Wikipiideɛ dgawiki https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gamp%C9%9Bl%C9%9B_zu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Duoro bimbu zie Be o yoŋ Yeli Toma daana Toma daana yeli Wikipedia Wikipedia yeli Duoro kɔre Duoro kɔre yeli MediaWiki MediaWiki yeli Tɛmpileti Tɛmpileti yeli Sombo Sombo yeli Gbuli Gbuli yeli TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Julie Mehretu 0 5423 64195 64132 2026-10-19T22:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 64195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q447568}} '''Julie Mehretu''' <ref name=":0" />(dɔgebo daare la November 28, 1970) O e la Ethiopia America bonveɛle bomaala, ka ne-gyamaa  bammo neŋ a o toŋgyamaa na kyaare pentiroo naŋ be yaga. A o pɛntiri, Enfuomo maalo, ane peretin wuli la tɛɛtɛɛloŋ naŋ be yelfere naŋ be teŋɛ maaloo leɛroo. == O Nyɔvooroŋ Ane Sakuuri Yɛlɛ == Mehretu dɔgebo zie da la Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, naŋ da e 1970, naŋ da e bidɛndɛŋ soba ko Ethiopia kolaagye purofɛsa kyaare teŋɛ ane a Jewish Ameleka Montessori [[karema]]. Ba da yi la a teŋɛ 1977 ka ba zo neɛ  poletekal turmoil kyɛ da gaa East Lansing, Michigan, kyaare a o sãã karema wuluu wɛderoŋ kyaare teŋɛ maaloo naŋ be Michigan teŋɛ Yunivenite.<ref name=":0">http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/03/29/100329fa_fact_tomkins</ref><ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref>: 215  O e la neɛ naŋ baare East Lansing Haae Sakuuri, Mehretu da nyɛ la a Bakyela degree yineŋ Kalamazoo kolaagyi naŋ be Kalamazoo, Michigan, kyɛ da e  Gyuunia yuoni a nansaal paaloŋ teŋɛ kaŋa naŋ e Cheikh Anta Diop Yuniveniti Sakuuri (UCAD) naŋ be Dakar, Senegal, kyɛ da la leɛ gaa Rhode Island Sakuuri naŋ kyaare maalo ko teroo, Rhode Island, be o na da nyɛ a Masare ko Fine Arts degree naŋ da e 1997.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://white-cube.files.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/CVs/Julie-Mehretu/Julie-Mehretu-CV-September-2023.pdf?dm=1697102894</ref> Ba da iri o la ka o da e CORE kpaaroŋ naŋ da be Museum ko Nuuri Toma zie (Fine Arts) naŋ be Houston, a kpɛzie naŋ taa a duoro-ŋmɛ-yaara dieŋ, a toma, ane a mannewulluu na be museum poɔ.<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/03/29/big-art-big-money</ref> == O Nuuru Toma Nyɔvooroŋ == [[Duoro kɔre:Documenta13 (12).JPG|thumb|Documenta ]] Ŋmenaa naŋ na ba saaŋ (alegorthm 5, lɛtɛ ayi) (2014) naŋ be Museum ko Modern toma a yuoni 2022. Mehretu's canvases boma mine na be enfuomo maalo poɔ naŋ wulo tembԑrԑ meɛroŋ ane tutaalong wuluu ko tembԑrԑ nimizeԑ toma, te paale city grids ane wɛda kyate.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160404220549/http://museum.cornell.edu/exhibitions/excavations-prints-julie-mehretu</ref> a wuluu da sereŋ taa la yele mine, wogiruŋ mine naŋ sereŋ be, naŋ sere wuli ka o wulo toŋgyamaa mine naŋ e yelwuli ane sentaaloŋ ka o da mɛ Enfuomo na sentaa tembɛrɛ nyɔvore yele.<ref>http://whitecube.com/artists/julie_mehretu/</ref> O enfuomo bommaale maŋ soma la teseŋ a pɛntere, ane laayare mine naŋ taa tuo, Enfuomo naŋ taa a paaloŋ deme mannoo naŋ be a a tendaa poɔ.<ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20100610080209/http://artmuseum.msu.edu/exhibitions/past/mehretu/index.html</ref> A bonfēē enfuomo bommaale naŋ taa toŋgyamaa yele kyaare maaloo da sere nyɛ la eebo yi pɛntere.<ref name=":2" /> A 2002, Mehretu da yeli ka a o toma da la: [[Duoro kɔre:Julie Mehretu (13899464483) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Julue Mehretu]] N leɛ teɛrɛɛ a n maaloo na e lɛzikɔn parɛɛ kaŋa, yelwulaa, bee kɔkɔre bondemannewuli naŋ taa bammo ane teŋgbulli yɛlɛ. A bonwulli naŋ be a n mapo n naŋ maale, sori tuubu, leɛ kaabo, ane meɛroŋ deebo. N da yeli la yele ko, leɛkaabo, ane mapo a ba bammo ane gɔɔloŋ neŋ zimaale yele: a ba paaloŋ,  a ba kori, a ba tage-taa, ane a ba zɔɔre. A paintini maalo zie da la bone naŋ ba taa nyaamo: a terrain na ba saaŋ, a mapo na ba maale saaŋ. N na da boɔrɔ ka n toŋ na da boɔrɔ la zie na naŋ na e a makere, a bonwulli. A lanna neŋ parɛɛ gyamaa naŋ be akitɛtuuraa yeltuuri ane bommaale n da eɛ la ka n da maale mɛtafɔɔriki, tetɔniki bammo kyaare dakoroŋ yeltare. N da boɔrɔ ka n da wanne a n bommaale neŋ a wagere naŋ na senne ane zie naŋ na senne.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Mehretu#cite_ref-9</ref> Mehretu naŋ da yeli yɛlɛ 2014 Ɛpirikal bommaale, Istanbul (2004) da mannewuli la Mehretu's naŋ da tone yelgyamaa a dakoroŋ yeltare. Araabiki  sɛgebie ane ulli naŋ wuli sommo yizie ko Araabiki bonsɛgere naŋ da yɛre yaare a canvas.<ref name=":1" /> A Stadia I, II, ane III (2004) Mehretu da iree a sããkommo tona naŋ be a sitaadume yineŋ makere ane leeyare naŋ be boma mine waaloŋ mine. A Stadia naŋ taa akitɛtuurale yelsoore naŋ kyaare a sitaadume, flaaki na ba maale saaŋ naŋ be a tendaa, ane sommo yizie ko a kooporate logos.<ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Julie_Mehretu_%2813899464483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Julie_Mehretu_%2813899464483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg</ref> Mogamma: A Pɛntere naŋ be a lambogiri ata poɔ (2012), a gbuli yuori ko a  monumɛtale canvases anaare  naŋ be a gampɛlɛ pie ne ata (13) poɔ, naŋ kyaare a 'Al-Mogamma', a yuori ko a gɔbena boɔbo zaa naŋ e meɛroŋ ko Tahrir, Cairo, naŋ da e bommaale ko a  2011 leɛbo ane akitɛtuurale yeltuuri ko Egypt's possi-koloniyal na da tɔle. A yelbiri 'Mogamma', gbɛɛ gyamaa, muni la 'gbulli' a Araabiki a dakore saŋa, e la bone ba na maŋ de ko zie naŋ taa tonnoɔre ne a kamori yiri, a synagogue ane a Ŋmempuori yiri a meŋ e zie ko multi faith.