Wikipiideɛ dgawiki https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gamp%C9%9Bl%C9%9B_zu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Duoro bimbu zie Be o yoŋ Yeli Toma daana Toma daana yeli Wikipedia Wikipedia yeli Duoro kɔre Duoro kɔre yeli MediaWiki MediaWiki yeli Tɛmpileti Tɛmpileti yeli Sombo Sombo yeli Gbuli Gbuli yeli TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Kwame Nkrumah 0 965 63996 63654 2026-08-28T18:10:55Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200615140618/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." === London === Nkrumah da leu gaaye London a May 1945 puong kye kpe a [[London School of Economics]] aŋa a PhD ning‘lugiroo a [[Anthropology]]. O da leu eree a sukuu ‘biihi ‘yuobu ti ta ba bahibu puoring a yuoni pring ung da kpe [[University College London]], ning a nimbi-zie ing ka o seu a bambu bii daanhibu buobu siing lemeleme a "Knowledge and Logical Positivism"<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F649838</ref>. o ningkpong , [[A. J. Ayer]], zaanhibu ka o maahi nye Nkrumah aŋa a "first-class philosopher",a yela , "ing nungla o yela ane a mang ‘wong noo ning o yeliyaga kye o da ba ‘woning wa ung taa haakila . O da buora ‘ihi jugihibu nuori wieng ‘wieng. ing teiha ka tilahi chelee da e la ka o da ba cheliha kpiengaa ko a yelinyogiruu . bila da e la sori nang wono a wagere a gara ka a sori ‘yuobu wa ka o leu gaa Gaana<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ." A baaraa , Nkrumah da kpee , kye da ba baare , a karimbo ko begu a [[Gray's Inn]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah dia o wagere ko paalikaa-yelitare langbo o minga ane Padmore da paahiye a zu-daana lambu ‘yi-diereba, ane libi-kaareba ,ko a Fifth [[Pan-African]] Congress a Manchester (15–19 October 1945)<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC</ref>. A gbebogu-ahiba langbo ‘bigihi ta a ''.''taanhu yelitarihi segihibu ko a vuori saamba wa die paaluu kaara.Ba da sagi a ‘tu bau a federal United States of Africa, ning with liriha taa paaloo lambo, a kaara yi welihibo paalihi ko ngmaa sori berii kpiengu<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-954X.00231</ref>. Ba da segehiye a tu bau ko a new African lasiri kye ba taa dogirii welibu,yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela ning lang’dima tumbo, laanha lanna taaba dangkaari yeli ‘lombori kanga ning bungpaalaa tiehibo , ane ka a bila nga nye yi non-violent wulee ka a na e la tuongbo<ref>http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf</ref>. A paahi noba nang gaa a lambo da e la bungtiinhuu [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] a ning mine nang da dia yidiebo toma ka ba e yi-dieriba ko a paaloo so-n-minga deme a paahi [[Hastings Banda]] of [[Nyasaland]] (nang leu Malawi), [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ko [[Kenya]] ane [[Obafemi Awolowo]] ko[[Nigeria]]<ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==== Increased power of the Convention People's Party ==== A 1962, baapaaba Mɛmbare bata mine naŋ be CPP da taa la eebo kyaare plot ka ba da saa Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ naŋ be a motorcade. A yelmennoŋ naŋ be kyaare a plotters la na da zoe a lɔɔrɛ yineŋ a Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ. A naŋ wuli ka a guguro da bebe la, Nkrumah da iree a guguro o tomaŋ naŋ be a state security court, kyɛ da vɛŋ a CPP-dominated parliament biŋ merɛ kyaare ne a yɛlɛ. A gbɛre boyi soba, dɔba bata zaa da taa kūū yi a yɛlɛ, kyɛ a naŋ wuli ka a nyɔgebo ŋa da wuli ka ba gaa pɔgebo dieŋ a ba nyɔvori gbuli zaa. Yi a be, a begemaale ganne da leɛ taa maalo kaa ba da ko a perɛsidɛn faŋa ka o da iri a gyaagyiri naŋ be a ɔfere naŋ zaa. A 1964, Nkrumah da maalɛɛ begimaaale ganne yɛlɛ leɛroo naŋ na vɛŋ a CPP ka o da e a politikal paate naŋ taa sagedeebo, neŋ Nkrumah ka o e a perɛsidɛn ko a teŋɛ ane a paati.Gane leɛroo da taa la sagedeebo neŋ 99.91 % yi a kɔɔ poɔ vootu bie, naŋ da vɛŋ a noba banaŋ na da kaara ka ba da yeli yelgaalema ka a vootu da eɛ "obviously rigged". Ghana da eɛ teŋɛ neŋ paati yeni yi a ba independence. A leɛroo da vɛŋɛɛ Nkrumah's perɛsidɛn da leɛ gaa a ''de facto'' legal dictatorship. === Civil service === Yi a puori kyaare substantial Africanization ko a civil service a 1952–60, a noɔre ko a expatriates da la zɛge do la saa a 1960 te ta 1965. A noba ba naŋ na kaara yiwaabo zie da ba e a United Kingdom kyɛ da e Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, ane Italy. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal_winter-1966-1967_22_1/page/161|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-affairs_1967-10_43_4/page/779|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofrevolu0000nkru |date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahfath0000birm |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_1974-10_6_2/page/9|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |url=https://archive.org/details/nyerereafricaend0000mwak |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nyerereafricaend0000mwak/page/347 347]–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000unse_z3j7 |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000unse_z3j7/page/217 217]–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222153413/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%25Cold%25Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Chairpersons of the African Union]] [[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in Romania]] [[Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian Christian socialists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966]] [[Category:Ghanaian pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Ministers for the interior of Ghana]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Presidents for life]] [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:United Gold Coast Convention politicians]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian independence activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Marxists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in Romania]] [[Category:Akan people]] [[Category:Imperialism studies]] [[Category:Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Presidents of Guinea]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian Freemasons]] [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] [[Category:Nensaala]] gpibfp0p1rz7v2sa59aw4l8yavkvj5g Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology 0 966 63994 63668 2026-08-28T18:08:35Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1654025}} '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology''' ('''KNUST)''' eɛ "public" Yunivesniti aŋ be a Gaana poɔ.<ref>https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/kwame-nkrumah-university-science-technology-529441</ref> Ka o yelinimbi zuiŋ la ka o te mɛ bee maale neŋ "Science and Technology" yɛlɛ. A "Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology" eɛ "public" Yuniveniti aŋ be a [[Ghana]] poɔ, a la e a sakuu kpoŋ ne kaŋa na be a "Kumasi Metropolis" neŋ a "Ashanti Region" gyaa aŋ be a Ghana poɔ. Ka e naŋ kaa a "KNUST" maalibu te gyɛɡɛɛ a Nba Agyeman Prempeh I, a Kumasi naa paaloŋ Nakpoŋ teɛhuuŋ, ka ka O mɛ Yuniveniti a Kumasi poɔ te gyɛɡe a Kumasi naa paaloŋ baabo. O teɛhuuŋ soŋ ŋa yɛŋ da ba nyɛ eebo bo gyuŋ a Kumasi Naa paaloŋ aneŋ "British Empire" naŋ da taa tage ka n tage gyuŋ.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406566</ref> Kyɛ o yɔɔdɔɔ ŋa ba naŋ da boɔla King Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II naŋ deɛ o nakogi ŋa a yuoni 1935 o kuuŋ puoriŋ. O noɔriŋ, yɛlɛ mine eŋɛ a "Cape Cost" poɔŋ. Aminel a, dɛndɛŋ soba la o naŋ mɛ a Yuniveniti College naŋ be a Cape Coast poɔ. A yiiluŋ siba la a 1948 Accra dɔɔne.<ref>{{Cite news|title=August 11, 1948: The University College of the Gold Coast is established by Ordinance|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2017/8/11/august-11-1948-the-university-college-of-the-gold-coast-is-established-by-ordinance|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Lɛ ŋa waa ne la pēɛroo k’o na la ka ba da boɔla "Watson Commission" naŋ wulo ka ba mɛ Yuniveniti ɔf "science" a Kumasi poɔŋ.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Report on the Riots of 1948|title=The Ghana Reader|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822359845|year=2016|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822359845/page/259 259]–264|publisher=Duke University Press|doi=10.1215/9780822374961-052|isbn=978-0-8223-7496-1}}</ref> Tɔɔ, a N ba Prempeh teɛree ŋa da nyɛ la eebo a yuoni 1949, saŋa na meɛbo naŋ da wa piili bone na ba naŋ na boɔle ka "Kumasi College of Technology" eŋɛ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/1/23/january-22-1952-kumasi-college-of-technology-is-established|title=January 22, 1952: Kumasi College of Technology is established|work=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|access-date=2018-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi da tere la adimisiŋ ko o fɔrɔ sakuebiiri kyaare ne ne a "engineering" gbuli 1951 poɔ (ane a lɛ zaa, ana sakuebiiri na piili la ganzanne yɛlɛ 1952 poɔ), ka begemaale die nɔbinnaa ko a Yuniveniti sori ka a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi e o pare piiraa 1952 poɔ.<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.|title=Kumasitech : the journal of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|oclc=10102282}}</ref> A kolaagyi pare da ti la ne karemamine zannoo sakuebiiri 200 naŋ toɔle yi Achimota Kolaagyi naŋ be a "Greater Accra" Irigyin poɔ. A kolaagyi da be la a Yunivesniti ɔf "London" nuuri poɔ. 1961 poɔ, a kolaagyi da nyɛ la sori a are Yuniveniti voaraa.<ref name="Daniel">{{cite web|url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |title=THE UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA |access-date=10 March 2007 |author=G. F. Daniel |work=Development of University Education in Ghana |date=17 April 1998 |publisher=University of Ghana}}</ref> A Yuniveniti kɔlaagyi la teŋgane gbaŋgbale noɔre naŋ e 2,512.96 e-karre (1,016.96 ha).<ref name="Dzisi 2016">{{cite web|url= http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/10171/1/DZISI%20EMMANUEL%20JR%20Thesis%20%285%29NEW%20NEW.pdf |title=Assessment of bicycle transportation on the KNUST Campus |last=Dzisi|first=Emmanuel|date=2016|work=MSc. Thesis|publisher=KNUST Dspace|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> A sakuuri meŋ gbaŋgbale naŋ ta eŋ sekɔɛ malli ayoɔpõĩ, e la ŋa malli anii (8 km) gɛrɛ Kumasi east seŋ, Ashanti Irigyinnal teŋkpoŋ.<ref name="UGOO">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2006 |title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, KUMASI |access-date=11 March 2007 |work=Universities |publisher=Universities of Ghana Overseas Office}}</ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Fɔrɔ yelkorɔ === A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi yuo la 22 Gyɛnoɔre 1952 eŋɛ ne karemamine zannoo sakuebiiri 200 ba naŋ toɔle yi ne Achimota, gaa ne a kolaagyi paalaa pare pi zie.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Woets|first=Rhoda|chapter=Achimota School|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781135000356-rem751-1|isbn=978-1-135-00035-6}}</ref> Ɔɔtoore 1952 poɔ, a sakuuri ɔf "Engineering" ane a "Department of Commerce" da meɛ la ka ba de fɔrɔ sakuebiiri. A "Pharmacy Department" da meɛ la Gyoonnoɔre 1953 poɔ, ne a Sakuuri ɔf "Pharmacy" koroo yi Korle Bu "Teaching Hospital", Accra, toɔle gaa ne a kolaagyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us – Brief History |url=https://kbth.gov.gh/brief-history/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-GB}}</ref> A zannoo gbuli die e la yuomo ayi kyegebo zannoo bɔgere Pharmacy eŋɛ naŋ wane a Pharmacy Board Certificate kyɔɔtaa terebo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garritano|first=Carmela|title=African video movies and global desires : a Ghanaian history|url=https://archive.org/details/africanvideomovi0000garr|date=2013|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-484-5|oclc=824733582}}</ref> Dagerekɔlkya zannoo gbuli die da yuo la ana yuoni na ne o zu na tere "ad hoc" zannoo bɔgere ne a kaŋa zaa zannoo vuo, a yi zannoo vuo awola te tɔ yuomo ata, ko a Dagerekɔlkya Minisiri. General Studies Zannoo Gbuli Die da kuree na nare sakuuri biiri kyaare ne a Haayɛ Sakuuri Sɛtefekete Gyennoo "Science ane Arts" zannoo bɔgere poɔ a tere daanoo zannoo bɔgere poɔ aŋa a zannoo gbuli die mine naŋ boɔrɔ lɛ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A general index of the agricultural reports of the Patent Office, for twenty-five years, from 1837 to 1861; and of the Department of Agriculture, for fifteen years, from 1862 to 1876|url=https://archive.org/details/generalindexofag01unit|date=1879|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|doi=10.5479/sil.1048544.39088002284578}}</ref> A yi 1952 te tɔ 1955, a School of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Engineering, KNUST |url=https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Knust Ghana}}</ref> da nare la biiri kyaane ne karigyugi kɔlefekaasiŋ yoŋ. 1955 poɔ, a sakuuri da kyɛ la gbɛre zannoo bɔgere eŋɛ kara ne a University of London Bachelor of Engineering External Degree Examinations.<ref name="KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED">{{Cite web|title=KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED|url=https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/knust/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> 1957 poɔ, Kuribu Gɔɔloŋ Sakuuri, Teŋɛ Narebo ane Meɛbo da piilee la. O da de la o fɔrɔ sakuubiiri gyoonnoɔre 1958 poɔ, kyaare ne karigyugi zannoo bɔgere.<ref name=official/> A kolaagyi naŋ yɛllɛ, hakele da laŋ la taa maale a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi science ane tɛkenologyi yoŋ zannoo zie.<ref name=official>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=Kumasi College of Technology, KNUST officially opened in 1952 |url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/kumasi-college-of-technology-now-kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-was-officially-opened/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ghanaian Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> A yelnyɔgeraa ŋa tuubo eŋɛ, a Karemamine Zannoo Kolaagyi, a yi a Art School yoŋ puoriŋ, da wɛle gaa la a Winneba Zannoo Kolaagyi Gyoonnoɔre 1958 poɔ; 1959 poɔ a Commerce zannoo gbuli die da toɔle gaa la Achimota na maale a zenɛ sakuuri Administration ko a University of Ghana, Legon pare piiraa.<ref name="KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Today marks 68 years since KNUST was officially opened {{!}} GhHeadlines Total News Total Information |url=http://www.ghheadlines.com/agency/ghana-web-/20200122/133726508/today-marks-68-years-since-knust-was-officially-opened |date=22 January 2020|access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Ghana Headlines |language=en-US}}</ref> Disembare 1960 poɔ, a Ghana gɔmenante da iri la a University Commission ka o na teɛ o hakelɛ a yuniveniti ganzanne baabo eŋɛ, a kyaare ne a gbɛdegere na zɛge a Ghana yuniveniti kolaagyi ane a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi eŋ Ghana Sommeŋɛ Yuniveniti.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nanyele|first1=Stephen|last2=Kuranchie|first2=Alfred|last3=Owusu-Addo|first3=Augustine|date=2018-10-30|title=Classroom management practices and student disruptive behavior|journal=Integrity Journal of Education and Training|volume=2|issue=2|pages=6–14|doi=10.31248/ijet2018.021|issn=2636-5995|doi-access=free}}</ref> A yi a kɔmeseŋ duoro o naŋ tere, naŋ yi a 1961 piiluu poɔ, a gɔmenante da maale la teɛroŋ na mɛ Sommeŋɛ yunivenitiri ayi Kumasi ane Legon, Accra poɔ.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite journal| last1=Appiah |first1=CA| last2=Samwini |first2=AM| last3=Brown| first3=PK|last4=Hayford|first4=FEA|last5=Asamoah-Boakye|first5=O|date=2020-05-12|title=Proximate composition and serving sizes of selected composite Ghanaian soups|journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development|volume=20|issue=3|pages=15898–15918|doi=10.18697/ajfand.91.18055|issn=1684-5374|doi-access=free|hdl=10394/34922|hdl-access=free}}</ref> A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi lɛ na da leɛrɛɛ la, R. P. Baffour kaabo eŋɛ,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Institute Of Architects – Ghana Institute Of Architects|url=https://gia.com.gh/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> eŋ yuniveniti gbuli eŋɛ, ka begemaale die noɔre leɛ pore o ka '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology''' 22 Ɔɔgore 1961 eŋɛ. A yuori eŋ la Kwame Nkrumah, a fɔrɔ prime minisa ane a puoriŋ Ghana yidaandɔɔ.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gyoonnoɔre 1966 poɔ, Marr Grounds, American/Australian artist naŋ da kpeɛrɛ California poɔ ana saŋa, da nyɛ la kaa iruu a e wulwulo kuribu gɔɔloŋ poɔ yuomo ayi, sɛre kyɛ de gaa a University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design ane Planning 1968 poɔ.<ref name=interview2015/> A yuori da leɛrɛɛ la gaa University of Science ane Technology a 24 Fɛboɔre 1966 zɔɔre naŋ da wa baare. A University of Science ane Technology da nyɛ la kuribu meŋɛ Tadaare, 20 Nyɔgevenne 1961 eŋɛ. Ane a lɛ zaa, begemaale die noɔre kaŋa meŋ (Act 559 of 1998) da leɛre la a yuori gaa ne o yuori meŋɛ, a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology, Kumasi.<ref name="KNUST_History">{{cite web|url=http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=14&sid=94&id=115|title=Our History|work=Official Website|publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|access-date=29 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164113/http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=14&sid=94&id=115|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Organization ane administration == === Principal officers === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a vuo ko a chancellor da taa la eebo neŋ Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. === Governing body === Governance taa la soɔbo ko a University Council, naŋ taa eebo ko a Academic Board, naŋ taa tonnoɔre ko a: * formulating and carrying out the academic policy of the university * devising and regulating the courses of instruction and study, and supervising research * regulating the conduct of examinations and the award of degrees, diplomas and certificates * advising the University Council on the admission of students and the award of scholarships * reporting on such matters as may be referred to it by the University Council === A sakuubiiri zannoo a university administration === Sakuubiiri naŋ be a KNUST Students' Representative Council (KNUST SRC) da paalɛɛŋ a administration naŋ be a university yi a ba wederoŋ naŋ na kaara a University Council, Academic Board, a Welfare Services Board, Faculty ane Departmental Boards, Residence Committee, Library Committee naŋ be a Hall Councils. A council maŋ tona neŋ la baagyɛt naŋ kyaare a organizations, kyɛ o meŋ eɛ funds social events ane student initiatives. A sole representative student government, a KNUST SRC maŋ terɛɛ sakubiiri boɔbo teseŋ a lambo mine kyɛ meŋ da tere duoruu ko a sakubiiri. === Collegiate system === KNUST taa la, yi January 2005, da yie koroŋ zaa a gaa centralized system ko a administration a da be a decentralized collegiate university. A buo naŋ poɔ, a faculties zaa laŋɛɛ taare a da maale kolagyiri ayoɔbo. A university da taa la toma neŋ a faculty-based system. