82) |23 (72) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |14 (57) |14 (57) |12 (54) |8 (46) |3 (37) |0 (32) |−1 (30) |2 (36) |6 (43) |9 (48) |12 (54) |13 (55) |8 (46) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |114 (4.5) |89 (3.5) |96 (3.8) |67 (2.6) |29 (1.1) |12 (0.5) |14 (0.6) |15 (0.6) |19 (0.7) |63 (2.5) |80 (3.1) |93 (3.7) |691 (27.2) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) |13 |10 |11 |8 |6 |3 |3 |3 |3 |8 |10 |10 |88 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |37 |42 |43 |42 |38 |35 |32 |27 |24 |30 |34 |35 |35 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |287 |263 |259 |241 |247 |232 |254 |279 |278 |276 |279 |307 |3,202 |- | colspan="14" |Source: Danish Meteorological Institute |} ==Twin towns – sister cities== List of [[Twin towns and sister cities|sister cities]] of Maseru, designated by [[Sister Cities International]]. *{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], United States *{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Ceuta]], Spain ==Bibliography== * {{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoftw0000unse_d2j1 |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor-link= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003 |chapter= Maseru, Lesotho }} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Portal|Africa}} {{Commons category|Maseru}} * {{Wikivoyage inline}} {{List of African capitals}} {{Camptowns of Lesotho}} {{Coord|29.31|S|27.48|E|type:city|display=title}} {{Authority control}} ==Sommo Yizie== [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Maseru| ]] [[Category:Populated places in Maseru District]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Lesotho–South Africa border crossings]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1869]] [[Category:1869 establishments in the British Empire]] [[Category:1869 establishments in Africa]] g3ofnklc3vbi4xmsj1c5ycv9xdikw9d 0 5927 63653 53940 2026-08-03T18:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3904}} '''Mbabane''' (/ˌʌmbɑːˈbɑːneɪ/) e la teŋɛ naŋ taa bammo neŋ Eswatini (ka ba da boɔle o ka Swaziland), naŋ e a capital sere ayi na kaŋa (naŋ kɔgele a Lobamba), naŋ da tona executive capital toma. == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Mbabane (1961-1990 normals, extremes 1957-1977) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |33.4 (92.1) |32.2 (90.0) |33.5 (92.3) |31.0 (87.8) |29.4 (84.9) |26.8 (80.2) |28.6 (83.5) |31.2 (88.2) |33.6 (92.5) |34.2 (93.6) |34.5 (94.1) |32.4 (90.3) |34.5 (94.1) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |24.9 (76.8) |24.5 (76.1) |24.1 (75.4) |22.6 (72.7) |21.4 (70.5) |19.3 (66.7) |19.8 (67.6) |21.3 (70.3) |23.2 (73.8) |22.8 (73.0) |22.5 (72.5) |23.7 (74.7) |22.5 (72.5) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |19.9 (67.8) |19.5 (67.1) |18.8 (65.8) |16.8 (62.2) |14.7 (58.5) |12.0 (53.6) |12.2 (54.0) |14.0 (57.2) |16.4 (61.5) |17.1 (62.8) |17.7 (63.9) |19.0 (66.2) |16.5 (61.7) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |14.9 (58.8) |14.5 (58.1) |13.4 (56.1) |11.0 (51.8) |7.9 (46.2) |4.7 (40.5) |4.6 (40.3) |6.6 (43.9) |9.5 (49.1) |11.3 (52.3) |12.9 (55.2) |14.2 (57.6) |10.5 (50.8) |- !Record low °C (°F) |8.6 (47.5) |6.4 (43.5) |6.0 (42.8) |3.4 (38.1) |−1.3 (29.7) |−4.5 (23.9) |−6.1 (21.0) |−2.5 (27.5) |−1.0 (30.2) |−1.0 (30.2) |5.5 (41.9) |6.6 (43.9) |−6.1 (21.0) |- !Average rainfall mm (inches) |253.2 (9.97) |224.6 (8.84) |151.6 (5.97) |87.9 (3.46) |33.8 (1.33) |19.4 (0.76) |20.1 (0.79) |35.1 (1.38) |69.4 (2.73) |141.9 (5.59) |197.8 (7.79) |206.9 (8.15) |1,441.7 (56.76) |- !Average rainy days |16.9 |14.3 |13.8 |9.8 |5.1 |2.8 |3.1 |6.5 |9.2 |14.9 |17.0 |16.5 |129.9 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |172.7 |162.1 |194.6 |195.2 |226.0 |233.0 |238.9 |246.3 |209.2 |178.4 |160.9 |170.1 |2,387.1 |- !Percentage possible sunshine |41 |45 |52 |57 |68 |75 |73 |72 |59 |45 |40 |40 |55 |- | colspan="14" |Source 1: WMO |- | colspan="14" |Source 2: NOAA (extremes, sunshine 1970-1975) |} ==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa#Swaziland|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Eswatini}} Mbabane is [[Sister city|twinned]] with: *{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], Texas, US<ref>http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Mbabane,%20Swaziland</ref> *{{Flagicon|ROC}} [[Taipei]], Taiwan<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121102035422/http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm</ref> *{{Flagicon|ROC}} [[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240501074316/https://aia.kcg.gov.tw/siscity-11343-sistercitytw</ref> *{{Flagicon|MAS}} [[Mersing]], Malaysia *{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Melilla]], Spain *{{Flagicon|MOZ}} [[Maputo]], Mozambique<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150512114454/http://www.mbabane.org.sz/international%20relations.htm</ref> ==Laafeeloŋ Yeltare== *[[Young Heroes (organization)]] (2006) == Nembanne mine == * [[Mark Easter]] - former rugby union footballer * [[Lindiwe Sisulu]] - South African politician * [[Richard E. Grant]] - actor * [[Matthew Parris]] - British political writer and broadcaster * [[George Getzel Cohen]] - founded Harry's Angels * [[G. W. Reynolds]] - South African optometrist and authority on the genus ''Aloe'' * [[Anna Livia (author)|Anna Livia]] - lesbian feminist author and linguist * [[Noma Dumezweni]] - South African-British actress * [[Dennis Masina]] - former footballer * [[Sibusiso Dlamini]] - footballer * [[Sibusiso Dlamini]] - Swazi princess and politician * [[Cobie Legrange]] - South African professional golfer * [[Christopher Watts]] - Anglican bishop * [[Maurice S. Parker]] - footballer * [[Ian Khama]] - fourth President of the Republic of Botswana * [[Modison Salayedvwa Magagula]] - Swazi novelist, educator, playwright, poet and short-story author * [[Ndumiso Mamba]] - former minister of justice in Swaziland * [[Yvette Christiansë]] - South African-born poet and novelist * [[Lucas Mlambo]] - Swazi painter * [[Lucas Macie]] - Mozambiquan-Swazi painter * [[Darren Christie]] - Liswati footballer * [[Chakyl Camal]] - Australian-Mozambican Entrepreneur, swimmer * [[Jani Simulambo]] - former Zambian footballer and coach * [[John Ddumba Ssentamu]] - Ugandan economist, academic and banker * [[Lisa de la Motte]] - Swazi former swimmer * [[Gcinile Moyane]] - retired Swazi sprinter * [[Jama Mahlalela]] - Swazi-Canadian basketball coach * [[John de la Hay Gordon]] - British army officer, administrator and diplomat * [[Michael S. Hoza]] - American diplomat * [[David Gresham]] - South African independent record producer, publisher, promoter, and radio and television personality * [[Cleopas Dlamini]] - prime minister of Eswatini from 2021 to 2023 * [[Nobuhle Dlamini]] - professional golfer * [[Neville Markham]] - South African cricketer * [[Veronica Sentongo]] - Ugandan telecommunications and electrical engineer * [[John Macmillan (actor)|John Macmillan]] - British actor ==Bibliography== * {{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoftw0000unse_d2j1 |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor-link= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003 |chapter= Mbabane, Swaziland }} ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline}} {{List of African capitals}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|26|19|S|31|08|E|region:SZ_type:city|display=title}} ==Sommo Yizie== [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Mbabane| ]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Populated places in Hhohho Region]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1902]] r02gibatncbsig6xk7g6v2issyg6e5h 0 5956 63667 54088 2026-08-03T18:39:41Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3674}} '''Niamey''' (French boɔloo: [njamɛ]) e la kapital ane teŋkpoŋ ko a Niger. O be la a western seŋ a teŋɛŋ, naŋ kɔgele a Tillabéri Region. Niamey peɛlɛɛ a Niger River, naŋ laŋ neŋ a baa gbɛre gɔɔ seŋ a baa zuluŋ (east seŋ). == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Niamey Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |40.7 (105.3) |44.0 (111.2) |45.0 (113.0) |46.1 (115.0) |47.0 (116.6) |44.4 (111.9) |41.0 (105.8) |39.6 (103.3) |41.8 (107.2) |41.6 (106.9) |41.8 (107.2) |40.0 (104.0) |47.0 (116.6) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |36.8 (98.2) |40.1 (104.2) |42.7 (108.9) |44.3 (111.7) |44.1 (111.4) |42.1 (107.8) |38.9 (102.0) |36.8 (98.2) |39.1 (102.4) |40.4 (104.7) |39.4 (102.9) |37.3 (99.1) |40.2 (104.3) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |24.6 (76.3) |27.8 (82.0) |31.9 (89.4) |34.7 (94.5) |34.5 (94.1) |32.2 (90.0) |29.5 (85.1) |28.1 (82.6) |29.6 (85.3) |31.5 (88.7) |29.0 (84.2) |25.5 (77.9) |29.9 (85.8) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |13.5 (56.3) |15.9 (60.6) |19.5 (67.1) |23.0 (73.4) |23.1 (73.6) |20.7 (69.3) |20.3 (68.5) |20.4 (68.7) |20.7 (69.3) |21.1 (70.0) |17.3 (63.1) |13.9 (57.0) |19.1 (66.4) |- !Record low °C (°F) |8.3 (46.9) |10.4 (50.7) |16.0 (60.8) |19.9 (67.8) |20.2 (68.4) |19.8 (67.6) |19.4 (66.9) |19.4 (66.9) |19.5 (67.1) |18.0 (64.4) |13.4 (56.1) |11.6 (52.9) |8.3 (46.9) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |0.0 (0.0) |0.3 (0.01) |0.2 (0.01) |9.8 (0.39) |25.3 (1.00) |78.6 (3.09) |145.6 (5.73) |192.6 (7.58) |85.1 (3.35) |16.7 (0.66) |0.0 (0.0) |0.0 (0.0) |554.2 (21.82) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) |0.0 |0.0 |0.1 |1.0 |2.7 |6.0 |9.7 |12.1 |6.8 |1.7 |0.0 |0.0 |40.1 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |22 |17 |18 |27 |42 |55 |67 |74 |73 |53 |34 |27 |42 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |285.0 |259.1 |263.3 |256.8 |266.8 |247.4 |245.1 |226.2 |250.1 |286.1 |293.8 |299.4 |3,179.1 |- | colspan="14" |Source 1: NOAA, Météo Climat |- | colspan="14" |Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1961–1990) |} == Demogeraafi == {| class="wikitable" |+Historical population !Year !<abbr>Pop.</abbr> !<abbr>±%</abbr> |- !1977 |242,973 |—     |- !1988 |397,437 | +63.6% |- !2001 |707,951 | +78.1% |- !2012 |1,026,848 | +45.0% |- | colspan="3" |Source: National Statistics Institute of Niger |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |'''Population pyramid''' <small>(2022)</small> |- | colspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" |% |Males |Age |Females |% |- |n/d | |85+ | |n/d |- |0.106 | |80–84 | |0.146 |- |0.199 | |75–79 | |0.245 |- |0.382 | |70–74 | |0.391 |- |0.570 | |65–69 | |0.547 |- |0.769 | |60–64 | |0.757 |- |0.943 | |55–59 | |0.982 |- |1.069 | |50–54 | |1.213 |- |1.350 | |45–49 | |1.483 |- |1.554 | |40–44 | |1.837 |- |1.920 | |35–39 | |2.216 |- |2.654 | |30–34 | |2.679 |- |0.626 | |25–29 | |0.613 |- |4.406 | |20–24 | |4.347 |- |5.526 | |15–19 | |5.465 |- |6.799 | |10–14 | |6.727 |- |8.214 | |5–9 | |8.109 |- |9.853 | |0–4 | |9.679 |} |} === Toma mine yiziiri === {{Refbegin|30em}} * <!--Abdourahamane & Garba--> {{Cite journal |last1=Garba |first1=Issa |last2=Abdourahamane |first2=Zakari Seybou |date=February 2023 |title=Extreme rainfall characterisation under climate change and rapid population growth in the city of Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Heliyon]] |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=e13326 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13326 |pmc=9900336 |pmid=36755589 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023Heliy...913326G }} * <!--Alidou--> {{Cite book |last=Alidou |first=Ousseina D. |title=Engaging Modernity |url=https://archive.org/details/engagingmodernit0000alid |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=9780299212131}} * <!--Almouctar et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Almouctar |first1=Mohamed Adou Sidi |last2=Wu |first2=Yiping |last3=Zhao |first3=Fubo |last4=Qin |first4=Caiqing |date=April 2024 |title=Drought analysis using normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature over Niamey region, the southwestern of the Niger between 2013 and 2019 |journal=[[Journal of Hydrology|Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies]] |volume=52 |article-number=101689 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101689 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024JHyRS..5201689A }} * <!--Adamou Marafa, Tankari Dan Badjo, & Abdou Gado--> {{Cite journal |last1=Adamou Marafa |first1=M. |last2=Tankari Dan Badjo |first2=A. |last3=Abdou Gado |first3=F. |date=December 2020 |title=Sources et origines de la pollution de l'eau du Fleuve Niger au niveau de la ville de Niamey |trans-title=Sources and origins of water pollution of the Niger River in the setting of the city of Niamey |journal=Revue des BioRessources |publisher=[[University of Ouargla]] |volume=10 |issue=2}} * <!--Apard--> {{Cite book|last=Apard |first=Élodie |chapter='Rapping Islam': The Nigérien music scene and the challenges of religious reformism |year=2020 |title=Transnational Islam |pages=95–116 |editor-last=Apard |editor-first=Élodie |url=http://books.openedition.org/ifra/2050 |access-date=2025-05-02 |publisher=IFRA-Nigeria |language=en |doi=10.4000/books.ifra.2050 |isbn=978-90-5448-184-3 |doi-access=free}} * <!--Bontianti et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Bontianti |first1=Abdou |last2=Hungerford |first2=Hilary |last3=Younsa |first3=Hassane H. |last4=Noma |first4=Ali |date=July 2014 |title=Fluid experiences: Comparing local adaptations to water inaccessibility in two disadvantaged neighborhoods in Niamey, Niger |journal=Habitat International |volume=43 |pages=283–292 |doi=10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.04.002}} * <!--Brinkmann et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Brinkmann |first1=Katja |last2=Schumacher |first2=Jörg |last3=Dittrich |first3=Andreas |last4=Kadaore |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Buerkert |first5=Andreas |date=30 March 2012 |title=Analysis of landscape transformation processes in and around four West African cities over the last 50 years |journal=[[Landscape and Urban Planning]] |volume=105 |issue=1–2 |pages=94–105 |doi=10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.12.003|bibcode=2012LUrbP.105...94B }} * <!--Burgess--> {{Cite journal |last=Burgess |first=Sarah |date=11 August 2016 |title=Creating the next steps to care: Maternal heath, improvisation, and Fulani women in Niamey, Niger |journal=Anthropology & Medicine |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=344–359 |doi=10.1080/13648470.2016.1209635 |issn=1364-8470 |pmid=27685674}} * <!--Cantrell et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Cantrell |first1=Randall |last2=Yaye’ |first2=Moussa |last3=Hungerford |first3=Hilary |last4=Forthun |first4=Larry |last5=Irani |first5=Tracy |last6=Cantrell |first6=Vance |date=17 May 2021 |title=Young migrants' views of their present and future in Niamey and Niger |journal=SN Social Sciences |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |volume=1 |issue=6 |article-number=134 |doi=10.1007/s43545-021-00150-5 |issn=2662-9283}} * <!--Casse et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Casse |first1=C. |last2=Gosset |first2=M. |last3=Peugeot |first3=C. |last4=Pedinotti |first4=V. |last5=Boone |first5=A. |last6=Tanimoun |first6=B.A. |last7=Decharme |first7=B. |date=15 September 2015 |title=Potential of satellite rainfall products to predict Niger River flood events in Niamey |journal=[[Atmospheric Research]] |volume=163 |pages=162–176 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.01.010|bibcode=2015AtmRe.163..162C |url=https://hal.science/hal-02267949 }}t * <!--Cooper--> {{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Barbara M. |title=Evangelical Christians in the Muslim Sahel |url=https://archive.org/details/evangelicalchris0000coop |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=9780253111920 |id={{Project MUSE|151|type=book}}}} * <!--Davis--> {{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Elizabeth A. |date=September 1999 |title=Metamorphosis in the Culture Market of Niger |journal=[[American Anthropologist]] |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=485–501 |doi=10.1525/aa.1999.101.3.485 |issn=0002-7294}} * <!--d'Herbe & Valentin--> {{Cite journal |last1=d'Herbès |first1=J.M. |last2=Valentin |first2=C. |date=February 1997 |title=Land surface conditions of the Niamey region: ecological and hydrological implications |journal=[[Journal of Hydrology]] |volume=188-189 |pages=18–42 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03153-8|bibcode=1997JHyd..188...18D }} * <!--Diallo--> {{Cite journal |last=Diallo |first=Souleymane |date=17 February 2022 |title=Exile, masculine honor, and gender relations among the Tuareg from Mali in Niamey, Niger |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00083968.2021.2017307 |journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies |language=en |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=657–676 |doi=10.1080/00083968.2021.2017307 |issn=0008-3968}} * <!--Diaz Olvera, Plat, Pochet, & Maïdadi--> {{Cite journal |last1=Diaz Olvera |first1=Lourdes |last2=Plat |first2=Didier |last3=Pochet |first3=Pascal |last4=Maïdadi |first4=Sahabana |year=2012 |title=Motorbike taxis in the "transport crisis" of West and Central African cities |journal=EchoGéo |volume=20 |doi=10.4000/echogeo.13080 |issn=1963-1197 |doi-access=free}} * <!--Diogo, Buerkert, & Schlecht--> {{Cite journal |last1=Diogo |first1=R.V.C. |last2=Buerkert |first2=A. |last3=Schlecht |first3=E. |year=2010 |title=Resource use efficiency in urban and peri-urban sheep, goat and cattle enterprises |journal=[[Animal (journal)|Animal]] |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=1725–1738 |doi=10.1017/S1751731110000790|pmid=22445127 |bibcode=2010Anim....4.1725D }} * <!--Djika et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Djika |first1=Mamane |last2=Koudokpon |first2=Charles Hornel |last3=Dougnon |first3=Victorien Tamègnon |last4=Sanoussi |first4=N'dira |last5=Alphazazi |first5=Soumana |last6=Ballé |first6=Boubacar |last7=Daouda |first7=Hassane |last8=Assogba |first8=Phénix |last9=Bankole |first9=Honoré |last10=Agbangla |first10=Clément |year=2024 |title=Epidemiology, treatment outcome and resistance profile of pulmonary tuberculosis cases at the Niamey national anti-tuberculosis center in Niger: a retrospective study |url=https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/47/214/full/ |journal=The Pan African Medical Journal |volume=47 |page=214 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2024.47.214.38442 |issn=1937-8688 |pmc=11380612 |pmid=39247768}} * <!--Djimba--> {{Cite journal |last=Djimba |first=Ali |date=June 1997 |title=Land-locked Niger and its alternative seaport accesses |journal=Geopolitics and International Boundaries |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=40–55 |doi=10.1080/13629379708407576 |issn=1362-9379}} * <!--Fuglestad--> {{Cite book |last=Fuglestad |first=Finn |author-link=Finn Fuglestad |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofniger180000fugl/page/n7/mode/2up |title=A history of Niger, 1850-1960 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1983 |isbn=9780521101394 |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]]}} * <!--Gilliard & Pédenon--> {{Cite journal |last1=Gilliard |first1=Patrick |last2=Pédenon |first2=Laurent |date=October 1996 |title=Rues de Niamey, espace et territoires de la mendicité |url=https://polaf.hypotheses.org/files/2020/05/063051.pdf |journal=[[Politique Africaine]] |publisher=[[Éditions Karthala]] |volume=63|pages=51–60 |doi=10.3406/polaf.1996.5984 }} * <!--Gecit--> {{Cite journal |last=Gecit |first=Jean |date=December 2022 |title=THE FIRST STEPS: in the Development of Solar Energy in West Africa (1960–1973) |journal=Icon |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=53–71 |issn=1361-8113}} * <!--Golden--> {{Cite book |last=Golden |first=Elizabeth |title=Earthen Architecture in Muslim Cultures |date=11 September 2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |editor-last=Pradines |editor-first=Stéphane |series=Arts and Archaeology of the Islamic World |isbn=978-90-04-35633-7 |chapter=Between Tradition and Modernity: Building with Earth in a Contemporary City}} * <!--Göpfert 2012--> {{Cite journal |last=Göpfert |first=Mirco |date=27 February 2012 |title=Security in Niamey: an anthropological perspective on policing and an act of terrorism in Niger |journal=[[The Journal of Modern African Studies]] |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=53–74 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X11000607 |issn=0022-278X}} * <!--Gosselain--> {{Cite book |last=Gosselain |first=Olivier P. |title=Knowledge in Motion: Constellations of Learning Across Time and Place |publisher=[[University of Arizona Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=9780816533749 |editor-last=Roddick |editor-first=Andrew P. |pages=36–66 |chapter=1. The World Is Like a Beanstalk: Historicizing Potting Practice and Social Relations in the Niger River Area |editor-last2=Stahl |editor-first2=Ann B. |editor-link2=Ann B. Stahl |id={{Project MUSE|1754173|type=chapter}}}} * <!--Hagberg & Körling--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hagberg |first1=Sten |last2=Körling |first2=Gabriella |date=August 2016 |title=Urban land contestations and political mobilisation: (re)sources of authority and protest in West African municipalities |journal=[[Social Anthropology (journal)|Social Anthropology]] |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=294–308 |doi=10.1111/1469-8676.12312}} * <!--Hamani--> {{Cite book |last=Hamani |first=Oumarou |title=States at Work: Dynamics of African Bureaucracies |chapter="We make do and keep going!" Inventive Practices and Ordered Informality in the Functioning of the District Courts in Niamey and Zinder (Niger) |editor-last=Bierschenk |editor-first=Thomas |editor-last2=Olivier de Sardan |editor-first2=Jean-Pierre |date=30 January 2014 |pages=145–173 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-26496-0 |doi=10.1163/9789004264960_007}} * <!--Hassane--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hassane |first1=Aïssata B. |last2=Leduc |first2=Christian |last3=Favreau |first3=Guillaume |last4=Bekins |first4=Barbara A. |last5=Margueron |first5=Thomas |date=March 2016 |title=Impacts of a large Sahelian city on groundwater hydrodynamics and quality: example of Niamey (Niger) |journal=[[Hydrogeology Journal]] |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=407–423 |doi=10.1007/s10040-015-1345-z |bibcode=2016HydJ...24..407H |issn=1431-2174}} * <!--Heywood--> {{Cite book |last=Heywood |first=Emma |title=Radio and Women's Empowerment in Francophone West Africa |date=29 December 2023 |publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]] |isbn=978-3-031-35984-2 |series=Palgrave Studies in Communication for Social Change |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-35985-9}} * <!--Hungerford--> {{Cite thesis |last=Hungerford |first=Hilary B. |title=Water, Cities, and Bodies: A Relational Understanding of Niamey, Niger |date=30 March 2012 |access-date=21 April 2025 |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/90c635f9-c2b0-4f3c-a486-3480befd8ae4/content |format=PDF}} * <!--Hungerford & Moussa--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hungerford |first1=Hilary |last2=Moussa |first2=Yayé |date=2 September 2017 |title=Seeing the (urban) forest through the trees: governance and household trees in Niamey, Niger |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19376812.2016.1226909 |journal=[[African Geographical Review]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=286–304 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2016.1226909 |bibcode=2017AfrGR..36..286H |issn=1937-6812}} * <!--Hungerford & Smiley--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hungerford |first1=Hilary |last2=Smiley |first2=Sarah L. |date=April 2016 |title=Comparing colonial water provision in British and French Africa |journal=[[Journal of Historical Geography]] |volume=52 |pages=74–83 |doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2015.12.001}} * <!--Ibrahim--> {{Cite journal |last=Ibrahim |first=Jibrin |year=1994 |title=Political Exclusion, Democratization and Dynamics of Ethnicity in Niger |journal=[[Africa Today]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=15–39 |issn=0001-9887 |jstor=4187000}} * <!--INS--> {{Cite web |date=February 2024 |title=Annuaire statistique 2018–2022 édition 2023 |trans-title=Statistical directory 2018–2022: 2023 edition |url=https://stat-niger.org/wp-content/uploads/niamey/as_niamey_2018_2022_edition_2023.pdf |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=[[Institut National de la Statistique du Niger]] |ref={{Harvid|INS|2024}}}} * <!--Kang--> {{Cite book |last=Kang |first=Alice J. |title=Bargaining for Women's Rights: Activism in an Aspiring Muslim Democracy |url=https://archive.org/details/bargainingforwom0000kang |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=9781452944265 |id={{Project MUSE|42069|type=book}}}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Idrissa |editor-first=Kimba |title=Armée et politique au Niger |publisher=[[CODESRIA]] |year=2008 |isbn=9782869783874 |trans-title=Army and politics of Niger |id={{Project MUSE|16784|type=book}}}} ** <!--Mahamane--> {{Harvc |last=Mahamane |first=Aliou |c=3: La naissance de l'armée nationale au Niger : 1961-1974 |in=Idrissa |year=2008}} ** <!--Malam Issa--> {{Harvc |last=Malam Issa |first=Mahaman |c=5: Le régime militaire de Seyni Kountché (1974–1987) |in=Idrissa |year=2008}} ** <!--Idrissa--> {{Harvc |last=Idrissa |first=Kimba |c=6: Les régimes militaires entre 1974 et 1999 au Niger |in=Idrissa |year=2008 |id="Idrissa5"}} ** <!--Zangaou--> {{Harvc |last=Zangaou |first=Moussa |c=9: Femmes en uniforme dans les secteurs militaire et para-militaire au Niger |in=Idrissa |year=2008}} * <!--Julien--> {{Cite book |editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Frédéric |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/25255 |title=La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau en Afrique subsaharienne: Paradigme occidental, pratiques africaines |trans-title=Integrated management of water resources in sub-Saharan Africa: Western paradigm, African practices |chapter=Chapitre 3 – Le bassin versant : Unité de gestion des eaux idéale pour l’Afrique subsaharienne ? |trans-chapter=Chapter 3 – The watershed: ideal water management unit for sub-Saharan Africa? |pages=77–106 |date=2012 |publisher=Presses de l'Université du Québec |isbn=978-2-7605-3450-6 |doi=10.1353/book25255 |language=fr}} * <!--Kafando--> {{Cite book |last=Kafando |first=Gilbert M. |chapter=Die katholische Kirche in Burkina Faso und im Niger. Neuere Geschichte, aktuelle Situation und Herausforderungen |trans-chapter=The Catholic Church in Burkina Faso and Niger: Recent history, current situation, and challenges |date=17 December 2020 |title=Afrika |pages=178, 189 |editor-last=Moerschbacher |editor-first=Marco |series=Kirche und Katholizismus seit 1945 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |doi=10.30965/9783657777013_013 |isbn=978-3-506-77701-0 |language=de}} * <!--Keough & Yayé Saidou--> {{Cite journal |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |last2=Yayé Saidou |first2=Hadiara |date=October 2021 |title=Water delivery and the creation of hydrosocial routes: Comparing five neighborhoods in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Geoforum]] |volume=125 |pages=96–106 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.07.006}} * <!--Keough & Youngstedt 2014--> {{Cite journal |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |last2=Youngstedt |first2=Scott M. |date=17 December 2014 |title=The Material Culture of Water: Transportation, Storage, and Consumption in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Focus on Geography]] |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=152–163 |doi=10.1111/foge.12041}} * <!--Keough & Youngstedt 2018--> {{Cite journal |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |last2=Youngstedt |first2=Scott M. |date=9 January 2018 |title='Pure water' in Niamey, Niger: the backstory of sachet water in a landscape of waste|journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=38–62 |doi=10.1017/S0001972017000560 |issn=0001-9720}} * <!--Keough & Youngstedt 2019--> {{Cite book |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |title=Water, Life, and Profit: Fluid Economies and Cultures of Niamey, Niger |last2=Youngstedt |first2=Scott M. |year=2019 |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |isbn=978-1-78920-338-7 |doi=10.1515/9781789203387}} * <!