<ref>https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/julie_mehretu_bermondsey_2013/</ref> A da e dawagere mine toma, a Round City, Hatshepsut (2013) taa la akitɛtuurale tuuru ko Baghdad, Iraq, omeŋɛ – o yelzu naŋ kyaare a dakore saŋa yuori ko a paaloŋ naŋ be a dasaŋa mapore. A pɛntere, Insile (2013) meɛroŋ naŋ kyaare Foto enfuoni sagedeɛrɛ' Palace amid civilian meɛroŋ, leɛ maale la a niŋe neŋ pɛntere Nki, basaamo ane puliŋ boma mine.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190926122254/https://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2013-05-11_julie-mehretu/</ref> Leɛbo (S.M. del Popolo/after C.) (2019–2020) naŋ be a Metropolitan Museum ko Art a 2022. A 2007, a libie bimmu baŋgye Goldman Sachs da ko o la Mehretu a $5 miliyɔɔ kɔmesin kyaare a lobby mural. A toma naŋ be a Mural da la a yɛloŋ naŋ ne a tennis kɔɔto kyɛ da taa gyamaa kyaare bondaanoo maapo, akitɛtuurale enfuoni maalo naŋ be a bondaanoo ziiri, ane sommo yizie ka o da toŋ ne a yielŋmeɛreba mine. Calvin Tomkins naŋ be New Yorker boɔle o la "neɛŋ naŋ sereŋ baŋ pɛntere o naŋ da nyɛ yuoŋgyamaa mine naŋ pare",<ref name=":0" /> ane a kɔmɛteeta meŋ da bigiri o ka " o da e a kpoŋ ane a public art naŋ toŋ wagere gyamaa mime naŋ".<ref>https://www.vogue.com/article/julie-mehretu-sfmoma-howl-commission-harlem</ref> Neŋgyamaa naŋ bammo neŋ pɛntere naŋ e kpoŋ, Mehretu kyɛ da taa bammo neŋ a  piritin wagere naŋ o na da baare yi a sakuuri naŋ be Rhode Island Sakuuri kyaare bommaale, be o naŋ da zanna pɛntin ane pirinti kpaaroŋ a yuoni soga poɔ 1990s. A o bammo kyaare piritin maalo da piihi neŋ la etching. O da baarɛɛ lantaa kpaaroŋ naŋ be bammo pirinti kpaaroŋ naŋ be Ameleka, na kyaare ba a magere gyamaa nyaamo toɔre a Minneapolis, Crown Point Press naŋ be San Francisco, Gemini G.E.L. a Los Angeles, ane Derrière L'Étoile Studios ane Burnet Editions naŋ be New York teŋɛ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120803033259/http://alums.vassar.edu/news/2011-2012/120617-fllac-mehretu.html</ref> Mehretu da e la neɛ naŋ be CORE Program, Glassell Sakuuri ko Art, Museum ko Fine Arts, Houston, (1997–98) ane a Artist-in-Residence Program naŋ be Studio Museum a Harlem (2001).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120909194840/http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/julie-mehretu</ref> A o toma saŋa a Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, naŋ da e 2003, o da tone la sakuu-bipɔgeba lezare ane pie yineŋ East Africa. A spring of 2007 o da e la Guna S. Mundheim Visual Arts Fellow naŋ be American Academy na be Berlin.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030007/http://www.americanacademy.de/home/person/julie-mehretu</ref> A yuoni na poɔ, o da eɛ monthlong laŋkpeԑbo yeltuuri neŋ 40 art sakuubiiri yineŋ Detroit public haae sakuuri.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/arts/design/11shee.html</ref> [[Duoro kɔre:Inside the Studio with Julie Mehretu 00.33.jpg|thumb|Be a studio neŋ Julie Mehretu]] Mehretu a o studio yi a o residency na be Berlin, Mehretu da eɛ neɛ naŋ da maale pԑntere ayɔpoi yineŋ Deutsche Guggenheim; yelzu naŋ e Grey Area (2008–2009), a eroŋ da maalɛɛ a urban landscape na be Berlin ka o da e a dasaŋa na dakore yele mine ane saamo.<ref name=":1" />: 221  A pɛntere Vanescere (2007), a sɔɔla-ane-peɛlaa waalong naŋ da tere mannewuli lɛnɛɛ naŋ senne ka o be a maelstrom a ink ane acrylic marks, ka a mine da ba nyɛ eebo a linen sommo, da terɛɛ sobituuri na naŋ be a Grey Area series. Lamboe mine nang be a Fragment (2008–09) ane Middle Grey (2007–09) naŋ maale a maale la sambaroo sobie. A kaŋa meŋ da la a pɛntɛ naŋ be Berlin, Berliner Plätze (2008–09), da taa la phantom nang leɛ sugilitaa da mannɛɛ yuomo pie-ne-anii a German tie meɛroŋ naŋ da taa kyaane a poɔŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89207-396-2</ref> A art historian da sɛbe la Scott ka o yeli a Grey Area series: "A somber poɔ, simplified tonal paintings, a gyamaa zie la da taa a nineteenth-century yimeɛre naŋ da sãã a World War II, neɛ maŋ taa la a vuo ka o mɛ a yiri wagere naŋ o na, gbɛɛ gyamaa teseŋ a dakore yɛlɛ naŋ be a paaloŋ o naŋ da yele."<ref name=":1" />: 221  A Mehretu naŋ da mannewuli a Ocula Magazine, "A yelnyɔgeraa zaa a 20th-century progress ane a teɛre naŋ kyaare a  futurity neŋ modernity da ba nyɛ eebo, lambori zaa. Ŋaa zaa la vɛŋ ka N da teɛrɛ lɛnɛɛ n naŋ na nyɛ."<ref>https://ocula.com/magazine/conversations/julie-mehretu/</ref> A 2017, Mehretu da lanne ne la  jazz yielyiele ane interdisciplinary artist Jason Moran ka ba maale MASS (HOWL, eon)]. <ref>https://archive.performa-arts.org/archive/17b-pc-0008</ref>kannoo naŋ be Harlem Parish naŋ da paale a Performa 17 biennial, MASS (HOWL, eon) ka ba de a deɛdeneba kyaare a Mehretu's canvas kyɛ ka yielŋmereba da e a bontare yineŋ Moran. Mehrhtu's toŋ dɛndɛŋ soba kyaare a painted glass da nyɛ la eebo 2024. A 85 foot (26 m) tall artwork, ŋmenaa puribo saŋa, da nyɛ la eebo yi Barack Obama da nyɛ la eebo yineŋ noɔre yelyaga naŋ be a memorial ceremony ko a civil-rights-era Selma marches. O da eɛ yi o naŋ da e vuo a be a museum tower ko a Barack Obama Presidential Center. <ref>https://www.obama.org/stories/glass-window-uprising-of-the-sun-obama-presidential-center/</ref>Mehretu e la mɛmba ko a  Artists Committee naŋ be a Americans kyaare a Arts.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190528095856/https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/promotion-and-recognition/strategic-partners/artists-committee</ref> == Kyɔɔtaare == [[Duoro kɔre:Secretary Kerry Awards the Medal of Arts Lifetime Achievement Award to Julie Mehretu.jpg|thumb|Gansɛgerɛ Kerry Kyɔɔtaɛ naŋ e Medal naŋ be Arts lifetime achievement Kyɔɔtaɛ ko Julie Mehretu]] Mehretu da nyɛɛ U.S. Department ko State Medal of Arts a 2015. A 2000, Mehretu da nyɛɛ sommo yi Piiluu kyaare Contemporary Arts Grants yi yielŋmeɛreba kyɔɔtaɛ. Ona da la a dedeɛraa ko a 2001 Penny McCall Kyɔɔtaɛ<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220331090047/http://www.pennymccallfoundation.org/2001.html</ref> kyɛ meŋ da la e a kaŋa a 2005 dedeɛrɛ ko a MacArthur Fellowship, gbɛɛ gyamaa ka ba maŋ yeli ka a "genius grant."