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ wahala da bebe a administrative yi a faculties paale a and institutes ka a tõɔ vɛŋ baabo be a sakubiiri zannoo yeltare. Ka banna naŋ maale yɛlɛ, a collegiate system da taa la eebo yi a 29 November 2004. A 5 April 2005, a pioneering provosts da taa la eebo naŋ da bebe a ɔfere naŋ be a Great Hall ko a KNUST. A kolagyiri la a semi-autonomous, ŋaa wuli ka ba da taa la na meŋɛ faŋa ka ba toŋ bamenne toma kyɛ damaŋ nyɛrɛ sommo yire a central administration kyaare libi-yɛlɛ. A college registrar, finance officer ane librarian da toŋɛɛ a provosts. Paale a poɔ e la faculties, centres ane institutes, naŋ taa wederoŋ neŋ deans ane directors. Naŋ e wederɛ ko a colleges, a provosts da terɛɛ academic ane administrative wederoŋ ko a colleges kyɛ maŋ kaara a ba toma yeltare zaa. === Sakuubilii === * Accra Institute of Technology * Akim State University College<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asuc.edu.gh/|title=Akim State University College &#124; Asuc &#124; Ghana|website=asuc}}</ref> * All Nations University College * Central University College * Kaaf University College * DataLink University College(DLUC) * Garden City University College * Ghana Telecom University College * Ho Polytechnic * Osei Tutu II Institute for Advanced ICT Studies * Regent University College * Spiritan Institute / Spiritan University College<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134413/http://www.spiritanuc.edu.gh/ Spiritan University College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134413/http://www.spiritanuc.edu.gh/ |date=22 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Institutions affiliated to KNUST">{{Cite web |date=12 October 2009 |title=Affiliated Institutions |url=http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=123 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012121619/http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=123 |archive-date=12 October 2009 |website=KNUST}}</ref> Disembare 2019 poɔ, noɔreyeni boore da golgoli la a Gambian gɔmenante ane Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology kpakyaga na meɛ Science, Technology ane Engineering University A Gambia poɔ. Emmo poɔ, a administrative ane wulluu bomma na e la, ane kaabo na be la a KNUST nuuri poɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/knust-to-establish-science-technology-university-in-the-gambia.html|title=KNUST to establish Science, Technology University in The Gambia|date=2019-12-17|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> == Zannoo Yeltare == [[File:Peace Pole, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg|thumb|The [[Peace Pole]] was erected on the university campus on 21 September 2006, [[International Day of Peace]]. The pole is made of a 105-year-old [[sapele]] tree that used to stand in the university's botanical garden. The pole is {{convert|16.7|m|ft|abbr=off}} tall. Indigenous symbols have been carved in bas-relief on it in five languages ([[Akan language|Twi]]—a local language in Ghana, [[Standard Hindi|Hindi]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]). The peace prayer on the pole says: "May peace be upon Earth".]] Yi a 2010/11 zannoo yuoni, a kolaagyiri mine tona neŋ la a two-tier system, kyɛ ka a mine naŋ tona neŋ a three-tier system. === Kolagyi ko Agriculture ane Natural Resources CANR === * Faculty of Agriculture ** Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scroggs|first=Claud L.|date=December 1975|title=The Relevance of University Research and Extension Activities in Agricultural Economics to Agribusiness Firms|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-agricultural-economics_1975-12_57_5/page/883|journal=American Journal of Agricultural Economics|volume=57|issue=5|pages=883–888|doi=10.2307/1239098|jstor=1239098|issn=0002-9092}}</ref> ** Department of Animal Sciences<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-03 |title=Deduako residents, pets benefit from health screening by KNUST Health Sciences Students Association - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/deduako-residents-pets-benefit-from-health-screening-by-knust-health-sciences-students-association/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ** Department of Crop and Soil Sciences<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Quee|first1=Dan David|last2=Sarkodie-Addo|first2=Joseph|last3=Conteh|first3=Abdul Rahman|last4=Tarawali|first4=Abdul Rahman|title=Assessment of Weed Management Strategies on Growth and Yield of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana.|date=2016-01-21|publisher=Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers|oclc=942772318}}</ref> ** Department of Horticulture<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=NSA signs MoU with KNUST to aid sports development - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsa-signs-mou-with-knust-to-aid-sports-development/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}</ref> * Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources ** Department of Agroforestry<sup>[''citation needed'']</sup> ** Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management ** Department of Silviculture and Forest Management ** Department of Wildlife and Range Management ** Department of Wood Science and Technology * Faculty of Forest Resources Technology ** Department of Ecotourism and Forest Recreation ** Department of Land Reclamation and Rehabilitation ** Department of Social Forestry ** Department of Wood Processing and Marketing === Kolagyi ko Health Sciences === * Faculty of Allied Health Sciences ** Department of Medical Diagnostics ** Department of Medical Imaging ** Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science * Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ** Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ** Department of Pharmacology ** Department of Pharmacognosy ** Department of Pharmacy Practice ** Department of Pharmaceutics ** Department of Herbal Medicine * School of Dentistry * School of Medical Sciences * School of Veterinary Medicine * School of Nursing and Midwifery === Kplagyi ko Humanities ane Social Sciences === * Faculty of Law * Faculty of Social Sciences ** Department of Economics ** Department of English ** Department of Geography and Rural Development ** Department of History and Political Studies ** Department of Modern Languages currently called the department of Language and Communication Sciences. ** Department of Religious Studies ** Department of Sociology and Social Work * School of Business ** Department of Supply Chain and Information Systems. ** Department of Marketing and Corporate Strategy ** Department of Human Resource and Organizational Development. ** Department of Accounting and Finance Kolagyiri naŋ be two-tier system (Provost/Head ko Department): === Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | width = 350 | image2 = Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG | alt2 = | caption2 = The College of Art and Built Environment | image3 = College of Engineering, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.JPG | alt3 = | caption3 = [[Laboratory|Lab]]/[[Office buildings|office block]] of the [[College of Engineering]] | image4 = Solar panels, KNUST.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = [[Solar panel]]s on a roof in the [[College of Engineering (KNUST)|College of Engineering]]}} Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment Lab/ɔfere dankyini a Engineering kolaagyi Solar panels naŋ dɔgele dankyini zu eŋɛ a Engineering kolaagyi poɔ : A Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment naŋ da daŋ e a Kuribo Gɔɔloŋ ane Narebo kuree la Gyoonnoɔre 2005 poɔ a poɔ a Yuniveniti leɛ maaloo na eŋ a Collegiate Tuuroŋ. A leɛ maaloo poɔ, a Environmental ane Development studies (FEDS) Zannoo gbuli ane a Institute of Land Management and Development (ILMAD) da laŋ la taa na meɛ a kolaagyi. FEDS taa la zannoo gbuli deri ata: Department of Architecture, department of Building Technology ane Department of Housing and Planning Research. ILMAD taa la zannoo gbuli deri ayi, Department of Land Economy ane a Land Resources Centre. A kolaagyi pampana taa la zannoo gbuli bɔgere ayi, wulluu zannoo gbulo deri pie ane peɛroo zannoo zie boŋyeni: :* Department of Communication Design :* Department of General Art Studies :* Department of Painting and Sculpture :* Department of Integrated Rural Art/Industry :* Department of Industrial Art :* Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology :* Department of Publishing Studies :* Department of Architecture :* Department of Building Technology :* Department of Land Economy :* Department of Planning :* Centre for Settlements Studies :* Centre for Land Studies === Engineering Kolaagyi === :* Dagerekɔlkya Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Aerospace Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Chemical Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Civil Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Kɔmpiita Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Electrical Engineering/Electronic Engineering & Telecommunication Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geological Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geodetic Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geomatic Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Materials Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Mechanical Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Petroleum Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die === Science Kolaagyi === Zipeɛre:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Science, KNUST |url=https://cos.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=College of Science, KNUST}}</ref> : A yoe ama naŋ tu e la zannoo gbuli deri naŋ be a science kolaagyi eŋɛ, KNUST. :* Biochemistry ane Biotechnology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Chemistry Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Kɔmpiita Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Environmental Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Food Science ane Technology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Mathematics Zannoo Gbuli Die<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Department of Mathematics |url=https://math.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Department of Mathematics Knust}}</ref> :* Optometry ane Visual Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Physics Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Theoretical ane Applied Biology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Statistics ane Actuarial Sciences Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Department of Meteorology Zannoo Gbuli Die === Peɛroo Ziiri === * Bureau of Integrated Research and Development * Centre for Biodiversity Utilisation and Development (CBUD) * Centre for Cultural and African Studies * Centre for Human Studies * Dairy/Beef Research Station * The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre, College Of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://energycenter.knust.edu.gh/pages/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013054038/http://energycenter.knust.edu.gh/pages/index.php|url-status=dead|title=The Energy Center|archive-date=13 October 2009}}</ref> * Kumasi Center For Collaborative Research (KCCR) in collaboration with the German Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine<ref>{{Cite web |title=KCCR 20th Anniversary Durbar – KCCR |url=https://kccr-ghana.org/kccr-20th-anniversary-durbar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064601/http://kccr-ghana.org/kccr/ |archive-date=18 September 2009 |website=Kccr Ghana}}</ref> * National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (NIMS) * Technology Consultancy Centre (TCC) * Laboratory For Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis (LISA) * Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kumasi (RWESCK) * Centre for Settlement Studies * Regional Transport Research and Education Centre, Kumasi (TRECK) ==== Ghana Journalists naŋ zanne a Focus FM eŋɛ ==== * Nana Kwadwo Jantuah * Edward Oppong Marfo * Kwame Adinkra * Kojo Akoto Boateng * Louis Kwame Sakyiamah (Lexis Bill) * Anita Kuma * Kojo Akoto Boateng === Tiivi === TEK TV la a sakuuri tiivi zinyɔgeraa ko a Yuniveniti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbagbo |first=Julitta |date=15 June 2016 |title=KNUST To Launch TV Station Called TEK TV - Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students |url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/06/knust-to-launch-tv-station-called-tek-tv/ |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=Kuulpeeps |language=en-US}}</ref> == Nentegerɛ == === Sakuubikorɔ nentegerɛ mine === Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology Bikorɔ Yoe Muuli kyɛ meŋ nyu: Gbuli:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology bikorɔ * UN Gansɛgerɛ-Gyɛneral ane Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Kofi Annan zanne la KNUST eŋɛ * Kwaku Aning ane Hackman Owusu-Agyeman la a diplomats mine naŋ baare KNUST * Aliu Mahama Ghana Yidaandɔɔ potuuri a yi 2001 te tɔ 2008, zanne la KNUST eŋɛ * Edward Kwame Wiredu, Ghana kyif Justice koroo, meŋ da e la sakuubie KNUST eŋɛ * Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings, Ghana pɔge fɔrɔ koroo * Samira Bawumia, Ghana pɔgeba bayi soba (2017–2025) * Thomas Mensah, CEO koroo ko GNPC ane chemical engineer graduated yi KNUST College of Engineering * Alex Mould, Ghana Gas CEO * Benjamin Asante * Charles Darku, Tullow Ghana Limited CEO koroo * Amma Darko, a yelyagesɛgerɛ gaa la KNUST * Chris Attoh, deɛndeɛnɛ gaa la KNUST * Nana Otuo Siriboe, a Juabenhene meŋ naŋ e a Chairman of Council of State * King Tackie Teiko Tsuru II, Gã Mantse ko a Ga-Adangbe noba ane Yidaandɔɔ ko a Ga Traditional Council * Ernest Aryeetey, ɛkɔnɔmese ane Vice Chancellor koroo ko a University of Ghana baare la KNUST * Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Minisa kpoŋ baare la KNUST * Pamela Mbabazi, Dakogi zu soba ko a Uganda Planning Authority meŋ da e la sakuubie KNUST eŋɛ. === Gambanneba nentegerɛ === Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology gane wulwulbo * Francis Allotey, mathematician * Aba Andam, physicist * Ablade Glover, artist * Marr Grounds, American / Australian artist ane architecture wulwulo 1966–7 poɔ <ref name=interview2015>{{cite interview| first=Marr| last=Grounds| title=Interview with Marr Grounds| date= 30 March 2015| interviewer-first= Deborah| interviewer-last= Edwards | url=https://www.datocms-assets.com/42890/1614405141-groundsmarrinterviewv2018-12-11.pdf| format=transcript| series= Art Gallery of New South Wales Archive: Balnaves Foundation Australian Sculpture Archive Project|others=[[Balnaves Foundation]]|publisher= [[Art Gallery of NSW]]| quote=This is an edited transcript of a recorded interview.}}</ref> * Thomas Mensah, chemical engineer * Letitia Obeng, peɛroo scientist * == Kyɔɔtaɛ == A 2023, a university da taa nimitɔɔre gaabo neŋ Times Higher Education naŋ e a noɔre ko a sakuuri sonne a tendaa. A kyɔɔtaɛ da taa la eebo neŋ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4). A November 2019, KNUST da taa la iruuŋ neŋ a university in Ghana sonne ane West Africa yi ''U.S. News & World Report'' kyɛ naŋ taa a yelkorɔ a 2020. O da taa la zɛgeroŋ a do are a 14th soba a Africa ane 706th a tendagbuli zaa, naŋ a tendagbuli semmo neŋ 42.4. KNUST da la a dɛndɛŋ university a West Africa naŋ da di a 2018, 2019 ane 2020 Pan African Universities Debate Championship a tutaa. KNUST la a dɛndɛŋ university a Ghana naŋ da di a Ghana national noɔre ko a Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court kyakya. A university meŋ da die a Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court gbɛre bota. A December 2020 KNUST da a dɛndɛŋ soba ko a university a Africa naŋ di a Pan African Universities Debating Championship gbɛre bota zaa. === Department ko Food Science ane Technology === A December 2024, a West Africa Competitiveness Programme (WACOMP), yi UNIDO ane EU funding, vɛŋɛɛ KNUST's Food Science ane Technology Laboratory da e a dɛndɛŋ public university naŋ be a Ghana naŋ paale neŋ a ISO/IEC 17025:2017, providing SMEs neŋ bondiiri sonnoŋ kaabo. == Sakuubiiri Wederoŋ == === Student Representative Council. === Yvonne Osei Adobea da die a SRC yidaandɔɔloŋ/wederoŋ nuneɛ a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology (KNUST) eŋɛ 26 Gyoonnoɔre 2023 eŋɛ. A yaga ŋaa diibu da bare la bɔge a fɔrɔ soba pɔge naŋ de a Student's Representative Council KNUST eŋɛ wederoŋ o yuomo 71 yelkorɔ poɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2023-07-27 |title="A woman of many firsts": Records set by the first female SRC President of KNUST |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/238461-yvonne-osei-addobea-records-set-by-elected-female-src-president-knust/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Yen - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> Kane Nana Francis la tu o puori 2024 poɔ. === Kolaagyi Kpaaroŋ === Sakuubiiri KNUST poɔ areterɛ la management daɛɛ yaga poɔ. A yi a Student Representative Council naŋ e a sakuubiiri areterɛ, areteɛrɛ mine meŋ bebe la a kolaagyi kaŋa zaa poɔ KNUST eŋɛ. A Science kolaagyi, a Science Students' Association (SCISA) la areko o. A Engineering kolaagyi, a Ghana Association of Engineering Students (GESA) la areko o. == Media == === Radio === Focus FM (94.3 FM) e la university's official radio station. Gbɛɛ gyamaa ba maŋ ire la ''Morning Show'', ''Drive Time'', ''Teknokrat'' ane ''Community Watch''. ==== About Focus FM ==== Focus FM e la network radio naŋ be a campus ko a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology, Kumasi. O yuompiilaa da la 2000 A.D. a stakeholders da la a UNIVERSITY, Student Representative Counsel ane a Graduate Student Association of Ghana. A zie ko a status quo ko a station da taa duoruu teroo, wuli kyɛ la deɛne ko a college network gbuli zaa ane a kori naŋ bebe. A supply of investment soŋe da yue a sakubiiri lɔɔbo Focus FM improvement account. ==== Lɛ Focus FM Naŋ Bigiri ==== Focus FM boɔbo ba e a ka o da ŋmɛ a kyakya a yele naŋ be a paaloŋ, kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ ka a university ka ba paale neŋ nyɔvɔɛ yɛlɛ. Ŋaa la vɛŋ ka o taa tɛɛtɛɛloŋ neŋ commercial ane state radio – ka a kaŋa zaa da ba sɔre public lambo, kyɛ ka ana wa wuli ka a seŋɛɛ ka ba e. Focus FM maŋ terɛɛ democratic kyaare a kpaaroŋ sere amenne kyɛ a naŋ seene ka ba yeli, vuo da bebe la ko noba Ka ba da yeli yɛlɛ bamenne ==== Finance ==== Focus FM ba e libi-bɔ bone. O maŋ nyɛ la o mean bɔ; Focus FM Development Fund, naŋ kyaare a commercial Sponsorship boɔbo naŋ kyaare , naŋ taa e community / listener supported fundraisers. ==Sommo Yizie== {{Reflist}} [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Sakuuri]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == {{Commons}} * {{Official website|http://www.knust.edu.gh/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 Universities of Ghana Overseas Office] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090827124806/http://src.knust.edu.gh/ Students Representative Council] {{KNUSTtemplate|state=uncollapsed}} {{Kumasi topics|state=collapsed}} {{Ashanti topics|state=uncollapsed}} {{Association of African Universities|state=uncollapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science And Technology}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology| ]] [[Category:1952 establishments in Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Ashanti Empire]] [[Category:Education in Kumasi]] [[Category:Forestry education]] [[Category:National universities]] [[Category:Public universities and colleges]] [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1952]] [[Category:Universities in Ghana]] lkcivlzqje46tjwaiweabi9s4bccyxo Leonora van den Heever 0 5244 64004 47075 2026-08-29T00:55:14Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 64004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item= Q105089610}} '''Leonora van den Heever''' (dɔgoo daare la 9 July 1926) e la former judge ko a High Court naŋ be a South Africa. Ona la a South Africa's pɔge dɛndɛŋ sobaa naŋ e a judge ane pɔge dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ nyɛ iruuŋ ka o toŋ a judge toma a Supreme Court kyaare Appeal a South Africa poɔ.