--Körling 2010--> {{Cite journal |last=Körling |first=Gabriella |date=1 December 2010 |title=The mobilization of the local in a public primary school in peri-urban Niamey, Niger |url=http://journals.openedition.org/apad/4062 |journal=Bulletin de l'APAD |issue=31–32 |pages=137–159 |doi=10.4000/apad.4062 |issn=1950-6929}} * <!--Körling 2020--> {{Cite journal |last=Körling |first=Gabriella |date=April 2020 |title=Bricks, Documents and Pipes: Material Politics and Urban Development in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[City & Society]] |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=23–46 |doi=10.1111/ciso.12240 |issn=0893-0465}} * <!--Korotayev et al--> {{Cite book |last1=Korotayev |first1=Andrey |last2=Issaev |first2=Leonid |last3=Ilyina |first3=Anna |last4=Zinkina |first4=Julia |last5=Voronina |first5=Elena |title=Terrorism and Political Contention: New Perspectives on North Africa and the Sahel Region |chapter=Revolutionary History of Niger: From Independence to 2023 Coup |date=3 April 2024 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-031-53428-7 |editor-last=Besenyő |editor-first=János |series=Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-53429-4 |editor-last2=Issaev |editor-first2=Leonid |editor-last3=Korotayev |editor-first3=Andrey}} * <!--Lasagna et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Lasagna |first1=Manuela |last2=Dino |first2=Giovanna Antonella |last3=Perotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Spadafora |first4=Francesco |last5=De Luca |first5=Domenico A. |last6=Yadji |first6=Guero |last7=Dan-Badjo |first7=Abdourahamane Tankari |last8=Moussa |first8=Issaka |last9=Harouna |first9=Moussa |last10=Konaté |first10=Moussa |date=August 2015 |title=Georesources and Environmental Problems in Niamey City (Niger): A Preliminary Sketch |journal=[[Energy Procedia]] |volume=76 |pages=67–76 |doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.848 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2015EnPro..76...67L }} * {{Cite book |title=Islamic Education in Africa |date=3 December 2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=9780253023186 |editor-last=Launay |editor-first=Robert |id={{Project MUSE|49094|type=book}}}} ** <!--Launay--> {{Harvc |last=Launay |first=Robert |c=Introduction |in=Launay |year=2016 |id="Launay_Intro"}} ** <!--Sounaye 2016--> {{Harvc |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |c=Walking to the Makaranta: Production, Circulation, and Transmission of Islamic Learning in Urban Niger |in=Launay |year=2016}} ** <!--Butler--> {{Harvc |last=Butler |first=Noah |c=Collapsed Pluralities: Islamic Education, Learning, and Creativity in Niger |in=Launay |year=2016}} * <!--Mamadou--> {{Cite journal |last=Mamadou |first=Ibrahim |date=Winter 2021 |title=Dynamiques des îles et bancs sédimentaires du fleuve Niger dans la région de Niamey au Niger |trans-title=Dynamics of islands and sedimentary banks of the Niger River in the Niamey region of Niger |journal=Cinq Continents |publisher=[[University of Bucharest]] |volume=11 |issue=24 |pages=249–264}} * <!--Mamadou et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Mamadou |first1=Ibrahim |last2=Gautier |first2=Emmanuèle |last3=Descroix |first3=Luc |last4=Noma |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Bouzou Moussa |first5=Ibrahim |last6=Faran Maiga |first6=Oumarou |last7=Genthon |first7=Pierre |last8=Amogu |first8=Okechukwu |last9=Malam Abdou |first9=Moussa |last10=Vandervaere |first10=Jean-Pierre |date=August 2015 |title=Exorheism growth as an explanation of increasing flooding in the Sahel |journal=CATENA |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=131 |pages=130–139 |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2015.03.017|bibcode=2015Caten.131..130M }} * <!--Mansour Badamassi et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Mansour Badamassi |first1=Mamane Barkawi |last2=Moussa |first2=Konate |last3=Touré |first3=Labaly |last4=Ahmed |first4=El-Aboudi |last5=Gerard |first5=Gbetkom Paul |last6=Ismaguil |first6=Hanadé Houmma |last7=Gérard |first7=Kabore |date=3 September 2023 |title=Using Multisensor Earth Observation Data to Understand the Development of the Kourtéré Kori Alluvial Fan and Its Impact on the Hydrology of the Niger River |journal=[[The Professional Geographer]] |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=715–732 |doi=10.1080/00330124.2023.2183415 |bibcode=2023ProfG..75..715M |issn=0033-0124}} * <!--Masquelier 2001--> {{Cite journal |last=Masquelier |first=Adeline |author-link=Adeline Masquelier |date=1 May 2001 |title=Behind the Dispensary's Prosperous Façade: Imagining the State in Rural Niger |journal=[[Public Culture]] |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=267–292 |doi=10.1215/08992363-13-2-267 |issn=0899-2363}} * <!--Masquelier 2002--> {{Cite journal |last=Masquelier |first=Adeline |author-link=Adeline Masquelier |date=November 2002 |title=Road Mythographies: Space, Mobility, and the Historical Imagination in Postcolonial Niger |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=829–856 |doi=10.1525/ae.2002.29.4.829 |issn=0094-0496}} * <!--Masquelier 2019--> {{Cite book |last=Masquelier |first=Adeline |author-link=Adeline Masquelier |title=Fada: Boredom and Belonging in Niger |date=2019 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-62434-1 |language=en |doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226624488.001.0001}} * <!--Mayaki et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Mayaki |first1=Z. |last2=Kabo |first2=R. |last3=Moutschen |first3=M. |last4=Albert |first4=A. |last5=Dardenne |first5=N. |last6=Sondag |first6=D. |last7=Gérard |first7=C. |date=May 2016 |title=Knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice of blood products prescribers in Niamey |journal=Transfusion Clinique et Biologique |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=78–85 |doi=10.1016/j.tracli.2015.11.007|pmid=26778838 }} * <!--Meyer--> {{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Ursula |year=2021 |title=Interweaving urban land tenure, spatial expansion and political institutions: An urban history of Niamey, Niger |journal=African Cities Journal |doi=10.34915/ACJ.V2I2.106 |doi-access=free}} * <!--Montagne & Amadou--> {{Cite journal |last1=Montagne |first1=Pierre |last2=Amadou |first2=Oumarou |date=20 June 2012 |title=Rural districts and community forest management and the fight against poverty in Niger |url=https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/1473 |journal=Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions |issue=Special Issue 6 |issn=1867-139X}} * <!--Moore & Walker--> {{Cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Adam |last2=Walker |first2=James |date=20 April 2016 |title=Tracing the US Military's Presence in Africa |journal=[[Geopolitics (journal)|Geopolitics]] |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=686–716 |doi=10.1080/14650045.2016.1160060 |issn=1465-0045}} * <!--H. Moussa--> {{Cite book |last=Moussa |first=Hadiza |title=Yearning and Refusal: An Ethnography of Female Fertility Management in Niamey, Niger |date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780197662144 |editor-last=Kang |editor-first=Alice J. |editor-last2=Cooper |editor-first2=Barbara M.}} * <!--S. Moussa et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Moussa |first1=Soulé |last2=Kuyah |first2=Shem |last3=Kyereh |first3=Boateng |last4=Tougiani |first4=Abasse |last5=Mahamane |first5=Saadou |date=17 March 2020 |title=Diversity and structure of urban forests of Sahel cities in Niger |journal=[[Urban Ecosystems]] |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=851–864 |doi=10.1007/s11252-020-00984-6 |bibcode=2020UrbEc..23..851M |issn=1083-8155}} * <!--Y. Moussa et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Moussa |first1=Yahaya Maazou |last2=Diop |first2=Ibrahima Thione |last3=Nassirou |first3=Ibrahim |last4=Nafiou |first4=Malam Maman |last5=Soulé |first5=Moussa |date=January 2024 |title=Determinants of the urban green spaces management practices in the city of Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Cities (journal)|Cities]] |volume=144 |article-number=104641 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2023.104641}} * <!--Nimis--> {{Cite book |last=Nimis |first=Érika |title=Portraiture and Photography in Africa |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=9780253008725 |editor-last=Peffer |editor-first=John |pages=102–140 |chapter=3. Yoruba Studio Photographers in Francophone West Africa |id={{Project MUSE|845044|type=chapter}} |editor-last2=Cameron |editor-first2=Elisabeth L.}} * <!--Otoo--> {{Cite journal |last1=Otoo |first1=Miriam |last2=Ibro |first2=Germaine |last3=Fulton |first3=Joan |last4=Lowenberg-Deboer |first4=James |date=4 April 2012 |title=Micro-Entrepreneurship in Niger: Factors Affecting the Success of Women Street Food Vendors |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15228916.2012.657937 |journal=[[Journal of African Business]] |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=16–28 |doi=10.1080/15228916.2012.657937 |issn=1522-8916}} * <!--Oyama--> {{Cite book |last=Oyama |first=Shuichi |title=African Potentials: Bricolage, Incompleteness and Lifeness |date=29 April 2022 |publisher=Langaa RPCIG |isbn=9789956552542 |editor-last=Ohta |editor-first=Itaru |pages=225–252 |chapter=Chapter 10. CIRCULATION. Waste Valorisation and African Potentials: The Forgotten Life of Things and Their Rebirth in Mass Consumption Capitalism |id={{Project MUSE|3158091|type=chapter}} |editor-last2=Nyamnjoh |editor-first2=Francis B. |editor-link2=Francis B. Nyamnjoh |editor-last3=Matsuda |editor-first3=Motoji}} * {{Cite book |title=Meteorology of Tropical West Africa: The Forecasters' Handbook |date=23 March 2017 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-39130-3 |editor-last=Parker |editor-first=Douglas J. |edition=1 |doi=10.1002/9781118391297 |editor-last2=Diop-Kane |editor-first2=Mariane}} ** <!--Fink--> {{Harvc |last=Fink |first=Andreas A. |c=Mean Climate and Seasonal Cycle |in1=Parker |in2=Diop-Kane |year=2017}} ** <!--Parker--> {{Harvc |last=Parker |first=Douglas J. |c=Local weather |in1=Parker |in2=Diop-Kane |year=2017}} * <!--Perotti et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Perotti |first1=Luigi |last2=Dino |first2=Giovanna Antonella |last3=Lasagna |first3=Manuela |last4=Moussa |first4=Konaté |last5=Spadafora |first5=Francesco |last6=Yadji |first6=Guero |last7=Dan-Badjo |first7=Abdourahamane Tankari |last8=De Luca |first8=Domenico A. |date=November 2016 |title=Monitoring of Urban Growth and its Related Environmental Impacts: Niamey Case Study (Niger) |journal=[[Energy Procedia]] |volume=97 |pages=37–43 |doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.014 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016EnPro..97...37P }} * <!--Pezard--> {{Cite book |last1=Pezard |first1=Stephanie |chapter=Is There a Nigerien Model of Resilience? |year=2015 |title=Achieving Peace in Northern Mali |pages=59–88 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt15zc57q.12 |series=Past Agreements, Local Conflicts, and the Prospects for a Durable Settlement |publisher=RAND Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-8823-9 |last2=Shurkin |first2=Michael|jstor=10.7249/j.ctt15zc57q.12 }} * <!--Predotova et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Predotova |first1=Martina |last2=Gebauer |first2=Jens |last3=Diogo |first3=Rodrigue V.C. |last4=Schlecht |first4=Eva |last5=Buerkert |first5=Andreas |date=4 January 2010 |title=Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from urban gardens in Niamey, Niger |journal=Field Crops Research |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.010|bibcode=2010FCrRe.115....1P }} * <!--Roberts--> {{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Pepe |chapter=‘Rural Development’ and the Rural Economy in Niger, 1900–75 |date=1981 |title=Rural Development in Tropical Africa |pages=193–221 |editor-last=Heyer |editor-first=Judith |chapter-url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-05318-6_8 |access-date=2025-04-09 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-05318-6_8 |isbn=978-1-349-05320-9 |editor2-last=Roberts |editor2-first=Pepe |editor3-last=Williams |editor3-first=Gavin}} * <!--Sauzedde et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Sauzedde |first1=Elisa |last2=Vischel |first2=Théo |last3=Panthou |first3=Gérémy |last4=Tarchiani |first4=Vieri |last5=Massazza |first5=Giovanni |last6=Housseini Ibrahim |first6=Mohamed |date=17 February 2025 |title=Compound-event analysis in non-stationary hydrological hazards: a case study of the Niger River in Niamey |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2024.2435534 |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=406–421 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2024.2435534 |bibcode=2025HydSJ..70..406S |issn=0262-6667}} * <!--Schritt--> {{Cite journal |last=Schritt |first=Jannik |date=2 July 2020 |title=Crude talking: radio and the politics of naming, blaming and claiming in oil-age Niger |journal=[[Journal of Contemporary African Studies]] |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=415–436 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2020.1800605 |issn=0258-9001}} * <!--Slobodkin--> {{Cite book |last=Slobodkin |first=Yan |title=The Starving Empire: A History of Famine in France's Colonies |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=2023 |isbn=9781501772375 |pages=125–155 |chapter=5. The Scandal of Starvation in Niger, 1931}} * <!--Smirnova--> {{Cite journal |last=Smirnova |first=Tatiana |year=2019 |title=Student activism in Niger:subverting the 'limited pluralism', 1960–83 |journal=[[Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute]] |volume=89 |issue=Supplement 2019 |pages=S167–S188 |doi=10.1017/S0001972018000967 |id={{Project MUSE|715511|type=article}}}} * <!--Sounaye 2015--> {{Cite journal |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |date=6 July 2015 |title=Irwo Sunnance yan-no! 1: Youth Claiming, Contesting and Transforming Salafism |journal=Islamic Africa |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=6 |issue=1–2 |pages=82–108 |doi=10.1163/21540993-00602006 |issn=0803-0685}} * <!--Sounaye 2017a--> {{Cite book |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |editor-last=Oinas |editor-first=Elina |url=https://brill.com/view/title/33500 |title=What Politics?: Youth and Political Engagement in Africa |editor-last2=Onodera |editor-first2=Henri |editor-last3=Suurpää |editor-first3=Leena |date=27 October 2017a |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-32244-8 |doi=10.1163/9789004356368_014}} * <!--Sounaye 2017b--> {{Cite journal |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |date=27 October 2017b |title=Salafi Aesthetics: Preaching Among the Sunnance in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Journal of Religion in Africa]] |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=9–41 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340101 |issn=0022-4200}} * {{Cite book |url=http://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/12298 |title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa |year=2017 |publisher=IRD Éditions |isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5 |editor-last=Sultan |editor-first=Benjamin |doi=10.4000/books.irdeditions.12298 |editor-last2=Lalou |editor-first2=Richard |editor-last3=Sanni |editor-first3=Mouftaou Amadou |editor-last4=Oumarou |editor-first4=Amadou |editor-last5=Arame Soumaré |editor-first5=Mame}} ** <!--Deme et al--> {{Harvc |last1=Deme |first1=Abdoulaye |last2=Gaye |first2=Amadou Thierno |last3=Hourdin |first3=Frédéric |c=Chapter 3. Climate projections in West Africa: the obvious and the uncertain |in1=Sultan |in2=Lalou |in3=Sanni |in4=Oumarou |year=2017}} ** <!--Kosmowski et al--> {{Harvc |last1=Kosmowski |first1=Frédéric |last2=Lalou |first2=Richard |last3=Sultan |first3=Benjamin |last4=Ndiaye |first4=Ousmane |last5=Muller |first5=Bertrand |last6=Galle |first6=Sylvie |last7=Seguis |first7=Luc |c=Chapter 4. Contrasting perceptions with climate change |in1=Sultan |in2=Lalou |in3=Sanni |in4=Oumarou |year=2017}} ** <!--Descroix et al--> {{Harvc |last1=Descroix |first1=Luc |last2=Mahé |first2=Gil |last3=Olivry |first3=Jean-Claude |last4=Aubergel |first4=Jean |last5=Tanimoun |first5=Bachir |last6=Amadou |first6=Ilia |last7=Coulibaly |first7=Brehima |last8=Bouzou Moussa |first8=Ibrahim |last9=Faran Maiga |first9=Oumarou |last10=Malam Abdou |first10=Moussa |last11=Souley Yéro |first11=Kadidiatou |last12=Mamadou |first12=Ibrahim |last13=Vandervaere |first13=Jean-Pierre |last14=Gautier |first14=Emmanuèle |last15=Diongue-Niang |first15=Aida |last16=Dacosta |first16=Honoré |last17=Diedhiou |first17=Arona |c=Chapter 7. Anthropic and environmental factors involved in the increase in flooding in the Sahel |in1=Sultan |in2=Lalou |in3=Sanni |in4=Oumarou |year=2017}} ** <!--Hassane--> {{Harvc |last=Hassane |first=Ramatou |c=Chapter 20. An example of adaptative strategy in the face of food insecurity |in1=Sultan |in2=Lalou |in3=Sanni |in4=Oumarou |year=2017}} * <!--Tahirou Halidou et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Tahirou Halidou |first1=Issoufou |last2=Elkholy |first2=M.H. |last3=Senjyu |first3=Tomonobu |last4=Said |first4=Taghreed |last5=Gamil |first5=Mahmoud M. |date=15 February 2025 |title=Optimal microgrid planning for electricity security in Niamey: A strategic response to sudden supply disruptions from neighboring sources |journal=[[Energy Conversion and Management]] |volume=326 |article-number=119529 |doi=10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119529}} * <!--Topkiran--> {{Cite book |last=Topkiran |first=Naima |title=Chinese and African Entrepreneurs |date=1 January 2019 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-38742-3 |editor-last=Giese |editor-first=Karsten |pages=38–63 |chapter=The Impact of Migration of the Chinese Women in Niamey on Gender and Family Relations |doi=10.1163/9789004387423_004 |editor-last2=Marfaing |editor-first2=Laurence}} * {{Cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel |date=15 October 2021 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-881695-9 |editor-last=Villalón |editor-first=Leonardo A. |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198816959.001.0001}} ** <!--McLaughlin--> {{Harvc |last=McLaughlin |first=Fiona |c=34. The Linguistic Ecology of the Sahel |in=Villalón |year=2021}} ** <!--Boyer & Lessault--> {{Harvc |last1=Boyer |first1=Florence |last2=Lessault |first2=David |c=37. Urbanization and The Dynamics of Change in the Sahel |in=Villalón |year=2021}} ** <!--Mounkaila--> {{Harvc |last1=Mounkaila |first1=Harouna |c=39. Trans-Saharan Migration Through and From the Sahel |in=Villalón |year=2021}} * <!--Weaver--> {{Cite journal |last=Weaver |first=Marcia |date=December 1995 |title=User fees and patient behaviour: evidence from Niamey National Hospital |journal=[[Health Policy and Planning]] |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=350–361 |doi=10.1093/heapol/10.4.350 |doi-access=free |pmid=10154359 |issn=0268-1080}} * <!--Youngstedt 2013--> {{Cite book |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |title=African Migrations: Patterns and Perspectives |date=20 May 2013 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=9780253005830 |pages=133–157 |id={{Project MUSE|742791|type=chapter}}}} * <!--Youngstedt 2004--> {{Cite journal |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |date=December 2004 |title=Creating Modernities through Conversation Groups: The Everyday Worlds of Hausa Migrants in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=91–118 |doi=10.1017/S0002020600030468 |issn=0002-0206}} * <!--Youngstedt 2019--> {{Cite book |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |title=Africa Every Day: Fun, Leisure, and Expressive Culture on the Continent |url=https://archive.org/details/everydaylifeonaf0000oluw |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=9780896805064 |editor-last=Balogun |editor-first=Oluwakemi M. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/everydaylifeonaf0000oluw/page/61 61]–70 |chapter=5: New Year's Eve in Niamey, Niger |id={{Project MUSE|3117025|type=chapter}} |editor-last2=Gilman |editor-first2=Lisa |editor-last3=Graboyes |editor-first3=Melissa |editor-last4=Iddrisu |editor-first4=Habib}} * <!--Youngstedt 2021--> {{Cite journal |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |date=Fall 2021 |title=Akwaku: The Itinerant Pharmaceutical Vendors of Niamey, Niger |journal=Material Culture |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=1–22 |issn=0883-3680 ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Commons category|Niamey}} *{{Wikivoyage inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070818033526/http://www.assemblee.ne/ Niger Assemblee Nationale ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818033526/http://www.assemblee.ne/ |date=18 August 2007 }} official website {{Niamey}} {{Regions and departments of Niger}} {{Communes of Niger}} {{List of African capitals}} {{Niger River}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Niamey| ]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Populated places in Niger]] [[Category:Communities on the Niger River]] [[Category:Capital districts and territories]] [[Category:Regions of Niger]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 2nd millennium]] ilqkwnn097d6jnndvgv6fxqbnsdxea6 0 6014 63677 54750 2026-08-03T18:47:26Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q46360}} '''Kuri''' e la mɔduŋo kaŋa naŋ maŋ toɔ kpɛ koɔ poɔ aneŋ gbaŋgbale, Kuri maŋ taa la pɛge naŋ maŋ e kpeɛŋaa ka o maŋ pɔge o eŋa zaa, kuri taa la gbɛ̃ɛ̃ anaare, kuri e la nɛne ako noba mine kyɛ ka o e noba mine meŋ yaabaa. [[Duoro kɔre:Radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) Tsimanampetsotsa.jpg|thumb]] Gbɛɛ yaga o kpԑzi-gyamaa la koɔŋ. O eɛ mɔdoŋaa nang taa gbɛɛ anaare, a taa pɛgere kaŋa nang pili pɔge a o eŋganne zaa. Noba ba nang na dang ɔɔ o nɛne kaa, yeli ka ka foo nang doge o nɛne, fo ba mang eŋ koɔŋ bonso o nɛne nang taa koɔŋ̍. Ba meng la yeli ka, ka o nɛne mang noma la yaga ka foo sereng doge o soŋ̍. == Taxonomy == A species taa la yelyuuri neng Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2021)<ref>https://dx.doi.org/10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021</ref> ane a Turtle Extinctions Working Group (2015).<ref>https://doi.org/10.3854%2Fcrm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015</ref> '''Family Testudinidae''' Batsch 1788<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Batsch</ref> * <abbr>†</abbr>'''''Alatochelon''''' ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Alatochelon myrteum'' * '''''Aldabrachelys''''' Loveridge and Williams 1957:166<ref>http://biostor.org/reference/871</ref> ** ''Aldabrachelys gigantea'' Aldabra giant tortoise. *** ''A. g. gigantea'' Aldabra tortoise. *** ''A. g. arnoldi'' Arnold’s giant tortoise. *** ''A. g. daudinii'' Daudin’s giant tortoise. *** ''A. g. hololissa'' Domed Seychelles giant tortoise. ** †''Aldabrachelys abrupta'' Late Holocene, extinct ''circa'' 1200 AD ** †''Aldabrachelys grandidieri'' Late Holocene, extinct ''circa'' 884 AD * '''''Astrochelys''''' Gray, 1873:4<ref>http://biostor.org/reference/59893</ref> ** ''Astrochelys radiata'', radiated tortoise ** [[Duoro kɔre:African Spur Thigh Tortoise.JPG|thumb]]''Astrochelys yniphora'', angonoka tortoise, (Madagascan) plowshare tortoise * '''''Centrochelys''''' Gray 1872:5<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise#cite_note-gray1872-34</ref> ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys atlantica'' ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys burchardi'' Tenerife giant tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys marocana'' ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys robusta'' Maltese giant tortoise ** ''Centrochelys sulcata'', African spurred tortoise, sulcata tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys vulcanica'' Gran Canaria giant tortoise * '''''Chelonoidis''''' Fitzinger 1835:112<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise#cite_note-fits1835-35</ref> ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis alburyorum'' Abaco tortoise, Late Pleistocene, extinct ''c.'' 1400 CE ** ''Chelonoidis carbonarius'', red-footed tortoise ** [[Duoro kɔre:Tortoise portrait.JPG|thumb]]''Chelonoidis chilensis'', Chaco tortoise, Argentine tortoise or southern wood tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis cubensis'' Cuban giant tortoise<ref>https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=374950</ref> ** ''Chelonoidis denticulatus'' Brazilian giant tortoise, yellow-footed tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''C. dominicensis'' Dominican giant tortoise<ref>http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Testudinidae&submit=Search</ref> ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis lutzae'' Lutz's giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis monensis'' Mona tortoise ** ''Chelonoidis niger'' Galapagos giant tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis sellovii'' Southern Cone giant tortoise, Pleistocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis sombrerensis'' Sombrero giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene * '''''Chersina''''' Gray 1830:5 ** [[Duoro kɔre:Tortoise 6.jpg|thumb]]''Chersina angulata'', angulated tortoise, South African bowsprit tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Cheirogaster''''' Bergounioux 1935:78 ** †''Cheirogaster gymnesica'' Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene ** †''Cheirogaster schafferi'' Pliocene to Early Pleistocene * '''''Chersobius''''' Fitzinger, 1835 ** ''Chersobius boulengeri'', Karoo padloper, Karoo dwarf tortoise, Boulenger's Cape tortoise ** ''Chersobius signatus'', speckled padloper tortoise ** ''Chersobius solus'', Nama padloper, Berger's Cape tortoise * †'''''Cylindraspis''''' Fitzinger 1835:112 (all species extinct) following Austin and Arnold, 2001: ** †''Cylindraspis indica'', synonym ''Cylindraspis borbonica'', Reunion giant tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis inepta'', saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant domed tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis peltastes'', domed Rodrigues giant tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis triserrata'', domed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant flat-shelled tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis vosmaeri'', saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Ergilemys''''' Ckhikvadze, 1984 ** ''Ergilemys bruneti'' ** ''Ergilemys insolitus'' ** ''Ergilemys saikanensis'' * '''''Geochelone''''' Fitzinger 1835:112 ** ''Geochelone elegans'', Indian star tortoise ** ''Geochelone platynota'', Burmese star tortoise * '''''Gopherus''''' Rafinesque 1832:64 ** ''Gopherus agassizii'', Mojave desert tortoise, Agassiz's desert tortoise ** ''Gopherus berlandieri'', Texas tortoise, Berlandier's tortoise ** ''Gopherus flavomarginatus'', Bolson tortoise ** ''Gopherus morafkai'', Sonoran desert tortoise, Morafka's desert tortoise ** ''Gopherus polyphemus'', gopher tortoise ** ''Gopherus evgoodei'', Sinaloan desert tortoise, Goode's thornscrub tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Hadrianus''''' ** ''Hadrianus corsoni'' (syn. ''H. octonarius'') ** ''Hadrianus robustus'' ** ''Hadrianus schucherti'' ** ''Hadrianus utahensis'' * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Hesperotestudo''''' ** ''Hesperotestudo alleni'' ** ''Hesperotestudo angusticeps'' ** ''Hesperotestudo brontops'' ** ''Hesperotestudo equicomes'' ** ''Hesperotestudo impensa'' ** ''Hesperotestudo incisa'' ** ''Hesperotestudo johnstoni'' ** ''Hesperotestudo kalganensis'' ** ''Hesperotestudo niobrarensis'' ** ''Hesperotestudo orthopygia'' ** ''Hesperotestudo osborniana'' ** ''Hesperotestudo percrassa'' ** ''Hesperotestudo riggsi'' ** ''Hesperotestudo tumidus'' ** ''Hesperotestudo turgida'' ** ''Hesperotestudo wilsoni'' * '''''Homopus''''' Duméril and Bibron 1834:357 ** ''Homopus areolatus'', common padloper, parrot-beaked tortoise, beaked Cape tortoise ** ''Homopus femoralis'', greater padloper, greater dwarf tortoise * '''''Indotestudo''''' Lindholm, 1929 ** ''Indotestudo elongata'', elongated tortoise, yellow-headed tortoise ** ''Indotestudo forstenii'', Forsten's tortoise, East Indian tortoise ** ''Indotestudo travancorica'', Travancore tortoise * '''''Kinixys''''' ** ''Kinixys belliana'', Bell's hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys erosa'', forest hinge-back tortoise, serrated hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys homeana'', Home's hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys lobatsiana'', Lobatse hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys natalensis'', Natal hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys spekii'', Speke's hinge-back tortoise * '''''Malacochersus''''' Lindholm 1929:285 ** ''Malacochersus tornieri'', pancake tortoise * '''''Manouria''''' Gray 1854:133 ** ''Manouria emys'', Asian giant tortoise, brown tortoise (mountain tortoise) ** ''Manouria impressa'', impressed tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Megalochelys''''' Falconer, H. and Cautley, P.T. 1837. ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Megalochelys atlas'', Atlas tortoise, Extinct – Pliocene to Pleistocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Megalochelys cautleyi'', Cautley's giant tortoise * '''''Psammobates''''' Fitzinger 1835:113 ** ''Psammobates geometricus'', geometric tortoise ** ''Psammobates oculifer'', serrated tent tortoise, Kalahari tent tortoise ** ''Psammobates tentorius'', African tent tortoise * '''''Pyxis''''' Bell 1827:395 ** ''Pyxis arachnoides'', (Madagascan) spider tortoise ** ''Pyxis planicauda'', flat-backed spider tortoise, (Madagascan) flat-tailed tortoise, flat-tailed spider tortoise * '''''Stigmochelys''''' Gray, 1873 ** ''Stigmochelys pardalis'', leopard tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Stylemys''''' ** ''Stylemys botti'' ** ''Stylemys calaverensis'' ** ''Stylemys canetotiana'' ** ''Stylemys capax'' ** ''Stylemys conspecta'' ** ''Stylemys copei'' ** ''Stylemys emiliae'' ** ''Stylemys frizaciana'' ** ''Stylemys karakolensis'' ** ''Stylemys nebrascensis'' (syn. ''S. amphithorax'') ** ''Stylemys neglectus'' ** ''Stylemys oregonensis'' ** ''Stylemys pygmea'' ** ''Stylemys uintensis'' ** ''Stylemys undabuna'' * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Titanochelon''''' ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon gymnesica'' <small>(Bate, 1914)</small> Balearic Islands, Pliocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Titanochelon bolivari'' <small>(Hernandez-Pacheco, 1917)</small> (type) Iberian Peninsula, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Titanochelon bacharidisi'' <small>(Vlachos et al., 2014)</small> Greece, Bulgaria, Late Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Titanochelon perpiniana'' <small>(Deperet 1885)</small> France, Pliocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon schafferi'' <small>(Szalai, 1931)</small> Samos, Greece, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon vitodurana'' <small>(Biedermann 1862)</small> Switzerland, Early Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon kayadibiensis'' <small>Karl, Staesche & Safi, 2021,</small> Anatolia, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon eurysternum'' <small>(Gervais, 1848–1852)</small> France, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon ginsburgi'' <small>(de Broin, 1977</small> ) France, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon leberonensis'' <small>(Depéret, 1890)</small> France, Miocene * '''''Testudo''''' ** ''Testudo graeca'', Greek tortoise, spur-thighed tortoise, Moorish tortoise ** ''Testudo hermanni'', Hermann's tortoise ** ''Testudo horsfieldii'', Russian tortoise ** ''Testudo kleinmanni'', Egyptian tortoise, including Negev tortoise ** ''Testudo marginata'', marginated tortoise ==Enfuomo== <gallery perrow="5"> File:Tortoise-Hatchling.jpg|Baby ''[[Marginated tortoise|Testudo marginata]]'' emerges from its egg File:Baby tortoise.jpg|Baby tortoise, less than a day old File:Tortoise closeup.jpg|Young, 20-year-old [[Tanzania]]n [[leopard tortoise]] feeding on grass File:Aldabra.giant.tortoise.arp.jpg|Aldabra giant tortoise, ''[[Aldabrachelys gigantea|Geochelone gigantea]]'' File:Leopards tortoise.jpg|22-year-old [[leopard tortoise]] File:Geochelone sulcata -Oakland Zoo -feeding-8a.jpg|African spurred tortoise from the [[Oakland Zoo]] File:Tortoise mating.jpg|Pair of [[African spurred tortoise]]s mate in a zoo File:TurtleRideIfrog.jpg|Boy rides a tortoise at a zoo File:Small tortoises mating.webm|Video of tortoises mating File:Young Hermann's Tortoise.jpg|Young ''[[Testudo hermanni]]'' </gallery> == Phylogeny == A molecular phylogeny ko a Kuri, yele nang tuuro Le et al. (2006: 525): {| class="wikitable" |Testudinidae | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Ergilemys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Manouria'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Gopherus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Indotestudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Testudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Malacochersus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Centrochelys sulcata'' |- | |- |''Geochelone'' | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Geochelone platynota'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Geochelone elegans'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Chersina'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Homopus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Stigmochelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Psammobates'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Aldabrachelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Pyxis'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Astrochelys radiata'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Astrochelys yniphora'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Kinixys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Chelonoidis'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} A separate phylogeny neng mtDNA yelpeԑre mine nang da yi kyaare Kehlmaier ''et al.'' (2021): {| class="wikitable" |Testudinidae | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Manouria'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Gopherus'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Testudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Indotestudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Agrionemys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Malacochersus'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |<abbr>†</abbr>''Cylindraspis'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Chersina'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Chersobius'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Homopus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Psammobates'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Stigmochelys'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Aldabrachelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Pyxis'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Astrochelys'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Kinixys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Centrochelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Geochelone'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Chelonoidis'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} A 2023 Kehlmaier meng da la nyԑ la yelpeԑre mine yi phylogeny te ko a 2021 one, nang da la ta wagre mine kyaare evolutionary distinctiveness ko a extinct ''Cylindraspis'', kyɛ da la ta wagre mine a leԑ a ''Gopherus'' ane ''Manouria'', nang vɛŋ ''Gopherus'' ko a basal genus. ==Nimitoore kannoo== * {{cite book|title=A Sheltered Life: The Unexpected History of the Giant Tortoise|url=https://archive.org/details/shelteredlifeune0000cham|last=Chambers|first=Paul|year=2004|publisher=John Murray|location=London|isbn=978-0-7195-6528-1}} * {{cite book|title=Turtles of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/turtlesofworld00erns|url-access=registration|last1=Ernst|first1=C. H.|last2=Barbour|first2=R. W.|year=1989|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780874744149}} * {{cite book|title=Giant Tortoises of the Indian Ocean|last=Gerlach|first=Justin|year=2004|publisher=Chimiara|location=Frankfurt}} * {{cite journal|date=February 2002|title=Phylogenetic Relationships among the Species of the Genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Gene Sequences|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=22|issue=2|pages=174–183|doi=10.1006/mpev.2001.1052|pmid=11820839|issn=1055-7903|author1=Antoinette C. van der Kuyl|author2=Donato L. Ph. Ballasina|author3=John T. Dekker|author4=Jolanda Maas|author5=Ronald E. Willemsen|author6=Jaap Goudsmit}} ==Ziiri mine lingkiri== {{Commons|Testudinidae}} {{Wikispecies|Testudinidae}} * [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Testudinidae&submit=Search Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)], The Reptiles Database * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020111174914/http://www.chelonia.org/ Chelonia]}}: Conservation and care of turtles. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181104023757/http://tortoisestream.com/ Live Tortoise Stream ]: Live Tortoise Stream ==Sommo Yizie== [[Category:Tortoises| ]] [[Category:Testudinidae| ]] 5h8eikrfso8uz5uxhrrqondyzrcyozm 0 6265 63661 55893 2026-08-03T18:30:39Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q708823}}'''Brittle''' eɛ a parɛɛ kaŋa kyaare a confection nang taa flat broken pieces ko hard sugar candy nang taa nuts teseng a pecans, almonds, bee peanuts, nang maale e ŋmaa te gaale a 1 cm tegrong. == Parɛɛ == O taa la tɛɛtɛɛloŋ gyamaa nang be a tendaa zaa, teseng a: * ''[[pasteli]]'' in [[Greece]] * [[Sohan (confectionery)|sohan]] in [[Iran]]<ref>{{Cite book |author=Dinah Corley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PnBhZttHWdUC&q=pasteli+in+Greece&pg=PA251 |title=Gourmet Gifts: 100 Delicious Recipes for Every Occasion to Make Yourself & Wrap with Style |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2011 |isbn=978-1558324350 |page=251}}</ref> * ''croquant''<ref>{{Cite book |author=Lisa Abend |title=The Sorcerer's Apprentices: A Season in the Kitchen at Ferran Adrià's elBulli |url=https://archive.org/details/sorcerersapprent0000aben_w5u6 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2011 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sorcerersapprent0000aben_w5u6/page/82 82]}}</ref> or ''nougatine'' in [[France]] * ''croccante'' in [[Italy]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=Holiday Sweets: We Love Croccante (And So Will You)|url=https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/italian-food/how-to-cook/holidays-what-croccante-almond-brittle|access-date=2024-06-13|website=La Cucina Italiana|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''krokant'' in [[Croatia]] and [[Germany]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Slatko i dekorativno: Pripremi najbolji krokant od badema|url=https://gastro.24sata.hr/spajza/slatko-i-dekorativno-pripremi-najbolji-krokant-od-badema-27676|access-date=2024-06-13|website=gastro.24sata.hr|language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mein-macaron.de/recipe/haselnusskrokant/|title=Haselnusskrokant}}</ref> * ''[[Alegría (Mexican candy)|alegría]]'' or ''palanqueta'' in [[Mexico]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deliciasprehispanicas.com/2015/12/21/el-origen-de-la-palabra-palanqueta-y-la-fiesta-del-maiz/|date=December 21, 2015|title=El origen de la palabra Palanqueta y La Fiesta del Maíz}}</ref> * [[pé-de-moleque]] in [[Brazil]] * ''[[panocha mani]]'', ''panutsa mani'', or ''samani'' in the [[Philippines]] (which can also be made with [[pili nut]])<ref name="Polistico">{{Cite book |last1=Polistico |first1=Edgie |title=Philippine Food, Cooking, & Dining Dictionary |date=2017 |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc. |isbn=9786214200870}}</ref> * ''[[gozinaki]]'' in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] * [[Gajak|''gachak'']] in Indian [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[chikki]] in other parts of [[India]] * [[Chikki|''kotkoti'']] in [[Bangladesh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://weloveourbangladesh.blogspot.com/2011/01/peanut-or-cheena-badam-is-popular.html|date=January 11, 2011|title=Peanut or Cheena Badam is popular outdoor leisure snack food in Bangladesh}}</ref> * ''[[gajak]]'' in [[Pakistan]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} * ''huasheng tang'' (花生糖) in [[China]] * ''thua tat'' (ถั่วตัด) in [[Thailand]] * ''kẹo lạc, kẹo hạt điều'' in [[Vietnam]]. * ''[[Praline (nut confection)|praline]]'' in [[Louisiana]], traditionally made with pecans. Ka foo kaa a [[Middle East]], brittle taa la maaloo neng [[Pistachio|pistachios]],<ref>{{Cite book |author=Joel Denker |url=https://archive.org/details/worldonplatetour0000denk |title=The World on a Plate: A Tour Through the History of America's Ethnic Cuisine |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0803260146 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldonplatetour0000denk/page/33 33] |quote=brittle pistachios middle east. |access-date=April 11, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref> kyɛ gyamaa zie a Asian paalong poɔ mang tonang neng [[Sesame seed|sesame seeds]] ane peanuts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/bangkok/play/goddesses-and-peanut-brittle-year-celebrate-songkran-supernatural-style-514411|date=April 12, 2011|access-date=April 11, 2013|title=Goddesses and peanut brittle: This year, celebrate Songkran in supernatural style|author=Leela Punyaratabandhu|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Peanut brittle maale eɛ brittle recipe nang maale taa bammo ko [[United States]].<ref>Chu, Anita. ''Field Guide to Candy: How to Identify and Make Virtually Every Candy Imaginable''. Philadelphia: Quirk, 2009.</ref> A yelbiri "brittle" nang be bondiiri poɔ da taa la eebo nang da be a print a1892, kyɛ ka a candy meŋɛ nang da maale be koɔre yuomo gyamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|work=[[The Food Timeline]]|first=Lynne|last=Olver|author-link=Lynne Olver|title=Brittle|url=http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodcandy.html#brittle}}</ref> == Meng kaa kyɛ nyɛ == {{Portal|Food}}{{Div col|colwidth=25em}} * [[Almond Roca]] * [[Caramel]] * [[Churchkhela]] * [[Florentine biscuit]] * [[Frankfurter Kranz]] * [[Dalgona]] * [[Ka'í Ladrillo]] * [[List of peanut dishes]] * [[Nougat]] * [[Praline (nut confection)|Praliné]] * [[Rempeyek]] * [[Toffee]] * [[Turrón]] (in Spain) {{Div col end}} == Sommo Yizie == 95scbcskdnzpnw9mrql2zrl5j8wcach 0 6648 63658 58470 2026-08-03T18:28:08Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q2905079}} {{Short description|Evil eye in Ethiopian and Eritrean folklore}} [[Duoro_kɔre:Hyena_bestiary.jpg|right|thumb|A hyena, as depicted in the Aberdeen Bestiary]] '''Buda''', naŋ be [[Ethiopian]] ane [[Eritrea|Eritrean]] folk religion, e la a faŋa kyaare evil eye ane a teɛroo ka ba leɛre eŋ a hyena. Buda e la a faŋa naŋ taa soobo kyaare a social kpaaroŋ, teseŋ, te paale [[Beta Israel]] bee [[metalworkers]].<ref name="finneran">{{Cite journal|last=Finneran|first=Niall|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_3_114/ai_n6118470/|title=Ethiopian Evil Eye Belief and the Magical Symbolism of Iron Working|journal=Folklore|volume=114|date=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712022240/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_3_114/ai_n6118470/|archive-date=12 July 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="wagaw">Wagaw, Teshome G. ''For Our Soul: Ethiopian Jews in Israel''. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press, 1993.</ref>{{Rp|20–21}} A sagedeebo meŋ bebe ko a [[Sudan]], [[Tanzania]], ane a [[Berbers]] naŋ be Morocco.<ref name="woodward">{{cite book |author=Woodward, Ian |title=The Werewolf Delusion |url=https://archive.org/details/werewolfdelusion0000wood |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-448-23170-9 |page=256}}</ref> Sagedeebo kyaare a evil eye, bee buda, taa la yɛroŋ ko a Ethiopia.<ref name="turner">Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices". ''[http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.html A Country Study: Ethiopia]''. Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds. Washington: Library of Congress Federal Research Division, 1991.</ref> A Beta Israel, bee Ethiopian Jews, taa la yelsoore naŋ laŋ neŋ buda.<ref name="wagaw" />{{Rp|20–21}} A castes mine, teseŋ ironworkers, taa la mannewulluu yeltare naŋ kyaare a buda.,<ref name="finneran" /> A Amharic yelbiri kyaare toma, ''tabib'', meŋ maŋ taa la eebo kyaare denote "kaŋa naŋ kyaare evil eye."<ref name="beckwith">Beckwith, Carol, Angela Fisher, and Graham Hancock. ''African Ark''. New York: Henry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990.</ref>{{Rp|49}} A alleged evil power ko a tabib taa la sagedeeebo kyaare neŋ a witches ana ba naŋ boɔrɔ.<ref name="finneran" /> == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == {{Portal|Algeria}} * Zār * Superstition in Ethiopia == Sommo Yizie == {{Reflist}} == Nimitɔɔre Kannoo == * Hagar Salamon, ''The hyena people: Ethiopian Jews in Christian Ethiopia'', University of California Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-520-21901-5}}. * Reminick, Ronald A. 1974. The evil eye belief among the Amhara of Ethiopia. ''Ethnology'' 13:279-291. * Reminick, Ronald A. 1976. The evil eye belief among the Amhara of Ethiopia. ''The Evil Eye'', Clarence Maloney, ed., pp 85–101. New York: Columbia University Press. * Vecchiato, Norberto. 1994. Evil Eye, Health Beliefs, and Social Tensions among the Sidama. In ''New Trends in Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies'', Harold Marcus, ed., vol 2, 1033–1043. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. {{Superstitions}} eenpjruk7g77n0yb527pbfhwikzj5qn 0 6773 63684 63603 2026-08-04T06:20:50Z Vision L1 19 63684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q16240676}} A '''Accra Institute of Technology (AIT)''', e la independent tԑkenologyi yelnimizeɛ na maale pukyaare peԑroo yeltare nang be a Accra, Ghana. A university taa la sakue ayoɔbo ane institutes sere ata. AIT meŋ sereŋ eɛ peԑroo yuniveniti kpoŋ kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana a taa PhD zannoo dɔllɔ naŋ pare 250. == Accreditation == Ka a National accreditation Board naŋ be (Ghana) sage de o pale a yunivantiri poɔ, ka a minister naŋ kaara a te gane zannoo yɛlɛ a Ghana poɔ yuo sori ko a sakubiiri ka ba maŋ zanne ka ba erɛ Yunivaniti gane zanne yɛlɛ. A sakuuri gane zanne maŋ piili ne la zannoo zie dɛndɛŋe ka a na mine la engineering, kompiita science duoro terebo yɛŋ ane da di yɛlɛ. == Collaborations, affiliations, and partnerships == === Academic === * Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) * Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA * Open University Malaysia * AIT Learning Management System forming part of LEMSAS ka noba gyamaa boɔlo LeMASS –a saseɛ duŋ wullu ane wederebɛ yɛlɛ zannoo * MIT OpenCourseware system – provide access to lecture notes, handouts and other learning resources of 1800 courses offered at MIT OpenCourseWare * Open University Malaysia (OUM) Learning Management System – myLMS hosting learning materials and resources to be accessed by AIT students registered on the OUM programs and * AIT-Online – E-University learning support resources === Industrial === * Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana * Ministry of Communications, Ghana * Office of the Head of the Civil Service, Ghana * The Ghana Civil Aviation Authority * OMATEK Computers (Nigeria) o93v3zt7ty44gvee4s414x9prz47bo1 63685 63684 2026-08-04T06:28:24Z Vision L1 19 63685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q16240676}} A '''Accra Institute of Technology (AIT)''',<ref>[https://www.ait.edu.gh/ "Home | Accra Institute of Technology".] www.ait.edu.gh. Retrieved 2021-06-05.</ref> e la independent tԑkenologyi yelnimizeɛ na maale pukyaare peԑroo yeltare nang be a Accra, Ghana. A university taa la sakue ayoɔbo ane institutes sere ata. AIT meŋ sereŋ eɛ peԑroo yuniveniti kpoŋ kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana a taa PhD zannoo dɔllɔ naŋ pare 250. == Accreditation == Ka a National accreditation Board naŋ be (Ghana) sage de o pale a yunivantiri poɔ, ka a minister naŋ kaara a te gane zannoo yɛlɛ a Ghana poɔ yuo sori ko a sakubiiri ka ba maŋ zanne ka ba erɛ Yunivaniti gane zanne yɛlɛ. A sakuuri gane zanne maŋ piili ne la zannoo zie dɛndɛŋe ka a na mine la engineering, kompiita science duoro terebo yɛŋ ane da di yɛlɛ. == Collaborations, affiliations, and partnerships == === Academic === * Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) * Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA * Open University Malaysia * AIT Learning Management System forming part of LEMSAS ka noba gyamaa boɔlo LeMASS –a saseɛ duŋ wullu ane wederebɛ yɛlɛ zannoo * MIT OpenCourseware system – provide access to lecture notes, handouts and other learning resources of 1800 courses offered at MIT OpenCourseWare * Open University Malaysia (OUM) Learning Management System – myLMS hosting learning materials and resources to be accessed by AIT students registered on the OUM programs and * AIT-Online – E-University learning support resources === Industrial === * Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana * Ministry of Communications, Ghana * Office of the Head of the Civil Service, Ghana * The Ghana Civil Aviation Authority * OMATEK Computers (Nigeria) == Sommo Yizie == 1y5d8eopu7186bai628onm4ykxf9xc6 63686 63685 2026-08-04T06:32:49Z Vision L1 19 63686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q16240676}} A '''Accra Institute of Technology (AIT)''',<ref>[https://www.ait.edu.gh/ "Home | Accra Institute of Technology".] www.ait.edu.gh. Retrieved 2021-06-05.</ref> e la independent tԑkenologyi yelnimizeɛ na maale pukyaare peԑroo yeltare nang be a Accra, Ghana. A university taa la sakue ayoɔbo ane institutes sere ata. AIT meŋ sereŋ eɛ peԑroo yuniveniti kpoŋ kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana a taa PhD zannoo dɔllɔ naŋ pare 250.<ref>[https://www.classfmonline.com/news/education/AIT-graduates-5-PhDs-17-PhD-candidates-13-Master-s-116-Bachelor-s-29533 "AIT graduates 5 PhDs, 17 PhD candidates, 13 Master's, 116 Bachelor's"]. www.classfmonline.com. 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2022-09-02.</ref><ref>Okeowo, Yinka (2021-09-03). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220930145818/https://techeconomy.ng/2021/09/accra-institute-of-technology-ait-graduates-eighth-batch-of-phds/ "Accra Institute of Technology (AIT) graduates eighth batch of PhDs"]. TechEconomy.ng. Archived from [https://techeconomy.ng/2021/09/accra-institute-of-technology-ait-graduates-eighth-batch-of-phds/ the original] on 2022-09-30. Retrieved 2022-09-02.</ref> == Accreditation == Ka a National accreditation Board naŋ be (Ghana) sage de o pale a yunivantiri poɔ, ka a minister naŋ kaara a te gane zannoo yɛlɛ a Ghana poɔ yuo sori ko a sakubiiri ka ba maŋ zanne ka ba erɛ Yunivaniti gane zanne yɛlɛ. A sakuuri gane zanne maŋ piili ne la zannoo zie dɛndɛŋe ka a na mine la engineering, kompiita science duoro terebo yɛŋ ane da di yɛlɛ. == Collaborations, affiliations, and partnerships == === Academic === * Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) * Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA * Open University Malaysia * AIT Learning Management System forming part of LEMSAS ka noba gyamaa boɔlo LeMASS –a saseɛ duŋ wullu ane wederebɛ yɛlɛ zannoo * MIT OpenCourseware system – provide access to lecture notes, handouts and other learning resources of 1800 courses offered at MIT OpenCourseWare * Open University Malaysia (OUM) Learning Management System – myLMS hosting learning materials and resources to be accessed by AIT students registered on the OUM programs and * AIT-Online – E-University learning support resources === Industrial === * Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana * Ministry of Communications, Ghana * Office of the Head of the Civil Service, Ghana * The Ghana Civil Aviation Authority * OMATEK Computers (Nigeria) == Sommo Yizie == 10mt9km2j3y14kwal7hpodq9s8zqmqz 63687 63686 2026-08-04T06:38:29Z Vision L1 19 63687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q16240676}} A '''Accra Institute of Technology (AIT)''',<ref name=":0">[https://www.ait.edu.gh/ "Home | Accra Institute of Technology".] www.ait.edu.gh. Retrieved 2021-06-05.</ref> e la independent tԑkenologyi yelnimizeɛ na maale pukyaare peԑroo yeltare nang be a Accra, Ghana. A university taa la sakue ayoɔbo ane institutes sere ata. AIT meŋ sereŋ eɛ peԑroo yuniveniti kpoŋ kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana a taa PhD zannoo dɔllɔ naŋ pare 250.<ref>[https://www.classfmonline.com/news/education/AIT-graduates-5-PhDs-17-PhD-candidates-13-Master-s-116-Bachelor-s-29533 "AIT graduates 5 PhDs, 17 PhD candidates, 13 Master's, 116 Bachelor's"]. www.classfmonline.com. 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2022-09-02.</ref><ref>Okeowo, Yinka (2021-09-03). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220930145818/https://techeconomy.ng/2021/09/accra-institute-of-technology-ait-graduates-eighth-batch-of-phds/ "Accra Institute of Technology (AIT) graduates eighth batch of PhDs"]. TechEconomy.ng. Archived from [https://techeconomy.ng/2021/09/accra-institute-of-technology-ait-graduates-eighth-batch-of-phds/ the original] on 2022-09-30. Retrieved 2022-09-02.</ref> == Accreditation == Ka a National accreditation Board naŋ be (Ghana) sage de AIT.<ref name=":0" /> pale a yunivantiri poɔ, ka a minister naŋ kaara a te gane zannoo yɛlɛ a Ghana<ref>[https://moe.gov.gh/ "Ministry of Education – Changing Ghana Through Education".] Retrieved 2021-06-05.</ref> poɔ yuo sori ko a sakubiiri ka ba maŋ zanne ka ba erɛ Yunivaniti gane zanne yɛlɛ. A sakuuri gane zanne maŋ piili ne la zannoo zie dɛndɛŋe ka a na mine la engineering, kompiita science duoro terebo yɛŋ ane da di yɛlɛ. == Collaborations, affiliations, and partnerships == === Academic === * Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) * Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA * Open University Malaysia * AIT Learning Management System forming part of LEMSAS ka noba gyamaa boɔlo LeMASS –a saseɛ duŋ wullu ane wederebɛ yɛlɛ zannoo * MIT OpenCourseware system – provide access to lecture notes, handouts and other learning resources of 1800 courses offered at MIT OpenCourseWare * Open University Malaysia (OUM) Learning Management System – myLMS hosting learning materials and resources to be accessed by AIT students registered on the OUM programs and * AIT-Online – E-University learning support resources === Industrial === * Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana * Ministry of Communications, Ghana * Office of the Head of the Civil Service, Ghana * The Ghana Civil Aviation Authority * OMATEK Computers (Nigeria) == Sommo Yizie == f7fcenip75r3uuvdwmjrvzlbfi1wc8r 63688 63687 2026-08-04T06:49:06Z Vision L1 19 63688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q16240676}} A '''Accra Institute of Technology (AIT)''',<ref name=":0">[https://www.ait.edu.gh/ "Home | Accra Institute of Technology".] www.ait.edu.gh. Retrieved 2021-06-05.</ref> e la sommeŋɛ tԑkenologyi yelnimizeɛ na maale pukyaare peԑroo yeltare naŋ be a Accra, Ghana. A Yuniveniti zanne ziiri ullii, sakue ayoɔbo ane zanne ziiri bɔgere ata. AIT meŋ sereŋ eɛ peԑroo yuniveniti kpoŋ kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana a taa PhD zannoo dɔllɔ naŋ pare 250.<ref>[https://www.classfmonline.com/news/education/AIT-graduates-5-PhDs-17-PhD-candidates-13-Master-s-116-Bachelor-s-29533 "AIT graduates 5 PhDs, 17 PhD candidates, 13 Master's, 116 Bachelor's"]. www.classfmonline.com. 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2022-09-02.</ref><ref>Okeowo, Yinka (2021-09-03). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220930145818/https://techeconomy.ng/2021/09/accra-institute-of-technology-ait-graduates-eighth-batch-of-phds/ "Accra Institute of Technology (AIT) graduates eighth batch of PhDs"]. TechEconomy.ng. Archived from [https://techeconomy.ng/2021/09/accra-institute-of-technology-ait-graduates-eighth-batch-of-phds/ the original] on 2022-09-30. Retrieved 2022-09-02.</ref> == Accreditation == Ka a National accreditation Board naŋ be (Ghana) sage de AIT.<ref name=":0" /> pale a yunivantiri poɔ, ka a minister naŋ kaara a te gane zannoo yɛlɛ a Ghana<ref>[https://moe.gov.gh/ "Ministry of Education – Changing Ghana Through Education".] Retrieved 2021-06-05.