<ref>http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/ae/art/3375771</ref> A 2013, Mehretu da nyɛ la kyɔɔtare yi Barnett ane Annalee Newman Kyɔɔtare, ane a 2015, o da nyɛ la US Department of State Medal of Arts yi a paalong Gansɛgerɛ John Kerry.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170224025911/http://www.art.state.gov/ProjectDetail.aspx?id=107880&typeId=6</ref> A 2020, a magazine wagere te paale Mehretu kyaare a noba  100 naŋ da e nemenne. <ref>https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/patrisse-cullors-julie-mehretu-and-tourmaline-make-2020-time100-list-1234571502/</ref>A 2023, German automaker BMW da iree Mehretu ka o pԑnte a "art car" ka o da kpɛ a  24 Hours of Le Mans race.<ref>https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/patrisse-cullors-julie-mehretu-and-tourmaline-make-2020-time100-list-1234571502/</ref> Art critic naŋ kyaare a Australian newspaper Christopher Allen mannewulee Mehretu's toma ka o e  "a baara feeble gasp naŋ e overhyped ane exhausted New York art market". <ref>https://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/the-best-and-worst-of-art-exhibitions-in-2024/news-story/d44177d14bb5e9da0b55ff658d0f4431</ref>Mehretu da maalɛɛ a wagere 100 noba nang taa leɛbo naŋ da be a 2020.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250209095930/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888498/julie-mehretu/</ref> A yuoŋ tuuraa meŋ poɔ, a New York wagere mannɛɛ ka o da e a "a bondemannewulaa ko a nensaale sɔgelaa nang e pɔge a erԑ pԑnten naŋ da daŋ kpɛ a canon."<ref name=":3">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/arts/design/julie-mehretu-and-success.html</ref> A 2023, o da paalɛɛ a pɔgeba yielŋmeɛreba bayi naŋ da sere tona kpeɛŋaa a da paale a sazu koɔrong libiri daarong noɔre.<ref>https://news.artnet.com/art-world/5-quick-takeaways-from-the-artnet-intelligence-report-2439207</ref> == Toma mine naŋ da be a gyamaa deɛbo == *''Blue Field'' (1997), Museum ko Fine Arts, Houston<ref>[https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/39211/blue-field? https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/39211/blue-field?]</ref> *''Babel Unleashed'' (2001), Walker Art Center, Minneapolis<ref>http://walkerart.org/collections/artworks/babel-unleashed</ref> *''Retopistics: A Renegade Excavation'' (2001), Crystal Bridges Museum ko American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas<ref>[https://collection.crystalbridges.org/objects/4178/retopistics-a-renegade-excavation? https://collection.crystalbridges.org/objects/4178/retopistics-a-renegade-excavation?]</ref> *''Congress'' (2003), The Broad, Los Angeles<ref>https://www.thebroad.org/art/julie-mehretu/congress</ref> *''Empirical meɛbo, Istanbul'' (2003), Museum ko Modern Art, New York<ref>[https://www.moma.org/collection/works/91778? https://www.moma.org/collection/works/91778?]</ref> *''Entropia (review)'' (2004), Brooklyn Museum, New York<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210830120343/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/168332</ref> *''Stadia I'' (2004), San Francisco Museum ko Modern Art<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191207025713/https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/2006.7/</ref> *''Stadia II'' (2004), Carnegie Museum ko Art, Pittsburgh<ref>https://collection.cmoa.org/objects/3229aff9-ee40-4ef0-9789-106221a25892</ref> *''Stadia III'' (2004), Virginia Museum ko Fine Arts, Richmond<ref>https://vmfa.museum/piction/6027262-57439008/</ref> *''Local Calm'' (2005), A San Diego Museum ko Art<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230404020052/https://collection.sdmart.org/objects-1/info/22214?sort=0&objectName=Local%20Calm</ref> *''Atlantic Wall'' (2008-2009), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York<ref>https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/25118</ref> *''Mural'' (2009), 200 West Street, New York City<ref>https://www.thecut.com/2021/03/the-irreducible-julie-mehretu.html</ref> *''Auguries'' (2010), A Broad, Los Angeles<ref>https://www.thebroad.org/art/julie-mehretu/auguries</ref> ane National Museum ko African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>[https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmafa_2011-5-1? https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmafa_2011-5-1?]</ref> *''Untitled'' (2011), Studio Museum nang be Harlem, New York<ref>https://www.studiomuseum.org/collection-item/untitled-7</ref> *''Mogamma, A Pɛnten nang be a Dori Anaare: Dori 3'' (2012), Tate, London<ref>https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mehretu-mogamma-a-painting-in-four-parts-part-3-t13997</ref> *''Mogamma, Pɛnten nang be a Dori Anaare: Dori 4'' (2012), Museum ko Fine Arts, Houston<ref>[https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/120736/mogamma-a-painting-in-four-parts-part-4? https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/120736/mogamma-a-painting-in-four-parts-part-4?]</ref> *''Cairo'' (2013), A Broad, Los Angeles<ref>https://www.thebroad.org/art/julie-mehretu/cairo</ref> *''Invisible Sun (algorithm 5, lɛtɛ ayi soba waalong)'' (2014), Museum ko Modern Art, New York<ref>https://www.moma.org/collection/works/186548?classifications=any&date_begin=Pre-1850&date_end=2022&q=mehretu&utf8=%E2%9C%93&with_images=1</ref> *''Myriads, Dark yong'' (2014), National Gallery ko Art, Washington, D.C.; ane Pérez Art Museum Miami<ref>https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.166013.html#inscription</ref> *''A Love Supreme'' (2014-2018), Art Institute ko Chicago<ref>https://www.artic.edu/artworks/246863/a-love-supreme</ref> *''Hineni (E. 3:4) (Me voici)'' (2018), Centre Pompidou, Paris<ref>https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/oeuvre/cqEj4By</ref> *''Haka (ane Riot)'' (2019), Los Angeles County Museum ko Art<ref>https://collections.lacma.org/node/2285624</ref> *''Conversion (S.M. del Popolo/after C.)'' (2019-2020), Metropolitan Museum ko Art, New York.