<ref>https://atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc1529</ref><ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20250119172244/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Signing%20of%20Civic%20Honours%20Book%20Previous%20Recipients%20booklet.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/31/arts/music/paris-opera-new-season.html</ref> == O Nyɔvooroŋ ane Ganzanne == Van den Heever dɔgoo zie la Windhoek, a e pɔgeyaa ko Toon van den Heever ane Margaretha van den Heever (née Rautenbach). O gaa la C&N Sekondêre Meisieskool Oranje na be Bloemfontein, yi be ka o DA baare a o tertiary zannoo naŋ be University of Pretoria, be o naŋ pɔge, cum laude, a o BA degree naŋ be English ane Latin meŋ la tuuli MA degree, cum laude, a English.<ref>https://www.gcbsa.co.za/law-journals/1988/october/1988-october-vol001-no2-pp21-27.pdf</ref> O meŋ la wullee Normaalkollege na be Bloemfontein kyɛ, naŋ nyɛ eebo yi a o saa, o da piili ne la toma kyaare judges registrar kyɛ meŋ la kyogi ne a LLB part-time naŋ be a University of the Orange Free State, naŋ baare a 1951.<ref>https://www.gcbsa.co.za/law-journals/1999/march/1999-march-vol012-no1-pp33-35.pdf</ref> == Toma == Van den Heever da piili la a toma neŋ advocate a Bloemfontein Bar a 1952 ane a 1968 o da e la senior advocate. A 1969 o da nyɛ la iruuŋ e judge a Northern Cape Division, na da wuli ka ona da la a pɔge dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da e a judge a South Africa. A 1979 o da piili neŋ a toma na be a Bench ko a Cape Provincial Division ane wagere mine na be a 1982 te ta 1985, o da paale la a Bophuthatswana Court kyaare a Appeal.<ref name=":0" /> A 1991 ona da la a pɔge dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ e a judge a nyɛ iruuŋ naŋ toŋ toma kyaare appellate division na be a South African Supreme Court a Bloemfontein be ka o da toŋ lɛŋɛɛ a wa gaa pɛnnoo. O na da gaa pɛnnoo o yuomo 70, o da sagɛɛ neŋ toma mine naŋ da be a Cape Provincial Division a da toŋ toma yuomo mine kyaare a Appeal Benches na be Lesotho ane Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /> == O Yelboɔre Mine == Van den Heever da kyɔgɛɛ neŋ a o nɔmmo naŋ be a yelbaŋyizie, yi o naŋ da sɛge gama ayi kyaare bibiiri gama, ane sellɛ ŋmaara mine naŋ kyaare pseudonym, a ko Sarie Magazine. O meŋ da toŋɛɛ a e trustee a ko a Ballet Benevolent Fund na kyaare CAPAB kyɛ meŋ da la e board mɛmba ko SA Youth Orchestra kyɛ meŋ e chairperson a ko SA Library board. == Kyɔɔtaɛ == Van den Heever da nyɛ la Chancellor's Medal yi a University of Pretoria a 1996, honorary LLD yi University of Stellenbosch a 1997 ane a 1987 a Women's Bureau Achievement Award. Sɛgerɛ sellɛ ŋmaara kyaare pseudonym, ko Sarie Magazine. Sheo meŋ da eɛ trustee a ko Ballet Benevolent Fund ko CAPAB kyɛ meŋ e board mɛmba ko SA Youth Orchestra kyɛ meŋ da la e chairperson a ko a SA Library board. ==Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ== *[[List of first women lawyers and judges in Africa]] == Sommo Yizie == [[gbuli:dagaare]] [[gbuli:gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] [[Gbuli:pɔge]] [[Gbuli:pɔgeloŋ]] netmn02855to6uauhoqekd840o0tsp3 Ethel Tawse Jollie 0 5324 63995 54283 2026-08-28T18:09:00Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q15997964}} '''Ethel Maud Tawse Jollie''' OBE (8 March 1874 – 21 September 1950; née '''Cookson'''; widowed '''Colquhoun''') da e la writer ane political activist a Southern Rhodesia na da e a female parliamentarian dɛndɛŋ soba a British overseas empire.<ref>http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/45519</ref> == Toma == Cookson dɔgebo zie la Ethel Maude Cookson a Castle Church, Stafford, pɔgeyaa ko a Samuel Cookson, a doctor. O da zanne yi la Anthony Ludovici na be a Slade School of Fine Art be ka o da pɔge a o sere dɛndɛŋ soba, explorer Archibald Ross Colquhoun. O da kulee a St. Paul's church, Stafford, a 8 March 1900, kyɛ da beɛle a o serɛ ka ba da gaa Asia, a Pacific, ane Africa, kyɛ baŋ gaa zeŋ a Southern Rhodesia.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Tawse_Jollie#cite_note-2</ref> A Colquhoun's kuuŋ a 18 December 1914, o da leɛre o la e editor of ''United Empire'' magazine.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Tawse_Jollie#CITEREFLowry1997</ref> O da leɛ kulee Rhodesian koɔraa naŋ e John Tawse Jollie.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Tawse_Jollie#CITEREFLowry1997</ref> Tawse Jollie da la a front figures a campaign ko Rhodesian self-rule, a da e a piilaa ko a Responsible Government Association a 1917.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Tawse_Jollie#CITEREFLowry1997</ref> Ona da la wedera memba ko a National Service League, a Imperial Maritime League, a British Women's Emigration Society, a Women's Unionist Association, ane a Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council. Ethel Tawse Jollie da e la avowed anti-suffragist ane anti-feminist. O da kpie la Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, a 21 September 1950.<ref>https://search.co.zw/wiki/ethel-jollie/</ref> Jollie da e la supporter ko a white supremacy, albeit o da leɛ wa nyɛ la nensɔgela ane nempeɛle zaa e yeni a 1937, o da yeli ka Africans senne la ka ba paale a "composite civilisation" ka a leɛroo da na taa la eebo, albeit wuluu zaa da ba beebe a na wuli a o sommo kyaare a integrated society.<blockquote>"A political evolution naŋ gaa, te kombaŋ be a te baaroŋ saŋa yeltare. Pampana yele kyaare political bee social equality kombaŋ nyɛ sagebo yi a white race naŋ na kombaŋ nyɛ eebo ko a black ne a degree kaŋa zaa naŋ na baŋ soŋ ba, kyɛ permutations ane combinations na baŋ yuo la compromise neɛ zaa naŋ ba nyɛ sɛre."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250430132153/https://omnilogos.com/white-woman-country-ethel-tawse-jollie-and-making-of-white-rhodesia/</ref> </blockquote> ==Toma mine== *[https://archive.org/stream/twoontheirtravel00colq#page/n7/mode/2up ''Two on their Travels, ⁣''] William Heinemann, 1902. *[https://archive.org/stream/whirlpoolofeurop00colq#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Whirlpool of Europe,''] with Archibald R. Colquhoun, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1907. *[https://archive.org/stream/vocationofwoman00colquoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Vocation of Woman,''] Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1913.<ref>Chaloner, Martin (1914). [https://archive.org/stream/edinburghreview49smitgoog#page/n20/mode/2up "The Solvency of Woman,"] ''The Edinburgh Review,'' Vol. 219. *[https://archive.org/stream/cihm_990291#page/n5/mode/2up ''Our Just Cause; Facts about the War for Ready Reference,''] William Heinemann, 1914. *''The Real Rhodesia,'' Hutchinson & Co., 1924. *''Native Administration in Southern Rhodesia,'' Royal Society of Arts, 1935 ===Articles=== *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire01royauoft#page/708/mode/2up ” On Some Overseas Poetry,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. I, 1909/1910. *[https://archive.org/stream/twentiethcentury67londuoft#page/698/mode/2up "The Husband of Madame de Boigne,"] ''The Nineteenth Century,'' Vol. LXVII, January/June 1910. *[https://archive.org/stream/universitymagazi12mcgiuoft#page/258/mode/2up "Feminism and Education,"] ''The University Magazine,'' Vol. XII, 1913. *"Woman and Morality," ''The Nineteenth Century,'' Vol. LXXV, January 1914. *[https://archive.org/stream/livingagevolume01projgoog#page/n399/mode/2up "The Superfluous Woman: Her Cause and Cure,"] ''The Living Age,'' Vol. LXIII, April/June 1914. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire06royauoft#page/98/mode/2up "Archibald Colquhoun: A Memoir,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. VI, 1915/1916. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire06royauoft#page/202/mode/2up "As Others See Us,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. VI, 1915/1916. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire06royauoft#page/812/mode/2up "The Balkan States and the War,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. VI, 1915/1916. *[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmagazi200edinuoft#page/640/mode/2up "Some Humours of Housekeeping in Rhodesia,"] ''Blackwood's Magazine,'' Vol. CC, July/December 1916. *[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20543954 "Modern Feminism and Sex Antagonism,"] ''The Lotus Magazine,'' Vol. 9, No. 2, November 1917; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20543968 Part II], Vol. 9, No. 3, December 1917. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire08royauoft#page/680/mode/2up "Woman-Power and the Empire,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. VIII, 1917/1918. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire09royauoft#page/280/mode/2up "Germany and Africa,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. IX, 1918/1919. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire10royauoft#page/482/mode/2up "Rhodesia and the Union,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. X, 1919/1920. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire11royauoft#page/n709/mode/2up "The Question of Southern Rhodesia,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. XI, 1920. *[https://archive.org/stream/unitedempire12royauoft#page/468/mode/2up "The Future of Rhodesia,"] ''United Empire,'' Vol. XII, 1921. *"Britain's New Colony," ''United Empire,'' Vol. XIV, 1923. ===Bibliography=== *{{cite journal|last1=Lowry|first1=Donal|title='White Woman's Country': Ethel Tawse Jollie and the Making of White Rhodesia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-southern-african-studies_1997-06_23_2/page/259|journal=Journal of Southern African Studies|date=June 1997|volume=23|issue=2|pages=259–281|doi=10.1080/03057079708708536|jstor=2637621}} ==Ziiri Mine Liŋkiri== *[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/rhodesia/tawsejollie.htm Ethel Tawse Jollie] *[https://www.rhodesia.me.uk/melsetter/ The Romance of Melsetter] {{s-start}} {{s-par|srh-lc}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lionel Cripps]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Member for Eastern|years=1920–1924}} {{s-non|reason=Council abolished}} {{s-par|srh-la}} {{s-new|constituency}} {{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Mutare|Umtali]]|years=1924–1928|alongside=[[Charles Eickhoff]]}} {{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}} {{s-end}} == {{authority control}}Sommo Yizie == 3e38s34i1mfp3e83ap8s0jidk8pn68q Elgin Marbles 0 5823 63998 63655 2026-08-28T18:11:50Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q606662}} A '''Elgin Marbles''' (/ˈɛlɡɪn/ ''ELG-in'')<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary</ref>e la landeɛbo ko Ancient Greek sculptures yi a Parthenon ane yeloore mine nang be Acropolis ko a Athens, nang da taa yiibu yi a Ottoman Greece nang be a piiluu saŋa a 19th century a da taa tagebo yi a Britain yineng a Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl ko Elgin, pampana nang taa eebo yi a British Museum nang be London. A yagrong zie ko a sculptures da taa eebo yi a 5th century BC yineng wuluu nang be a sculptor ane architect Phidias. A yelnyɔgeraa ''Parthenon Marbles'' bee ''Parthenon Sculptures'' (Greek: Γλυπτά του Παρθενώνα) e la sculptures—a frieze, metopes ane pediments—yineng a Parthenon nang da taa landeɛbo yineng, nimizeelong nang e British Museum ane a Acropolis Museum na be Athens.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Jenkins</ref> Yi 1801 te ta 1812, Elgin's noba da iree nang da pare nambare mine kyaare a Parthenon sculptures, neng a lɛ zaa a sculptures yineng a Erechtheion, a Temple nang be Athena Nike ane a Propylaia, da mang de ba la gaaneng Britain neng nimizeelong ka ba da maale private museum. Elgin yelee ka ona da iree a sculptures neng sɔroo yineng a Ottoman tontonneba nang be a Athens a wagere nang poɔ. <ref>https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008272383</ref>A merɛ nang be a Elgin's toma zie da taa la eebo.<ref>https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/parthenon-marbles-dispute-9781509967179/</ref> ==Meng kaa kyɛ== *[[Pedimental sculpture]] *[[Palermo Fragment]] *[[Greece–United Kingdom relations]] *[[Las Incantadas]], portico taken from [[Thessaloniki]] *[[Caryatids of Eleusis|Saint Demetra]], sculpture taken from [[Eleusis]] ==Ziyiri mine== * {{Cite book |author-link=Mary Beard (classicist) |first=Mary |last=Beard |title=The Parthenon |url=https://archive.org/details/parthenon0000mbea |publisher=[[Profile Books]] |edition=2nd |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84668-349-7}} * {{Cite book |first=Alexander |last=Herman |title=The Parthenon Marbles Dispute |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] |place=London|edition= |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/parthenon-marbles-dispute-9781509967179/}} * {{Cite book |first=Tiffany |last=Jenkins |author-link=Tiffany Jenkins |title=Keeping Their Marbles: How the Treasures of the Past Ended Up in Museums{{Nbsp}}... and Why They Should Stay There |place=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-965759-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/keepingtheirmarb0000jenk}} * {{Cite book |first=William |last=St Clair |author-link=William St Clair |title=Lord Elgin and the Marbles |url=https://archive.org/details/lordelginmarbles0000stcl |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |place=Oxford |edition=4th |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-288053-5}} * {{Cite book |author-link= |first=Catharine |last=Titi |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |edition= |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Dyfri |title=Lord Elgin's firman |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-history-of-collections_2009_21_1/page/49 |journal=Journal of the History of Collections |date=7 January 2009 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=49–76 |doi=10.1093/jhc/fhn033}} == Nimitɔɔre kanno == * {{Cite magazine|first=Marc|last=Fehlmann|url=http://www.apollo-magazine.com/june-2007/63335/casts-and-connoisseurs.thtml|title=Casts and Connoisseurs: the early reception of the Elgin Marbles|magazine=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|date=June 2007|pages=44–51|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506011222/http://www.apollo-magazine.com/june-2007/63335/casts-and-connoisseurs.thtml|archive-date=6 May 2012}} * {{Cite book|first=Jeanette|last=Greenfield|title=The Return of Cultural Treasures|url=https://archive.org/details/returnofcultural0000gree|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|place=Cambridge|edition=3rd|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-80216-1}} * {{Cite book|first=Christopher|last=Hitchens|author-link=Christopher Hitchens|title=Imperial Spoils: The Curious Case of the Elgin Marbles|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|place=London|isbn=978-0-8090-4189-3|year=1987|title-link=Imperial Spoils: The Curious Case of the Elgin Marbles}} (with essays by Robert Browning and Graham Binns) * {{Cite book|first=Ian|last=Jenkins|title=The Parthenon Frieze|publisher=[[British Museum Press]]|location=London|year=1994|isbn=978-0-7141-2200-7}} * {{Cite book|last=King|first=Dorothy|author-link=Dorothy King|title=The Elgin Marbles|publisher=[[Hutchinson Heinemann]]|place=London|date=2006|isbn=978-0-09-180013-0|title-link=The Elgin Marbles (book)}} * {{Cite book|first=François|last=Queyrel|title=Le Parthénon, Un monument dans l'Histoire|publisher=Éditions Bartillat|location=Paris|year=2008|isbn=978-2-84100-435-5|url=http://www.editions-bartillat.fr/fiche-livre.asp?Clef=281|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-date=29 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929162206/http://www.editions-bartillat.fr/fiche-livre.asp?Clef=281|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Stallings|first=A. E.|author-link=A. E. Stallings|title=Frieze Frame: How Poets, Painters, and their Friends Framed the Debate Around Elgin and the Marbles of the Parthenon|publisher=Paul Dry Books|place=Philadelphia|date=2025|isbn=9781589882003}} * == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''Elgin Marbles'''''. Library resources about '''Elgin Marbles''' ---- * Online books * Resources in your library * Resources in other libraries * Acropolis Museum * The Parthenon Frieze * The British Museum Parthenon pages === Pros ane cons ko restitution === * British Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Marbles' site * The Parthenon Project * "The Case for Lord Elgin," Classics for All * Gillen Wood, "The strange case of Lord Elgin's nose": the cultural context of the early 19th century debate over the marbles, the politics and the aesthetics, imperialism and hellenism * Two memorandums submitted to the UK Parliamentary Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport in 2000. * "Keeping our share", ''Aôthen Magazine'': Argues for the dismissal of the Greek claim, and for retaining the Marbles as part of cultural history. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> Phidias |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> British Museum |- ! | * * * |- ! | {| class="wikitable" ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** ** ** ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * |} |- ! | * * * * * * * * |- | colspan="2" | * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="3" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> Acropolis of Athens |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | rowspan="7" | |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |} |- ! | * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * |- ! | * * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>v</abbr> * <abbr>t</abbr> * <abbr>e</abbr> Sculpture |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * |- ! | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * |- | colspan="2" | * * |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! colspan="2" |Authority control databases |- ! | * * |- ! | * * * * |- ! | * |} Categories: * Elgin Marbles * 5th-century BC Greek sculptures * Parthenon * Art and cultural repatriation * Greece–United Kingdom relations * Ancient Greek and Roman sculptures in the British Museum * History of museums * History of Athens * Marble sculptures in the United Kingdom * Sculptures by Phidias * Greek artifacts outside Greece * 19th century in Athens * Horses in art * Architectural sculpture * Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin * Sculptures of Dionysus == Sommo Yizie == dh6yvwejxupyd7ucs9kxpadfbdxn2ai Niamey 0 5956 64000 63667 2026-08-28T18:16:57Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 7 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 64000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3674}} '''Niamey''' (French boɔloo: [njamɛ]) e la kapital ane teŋkpoŋ ko a Niger. O be la a western seŋ a teŋɛŋ, naŋ kɔgele a Tillabéri Region. Niamey peɛlɛɛ a Niger River, naŋ laŋ neŋ a baa gbɛre gɔɔ seŋ a baa zuluŋ (east seŋ). == Climate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Niamey Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present) |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Record high °C (°F) |40.7 (105.3) |44.0 (111.2) |45.0 (113.0) |46.1 (115.0) |47.0 (116.6) |44.4 (111.9) |41.0 (105.8) |39.6 (103.3) |41.8 (107.2) |41.6 (106.9) |41.8 (107.2) |40.0 (104.0) |47.0 (116.6) |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |36.8 (98.2) |40.1 (104.2) |42.7 (108.9) |44.3 (111.7) |44.1 (111.4) |42.1 (107.8) |38.9 (102.0) |36.8 (98.2) |39.1 (102.4) |40.4 (104.7) |39.4 (102.9) |37.3 (99.1) |40.2 (104.3) |- !Daily mean °C (°F) |24.6 (76.3) |27.8 (82.0) |31.9 (89.4) |34.7 (94.5) |34.5 (94.1) |32.2 (90.0) |29.5 (85.1) |28.1 (82.6) |29.6 (85.3) |31.5 (88.7) |29.0 (84.2) |25.5 (77.9) |29.9 (85.8) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |13.5 (56.3) |15.9 (60.6) |19.5 (67.1) |23.0 (73.4) |23.1 (73.6) |20.7 (69.3) |20.3 (68.5) |20.4 (68.7) |20.7 (69.3) |21.1 (70.0) |17.3 (63.1) |13.9 (57.0) |19.1 (66.4) |- !Record low °C (°F) |8.3 (46.9) |10.4 (50.7) |16.0 (60.8) |19.9 (67.8) |20.2 (68.4) |19.8 (67.6) |19.4 (66.9) |19.4 (66.9) |19.5 (67.1) |18.0 (64.4) |13.4 (56.1) |11.6 (52.9) |8.3 (46.9) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |0.0 (0.0) |0.3 (0.01) |0.2 (0.01) |9.8 (0.39) |25.3 (1.00) |78.6 (3.09) |145.6 (5.73) |192.6 (7.58) |85.1 (3.35) |16.7 (0.66) |0.0 (0.0) |0.0 (0.0) |554.2 (21.82) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) |0.0 |0.0 |0.1 |1.0 |2.7 |6.0 |9.7 |12.1 |6.8 |1.7 |0.0 |0.0 |40.1 |- !Average relative humidity (%) |22 |17 |18 |27 |42 |55 |67 |74 |73 |53 |34 |27 |42 |- !Mean monthly sunshine hours |285.0 |259.1 |263.3 |256.8 |266.8 |247.4 |245.1 |226.2 |250.1 |286.1 |293.8 |299.4 |3,179.1 |- | colspan="14" |Source 1: NOAA, Météo Climat |- | colspan="14" |Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1961–1990) |} == Demogeraafi == {| class="wikitable" |+Historical population !Year !<abbr>Pop.</abbr> !<abbr>±%</abbr> |- !1977 |242,973 |—     |- !1988 |397,437 | +63.6% |- !2001 |707,951 | +78.1% |- !2012 |1,026,848 | +45.0% |- | colspan="3" |Source: National Statistics Institute of Niger |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |'''Population pyramid''' <small>(2022)</small> |- | colspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" |% |Males |Age |Females |% |- |n/d | |85+ | |n/d |- |0.106 | |80–84 | |0.146 |- |0.199 | |75–79 | |0.245 |- |0.382 | |70–74 | |0.391 |- |0.570 | |65–69 | |0.547 |- |0.769 | |60–64 | |0.757 |- |0.943 | |55–59 | |0.982 |- |1.069 | |50–54 | |1.213 |- |1.350 | |45–49 | |1.483 |- |1.554 | |40–44 | |1.837 |- |1.920 | |35–39 | |2.216 |- |2.654 | |30–34 | |2.679 |- |0.626 | |25–29 | |0.613 |- |4.406 | |20–24 | |4.347 |- |5.526 | |15–19 | |5.465 |- |6.799 | |10–14 | |6.727 |- |8.214 | |5–9 | |8.109 |- |9.853 | |0–4 | |9.679 |} |} === Toma mine yiziiri === {{Refbegin|30em}} * <!--Abdourahamane & Garba--> {{Cite journal |last1=Garba |first1=Issa 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conditions of the Niamey region: ecological and hydrological implications |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-hydrology_1997-02_188-189_1-4/page/18 |journal=[[Journal of Hydrology]] |volume=188-189 |pages=18–42 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03153-8|bibcode=1997JHyd..188...18D }} * <!--Diallo--> {{Cite journal |last=Diallo |first=Souleymane |date=17 February 2022 |title=Exile, masculine honor, and gender relations among the Tuareg from Mali in Niamey, Niger |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00083968.2021.2017307 |journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies |language=en |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=657–676 |doi=10.1080/00083968.2021.2017307 |issn=0008-3968}} * <!--Diaz Olvera, Plat, Pochet, & Maïdadi--> {{Cite journal |last1=Diaz Olvera |first1=Lourdes |last2=Plat |first2=Didier |last3=Pochet |first3=Pascal |last4=Maïdadi |first4=Sahabana |year=2012 |title=Motorbike taxis in the "transport crisis" of West and Central African cities |journal=EchoGéo |volume=20 |doi=10.4000/echogeo.13080 |issn=1963-1197 |doi-access=free}} * <!--Diogo, Buerkert, & Schlecht--> {{Cite journal |last1=Diogo |first1=R.V.C. |last2=Buerkert |first2=A. |last3=Schlecht |first3=E. |year=2010 |title=Resource use efficiency in urban and peri-urban sheep, goat and cattle enterprises |journal=[[Animal (journal)|Animal]] |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=1725–1738 |doi=10.1017/S1751731110000790|pmid=22445127 |bibcode=2010Anim....4.1725D }} * <!--Djika et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Djika |first1=Mamane |last2=Koudokpon |first2=Charles Hornel |last3=Dougnon |first3=Victorien Tamègnon |last4=Sanoussi |first4=N'dira |last5=Alphazazi |first5=Soumana |last6=Ballé |first6=Boubacar |last7=Daouda |first7=Hassane |last8=Assogba |first8=Phénix |last9=Bankole |first9=Honoré |last10=Agbangla |first10=Clément |year=2024 |title=Epidemiology, treatment outcome and resistance profile of pulmonary tuberculosis cases at the Niamey national anti-tuberculosis center in Niger: a retrospective study |url=https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/47/214/full/ |journal=The Pan African Medical Journal |volume=47 |page=214 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2024.47.214.38442 |issn=1937-8688 |pmc=11380612 |pmid=39247768}} * <!--Djimba--> {{Cite journal |last=Djimba |first=Ali |date=June 1997 |title=Land-locked Niger and its alternative seaport accesses |journal=Geopolitics and International Boundaries |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=40–55 |doi=10.1080/13629379708407576 |issn=1362-9379}} * <!--Fuglestad--> {{Cite book |last=Fuglestad |first=Finn |author-link=Finn Fuglestad |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofniger180000fugl/page/n7/mode/2up |title=A history of Niger, 1850-1960 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1983 |isbn=9780521101394 |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]]}} * <!--Gilliard & Pédenon--> {{Cite journal |last1=Gilliard |first1=Patrick |last2=Pédenon |first2=Laurent |date=October 1996 |title=Rues de Niamey, espace et territoires de la mendicité |url=https://polaf.hypotheses.org/files/2020/05/063051.pdf |journal=[[Politique Africaine]] |publisher=[[Éditions Karthala]] |volume=63|pages=51–60 |doi=10.3406/polaf.1996.5984 }} * <!--Gecit--> {{Cite journal |last=Gecit |first=Jean |date=December 2022 |title=THE FIRST STEPS: in the Development of Solar Energy in West Africa (1960–1973) |journal=Icon |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=53–71 |issn=1361-8113}} * <!--Golden--> {{Cite book |last=Golden |first=Elizabeth |title=Earthen Architecture in Muslim Cultures |date=11 September 2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |editor-last=Pradines |editor-first=Stéphane |series=Arts and Archaeology of the Islamic World |isbn=978-90-04-35633-7 |chapter=Between Tradition and Modernity: Building with Earth in a Contemporary City}} * <!--Göpfert 2012--> {{Cite journal |last=Göpfert |first=Mirco |date=27 February 2012 |title=Security in Niamey: an anthropological perspective on policing and an act of terrorism in Niger |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_2012-03_50_1/page/53 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern African Studies]] |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=53–74 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X11000607 |issn=0022-278X}} * <!--Gosselain--> {{Cite book |last=Gosselain |first=Olivier P. |title=Knowledge in Motion: Constellations of Learning Across Time and Place |publisher=[[University of Arizona Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=9780816533749 |editor-last=Roddick |editor-first=Andrew P. |pages=36–66 |chapter=1. The World Is Like a Beanstalk: Historicizing Potting Practice and Social Relations in the Niger River Area |editor-last2=Stahl |editor-first2=Ann B. |editor-link2=Ann B. Stahl |id={{Project MUSE|1754173|type=chapter}}}} * <!--Hagberg & Körling--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hagberg |first1=Sten |last2=Körling |first2=Gabriella |date=August 2016 |title=Urban land contestations and political mobilisation: (re)sources of authority and protest in West African municipalities |journal=[[Social Anthropology (journal)|Social Anthropology]] |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=294–308 |doi=10.1111/1469-8676.12312}} * <!--Hamani--> {{Cite book |last=Hamani |first=Oumarou |title=States at Work: Dynamics of African Bureaucracies |chapter="We make do and keep going!" Inventive Practices and Ordered Informality in the Functioning of the District Courts in Niamey and Zinder (Niger) |editor-last=Bierschenk |editor-first=Thomas |editor-last2=Olivier de Sardan |editor-first2=Jean-Pierre |date=30 January 2014 |pages=145–173 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-26496-0 |doi=10.1163/9789004264960_007}} * <!--Hassane--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hassane |first1=Aïssata B. |last2=Leduc |first2=Christian |last3=Favreau |first3=Guillaume |last4=Bekins |first4=Barbara A. |last5=Margueron |first5=Thomas |date=March 2016 |title=Impacts of a large Sahelian city on groundwater hydrodynamics and quality: example of Niamey (Niger) |journal=[[Hydrogeology Journal]] |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=407–423 |doi=10.1007/s10040-015-1345-z |bibcode=2016HydJ...24..407H |issn=1431-2174}} * <!--Heywood--> {{Cite book |last=Heywood |first=Emma |title=Radio and Women's Empowerment in Francophone West Africa |date=29 December 2023 |publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]] |isbn=978-3-031-35984-2 |series=Palgrave Studies in Communication for Social Change |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-35985-9}} * <!--Hungerford--> {{Cite thesis |last=Hungerford |first=Hilary B. |title=Water, Cities, and Bodies: A Relational Understanding of Niamey, Niger |date=30 March 2012 |access-date=21 April 2025 |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/90c635f9-c2b0-4f3c-a486-3480befd8ae4/content |format=PDF}} * <!--Hungerford & Moussa--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hungerford |first1=Hilary |last2=Moussa |first2=Yayé |date=2 September 2017 |title=Seeing the (urban) forest through the trees: governance and household trees in Niamey, Niger |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19376812.2016.1226909 |journal=[[African Geographical Review]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=286–304 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2016.1226909 |bibcode=2017AfrGR..36..286H |issn=1937-6812}} * <!--Hungerford & Smiley--> {{Cite journal |last1=Hungerford |first1=Hilary |last2=Smiley |first2=Sarah L. |date=April 2016 |title=Comparing colonial water provision in British and French Africa |journal=[[Journal of Historical Geography]] |volume=52 |pages=74–83 |doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2015.12.001}} * <!--Ibrahim--> {{Cite journal |last=Ibrahim |first=Jibrin |year=1994 |title=Political Exclusion, Democratization and Dynamics of Ethnicity in Niger |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_africa-today_1994_41_3/page/15 |journal=[[Africa Today]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=15–39 |issn=0001-9887 |jstor=4187000}} * <!--INS--> {{Cite web |date=February 2024 |title=Annuaire statistique 2018–2022 édition 2023 |trans-title=Statistical directory 2018–2022: 2023 edition |url=https://stat-niger.org/wp-content/uploads/niamey/as_niamey_2018_2022_edition_2023.pdf |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=[[Institut National de la Statistique du Niger]] |ref={{Harvid|INS|2024}}}} * <!--Kang--> {{Cite book |last=Kang |first=Alice J. |title=Bargaining for Women's Rights: Activism in an Aspiring Muslim Democracy |url=https://archive.org/details/bargainingforwom0000kang |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=9781452944265 |id={{Project MUSE|42069|type=book}}}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Idrissa |editor-first=Kimba |title=Armée et politique au Niger |publisher=[[CODESRIA]] |year=2008 |isbn=9782869783874 |trans-title=Army and politics of Niger |id={{Project MUSE|16784|type=book}}}} ** <!--Mahamane--> {{Harvc |last=Mahamane |first=Aliou |c=3: La naissance de l'armée nationale au Niger : 1961-1974 |in=Idrissa |year=2008}} ** <!--Malam Issa--> {{Harvc |last=Malam Issa |first=Mahaman |c=5: Le régime militaire de Seyni Kountché (1974–1987) |in=Idrissa |year=2008}} ** <!--Idrissa--> {{Harvc |last=Idrissa |first=Kimba |c=6: Les régimes militaires entre 1974 et 1999 au Niger |in=Idrissa |year=2008 |id="Idrissa5"}} ** <!--Zangaou--> {{Harvc |last=Zangaou |first=Moussa |c=9: Femmes en uniforme dans les secteurs militaire et para-militaire au Niger |in=Idrissa |year=2008}} * <!--Julien--> {{Cite book |editor-last=Julien |editor-first=Frédéric |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/25255 |title=La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau en Afrique subsaharienne: Paradigme occidental, pratiques africaines |trans-title=Integrated management of water resources in sub-Saharan Africa: Western paradigm, African practices |chapter=Chapitre 3 – Le bassin versant : Unité de gestion des eaux idéale pour l’Afrique subsaharienne ? |trans-chapter=Chapter 3 – The watershed: ideal water management unit for sub-Saharan Africa? |pages=77–106 |date=2012 |publisher=Presses de l'Université du Québec |isbn=978-2-7605-3450-6 |doi=10.1353/book25255 |language=fr}} * <!--Kafando--> {{Cite book |last=Kafando |first=Gilbert M. |chapter=Die katholische Kirche in Burkina Faso und im Niger. Neuere Geschichte, aktuelle Situation und Herausforderungen |trans-chapter=The Catholic Church in Burkina Faso and Niger: Recent history, current situation, and challenges |date=17 December 2020 |title=Afrika |pages=178, 189 |editor-last=Moerschbacher |editor-first=Marco |series=Kirche und Katholizismus seit 1945 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |doi=10.30965/9783657777013_013 |isbn=978-3-506-77701-0 |language=de}} * <!--Keough & Yayé Saidou--> {{Cite journal |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |last2=Yayé Saidou |first2=Hadiara |date=October 2021 |title=Water delivery and the creation of hydrosocial routes: Comparing five neighborhoods in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Geoforum]] |volume=125 |pages=96–106 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.07.006}} * <!--Keough & Youngstedt 2014--> {{Cite journal |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |last2=Youngstedt |first2=Scott M. |date=17 December 2014 |title=The Material Culture of Water: Transportation, Storage, and Consumption in Niamey, Niger |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_focus-on-geography_2014_winter_57_4/page/152 |journal=[[Focus on Geography]] |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=152–163 |doi=10.1111/foge.12041}} * <!--Keough & Youngstedt 2018--> {{Cite journal |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |last2=Youngstedt |first2=Scott M. |date=9 January 2018 |title='Pure water' in Niamey, Niger: the backstory of sachet water in a landscape of waste|journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=38–62 |doi=10.1017/S0001972017000560 |issn=0001-9720}} * <!--Keough & Youngstedt 2019--> {{Cite book |last1=Keough |first1=Sara Beth |title=Water, Life, and Profit: Fluid Economies and Cultures of Niamey, Niger |last2=Youngstedt |first2=Scott M. |year=2019 |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |isbn=978-1-78920-338-7 |doi=10.1515/9781789203387}} * <!--Körling 2010--> {{Cite journal |last=Körling |first=Gabriella |date=1 December 2010 |title=The mobilization of the local in a public primary school in peri-urban Niamey, Niger |url=http://journals.openedition.org/apad/4062 |journal=Bulletin de l'APAD |issue=31–32 |pages=137–159 |doi=10.4000/apad.4062 |issn=1950-6929}} * <!--Körling 2020--> {{Cite journal |last=Körling |first=Gabriella |date=April 2020 |title=Bricks, Documents and Pipes: Material Politics and Urban Development in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[City & Society]] |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=23–46 |doi=10.1111/ciso.12240 |issn=0893-0465}} * <!--Korotayev et al--> {{Cite book |last1=Korotayev |first1=Andrey |last2=Issaev |first2=Leonid |last3=Ilyina |first3=Anna |last4=Zinkina |first4=Julia |last5=Voronina |first5=Elena |title=Terrorism and Political Contention: New Perspectives on North Africa and the Sahel Region |chapter=Revolutionary History of Niger: From Independence to 2023 Coup |date=3 April 2024 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-031-53428-7 |editor-last=Besenyő |editor-first=János |series=Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-53429-4 |editor-last2=Issaev |editor-first2=Leonid |editor-last3=Korotayev |editor-first3=Andrey}} * <!--Lasagna et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Lasagna |first1=Manuela |last2=Dino |first2=Giovanna Antonella |last3=Perotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Spadafora |first4=Francesco |last5=De Luca |first5=Domenico A. |last6=Yadji |first6=Guero |last7=Dan-Badjo |first7=Abdourahamane Tankari |last8=Moussa |first8=Issaka |last9=Harouna |first9=Moussa |last10=Konaté |first10=Moussa |date=August 2015 |title=Georesources and Environmental Problems in Niamey City (Niger): A Preliminary Sketch |journal=[[Energy Procedia]] |volume=76 |pages=67–76 |doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.848 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2015EnPro..76...67L }} * {{Cite book |title=Islamic Education in Africa |date=3 December 2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=9780253023186 |editor-last=Launay |editor-first=Robert |id={{Project MUSE|49094|type=book}}}} ** <!