</ref> poɔ yuo sori ko a sakubiiri ka ba maŋ zanne ka ba erɛ Yunivaniti ganzanne yɛlɛ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130819212422/http://nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=272:accra-institute-of-technology-ait&catid=60:private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-prog&Itemid=185 "Accra Institute of Technology (AIT)".] National Accreditation Board. Archived from [http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=272:accra-institute-of-technology-ait&catid=60:private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-prog&Itemid=185 the original] on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</ref> A sakuuri ganzanne maŋ piili ne la zannoo zie dɛndɛŋe ka a na mine la engineering, kompiita science duoro terebo yɛŋ ane da di yɛlɛ. == Collaborations, affiliations, and partnerships == === Academic === * Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) * Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA * Open University Malaysia * AIT Learning Management System forming part of LEMSAS ka noba gyamaa boɔlo LeMASS –a saseɛ duŋ wullu ane wederebɛ yɛlɛ zannoo * MIT OpenCourseware system – provide access to lecture notes, handouts and other learning resources of 1800 courses offered at MIT OpenCourseWare * Open University Malaysia (OUM) Learning Management System – myLMS hosting learning materials and resources to be accessed by AIT students registered on the OUM programs and * AIT-Online – E-University learning support resources === Industrial === * Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana * Ministry of Communications, Ghana * Office of the Head of the Civil Service, Ghana * The Ghana Civil Aviation Authority * OMATEK Computers (Nigeria) == Sommo Yizie == eem9br6rm5eay3zocp8rg81x6j1ciqc 0 6786 63676 59348 2026-08-03T18:47:09Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q19904004}} '''Nicholas Duncan-Williams''' (dɔgebo daare la 12 May 1957) e la a [[Ghanaian]] puopuoreba wederɛ ane [[Independent Network Charismatic Christianity|Independent Charismatic]] puopuora, naŋ tona toma kyaare presiding Archbishop ane General Overseer ko a [[Action Chapel International]] (ACI) Ministry. Headquartered naŋ be a [[Accra]], Ghana, ACI nao taa affiliates ane branch puobu yie naŋ be North America, Europe, ane Africa. A 2017, Ona da piili a puoraa ko United States President ba naŋ da vootu iri ane a Vice President kyaare neŋ a naaloŋ bimmu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=21 January 2017|title=Duncan-Williams Leads Prayer at Trump's Inauguration Service|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/750777/duncan-williams-leads-prayer-at-trumps-inauguration-service.html|access-date=9 March 2024|publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=20 January 2017|title=Archbishop Duncan Williams prays at Trump's inauguration in US|url=http://3news.com/archbishop-duncan-williams-prays-at-trumps-inauguration-in-us/|access-date=12 June 2017}} {{verify source|date=September 2019|reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/906422498 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original site located at Special:Permalink/890974856 cite #3 - verify the site is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> Duncan-Williams la a proponent ko [[spiritual warfare]] puoruu kyɛ la e a spiritual father ko a American apostolic leader ane preacher [[Paula White]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Matthew D. |title=The Violent Take it by Force |date=October 2024 |publisher=Broadleaf Books |isbn=9781506497785 |location=Minneapolis |chapter=A Televangelist in the White House}}</ref> == Toma == Duncan-Williams la a piilaa neŋ a President ko Prayer Summit International (PSI).<ref>{{cite web|title=Prayer Summit International - Columbia, MD|url=http://www.prayersummitinternational.org/|access-date=12 June 2017|website=www.prayersummitinternational.org}} {{verify source|date=September 2019|reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/906422498 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original site located at Special:Permalink/890974856 cite #1 - verify the site is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> A 2012, o da eɛ puopuoraa ko [[Paula White]], a American televangelist ane apostolic leader neŋ spiritual advisor ko American president [[Donald Trump]].<ref name=":1" /> Duncan-Williams da la de a weɛŋ neŋ a puoraa kyaare a yidaandɔɔ ane o potuuro a United States kyaare a 2017 naaloŋ zemmo, naŋ da e a nensɔgelaa dɛndɛŋ soba na da e a lɛ.<ref name=":0" /> Neŋgyamaa bammo la neŋ puobu ko presidents a Ghana ane a United States.<ref name=":2">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/11/20/l-archeveque-nicholas-duncan-williams-le-pasteur-des-reseaux-trump-en-afrique_6654190_3212.html</ref> === Dominion University === Duncan-Williams la piilaa ko Dominion University,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.edu.gh/|title=Dominion University College|website=www.duc.edu.gh|access-date=12 June 2017}} {{verify source|date=September 2019|reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/906422498 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original site located at Special:Permalink/890974856 cite #8 - verify the site is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> naŋ be Ghana. A university's boɔbo la ka nyoore baapaaba kyaare neŋ excellence ane ethical leadership ko ministry, government, ane business. == Publications == Gama naŋ taa sagedeebo ko Duncan-Williams la: * {{cite book |author=Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Born with a Destiny |date=1999 |publisher=Bishop House}} * {{cite book |author=Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Birthing the Promises of God in Travail |url=https://archive.org/details/birthingpromises0000dunc |date=1999 |publisher=Bishop House}} * {{cite book |author=Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=The Incredible Power of a Praying Woman |url=https://archive.org/details/incrediblepowero0000arch |date=2009 |publisher=XULON Press}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Divine Timing |date=2012 |publisher=Xulon Press, Incorporated}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=The Supernatural Powers of a Praying Man |date=2012 |publisher=Salem Publishing Solutions, Incorporated}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=The Price of Greatness |date=2012 |publisher=Salem Publishing Solutions, Incorporated}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Destined to Make an Impact |date=2012 |publisher=Xulon Press, Incorporated}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Binding the Strong Man |date=2012 |publisher=Xulon Press, Incorporated}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Praying Through the Promises of God |date=2013 |publisher=Xulon Press, Incorporated}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Prayer Moves God |date=2015 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Building a Memorial |publisher=Bishop House}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Enforcing Prophetic Decrees Vol. 1 |date=2015 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Enforcing Prophetic Decrees Vol. 2: Prayer Watch for Community Transformation |date=2016 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Powers Behind the Scene |date=2014 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Understanding the Father Factor |date=2015 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=When Mothers Pray |date=2012 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Divine Timing |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Worship a Secret Weapon |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} * {{cite book |author=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams |title=Turning Pain to Power |date=2012 |publisher=Prayer Summit Publishing}} === Filmography === * 2023: '' A Taste Of Sin'' - As himself <ref name="A Taste of Sin">{{cite web|title=A Taste of Sin|publisher=Internet Movie Database Inc.|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27349186/}}</ref> == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * [[Benson Idahosa]] * [[Charismatic Movement]] == Sommo Yizie == {{reflist}} == Gampeɛre == {{refbegin}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|About - self}}|url=https://www.facebook.com/archbishopduncanwilliams/info?tab=page_info|title=About ARCHBISHOP NICHOLAS DUNCAN WILLIAMS|website=[[Facebook]]|access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams, AWC}}|url=http://www.awclaurel.org/ab-nicholas-duncan-williams|title=Archbishop Nicholas Duncan-Williams|work=Action Worship Center|access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|“Demonic” Ebola targeting Ghana}}|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/October-13th/demonic-ebola-targeting-ghana-by-november-archbishop-duncan-williams.php|title="Demonic" Ebola targeting Ghana by November – Archbishop Duncan Williams|date=13 October 2014|work=Joy Online|access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|}}|url=http://news.peacefmonline.com/pages/social/201411/221115.php|title=Divorce Is Not Easy And Simple As You Think - Duncan-Williams|date=3 November 2014|work=Peace FM Online|access-date=2015-05-11|last1=Online|first1=Peace FM}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Don’t divorce because I did – Duncan-Williams}}|url=http://vibeghana.com/2014/11/03/dont-divorce-because-i-did-duncan-williams/|title=Don't divorce because I did – Duncan-Williams|date=3 November 2014|work=myjoyonline|access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite book |last=Gifford |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwQo5KmRmWYC&pg=PA77 |title=African Christianity: Its Public Role |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-253-21204-7 |access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite book |author=Jane E. Soothill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SecqX95IptcC&pg=PA2 |title=Gender, Social Change and Spiritual Power: Charismatic Christianity in Ghana |publisher=BRILL |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-15789-7 |access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite book |last1=Korieh |first1=Chima Jacob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fnpl3xD0ilUC&pg=PA236 |title=Religion, History, and Politics in Nigeria: Essays in Honor of Ogbu U. Kalu |last2=Nwokeji |first2=G. Ugo |last3=Nnaemeka |first3=Obioma |publisher=University Press of America |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7618-3140-2 |access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Marriage is a privilege - Duncan-Williams}}|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/32967-audio-marriage-is-a-privilege-duncan-williams-tells-women.html|title=Marriage is a privilege - Duncan-Williams tells women|date=29 October 2014|work=Graphic Online|access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite book |author=Martin Lindhardt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mAoSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 |title=Pentecostalism in Africa: Presence and Impact of Pneumatic Christianity in Postcolonial Societies |date=2014-10-29 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-28187-5 |access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite book |author=Paul Gifford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rd0aE3LTfvEC&pg=PA24 |title=Ghana's New Christianity: Pentecostalism in a Globalizing African Economy |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-253-21723-3 |access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite book |last=Sackey |first=Brigid M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNxAeJmCjxsC&pg=PA34 |title=New Directions in Gender and Religion: The Changing Status of Women in African Independent Churches |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7391-1058-4 |access-date=2015-05-11}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Welcome to National Association...}}|url=http://naccc.org.gh/index.html|title=Welcome to National Association of Chrismatic & Christian Churches (NACCC)|publisher=NACCC|access-date=2015-05-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518070959/http://naccc.org.gh/index.html|archive-date=2015-05-18}} *{{cite web|url=http://afritorial.com/africas-top-power-couples/|author=Yolaan Begbie|title=Africa's Top Power Couples|work=Afritorial|date=29 August 2013|access-date=2015-05-11}} [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] [[Gbuli:dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] d2odc5ae6zfiml50wvlmdta066kj2ej 0 6814 63670 60109 2026-08-03T18:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q25067231}} '''Kyinkyinga''' (ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka chin-chin-gá) bee '''cincinga''' (Hausa sɛgebie), e la a nɛne kyeenaa skewer bee [[kebab]] naŋ maale waa porworoo a be a [[West Africa]] kyɛ naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ [[Suya]] kebab.<ref name="Raichlen 2015">{{cite book |last=Raichlen |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQEsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |title=Planet Barbecue!: 309 Recipes, 60 Countries |publisher=Workman Publishing Company |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7611-6447-0 |page=38 |access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Raichlen Fink 2008">{{cite book |last1=Raichlen |first1=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWoOI6MASqwC&pg=PA157 |title=The Barbecue! Bible |last2=Fink |first2=B. |publisher=Workman Pub. |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7611-4943-9 |pages=157–158 |access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> Kyinkyinga e la a Ghanaian Hausa bondiraa ko a yɛyɛreba naŋ be a Zango tembilii ane tembɛrɛ, naŋ naŋ taa bammo gyamaa ko Ghana noba gyamaa. O gaa yitaa neŋ la ''[[suya]]'' [[kebab]] a Nigeria ane Niger, meŋ maŋ e ''suya, tsinga, cinga, cicinga, cincinga, tsire agashi, cacanga'' bee ''tankora'' a Hausa kɔkɔreŋ.<ref name="Osseo-Asare 2005">{{Cite book |last=Osseo-Asare |first=Fran |title=Food culture in sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/foodcultureinsub0000osse |date=2005 |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/foodcultureinsub0000osse/page/41 41] |oclc=58527114}}</ref><ref name="Dako 2003">{{Cite book |last=Dako |first=Kari |title=Ghanaianisms : a glossary |date=2003 |publisher=Ghana Universities Press |isbn=9789964303013 |location=Accra |pages=59, 201 |oclc=53432897}}</ref><ref name="Adjonyoh 2017">{{Cite book |last=Adjonyoh |first=Zoe |author-link=Zoe Adjonyoh |title=Zoe's Ghana Kitchen |publisher=Hachette |year=2017 |isbn=9781784721985 |location=UK}}</ref> O maŋ taa la maaloo yi a nɛne kyeemo a ''tankora'' bee ''yaji'', a spice mix naŋ e a Hausa bondiraa. O eɛ bondiraa naŋ taa meelaa neŋ sɛrmaane koɔne kaŋkanduro koɔne, Zamaandaare koɔne, ane meelaa mine, ane toasted peanut flour. A nɛne paa threaded la eŋ a skewer, gbɛɛ yaga maŋ interspersed neŋ onions ane bell peppers, kyɛ paa kyeeŋ.<ref name="Osseo-Asare 2005" /> Ba maŋ manne o la ka staple street food a Ghana.<ref name="Hafner 1996">{{cite book |last=Hafner |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kNLAAAAYAAJ&q=Kyinkyinga |title=I was Never Here and this Never Happened: Tasty Bits & Spicy Tales from My Life |publisher=Ten Speed Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-89815-641-6 |pages=53–54 |access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Dibi * List of kebabs * List of street foods * [[Suya]] == Sommo Yizie == == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] ng4mju9eghy4kjat2kwbzwagtgt9r1i 0 6966 63681 61922 2026-08-03T18:54:22Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q387670}} [[Duoro_kɔre:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatgezicht_met_filmposter_Tunis_TMnr_20013070.jpg|right|thumb|Cinematic street poster in [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] for the Egyptian film ''[[Saladin the Victorious]]'' (1963, Arabic: الناصر صلاح الدين, Al Nasser Salah Ad-Din) directed by [[Youssef Chahine]] starring [[Ahmed Mazhar]] as Saladin, [[Salah Zulfikar]], [[Nadia Lutfi]] and others]] '''Cinema of Africa''' la ka ba boɔlɔ ka sinii maaloo zie ane sinii naŋ taa maaloo yi a continent [[Africa]]. O laŋɛɛ dakore saŋa yeltare ane pampana yele naŋ vɛŋ peɛroo kpɛ a sɔgaŋ a sinii a African continent, kyɛ meŋ taa yele kyaare a soba na naŋ wanneŋ a audiovisual culture. O bebiri da gaa la a 19th century, be ka a sinii naŋ da e a primary cinematic technology a da taa toma. [[Cairo]] da eɛ a kapital ko sinii maaloo zie naŋ be a Africa yi a piiluu saŋa 20th century te tɔ zenɛ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ntsal|title=The Golden Age of Cairo’s Silver Screens|url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/the-golden-age-of-cairo's-silver-screens?lang=en#:~:text=Attracted%20to%20Cairo,%20Egyptian%20and,of%20young%20and%20enterprising%20architects.|access-date=2025-12-30|website=rawi-publishing.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=تاريخ السينما المصرية - Chamber of Cinema industry|url=https://cci.org.eg/en/%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/|access-date=2025-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cairo {{!}} Egypt, Meaning, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cairo|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251116225737/https://www.britannica.com/place/Cairo|archive-date=2025-11-16|access-date=2025-12-30|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> == Pɔgeba daraatare == <gallery class="center"> Duoro_kɔre:Kemi_Adetiba.png|[[Kemi Adetiba]] (born 1980), Nigerian film maker, 2014 Duoro_kɔre:Safi_Faye.jpg|[[Safi Faye]] (1943–2023), Senegalese film director, anthropologist, ethnologist and feminist, 2004<!-- at the Festival des Cinémas d'Afrique du Pays d'Apt in [[Apt, Vaucluse]], France, November--> Duoro_kɔre:Wanuri_Kahiu.png|[[Wanuri Kahiu]] (born 1980), Kenyan film director, producer, and author, 2018 Duoro_kɔre:هالة_خليل_3.jpg|[[Hala Khalil]] (born 1967), Egyptian film director, producer, and screenwriter, 2018 </gallery> == UNESCO duoruu kyaare African sinii maalozie == A October 2021, [[UNESCO]] da terɛɛ duoruu kyaare sinii ane audiovisual industry a 54 states na be a African continent te paale a quantitative ane qualitative data ane peɛroo sere kyaare faŋa ane leebu zie naŋ be a continental ane regional levels. A peɛroo da wulee strategic recommendations kyaare a sinii baabo ane audiovisual sectors a Africa kyɛ da tage policymakers, professional organizations, firms, filmmakers ane yielŋmereba ka ba lantaa e yeni.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lora-Mungai |first1=Marie |author-link=Marie Lora-Mungai |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379165/PDF/379165eng.pdf.multi |title=The African film industry. Trends, challenges and opportunities for growth |last2=Pimenta |first2=Pedro |publisher=UNESCO |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-3-100470-4 |pages=3 |oclc=1346154769 |access-date=2024-03-21}}</ref>{{Sfn|Lora-Mungai|Pimenta|2021|pp=7-9}} == cinema sere yi irigyini == === North Africa === {{col-begin|}} |- | * [[Cinema of Algeria]] * [[Cinema of Egypt]] * [[Cinema of Libya]] | * [[Cinema of Morocco]] * [[Cinema of Tunisia]] |} </div> === West Africa === {{col-begin|}} |- | * [[Cinema of Benin]] * [[Cinema of Burkina Faso]] * [[Cinema of Cape Verde]] * [[Cinema of the Gambia]] * [[Cinema of Ghana]] * [[Cinema of Guinea]] * [[Cinema of Guinea-Bissau]] * [[Cinema of Ivory Coast]] | * [[Cinema of Liberia]] * [[Cinema of Mali]] * [[Cinema of Mauritania]] * [[Cinema of Niger]] * [[Cinema of Nigeria]] * [[Cinema of Senegal]] * [[Cinema of Sierra Leone]] * [[Cinema of Togo]] |} </div> === Central Africa === {{col-begin|}} |- | * [[Cinema of Angola]] * [[Cinema of Burundi]] * [[Cinema of Cameroon]] * [[Cinema of the Central African Republic]] * [[Cinema of Chad]] * [[Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] | * [[Cinema of Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Cinema of Gabon]] * [[Cinema of the Republic of the Congo]] * [[Cinema of Rwanda]] * [[Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe]] |} </div> === East Africa === {{col-begin|}} |- | * [[Cinema of the Comoros]] * [[Cinema of Djibouti]] * [[Cinema of Eritrea]] * [[Cinema of Ethiopia]] * [[Cinema of Kenya]] * [[Cinema of Mauritius]] | * [[Cinema of Seychelles]] * [[Cinema of Somalia]] * [[Cinema of South Sudan]] * [[Cinema of Sudan]] * [[Cinema of Tanzania]] * [[Cinema of Uganda]] |} </div> === Southern Africa === {{col-begin|}} |- | * [[Cinema of Botswana]] * [[Cinema of Eswatini]] * [[Cinema of Lesotho]] * [[Cinema of Madagascar]] * [[Cinema of Malawi]] | * [[Cinema of Mozambique]] * [[Cinema of Namibia]] * [[Cinema of South Africa]] * [[Cinema of Zambia]] * [[Cinema of Zimbabwe]] |} </div> == Daraatare ko a teŋɛŋ == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * '''Algeria''': [[Merzak Allouache]], [[Malek Bensmaïl]], [[Nina Khada]], [[Karim Moussaoui]] * '''Angola''': [[Zézé Gamboa]],<ref>[http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/zeze-gamboa/ Biography], African Film Festival, New York.</ref> [[Miguel Hurst]] * '''Benin''': [[Idrissou Mora Kpaï]], [[Jean Odoutan]] * '''Botswana''': [[Thabiso Maretlwaneng]], [[Thato Rantao Mwosa]] * '''Burkina Faso''': [[Gaston Kaboré]], [[Valérie Kaboré]], [[Dani Kouyaté]], [[Fanta Régina Nacro]], [[Kollo Daniel Sanou|Sanou Kollo]], [[Idrissa Ouedraogo]], [[Pierre Rouamba]], Drissa Touré, [[Apolline Traoré]], [[Saint Pierre Yaméogo]] * '''Burundi''': [[Justine Bitagoye]], [[Eddy Munyaneza]], [[Léonce Ngabo]] * '''Cameroon''': [[Jean-Pierre Bekolo]], [[Bassek Ba Kobhio]], [[Urbain Dia Moukouri]], [[Bernard Auguste Kouemo Yanghu]], [[Joséphine Ndagnou]], [[Jean-Paul Ngassa]], [[Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa]], [[Thérèse Sita-Bella]], Francis Taptue, [[Jean-Marie Teno]], [[Francois L. Woukoache]] * '''Cape Verde''': [[Lolo Arziki]], [[Leão Lopes]], [[Júlio Silvão Tavares]] * '''Chad''': [[Issa Serge Coelo]], [[Mahamat Saleh Haroun]] * '''Comoros''': [[Hachimiya Ahamada]] * '''Côte d'Ivoire''': [[Marie-Louise Asseu]], [[Sidiki Bakaba]], [[Akissi Delta]], [[Henri Duparc (director)|Henri Duparc]], [[Desiré Ecaré]], [[Fadika Kramo Lanciné]], [[Roger Gnoan M'Bala]], Jacques Trabi * '''Democratic Republic of the Congo''': [[Machérie Ekwa Bahango]], [[Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda]], [[Baloji (rapper)|Baloji]], [[Mars Kadiombo Yamba Bilonda]], [[Guy Bomanyama-Zandu]], [[Claude Haffner]], [[Dieudo Hamadi]], [[Mamadi Indoka]], [[Kiripi Katembo]], [[Joseph Kumbela]], [[Laura Kutika]], [[Zeka Laplaine]],<ref name="Thackway2003">{{cite book|author=Thackway|title=Africa Shoots Back|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iA--kyw_FhsC|access-date=13 October 2010|year=2003|publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780852555774}}</ref> [[Albert Mongita]], [[Djo Tunda Wa Munga]], [[Guy Kabeya Muya]], [[Mwezé Ngangura]], [[Ne Kunda Nlaba]], [[Monique Mbeka Phoba]], [[Roger Kwami Zinga]] * '''Egypt''': [[Salah Abu Seif]], Adel Adeeb, [[Youssef Chahine]], [[Yousry Nasrallah]], [[Ezz El-Dine Zulficar]], [[Sherif Arafa]], [[Khaled Youssef]], [[Marwan Hamed]], [[Mohamed Khan]], [[Shady Abdel Salam]], [[Khairy Beshara]], Samir Seif, Nader Galal, Ali Abdel-Khalek,{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} [[Ashraf Fahmy]], Radwan El-Kashef,{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} Hady El Bagoury, Ali Ragab, Hala Khaleel, Ehab Lamey, [[Tarek Al Eryan]], [[Atef El-Tayeb]], [[Daoud Abdel Sayed]], Ehab Mamdouh,{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} [[Sandra Nashaat]] * '''Ethiopia''': Yemane Demissie, [[Haile Gerima]], [[Hermon Hailay]], [[Salem Mekuria]]<ref>[http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/makers/fm248.shtml "Salem Mekuria"], Women Make movies.</ref> * '''Gabon''': Henri Joseph Koumba Bibidi, [[Pierre-Marie Dong]], [[Imunga Ivanga]], [[Manouchka Kelly Labouba]], [[Charles Mensah]] * '''Ghana''': [[Egbert Adjesu]], [[John Akomfrah]], [[King Ampaw]], [[Kwaw Ansah]], Jim Awindor, [[Yaba Badoe]], [[Akosua Busia]], [[Leila Djansi]], [[Kuukua Eshun]], [[Shirley Frimpong-Manso]], [[Chris Tsui Hesse|Chris Hesse]], [[Nii Kwate Owoo]], [[Kwesi Owusu]], [[Tom Ribeiro]], Halaru B. Wandagou{{Citation needed|reason=Who is Halaru B. Wandagou? Please supply a reference|date=July 2024}} * '''Guinea''': David Achkar, [[Sékoumar Barry]], [[Cheick Fantamady Camara]], [[Mohamed Camara (film director)|Mohamed Camara]], [[Cheik Doukouré]], [[Gahité Fofana]], [[Mama Keïta]] * '''Guinea-Bissau''': [[Flora Gomes]], [[Sana Na N'Hada]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://ojs.lib.umassd.edu/index.php/plcs/article/view/PLCS30_31_Arenas_page68/1223|title=The Filmography of Guinea-Bissau's Sana Na N'Hada: From the Return of Amílcar Cabral to the Threat of Global Drug Trafficking |date=May 29, 2018 |journal=Transnational Africa |editor1=Christopher Larkosh |editor2=Mario Perreira |editor3=[[Memory Holloway]] |author=Fernando Arenas - Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth|pages=68–94 |doi=10.62791/va3ttz37 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref> * '''Kenya''': Robby Bresson,[[Jim Chuchu]], [[Wanuri Kahiu]], [[Wanjiru Kinyanjui]], [[Judy Kibinge]], [[Gilbert Lukalia]], [[Jane Munene]], [[Anne Mungai]] * '''Lesotho''': [[Lemohang Jeremiah Mosese]] * '''Madagascar''': [[Alexander Abela]], [[Marie-Clémence Paes|Marie-Clémence Andriamonta-Paes]], [[Lova Nantenaina]], [[Philippe Raberojo]], [[Raymond Rajaonarivelo]], [[Benoît Ramampy]], Solo Randrasana, Luck Razanajaona, [[Laza Razanajatovo]] * '''Mali''': [[Abdoulaye Ascofare]], [[Souleymane Cissé (film director)|Souleymane Cissé]], [[Cheick Oumar Sissoko]], [[Manthia Diawara]], [[Adama Drabo]] * '''Mauritania''': [[Med Hondo]], <!--[[Azza Cheikh Malainine]] really exists/existed as of 18 October 2023?--> [[Abderrahmane Sissako]], [[Sidney Sokhona]] * '''Mozambique''': [[Fátima Albuquerque]], [[Licínio Azevedo]], [[Karen Boswall]], [[Sol de Carvalho]], [[Camilo de Sousa]], [[Mickey Fonseca]], [[Rogério Manjate]], [[Isabel Noronha]], [[Lara Sousa]] * '''Namibia''': [[Joel Haikali]], [[Tim Huebschle]], [[Richard Pakleppa]] * '''Niger''': [[Moustapha Alassane]],<ref>{{cite web |url= https://qz.com/africa/1239066/watch-one-of-africas-first-animated-films-created-by-nigers-moustapha-alassane/ |title=One of Africa's oldest animated films has a timeless message about African life |author=Lynsey Chutel |date=March 30, 2018 |publisher=Quartz Africa}}</ref> [[Oumarou Ganda]] * '''Nigeria''': [[Femi Adebayo]], [[Kemi Adetiba]], [[C.J. Obasi]], [[Kunle Afolayan]], Dele Ajakaiye, Andy Amenechi, Bayo Awala, [[Ola Balogun]], [[Biyi Bandele]], Jide Bello, [[Chico Ejiro]], Zeb Ejiro, [[Obi Emelonye]], [[Lola Fani-Kayode]], Greg Fiberesima, [[Amaka Igwe]], [[Tunde Kelani]], Billy Kings, Chris Obi Rapu, [[Tade Ogidan]], [[Iyabo Ojo]], [[Izu Ojukwu]], [[Zina Saro-Wiwa]], [[Yemi Shodimu]], Eddie Ugboma * '''Rwanda''': [[Eric Kabera]], [[Kivu Ruhorahoza]] * '''São Tomé and Príncipe''': [[Januário Afonso]], [[Katya Aragão]], [[Ângelo Torres]] * '''Senegal''': [[Tidiane Aw]], [[Moussa Bathily]], [[Ben Diogaye Bèye]], Ahmadou Diallo, [[Clarence Thomas Delgado]], [[Djibril Diop Mambéty]], [[Thierno Faty Sow]], [[Safi Faye]], [[Joseph Gaï Ramaka]], [[Dyana Gaye]], [[Alain Gomis]], [[Ousmane William Mbaye]], [[Bouna Medoune Seye]], [[Samba Félix Ndiaye]], [[Moustapha Ndoye]], [[Ababacar Samb Makharam]], Ibrahima Sarr{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}, [[Ousmane Sembène]], [[Moussa Sène Absa]], [[Blaise Senghor]], [[Mansour Sora Wade]], [[Paulin Soumanou Vieyra]], As Thiam, Momar Thiam, [[Moussa Touré]], [[Mahama Johnson Traoré]] * '''Somalia''': Abdisalam Aato, [[Abdulkadir Ahmed Said]], [[Idil Ibrahim]] * '''Sudan''': [[Amjad Abu Alala]], [[Suhaib Gasmelbari]], [[Gadalla Gubara]], [[Hajooj Kuka]], [[Hussein Shariffe]], [[Marwa Zein]] * '''South Africa''': [[Neill Blomkamp]], Seipati Bulani-Hopa, Mickey Dube, [[Nosipho Dumisa]], [[Oliver Hermanus]], [[Katinka Heyns]], [[Gavin Hood]], [[William Kentridge]], [[Jonathan Liebesman]], Nana Mahomo,<ref>{{cite web|title=Nelson "Nana" Mahomo |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nelson-nana-mahomo |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> [[Zola Maseko]], Teddy Matthera, Morabane Modise, Sechaba Morejele, [[Lionel Ngakane]] * '''Togo''': [[Anne Laure Folly]] * '''Tunisia''': [[Raja Amari]], [[Mehdi Ben Attia]], [[Mohamed Ben Attia]], [[Kaouther Ben Hania]], [[Férid Boughedir]], [[Leyla Bouzid]], [[Nouri Bouzid]], [[Khaled Ghorbal]], [[Nacer Khémir]], [[Anis Lassoued]], [[Moufida Tlatli]] * '''Uganda''': [[Matt Bish]], [[Caroline Kamya]], Hassan Kamoga,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-man-running-a-queer-film-festival-in-a-nation-where-homosexuality-is-illegal/ |title=The Man Running a Queer Film Festival in a Nation Where Homosexuality Is Illegal|author=Yael Even Or |work=Broadly |date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> [[Usama Mukwaya]], [[Mariam Ndagire]], [[George Stanley Nsamba]], [[Joseph Kenneth Ssebaggala]], * '''Zambia''': [[Rungano Nyoni]] * '''Zimbabwe''': [[M. K. Asante Jr.]], [[Tsitsi Dangarembga]], [[Roger Hawkins (film director)|Roger Hawkins]], [[Siphiwe Gloria Ndlovu]], [[Jordan Riber]] {{div col end}} == Sinii na be African cinema == [[Duoro_kɔre:AIRSCREEN_Africa.jpg|right|thumb|An Open-Air-Cinema in [[Johannesburg]] with an [[inflatable movie screen]] (2010)]] * ''Caméra d'Afrique'', Director: Férid Boughedir, Tunisia/France, 1983 * ''La Belle at the Movies'', Director: Cecilia Zoppelletto, [[Kinshasa]], 2016 * ''Le Congo, quel cinéma!'', Director: Guy Bomanyama-Zandu, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2005 * ''Les Fespakistes'', Directors: François Kotlarski, Eric Münch, Burkina Faso/France, 2001 * ''Sembene!'', Director: Samba Gadjigo and Jason Silverman, 2015<ref>{{cite web|title=Film Screening: SEMBENE! The Inspiring Story of the Father of African Cinema with Director Samba Gadjigo|url=https://events.stanford.edu/events/661/66183/|date=February 7, 2017|access-date=October 28, 2018|archive-date=December 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226130023/https://events.stanford.edu/events/661/66183/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Spell Reel'', Director: Filipa César, Guinea-Bissau, 2017, documentary on the digitization of revolutionary films from Guinea-Bissau.