<ref>https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/848796?ft=mehretu&offset=0&rpp=40&pos=1</ref> A 2016, a San Francisco Museum na be a Modern Art da piilee a Mehretu ka ba maale a diptych, neŋ a painti naŋ kyaare a staircase naŋ e a atrium naŋ be a neԑzaa nyaamo. HOWL, eon (I, II) (2016-2017) da taa la ŋmɛ-yaaroo a neɛzaa nyaamo a September 2, 2017. Ka o teɛ a diptych, Mehretu maŋ be la ŋmene yiri nang na ba taa teroo, naŋ da be Harlem naŋ da e studio ka o maale. A boɔbo maaloo saŋa, o da laŋ ne la jazz pianist Jason Moran.<ref>https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/julie-mehretu-sfmoma-commission-debut-1069271</ref> <ref>https://art21.org/watch/extended-play/julie-mehretu-politicized-landscapes-short/</ref>HOWL, eon (I, II) e la politikal yelmannewulii yi a dakore saŋa a western United States' landscape, te paale San Francisco Bay Area. A toma zaa piiluu zie naŋ taa enfuomo yineŋ race riots, street protests, ane nineteenth-century enfuomo naŋ be American West.<ref>https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/2017.237.A-B/</ref><ref>https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/julie-mehretu-howl-eon-i-ii/</ref> == Bonwulli Mine == A 2001, Mehretu da paalɛɛ a bonwuli Painti kyaare daŋkyini naŋ pare Walker Art Center. O da wa ta la wagere kaŋa a da paale a 38 yielŋmeɛreba toma naŋ da kyaare a 2004-5 Carnegie International: A kaa baaroŋ saŋa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081011200623/http://www.cmoa.org/info/npress71.asp</ref> O da paale la lambo gyamaa, te paale ona naŋ be a Curatorial Studies, Bard kolagyi, Annandale-on-Hudson (2000). O toma da be paale Freestyle bonwuli naŋ be a Studio Museum a Harlem (2001); a Americans nang be a Barbican enfuomo naŋ be a London (2001); White Cube enfuomo naŋ be London (2002),<ref>https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/julie_mehretu_duke_street_2002/</ref> a Busan Biennale naŋ be Korea (2002); a 8th Baltic Triennial na be Vilnius, Lithuania (2002); ane Enfuomo maalo pampana: aroozie anii (2002) na be Museum of Modern Art na be New York. Mehretu's meŋ da paalɛɛ "a Praise of Doubt" bonwuli na be Palazzo Grassi na be Venice na e summer a 2011 meŋ na e dOCUMENTA (13) na be Kassel a 2012. A 2014, o da paalɛɛ Divine Comedy: Heaven, Purgatory ane Hell naŋ taa leɛ kaabo yi African yielyielebe, a taa maalo yi Simon Njami.<ref>https://www.scadmoa.org/exhibitions/2014/the-divine-comedy-heaven-purgatory-and-hell-revisited-by-contemporary-african</ref> A 2021, a Whitney Museum of American Art a teŋɛ zaa a retrospective naŋ be Mehretu's toma.<ref name=":3" /><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/arts/design/julie-mehretu-whitney-review.html</ref> Mehretu's paale la gɔnne zaa naŋ be Shape of Time, a 2024 bondeɛre bonwuli na da taa eebo Pérez Art Museum Miami a da taa maaloo yi Franklin Sirmans, a museum daraata.<ref>https://www.pamm.org/en/exhibition/every-sound-is-a-shape-of-time-selections-from-pamms-collection/</ref> A exhibition dɛndɛŋ soba da eɛ neɛ na da areko Mehretu a Australia ane a Asia-Pacific irigyin, ka a yelzu e A Transcore of the Radical teԑrong, da taa la eebo yi Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, Sydney, yi November 2024 te ta April 2025. <ref>https://www.mca.com.au/exhibitions/julie-mehretu-a-transcore-of-the-radical-imaginatory/</ref>Art market Mehretu's paintere la Untitled 1 (2001) koɔre o la $1.02 million a Sotheby's na e September 2010.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140912205459/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-26/lehmans-art-firesale-fetches-12m/2274674?section=justin</ref> A libiri ba na da duori da eɛ $600–$800,000. <ref>http://artobserved.com/2010/08/ao-auction-preview-two-years-after-declaring-bankruptcy-lehman-brothers-hopes-to-sell-hundred-of-artwords-worth-millions-at-3-auctions-in-uk-us/</ref>At Art Basel naŋ be 2014, White Cube koɔrɛɛ Mehretu's Mumbo Jumbo (2008) ko $5 million.<ref>https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/05c22454-f6d9-11e3-8ed6-00144feabdc0.html</ref> A 2023, Michael Ovitz koɔrɛɛ Mehretu's Walkers naŋ a Dawn ane beguo (2008) ko a $10.7 million, na maala yelpala mine ko yielŋmeɛraa meŋɛ ane yielŋmeraa kaŋa zaa ba na dɔge a Africa.<ref>https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/records-for-julie-mehretu-barkley-hendricks-sothebys-310-m-contemporary-sale-november-2023-1234686971/</ref> A 2005, Mehretu's toma da e la bomwuli mine ko Lehmann v. A Project Tendaa zaa yele kyɛ baŋ e a New York Supreme Court, a yeldɛndɛŋ soba da yi la collector yi ba na da boɔrɔ ka ba da e a contemporary art.<ref name=":4">https://archive.org/details/12millionstuffed0000thom/page/196</ref> A yɛlɛ da paalɛɛ merɛ yeltare kyaare ne a o toma ane a o ananso kyaare o na da zagere a tondɛndɛŋ soba yineŋ a o saŋa na enfuomo ane a  deɛdeɛra. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101103232526/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/1168/julie-mehretu/</ref>O na da leɛ gaa ka o te pɛŋe a $75,000 yineŋ a collector Jean-Pierre Lehmann te ko a Project enfuomo, naŋ da taa maaloo a February 2001, a enfuomo ananso la ka o da tere a Lehmann a nukpeɛŋaa kyaare a o dɛndɛŋ zageroo kyaare toma zaa naŋ yi yielŋmeɛrɛ la yielŋmeɛrɛ zaa a enfuoni naŋ taa, ane 30 per cent discount ka a sane da wa leɛ taa yɔɔbo. Lehmann da nyɛ la a sane ŋa ka o da e bone na da taa soobo ko Mehretu's toma, kyɛ, noba banaare mine meŋ da nyɛ la kpeɛŋaa faŋa kaŋa yi ba boɔbo a enfuoni poɔ naŋ taa a yielŋmeɛrebɛ. <ref>http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/news/artnetnews2/artnetnews1-18-05.asp</ref>A enfuoni da koɔrɛɛ 40 Mehretu yi a contract saŋa, ka bamine da are ko discounts naŋ da e 40 percent.