--Launay--> {{Harvc |last=Launay |first=Robert |c=Introduction |in=Launay |year=2016 |id="Launay_Intro"}} ** <!--Sounaye 2016--> {{Harvc |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |c=Walking to the Makaranta: Production, Circulation, and Transmission of Islamic Learning in Urban Niger |in=Launay |year=2016}} ** <!--Butler--> {{Harvc |last=Butler |first=Noah |c=Collapsed Pluralities: Islamic Education, Learning, and Creativity in Niger |in=Launay |year=2016}} * <!--Mamadou--> {{Cite journal |last=Mamadou |first=Ibrahim |date=Winter 2021 |title=Dynamiques des îles et bancs sédimentaires du fleuve Niger dans la région de Niamey au Niger |trans-title=Dynamics of islands and sedimentary banks of the Niger River in the Niamey region of Niger |journal=Cinq Continents |publisher=[[University of Bucharest]] |volume=11 |issue=24 |pages=249–264}} * <!--Mamadou et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Mamadou |first1=Ibrahim |last2=Gautier |first2=Emmanuèle |last3=Descroix |first3=Luc |last4=Noma |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Bouzou Moussa |first5=Ibrahim |last6=Faran Maiga |first6=Oumarou |last7=Genthon |first7=Pierre |last8=Amogu |first8=Okechukwu |last9=Malam Abdou |first9=Moussa |last10=Vandervaere |first10=Jean-Pierre |date=August 2015 |title=Exorheism growth as an explanation of increasing flooding in the Sahel |journal=CATENA |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=131 |pages=130–139 |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2015.03.017|bibcode=2015Caten.131..130M }} * <!--Mansour Badamassi et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Mansour Badamassi |first1=Mamane Barkawi |last2=Moussa |first2=Konate |last3=Touré |first3=Labaly |last4=Ahmed |first4=El-Aboudi |last5=Gerard |first5=Gbetkom Paul |last6=Ismaguil |first6=Hanadé Houmma |last7=Gérard |first7=Kabore |date=3 September 2023 |title=Using Multisensor Earth Observation Data to Understand the Development of the Kourtéré Kori Alluvial Fan and Its Impact on the Hydrology of the Niger River |journal=[[The Professional Geographer]] |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=715–732 |doi=10.1080/00330124.2023.2183415 |bibcode=2023ProfG..75..715M |issn=0033-0124}} * <!--Masquelier 2001--> {{Cite journal |last=Masquelier |first=Adeline |author-link=Adeline Masquelier |date=1 May 2001 |title=Behind the Dispensary's Prosperous Façade: Imagining the State in Rural Niger |journal=[[Public Culture]] |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=267–292 |doi=10.1215/08992363-13-2-267 |issn=0899-2363}} * <!--Masquelier 2002--> {{Cite journal |last=Masquelier |first=Adeline |author-link=Adeline Masquelier |date=November 2002 |title=Road Mythographies: Space, Mobility, and the Historical Imagination in Postcolonial Niger |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-ethnologist_2002-11_29_4/page/829 |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=829–856 |doi=10.1525/ae.2002.29.4.829 |issn=0094-0496}} * <!--Masquelier 2019--> {{Cite book |last=Masquelier |first=Adeline |author-link=Adeline Masquelier |title=Fada: Boredom and Belonging in Niger |date=2019 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-62434-1 |language=en |doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226624488.001.0001}} * <!--Mayaki et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Mayaki |first1=Z. |last2=Kabo |first2=R. |last3=Moutschen |first3=M. |last4=Albert |first4=A. |last5=Dardenne |first5=N. |last6=Sondag |first6=D. |last7=Gérard |first7=C. |date=May 2016 |title=Knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice of blood products prescribers in Niamey |journal=Transfusion Clinique et Biologique |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=78–85 |doi=10.1016/j.tracli.2015.11.007|pmid=26778838 }} * <!--Meyer--> {{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Ursula |year=2021 |title=Interweaving urban land tenure, spatial expansion and political institutions: An urban history of Niamey, Niger |journal=African Cities Journal |doi=10.34915/ACJ.V2I2.106 |doi-access=free}} * <!--Montagne & Amadou--> {{Cite journal |last1=Montagne |first1=Pierre |last2=Amadou |first2=Oumarou |date=20 June 2012 |title=Rural districts and community forest management and the fight against poverty in Niger |url=https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/1473 |journal=Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions |issue=Special Issue 6 |issn=1867-139X}} * <!--Moore & Walker--> {{Cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Adam |last2=Walker |first2=James |date=20 April 2016 |title=Tracing the US Military's Presence in Africa |journal=[[Geopolitics (journal)|Geopolitics]] |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=686–716 |doi=10.1080/14650045.2016.1160060 |issn=1465-0045}} * <!--H. Moussa--> {{Cite book |last=Moussa |first=Hadiza |title=Yearning and Refusal: An Ethnography of Female Fertility Management in Niamey, Niger |date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780197662144 |editor-last=Kang |editor-first=Alice J. |editor-last2=Cooper |editor-first2=Barbara M.}} * <!--S. Moussa et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Moussa |first1=Soulé |last2=Kuyah |first2=Shem |last3=Kyereh |first3=Boateng |last4=Tougiani |first4=Abasse |last5=Mahamane |first5=Saadou |date=17 March 2020 |title=Diversity and structure of urban forests of Sahel cities in Niger |journal=[[Urban Ecosystems]] |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=851–864 |doi=10.1007/s11252-020-00984-6 |bibcode=2020UrbEc..23..851M |issn=1083-8155}} * <!--Y. Moussa et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Moussa |first1=Yahaya Maazou |last2=Diop |first2=Ibrahima Thione |last3=Nassirou |first3=Ibrahim |last4=Nafiou |first4=Malam Maman |last5=Soulé |first5=Moussa |date=January 2024 |title=Determinants of the urban green spaces management practices in the city of Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Cities (journal)|Cities]] |volume=144 |article-number=104641 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2023.104641}} * <!--Nimis--> {{Cite book |last=Nimis |first=Érika |title=Portraiture and Photography in Africa |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=9780253008725 |editor-last=Peffer |editor-first=John |pages=102–140 |chapter=3. Yoruba Studio Photographers in Francophone West Africa |id={{Project MUSE|845044|type=chapter}} |editor-last2=Cameron |editor-first2=Elisabeth L.}} * <!--Otoo--> {{Cite journal |last1=Otoo |first1=Miriam |last2=Ibro |first2=Germaine |last3=Fulton |first3=Joan |last4=Lowenberg-Deboer |first4=James |date=4 April 2012 |title=Micro-Entrepreneurship in Niger: Factors Affecting the Success of Women Street Food Vendors |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15228916.2012.657937 |journal=[[Journal of African Business]] |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=16–28 |doi=10.1080/15228916.2012.657937 |issn=1522-8916}} * <!--Oyama--> {{Cite book |last=Oyama |first=Shuichi |title=African Potentials: Bricolage, Incompleteness and Lifeness |date=29 April 2022 |publisher=Langaa RPCIG |isbn=9789956552542 |editor-last=Ohta |editor-first=Itaru |pages=225–252 |chapter=Chapter 10. CIRCULATION. Waste Valorisation and African Potentials: The Forgotten Life of Things and Their Rebirth in Mass Consumption Capitalism |id={{Project MUSE|3158091|type=chapter}} |editor-last2=Nyamnjoh |editor-first2=Francis B. |editor-link2=Francis B. Nyamnjoh |editor-last3=Matsuda |editor-first3=Motoji}} * {{Cite book |title=Meteorology of Tropical West Africa: The Forecasters' Handbook |date=23 March 2017 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-39130-3 |editor-last=Parker |editor-first=Douglas J. |edition=1 |doi=10.1002/9781118391297 |editor-last2=Diop-Kane |editor-first2=Mariane}} ** <!--Fink--> {{Harvc |last=Fink |first=Andreas A. |c=Mean Climate and Seasonal Cycle |in1=Parker |in2=Diop-Kane |year=2017}} ** <!--Parker--> {{Harvc |last=Parker |first=Douglas J. |c=Local weather |in1=Parker |in2=Diop-Kane |year=2017}} * <!--Perotti et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Perotti |first1=Luigi |last2=Dino |first2=Giovanna Antonella |last3=Lasagna |first3=Manuela |last4=Moussa |first4=Konaté |last5=Spadafora |first5=Francesco |last6=Yadji |first6=Guero |last7=Dan-Badjo |first7=Abdourahamane Tankari |last8=De Luca |first8=Domenico A. |date=November 2016 |title=Monitoring of Urban Growth and its Related Environmental Impacts: Niamey Case Study (Niger) |journal=[[Energy Procedia]] |volume=97 |pages=37–43 |doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.014 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016EnPro..97...37P }} * <!--Pezard--> {{Cite book |last1=Pezard |first1=Stephanie |chapter=Is There a Nigerien Model of Resilience? |year=2015 |title=Achieving Peace in Northern Mali |pages=59–88 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt15zc57q.12 |series=Past Agreements, Local Conflicts, and the Prospects for a Durable Settlement |publisher=RAND Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-8823-9 |last2=Shurkin |first2=Michael|jstor=10.7249/j.ctt15zc57q.12 }} * <!--Predotova et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Predotova |first1=Martina |last2=Gebauer |first2=Jens |last3=Diogo |first3=Rodrigue V.C. |last4=Schlecht |first4=Eva |last5=Buerkert |first5=Andreas |date=4 January 2010 |title=Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from urban gardens in Niamey, Niger |journal=Field Crops Research |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.010|bibcode=2010FCrRe.115....1P }} * <!--Roberts--> {{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Pepe |chapter=‘Rural Development’ and the Rural Economy in Niger, 1900–75 |date=1981 |title=Rural Development in Tropical Africa |pages=193–221 |editor-last=Heyer |editor-first=Judith |chapter-url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-05318-6_8 |access-date=2025-04-09 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-05318-6_8 |isbn=978-1-349-05320-9 |editor2-last=Roberts |editor2-first=Pepe |editor3-last=Williams |editor3-first=Gavin}} * <!--Sauzedde et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Sauzedde |first1=Elisa |last2=Vischel |first2=Théo |last3=Panthou |first3=Gérémy |last4=Tarchiani |first4=Vieri |last5=Massazza |first5=Giovanni |last6=Housseini Ibrahim |first6=Mohamed |date=17 February 2025 |title=Compound-event analysis in non-stationary hydrological hazards: a case study of the Niger River in Niamey |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2024.2435534 |journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=406–421 |doi=10.1080/02626667.2024.2435534 |bibcode=2025HydSJ..70..406S |issn=0262-6667}} * <!--Schritt--> {{Cite journal |last=Schritt |first=Jannik |date=2 July 2020 |title=Crude talking: radio and the politics of naming, blaming and claiming in oil-age Niger |journal=[[Journal of Contemporary African Studies]] |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=415–436 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2020.1800605 |issn=0258-9001}} * <!--Slobodkin--> {{Cite book |last=Slobodkin |first=Yan |title=The Starving Empire: A History of Famine in France's Colonies |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=2023 |isbn=9781501772375 |pages=125–155 |chapter=5. The Scandal of Starvation in Niger, 1931}} * <!--Smirnova--> {{Cite journal |last=Smirnova |first=Tatiana |year=2019 |title=Student activism in Niger:subverting the 'limited pluralism', 1960–83 |journal=[[Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute]] |volume=89 |issue=Supplement 2019 |pages=S167–S188 |doi=10.1017/S0001972018000967 |id={{Project MUSE|715511|type=article}}}} * <!--Sounaye 2015--> {{Cite journal |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |date=6 July 2015 |title=Irwo Sunnance yan-no! 1: Youth Claiming, Contesting and Transforming Salafism |journal=Islamic Africa |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=6 |issue=1–2 |pages=82–108 |doi=10.1163/21540993-00602006 |issn=0803-0685}} * <!--Sounaye 2017a--> {{Cite book |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |editor-last=Oinas |editor-first=Elina |url=https://brill.com/view/title/33500 |title=What Politics?: Youth and Political Engagement in Africa |editor-last2=Onodera |editor-first2=Henri |editor-last3=Suurpää |editor-first3=Leena |date=27 October 2017a |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-32244-8 |doi=10.1163/9789004356368_014}} * <!--Sounaye 2017b--> {{Cite journal |last=Sounaye |first=Abdoulaye |date=27 October 2017b |title=Salafi Aesthetics: Preaching Among the Sunnance in Niamey, Niger |journal=[[Journal of Religion in Africa]] |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=9–41 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340101 |issn=0022-4200}} * {{Cite book |url=http://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/12298 |title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa |year=2017 |publisher=IRD Éditions |isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5 |editor-last=Sultan |editor-first=Benjamin |doi=10.4000/books.irdeditions.12298 |editor-last2=Lalou |editor-first2=Richard |editor-last3=Sanni |editor-first3=Mouftaou Amadou |editor-last4=Oumarou |editor-first4=Amadou |editor-last5=Arame Soumaré |editor-first5=Mame}} ** <!--Deme et al--> {{Harvc |last1=Deme |first1=Abdoulaye |last2=Gaye |first2=Amadou Thierno |last3=Hourdin |first3=Frédéric |c=Chapter 3. 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An example of adaptative strategy in the face of food insecurity |in1=Sultan |in2=Lalou |in3=Sanni |in4=Oumarou |year=2017}} * <!--Tahirou Halidou et al--> {{Cite journal |last1=Tahirou Halidou |first1=Issoufou |last2=Elkholy |first2=M.H. |last3=Senjyu |first3=Tomonobu |last4=Said |first4=Taghreed |last5=Gamil |first5=Mahmoud M. |date=15 February 2025 |title=Optimal microgrid planning for electricity security in Niamey: A strategic response to sudden supply disruptions from neighboring sources |journal=[[Energy Conversion and Management]] |volume=326 |article-number=119529 |doi=10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119529}} * <!--Topkiran--> {{Cite book |last=Topkiran |first=Naima |title=Chinese and African Entrepreneurs |date=1 January 2019 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-38742-3 |editor-last=Giese |editor-first=Karsten |pages=38–63 |chapter=The Impact of Migration of the Chinese Women in Niamey on Gender and Family Relations |doi=10.1163/9789004387423_004 |editor-last2=Marfaing |editor-first2=Laurence}} * {{Cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel |date=15 October 2021 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-881695-9 |editor-last=Villalón |editor-first=Leonardo A. |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198816959.001.0001}} ** <!--McLaughlin--> {{Harvc |last=McLaughlin |first=Fiona |c=34. The Linguistic Ecology of the Sahel |in=Villalón |year=2021}} ** <!--Boyer & Lessault--> {{Harvc |last1=Boyer |first1=Florence |last2=Lessault |first2=David |c=37. Urbanization and The Dynamics of Change in the Sahel |in=Villalón |year=2021}} ** <!--Mounkaila--> {{Harvc |last1=Mounkaila |first1=Harouna |c=39. Trans-Saharan Migration Through and From the Sahel |in=Villalón |year=2021}} * <!--Weaver--> {{Cite journal |last=Weaver |first=Marcia |date=December 1995 |title=User fees and patient behaviour: evidence from Niamey National Hospital |journal=[[Health Policy and Planning]] |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=350–361 |doi=10.1093/heapol/10.4.350 |doi-access=free |pmid=10154359 |issn=0268-1080}} * <!--Youngstedt 2013--> {{Cite book |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |title=African Migrations: Patterns and Perspectives |date=20 May 2013 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=9780253005830 |pages=133–157 |id={{Project MUSE|742791|type=chapter}}}} * <!--Youngstedt 2004--> {{Cite journal |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |date=December 2004 |title=Creating Modernities through Conversation Groups: The Everyday Worlds of Hausa Migrants in Niamey, Niger |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_2004-12_47_3/page/91 |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=91–118 |doi=10.1017/S0002020600030468 |issn=0002-0206}} * <!--Youngstedt 2019--> {{Cite book |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |title=Africa Every Day: Fun, Leisure, and Expressive Culture on the Continent |url=https://archive.org/details/everydaylifeonaf0000oluw |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=9780896805064 |editor-last=Balogun |editor-first=Oluwakemi M. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/everydaylifeonaf0000oluw/page/61 61]–70 |chapter=5: New Year's Eve in Niamey, Niger |id={{Project MUSE|3117025|type=chapter}} |editor-last2=Gilman |editor-first2=Lisa |editor-last3=Graboyes |editor-first3=Melissa |editor-last4=Iddrisu |editor-first4=Habib}} * <!--Youngstedt 2021--> {{Cite journal |last=Youngstedt |first=Scott M. |date=Fall 2021 |title=Akwaku: The Itinerant Pharmaceutical Vendors of Niamey, Niger |journal=Material Culture |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=1–22 |issn=0883-3680 ==Ziiri mine liŋkiri== {{Commons category|Niamey}} *{{Wikivoyage inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070818033526/http://www.assemblee.ne/ Niger Assemblee Nationale ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818033526/http://www.assemblee.ne/ |date=18 August 2007 }} official website {{Niamey}} {{Regions and departments of Niger}} {{Communes of Niger}} {{List of African capitals}} {{Niger River}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Niamey| ]] [[Category:Capitals in Africa]] [[Category:Populated places in Niger]] [[Category:Communities on the Niger River]] [[Category:Capital districts and territories]] [[Category:Regions of Niger]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 2nd millennium]] 9h8a2eu8k33qtwtac0ipzmfou07di5o Kuri 0 6014 63997 63677 2026-08-28T18:11:29Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q46360}} '''Kuri''' e la mɔduŋo kaŋa naŋ maŋ toɔ kpɛ koɔ poɔ aneŋ gbaŋgbale, Kuri maŋ taa la pɛge naŋ maŋ e kpeɛŋaa ka o maŋ pɔge o eŋa zaa, kuri taa la gbɛ̃ɛ̃ anaare, kuri e la nɛne ako noba mine kyɛ ka o e noba mine meŋ yaabaa. [[Duoro kɔre:Radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) Tsimanampetsotsa.jpg|thumb]] Gbɛɛ yaga o kpԑzi-gyamaa la koɔŋ. O eɛ mɔdoŋaa nang taa gbɛɛ anaare, a taa pɛgere kaŋa nang pili pɔge a o eŋganne zaa. Noba ba nang na dang ɔɔ o nɛne kaa, yeli ka ka foo nang doge o nɛne, fo ba mang eŋ koɔŋ bonso o nɛne nang taa koɔŋ̍. Ba meng la yeli ka, ka o nɛne mang noma la yaga ka foo sereng doge o soŋ̍. == Taxonomy == A species taa la yelyuuri neng Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2021)<ref>https://dx.doi.org/10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021</ref> ane a Turtle Extinctions Working Group (2015).