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reactivating the Lost Revolutionary Films of Guinea-Bissau: In her debut feature, artist Filipa César documents the digitization of films made in the African country around the time of its independence|author=Ela Bittencourt|date=June 27, 2017|url=https://hyperallergic.com/387611/reactivating-the-lost-revolutionary-films-of-guinea-bissau/|publisher=HyperAllergic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Review: 'Spell Reel' Shows a Revolution Filmed, on the Leader's Orders|author=Ben Kenigsberg|date=June 27, 2017|work=New York Times}}</ref> * ''This Is Nollywood'', Director: Franco Sacchi, 2007 == Sinii Tige == Africa * [[Africa International Film Festival]] (AFRIFF), Lagos, Nigeria * Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA, AMA Awards), Yenagoa, Nigeria * Alexandria Mediterranean Countries Film Festival, Alexandria, Egypt * [[Amakula International Film Festival]], [[Kampala]], Uganda * Ananse Cinema International Film Festival (ANCIFF), Kasoa, Ghana * [[Aswan International Women's Film Festival]], Aswan, Egypt * Bushman Film Festival, held in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bushmanfilmfestival.net/|title=Bushmanfilmfestival – Smartphone Film festival in Côte d'Ivoire|access-date=2020-02-18|archive-date=2020-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218192510/https://bushmanfilmfestival.net/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Cabo Verde International Film Festival]] * [[Cairo International Film Festival]] (CIFF), [[Cairo]], Egypt * [[Carthage Film Festival]] * [[El Gouna Film Festival]] (GFF), El Gouna, Egypt * [[Festival International du Film Amateur de Kélibia]] (FIFAK), Kélibia, Tunisia * [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO), Burkina Faso * Festival of African Cinema (Tarifa-Tangier African Film Festival), Morocco/Spain * Luanda International Pan African Film Festival (Luanda PAFF) * [[Luxor African Film Festival]], Luxor, Egypt * [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO) is the largest and most prestigious film festival in Africa * [[Rencontres du Film Court Madagascar]] (Madagascourt Film Festival) * [[Rwanda Film Festival]] (Hillywood), held in Rwanda * [[Sahara International Film Festival]] (FiSahara), held in Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria * [[Zanzibar International Film Festival]] (ZIFF) === Asia === * Atesib Film Festival, Israel === Europe === * Africa in Motion, held in Edinburgh, Scotland in late October * Festival cinémas d’Afrique Lausanne, in Lausanne, Switzerland in August * Festival des Cinémas d'Afrique du pays d'Apt, in Apt, Vaucluse, France in November === USA === * The African Film Festival (TAFF) held in Dallas in late June<ref>{{cite web|title=TAFF WORKSHOPS AND EVENTS CALENDAR|url=http://www.theafricanfilmfestival.org/#TAFF}}</ref> * African Film Festival, held in New York * Africa World Documentary Film Festival, held in St Louis * Pan African Film Festival, held in Los Angeles * Silicon Valley African Film Festival, held in San Jose, California == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == {{col-begin}} | * [[African literature]] * [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]], Nigeria * [[Atlas Corporation Studios]], Morocco * [[List of African films]] * [[Négritude]] * [[Negrophilia]] * [[Nu Metro Cinemas]], South Africa | * [[Political cinema]] * [[Somaliwood]], Somali film industry, Ohio, USA * [[Ster-Kinekor]], South Africa * [[Third Cinema]], includes filmmakers from Africa * [[Women in African cinema]] * [[World cinema]] |} </div> == Sommo yizie == {{reflist|30em}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.africultures.com|title=Africultures, les mondes en relation|last=|first=|date=2023|website=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures|access-date=1 June 2023|quote=|language=fr, en, pt}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.afrimages.net|title=Afrimages, Cinémas d'Afrique: analyses critiques|last=|first=|date=2023|website=afrimages.net|publisher=Afrimages, Olivier Barlet|access-date=1 June 2023|quote=|language=fr, en, pt}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.africine.org|title=Africine.org, Le leader mondial (cinémas africains & diaspora)|last=|first=|date=2023|website=africine.org|publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC), [[African federation of film critics|African Federation of Film Critics]]|access-date=1 June 2023|quote=Actuellement recensés 21 791 films, 2 562 textes|language=fr, en, pt}} * Armes, Roy: ''Dictionary of African Filmmakers'', Indiana University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|0-253-35116-2}} * {{Cite book |last=Barlet |first=Olivier |title=African Cinemas: Decolonizing the Gaze |url=https://archive.org/details/africancinemasde0000barl |date=2000 |publisher=[[Zed Books]] |isbn=978-1856497428 |location=London; New York}} * {{cite web|url=http://africultures.com/the-five-decades-of-african-cinemas-7954/|publisher=Africultures|author=[[Olivier Barlet|Barlet, Olivier]]|title=The Five Decades of African Cinemas|date=15 July 2008}} * {{Cite book |last=Barlet |first=Olivier |title=Contemporary African Cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryafri0000barl |date=2016 |publisher=[[Michigan State University Press]] |isbn=978-1611862119 |location=East Lansing}} * {{Cite book |title=Contemporary Lusophone African film : transnational communities and alternative modernities |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780367134976 |editor-last1=de Medeiros |editor-first1=Paulo |series=Remapping world cinema |location=Abingdon, Oxon |language=English |editor-last2=Apa |editor-first2=Livia}} * {{cite book |author=Dovey, Lindiwe |title=African Film and Literature: Adapting Violence to the Screen |url=https://archive.org/details/africanfilmliter0000dove |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0231147545}} *{{Cite book |last=Friendéthié |first=Martial K. |title=Francophone African cinema : history, culture, politics and theory |date=2009 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786439621 |location=Jefferson, N.C. |oclc=277136408}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/revues/ecrans-dafrique/59|title=Ecrans d'Afrique, Revue internationale de cinéma, télévision et vidéo|last=|first=|date=|website=africine.org|publisher=|access-date=1 June 2023|quote=Créée en 1992. Elle n'est plus éditée depuis 1998.}}. See also [[Ecrans d'Afrique]]. * {{Cite news|last=Halhoul|first=Khalid|title=Using African Cinema to Shift Cultural Perceptions|work=[[Utne Reader]]|access-date=2014-04-12|date=2012-07-03|url=http://www.utne.com/arts/african-cinema-shift-cultural-perceptions.aspx}} * {{cite book |title=A companion to African cinema |date=2019 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=9781119100317 |editor-last1=Harrow |editor-first1=Kenneth W. |series=Wiley-Blackwell companions to national cinemas |location=Hoboken, NJ |pages=498 |editor-last2=Garritano |editor-first2=Carmela}} * Lelievre, Samuel (ed.), "Cinémas africains, une oasis dans le désert?", ''CinémAction'', no. 106, Paris, Télérama/Corlet, 1st trimester 2003 * {{cite web|title=Film Policy and the development of the African Cinema|author=Okome, Onookome|via=Michigan State University|url=http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/glendora%20review/vol1no2/graa001002017.pdf}} *{{Cite book |last=Ouzgane |first=Lahoucine |title=Men in African film & fiction |date=2011 |publisher=James Currey imprint of Boydell & Brewer |isbn=9781846159329 |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK |oclc=792684913}} *{{Cite book |last=Pfaff |first=Françoise |title=Focus on African Films |url=https://archive.org/details/focusonafricanfi00unse |date=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253216687 |location=Bloomington}} * {{Cite journal|last=Roberts|first=Andrew D.|date=1987|title=Africa on Film to 1940|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/africa-on-film-to-1940/764F764BEEEC6B725A40A684F5F11E62|journal=History in Africa|language=en|volume=14|pages=189–227|doi=10.2307/3171838|issn=0361-5413|url-access=subscription}} * [[Fernando E. Solanas|Solanas, Fernando E.]], [[Octavio Getino|Getino, Octavio]], "Towards a Third Cinema" in: [[Bill Nichols (film critic)|Bill Nichols]] (ed.), ''Movies and Methods. An Anthology'', University of California Press, 1976, pp.&nbsp;44–64 * Şaul, Mahir and Ralph Austen, Ralph A. (eds), ''Viewing African Cinema in the Twenty-First Century: Art Films and the Nollywood Video Revolution'', [[Ohio University Press]], 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-8214-1931-1}} * Tomaselli, Keyan G., & Mhando, Martin (eds), ''Journal of African Cinemas'', Bristol : Intellect, 2009 -, {{ISSN|1754-9221}} *{{Cite book |last=Ukadike |first=Nwachukwu Frank |title=Black African cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/blackafricancine0000ukad |date=1994 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520077478 |location=Berkeley, CA}}*{{Cite book |last=Ukadike |first=Nwachukwu Frank |title=Black African cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/blackafricancine0000ukad |date=1994 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520077478 |location=Berkeley, CA}} {{refend}} == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == * [http://www.rfi.fr/hebdo/20180525-afrique-grands-groupes-francais-assaut-salles-cinema-culture Movie theatres re-opening in Africa] (in French, extensive business discussion) * [http://congoinharlem.org/ Congo in Harlem] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150809220422/http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/panafricancinema.htm The Heavy Flag of Pan-African Cinema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809220422/http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/panafricancinema.htm|date=2015-08-09}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060613073319/http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v2/v2i1a4.htm African Cinema in the 1990s] * [http://africanmedia.msu.edu/ African Media Program]{{spaced ndash}} comprehensive database of African media * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100328183419/http://newsreel.org/ Library of African Cinema in California] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120218212003/http://www.fcat.es/wiki/ Wiki of the African Film Festival of Tarifa] * Khalid Halhoul, [http://www.utne.com/african-cinema-shift-cultural-perceptions.aspx "Using African Cinema to Shift Cultural Perceptions"], ''UTNE'', July 3, 2012. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703053914/http://www.utne.com/african-cinema-shift-cultural-perceptions.aspx|date=2013-07-03}} * [http://cannes-or-bust.com/cannes-events/pan-african-film-festival/ Pan-African Film Festival, Cannes] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150713163252/http://www.africapedia.com/TOP-AFRICAN-FILM-DIRECTORS-IN-ALPHABETICAL-ORDER "Top African Film Directors in Alphabetical order"], Africapedia t2e56kfnnlaq9jch8mef1ctp7duvk1d 0 6967 63663 61430 2026-08-03T18:34:23Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 9 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q314966}} '''Ousmane Sembène''' (1 January 1923 bee 8 January 1923<ref name="Gadjigo2010">{{cite book |author=Samba Gadjigo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vOxxoBXTVcC&pg=PA7 |title=Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist |date=6 May 2010 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-00426-0 |pages=7}}</ref> – 9 June 2007), da la a Senegalese sinii daraata, maala ane sɛgerɛ. A ''Los Angeles Times'' da de o la k'o da e a sɛgesɛgerɛ kpoŋ kaŋa ko a Africa ka gbɛɛ gyamaa ka ba maŋ boɔle o ka "wederɛ ko African sinii".<ref name="LA">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-sembene14jun14,1,4130153.story?track=rss|title=Ousmane Sembene, 84; Senegalese hailed as 'the father of African film'|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-06-14|access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref> O da maŋ nyɛɛ sommo gyamaa kyaare a o French gɔɔloŋ a '''Sembène Ousmane''', ka o da nyɛ a ka a da e bone naŋ da vɛŋ k'o da ba taa teɛroŋ soŋ kyaare a "colonial imposition" kyaare a yuori poruu tige.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jonassaint|first=Jean|date=2010|title=Le cinéma de Sembène Ousmane, une (double) contre-ethnographie : (Notes pour une recherche)|url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ethno/2010-v31-n2-ethno3691/039372ar/|journal=Ethnologies|language=fr|volume=31|issue=2|pages=241–286|doi=10.7202/039372ar|s2cid=192052034|issn=1481-5974|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Naŋ da yi Serer yiriŋ yi a o ma zuiŋ naŋ be a dɔgroŋ gbɛre naŋ e Matar Sène, Ousmane Sembène da maŋ maale be la a Serer saakonnoo tigiri. O da nyɛɛ yele mine kyaare a ''Tuur tigiri''.<ref name="Sem">{{in lang|en}} Gadjigo, Samba, "Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist", Indiana University Press, (2010), p 16, {{ISBN|0253354137}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=8vOxxoBXTVcC&dq=serer+maternal+clans&pg=PA16] (Retrieved : 10 August 2012)</ref> == Kuuŋ == Ousmane Sembène kuu bebiri da la 9 June 2007, o naŋ da e yuomo 84. O da gaŋɛɛ baaloŋ December 2006, a da kpi a o yiriŋ Dakar, Senegal, be k'o danyɛ uumu neŋ shroud adorned naŋ taa Quranic verses.<ref>Callimachi, Rukmini "Father of African cinema buried in Senegal" 12 June 2007. [http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=nw20070612095103464C182325] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822124001/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1|date=22 August 2007}}</ref> Sembène da nyɛ la biiri bayi kultaa parɛɛ ayi poɔ.<ref>{{cite news|last=Macnab|first=Geoffrey|newspaper=The Independent|date=13 June 2007|access-date=2009-11-14|title=Obituaries – 'Ousmane Sembene'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ousmane-sembene-452880.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012053001/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ousmane-sembene-452880.html|archive-date=2011-10-12}}</ref> Seipati Bulane Hopa, Secretary General ko Pan African Federation ko Filmmakers (FEPACI), da mannɛɛ Sembène k'o da e "a ''luminary that lit the torch for ordinary people to walk the path of light...a voice that spoke without hesitation, a man with an impeccable talent who unwaveringly held on to his artistic principles and did that with great integrity and dignity."<ref name="Screen">[http://www.screenafrica.com/news/stop_press/956682.htm Tributes to Ousmane Sembene: 1923 – 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924235925/http://www.screenafrica.com/news/stop_press/956682.htm|date=24 September 2007}}, screenafrica.com</ref>'' South Africa's Pallo Jordan, Minister ko Arts ane saakonnoo, da la gaa la nimitɔɔre e eulogizing Sembène na e "a ''well rounded intellectual and an exceptionally cultured humanist...an informed social critic [who] provided the world with an alternative knowledge of Africa."''<ref name="Screen" /> == Toma == === Gama === * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Le Docker noir |date=1956 |publisher=Debresse |location=Paris}} Also a new edition by publisher [[Présence Africaine]] of 2002. ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Black Docker |url=https://archive.org/details/blackdocker0000semb |date=1987 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435908966 |series=African writers |location=London |oclc=16084389}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Black Docker |url=https://archive.org/details/blackdocker0000semb |date=1989 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435908973 |series=African writers |location=Oxford |oclc=476822988}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=O Pays, mon beau peuple! |date=1957 |publisher=Amiot Dumont, 1957 |oclc=1009422560}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Les bouts de bois de Dieu : Banty mam yall |date=1988 |publisher=Le Livre Contemporain |location=[Paris] |oclc=62109468}} A later edition of the original of 1960. ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=God's Bits of Wood |title-link=God's Bits of Wood |date=1995 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn= |location=London |translator-last=Price |translator-first=Francis |oclc=562242510}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title={{ill|Voltaïque|fr|Voltaïque (recueil)}} |date=1962 |publisher=Présence Africaine |location=Paris |oclc=312515053}} Short stories. ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Tribal Scars and other stories |title-link=Tribal Scars |date=1974 |publisher=INSCAPE |isbn=9780879530150 |location=Washington |oclc=763705}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=L'Harmattan |date=1964 |publisher=Présence Africaine |location=Paris |oclc=460661419}} Reprint 1973. * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Vehi-Ciosane ou Blanche-Genèse, suivi du Mandat |date=1965 |publisher=Présence Africaine (Ligugé, impr. Aubin) |location=Paris |oclc=460661424}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=The Money-Order with White Genesis |title-link=The Money-Order with White Genesis |date=1987 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435900922 |location=London |translator-last=Wake |translator-first=Clive |oclc=572500}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Xala |date=1973 |publisher=Présence africaine |location=Paris}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Xala |url=https://archive.org/details/xala00semb_0 |date=1976 |oclc=470084596}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Xala |title-link=Xala (novel) |date=1980 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435901752 |location=London |oclc=974104373}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Le dernier de l'Empire |date=1981 |publisher=L'Harmattan |isbn=9782858021697 |location=Paris |oclc=405576233}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=The Last of the Empire: a Senegalese novel |url=https://archive.org/details/lastofempiresene0000semb |date=1983 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435902506 |location=London |translator-last=Adams |translator-first=Adrian |oclc=10030343}} "A Key to Senegalese Politics" – Werner Glinga. * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Niiwam : nouvelles |url=https://archive.org/details/niiwamsuividetaa0000semb |date=1987 |publisher=Présence africaine |isbn=9782708704862 |location=Paris |oclc=631337297}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Niiwam and Taaw [two novellas] |date=1991 |publisher=D. Philip |isbn=9780864861221 |location=Cape Town |oclc=24360778}} Also Oxford and Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1992. === Filmography === Sembène's sinii la:<ref name="africultures">{{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3495|title=Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal|website=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation|access-date=8 October 2023|date=2023|language=French}}</ref><ref name="africine">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/personne/ousmane-sembene/3495|access-date=8 October 2023|website=africine.org|title=Ousmane Sembène Film director, Writer, Actor, Producer, Screenwriter, Person concerned|date=2020|publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC)}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0783733}}</ref><ref name="africanfilmny">{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ousmane-sembene/|title=Ousmane Sembène Director|publisher=African Film Festival, Inc. (AFF)|location=New York|access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Genre !Role !Duration (min) |- |1963 |''[[Borom Sarret]]'' |Drama short Portrait of a poor Senegalese man. First film made by a black African.<ref name="imdb" /> |Director and writer |20 m |- |1964 |''[[Niaye]]'' |Drama short The scandal of a pregnant young girl |Director and writer |35 m |- |1966 |''[[Black Girl (1966 film)|Black Girl]]'' (original title: ''La noire de...'') |Drama feature A Senegalese girl becomes a servant in France |Director and writer |65 m |- |1968 |''[[Mandabi]]'' |Drama feature A Senegalese man has to cope with a money order from Paris |Director and writer |92 m |- |1970 |''Tauw'' |Drama short A young man makes a home for his pregnant girlfriend |Director and writer |24 m |- |1971 |''[[Emitaï]]'' |Drama feature [[Jola people]] protest [[World War II]] French conscription |Director and writer |103 m |- |1975 |''[[Xala]]'' |Comedy feature A corrupt politician is cursed with impotence |Director and writer |123 m |- |1977 |''[[Ceddo (film)|Ceddo]]'' |Drama feature In protest outsiders ([[Ceddo]], non-muslims) kidnap a black princess |Director and co-writer with Carrie Sembene |120 m |- |1988 |''[[Camp de Thiaroye]]'' |Historical drama feature In the 1944 [[Thiaroye massacre]] French troops kill rebelling returned black soldiers |Co-director and co-writer with [[Thierno Faty Sow]] |147 m |- |1992 |''[[Guelwaar]]'' |Drama feature Religious and political satire on an erroneous burial |Director and writer |115 m |- |2000 |''[[Faat Kiné]]'' |Drama feature An unwed mother succeeds professionally |Director and writer |120 m |- |2004 |''[[Moolaadé]]'' |Drama feature Women protest [[female genital mutilation]] |Director and writer |124 m |} == Nimitɔɔre kannoo == * {{Cite journal|last1=Adeniyi|first1=Idowu Emmanuel|date=2019|title=Male Other, Female Self and Post-feminist Consciousness in Sembène Ousmane's ''God's Bits of Wood'' and [[Flora Nwapa]]'s ''Efuru''|url=|journal=Ibadan Journal of English Studies|volume=7|issue=|pages=57–72|doi=|access-date=}} * {{Cite book |last1=Busch |first1=Annett |author-link= |url= |title=Ousmane Sembène interviews |last2=Annas |first2=Max |date=2008 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=9781934110850 |location=[Jackson] |page= |oclc=778204000}} ** {{Cite web|url=http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1092|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918190523/http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1092|archive-date=2009-09-18|title=Ousmane Sembène: Interviews. Edited by Annett Busch and Max Annas|last=|first=|date=|website=upress.state.ms.us|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson|access-date=7 October 2023|quote="Culture is political, but it's another type of politics. In art, you are political, but you say, 'We are' and not 'I am.'"}} * {{Cite book |title=Ousmane Sembène : dialogues with critics and writers |date=1993 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |isbn=9780870238895 |editor-last1=Gadjigo |editor-first1=Samba |location=Amherst |oclc=28339413 |editor-last2=Faulkingham |editor-first2=Ralph H. |editor-last3=Cassirer |editor-first3=Thomas |editor-last4=Sander |editor-first4=Reinhard}} * {{Cite book |last=Gadjigo |first=Samba |title=Ousmane Sembène : the making of a militant artist |url=https://archive.org/details/ousmanesembenema0000gadj |date=2010 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253354136 |location=Bloomington |oclc=313659212}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/10/cameras-dafrique-elvis-mitchell-on-west-african-cinema-and-the-need-for-diverse-film-criticism-interview-164704/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029112241/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/10/cameras-dafrique-elvis-mitchell-on-west-african-cinema-and-the-need-for-diverse-film-criticism-interview-164704/|archive-date=2018-10-29|title=Caméras d'Afrique: Elvis Mitchell On West African Cinema and The Need for Diverse Film Criticism (Interview)|last=Mumin|first=Nijla|date=October 4, 2013|website=IndieWire|publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=David |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/sembeneimagining0000murp|title=Imagining Alternatives in Film and Fiction – Sembene' |date=2001 |publisher=Africa World Press Inc. |isbn=9780852555552 |location=Oxford |page= |oclc=254943835}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Niang|first1=Sada|last2=Gadjigo|date=Fall 1995|title=Interview with Ousmane Sembene|url=|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=26|issue=3|pages=174–178|doi=|access-date=}} * {{Cite book |last=Niang |first=Sada |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/litteratureetcin0000unse|title=Littérature et cinéma en afrique francophone: Ousmane Sembène et Assia Djebar |date=1996 |publisher=L’Harmattan |isbn=9782738448750 |location=Paris |page= |oclc=917569861}} * {{Cite book |last=Pfaff |first=Françoise |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/cinemaofousmanes0000pfaf|title=The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene: A Pioneer of African Film |date=1984 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313244001 |location=Westport, Connecticut |page= |oclc=10605185}} * {{Cite web|url=https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/PdfViewer/vital:8397/SOURCEPDF?viewPdfInternal=1|last=Rubaba|first=Protas Pius|title=The influence of feminist communication in creating social transformation: an analysis of the films Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) and Water (Deepa Mehta)|publisher=South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS)|date=2009|format=PDF|website=vital.seals.ac.za|pages=132}} Master thesis in Applied Media Studies, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. * {{Cite book |last=Vieyra |first=Paulin Soumanou |author-link= |url= |title=Ousmane Sembène cineaste: première période, 1962–1971 |date=1972 |publisher=Présence Africaine |isbn= |location=Paris |page= |oclc=896779795}} == Sommo yizie == [[Category: Dagaare]] [[Category: gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Sini]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == === Sinii sere === * {{YouTube|id=9ipcync79CI|title=Ceddo (1977), with English and French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**)}}. Video duration 1h:51m:41s. Uploader XMusicMusicX 2013. * {{YouTube|id=omjlksmIw_s|title=FILM GUELEWAR Ousmane Sembene 1992 (en Français)}}. Video duration 1h:29m:38s. Uploader Roomnart 2022. === A zaa === * {{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/sembene-ousmane/|title=Authors & Artists. Sembene, Ousmane|quote=As far as I am concerned, I no longer support notions of purity. Purity has become a thing of the past. . .|access-date=7 October 2023|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|date=19 August 2020|publisher=Postcolonial Studies, Emory University}} * {{IMDb name|0783733}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.newsreel.org/articles/OusmaneSembene.htm|title=Ousmane Sembene: the life of a revolutionary artist|last=Gadjigo|first=Samba|date=|website=newsreel.org|publisher=California Newsreel, San Francisco|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=Crossing the geographical and national borders of his native Senegal, Ousmane Sembene's literary and cinematographic output places him today as the "father" of African films and as one of the most prolific "French-speaking" African writers in this first century of "creative" writing in francophone Africa.