<ref name=":4" />Lehmann da nyɛ la Mehretu gyamaa da bebe la a  catalog na taa a Walker Art Center ka ba da koɔre ko a collector Jeanne Greenberg Rohatyn, kyɛ da taa nyaamo ka ba da ba taa teɛseɛbo ko taa.<ref name=":5">https://www.christopher-mason.com/journalism-articles/2018/7/27/she-cant-be-bought-julie-mehretu</ref> O da pãã da sɛgɛɛ gane ko Haye a da boɔrɔ $17,500, ane, ba na da ba ko ba bonzaa yi a Mehretu pieces naŋ da maale, ba da de o la gaane kɔɔtɔ.<ref name=":5" /> A yɛlɛ, da taa diibu ko Lehmann, ka ba da yeli ko a gyamaa boma daaroŋ nɔɛ ane enfuome da terɛɛ ko a dedeɛreba kyɛ pɛntere korɔ Mehretu ane yielŋmeɛrɛ mine  – yele maŋ baŋ taa la eebo ko art world.<ref name=":4" />A October 2023, Mehretu da saŋɛɛ a auction record ko a African artist naŋ be Sotheby's Hong Kong, neŋ o yele na naŋ ba taa yelzu (2001), naŋ taa koɔroŋ na e $9.32 million.<ref>https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-ethiopian-painter-julie-mehretu-breaks-auction-record-african-artist</ref> == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == Mehretu kpeɛrɛ la boraasaɛŋ ayi naŋ be Harlem. <ref name=":6">https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/julie-mehretu-interview-whitney-museum-retrospective-denniston-hill</ref>O kulee yielŋmeɛrɛ na e Jessica Rankin a 2008, ka ba da taa biiri bayi, Cade Elias (dɔgebo 2005) ane Haile (dɔgebo 2011);<ref name=":0" /> o deɛmɛ naŋ e gansɛgrɛ ane yelwiira yele ko Lily Brett.<ref>http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/art/11265/</ref> Ba kultaa da saaɛŋ 2014.<ref name=":6" /><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/12/t-magazine/jessica-rankin-partners-friends.html</ref> Mehretu da biŋɛɛ  a bɔlŋmɛ zie ko Chelsea naŋ peɛle a Whitney Museum ko American Art.<ref name=":6" /><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/arts/design/julie-mehretu-and-success.html</ref> A 2004, ona da piilee – neŋ a Lawrence Chua ane Paul Pfeiffer – Denniston Hill, yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ taa  200-acre sakuuri zie a Sullivan County, New York.<ref name=":6" /> O meŋ da tona la old arms factory na be a Berlin a 200<ref name=":6" /> ane a St. Thomas ane a Apostle Church na be Harlem yi 2016 te ta 2017.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/03/arts/design/julie-mehretu-san-francisco-museum-of-modern-art.html</ref> A October 2024, a Whitney Museum da moɔlɛɛ Mehretu da soŋɛɛ neŋ million dollars ko a "Free 25 ane Under" kpaaroŋ sere naŋ da be museum guests o na da e yuomo  lezare ane anuu.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/arts-culture/fine-art/whitney-art-museum-free-for-visitors-25-and-younger-b82eba39?mod=fine-art_news_article_pos1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARTnews</ref> == Ziiri mine sommo == {{commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240228154246/https://www.carliergebauer.com/artists/julie_mehretu Website of her gallery carlier | gebauer including CV and works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228154246/https://www.carliergebauer.com/artists/julie_mehretu|date=February 28, 2024}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130611043147/http://www.highpointprintmaking.org/editions/mehretu_julie/index.html Julie Mehretu at Highpoint Center for Printmaking, Minneapolis] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241115152507/https://walkerart.org/archive/2/af7361e991c363206165.htm Julie Mehretu at Walker Art Center, Minneapolis] * [http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/passages/mehretu-conversation.html Julie Mehretu interviewed for Ethiopian Passages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927231153/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/passages/mehretu-conversation.html|date=September 27, 2011}} * [http://artobserved.com/2010/08/ao-auction-preview-two-years-after-declaring-bankruptcy-lehman-brothers-hopes-to-sell-hundred-of-artwords-worth-millions-at-3-auctions-in-uk-us/ 2010 article including an image of ''Untitled 1''] == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:AfroCuration Ghana 2025]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] g5lzvfz6ibo9h9qavnq9rz9qy2jhf8z Reuben Riffel 0 5763 64197 54976 2026-10-19T23:20:12Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 64197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q21501550}} '''Reuben Riffel''' e la neɛ ba naŋ dɔge 23 Disembare 1974 yuoni poɔ. O e la South Afrika bondimaale kuntege, zambɛre soba ane tiivi nensaala noba naŋ baŋ o ne o naŋ pukyaare [[bondirii]] yel-erre tiivi zu, bondimaale gama ne o nimimaaroŋ zoro toma.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023004/http://whoswho.co.za/reuben-riffel</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Reuben Riffel |- |'''Dɔgebo''' 23 Disembare 1974 (yumo 50) [https://Franschhoek,Cape&#x20;provine&#x20;South&#x20;Africa Franschhoek, Cape] [https://Franschhoek,Cape&#x20;provine&#x20;South&#x20;Africa Province, South Africa] |- |'''Pɔge''' Markye Riffel |- |'''Biiri''' 2 |- |'''Zambɛre bammo toma''' |- |'''Bondi-maale sobiri''' [https://.South&#x20;African&#x20;cuisine.org South African cuisine] |- |'''Pampana Zambɛre''' Reuben's Franschhoek Reuben's at The Robertson small Hotel Reuben's at Paternoster Racine Restaurant |- |'''Teevi Yelerre''' 5 Sterre met Reuben |- |'''Kyɔɔtaare o naŋ di''' SA Bondi-maale zukaraa a yuoni 2004 Yeŋe Bondi-zie a yuoni 2004 Unilever Bondi-maale zukaraa a yuoni 2007 |- |entɛnɛte wuobu [https://reubens.co.za reubens.co.za] |} == Nyɔvore Piiluu == Reuben Riffel e la neɛ ba naŋ dɔge Franschhoek, Cape Province, South [[Africa]] poɔ 23 disembare 1974 yuoni poɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Net</ref> O e la biiri bata soba naŋ baa yiri ba naŋ boɔla Groendal, baa kaŋa naŋ be Franschhoek.