<ref>https://doi.org/10.3854%2Fcrm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015</ref> '''Family Testudinidae''' Batsch 1788<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Batsch</ref> * <abbr>†</abbr>'''''Alatochelon''''' ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Alatochelon myrteum'' * '''''Aldabrachelys''''' Loveridge and Williams 1957:166<ref>http://biostor.org/reference/871</ref> ** ''Aldabrachelys gigantea'' Aldabra giant tortoise. *** ''A. g. gigantea'' Aldabra tortoise. *** ''A. g. arnoldi'' Arnold’s giant tortoise. *** ''A. g. daudinii'' Daudin’s giant tortoise. *** ''A. g. hololissa'' Domed Seychelles giant tortoise. ** †''Aldabrachelys abrupta'' Late Holocene, extinct ''circa'' 1200 AD ** †''Aldabrachelys grandidieri'' Late Holocene, extinct ''circa'' 884 AD * '''''Astrochelys''''' Gray, 1873:4<ref>http://biostor.org/reference/59893</ref> ** ''Astrochelys radiata'', radiated tortoise ** [[Duoro kɔre:African Spur Thigh Tortoise.JPG|thumb]]''Astrochelys yniphora'', angonoka tortoise, (Madagascan) plowshare tortoise * '''''Centrochelys''''' Gray 1872:5<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise#cite_note-gray1872-34</ref> ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys atlantica'' ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys burchardi'' Tenerife giant tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys marocana'' ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys robusta'' Maltese giant tortoise ** ''Centrochelys sulcata'', African spurred tortoise, sulcata tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Centrochelys vulcanica'' Gran Canaria giant tortoise * '''''Chelonoidis''''' Fitzinger 1835:112<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise#cite_note-fits1835-35</ref> ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis alburyorum'' Abaco tortoise, Late Pleistocene, extinct ''c.'' 1400 CE ** ''Chelonoidis carbonarius'', red-footed tortoise ** [[Duoro kɔre:Tortoise portrait.JPG|thumb]]''Chelonoidis chilensis'', Chaco tortoise, Argentine tortoise or southern wood tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis cubensis'' Cuban giant tortoise<ref>https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=374950</ref> ** ''Chelonoidis denticulatus'' Brazilian giant tortoise, yellow-footed tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''C. dominicensis'' Dominican giant tortoise<ref>http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Testudinidae&submit=Search</ref> ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis lutzae'' Lutz's giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis monensis'' Mona tortoise ** ''Chelonoidis niger'' Galapagos giant tortoise ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis sellovii'' Southern Cone giant tortoise, Pleistocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Chelonoidis sombrerensis'' Sombrero giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene * '''''Chersina''''' Gray 1830:5 ** [[Duoro kɔre:Tortoise 6.jpg|thumb]]''Chersina angulata'', angulated tortoise, South African bowsprit tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Cheirogaster''''' Bergounioux 1935:78 ** †''Cheirogaster gymnesica'' Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene ** †''Cheirogaster schafferi'' Pliocene to Early Pleistocene * '''''Chersobius''''' Fitzinger, 1835 ** ''Chersobius boulengeri'', Karoo padloper, Karoo dwarf tortoise, Boulenger's Cape tortoise ** ''Chersobius signatus'', speckled padloper tortoise ** ''Chersobius solus'', Nama padloper, Berger's Cape tortoise * †'''''Cylindraspis''''' Fitzinger 1835:112 (all species extinct) following Austin and Arnold, 2001: ** †''Cylindraspis indica'', synonym ''Cylindraspis borbonica'', Reunion giant tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis inepta'', saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant domed tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis peltastes'', domed Rodrigues giant tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis triserrata'', domed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant flat-shelled tortoise ** †''Cylindraspis vosmaeri'', saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Ergilemys''''' Ckhikvadze, 1984 ** ''Ergilemys bruneti'' ** ''Ergilemys insolitus'' ** ''Ergilemys saikanensis'' * '''''Geochelone''''' Fitzinger 1835:112 ** ''Geochelone elegans'', Indian star tortoise ** ''Geochelone platynota'', Burmese star tortoise * '''''Gopherus''''' Rafinesque 1832:64 ** ''Gopherus agassizii'', Mojave desert tortoise, Agassiz's desert tortoise ** ''Gopherus berlandieri'', Texas tortoise, Berlandier's tortoise ** ''Gopherus flavomarginatus'', Bolson tortoise ** ''Gopherus morafkai'', Sonoran desert tortoise, Morafka's desert tortoise ** ''Gopherus polyphemus'', gopher tortoise ** ''Gopherus evgoodei'', Sinaloan desert tortoise, Goode's thornscrub tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Hadrianus''''' ** ''Hadrianus corsoni'' (syn. ''H. octonarius'') ** ''Hadrianus robustus'' ** ''Hadrianus schucherti'' ** ''Hadrianus utahensis'' * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Hesperotestudo''''' ** ''Hesperotestudo alleni'' ** ''Hesperotestudo angusticeps'' ** ''Hesperotestudo brontops'' ** ''Hesperotestudo equicomes'' ** ''Hesperotestudo impensa'' ** ''Hesperotestudo incisa'' ** ''Hesperotestudo johnstoni'' ** ''Hesperotestudo kalganensis'' ** ''Hesperotestudo niobrarensis'' ** ''Hesperotestudo orthopygia'' ** ''Hesperotestudo osborniana'' ** ''Hesperotestudo percrassa'' ** ''Hesperotestudo riggsi'' ** ''Hesperotestudo tumidus'' ** ''Hesperotestudo turgida'' ** ''Hesperotestudo wilsoni'' * '''''Homopus''''' Duméril and Bibron 1834:357 ** ''Homopus areolatus'', common padloper, parrot-beaked tortoise, beaked Cape tortoise ** ''Homopus femoralis'', greater padloper, greater dwarf tortoise * '''''Indotestudo''''' Lindholm, 1929 ** ''Indotestudo elongata'', elongated tortoise, yellow-headed tortoise ** ''Indotestudo forstenii'', Forsten's tortoise, East Indian tortoise ** ''Indotestudo travancorica'', Travancore tortoise * '''''Kinixys''''' ** ''Kinixys belliana'', Bell's hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys erosa'', forest hinge-back tortoise, serrated hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys homeana'', Home's hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys lobatsiana'', Lobatse hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys natalensis'', Natal hinge-back tortoise ** ''Kinixys spekii'', Speke's hinge-back tortoise * '''''Malacochersus''''' Lindholm 1929:285 ** ''Malacochersus tornieri'', pancake tortoise * '''''Manouria''''' Gray 1854:133 ** ''Manouria emys'', Asian giant tortoise, brown tortoise (mountain tortoise) ** ''Manouria impressa'', impressed tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Megalochelys''''' Falconer, H. and Cautley, P.T. 1837. ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Megalochelys atlas'', Atlas tortoise, Extinct – Pliocene to Pleistocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Megalochelys cautleyi'', Cautley's giant tortoise * '''''Psammobates''''' Fitzinger 1835:113 ** ''Psammobates geometricus'', geometric tortoise ** ''Psammobates oculifer'', serrated tent tortoise, Kalahari tent tortoise ** ''Psammobates tentorius'', African tent tortoise * '''''Pyxis''''' Bell 1827:395 ** ''Pyxis arachnoides'', (Madagascan) spider tortoise ** ''Pyxis planicauda'', flat-backed spider tortoise, (Madagascan) flat-tailed tortoise, flat-tailed spider tortoise * '''''Stigmochelys''''' Gray, 1873 ** ''Stigmochelys pardalis'', leopard tortoise * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Stylemys''''' ** ''Stylemys botti'' ** ''Stylemys calaverensis'' ** ''Stylemys canetotiana'' ** ''Stylemys capax'' ** ''Stylemys conspecta'' ** ''Stylemys copei'' ** ''Stylemys emiliae'' ** ''Stylemys frizaciana'' ** ''Stylemys karakolensis'' ** ''Stylemys nebrascensis'' (syn. ''S. amphithorax'') ** ''Stylemys neglectus'' ** ''Stylemys oregonensis'' ** ''Stylemys pygmea'' ** ''Stylemys uintensis'' ** ''Stylemys undabuna'' * <abbr>†</abbr> '''''Titanochelon''''' ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon gymnesica'' <small>(Bate, 1914)</small> Balearic Islands, Pliocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Titanochelon bolivari'' <small>(Hernandez-Pacheco, 1917)</small> (type) Iberian Peninsula, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Titanochelon bacharidisi'' <small>(Vlachos et al., 2014)</small> Greece, Bulgaria, Late Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr> ''Titanochelon perpiniana'' <small>(Deperet 1885)</small> France, Pliocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon schafferi'' <small>(Szalai, 1931)</small> Samos, Greece, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon vitodurana'' <small>(Biedermann 1862)</small> Switzerland, Early Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon kayadibiensis'' <small>Karl, Staesche & Safi, 2021,</small> Anatolia, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon eurysternum'' <small>(Gervais, 1848–1852)</small> France, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon ginsburgi'' <small>(de Broin, 1977</small> ) France, Miocene ** <abbr>†</abbr>''Titanochelon leberonensis'' <small>(Depéret, 1890)</small> France, Miocene * '''''Testudo''''' ** ''Testudo graeca'', Greek tortoise, spur-thighed tortoise, Moorish tortoise ** ''Testudo hermanni'', Hermann's tortoise ** ''Testudo horsfieldii'', Russian tortoise ** ''Testudo kleinmanni'', Egyptian tortoise, including Negev tortoise ** ''Testudo marginata'', marginated tortoise ==Enfuomo== <gallery perrow="5"> File:Tortoise-Hatchling.jpg|Baby ''[[Marginated tortoise|Testudo marginata]]'' emerges from its egg File:Baby tortoise.jpg|Baby tortoise, less than a day old File:Tortoise closeup.jpg|Young, 20-year-old [[Tanzania]]n [[leopard tortoise]] feeding on grass File:Aldabra.giant.tortoise.arp.jpg|Aldabra giant tortoise, ''[[Aldabrachelys gigantea|Geochelone gigantea]]'' File:Leopards tortoise.jpg|22-year-old [[leopard tortoise]] File:Geochelone sulcata -Oakland Zoo -feeding-8a.jpg|African spurred tortoise from the [[Oakland Zoo]] File:Tortoise mating.jpg|Pair of [[African spurred tortoise]]s mate in a zoo File:TurtleRideIfrog.jpg|Boy rides a tortoise at a zoo File:Small tortoises mating.webm|Video of tortoises mating File:Young Hermann's Tortoise.jpg|Young ''[[Testudo hermanni]]'' </gallery> == Phylogeny == A molecular phylogeny ko a Kuri, yele nang tuuro Le et al. (2006: 525): {| class="wikitable" |Testudinidae | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Ergilemys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Manouria'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Gopherus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Indotestudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Testudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Malacochersus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Centrochelys sulcata'' |- | |- |''Geochelone'' | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Geochelone platynota'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Geochelone elegans'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Chersina'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Homopus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Stigmochelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Psammobates'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Aldabrachelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Pyxis'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Astrochelys radiata'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Astrochelys yniphora'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Kinixys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Chelonoidis'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} A separate phylogeny neng mtDNA yelpeԑre mine nang da yi kyaare Kehlmaier ''et al.'' (2021): {| class="wikitable" |Testudinidae | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Manouria'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Gopherus'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Testudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Indotestudo'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Agrionemys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Malacochersus'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |<abbr>†</abbr>''Cylindraspis'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Chersina'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Chersobius'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Homopus'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Psammobates'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Stigmochelys'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Aldabrachelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Pyxis'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Astrochelys'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Kinixys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |''Centrochelys'' |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Geochelone'' |- | |} |- | |- | | rowspan="2" |''Chelonoidis'' |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} |- | |} A 2023 Kehlmaier meng da la nyԑ la yelpeԑre mine yi phylogeny te ko a 2021 one, nang da la ta wagre mine kyaare evolutionary distinctiveness ko a extinct ''Cylindraspis'', kyɛ da la ta wagre mine a leԑ a ''Gopherus'' ane ''Manouria'', nang vɛŋ ''Gopherus'' ko a basal genus. ==Nimitoore kannoo== * {{cite book|title=A Sheltered Life: The Unexpected History of the Giant Tortoise|url=https://archive.org/details/shelteredlifeune0000cham|last=Chambers|first=Paul|year=2004|publisher=John Murray|location=London|isbn=978-0-7195-6528-1}} * {{cite book|title=Turtles of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/turtlesofworld00erns|url-access=registration|last1=Ernst|first1=C. H.|last2=Barbour|first2=R. W.|year=1989|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780874744149}} * {{cite book|title=Giant Tortoises of the Indian Ocean|last=Gerlach|first=Justin|year=2004|publisher=Chimiara|location=Frankfurt}} * {{cite journal|date=February 2002|title=Phylogenetic Relationships among the Species of the Genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Gene Sequences|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2002-02_22_2/page/174|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=22|issue=2|pages=174–183|doi=10.1006/mpev.2001.1052|pmid=11820839|issn=1055-7903|author1=Antoinette C. van der Kuyl|author2=Donato L. Ph. Ballasina|author3=John T. Dekker|author4=Jolanda Maas|author5=Ronald E. Willemsen|author6=Jaap Goudsmit}} ==Ziiri mine lingkiri== {{Commons|Testudinidae}} {{Wikispecies|Testudinidae}} * [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Testudinidae&submit=Search Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)], The Reptiles Database * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020111174914/http://www.chelonia.org/ Chelonia]}}: Conservation and care of turtles. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181104023757/http://tortoisestream.com/ Live Tortoise Stream ]: Live Tortoise Stream ==Sommo Yizie== [[Category:Tortoises| ]] [[Category:Testudinidae| ]] jpijtci8ubylvtwno6xlc8um7bee25m National Arts Festival 0 6328 63999 56781 2026-08-28T18:13:25Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 63999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q10990225}} '''A National Arts Festival (NAF)''' e la tigiri nang taa diibu yuoni la yuoni zaa ko a Makhanda, South Africa. O e la a tigi-kpong ko a arts festival nang be a African continent<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050824050000/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781561394/Grahamstown_Festival.html</ref> ane a performing arts festivals kpong kaŋa nang be a tendaa yi a saama waabo noɔre.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240109123753/http://www.worldfringealliance.com/</ref> === Subsidiary festivals === * Think Fest<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thinkfest.wordpress.com/|title=Think!Fest|website=Think!Fest|access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> * Spiritfest<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grahamstowncathedral.org/spiritfest/|title=Spiritfest – Cathedral of St Michael and St George|website=www.grahamstowncathedral.org|access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> * Wordfest<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ru.ac.za/wordfest/|title=Rhodes University – Where Leaders Learn|date=20 July 2011}}</ref> * [[National Youth Jazz Festival]] * [[Fingo Festival]] * Creativate Digital Arts Festival * National Schools Festival == Yiele ŋmԑ-baa-irii == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Music !Drama !Dance !Jazz !Visual Art !Other |- |2023 |Zoë Modiga |Kgomotso 'MoMo' Matsunyane |Lorin Sookool |Darren English |Stephané Conradie |Angel Ho (Performance Art) |- |2022 |Msaki |Billy Langa & Mahlatsi Mokgonyana |Sylvester Thamsanqa Majela |Linda Sikhakane |Lady Skollie |Koleka Potuma (Poetry) |- |2021 |Cara Stacey |Thando Doni |Kristi-Leigh Gresse |Vuma Levin |Buhlebezwe Siwani |Gavin Krastin (Performance Art) |- |2020 |Nthato Mokgata |Jefferson Tshabalala |Lulu Prudence Mlangeni |Sisonke Xonti |Blessing Ngobeni |– |- |2019 |Megan-Geoffrey Prins |Amy Jephta |Kitty Phetla |Mandla Mlangeni |Gabrielle Goliath |– |- |2018 |Guy Buttery |Jemma Kahn |Musa Hlatshwayo |Thandi Ntuli |Igshaan Adams |Chuma Sopotela (Performance Art) |- |2017 |Abel Selaocoe |Monageng 'Vice' Motshabi |Thandazile Radebe |Benjamin Jephta |Beth Armstrong |Dineo Bopape (Performance Art) |- |2016 |Avigail Bushakevitz |Jade Bowers |Themba Mbuli |Siya Makuzeni |Mohau Modisakeng |– |- |2015 |Musa Ngqunqwana |Christiaan Olwagen |Luyanda Sibiya |Nduduzo Makhathini |Kemang Wa Lehurele |Athi Patra Ruga (Performance Art) |- |2014 |Njabulo Madlala |Greg Homann |Nicola Elliott |Kyle Shepherd |Hasan & Husain Essop |Jahmil XT Qubeka (Film) Donna Kukama (Performance Art) |- |2013 |Runette Botha |Prince Lamla |Fana Tshabalala |Shane Cooper |Mary Sibande |Anthea Moys (Performance Art) |- |2012 |Kelebogile Boikanyo |Princess Mhlongo |Bailey Snyman |Afrika Mkhize |Mikhael Subotzky |– |- |2011 |Ben Schoeman |Neil Coppen |Mamela Nyamza |Bokani Dyer |Nandipha Mntambo |– |- |2010 |Samson Diamond |Janni Younge |Mlu Zondi |Melanie Scholtz |Michael MacGarry |Claire Angelique (Film) |- |2009 |Jacques Imbrailo |Ntshieng Mokgoro |Thabo Rapoo |Kesivan Naidoo |Nicholas Hlobo |– |- |2008 |Zanne Stapelberg |Jaco Bouwer |Dada Masilo |Mark Fransman |Nontsikelelo Veleko |– |- |2007 |Bronwen Forbay |– |Acty Tang |Shannon Mowday |Pieter Hugo |Akin Omotoso (Film) |- |2006 |– |Sylvaine Strike |Hlengiwe Lushaba |Concord Nkabinde |Churchill Madikida |– |- |2005 |Andile Yenana |Mpumelelo Paul Grootboom |Peter John Sabbagha |– |Wim Botha |Ramolao Makhene (Standard Bank Special Award for the invaluable contribution to and significant achievement in Theatre – posthumous award) |- |2004 |Tutu Puoane |Mncedisi Baldwin Shabangu |Portia Lebogang Mashigo |– |Kathryn Smith |Moses Taiwa Molelekwa (Standard Bank Special Award for the invaluable contribution to and significant achievement in Music – posthumous award) |- |2003 |Angela Gilbert |Yael Farber |Moya Michael |– |Berni Searle |Dumisani Phakhati (Film) |- |2002 |Prince Kupi |Sello Maake Ka-Ncube |Gregory Vuyani Maqoma |– |Brett Murray |– |- |2001 |Fikile Mvinjelwa |Brett Bailey |Tracey Human |– |Walter Oltmann |– |- |2000 |Gloria Bosman |Zenzi Mbuli |– |– |Alan Alborough |– |- |1999 |– |– |– |– |– |– |- |1998 |Bongani Ndodana-Breen |Aubrey Sekhabi |David Mudanalo Matamela and Debbie Rakusin |– |Nhlanhla Xaba |– |- |1997 |Sibongile Mngoma (Opera) |Geoffrey Hyland |– |– |Lien Botha |Alfred Hinkel (Standard Bank Special Award for invaluable contribution to and significant achievement in Dance) |- |1996 |Victor Masondo |Lara Foot Newton |Vincent Mantsoe |– |Trevor Makhoba |– |- |1995 |Abel Motsoadi |John Ledwaba |Boyzie Cekwana |– |Jane Alexander |– |- |1994 |Michael Williams (Opera) |Jerry Mofokeng |– |– |Sam Nhlengethwa |– |- |1993 |Sibongile Khumalo |– |Christopher Kindo |– |Pippa Skotnes |– |- |1992 |Raphael Vilakazi |Deon Opperman |– |– |Tommy Motswai |Kevin Harris (Film) |- |1991 |– |Peter Ngwenya |– |– |Andries Botha |Darrell Roodt (Film) |- |1990 |– |– |Robyn Orlin |– |Fée Halsted-Berning and Bonnie Ntshalintshali |– |- |1989 |Johnny Clegg |Marthinus Basson |Gary Gordon |– |Helen Sebidi |Pieter-Dirk Uys (Drama) (1820 Foundation Special Award) |- |1988 |– |Mbongeni Ngema |– |– |Margaret Vorster |– |- |1987 |Hans Roosenschoon |– |– |– |William Kentridge |– |- |1986 |– |Andrew Buckland |– |– |Gavin Younge |– |- |1985 |Sidwill Hartman |Maishe Maponya |– |– |Marion Arnold |– |- |1984 |– |Ken Leach |– |– |Peter Schütz |Lamar Crowson (Music) (Standard Bank / 1820 Foundation 10th Anniversary Special Award) |- |1983 |David Kosviner |Paul Slabolepszy |– |– |Malcolm Payne |– |- |1982 |– |Janice Honeyman |Lindy Raizenberg (Ballet) |– |Neil Rodger |– |- |1981 |John Theodore |Richard E Grant |– |– |Jules van de Vijver |– |} == Yiel-ŋmeԑreba == A kyɔɔtaa direbe mine la bama: * 2020: Madosini, traditional musician * 2019: Bernie Searle, visual artist * 2018: Mamela Nyamza, dancer and choreographer * 2017: Neo Muyanga, musician and composer * 2016: Lara Foot Newton, playwright and director * 2015: Satire (The genre was chosen as the programme centrepiece) * 2014: Sylvaine Strike, actor and director * 2013: Mike van Graan, playwright and director * == Meng kaa kyԑ == {{Portal|South Africa}} {{see also|Guy Butler (poet)|Fringe World}} == ziiri mine sommo == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal|last1=Snowball|first1=J. D.