}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=6654|title=Interview with Ousmane Sembène — father of African film|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204175447/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=6654|archive-date=4 February 2012|last=|first=|date=11 June 2005|website=socialistworker.co.uk|publisher=Socialist Worker|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/11/world/africa/11sembene.html|title=An Appraisal: A Filmmaker Who Found Africa's Voice|last=Scott|first=A.O.|date=2007-06-11|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/movies/12semb.html|title=Ousmane Sembène, 84, Dies; Led Cinema's Advance in Africa|last=Scott|first=A.O.|date=2007-06-12|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3495|title=Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal|last=|first=|date=|website=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://missingimage.com/book/export/html/250569|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806102441/http://missingimage.com/book/export/html/25056|title=Ousmane Sembene Interviews|archive-date=2008-08-06|last1=Busch|first1=Annett|last2=Annas|first2=Max|date=|website=missingimage.com|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/episodes/2004/10/12/segments/37154|title=Ousmane Sembene|last=|first=|date=October 12, 2004|website=wnyc.org|publisher=New York Public Radio, [[WNYC]]|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembene on his distinguished and prolific career, as well as his latest film: Moolaadé.}} Duration 31 min 20 sec. Audio file of the interview on the Leonard Lopate show. * {{Cite web|url=http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/10/23/selected-lines-of-the-book-ousmane-sembene-interviews/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121052028/http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/10/23/selected-lines-of-the-book-ousmane-sembene-interviews/|archive-date=2010-11-21|title=Selected lines of the book "Ousmane Sembène Interviews"|last=Amekudji|first=Anoumou|date=23 October 2009|website=blog.cineafrique.org/|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=I interviewed Sembène Ousmane on July 25, 2006. We were supposed to meet again to continue the discussion and talk about other elements of his Cinema but he passed away at the beginning of June 2007.|language=}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?isbn=978-0-253-22151-3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506212522/http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?isbn=978-0-253-22151-3|archive-date=2011-05-06|title=Ousmane Sembène. The Making of a Militant Artist. Samba Gadjigo. Translated by Moustapha Diop. Foreword by Danny Glover|last=|first=|date=2010|website=iupress.indiana.edu|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, Indiana|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://maumaus.org/Films/Sembene.html|title=Sembène: The Making of African Cinema (1994)|last1=|first1=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=maumaus.org|publisher=Associação Maumaus - Centro de Contaminação Visual|location=Lisbon, Portugal|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=In this rich documentary, legendary Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembène reminisces about his career and discusses the craft of his films and novels.}} Review of the film by [[Manthia Diawara]] and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. ==== A French kɔkɔreŋ ==== * {{Cite web|url=http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/08/27/rencontre-avec-sembene-ousmane-ecrivain-cineaste-senegalais|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507030026/http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/08/27/rencontre-avec-sembene-ousmane-ecrivain-cineaste-senegalais|archive-date=2011-05-07|title=Rencontre avec Sembène Ousmane, écrivain-cinéaste sénégalais|last=Amekudji|first=Anoumou|date=|website=blog.cineafrique.org|publisher=|quote=Article paru dans l’hebdomadaire sénégalais, Weekend, l’hebdo du Quotidien, Semaine du 2 au 8 aout 2007|language=French|access-date=7 October 2023}}. One of the last interviews of Sembene Ousmane. * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=3854|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123050837/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=3854|archive-date=2006-11-23|first=Olivier|last=Barlet|title=La leçon de cinéma d'Ousmane Sembène au festival de Cannes 2005|date=27 May 2005|language=French|access-date=7 October 2023}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=5967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519185756/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=5967|archive-date=2011-05-19|title=Sembène, le mécréant|last=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=11 June 2007|website=africultures.com|publisher=africultures. Les mondes en relation|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=2506|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215656/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=2506|archive-date=26 September 2007|title=Entretien avec Ousmane Sembène|last=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=15 August 2007|website=africultures.com|publisher=africultures. Les mondes en relation|quote=|language=French|access-date=7 October 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2004/12/16/ousmane-sembene-le-dakarois-en-perpetuelle-revolte|title=LE PÈRE DU CINÉMA AFRICAIN. Ousmane Sembène, le Dakarois en perpétuelle révolte|date=15 December 2004|website=courrierinternational.com|publisher=Courier International|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} Ultimate source: International Herald Tribune. * {{Cite web|url=http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ousmane_sembene.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915070255/http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ousmane_sembene.html|archive-date=2007-09-15|title=Cinéma > Ousmane SEMBENE|website=senegalaisement.com|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} 6n0rqlr13flr90tz8bpujkrywmdayh9 0 6989 63683 61058 2026-08-03T18:55:31Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q126534316}} '''Highlife''' e la a Ghana neɛ yiele gɔɔloŋ naŋ taa yiibu zie na e coastal tenne a saŋa na [[Ghana]] a 19th century, yi a o dakore yeltare kyaare a colony yi a British ane a o nakoɔloŋ soe a coastal ziiri. O da taa la lambo gyamaa a African ziiri ane western jazz melodies.<ref name="Collins-1989">{{Cite journal|last=Collins|first=John|date=1989|title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273|journal=Popular Music|volume=8|issue=3|pages=221–230|doi=10.1017/S0261143000003524|jstor=931273|issn=0261-1430|url-access=subscription}}</ref> O da tone la a melodic ane a rhythmic structures a traditional African yiele, kyɛ o maŋ taa la ŋmeɛbo neŋ Western instruments. Highlife taa la yelsoore neŋ jazzy eele ane guitars naŋ vɛŋ a band ane o nubie ayi ŋmeɛbo a guitar gɔɔloŋ na be a African yiele. Yi a 2010s, te gaŋ a zaa a 2018 wagere, o da nyɛɛ s uptempo, synth-driven sound.<ref name="Eyre">Eyre, Banning (2006: 9). "Highlife guitar example" ''Africa: Your Passport to a New World of Music''. Alfred Pub. {{ISBN|0-7390-2474-4}}</ref><ref name="Peñalosa">Peñalosa, David (2010: 247). ''The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins''. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. {{ISBN|1-886502-80-3}}.</ref> Highlife da nyɛɛ bammo k'a genre yɛre pɔge a West African irigyin. Pioneers teseŋ Cardinal Rex Lawson, E.T. Mensah, Victor Uwaifo, a zaa naŋ taa voonoo kyaare a traditional Africa gaŋgaɛ ane western "Native Blues".<ref name="Collins-1989" /> A baaroo saŋa a Second World War, o gyamaa bammo da waɛ yi a Igbo noba a [[Nigeria]], ba naŋ da fere lantaa maale Igbo highlife naŋ da leɛ a ba teŋɛ yieluu naŋ taa gɔɔloŋ a 1960s.<ref name="SalmFalola2002">{{cite book |last1=Salm |first1=Steven J. |url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00salm |title=Culture and Customs of Ghana |last2=Falola |first2=Toyin |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2002 |isbn=9780313320507 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00salm/page/181 181]–185 |access-date=30 May 2017 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Highlife sereŋ eɛ yiele naŋ e a yielkpoŋ ko a Ghana noba ane a o diaspora teŋgbuli zaa yi a o lammo neŋ a puoruu ziiri ane a o yelsonne o naŋ taa kyaare a Ghana noba naŋ tuuro sori gɛrɛ zitɔbɔ.<ref name="Ruxandra-2014">{{Cite book |last=Ruxandra |first=Krüger, Simone Trandafoiu |url=https://worldcat.org/oclc/900017261 |title=The globalization of musics in transit : music migration and tourism |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-64007-7 |pages=252–266 |oclc=900017261}}</ref> A 2025, o da taa la bammo ka o e la saakommo yeltare yi a [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251217-ghana-s-highlife-finds-its-rhythm-on-unesco-world-stage|title=Ghana's Highlife finds its rhythm on UNESCO world stage|work=France 24|access-date=21 December 2025}}</ref> == Yelkorɔ == A ama mine arpeggiated highlife guitar da taa la eebo a baaroo saŋa ko a Afro-Cuban guajeo.<ref name="Eyre" /> A lammo zie da la a 3-2 ''clave motif'' guajeo aŋa ana wuli a puli kyɛ. A bell pattern naŋ taa bammo a Cuba a e ''clave'' yi la a Ghana, kyɛ maŋ taa la toma neŋ highlife.<ref name="Peñalosa" /> [[Duoro_kɔre:Highlife_guitar.tif|center|thumb|420x420px|Top: clave. Bottom: highlife guitar part ({{audio|Highlife guitar.mid|Play}}).]] A yizie ko a Highlife stem yi a colonialism ane a nakoɔloŋ a West Africa yi regional gɔɔroŋ ko a yielŋmeɛreba. === Palm wine yiele === Palm-wine yiele, meŋ na e maringa a Sierra Leone, e la a gɔɔloŋ kaŋa naŋ yi coastal zage be a yielŋmɛ bilii da piili tona neŋ boŋŋmeɛre naŋ na baŋ de gaa neŋ ziiri naŋ da taa waabo yi nakoɔloŋ deme kyɛ naŋ taa lammo neŋ local string ane percussion boma. O da maŋ taa ŋmeɛbo gyamaa a syncopated 4/4 metre. A yiele da taa la ŋmeɛbo ne low class palm-wine bars a ports be a sailors, dock tontomba, ane working class locals naŋ na nyuuro kyɛ naŋ kyɛlle a yiele. Palm-wine da taa la eebo a inland ane gyamaa zie a Africanized version da waɛ la a naŋ taa 12/8 polyrhythms; a subgenre meŋ na eɛ "Native Blues". A gɔɔloŋ ŋa naŋ taa la gyamaa bammo a World War II be a maaloo wagere naŋ da taa baroo.<ref name="Collins-1989" /> === Brass-band highlife === A gɔɔroŋ kyaare a highlife naŋ taa yitaaloŋ ne western brass bands a European forts a West Africa. A sogyare maŋ toŋ la yielŋmɛ-bilii ne a brass band regiments a wuli ba a ba linear makyi yiele. A yielŋmeɛreba bama zaa na da nyɛ lɛnɛɛ a West Indian regimental bandsmen naŋ da erɛ a bamenne yiele sere a ba peɛnoo vori poɔ, a da vɛŋɛɛ ka ba meŋ da erɛ bamenne deme. A makyi yiele paabo a polyrhythmic local music da tere la seɛre gɔɔloŋ naŋ e adaha, ane gɔɔloŋ ba naŋ de k'o e cheaper, local instruments naŋ e konkoma. A lammo da tɔglɛɛ a dɔgebo saŋa ko jazz a New Orleans.<ref name="Collins-1989" /> === Seɛre ane guitar band highlife === A 1920s, Ghana yielŋmeɛraba da de la naasaleba yeltare a foxtrot ane calypso ne Ghanaian rhythms teseŋ ''osibisaba'' (Fante).<ref name="SalmFalola2002" /> Highlife da laŋɛɛ a local African aristocracy yi a colonial wagere poɔ, kyɛ da taa ŋmeɛbo ne bands gyamaa teseŋ a Jazz Kings, [[Cape Coast Sugar Babies]], ane [[Accra]] Orchestra te paale a teŋɛ coast.<ref name="SalmFalola2002" /> A nentegre naŋ na ba kyɛllɛ a yiele a iribu kpaaroŋ poɔ da ko a yiele yuori. A seɛre orchestra wederɛ Yebuah Mensah (E.T. Mensah's yɔɔkpoŋ) da yeli ko la John Collins a 1973 ka a yelzu 'highlife' da taa la eebo a 1920s "na e yelŋmaa kyɛ-ŋmaara a orchestrated yiele a [exclusive] kpaaroŋ poɔ kyaare a seɛre bands a Jazz Kings, a Cape Coast Sugar Babies, a Sekondi Nanshamang ane a tasogɔ a Accra Orchestra. A noba naŋ be zitɔbɔ maŋ boɔle o la highlife bonso ba naŋ ba ta a noba banna naŋ na yi yeŋe, naŋ na ba seŋ ka ba yɔɔ kpeɛbo yɔɔbo naŋ na baŋ e 7s 6d (seven shillings ane sixpence), kyɛ meŋ ferɛ k'o yɛre zimaane bonsuuraa, te paale a top-hats ka bana na baŋ da a."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Collins |first=John |title=E. T. Mensah: King of Highlife |publisher=Off The Record Press |year=1986 |location=London |pages=10}}</ref> Jacob Asare (meŋ naŋ e Kwame Asare bee Jacob Sam) da la a Ghana yielŋmeɛra dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ ŋmɛ yiele na e highlife genre. A June 1928, ona ane a o kpaaroŋ, a Kumasi Trio, da yielee "Yaa Amponsah" (Amponsah Parts I & II) a London ko a Zonophone label. A yiele ama da eɛ a piiluu bondemannewulaa ko a Ghanaian guitar-band highlife.<ref name="AfricanResearch">{{cite web|title=Legends of Ghanaian Highlife Music: Kwame Asare (Jacob Sam)|url=https://african-research.com/research/music/legends-of-ghanaian-highlife-music-kwame-asare-jacob-sam-1903-1950s/|website=African Research Consult|access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="ScribdHistory">{{cite web|title=The Early History of Music Recording in Ghana|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/863564238/TheEarlyHistoryofMusicRecordinginGhana|website=Scribd|access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Afrisson">{{cite web|title=1928 - Jacob Sam (Kumasi Trio)|url=https://www.afrisson.com/1928-jacob-sam-kumasi-trio-10854/|website=Afrisson|access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> Yi a 1930s, highlife da yɛrɛɛ gaa a Ghana tontonneba naŋ be a Sierra Leone, Liberia, [[Nigeria]] ane Gambia ane bamine naŋ be West African tenne mine, be la k'a yieluu da nyɛɛ ŋmɛ-yaaroo. [[Duoro_kɔre:Armstrong-Mensahinvitation.jpg|thumb|An invitation to a concert featuring Louis Armstrong "from America" and E. T. Mensah and his Tempos Band "of West African Fame"]] A 1940s, a yiele da po-eŋɛɛ bɔgere ayi: dance band highlife ane guitar band highlife. Guitar band highlife da eɛ a band bilii ana ane, a piiluu saŋa, da taa la bammo yaga kori poore. Yi a dakore yeltare naŋ da be a stringed instruments teseŋ a seprewa a irigyin poɔ, yielŋmeɛreba poore da pɛlɛɛ la ka ba da tonne a guitar. Ba meŋ da tone la a ''dagomba'' style, ba naŋ da sɔre yi Kru sailors naŋ yi Liberia, ka ba maale a highlife's nubie ayi deɛbo gɔɔloŋ.<ref name="SalmFalola2002" /> Guitar band highlife meŋ da paalɛɛ, drums ane claves. E.K. Nyame ane a o Akan Trio da soŋ vɛŋɛɛ a guitar band highlife taa bammo ko gyamaa,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yIHfybGz5HoC&q=ek+nyame&pg=PA21 Musicmakers of West] 1985 publisher Lynne Rienner Publishers {{ISBN|978-0-89410-075-8}}</ref> kyɛ naŋ taa ŋmɛyaaroo kyaare a 400 yiele sere a Nyame's lifetime.<ref name="SalmFalola2002" /> Dance band highlife, maale da bebe la tembɛrɛ poore. A zɔɔre baaroo saŋa, seɛre kpoŋ kaŋa a orchestras da piili taa la leɛroo neŋ smaller professional dance bands, E.T. Mensah ane a Tempos. A naasaleba naŋ da gaa, a kyɛlkyɛlba gyamaa da la Ghana noba, ane yieluu naŋ na maŋ maana ba sikyie. Mensah's fame da gaa la nimitɔɔre o naŋ da ŋmɛ a Louis Armstrong a Accra a May 1956, a da nyɛ o yokpɛgelaa, a "King of Highlife".<ref name="SalmFalola2002" /> Yelsoŋ naŋ da e a 1950s da la a King Bruce, naŋ da e a band wederɛ ko a Black Beats. A piiluu saŋa bands mine la, a Red Spots, a Rhythm Aces, a Ramblers ane Broadway-Uhuru. === A Ghanaian diaspora === Libiri naŋe zuiŋ da la vɛŋ k'a Ghana noba da tu a sori a baaroo wagere a 1960s a da boɔrɔ toŋgyamaa kyɛ a political instability na da e a 1970s ane 1980s da ko la gyamaa wahala ane yiele ŋmeɛreba gyamaa ka ba yi maale zie ko a Germany noba yi a teŋɛ maaroŋ zuiŋ kyaare sori tuuribo mere lambori.<ref name="Ruxandra-2014" /> ==== Burger highlife ==== Ghana noba na be Germany da maalɛɛ a secular style ko highlife naŋ da laŋ a yiele neŋ funk, disco, ane synth-pop. O da taa la sagedeebo neŋ burger highlife bonso Ghana teŋkponne gyamaa zie da kpeɛrɛ la a Hamburg. A yiele paa da eɛ kpaaroŋ neŋ noba naŋ tu sori lantaa Germany ane Ghana. O meŋ da naŋ taa la mannoo neŋ tontomboma mine naŋ e modern technologies; a baaroo saŋa a 1990s, bommaaloo yoŋ da la fintindigili boma. ==== Gospel highlife ==== Da e la yiele soŋ karaa kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana noba ane a o diaspora, gospel highlife da lee la burger highlife yi o naŋ da maŋ kyaare saakonnoŋ ane puoruu yeltare. A yiele gaa tɔgele la burger highlife kyɛ o daanoo da yie Charismatic Christianity ane Pentecostalism. O tona naŋ be a tenne seɛre da kyaarɛɛ puoruu yie naŋ moɔrɔ ka ba maale social ane cultural zie ko Ghanaian diaspora a Germany. == Jazz na be Ghana == === 1950s === E.T. Mensah ane Kofi Ghanaba e la yiele ŋmɛkaraa sere na be a Ghana. Yi a 1950s, famous jazz yielŋmeɛra da wa la a Ghana, teseŋ Ahmad Jamal ane Louis Armstrong na taa ŋmeɛbo a Ghana (1956 ane 1960). Armstrong's All Stars mɛmba Edmond Hall da wa la Ghana a 1959 k'o wa maale short-lived jazz a Accra. Guy Warren da e la yiele ŋmeɛra naŋ e E.T. Mensah ane a Tempos kyɛ baŋ gaa a America kyɛ na laŋ tona neŋ yiele ŋmeɛreba Red Saunders ka maale a album ''Africa Speaks, America Answers'', ane meŋ la ŋmɛ a Duke Ellington a Chicago ta wagere mine. Warren da ta daanoo yi o naŋ da ŋmɛ a highlife ko a United States k'o wanne a African-American yielŋmeɛreba a Africa, ka ba leɛ baŋ a African yeltare naŋ be a Afro-American yiele poɔ da taa la faabo kyɛ ka ba da baŋ e a "''African musical renaissance''" a baaroo wagere poɔ na da e a '50s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kelley |first=Robin D. G. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674065246 |title=Africa Speaks, America Answers |date=2012-03-01 |isbn=9780674046245 |pages=11–40 |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674065246}}</ref> === Yiele mine === Yizie:<ref>[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/jazz-ghana Jazz in Ghana] Retrieved 27 January 2021</ref> * Pianist Randy Weston yiele yuori na e ''Highlife'' a 1963, featuring compositions yi West African musicians Bobby Benson ("Niger Mambo") ane Guy Warren (Kofi Ghanaba) ("Mystery of Love"). * Saxophonist Pharoah Sanders yiele yuori naŋ e "High Life" a ''Rejoice'' (1981). * Guitarist Sonny Sharrock taa la yiele naŋ e "Highlife" a album meŋ na taa yuori yeni (1990). * Craig Harris (trombone) taa la yieluu yuori na e "High Life" a album ''F-Stops'' (1993). == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * [[Forms of Ghanaian highlife]] == Sommo yizie == {{Reflist|30em}} == Nimitɔɔre Kannoo == * {{cite book |author-last=Collins |author-first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/musicmakersofwes00coll |title=Music Makers of West Africa |publisher=Three Continents Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-89410-076-9 |location=Washington (DC) |url-access=registration}} also Colorado:Passeggiata Press. * {{cite book |author-last=Collins |author-first=John |title=West African Pop Roots |url=https://archive.org/details/westafricanpopro0000coll |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1992 |isbn=0-87722-916-3 |location=Philadelphia}} * {{cite book |author-last=Collins |author-first=John |title=E. T. Mensah King of Highlife |publisher=Anansesem |year=1996 |isbn=9-98855-217-3}} * {{cite book |author-last=Collins |author-first=John |title=Highlife Giants: West African Dance Band Pioneers |url=https://archive.org/details/highlifegiantswe0000john |publisher=Cassava Republic Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-978-50238-1-7 |location=Abuja (Nigeria)}} [[Gbuli:AfroCurationGhana2026]] [[Gbuli:Yiele]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛl zaa]] njbi4js3tlbvy5nsbf4aibifxqzkpx0 0 7085 63666 62014 2026-08-03T18:36:56Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1547788}} A '''Mysteries of Osiris'''<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Osirism</ref>, meŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ also '''Osirism''', da e la kiristabiiri tigiri ka ba maŋ di o Egypt poɔ ka ba leɛ teɛre Osiris kuuobo yɛlɛ. A tigiri yelboɔraa la ka tage sɛgere ziiri tɛɛtɛɛ, kyɛ a sɛgebo nimizie la a yeltuuri na naŋ be a Osiris a Khoiak kyuu poɔ aane a yelwonni na naŋ bebe a Middle Kindom yelsɛgere poɔ da da wa a Ptolemaic wagere na poɔ a Dendera misa saazu. A Egyptian puoruu poɔ, dambeɛ ane yelsogelaa maŋ taa la lantaa. A ŋaa zuiŋ, a yeltuuri deɛ da ba nempaaleba de poɔ yoŋ a ŋa ba naŋ da maŋ bare ko a faara, a neɛ na yoŋ naŋ seŋ ne ka o kpɛ a disoŋ poɔ. A yele na naŋ daŋ koŋ baŋ enne zaa, gbɛɛ yaga a maŋ e yelnimizie, la a Osiris eŋɛ. A yi a Osiran yipɔge poɔ, a kuu eŋgane ŋa maŋ biŋ la a Duat,. Tensogɔ zaa, a yeltuuri ama poɔ, Ra, a ŋmaa ŋmene, maŋ wa la a be wa laŋ ne a Osiris a waa ŋa ŋmenaa. {| class="wikitable" |+'''Summary table of the two Cynopolitan traditions concerning the relics found by Anubis, Isis and Thoth''' !Discovery Day !Disjointed Limb (Relic) !Place of discovery |- !19 Khoiak |1 - 2/ Head |1 - 2/ Abydos |- !20 Khoiak |1 - 2/ Eyes |1/ Eastern Ghebel |- !21 Khoiak |1 - 2/ Jaws |2/ <abbr>3rd</abbr> of Upper Egypt |- !22 Khoiak |1/ Neck 2/ arms |1/ Western Ghebel 2/? |- !23 Khoiak |1/ Heart 2/ Intestines |1/ Athribis 2/ Pithom |- !24 Khoiak |1/ Intestines 2/ Lungs |1/ Pithom 2/ Béhédet du Delta |- !25 Khoiak |1/ Lungs 2/ Phallus |1/ Delta marshes 2/ Mendès |- !26 Khoiak |1/ Jaws 2/ Two legs |1/ in a ''gejet'' plant 2/ Iakémet |- !27 Khoiak |1/ Leg 2/ Fingers |1/ Eastern region 2/ 13th and 14th <abbr>Nomes</abbr> of Upper Egypt |- !28 Khoiak |1/ Phallus 2/ Arm |1/ Middle region 2/ <abbr>22nd Nome</abbr> of Upper Egypt |- !29 Khoiak |1/ Viscera 2/ Heart |1/? 2/ Athribis you participate |- !30 Khoiak |1/ Arms 2/ Four canopies |1/? 2/? |- !, Khoiak |2/ Flagellum |2/ Letopolis |- !, Khoiak |2/ Heka-scepter |2/ Heliopolis |} ==== Ane Seker ==== ''A Seker'' (bee ''Sekeris'') maŋ areko la a Osiris Naa a o naaloŋ poɔ ka Naaŋmene naaloŋ kyɛ e neɛ na kaara a kuuni. A yi a Émile Chassinat, a ''Seker'' ''e la bone naŋ maŋ areko a'' Osiris eŋɛ ka a Set maŋ maale kyɛ leɛ e a Isis. A bonaraa ŋa maŋ maale la yagetɛnɛɛ, ka boma gyamaa meŋ maŋ poɔ a lanne kusibe lizare ne anaare ane minarasi. A Seker meɛbo maŋ e la wogi aŋa a ''Khenti-Amentiu'', ka ba bonyeni cubit (52.5 <abbr>cm</abbr> ). Kyɛ o maŋ e la tɛɛtɛɛ. A zie kaŋa ba maŋ di la mɛ ne a niŋɛ kyɛ de a ka a kyɛlɛɛ na meŋ mɛ a zie kaŋa. Ka a zaa lantaa, a Seker maŋ waa la a mummy naŋ taa nensaalaa zu ka su boma, ane gbeɛɛ kyɛ taa a crosier o nuure zaa ayi poɔ ane a dagaraa o nyaa poɔ (gane <abbr>III</abbr>, 32- 33). A ''Mysteries of Osiris'' yeltuuri maŋ vɛŋ la ka te taa boma ata a yi yagetɛnɛɛ na ba naŋ maŋ de maale o (gane <abbr>III</abbr>, 33-35; gane <abbr>VI</abbr>, 117-121 ane gane <abbr>VII</abbr>, 135-144), naŋ maŋ kɔɔre, a mannoo la a pareŋ kyɛ naŋ tu. <blockquote>Maale mummy ne nensaalaa nuure naŋ eŋ ŋmene kpeɛbo zɔpile ane ibes zu maaloo, ka ba vɔgele o uraeus, ka o derɛ a heka ane flabellum, ka o yuori be kaŋa zaa poɔ aŋa a naŋ tu lɛ “Horus Arbitrator of ko s Double teŋɛ pɔmbo, Osiris lord a Busiris, Onnophris Khentymentyou, ŋmene kpoŋ ko a Abydos”. De: Date pulp, tɛnɛɛ, ''khait'' ''ayɔpoi ka kaŋa zaa e'' 1/3 . De: koɔ naŋ yi Andjti nome ane a sacred bulee, wager 2 ne 1/2 . Bɔ 1/3 ''Khait'' .</blockquote> == Bibliography == === General === {{refbegin|30em}} <!-- A --> * {{Cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |title=L'Égypte ancienne: entre mémoire et science |date=2009 |publisher=Hazan Musée du Louvre éd |isbn=978-2-7541-0395-4 |series=La chaire du Louvre |location=Paris}} * {{Cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |title=Mort et au-delà dans l'Égypte ancienne |date=2003 |publisher=Éd. du Rocher |isbn=978-2-268-04358-6 |series=Champollion |location=Monaco] [Paris}} * {{Cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |title=Religio duplex: comment les Lumières ont réinventé la religion des Égyptiens |date=2013 |publisher=Aubier |isbn=978-2-7007-0427-3 |series=Collection historique |location=Paris}} * {{Cite web |last=Association les Amis de l'Égypte Ancienne |date=2000 |title=Osiris végétant |url=http://kemit.perso.neuf.fr/toutankhamon/osiris_nebride.htm |website=kemit.perso.neuf.fr |access-date=2024-04-21 |archive-date=2009-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214011757/http://kemit.perso.neuf.fr/toutankhamon/osiris_nebride.htm |url-status=}} * {{Cite web |last=Aufrère |first=Sydney H. |date=1993 |title=Le cosmos, le minéral, le végétal et le divin |url=https://www.mom.fr/bulletin_loret/viewer.php?id_b=7&id_a=35#page/9/mode/1up |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée}} * {{Cite journal |last=Aufrère |first=Sydney H. |date=1997 |title=L'Univers minéral dans la pensée égyptienne: essai de synthèse et perspectives |journal=Archéo-Nil |pages=113–144}} * {{Cite book |last=Aufrère |first=Sydney Hervé |title=Encyclopédie religieuse de l'univers végétal: croyances phytoreligieuses de l'Égypte ancienne |date=1999 |publisher=Université Paul Valéry-Montpellier 3 |isbn=978-2-84269-310-7 |series=Orientalia monspeliensia |location=Montpellier}} * {{Cite book |last=Aufrère |first=Sydney Hervé |title=Thot Hermès l'Égyptien: de l'infiniment grand à l'infiniment petit |date=2007 |publisher=Association Kubaba l'Harmattan |isbn=978-2-296-04639-9 |series=Collection Kubaba |location=Paris Paris}} * {{Cite book |last1=Aufrère |first1=Sydney |title=L'Egypte restituée |last2=Golvin |first2=Jean-Claude |last3=Goyon |first3=Jean Claude |date=1991 |publisher=Editions Errance |isbn=978-2-87772-063-2 |location=Paris}} <!-- B --> * {{Cite book |last=Betrò |first=Marilina |title=Hiéroglyphes: les mystères de l'écriture |date=1995 |publisher=Flammarion |isbn=978-2-08-012465-4 |location=Paris}} * {{Cite book |last=Blavatsky |first=Helena Petrovna |title=Isis dévoilée: clef des mystères de la science et de la théologie anciennes et modernes |orig-year=1877|year=2013 |publisher=Hachette Livre BNF |isbn=978-2012849280}} * {{Cite book |title=Ancient Egyptian magical texts |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptianm0000unse |date=1978 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-05848-4 |editor-last=Borghouts |editor-first=Joris F. |series=Nisaba |location=Leiden}} * {{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/840466501 |title=Les cultes isiaques dans le monde gréco-romain |date=2013 |publisher=Les Belles Lettres |isbn=978-2-251-33969-6 |editor-last=Bricault |editor-first=Laurent |series=La roue à livres/Documents |location=Paris |oclc=840466501}} <!-- C --> * {{Cite book |last=Cauville |first=Sylvie |title=L'offrande aux dieux dans le temple égyptien |date=2011 |publisher=Peeters |isbn=978-90-429-2568-7 |location=Leuven; Walpole, MA}} * {{Cite book |last=Corteggiani |first=Jean Pierre |title=L'Égypte ancienne et ses dieux: dictionnaire illustré |date=2007 |publisher=Fayard |isbn=978-2-213-62739-7 |location=Paris}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Coulon |first1=Laurent |last2=Leclère |first2=François |last3=Marchand |first3=Sylvie |date=1995 |title="Catacombes" osiriennes de Ptolémée IV à Karnak. Rapport préliminaire de la campagne de fouilles 1993 |url=https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.e40eor82 |journal=Cahiers de Karnak |volume=10 |pages=205–251 |doi=10.34847/NKL.E40EOR82}} <!-- D --> * {{Cite book |last=Dachez |first=Roger |title=Les rites maçonniques égyptiens |date=2012 |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |isbn=978-2-13-058198-7 |series=Que sais-je ? |location=Paris}} * {{Cite journal |last=Derchain |first=Philippe |date=1962 |title=Le Papyrus Salt 825, rituel pour la conservation de la vie |journal=Palais des Académies}} <!-- F --> * {{Cite book |last=Frazer |first=James George |title=Le rameau d'or |date=1998 |publisher=R. Laffont |isbn=978-2-221-08847-0 |series=Bouquins |location=Paris}} <!-- G --> * {{Cite book |last=Gemeinde |first=Elvira |title=Les francs-maçons enfants de la veuve et les mystères d'Isis |date=2012 |publisher=MdV éd |isbn=978-2-35599-111-0 |series=Les symboles maçonniques |location=Paris}} * {{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Jean Charles Coovi |date=2012 |title=Teaser université virtuelle des savoirs |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynWAcZd02Eg |website=Afropolis-Youtube}} * {{Cite web |last=Goyon |first=Jean Claude |date=2007 |title=Deux pionniers lyonnais de la Paléoécologie de la Vallée du Nil égyptien : Victor Loret (1859-1946) et Louis Lortet (1836-1909). La constitution de la collection égyptienne du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon |url=http://www.museedesconfluences.fr/musee/conferences_colloques/colloques/2007_histoire_collections/actes/goyon.htm |url-status=dead |website=museedesconfluences.fr |access-date=2024-04-21 |archive-date=2008-11-24 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20081125000000/http://www.museedesconfluences.fr/musee/conferences_colloques/colloques/2007_histoire_collections/actes/goyon.htm}} <!