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20231008054415/https://content.time.com/time/travel/article/0,31542,2040122,00.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014930/http://reubens.co.za/our-chef-reubens/</ref> Riffel baa la yiri poɔ seemmaaale ne diibu naŋ e yelnimizeɛ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250405102750/https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-reuben-riffel-celebrity-chef</ref> A o ma da maŋ paale la seemmaale yeltare poɔ ka o saa meŋ be die-maale ne di-mɛ yɛlɛ poɔ. O ma da maŋ waane la bondikyɛlɛɛ yi neŋ toma zie, be la ka Riffel milli seeŋ sonne diibu.<ref>http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-11-02-the-truffled-tale-of-reuben-riffels-rise/</ref> Riffel gaa la haae [[sakuuri]] Paarl poɔ. O leɛ teɛre la ka o nɔŋ la toma tommo neŋ o nuuri.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Net</ref> == Toma Sokyɛnɛ == Riffel toŋ la ton-nimizie yimɛ poɔ kyɛ leɛre yi gaa laafeeloŋ toma lambori. Be la ka toŋ forɔ da e seen-de-ko noba Chamonix seen-di-zie. O yi la be gaa leɛ barman kyɛ daare kaŋa ka a Zambɛre taa lammo kaŋa ka ba leɛre o zambɛre ka o te soŋ. O da bare la Chamonix kyɛ gaa ka o ne o saabile tona zisoɔre baa toma. A puori la ka o leɛ nyɛ ka a toma na ba seŋ ne o. 1994, o yuomo 20 poɔ, o da leɛ gaa la Chamonix.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_Riffel#cite_ref-my_story_2-2</ref> Christoph Dehosse nuuri poɔ la ka o zanne bondirii maaloo. Christoph naŋ wa gaa kyɛ ka Richard Carstens wa, Riffel da leɛ la sous chef, a vuo ŋa poɔ o da zanne la zɛvaare ne a taaba mine maaloo a zambɛre poɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_Riffel#cite_ref-chef_reubens_4-1</ref> Daare Richard ba toɔŋ wa toma ka a da e feroo ka o are o gbɛ-bogiri e a Zambɛre neŋkpoŋ. Noba yaga zie da wuli la popeɛloŋ kyaare seemaa ba naŋ di a be. A yi Richard naŋ da ba la Chamonix, Riffel da e la neɛ naŋ daa uri a kpɛ vuo ka ba leɛ a zambɛre nenkpoŋ. == Zambɛre Parɛɛ Soobo == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Yuobu yuoni !Zambɛre/ Bondi-zie !Bezie |- |2004 |Reuben's Zambɛre |[[Franschhoek]] |- |2009 |Reuben's Zambɛre |Robertson Small Hotel in Robertson<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertson,_Western_Cape</ref> |- |2011 - 2019 |Reuben's Zambɛre |One&Only Hotel, [[Victoria & Alfred WaterFront]] |- |2013 |Reuben's Zambɛre |Abalone House, [[Paternoster]] |- |2013 |Racine now Arkeste |Chamonix, [[Franschhoek]] |- |2018 |Reuben's Zambɛre |The Capital Ivy, [[Sandton, Gauteng]] |- |2021 |Let's Frite |Franschhoek and Allee Bleue wine estate, [[Franschhoek, Western Cape]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franschhoek,_Western_Cape</ref> |} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvore == Riffel nyɛ la o pɔge yi saŋa na o naŋ tona Monneaux. Ba taa bibiiri bayi. O kpeɛrɛ la [[Franschhoek]], South Africa. == Sommo Yizie == [[gbuli:dagaare]] [[gbuli: africa]] [[gbuli:mainpage]] [[gbuli: ghana]] [[gbuli:gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[gbuli:dɔɔloŋ]] 2wbesmhr3cdhhb2or4zzvlbx1062zm1 Forty acres and a mule 0 5797 64194 52975 2026-10-19T22:06:03Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 64194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q2299355}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' meng nang e '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''', a wartime da bɔ la proclaimed ko Union general William Tecumseh Sherman a January 16, 1865, yi a American Civil War, ko a allot tensɔga a te yiiri mine, tensɔgere naŋ na baŋ pare 40 acres (16 ha). <ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>Sherman da ta la wagere mine a da vԑŋ a sogyare e yele mine kyaare agrarian reform effort. a A tensɔga da taa la eebo yineŋ yelyelli mine naŋ da kyaare Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton ane Radical Republican abolitionists Charles Sumner neŋ Thaddeus Stevens<ref>[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref> naŋ da waana neŋ saamo mine kyaare a gbaŋgbaalong da taa leԑroo yineŋ a American Civil War. Ba da bɔ la confiscation ko a 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) neŋ tenɔga ang kyaare Atlantic coast of South Carolina, Georgia, ane Florida kyɛ da poŋ parcels naŋ pare 40 acres (16 ha),<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240914041758/https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref> naŋ gaa na baŋ ta 18,000 naŋ nyɔge yirideme naŋ be gbaŋŋbaaloŋ neŋ e nensɔgela naŋ kpeɛrɛ a zie na. Nenzagele mine, naŋ e a politikal noba, ka ba taa la bamenne faŋa ka ba da fere ka ba toŋ toma nang e gbaŋgbaalong kyԑ da boɔrɔ ka ba gu bamenne boma. Nenzagele naŋ da taa tensɔgere nang 40 acres.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062035868</ref> Neŋ a lԑ, Abraham Lincoln's zuleɛre naŋ e perɛsidɛn, Andrew Johnson, a da boɔrɔ ka o da leԑre Sherman's wartime Order No. 15 ane bomboɔre mine naŋ e a ayi Freedmen's Bureau bills. == Sommo Yizie == rg2l6hbcez5f59hnb5knc6hx4mrqplf Umngqusho 0 6058 64198 63929 2026-10-19T23:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 64198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q7881726}} [[Duoro_kɔre:Umngqusho.jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro_kɔre:UMtshato_weNtlanzi_neNkukhu.pdf|thumb]] '''Umngqusho''' e la South African naŋ kyaahe a samp ane sugar beans, ba na maŋ de doge neŋ hard body chicken ba naŋ bʋɔha umleqwa aŋ be isiXhosa. Saakonnoŋ wulheŋ ka a Xhosa staple diibu, o taaha sagedeeho ko South Africa aŋ e a ba staple diibu meŋ. A zeɛre meŋ eɛŋ staple meal ko a South African yieŋ, aŋ e isitambu (stamped corn) ko a Zulu nʋba ane a umngqusho