|last2=Willis|first2=K. G.|title=Estimating the Marginal Utility of Different Sections of an Arts Festival: the Case of Visitors to the South African National Arts Festival|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_leisure-studies-journal-leisure-studies-association_2006-01_25_1/page/43|journal=Leisure Studies|volume=25|issue=1|year=2006|pages=43–56|issn=0261-4367|doi=10.1080/0261436052000330410|s2cid=145578941}} * {{cite journal|last1=Snowball|first1=J. D.|last2=Webb|first2=A.C.M.|title=Breaking into the conversation: cultural value and the role of the South African National Arts Festival from apartheid to democracy|journal=International Journal of Cultural Policy|volume=14|issue=2|year=2008|pages=149–164|issn=1028-6632|doi=10.1080/10286630802106326|s2cid=144987200}} * {{Cite journal|volume=93|issue=372|pages=387–409|last=Kenneth W. Grundy|title=The Politics of South Africa's National Arts Festival: Small Engagements in the Bigger Campaign|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_1994-07_93_372/page/387|journal=African Affairs|date=July 1994|jstor=723369|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098726}} * {{cite journal|last1=Verweij|first1=P.|title=Making Convergence Work in the Newsroom: A Case Study of Convergence of Print, Radio, Television and Online Newsrooms at the African Media Matrix in South Africa During the National Arts Festival|journal=Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies|volume=15|issue=1|year=2009|pages=75–87|issn=1354-8565|doi=10.1177/1354856508097020|s2cid=145734010}} * {{cite journal|last1=Willis|first1=K. G.|last2=Snowball|first2=J. D.|title=Investigating how the attributes of live theatre productions influence consumption choices using conjoint analysis: the example of the National Arts Festival, South Africa|journal=Journal of Cultural Economics|volume=33|issue=3|year=2009|pages=167–183|issn=0885-2545|doi=10.1007/s10824-009-9097-z|s2cid=154900991}} * {{cite journal|last1=Snowball|first1=J. D.|title=Building Cultural Capital: Transforming the South African National Arts Festival|last2=Willis|first2=K.G.|journal=The South African Journal of Economics|volume=74|issue=1|year=2006|pages=20–33|issn=0038-2280|doi=10.1111/j.1813-6982.2006.00046.x}} * {{cite journal|last1=Saayman|first1=Melville|last2=Rossouw|first2=Riaan|title=The significance of festivals to regional economies: measuring the economic value of the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in South Africa|journal=Tourism Economics|volume=17|issue=3|year=2011|pages=603–624|issn=1354-8166|doi=10.5367/te.2011.0049|s2cid=96426655}} * {{Cite journal|title=Does loyalty pay? First-time versus repeat visitors at a national arts festival|author1=M Kruger|author2=M Saayman|author3=SM Ellis|journal=Southern African Business Review|date=2010|volume=14|issue=1|access-date=6 September 2014|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sabr/article/view/76353}} * {{cite journal|last1=Saayman|first1=Melville|last2=Saayman|first2=Andrea|title=Does the location of arts festivals matter for the economic impact?|journal=Papers in Regional Science|volume=85|issue=4|year=2006|pages=569–584|issn=1056-8190|doi=10.1111/j.1435-5957.2006.00094.x|doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal|last1=Snowball|first1=J. D.|title=Art for the Masses? Justification for the Public Support of the Arts in Developing Countries – Two Arts Festivals in South Africa|journal=Journal of Cultural Economics|volume=29|issue=2|year=2005|pages=107–125|issn=0885-2545|doi=10.1007/s10824-005-5064-5|s2cid=153831364}} * {{cite journal|last1=Snowball|first1=J. D.|title=Valuing the Arts|last2=Antrobus|first2=G. G.|journal=South African Journal of Economics|volume=70|issue=8|year=2005|pages=1297–1319|issn=0038-2280|doi=10.1111/j.1813-6982.2002.tb00067.x}} * {{cite journal|last1=Snowball|first1=J. D.|title=Interpreting Economic Impact Study Results: Spending Patterns, Visitor Numbers and Festival Aims|journal=South African Journal of Economics|volume=72|issue=5|year=2005|pages=1076–1084|issn=0038-2280|doi=10.1111/j.1813-6982.2004.tb00146.x}} * {{cite journal|last1=Bain|first1=Keith|title=Make Believe: Standard Bank National Arts Festival Grahamstown, 2–12 July 1998|journal=South African Theatre Journal|volume=12|issue=1–2|year=1998|pages=137–164|issn=1013-7548|doi=10.1080/10137548.1998.9687669}} * {{cite journal|last1=van der Vyver|first1=Abraham G.|last2=du Plooy-Cilliers|first2=Franzél|title=The social dynamics of arts festivals: A comparative analysis of the KKNK and the Grahamstown National Arts Festival|journal=South African Theatre Journal|volume=20|issue=1|year=2006|pages=192–203|issn=1013-7548|doi=10.1080/10137548.2006.9687832|s2cid=219592996}} * {{cite journal|last1=Kitshoff|first1=Herman|title=Grahamstown National Arts Festival—Grahamstown, 1–10 July 2004|journal=South African Theatre Journal|volume=18|issue=1|year=2004|pages=246–249|issn=1013-7548|doi=10.1080/10137548.2004.9687791|s2cid=110399137}} * {{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=Megan|title=Standard Bank National Arts Festival, Grahamstown, South Africa, 3–13 July 1997 (review)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_theatre-journal_1998-03_50_1/page/105|journal=Theatre Journal|volume=50|issue=1|year=1998|pages=105–107|issn=1086-332X|doi=10.1353/tj.1998.0018|s2cid=191525482}} * {{cite journal|last1=Neethling|first1=Miemie|title=To fund or not to fund|journal=South African Theatre Journal|volume=14|issue=1|year=2011|pages=202–217|issn=1013-7548|doi=10.1080/10137548.2000.9687710|s2cid=179042240}} {{refend}} == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == * {{Official website|http://www.nationalartsfestival.co.za/}} == Sommo Yizie == {{coord|33.31945|S|26.51933|E|display=title|format=dms}} [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:mainpage]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:tigiri]] [[Gbuli:Afirika tige]] bm8guxysc91t05en37tzawyacxkdluf Ousmane Sembène 0 6967 64001 63663 2026-08-28T18:17:21Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260828sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 64001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q314966}} '''Ousmane Sembène''' (1 January 1923 bee 8 January 1923<ref name="Gadjigo2010">{{cite book |author=Samba Gadjigo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vOxxoBXTVcC&pg=PA7 |title=Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist |date=6 May 2010 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-00426-0 |pages=7}}</ref> – 9 June 2007), da la a Senegalese sinii daraata, maala ane sɛgerɛ. A ''Los Angeles Times'' da de o la k'o da e a sɛgesɛgerɛ kpoŋ kaŋa ko a Africa ka gbɛɛ gyamaa ka ba maŋ boɔle o ka "wederɛ ko African sinii".<ref name="LA">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-sembene14jun14,1,4130153.story?track=rss|title=Ousmane Sembene, 84; Senegalese hailed as 'the father of African film'|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-06-14|access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref> O da maŋ nyɛɛ sommo gyamaa kyaare a o French gɔɔloŋ a '''Sembène Ousmane''', ka o da nyɛ a ka a da e bone naŋ da vɛŋ k'o da ba taa teɛroŋ soŋ kyaare a "colonial imposition" kyaare a yuori poruu tige.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jonassaint|first=Jean|date=2010|title=Le cinéma de Sembène Ousmane, une (double) contre-ethnographie : (Notes pour une recherche)|url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ethno/2010-v31-n2-ethno3691/039372ar/|journal=Ethnologies|language=fr|volume=31|issue=2|pages=241–286|doi=10.7202/039372ar|s2cid=192052034|issn=1481-5974|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Naŋ da yi Serer yiriŋ yi a o ma zuiŋ naŋ be a dɔgroŋ gbɛre naŋ e Matar Sène, Ousmane Sembène da maŋ maale be la a Serer saakonnoo tigiri. O da nyɛɛ yele mine kyaare a ''Tuur tigiri''.<ref name="Sem">{{in lang|en}} Gadjigo, Samba, "Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist", Indiana University Press, (2010), p 16, {{ISBN|0253354137}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=8vOxxoBXTVcC&dq=serer+maternal+clans&pg=PA16] (Retrieved : 10 August 2012)</ref> == Kuuŋ == Ousmane Sembène kuu bebiri da la 9 June 2007, o naŋ da e yuomo 84. O da gaŋɛɛ baaloŋ December 2006, a da kpi a o yiriŋ Dakar, Senegal, be k'o danyɛ uumu neŋ shroud adorned naŋ taa Quranic verses.<ref>Callimachi, Rukmini "Father of African cinema buried in Senegal" 12 June 2007. [http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=nw20070612095103464C182325] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822124001/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1|date=22 August 2007}}</ref> Sembène da nyɛ la biiri bayi kultaa parɛɛ ayi poɔ.<ref>{{cite news|last=Macnab|first=Geoffrey|newspaper=The Independent|date=13 June 2007|access-date=2009-11-14|title=Obituaries – 'Ousmane Sembene'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ousmane-sembene-452880.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012053001/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ousmane-sembene-452880.html|archive-date=2011-10-12}}</ref> Seipati Bulane Hopa, Secretary General ko Pan African Federation ko Filmmakers (FEPACI), da mannɛɛ Sembène k'o da e "a ''luminary that lit the torch for ordinary people to walk the path of light...a voice that spoke without hesitation, a man with an impeccable talent who unwaveringly held on to his artistic principles and did that with great integrity and dignity."<ref name="Screen">[http://www.screenafrica.com/news/stop_press/956682.htm Tributes to Ousmane Sembene: 1923 – 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924235925/http://www.screenafrica.com/news/stop_press/956682.htm|date=24 September 2007}}, screenafrica.com</ref>'' South Africa's Pallo Jordan, Minister ko Arts ane saakonnoo, da la gaa la nimitɔɔre e eulogizing Sembène na e "a ''well rounded intellectual and an exceptionally cultured humanist...an informed social critic [who] provided the world with an alternative knowledge of Africa."''<ref name="Screen" /> == Toma == === Gama === * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Le Docker noir |date=1956 |publisher=Debresse |location=Paris}} Also a new edition by publisher [[Présence Africaine]] of 2002. ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Black Docker |url=https://archive.org/details/blackdocker0000semb |date=1987 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435908966 |series=African writers |location=London |oclc=16084389}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Black Docker |url=https://archive.org/details/blackdocker0000semb |date=1989 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435908973 |series=African writers |location=Oxford |oclc=476822988}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=O Pays, mon beau peuple! |date=1957 |publisher=Amiot Dumont, 1957 |oclc=1009422560}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Les bouts de bois de Dieu : Banty mam yall |date=1988 |publisher=Le Livre Contemporain |location=[Paris] |oclc=62109468}} A later edition of the original of 1960. ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=God's Bits of Wood |title-link=God's Bits of Wood |date=1995 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn= |location=London |translator-last=Price |translator-first=Francis |oclc=562242510}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title={{ill|Voltaïque|fr|Voltaïque (recueil)}} |date=1962 |publisher=Présence Africaine |location=Paris |oclc=312515053}} Short stories. ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Tribal Scars and other stories |title-link=Tribal Scars |date=1974 |publisher=INSCAPE |isbn=9780879530150 |location=Washington |oclc=763705}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=L'Harmattan |date=1964 |publisher=Présence Africaine |location=Paris |oclc=460661419}} Reprint 1973. * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Vehi-Ciosane ou Blanche-Genèse, suivi du Mandat |date=1965 |publisher=Présence Africaine (Ligugé, impr. Aubin) |location=Paris |oclc=460661424}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=The Money-Order with White Genesis |title-link=The Money-Order with White Genesis |date=1987 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435900922 |location=London |translator-last=Wake |translator-first=Clive |oclc=572500}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Xala |date=1973 |publisher=Présence africaine |location=Paris}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Xala |url=https://archive.org/details/xala00semb_0 |date=1976 |oclc=470084596}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Xala |title-link=Xala (novel) |date=1980 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435901752 |location=London |oclc=974104373}} * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Le dernier de l'Empire |date=1981 |publisher=L'Harmattan |isbn=9782858021697 |location=Paris |oclc=405576233}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=The Last of the Empire: a Senegalese novel |url=https://archive.org/details/lastofempiresene0000semb |date=1983 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=9780435902506 |location=London |translator-last=Adams |translator-first=Adrian |oclc=10030343}} "A Key to Senegalese Politics" – Werner Glinga. * {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Niiwam : nouvelles |url=https://archive.org/details/niiwamsuividetaa0000semb |date=1987 |publisher=Présence africaine |isbn=9782708704862 |location=Paris |oclc=631337297}} ** {{Cite book |last=Sembène |first=Ousmane |title=Niiwam and Taaw [two novellas] |date=1991 |publisher=D. Philip |isbn=9780864861221 |location=Cape Town |oclc=24360778}} Also Oxford and Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1992. === Filmography === Sembène's sinii la:<ref name="africultures">{{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3495|title=Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal|website=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation|access-date=8 October 2023|date=2023|language=French}}</ref><ref name="africine">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/personne/ousmane-sembene/3495|access-date=8 October 2023|website=africine.org|title=Ousmane Sembène Film director, Writer, Actor, Producer, Screenwriter, Person concerned|date=2020|publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC)}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0783733}}</ref><ref name="africanfilmny">{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ousmane-sembene/|title=Ousmane Sembène Director|publisher=African Film Festival, Inc. (AFF)|location=New York|access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Genre !Role !Duration (min) |- |1963 |''[[Borom Sarret]]'' |Drama short Portrait of a poor Senegalese man. First film made by a black African.<ref name="imdb" /> |Director and writer |20 m |- |1964 |''[[Niaye]]'' |Drama short The scandal of a pregnant young girl |Director and writer |35 m |- |1966 |''[[Black Girl (1966 film)|Black Girl]]'' (original title: ''La noire de...'') |Drama feature A Senegalese girl becomes a servant in France |Director and writer |65 m |- |1968 |''[[Mandabi]]'' |Drama feature A Senegalese man has to cope with a money order from Paris |Director and writer |92 m |- |1970 |''Tauw'' |Drama short A young man makes a home for his pregnant girlfriend |Director and writer |24 m |- |1971 |''[[Emitaï]]'' |Drama feature [[Jola people]] protest [[World War II]] French conscription |Director and writer |103 m |- |1975 |''[[Xala]]'' |Comedy feature A corrupt politician is cursed with impotence |Director and writer |123 m |- |1977 |''[[Ceddo (film)|Ceddo]]'' |Drama feature In protest outsiders ([[Ceddo]], non-muslims) kidnap a black princess |Director and co-writer with Carrie Sembene |120 m |- |1988 |''[[Camp de Thiaroye]]'' |Historical drama feature In the 1944 [[Thiaroye massacre]] French troops kill rebelling returned black soldiers |Co-director and co-writer with [[Thierno Faty Sow]] |147 m |- |1992 |''[[Guelwaar]]'' |Drama feature Religious and political satire on an erroneous burial |Director and writer |115 m |- |2000 |''[[Faat Kiné]]'' |Drama feature An unwed mother succeeds professionally |Director and writer |120 m |- |2004 |''[[Moolaadé]]'' |Drama feature Women protest [[female genital mutilation]] |Director and writer |124 m |} == Nimitɔɔre kannoo == * {{Cite journal|last1=Adeniyi|first1=Idowu Emmanuel|date=2019|title=Male Other, Female Self and Post-feminist Consciousness in Sembène Ousmane's ''God's Bits of Wood'' and [[Flora Nwapa]]'s ''Efuru''|url=|journal=Ibadan Journal of English Studies|volume=7|issue=|pages=57–72|doi=|access-date=}} * {{Cite book |last1=Busch |first1=Annett |author-link= |url= |title=Ousmane Sembène interviews |last2=Annas |first2=Max |date=2008 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=9781934110850 |location=[Jackson] |page= |oclc=778204000}} ** {{Cite web|url=http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1092|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918190523/http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1092|archive-date=2009-09-18|title=Ousmane Sembène: Interviews. Edited by Annett Busch and Max Annas|last=|first=|date=|website=upress.state.ms.us|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson|access-date=7 October 2023|quote="Culture is political, but it's another type of politics. In art, you are political, but you say, 'We are' and not 'I am.'"