-- H --> * {{Cite web |last=Herbin |first=François-René |date=1988 |title=Les premières pages du papyrus Salt 825 », BIFAO, vol. 88, p. 95-112 |url=https://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/88/ |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.ifao.egnet.net}} <!-- K --> * {{Cite web |last=Koemoth |first=Pierre |date=2006 |title=Service d'Égyptologie - P. Koemoth |url=http://www.egypto.ulg.ac.be/recherches/Koemoth.htm |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.egypto.ulg.ac.be}} <!-- L --> * {{Cite book |last=Lalouette |first=Claire |title=Contes et récits de l'Egypte ancienne |date=1995 |publisher=Flammarion |isbn=978-2-08-210270-4 |location=Paris}} * {{Cite book |last=Leclère |first=François |title=Le quartier de l'Osireion de Karnak |date=2005 |publisher=Analyse du contexte topographique}} * {{Cite journal |last=Loret |first=Victor |date=1951 |title=Le mille-pattes et la chaise à porteurs de pharaon |journal=Revue d'Égyptologie |volume=6 |pages=5–20}} <!-- M --> * {{Cite book |last=Masquelier-Loorius |first=Julie |title=Séthi Ier et le début de la XIXe dynastie |date=2013 |publisher=Pygmalion |isbn=978-2-7564-0058-7 |series=Les grands pharaons |location=Paris}} * {{Cite web |last=Montoumès |date=2009 |title=Osiris végétant |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fegyptopedia.fr%2Fentree.php%3Flettre%3DO%26entree%3DOsiris%2520v%25C3%25A9g%25C3%25A9tant |website=Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'Égypte antique}} <!-- O --> * {{Cite web |last=Ordre de la Rose-Croix |date=1998 |title=Histoire du Rosicrucianisme |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rose-croix.org%2Fhistoire%2Fhistoire_rc_1.html#google_vignette |url-status=dead |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=Ordre de la Rose-Croix |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421033120/https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http://www.rose-croix.org/histoire/histoire_rc_1.html#google_vignette}} <!-- R --> * {{Cite book |last=Roeder |first=Günther |title=Zwei hieroglyphische Inschriften aus Hermopolis (Ober-Ägypten) |date=1952 |publisher=Annales du service des antiquités de l'Égypte (ASAÉ) |edition=52}} * {{Cite web |last=Rothenflug |first=Robert |date=2013 |title=Osiris Gisant |url=https://www.lesphotosderobert.com/Egypte/Abydos/Histoire/osiris_gisant.htm |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.lesphotosderobert.com}} <!-- S --> * {{Cite journal |last=Salmon |first=William |date=1754 |title=Esprit Gobineau de Montluisant, Énigmes et Hiéroglyphes |journal=Bibliothèque des Philosophes chimiques |via=Paris, A.Cailleau}} * {{Cite journal |last=Servajean |first=Frédéric |date=1999 |title=Enquête sur la palmeraie de Bouto (I): Les lymphes d'Osiris et la résurrection végétale |journal=Univers végétal}} * {{Cite journal |last=Servajean |first=Frédéric |date=2009 |title=Le cycle du ba dans le Rituel de l'Embaumement |journal=ENiM |pages=9–23}} <!-- U --> * {{Cite web |last=UCLA |date=2008 |title=Digital Karnak: Feature - Osiris Catacombs |url=http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/feature/OsirisCatacombs |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=wayback.archive-it.org |archive-date=2009-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426105342/http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/feature/OsirisCatacombs |url-status=}} * {{Cite web |last=Université de Barcelone |date=2010 |title=Oxyrhynchus |url=http://www.ub.edu/museuvirtual/visita-virtual-oxirrinc/el-jaciment.php?idi=EN |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506014742/http://www.ub.edu/museuvirtual/visita-virtual-oxirrinc/el-jaciment.php?idi=EN#suburbis |archive-date=2014-05-06}} {{refend}} === Khoiak rituals === {{refbegin|30em}} <!-- B --> * {{Cite book |last=Barguet |first=Paul |title=Le papyrus N. 3176 (S) du musée du Louvre |date=1962 |publisher=Le Caire, IFAO}} <!-- C --> * {{Cite journal |last=Cauville |first=Sylvie |date=1988 |title=Les mystères d'Osiris à Dendera: Interprétation des chapelles osiriennes |journal=BSFE, Paris, Société française d'égyptologie |volume=112 |pages=23–36}} * {{Cite book |last=Cauville |first=Sylvie |title=Le temple de Dendara: les chapelles osiriennes |date=1997 |publisher=Institut français d'archéologie orientale diff. Impr. nationale |isbn=978-2-7247-0199-9 |location=Le Caire Paris}} * {{Cite book |last=Chassinat |first=Émile |title=Le mystère d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak |date=1966 |publisher=Le Caire, IFAO}} * {{Cite book |last=Chassinat |first=Émile |title=Le mystère d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak |date=1968 |publisher=Le Caire, IFAO}} * {{Cite journal |last=Colin |first=Frédéric |date=2003 |title=Le parfumeur (pa ant), Document 3. Les rites funéraires d'Osiris sur le toit de Philæ, au ive siècle de notre ère |journal=BIFAO, le Caire, IFAO |volume=103}} <!-- D --> * {{Cite journal |last=Derchain |first=Philippe |date=1964 |title=Le papyrus Salt 825 (British Museum 10051): rituel pour la conservation de la vie en Égypte |journal=Palais des Académies, Bruxelles}} <!-- E --> * {{Cite journal |last=Eaton |first=Katherine J. |date=2006 |title=The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in the Month of Khoiak: The Evidence from Nineteenth Dynasty Royal Monuments at Abydos |journal=Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Helmut Buske Verlag |volume=35}} <!-- G --> * {{Cite journal |last1=Gaballa |first1=G. A. |last2=Kitchen |first2=K. A. |date=1969 |title=The festival of Sokar |journal=Faculty of Ancient Oriental Studies, Pontifical Biblical Institute}} * {{Cite book |last=Goyon |first=Jean-Claude |title=Le cérémonial de glorification d'Osiris du papyrus du Louvre I. 3079 (colonnes 110 à 112) |date=1967 |publisher=BIFAO, Le Caire |volume=65}} * {{Cite journal |last=Goyon |first=Jean-Claude |date=1978 |title=La fête de Sokaris à Edfou. À la lumière d'un texte liturgique remontant au Nouvel Empire |journal=BIFAO, le Caire |volume=78}} <!-- L --> * {{Cite journal |last=Loret |first=Victor |date=1882 |title=Les fêtes d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak |journal=Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l'archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes |url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/rectrav1882/0053/image,info |location=Paris |publisher=IFAO |pages=43–57}} <!-- Y --> * {{Cite journal |last=Yoyotte |first=Jean |date=1977 |title=Religion de l'Egypte ancienne. I. La cuve osirienne de Coptos |journal=AEPHE |volume=86}} {{refend}} === Osiris === {{refbegin|30em}} <!-- A --> * {{Cite journal |last=Assmann |first=Jan |date=2000 |title=Re-Membering Osiris: From the Death cult to Cultural Memory |url=https://journals.openedition.org/bifao/12872?lang=en |journal=ReMembering the Body, Hatje Cantz |issue=122 |pages=44–78|doi=10.4000/bifao.12872 |doi-access=free }} <!-- B --> * {{Cite book |last=Beinlich |first=Horst |title=Die "Osirisreliquien": zum Motiv der Körperzergliederung in der altägyptischen Religion |date=1984 |publisher=Harrassowitz |isbn=978-3-447-02498-3 |series=Ägyptologische Abhandlungen |location=Wiesbaden}} <!-- C --> * {{Cite book |last=Claus |first=Benoit |title=L' acqua nell'Antico Egitto: vita, rigenerazione, incantesimo, medicamento; proceedings of the First International conference for Young Egyptologists, Italy, Chainciano Terme, October 15 - 18, 2003 |date=2005 |publisher=L'Erma di Bretschneider |isbn=978-88-8265-307-1 |editor-last=Amenta |editor-first=Alessia |series=Egitto antico Atti |location=Roma |chapter=Osiris et Hapi: crue et régénération en Égypte ancienne}} * {{Cite journal |last=Coulon |first=Laurent |date=2005 |title=Les reliques d'Osiris en Egypte ancienne: données générales et particularismes thébains |journal=Berne}} * {{Cite journal |last=Coulon |first=Laurent |date=2008 |title=Le tombeau d'Osiris à travers les textes magiques du Nouvel Empire |journal=BiEtud 145: Mélanges offerts à François Neveu, le Caire}} * {{Cite journal |last=Coulon |first=Laurent |date=2010 |title=Le culte d'Osiris au Ier millénaire av. J.-C.: découvertes et travaux récents, Actes de la table ronde internationale tenue à Lyon, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée |journal=Université Lumière-Lyon 2}} * {{Cite journal |last=Coulon |first=Laurent |date=2013 |title=Osiris chez Hérodote |journal=Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée}} <!-- G --> * {{Cite book |last=Graindorge-Héreil |first=Catherine |title=Le Dieu Sokar à Thèbes au Nouvel Empire - Tome 2: Planches |date=1994 |publisher=Harrassowitz |isbn=978-3-447-03476-0 |series=Göttinger Orientforschungen GOF. Reihe 4, Ägypten |location=Wiesbaden}} <!-- K --> * {{Cite book |last=Kettel |first=Jeannot |title=Hommages à Jean Leclant |date=1994 |publisher=Institut français d'archéologie orientale |isbn=978-2-7247-0134-0 |editor-last=Leclant |editor-first=Jean |series=Bibliothéque d'étude |location=Le Caire |language=fr, en, de, it |chapter=Canopes, rḏw.w d'Osiris et Osiris-Canope |editor-last2=Berger |editor-first2=Catherine |editor-last3=Clerc |editor-first3=Gisèle |editor-last4=Grimal |editor-first4=Nicolas-Christophe}} * {{Cite book |last=Koemoth |first=Pierre |title=Osiris et les arbres: Contribution à l'étude des arbres sacrés de l'Égypte ancienne |date=1994}} <!-- L --> * {{Cite journal |last=Lavier |first=Marie-Christine |date=1998 |title=Les fêtes d'Osiris à Abydos au Moyen Empire et au Nouvel Empire |journal=Égypte, Afrique et Orient, Avignon |volume=10}} * {{Cite journal |last=Lippert |first=Sandra L. |date=2012 |title=L'étiologie de la fabrication des statuettes osiriennes au mois de Khoiak et le Rituel de l'ouverture de la bouche d'après le papyrus Jumilhac |journal=ENIM 5, Montpellier}} <!-- P --> * {{Cite book |last=Pantalacci |first=Laure |title=Recherches sur Osiris démembré |date=1981 |publisher=Université Paris IV}} {{refend}} === Translations === {{refbegin|30em}} <!-- B --> * {{Cite book |title=Le livre des morts des anciens Egyptiens |date=1967 |publisher=Éds. du CERF |isbn=978-2-204-01354-3 |editor-last=Barguet |editor-first=Paul |series=Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient |location=Paris}} * {{Cite book |title=Les Textes des sarcophages égyptiens du Moyen Empire |date=1986 |publisher=Cerf |isbn=978-2-204-02332-0 |editor-last=Barguet |editor-first=Paul |series=Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient |location=Paris}} <!-- D --> * {{Cite book |last=De Sicile |first=Diodore |title=Bibliothèque historique |date=1851 |publisher=Paris, Adolphe Delahays Libraire |translator-last=Hoefer |translator-first=Ferd.}} <!-- F --> * {{Cite book |last=Fermat |first=André |title=Le rituel de la maison de vie: Papyrus Salt 825 |date=2010 |publisher=MdV éd |isbn=978-2-35599-052-6 |series=Collection Égypte ancienne |location=Paris}} <!-- H --> * {{Cite journal |last=Herbin |first=François-René |date=1982 |title=Hymne à la lune croissante |journal=BIFAO |volume=82}} <!-- L --> * {{Cite book |title=Textes sacrés et textes profanes de l'ancienne Egypte |date=1994 |publisher=Gallimard |isbn=978-2-07-071176-5 |editor-last=Lalouette |editor-first=Claire |series=Collection UNESCO d'œuvres représentatives |location=Paris}} <!-- P --> * {{Cite book |last=Plutarque |title=Isis et Osiris |date=1979 |publisher=Éditions de la Maisnie |isbn=978-2-85707-045-0 |edition=Fac-sim. |location=Paris |translator-last=Meunier |translator-first=Mario |trans-title=Isis et Osiris}} <!-- V --> * {{Cite journal |last=Vandier |first=Jacques |date=1961 |title=Le Papyrus Jumilhac |journal=CNRS}} * {{Cite book |title=Chants d'amour de l'Egypte antique |date=1992 |publisher=Impr. nationale éditions |isbn=978-2-11-081147-9 |editor-last=Vernus |editor-first=Pascal |series=La Salamandre |location=Paris}} {{refend}} == '''Sommo yizie''' == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Tigiri]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Tige]] 4xmlr2wgia64gvgvbcd9qnmdnu2ndi7 0 7222 63675 62124 2026-08-03T18:46:47Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260803)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q851208}} [[Duoro_kɔre:Budapesti_Tavaszi_Fesztivál,_Vörösmarty_tér_(3).JPG|thumb|Festival at the Vörösmarty Square]] '''Budapest Spring Festival''' ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Budapesti Tavaszi Fesztivál'', e la a major arts festival ko Budapest, [[Hungary]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://visitbudapest.travel/budapest-events/budapest-spring-festival/|title=Budapest Spring Festival|publisher=Visit Budapest|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111224721/http://visitbudapest.travel/budapest-events/budapest-spring-festival/|archive-date=11 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> naŋ taa sommo yi a gɔbena zie. A tigiri maale pukyaare la yiele kyɛ maale e kpoŋ te gaale a Budapest Autumn Festival, na kyaare a modern ane avant-garde performances.<ref>{{cite book |title=Budapest |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781741796902 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |year=2012}}</ref> == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Tigiri]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Tige]] == Ziiri mine sommo == * [http://btf.hu/ Budapest Spring Festival website] itjb4hzhkd5e2wh7ikkamzd7dr2ql6q 0 7268 63646 63359 2026-08-03T15:52:41Z Vision L1 19 63646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q3647314}} [[Duoro kɔre:Buridda di seppie 01.jpg|thumb]] '''''Buridda''''' e la Italian mane poɔ zeɛre naŋ yi a Liguria irigyin a Italy poɔ.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, David (14 July 2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0ea-0q16T0EC&pg=PA74 Perfect Order.] Xlibris Corporation. p. 74. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4568-4434-9</nowiki>.</ref> A mine maaloo maŋ maa la eŋɛ kyɛ dɔge kyɛ ka a mine meŋ maŋ baŋ duŋ la wieoŋ,<ref name=":1">Kafka, Barbara (January 1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MEifqCLtyh8C&pg=PA260 Soup: A Way of Life]. Artisan Books. p. 260. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-57965-125-1</nowiki>.</ref> ane ka a mine maŋ doŋ la weio a na baŋ de la mitiri (9–10 ).<ref name=":2">Giannatempo, Laura (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UKl8ZDOKAOoC&pg=PT110 A Ligurian Kitchen]. Hippocrene Books. p. 105. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7818-1171-2</nowiki>.</ref> Ba maŋ la maane a la ka a e mui zeɛre,<ref name=":1" /> bee ka a waa ŋa a mui zeɛre waabo na.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Boma ba naŋ maŋ de maale ne ane lɛ a naŋ maŋ maale == ''Buridda''<nowiki/>'s zeɛre boma meŋɛ la mane bondirii, zomo,komie, gyɛnlee, ane galiki.<ref name=":2" /> Saakonoo poɔ, a zeɛre maŋ ba maŋ di la ''gallette del marinaio'' (dry, round bread buns), ba naŋ maŋ sɛ.<ref name=":2" /> Pampana ŋa, paanuo meŋ na ba ɔɔ ne la a zeɛre.<ref name=":2" /> A na ba taa la zommo tɛɛtɛɛ, ane a mane bondirii mine aŋa eel, squid,<ref name=":3">[https://books.google.com/books?id=FyMqXRYSkEEC&pg=PA69 Fish stews]. Saveur Magazine. 3 December 2008. p. 69. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8118-6574-6</nowiki>.</ref> clams bee mussels.<ref name=":2" /> A maale weoi na baŋ dɔŋ la ne zonkoɔne ane dankyele.<ref name=":3" /> == Tɛɛtɛɛ == ''Buridda alla genovese'' ''e la a tɛɛtɛɛ kaŋa naŋ maŋ maale ne ne a zeɛre boma na, a meŋ na baŋ taa'' shrimp ane octopus.<ref name=":4">Stratton, Adele (February 2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=atNvDEiPzyQC&pg=PA180 DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Italy]. Penguin. p. 180. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7566-7275-1</nowiki>.</ref> Ba maŋ manne a la ka a e lisiri bondirii a yi Genoa".<ref name=":4" /> Cioppino e la Italian-American mane zeɛre naŋ da wa a yuoni 1800s a San Francisco poɔ, a yi Genoa, o e la a ''buridda'' ''kaŋa.''<ref>Riely, Elizabeth (1988-04-24). "[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/24/travel/fare-of-the-country-cioppino-fish-stew-from-the-pacific.html Fare of the Country; Cioppino: Fish Stew From the Pacific".] The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-12.</ref> ''Buridda'' ''taa la yitaaloŋ ne'' ibourride, zommo zeɛre ko a Provence ane a ''burrida'' a Sardinia, bondirii ba naŋ maŋ maale ne mane zommo nɛne. == Meŋ la nyɛ == * [[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|link=|alt=flag|border|class=noviewer|32x32px]]Italy portal * [[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=skin-invert-image noviewer|32x32px]]Food portal * Cuisine of Liguria * List of Italian soups * List of stews * Fish stew == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] 1hnep97zn3haii3jqq29p71id3by0bi 0 7322 63648 63443 2026-08-03T16:04:37Z ~2026-42190-86 1885 63648 wikitext text/x-wiki A Bolgatanga Technical University BTU, (noba yaga naŋ baŋ na ne o ka Bolgatanga Politeɛne) e la gyamaa sakuuri na be a Upper East  region Ghana paaloŋ a West Africa poɔ.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/education/poly.html</ref> A Yunivaniti ŋa zannoo  ne ba zannoo bɔgere  da duoro  la saa. A Ghana yidandɔɔ Kore John Dramani Mahama <ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/president-okays-conversion-of-polytechnics-to-technical-universities.html</ref>wagere  na ba leɛ o la gaa ne Nuuri tontonneba Yuniveniti. A sakuuri da yuoɛ la 1999 ka zannoo yɛlɛ piili  September 2003 a Bolgatanga politeɛne poɔ.<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/bolgatanga-technical-university-to-admit-1-000-fresh-students-when-it-re-opens.html</ref> == Sakue == Pampana,a sakuuri ŋa taa la zannoo bɔgere ayi, kyɛ ka a  saku- kpoŋ naŋ be Sumbrungu  ayi Balgatanga - Navrongo sori zuŋ ka ba yuo o 2007.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240615030502/https://www.bolgatu.edu.gh/about-us/</ref>  Balgatanga la a teŋkpoŋ na be Upper  East Ghana  paaloŋ poɔ a taa noba 70,000. A Yunivaniti  ŋa piili ne la sakuuri  naŋ be Bukere,a Balgatanga kora kaŋa. A karendire tontonneba  da toŋ la a be sere  kyɛ a Sumbrungu sakuuri wa ŋmaa baare. Pampana  Bukere taa la zimaane  sakuuri  be saku- kpoŋ ne saku- bile zannoo yɛlɛ naŋ gɛrɛ. == Dakoroŋ == A sakuuri da piili la 1999 ayi PNDC bɛgere  321(1992)  ka ba leɛre o 2007 ane a palamɛte bɛgɛ ( Act745) . Ba wa leɛre la a sakuuri gaa ne Nuuri   Tontonneba yunivaniti a yi 2020  a Nuuri  tontonneba  Yunivaniti  bɛgere  Act 2020( Act 1016).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250724183629/https://bolgatu.edu.gh/about-us/</ref> A gane zanne yɛlɛ piili la September 2003 a Bukere poɔ.Yuomo  naŋ pare,a Yunivaniti ŋa baaɛ la ayi a karendire noɔre naŋ baa do seŋ lɛ,karemamine noɔre naŋ do ta lɛ ane be gane zannoo yɛlɛ naŋ do ta be, gane Zanne yɛlɛ ane a Sakubiiri noɔre naŋ do seŋ lɛ. Bɔnne === University Council === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+University Council Members ! ==== Dr. Bishop Akolgo ==== Chairman ! ==== Prof. Samuel Erasmus Alnaa ==== Vice Chancellor ! ==== Miss. Fawzia Abagnamah Yakubu ==== Government Nominee ! ==== Dr. Aaron Issa Anafure Evans ==== Government Nominee |- | ==== Mr. Cletus Atambire Amaya ==== JUNIOR STAFF ASSOCIATION | ==== Mr. Iddrisu Tijani ==== SRC | ==== Mr. Forson Dela Fiaxoh ==== alumni | ==== Mr. Timothy Pangbot ==== <small>GRASAG</small> |- | ==== Mr. Rufus D. Peter ==== PAAG | ==== Pro. Emmanuel Ceasar Ayamba ==== Convocation - teaching | ==== Surv. Dr. George Dordah ==== TEACHING |'''Surv. Maxwell Kwotua Petio''' Convocation - non teaching |- | ==== Mrs. Salma Abdulai ==== Employers Association |'''Mr. Yorose Zachary''' Association of Principals of Technical Institutions | | |- |'''Prof. Awinkene Atintono''' National Council for Tertiary Education | ==== Prof. Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro ==== Government nominee |'''Mr. Freeman Abramani''' Association of Ghana Industries |'''Ms. Phyllis Andoh''' Council for technical & vocational education & training |} == Academic programmes and departments == {| class="wikitable" |+COURSES AND PROGRAMMES !HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES{HND} |- |HND Hotel Catering and Institutional Management (HCIM) |- |HND Statistics |- |HND Civil Engineering |- |HND Mechanical Engineering |- |HND Industrial Arts (Graphic design, Leather Works, Ceramics, Sculpture) |- | |- | |- |'''BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMMES''' |- |Accounting with Computing |- |Procurement and Supply Chain Management |- | |- | |- |'''DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES''' |- |Diploma in Computerized Accounting (DCA) |- |Diploma in Business Administration (DBA) |- |Diploma in Banking Technology and Accounting (DBTA) |- | |- | |- |'''CERTIFICATE COURSES''' |- |Advanced Fashion and Design |- |Advanced Cookery/ Catering |- |Motor Vehicle Technician |- |Construction Technician |- | |- | |- |'''NON- TERTIARY PROGRAMMES''' |- |DBS Accountancy |- |DBS Secretary ship and Management Studies |} == Sommo yizie == fz9hmsot9igh8bnufq55hov1td5oelz 0 7364 63649 63345 2026-08-03T16:06:19Z Vision L1 19 63649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q2905053}} '''Quebec beer''' is e la beer naŋ maŋ doge Quebec, Canada poɔ, gbɛɛ yaga a bondogeree maŋ yi la a Quebec meŋɛ kyɛ maŋ tuuro lɛ a French, Belgian ane British naŋ maŋ doge. A neŋ meŋ, the a lɛ Quebec deme naŋ maŋ doge ba beer maŋ maŋ e la a toɔraa neŋ lɛ a North America deme naŋ maŋ doge a yi a lɛ a French noba ane Belgian saaŋkonnoo yɛlɛ naŋ taa zageroŋ ane a Great Britain noba. German-type beers dããdogereba la maŋ doge a. == Koroŋ bee piiluu == A Quebec deme beer piiluu leɛ gaa la French colonization wagere. ziiri naŋ maala bee dogerɔ e la a19th century wagere naŋ da naŋ be a British rule. A microbrewery industry piili la 1980s poɔ, ane boŋfēē maaloo a wa ta zenɛ. === New France === A 17th ane 18th centuries, a Quebec colonists maale la pataase bonnyuurii ka a da e boma naŋ soma a paaloŋ poɔ saŋa zaa ka ana la: spruce beer. Aneazaa ka ba de la spruce beer zenɛ ka e soft drink kyɛ naŋ taa a yo bonyeni na, ona gba la a beer meŋɛ a spruce naŋ de leɛre meŋ a hops zu. Wagere kaŋa a root "spices" na la ka ba da maŋ de. Ka a maŋ ko a root beer. A yi a dakoroŋ ganzanna ŋa, Benjamin Sulte, a Quebec colonists dɛŋ, da yi la a France lambori kaŋa, be la ka ba de beer ane cider dogebo bee maaloo tegeroŋ gaŋ wine. Ba na baŋ ko ba la ''bouillon'', pataase bonnyuurii naŋ yi Picardy ane Upper Normandy. Pierre Boucher, Governor of Trois-Rivières, ka ba da soore yɛlɛ kyaare neŋ a colony wagere kaŋa ba naŋ da gɛrɛ France. O da yeli ka: "bondããmba yideme la nyuuro beer kyɛ a meŋ be la noba naŋ ba taa a eebo meŋ zie, kyɛ ka mine meŋ nɔŋ a bonnyuuraa ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ ''bouillon''. A nandemee maŋ nyuuro la kõɔ yoŋ, naŋ taa zɛgeroŋ kpoŋ."<ref>Émile Vaillancourt, The history of the brewing industry in the province of Quebec (Montreal: G. Ducharme, 1940)</ref> A ''Relations des Jésuites'' 1646 yuoni poɔ yeli ka Brother Ambroise doge la beer ko inhabitants. A kultaa yeltarre naŋ da e October 22, 1650 poɔ, wuli la lɛ a yɛlɛ ŋa naŋ bebe a Montréal poɔ. A la sɛge biŋ la ka a Governor ko Montreal Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve tere " la zie a brewery nimitɔɔreŋ" a ko a kultaa deme ŋa. 1690 poɔ, a Sieur de Longueuil mɛ la brewery o meŋɛ tɔre paaloŋ poɔ. O yɛlɛ zaa wa baarɛɛ 1735 poɔ. A yi 1704 te ta 1744, a Charron bere mine, noba naŋ so Hôpital général de Montréal, a poɔ brewery o yiri poɔ to. A yɛlɛ zaa poɔ, a yenyɔgeraa ŋa naŋ e la ona. Neɛ naŋ de e a dɛndɛŋ soba a e a brewery bommaale koɔrɔ la Intendant Jean Talon o na la da piili a 1671 poɔ. A be Québec City, o maŋ maale la 4,000 barrels beer yuoni zaa. A beer da maŋ maale la neŋ Quebec boma kyɛ ka a kpoŋ zie zaa da maŋ de gaa neŋ Caribbean ane Europe. Kyɛ o pãã da e la yelŋmaa. == ''Mondial de la bière'' == A yi 1994 poɔ, Montreal naŋ taa ba yuoni ''Mondial de la bière'' ''kpaaroŋ'', a beer tigiri da di la Quebec's macro ane micro brews poɔ. A te seŋ ŋa 80,000 noba la maŋ gaa a bebie anuu kpaaroo ŋa yuoni zaa.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706200534/http://festivalmondialbiere.qc.ca/en/apropos/ About us - Mondial de la bière"]. festivalmondialbiere.qc.ca. Archived from [http://festivalmondialbiere.qc.ca/en/apropos/ the original] on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-07-08. "Mondial de la bière : international beer festival in Montré</ref> A ana bebie anaare tigiri ŋa maŋ di la a gɛrɛ ŋa 100 breweries a kyɛ maŋ yiniŋ bommaalee a gaŋ 500 (beers ane bomboora mine).<ref>"[https://festivalmondialbiere.qc.ca/en/ Mondial de la bière : international beer festival in Montréal"]. festivalmondialbiere.qc.ca. Retrieved 2021-01-26.</ref> A tigiri ŋa maŋ di la Gare Windsor poɔ. == La kaa kyɛ == * Beer in Canada * Cuisine of Quebec * List of breweries in Quebec == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] === Bibliography === * Sylvain Daignault (2006). ''Histoire de la bière au Québec'', Saint-Constant: Broquet, 182 pages ISBN (first ed.: Montréal: Trait d'union, 2004) * Raymond Beauchemin (2003). ''Salut! The Quebec Microbrewery Beer Cookbook'', Montréal: Véhicule Press, 192 pages ISBN * Allen Winn Sneath (2001) ''Brewed in Canada. The Untold Story of Canada's 350-year-old Brewing Industry'', Dundurn Press Ltd, 432 pages ISBN (online excerpt) * Nick Hamilton and Daniel Bilodeau (1997) ''The Quebec Beer Guide'', Cheneliere/McGraw-Hill 176 pages ISBN * Émile Vaillancourt (1940). ''The history of the brewing industry in the province of Quebec'', Montreal: G. Ducharme, 46 pages kdmb439u9y7mh8bwek0nsmrsafs0bka 0 7373 63650 63386 2026-08-03T17:06:16Z Vision L1 19 63650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q804297}} <references /> Baked beans e la saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii  ba naŋ maŋ de bɛŋɛ a maale, a bɛŋɛ ama e la bɛmpelaa banaŋ maŋ waale a paaŋ nyɔge kyeeŋ.<ref>Albala, Ken (2007). ''Beans: A History''. London: Oxford International Publishers.</ref> Ka banaŋ ɛre a ŋa poɔ b aba maŋ vɛŋ ka a vuu do gyamaa. Bɛpeɛlaa ama ba ba maŋ doge ba maŋ waale la, a bondirii ama maaloo poɔ .<ref>O'Callaghan, Lauren (9 August 2016). [https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/food/698320/BBC-s-Behind-the-Factory-baked-beans-heinz-production-secrets "How are your baked beans really made? Behind the scenes footage at a factory reveals all".] ''Daily Express''. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2025.</ref> A bɛŋɛ bondirii ama e la boma naŋ pore bee a gore a tuure paaloŋ poɔ. A gyamaa zie, bɛŋɛ mine nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka a navy beans (bɛŋɛ) ( a bɛŋɛ ama la ka gyamaa baŋ ka a yi a UK paaloŋ poɔ) kyɛ ka a bondirii ama yiibu zie meŋa paaŋ yi Peru<ref>Merrett, Victoria (24 June 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=fL1GDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22navy+bean%22+%22Peru%22&pg=PA176 ''Super Grains: Seeds, Pulses, Legumes & Nuts''.] Chartwell Books. p.&#x20;176. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780785832164</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A  New England paaloŋ poɔ, a ba saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii gyamaa ba naŋ maŋ de maale ne legumes aseŋ; Jacob’s cattle, sogyɛre bɛŋɛ ane yellow-eye beans.<ref>Michael Sletcher, ed. (2004). ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures: New England''. London: Greenwood Press. pp.&#x20;233–235.</ref> A bɛŋɛ ama maŋ be la brown sugar poɔ a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle, sikyiri bee kama-zɔŋkoɔ ( a mine toose maŋ poɔ bee ka wagere mine ka toose meŋ ba poɔ), a boma ama gyamaa maŋ be la a tenne gyamaa poɔ. Kraft Heinz la e a zie naŋ a zikpoŋ ba naŋ maala  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) a Europe<ref>Addy, Ron (18 August 2018). "[https://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Article/2018/08/10/Kraft-Heinz-invests-20m-in-Wigan-site/ Kraft Heinz invests £20m in Wigan plant".] Food Manufacture. Retrieved 19 May 2025.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ., kyɛ ka Bush Brother la paaŋ e zikpoŋ meŋa banaŋ maala a United State paaloŋ poɔ.<ref>Teresa F. Lindeman (25 January 2012). "Heinz brings beans back to U.S." ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2019.</ref> canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama la ka ba baŋ maŋ de bɛle ne noba gyamaa, a bondirii ama yaga zie maŋ yi la navy beans (bɛŋɛ) a sauɔe poɔ. Ba saaŋkompare yipɔge wuli ka a bondirii ama ba maŋ di a la toloŋ lɛ, ba naŋ baŋ di a la toloŋ lɛ bee a baŋ di a maaroŋ lɛ, a wagere ŋa poɔ a bondirii ama doge la soŋ bee a bondirii ama wagere ŋa poɔ maale baare la soŋ a manne ne diibu.<ref>"GuardianWitness – Cold Baked Beans salad". ''The GuardianWitness''. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.</ref> Heinz da piili maala la a  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama a 1886 yuomo poɔ. A yi a 20^thsamparoŋ poɔ,  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ), a bondirii ama pore la a paaloŋ na poɔ, a zuo a zaa a United Kingdom paaloŋ poɔ, a paaloŋ ŋa poɔ a bondirii ama la ka ba maŋ di ka a e ba beguo saŋa bondirii (full breakfast) == A Yiibu Zie == [[Duoro kɔre:Commoner lunch (Pilaki in a can).jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:Beans on sourdough toast.jpg|thumb]] canned baked beans yiibu zie meŋa na baŋ tuuli gaa la a noba banaŋ naŋ be a American paaloŋ poɔ, banaŋ da piili a maala a bɛŋɛ bondirii ama, sɛre ka a bondirii ama na maale, ba maŋ de la a bɛŋɛ a lɔre koɔ poɔ, a saadayel yipɔge naŋ wuli lɛ. Danseɛ bebe a kyaare ne a bɛŋɛ bondirii ama maaloo yuomo naŋ pare poɔ, c.&#x2009;&#x31;&#x35;&#x30;&#x30;&#x20;&#x42;&#x43; in the Maya civilization.<ref>Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2009). "Beans". ''Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations''. Facts On File. p.&#x20;31. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781438109909</bdi>.</ref> A northeast naŋ be a America poɔ, Noba meŋa naŋ yi a American noba, a pale Heaudenosaunee, a Narraganselt ane a Penobscot, a puli ne bɛŋɛ, maple sikyiri, ane boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka earthenware,<ref>Maine Folklife Center. "History of Bean-Hole Beans". University of Maine. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2025.</ref><ref>Walter Staib (1999). ''City Tavern Cookbook: 200 years of Classic Recipes from America's First Gourmet Restaurant''. London: Running Press. p.&#x20;115.</ref> A bɛŋɛ a dogebo maaloo sobiri ŋa wa ta la soga a leɛ ba saaŋkompare yipɔge maaloo a Maine paaloŋ poɔ, a bondirii ama diibu e la boma banaŋ dire a logging karenzie pov.<ref>"Common Ground's Bean Hole Beans". ''Mofga.org''. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2012.</ref> A British banaŋ naŋ da di naaloŋ a New England deme zu da la a Westerners danweɛ soba naŋ de a bondirii ama a wuli a paaloŋ na noba.<ref>Michael Sletcher, ed. (2004). ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures: New England''. London: Greenwood Press. p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> A noba na meŋa naŋ yi a America paaloŋ poɔ yi la taa ne a pease pudding. Ba de la a molassess bee sugar ( sikyiri) ka are leɛre a marple syrup, bacon, bee ham naŋ are leɛre a bear bɛroŋ. Paaloŋ na zaa naŋ be a America poɔ ka ba di naaloŋ o zu da, maŋ taa la ba bondirii maaloo a toɔraa a irigiŋ kaŋa zaa poɔ, a mine maŋ e la navy meŋa, bɛŋɛ pelaa, ama la ka ba da maŋ de maale ne Massachusetts, Jacob's Cattle ane sogyɛre bɛŋɛ naŋ be a Maine paaloŋ poɔ, ane yellow-eyed beans naŋ be a Vermont paaloŋ poɔ. Kyɛ ka saadayel mannoo taa la faŋa a kyaare ne a baked beans ŋa ziyiraa meŋa, naŋ yi a cassoulet bee Southern France saaŋkompare yipɔge  bɛŋɛ zeɛre , a ama ba maŋ waa ŋaa  baked beans naŋ e ba yipɔge bondirii naŋ be a North America,  a bondirii ama e la bone ba naŋ d a de a wuli a Europe paaloŋ noba a 1528 yuomo na poɔ.<ref>"Food History: A timeline". ''Kid Cyber''. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.</ref> A e la yelmeŋa ka a Bɔrefɔ noba de la ba yɛŋ a soŋ maale ne a bondimaale boma naŋ e a ba saaŋkompare yipɔge  naŋ e a amerirca bommaale.<ref>Keith Stavely, Kathleen Fitzgerald (2004). ''America's Founding Food: The Story of New England Cooking''. University of North Carolina Press. pp.&#x20;51–58. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780807828946</bdi>.</ref> A nea  a zaa ka a bɛŋɛ lɔre ama ba naŋ maŋ de a maale ne a bondirii ama da e la boma ba naŋ maaala a America poɔ a wagere na a Mayan naaloŋ diibu wagere. A bondirii ama baked beans, a bɛŋɛ ane bacon da e la boma banaŋ baŋ a medieval England<ref>Brears, Peter (1 May 2012). ''Cooking and Dining in Medieval England''. Prospect Books. p.&#x20;260. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781903018873</bdi>. <q>Broad beans were a major field crop in medieval England. Presumably they were eaten fresh in July and August, being boiled with bacon as they were up to the mid-twentieth century." ,""Drawn beans cook as in the first recipe, adding a large onion and a pinch of saffron"</q></ref><ref>Mark McWilliams (2012). "The Story behind the Dish: Classic American Foods: Classic American Foods". Denver, Colorado: Greenwood Press. p.&#x20;11. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780313385100</bdi>.</ref><ref>Vogler, Penn (October 2024). ''STUFFED: A HISTORY OF GOOD FOOD AND HARD TIMES IN BRITAIN''. Atlantic Books. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781838955762</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A zama mustard ama banaŋ de eŋ poɔ da yi la gbaŋgbale poɔ a New England a 19^th century poɔ, yi la a saaŋkompare 17^th century naŋ yi Staffordshire, Engand, a maŋ waa seere,ane mustard, hams, bɛŋɛ, zama, bee leeks. A boma ama banaŋ maŋ de a lantaa a maale ne baked bɛŋɛ a zenɛ. A 19^th century a cookbook yi la gbaqgbale a New England poɔ, yaare la  te ta United State ane Canada, paaloŋ poɔ. A Turkey, kuru fasulye yie taa ne a bɛmpelaa zeɛre ba naŋ maŋ de toose a maale ne. === A Saadayel Mannoo a America poɔ === American baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama piilu wagere na baŋ tuuli la a leɛ gaa puori a gaa a 19^th century yuomo na poɔ, a yɛlɛ ama la soŋ ka a saadayel a toɔ manne a kyaare ne a bondirii maaloo a yi a Pilgrims, a saŋa la ka a mannoo ŋa meŋa da manne a kyaare a yi a paaloŋ deme meŋa noɔreŋ. Keith Stavely ane Kathleen Fitzgerald sɛge la wuli ka danseɛ zaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka a America paaloŋ noba meŋa la doge a bɛŋɛ ama ne a danseɛŋ pare vuo na ba naŋ mane wuli na., aa ne a zaa ka a bondirii ama maaloo sobie da e la bone banaŋ de tona ne toma, azuiŋ a America poɔ bɛŋɛ dogebo la ba de, a meŋ na baŋ wuli ka ba de  la a Bɔrefɔ (English ) kɔkɔre dogebo sobiri meŋ maaale a yii a bɔrefɔ kɔkɔre noba mine naŋ zeŋ a ba poɔ. == Canned baked beans == =Sommo Yizie= [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] q2q0mwd172zbvf3t3evw46b1hnzzosx 63651 63650 2026-08-03T17:14:25Z Vision L1 19 63651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q804297}} <references /> Baked beans e la saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii  ba naŋ maŋ de bɛŋɛ a maale, a bɛŋɛ ama e la bɛmpelaa banaŋ maŋ waale a paaŋ nyɔge kyeeŋ.<ref>Albala, Ken (2007). ''Beans: A History''. London: Oxford International Publishers.</ref> Ka banaŋ ɛre a ŋa poɔ b aba maŋ vɛŋ ka a vuu do gyamaa. Bɛpeɛlaa ama ba ba maŋ doge ba maŋ waale la, a bondirii ama maaloo poɔ .<ref>O'Callaghan, Lauren (9 August 2016). [https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/food/698320/BBC-s-Behind-the-Factory-baked-beans-heinz-production-secrets "How are your baked beans really made? Behind the scenes footage at a factory reveals all".] ''Daily Express''. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2025.</ref> A bɛŋɛ bondirii ama e la boma naŋ pore bee a gore a tuure paaloŋ poɔ. A gyamaa zie, bɛŋɛ mine nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka a navy beans (bɛŋɛ) ( a bɛŋɛ ama la ka gyamaa baŋ ka a yi a UK paaloŋ poɔ) kyɛ ka a bondirii ama yiibu zie meŋa paaŋ yi Peru<ref>Merrett, Victoria (24 June 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=fL1GDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22navy+bean%22+%22Peru%22&pg=PA176 ''Super Grains: Seeds, Pulses, Legumes & Nuts''.] Chartwell Books. p.&#x20;176. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780785832164</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A  New England paaloŋ poɔ, a ba saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii gyamaa ba naŋ maŋ de maale ne legumes aseŋ; Jacob’s cattle, sogyɛre bɛŋɛ ane yellow-eye beans.<ref>Michael Sletcher, ed. (2004). ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures: New England''. London: Greenwood Press. pp.&#x20;233–235.</ref> A bɛŋɛ ama maŋ be la brown sugar poɔ a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle, sikyiri bee kama-zɔŋkoɔ ( a mine toose maŋ poɔ bee ka wagere mine ka toose meŋ ba poɔ), a boma ama gyamaa maŋ be la a tenne gyamaa poɔ. Kraft Heinz la e a zie naŋ a zikpoŋ ba naŋ maala  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) a Europe<ref>Addy, Ron (18 August 2018). "[https://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Article/2018/08/10/Kraft-Heinz-invests-20m-in-Wigan-site/ Kraft Heinz invests £20m in Wigan plant".] Food Manufacture. Retrieved 19 May 2025.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ., kyɛ ka Bush Brother la paaŋ e zikpoŋ meŋa banaŋ maala a United State paaloŋ poɔ.<ref>Teresa F. Lindeman (25 January 2012). [https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2012/01/25/Heinz-brings-beans-back-to-U-S/stories/201201250251 "Heinz brings beans back to U.S."] ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210515180925/https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2012/01/25/Heinz-brings-beans-back-to-U-S/stories/201201250251 Archived] from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2019.</ref> canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama la ka ba baŋ maŋ de bɛle ne noba gyamaa, a bondirii ama yaga zie maŋ yi la navy beans (bɛŋɛ) a sauɔe poɔ. Ba saaŋkompare yipɔge wuli ka a bondirii ama ba maŋ di a la toloŋ lɛ, ba naŋ baŋ di a la toloŋ lɛ bee a baŋ di a maaroŋ lɛ, a wagere ŋa poɔ a bondirii ama doge la soŋ bee a bondirii ama wagere ŋa poɔ maale baare la soŋ a manne ne diibu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070632/https://witness.theguardian.com/assignment/550068b1e4b0982f45451d04/1425105 "GuardianWitness – Cold Baked Beans salad"]. ''The GuardianWitness''. Archived from [https://witness.theguardian.com/assignment/550068b1e4b0982f45451d04/1425105 the original] on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.</ref> Heinz da piili maala la a  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama a 1886 yuomo poɔ. A yi a 20^thsamparoŋ poɔ,  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ), a bondirii ama pore la a paaloŋ na poɔ, a zuo a zaa a United Kingdom paaloŋ poɔ, a paaloŋ ŋa poɔ a bondirii ama la ka ba maŋ di ka a e ba beguo saŋa bondirii (full breakfast) == A Yiibu Zie == [[Duoro kɔre:Commoner lunch (Pilaki in a can).jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:Beans on sourdough toast.jpg|thumb]] canned baked beans yiibu zie meŋa na baŋ tuuli gaa la a noba banaŋ naŋ be a American paaloŋ poɔ, banaŋ da piili a maala a bɛŋɛ bondirii ama, sɛre ka a bondirii ama na maale, ba maŋ de la a bɛŋɛ a lɔre koɔ poɔ, a saadayel yipɔge naŋ wuli lɛ. Danseɛ bebe a kyaare ne a bɛŋɛ bondirii ama maaloo yuomo naŋ pare poɔ, c.&#x2009;&#x31;&#x35;&#x30;&#x30;&#x20;&#x42;&#x43; in the Maya civilization.<ref>Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2009). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=QIFTVWJH3doC&dq=%22baked+beans%22+%22native+american%22&pg=PA31 Beans]". ''Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations''. Facts On File. p.&#x20;31. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781438109909</bdi>.</ref> A northeast naŋ be a America poɔ, Noba meŋa naŋ yi a American noba, a pale Heaudenosaunee, a Narraganselt ane a Penobscot, a puli ne bɛŋɛ, maple sikyiri, ane boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka earthenware,<ref>Maine Folklife Center. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230357/https://umaine.edu/folklife/history-of-bean-hole-beans/ History of Bean-Hole Beans"]. University of Maine. Archived from [https://umaine.edu/folklife/history-of-bean-hole-beans/ the original] on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2025.</ref><ref>Walter Staib (1999). ''City Tavern Cookbook: 200 years of Classic Recipes from America's First Gourmet Restaurant''. London: Running Press. p.&#x20;115.</ref> A bɛŋɛ a dogebo maaloo sobiri ŋa wa ta la soga a leɛ ba saaŋkompare yipɔge maaloo a Maine paaloŋ poɔ, a bondirii ama diibu e la boma banaŋ dire a logging karenzie pov.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130307120218/http://www.mofga.org/Default.aspx?tabid=659 "Common Ground's Bean Hole Beans"]. ''Mofga.org''. Archived from [http://www.mofga.org/Default.aspx?tabid=659 the original] on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2012.</ref> A British banaŋ naŋ da di naaloŋ a New England deme zu da la a Westerners danweɛ soba naŋ de a bondirii ama a wuli a paaloŋ na noba.<ref>Michael Sletcher, ed. (2004). ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures: New England''. London: Greenwood Press. p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> A noba na meŋa naŋ yi a America paaloŋ poɔ yi la taa ne a pease pudding. Ba de la a molassess bee sugar ( sikyiri) ka are leɛre a marple syrup, bacon, bee ham naŋ are leɛre a bear bɛroŋ. Paaloŋ na zaa naŋ be a America poɔ ka ba di naaloŋ o zu da, maŋ taa la ba bondirii maaloo a toɔraa a irigiŋ kaŋa zaa poɔ, a mine maŋ e la navy meŋa, bɛŋɛ pelaa, ama la ka ba da maŋ de maale ne Massachusetts, Jacob's Cattle ane sogyɛre bɛŋɛ naŋ be a Maine paaloŋ poɔ, ane yellow-eyed beans naŋ be a Vermont paaloŋ poɔ. Kyɛ ka saadayel mannoo taa la faŋa a kyaare ne a baked beans ŋa ziyiraa meŋa, naŋ yi a cassoulet bee Southern France saaŋkompare yipɔge  bɛŋɛ zeɛre , a ama ba maŋ waa ŋaa  baked beans naŋ e ba yipɔge bondirii naŋ be a North America,  a bondirii ama e la bone ba naŋ d a de a wuli a Europe paaloŋ noba a 1528 yuomo na poɔ.<ref>"Food History: A timeline". ''Kid Cyber''. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.</ref> A e la yelmeŋa ka a Bɔrefɔ noba de la ba yɛŋ a soŋ maale ne a bondimaale boma naŋ e a ba saaŋkompare yipɔge  naŋ e a amerirca bommaale.<ref>Keith Stavely, Kathleen Fitzgerald (2004). ''America's Founding Food: The Story of New England Cooking''. University of North Carolina Press. pp.&#x20;51–58. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780807828946</bdi>.</ref> A nea  a zaa ka a bɛŋɛ lɔre ama ba naŋ maŋ de a maale ne a bondirii ama da e la boma ba naŋ maaala a America poɔ a wagere na a Mayan naaloŋ diibu wagere. A bondirii ama baked beans, a bɛŋɛ ane bacon da e la boma banaŋ baŋ a medieval England<ref>Brears, Peter (1 May 2012). ''Cooking and Dining in Medieval England''. Prospect Books. p.&#x20;260. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781903018873</bdi>. <q>Broad beans were a major field crop in medieval England. Presumably they were eaten fresh in July and August, being boiled with bacon as they were up to the mid-twentieth century." ,""Drawn beans cook as in the first recipe, adding a large onion and a pinch of saffron"</q></ref><ref>Mark McWilliams (2012). "The Story behind the Dish: Classic American Foods: Classic American Foods". Denver, Colorado: Greenwood Press. p.&#x20;11. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780313385100</bdi>.</ref><ref>Vogler, Penn (October 2024). ''STUFFED: A HISTORY OF GOOD FOOD AND HARD TIMES IN BRITAIN''. Atlantic Books. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781838955762</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A zama mustard ama banaŋ de eŋ poɔ da yi la gbaŋgbale poɔ a New England a 19^th century poɔ, yi la a saaŋkompare 17^th century naŋ yi Staffordshire, Engand, a maŋ waa seere,ane mustard, hams, bɛŋɛ, zama, bee leeks. A boma ama banaŋ maŋ de a lantaa a maale ne baked bɛŋɛ a zenɛ. A 19^th century a cookbook yi la gbaqgbale a New England poɔ, yaare la  te ta United State ane Canada, paaloŋ poɔ. A Turkey, kuru fasulye yie taa ne a bɛmpelaa zeɛre ba naŋ maŋ de toose a maale ne. === A Saadayel Mannoo a America poɔ === American baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama piilu wagere na baŋ tuuli la a leɛ gaa puori a gaa a 19^th century yuomo na poɔ, a yɛlɛ ama la soŋ ka a saadayel a toɔ manne a kyaare ne a bondirii maaloo a yi a Pilgrims, a saŋa la ka a mannoo ŋa meŋa da manne a kyaare a yi a paaloŋ deme meŋa noɔreŋ. Keith Stavely ane Kathleen Fitzgerald sɛge la wuli ka danseɛ zaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka a America paaloŋ noba meŋa la doge a bɛŋɛ ama ne a danseɛŋ pare vuo na ba naŋ mane wuli na., aa ne a zaa ka a bondirii ama maaloo sobie da e la bone banaŋ de tona ne toma, azuiŋ a America poɔ bɛŋɛ dogebo la ba de, a meŋ na baŋ wuli ka ba de  la a Bɔrefɔ (English ) kɔkɔre dogebo sobiri meŋ maaale a yii a bɔrefɔ kɔkɔre noba mine naŋ zeŋ a ba poɔ. == Canned baked beans == =Sommo Yizie= [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] 36iuvgfa05fn1jzyn9bes9yygg6l8z2 63652 63651 2026-08-03T17:21:44Z Vision L1 19 63652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q804297}} <references /> Baked beans e la saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii  ba naŋ maŋ de bɛŋɛ a maale, a bɛŋɛ ama e la bɛmpelaa banaŋ maŋ waale a paaŋ nyɔge kyeeŋ.<ref>Albala, Ken (2007). ''Beans: A History''. London: Oxford International Publishers.</ref> Ka banaŋ ɛre a ŋa poɔ b aba maŋ vɛŋ ka a vuu do gyamaa. Bɛpeɛlaa ama ba ba maŋ doge ba maŋ waale la, a bondirii ama maaloo poɔ .<ref>O'Callaghan, Lauren (9 August 2016). [https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/food/698320/BBC-s-Behind-the-Factory-baked-beans-heinz-production-secrets "How are your baked beans really made? Behind the scenes footage at a factory reveals all".] ''Daily Express''. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2025.</ref> A bɛŋɛ bondirii ama e la boma naŋ pore bee a gore a tuure paaloŋ poɔ. A gyamaa zie, bɛŋɛ mine nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka a navy beans (bɛŋɛ) ( a bɛŋɛ ama la ka gyamaa baŋ ka a yi a UK paaloŋ poɔ) kyɛ ka a bondirii ama yiibu zie meŋa paaŋ yi Peru<ref>Merrett, Victoria (24 June 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=fL1GDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22navy+bean%22+%22Peru%22&pg=PA176 ''Super Grains: Seeds, Pulses, Legumes & Nuts''.] Chartwell Books. p.&#x20;176. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780785832164</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A  New England paaloŋ poɔ, a ba saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii gyamaa ba naŋ maŋ de maale ne legumes aseŋ; Jacob’s cattle, sogyɛre bɛŋɛ ane yellow-eye beans.<ref>Michael Sletcher, ed. (2004). ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures: New England''. London: Greenwood Press. pp.&#x20;233–235.</ref> A bɛŋɛ ama maŋ be la brown sugar poɔ a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle, sikyiri bee kama-zɔŋkoɔ ( a mine toose maŋ poɔ bee ka wagere mine ka toose meŋ ba poɔ), a boma ama gyamaa maŋ be la a tenne gyamaa poɔ. Kraft Heinz la e a zie naŋ a zikpoŋ ba naŋ maala  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) a Europe<ref>Addy, Ron (18 August 2018). "[https://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Article/2018/08/10/Kraft-Heinz-invests-20m-in-Wigan-site/ Kraft Heinz invests £20m in Wigan plant".] Food Manufacture. Retrieved 19 May 2025.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ., kyɛ ka Bush Brother la paaŋ e zikpoŋ meŋa banaŋ maala a United State paaloŋ poɔ.<ref>Teresa F. Lindeman (25 January 2012). [https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2012/01/25/Heinz-brings-beans-back-to-U-S/stories/201201250251 "Heinz brings beans back to U.S."] ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210515180925/https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2012/01/25/Heinz-brings-beans-back-to-U-S/stories/201201250251 Archived] from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2019.</ref> canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama la ka ba baŋ maŋ de bɛle ne noba gyamaa, a bondirii ama yaga zie maŋ yi la navy beans (bɛŋɛ) a sauɔe poɔ. Ba saaŋkompare yipɔge wuli ka a bondirii ama ba maŋ di a la toloŋ lɛ, ba naŋ baŋ di a la toloŋ lɛ bee a baŋ di a maaroŋ lɛ, a wagere ŋa poɔ a bondirii ama doge la soŋ bee a bondirii ama wagere ŋa poɔ maale baare la soŋ a manne ne diibu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070632/https://witness.theguardian.com/assignment/550068b1e4b0982f45451d04/1425105 "GuardianWitness – Cold Baked Beans salad"]. ''The GuardianWitness''. Archived from [https://witness.theguardian.com/assignment/550068b1e4b0982f45451d04/1425105 the original] on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.</ref> Heinz da piili maala la a  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama a 1886 yuomo poɔ. A yi a 20^thsamparoŋ poɔ,  canned baked beans (bɛŋɛ), a bondirii ama pore la a paaloŋ na poɔ, a zuo a zaa a United Kingdom paaloŋ poɔ, a paaloŋ ŋa poɔ a bondirii ama la ka ba maŋ di ka a e ba beguo saŋa bondirii (full breakfast) == A Yiibu Zie == [[Duoro kɔre:Commoner lunch (Pilaki in a can).jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:Beans on sourdough toast.jpg|thumb]] canned baked beans yiibu zie meŋa na baŋ tuuli gaa la a noba banaŋ naŋ be a American paaloŋ poɔ, banaŋ da piili a maala a bɛŋɛ bondirii ama, sɛre ka a bondirii ama na maale, ba maŋ de la a bɛŋɛ a lɔre koɔ poɔ, a saadayel yipɔge naŋ wuli lɛ. Danseɛ bebe a kyaare ne a bɛŋɛ bondirii ama maaloo yuomo naŋ pare poɔ, c.&#x2009;&#x31;&#x35;&#x30;&#x30;&#x20;&#x42;&#x43; in the Maya civilization.<ref>Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2009). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=QIFTVWJH3doC&dq=%22baked+beans%22+%22native+american%22&pg=PA31 Beans]". ''Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations''. Facts On File. p.&#x20;31. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781438109909</bdi>.</ref> A northeast naŋ be a America poɔ, Noba meŋa naŋ yi a American noba, a pale Heaudenosaunee, a Narraganselt ane a Penobscot, a puli ne bɛŋɛ, maple sikyiri, ane boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka earthenware,<ref>Maine Folklife Center. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230357/https://umaine.edu/folklife/history-of-bean-hole-beans/ History of Bean-Hole Beans"]. University of Maine. Archived from [https://umaine.edu/folklife/history-of-bean-hole-beans/ the original] on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2025.</ref><ref>Walter Staib (1999). ''City Tavern Cookbook: 200 years of Classic Recipes from America's First Gourmet Restaurant''. London: Running Press. p.&#x20;115.</ref> A bɛŋɛ a dogebo maaloo sobiri ŋa wa ta la soga a leɛ ba saaŋkompare yipɔge maaloo a Maine paaloŋ poɔ, a bondirii ama diibu e la boma banaŋ dire a logging karenzie pov.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130307120218/http://www.mofga.org/Default.aspx?tabid=659 "Common Ground's Bean Hole Beans"]. ''Mofga.org''. Archived from [http://www.mofga.org/Default.aspx?tabid=659 the original] on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2012.</ref> A British banaŋ naŋ da di naaloŋ a New England deme zu da la a Westerners danweɛ soba naŋ de a bondirii ama a wuli a paaloŋ na noba.<ref>Michael Sletcher, ed. (2004). ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures: New England''. London: Greenwood Press. p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> A noba na meŋa naŋ yi a America paaloŋ poɔ yi la taa ne a pease pudding. Ba de la a molassess bee sugar ( sikyiri) ka are leɛre a marple syrup, bacon, bee ham naŋ are leɛre a bear bɛroŋ. Paaloŋ na zaa naŋ be a America poɔ ka ba di naaloŋ o zu da, maŋ taa la ba bondirii maaloo a toɔraa a irigiŋ kaŋa zaa poɔ, a mine maŋ e la navy meŋa, bɛŋɛ pelaa, ama la ka ba da maŋ de maale ne Massachusetts, Jacob's Cattle ane sogyɛre bɛŋɛ naŋ be a Maine paaloŋ poɔ, ane yellow-eyed beans naŋ be a Vermont paaloŋ poɔ. Kyɛ ka saadayel mannoo taa la faŋa a kyaare ne a baked beans ŋa ziyiraa meŋa, naŋ yi a cassoulet bee Southern France saaŋkompare yipɔge  bɛŋɛ zeɛre , a ama ba maŋ waa ŋaa  baked beans naŋ e ba yipɔge bondirii naŋ be a North America,  a bondirii ama e la bone ba naŋ d a de a wuli a Europe paaloŋ noba a 1528 yuomo na poɔ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160816223642/http://www.kidcyber.com.au/food-history-a-timeline/ "Food History: A timeline"]. ''Kid Cyber''. Archived from [http://www.kidcyber.com.au/food-history-a-timeline/ the original] on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.</ref> A e la yelmeŋa ka a Bɔrefɔ noba de la ba yɛŋ a soŋ maale ne a bondimaale boma naŋ e a ba saaŋkompare yipɔge  naŋ e a amerirca bommaale.<ref>Keith Stavely, Kathleen Fitzgerald (2004). [[iarchive:americasfounding00stav|''America's Founding Food: The Story of New England Cooking''.]] University of North Carolina Press. pp.&#x20;51–58. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780807828946</bdi>.</ref> A nea  a zaa ka a bɛŋɛ lɔre ama ba naŋ maŋ de a maale ne a bondirii ama da e la boma ba naŋ maaala a America poɔ a wagere na a Mayan naaloŋ diibu wagere. A bondirii ama baked beans, a bɛŋɛ ane bacon da e la boma banaŋ baŋ a medieval England<ref>Brears, Peter (1 May 2012). ''Cooking and Dining in Medieval England''. Prospect Books. p.&#x20;260. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781903018873</bdi>. <q>Broad beans were a major field crop in medieval England. Presumably they were eaten fresh in July and August, being boiled with bacon as they were up to the mid-twentieth century." ,""Drawn beans cook as in the first recipe, adding a large onion and a pinch of saffron"</q></ref><ref>Mark McWilliams (2012). "The Story behind the Dish: Classic American Foods: Classic American Foods". Denver, Colorado: Greenwood Press. p.&#x20;11. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780313385100</bdi>.</ref><ref>Vogler, Penn (October 2024). ''STUFFED: A HISTORY OF GOOD FOOD AND HARD TIMES IN BRITAIN''. Atlantic Books. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9781838955762</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A zama mustard ama banaŋ de eŋ poɔ da yi la gbaŋgbale poɔ a New England a 19^th century poɔ, yi la a saaŋkompare 17^th century naŋ yi Staffordshire, Engand, a maŋ waa seere,ane mustard, hams, bɛŋɛ, zama, bee leeks. A boma ama banaŋ maŋ de a lantaa a maale ne baked bɛŋɛ a zenɛ. A 19^th century a cookbook yi la gbaqgbale a New England poɔ, yaare la  te ta United State ane Canada, paaloŋ poɔ. A Turkey, kuru fasulye yie taa ne a bɛmpelaa zeɛre ba naŋ maŋ de toose a maale ne. === A Saadayel Mannoo a America poɔ === American baked beans (bɛŋɛ) bondirii ama piilu wagere na baŋ tuuli la a leɛ gaa puori a gaa a 19^th century yuomo na poɔ, a yɛlɛ ama la soŋ ka a saadayel a toɔ manne a kyaare ne a bondirii maaloo a yi a Pilgrims, a saŋa la ka a mannoo ŋa meŋa da manne a kyaare a yi a paaloŋ deme meŋa noɔreŋ. Keith Stavely ane Kathleen Fitzgerald sɛge la wuli ka danseɛ zaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka a America paaloŋ noba meŋa la doge a bɛŋɛ ama ne a danseɛŋ pare vuo na ba naŋ mane wuli na., aa ne a zaa ka a bondirii ama maaloo sobie da e la bone banaŋ de tona ne toma, azuiŋ a America poɔ bɛŋɛ dogebo la ba de, a meŋ na baŋ wuli ka ba de  la a Bɔrefɔ (English ) kɔkɔre dogebo sobiri meŋ maaale a yii a bɔrefɔ kɔkɔre noba mine naŋ zeŋ a ba poɔ. == Canned baked beans == =Sommo Yizie= [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] jf05azcv94q3di4edj3ljhjrfqtcr4g 0 7375 63647 63484 2026-08-03T15:58:49Z Vision L1 19 63647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q102181128}}'''Betteraves marinées''' e la bondiraa maalebu wulibu sori naŋ da be yiri mine naŋ be Canada French-yeleba mine poɔŋ. Ba da maŋ de biŋ ba siimaa awaana winter. A beets maŋ gmaa bare, ba doge a de eŋ jars poɔŋ. Kyε ba maŋ pɔge neŋ ,kyε naŋ e fɔre-fɔre neŋ vinegar, mustard seeds, beet water aneŋ sugar, bam maŋ jar pɔge wiyεŋ ka sεsεgere ta kpε bii a yi jar<ref>"[https://chefcuisto.com/recette/betterave-marinee/ Recette - Betterave marinées]" (consulted 21-11-2020)</ref><ref>[https://www.recettes.qc.ca/recettes/recette/betteraves-marinees-380 Betteraves marinées]", www.recettes.qc.ca (consulted 23-04-2019)</ref>. A beets na baŋ kauhe a ta yuomo. A betteraves marinées diibu maŋ noma ka a naŋ mãã. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ nyε == * Cuisine of Quebec * Acadian cuisine * Canadian cuisine == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] povkxl7jzwbttvjk7hc6zf86f00n2a0