}} * {{Cite book |title=Ousmane Sembène : dialogues with critics and writers |date=1993 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |isbn=9780870238895 |editor-last1=Gadjigo |editor-first1=Samba |location=Amherst |oclc=28339413 |editor-last2=Faulkingham |editor-first2=Ralph H. |editor-last3=Cassirer |editor-first3=Thomas |editor-last4=Sander |editor-first4=Reinhard}} * {{Cite book |last=Gadjigo |first=Samba |title=Ousmane Sembène : the making of a militant artist |url=https://archive.org/details/ousmanesembenema0000gadj |date=2010 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253354136 |location=Bloomington |oclc=313659212}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/10/cameras-dafrique-elvis-mitchell-on-west-african-cinema-and-the-need-for-diverse-film-criticism-interview-164704/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029112241/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/10/cameras-dafrique-elvis-mitchell-on-west-african-cinema-and-the-need-for-diverse-film-criticism-interview-164704/|archive-date=2018-10-29|title=Caméras d'Afrique: Elvis Mitchell On West African Cinema and The Need for Diverse Film Criticism (Interview)|last=Mumin|first=Nijla|date=October 4, 2013|website=IndieWire|publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=David |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/sembeneimagining0000murp|title=Imagining Alternatives in Film and Fiction – Sembene' |date=2001 |publisher=Africa World Press Inc. |isbn=9780852555552 |location=Oxford |page= |oclc=254943835}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Niang|first1=Sada|last2=Gadjigo|date=Fall 1995|title=Interview with Ousmane Sembene|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_fall-1995_26_3/page/174|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=26|issue=3|pages=174–178|doi=|access-date=}} * {{Cite book |last=Niang |first=Sada |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/litteratureetcin0000unse|title=Littérature et cinéma en afrique francophone: Ousmane Sembène et Assia Djebar |date=1996 |publisher=L’Harmattan |isbn=9782738448750 |location=Paris |page= |oclc=917569861}} * {{Cite book |last=Pfaff |first=Françoise |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/cinemaofousmanes0000pfaf|title=The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene: A Pioneer of African Film |date=1984 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313244001 |location=Westport, Connecticut |page= |oclc=10605185}} * {{Cite web|url=https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/PdfViewer/vital:8397/SOURCEPDF?viewPdfInternal=1|last=Rubaba|first=Protas Pius|title=The influence of feminist communication in creating social transformation: an analysis of the films Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) and Water (Deepa Mehta)|publisher=South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS)|date=2009|format=PDF|website=vital.seals.ac.za|pages=132}} Master thesis in Applied Media Studies, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. * {{Cite book |last=Vieyra |first=Paulin Soumanou |author-link= |url= |title=Ousmane Sembène cineaste: première période, 1962–1971 |date=1972 |publisher=Présence Africaine |isbn= |location=Paris |page= |oclc=896779795}} == Sommo yizie == [[Category: Dagaare]] [[Category: gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Sini]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == === Sinii sere === * {{YouTube|id=9ipcync79CI|title=Ceddo (1977), with English and French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**)}}. Video duration 1h:51m:41s. Uploader XMusicMusicX 2013. * {{YouTube|id=omjlksmIw_s|title=FILM GUELEWAR Ousmane Sembene 1992 (en Français)}}. Video duration 1h:29m:38s. Uploader Roomnart 2022. === A zaa === * {{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/sembene-ousmane/|title=Authors & Artists. Sembene, Ousmane|quote=As far as I am concerned, I no longer support notions of purity. Purity has become a thing of the past. . .|access-date=7 October 2023|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|date=19 August 2020|publisher=Postcolonial Studies, Emory University}} * {{IMDb name|0783733}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.newsreel.org/articles/OusmaneSembene.htm|title=Ousmane Sembene: the life of a revolutionary artist|last=Gadjigo|first=Samba|date=|website=newsreel.org|publisher=California Newsreel, San Francisco|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=Crossing the geographical and national borders of his native Senegal, Ousmane Sembene's literary and cinematographic output places him today as the "father" of African films and as one of the most prolific "French-speaking" African writers in this first century of "creative" writing in francophone Africa.}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=6654|title=Interview with Ousmane Sembène — father of African film|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204175447/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=6654|archive-date=4 February 2012|last=|first=|date=11 June 2005|website=socialistworker.co.uk|publisher=Socialist Worker|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/11/world/africa/11sembene.html|title=An Appraisal: A Filmmaker Who Found Africa's Voice|last=Scott|first=A.O.|date=2007-06-11|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/movies/12semb.html|title=Ousmane Sembène, 84, Dies; Led Cinema's Advance in Africa|last=Scott|first=A.O.|date=2007-06-12|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3495|title=Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal|last=|first=|date=|website=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://missingimage.com/book/export/html/250569|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806102441/http://missingimage.com/book/export/html/25056|title=Ousmane Sembene Interviews|archive-date=2008-08-06|last1=Busch|first1=Annett|last2=Annas|first2=Max|date=|website=missingimage.com|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/episodes/2004/10/12/segments/37154|title=Ousmane Sembene|last=|first=|date=October 12, 2004|website=wnyc.org|publisher=New York Public Radio, [[WNYC]]|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembene on his distinguished and prolific career, as well as his latest film: Moolaadé.}} Duration 31 min 20 sec. Audio file of the interview on the Leonard Lopate show. * {{Cite web|url=http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/10/23/selected-lines-of-the-book-ousmane-sembene-interviews/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121052028/http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/10/23/selected-lines-of-the-book-ousmane-sembene-interviews/|archive-date=2010-11-21|title=Selected lines of the book "Ousmane Sembène Interviews"|last=Amekudji|first=Anoumou|date=23 October 2009|website=blog.cineafrique.org/|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=I interviewed Sembène Ousmane on July 25, 2006. We were supposed to meet again to continue the discussion and talk about other elements of his Cinema but he passed away at the beginning of June 2007.|language=}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?isbn=978-0-253-22151-3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506212522/http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?isbn=978-0-253-22151-3|archive-date=2011-05-06|title=Ousmane Sembène. The Making of a Militant Artist. Samba Gadjigo. Translated by Moustapha Diop. Foreword by Danny Glover|last=|first=|date=2010|website=iupress.indiana.edu|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, Indiana|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://maumaus.org/Films/Sembene.html|title=Sembène: The Making of African Cinema (1994)|last1=|first1=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=maumaus.org|publisher=Associação Maumaus - Centro de Contaminação Visual|location=Lisbon, Portugal|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=In this rich documentary, legendary Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembène reminisces about his career and discusses the craft of his films and novels.}} Review of the film by [[Manthia Diawara]] and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. ==== A French kɔkɔreŋ ==== * {{Cite web|url=http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/08/27/rencontre-avec-sembene-ousmane-ecrivain-cineaste-senegalais|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507030026/http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/08/27/rencontre-avec-sembene-ousmane-ecrivain-cineaste-senegalais|archive-date=2011-05-07|title=Rencontre avec Sembène Ousmane, écrivain-cinéaste sénégalais|last=Amekudji|first=Anoumou|date=|website=blog.cineafrique.org|publisher=|quote=Article paru dans l’hebdomadaire sénégalais, Weekend, l’hebdo du Quotidien, Semaine du 2 au 8 aout 2007|language=French|access-date=7 October 2023}}. One of the last interviews of Sembene Ousmane. * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=3854|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123050837/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=3854|archive-date=2006-11-23|first=Olivier|last=Barlet|title=La leçon de cinéma d'Ousmane Sembène au festival de Cannes 2005|date=27 May 2005|language=French|access-date=7 October 2023}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=5967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519185756/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=5967|archive-date=2011-05-19|title=Sembène, le mécréant|last=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=11 June 2007|website=africultures.com|publisher=africultures. Les mondes en relation|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=2506|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215656/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=2506|archive-date=26 September 2007|title=Entretien avec Ousmane Sembène|last=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=15 August 2007|website=africultures.com|publisher=africultures. Les mondes en relation|quote=|language=French|access-date=7 October 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2004/12/16/ousmane-sembene-le-dakarois-en-perpetuelle-revolte|title=LE PÈRE DU CINÉMA AFRICAIN. Ousmane Sembène, le Dakarois en perpétuelle révolte|date=15 December 2004|website=courrierinternational.com|publisher=Courier International|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} Ultimate source: International Herald Tribune. * {{Cite web|url=http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ousmane_sembene.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915070255/http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ousmane_sembene.html|archive-date=2007-09-15|title=Cinéma > Ousmane SEMBENE|website=senegalaisement.com|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} tmlvcjjkqr7327bb2qqillvid06llg0 Kamyshin Watermelon Festival 0 7236 64003 62610 2026-08-29T00:41:10Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 64003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|item=Q4211938}} A '''Kamyshin Watermelon''' '''tigiri''' (Russian: Камышинский арбузный фестиваль) e la yuoni zaa Russian nimipɛle tigiri naŋ maŋ di Kamyshin teŋɛ a Volgograd Oblast poɔ. O naŋ yi ne a Moscow teŋɛ bebiri tigiri, a tigiri maŋ di la a teŋɛ dogebo bebiri a August kyuu baaraa saga a Watermelons, ka noba baŋ ne o ka o e a teŋɛ watermelon tenkpoŋ. <ref>http://eventsinrussia.com/en/event/20384</ref> <ref>https://www.rbth.com/document/5a2a553f85600a6f9410ddd3/amp</ref>Lamaale, dewulibo ane boma kɔɔroo maŋ be la a tenne zaa poɔ a bebiri na zaa a lane maakyio, ane sori zu seɛbo. == Dakoroŋ == A tigiri bebe a yi a dakoroŋ mannoo na naŋ da e a yuoni 1722 poɔ, be ka Peter naŋ da gaa a teŋɛ a wagere na a Dmitrievsk yuori saga. A o be gaabo poɔ, o gaabo da yi la tɔna yaga o naŋ da wa di a ba teŋɛ wɔɔtamɛlɔ baare.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20260411044803/https://volgaland.volsu.ru/en/object/81</ref> A yuoni 2007 poɔ,a wɔɔtamɛlɔɔ tigiri dɛndɛnsoba, Business System Group ko a tontnoɔre la da maale o a Kamyshinka River a Borodino baa nimitɔɔre. Ka a tigiri tage noba naŋ pare kɔɔ lantaa ane saama a teŋɛ zaa. A yi 2008, a Administration ko a teŋɛ Kamyshin la da maŋ maale a tigiri. Kyakya paaleba ba naŋ la eŋ la kultaa deme a yuoni poɔ, ka ba da piili a kyakya ŋa a yuoni 2017<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221205215919/https://arbuzfest.ru/o_festivale/istorija_festivalja.aspx</ref>.<ref>http://www.admkamyshin.info/2011/09/14/itogi-iv-kamyshinskogo-arbuznogo-festivalya-zelo-otmennyj-plod.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20231116222210/http://kamyshinstar.ru/?p=171</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092000/http://www.volgograd-trv.ru/news.aspx?id=16422</ref> == Organization == A yelnyɔgeraa ko a tigiri maŋ kyille la yuoni zaa, a yi a yelnyɔgeraa poɔ ko a tigiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230223124814/https://arbuzfest.ru/o_festivale/predydushhie_festivali.aspx</ref> Nimipɛle noba maŋ poɔ la a Kamyshin Watermelon tigiri. A yi lɛ na noba naŋ maŋanne a yi 20 te ta 30 noba kɔɔ la maŋ gaa a tigiri, ka saama maŋ yi la Saratov, Moscow, Astrakhan, Krasnodar, ane tenne naŋ peɛle ane anaŋ naŋ e tɔbo (Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Germany, France). A saategeroŋ ko a tigiri la Governor ko Volgograd Oblast. A lantaa zie,a wɔɔtamɛlɔɔ arebo maŋ bene, ka noba naŋ ta 4,000 maŋ poɔ ka yaako boma maŋ ta 20 a maŋ wa wuli ba yaako ka noba da. Wɔɔtamɛlɔɔ naŋ baagere 60 ka ba.maŋ di wane a tigiri zie. A neɛ na naŋ maŋ benne a tigiri yelkɔrɔ la yeli ka wɔɔtamɛlɔɔ tegeroŋ da ta la 21.7 kg, ka o na la da nyɛ a a kyɔɔtaare a yuoni 2014 poɔ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20260626170400/https://dacha.help/frukty-i-yagody/arbuznyy-festival-v-kamyshine-2019</ref> == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Tigiri]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Tige]] ia88yi8nv7cpl2jncxsnpxo78emi213 Derssa 0 7263 64002 63637 2026-08-28T23:40:26Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 64002 wikitext text/x-wiki == Derssa == {{databox|item=Q16628511}} Derssa (Arabic  درسة) e la bone naŋ pore Algerian cuisine,<ref>"[https://www.marmiton.org/recettes/recette_la-dersa-une-sauce-algerienne-simple-et-savoureuse_338829.aspx La Dersa : une sauce algérienne simple et savoureuse]"". Marmiton.</ref> o e la bone ba naŋ maq de garlic, cumin, sɛmanzeɛre ane olive kaaŋ.<ref>Fatima-Zohra, Bouayed (1970-01-01). ''[https://www.amazon.co.uk/cuisine-alg%C3%A9rienne-Bouayed-Fatima-Zohra/dp/B0099RJDZ8 La cuisine algérienne]'' (in French). Temps Actuels. p.&#x20;11.</ref> Gbɛɛ yaga o maŋ e la bone banaŋ maŋ de di neŋ nɛne seɛraa kyɛ maŋ naŋ maŋ baŋ de puli nɛne bee zɛvaare sɛre ka ba baŋ de piili ne a dogebo. A e la bonsoŋ kyɛ naŋ e mɔlɔ ane ba maŋ de puli ne la zɔŋ tɛɛtɛɛ a maale ne bondirii ka a tere nyuu soŋ. Ba maŋ baŋ de a la a maale ne sauce ne boroodo bee zɛvaare bee a de mere dɔgele a de pɔge ne a nɛmɛ sazu.<ref>Garet, Alicia (2021-06-08). "[https://sosrecette.com/dersa-sauce-a-lail-algerienne/ Dersa: sauce à l'ail algérienne]". ''Sos Recette'' (in French). Retrieved 2023-02-24.</ref><ref>"Dersa Algerian Garlic Sauce" by Christine Benlafquih on The Spruce Eats</ref> A derssa moɔne meŋa maŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi irigiŋ kaŋazaa na maŋ waa bee a mine a e tɛɛtɛɛ a yi yiri kaŋa zaa toɔre, a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ ŋa meŋ maŋ taa la a boma ba naŋ maŋ de eŋ aseŋ  coriander, lemon juice, bee toose zɔŋ.<ref>Warda. ""[https://www.northafricancooking.com/dersa-algerian-spicy-sauce/ Dersa Algerian Spicy Sauce"]". ''North African Cooking''</ref> A yelnimizeɛ la boma naŋ seŋ ka a maŋ be a bondirii ama poɔ la, garlic, cumin, chili flakes, bee olive kaaŋ la gbɛɛ yaga a maŋ be a bondirii ama kaŋa zaa.<ref>"[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://www.cuisine-pied-noir.com/recette/recette_courge-a-la-dersa/#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url Courge à la dersa]". ''archive.wikiwix.com''. Archived from [https://www.cuisine-pied-noir.com/recette/recette_courge-a-la-dersa/#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url the original] on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2023-02-24.</ref> Derssa neŋ la ka ba baŋ ka o e kpeɛŋaa, a maŋ taa nyuu soŋ, a bondirii naŋ pore a Algerian yigbulo nɔŋ a maaloo. A maŋ tasoga nyuuru ŋa dersa bee dersah kyɛ ka ba meŋ naŋ baŋ a ka e  harissa, irigiŋ mine poɔ. A ba seŋ ka a maŋ burburi noba a North African poɔ, ba boɔlɔ a la ka harissa, ka boma na banaŋ maŋ de maale ne meŋ e a toɔraa, aseŋ a mine maaloo poɔ ba maŋ eŋ la sɛmanzeɛ, garlic, ane boma mine. A Algerian paaloŋ poɔ, derssa e la maalo meŋ e la o toɔraa lɛ ka ba maŋ maale o yi garlic ane cumin banaŋ maŋ ɛre lantaa ane toɔre ane tulundaa bee bondirii bonɛraa, a paaŋ de pulli ne sɛma maara ane olive kaaŋ kyɛ gu ka a te leɛ boŋkoɔ. A derssa paaŋ e la bone ba naŋ are ka o gaŋ ta gogori mine bee a gaŋ dambio a toɔ vɛŋ ka nyuu ne a boma toɔ lantaa sɛre ka baŋ de maale ne bondirii. Kyɛ a boma naŋ e nimizeɛ a boma ama maalo poɔ la   garlic, cumin, chili flakes, and olive kaaŋ, ane meŋ derssa na baŋ pulli boma mine naŋ e a toɔraa ne a ama a seŋ,  paprika, coriander, lemon juice<ref>Hansen, Victoria. ""[https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/277003/dersa-harissa-algerian-hot-pepper-sauce/ Dersa (Harissa) Algerian Hot Pepper Sauce]"". ''Allrecipes''</ref> bee toose zɔŋ. A derssa ŋa meŋa na baŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi irigiŋ saaŋkompare naŋ wuli lɛ.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240411190428/https://www.cuisineaz.com/recettes/dersa-87660.aspx Dersa]". CuisineAZ.</ref> == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Culture connect Africa 2026]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Bondiraa]] [[Gbuli:west Africa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] 24qs5e2whlk52c6mx6erbhysh8511pu