yi Xhosa nʋba. A Xhosa lamboriŋ, maŋ laŋ dineŋ la butter bee fat, yɛlɛ aŋ yi Nelson Mandela's bondi nɔnaa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20260909194005/https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-xhosa-cuisine</ref> == Kaa kyɛ meŋ == {{Portal|Food}} * [[List of African dishes]] * [[List of legume dishes]] == Sommo Yizie == bgnreoj8z58055p3pnlyyf1u6pipsh0 All Nations University 0 6780 64193 63694 2026-10-19T21:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 64193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q258200}} '''All Nations University''' da taa la sommo yi Rev. Dr. Samuel Donkor a [[Ghana]]. O da piilee neŋ karembiiri 37 a October 2002 kyɛ pampana o yɛrɛɛ te gaŋ karembiiri 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History – All Nations University College|url=https://anuc.edu.gh/history/|language=dga-GH|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=All Nations University|date=2021-09-08|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_Nations_University&oldid=1043033915|work=Wikipedia|language=dga|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref> O da paalɛɛ a Univɛniti kolaagyi naŋ be a Ghana a October 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Nations University College|url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes/125-all-nations-university-college|last=NAB|website=National Accreditation Board|language=dga-gh|access-date=2020-05-28|archive-date=2020-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221181053/http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes/125-all-nations-university-college|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Univɛniti da paalɛɛ [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] ne sommo yi SRM Institute of Science ane Technology ([[India]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The President – All Nations University College|url=https://anuc.edu.gh/personnel/6490/|language=dga-GH|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> A May 28, 2020, All Nations da nyɛ la sommo yi a presidential charter yi a President ko Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pentecost, All Nations University receive presidential charters|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Pentecost-All-Nations-University-receive-presidential-charters-964867|date=2020-05-29|website=GhanaWeb|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=President Akufo-Addo Presents Charters To Pentecost University And All Nations University|url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1594-president-akufo-addo-presents-charters-to-pentecost-university-and-all-nations-university|access-date=2020-07-05|website=presidency.gov.gh|language=dga-gh|archive-date=2024-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214104801/https://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1594-president-akufo-addo-presents-charters-to-pentecost-university-and-all-nations-university|url-status=dead}}</ref> A All Nations Univɛniti bezie la [[Koforidua]] naŋ paale a Eastern Region a Ghana. == Zannoo Dɔllɔ == A university wullo la undergraduate zannoo dɔllɔ kyaare Oil ane Gas Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science (Hons.), Electronics, Communications Engineering, Entrepreneurship, Human Resource Management, Finance & Finance, Accounting ane Marketing a Nursing neŋ Biblical Studies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Courses offered At All Nations University|url=https://myhealthbasics.site/courses-offered-at-all-nations-university-2/|access-date=2024-06-08|website=2024/2025|language=dga-GH}}</ref> == Enfuomo == <gallery> Duoro_kɔre:Engineering_School_ANU.jpg|All Nations University (ANU) School of Engineering at All Nations University, Koforidua Site. Duoro_kɔre:All_Nations_University_Corridor.jpg|Infinite Corridor in the All Nations University (ANU). </gallery> == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * [[List of universities in Ghana]] =Sommo Yizie= [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Sakuuri]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260308201337/https://anu.edu.gh/ Official website] qbbb0tqdij0yfoa3ry4w1tl5rnx3j5v Maple syrup 0 7380 64196 64133 2026-10-19T22:56:38Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 64196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q402563}} Maple syrup e la koɔ banaŋ maŋ maale yi neŋ a sap maple teɛ eŋɛ. A teere ama maŋ taa la maaroŋ, a teere ama maŋ taa la suni a pɛge a ne a nyegɛ poɔ sɛre ka a zie baŋ waa maaroŋ bee ɔɔre baŋ le, a suni ama la ka ba maŋ nyɔge a leɛre ka a leɛ bee a maale  ka a leɛ sikyiri naŋ maŋ e a sap a saŋa ka ɔɔre da maŋ lere. Maple teere eŋɛ ka banaŋ na iri sap a teɛ eŋɛ, ba maŋ ŋmaa la voɔre bee bogi a eŋ a teɛ seɛ eŋɛ ka koɔ noɔ ama banaŋ boɔlɔ a sap ka toɔ yi a kyiri eŋ bone poɔ, a ŋaaa puoriŋ ba maŋ doge la ka a kpa ka a koɔ zaa yi kyɛ kyɛre a syrup noɔ na yoŋ. A maple syrup ama maaloo danweɛ soba e la a  Northeastern North America paaloŋ deme bee noba. A yeŋa eebo la bone ba naŋ zanne yi ne a European noba banaŋ wa zeŋe a paaloŋ naŋ poɔ, a nyɔge a maaloo a leɛre feeŋfeeŋ a leɛre o zaa baare. Ziyuo yeltarre a 1970s poɔ meŋ da la maaleŋ nyɔge la a syrup koɔ ama meŋ la maale maaloo kaŋa bale. A kyɛre la feeŋ bee a syrup gyamaa zaa yie maaloo yi la a Canada ane a United State paaaloŋ poɔ, kyɛ ka Quebec yoŋ taa ta ŋa 72% a tendaazaa poɔ. Maple syrup (koɔ) maŋ maale la a yi lɛ a waaloŋ naŋ waa ane lɛ anaŋ noma bee a e tuo seŋ. Boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka Socrose e la boŋkaŋa noba naŋ baŋ ka ona la taa sikyiri<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111201232833/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/ch13e.shtml "Chapter 13 – Labelling of Maple Products"]. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Archived from [http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/ch13e.shtml the original] on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.</ref> noɔ a zuo a maple syrup. A Canada syrup eŋ feroo la ka a maale yi a maple sap teɛ eŋɛ sɛre ka neɛ naŋ baŋ boɔle a ka maple syrup, kyɛ a lɛ meŋ yoŋ gba naane, kyɛ see la ka maple syrup ama taa sikyiri o poɔ a ta ŋa 66%. Gbɛɛ yaga maple syrup la ka ba maŋ de a maale ne  pancakes, waffles, French toast, oatmeal bee kookoo (porridge). A meŋ naŋ e la boma naŋ maŋ poɔ ka ba de a seɛrɛ ne bonnoore.<ref>Brown, Amy Christine (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ppMzyDFyHUwC&pg=PA441 ''Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation''.] Cengage Learning. p.&#x20;441. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-538-73498-1</bdi>.</ref> == A Yiibu Zie == [[Duoro kɔre:Acer saccharum.jpg|thumb]] Maple (Acer) teere parɛɛ ata yoŋ la bebe, a teere ama parɛɛ la sikyiri maple ( onaŋ ka nansaala maŋ boɔle ka ''saccharum''),<ref>Grandtner, Miroslav M. (2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yjc5ZYWtkNAC&pg=PA20 Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees]''. Vol.&#x20;1: North America. Elsevier Science. pp.&#x20;20–24. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780080460185</bdi>.</ref><ref>[https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ACSA3 "Acer saccharum Marshall – sugar maple"]. ''Plants Database''. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 September 2022.</ref> ka a kaŋa meŋ la maple sɔgelaa ( A. nigrum),<ref>[https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ACNI5 "Acer nigrum Michx. f. – black maple"]. ''Plants Database''. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 September 2022.</ref> ane maple zeɛ (red) (A. rubrum),<ref>[https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ACRU "Acer rubrum L. – red maple"]. ''Plants Database''. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 September 2022.</ref> bonso a sap la maŋ taa sikyiri gyamaa a poɔ, a sikyiri naŋ be a poɔ maŋ baŋ ta la, boŋkaŋ a nansaala na maŋ boɔle ka percent, a ta ŋa ayi a te ta ŋa anuu.<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref> A maple sɔgelaa meŋ maŋ la taa la bontɛɛtɛɛ mine o poɔŋ, a e boma naŋ na baŋ are a yoŋ ka ba boɔlɔ ka A. ''saccharum'', a sikyiri ama yuori kaŋa la lɛ.<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=314801 "''Acer saccharum'' subsp. ''nigrum''"]. ''Germplasm Resources Information Network''. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 December 2011.</ref> kyɛ ka maple zeɛ eŋ ona maŋ taa la wagere ŋmaa lɛ, bonso ŋa eŋ maŋ tɛ la wieŋ a gaŋ a sikyiri ane a maple sɔgelɔ anaŋ, anaŋ maŋ korɔ a sap a nyuu soŋ na.<ref>Randall, Jesse A (February 2010). [https://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/publications/PDF_files/F-337.pdf "Maple syrup production"] (PDF). Iowa State University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170829010945/https://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/publications/PDF_files/F-337.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2016.</ref> A maple mine meŋ bebe ka wagere mine poɔ ka ba maŋ de a yi ne a sap koŋ na poɔ a maale ne maple syrup aseŋ;  box elder or Manitoba maple (''Acer negundo'')<ref>[https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ACNE2 "Acer negundo L. – boxelder"]. ''Plants Database''. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 September 2022.</ref> ane silver maple (''A. saccharinum'')<ref>[https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ACSA2 "Acer saccharinum L. – silver maple"]. ''Plants Database''. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 18 September 2022.</ref> a paa pale ne bigleaf maple (''A. macrophyllum'').<ref>Ruth, Robert H; Underwood, J Clyde; Smith, Clark E; Yang, Hoya Y (1972). [http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/rn181.pdf "Maple sirup production from bigleaf maple"] (PDF). ''PNW-181''. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: 12. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060614073802/http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/rn181.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2006.</ref>  A Southeastern United State  paaloŋ poɔ, a Florida sikyiri maple (acer floridanum) ama la ka ba maŋ kyaara a derɛ a maala ne maple syrup.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20221219071446/https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/acer/barbatum.htm ''Acer barbatum'' Michx., Florida maple"]. US Department of Agriculture. 1981. Retrieved 15 May 2020.</ref> Syrup  mine meŋ na baŋ bebe ka ba maŋ de walnut, birch, bee abɛ teɛ eŋɛ ane a mine kaŋa.<ref>Leung, Wency (7 June 2011). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/trends/trends-features/why-settle-for-maple-when-you-could-have-birch-syrup/article2050424/ "Why settle for maple when you could have birch syrup?"]. ''The Globe and Mail''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111110050/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/trends/trends-features/why-settle-for-maple-when-you-could-have-birch-syrup/article2050424/ Archived] from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2011.</ref><ref>[[iarchive:utilizationoftro0000unse/page/5|Utilization of tropical foods: trees : compendium on technological and nutritional aspects of processing and utilization of tropical foods, both animal and plant, for purposes of training and field reference.]] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1989. p. 5. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102776-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190815174019/http://smallfarms.cornell.edu/2016/01/11/tapping-walnut-trees/ "Tapping Walnut Trees for a Novel and Delicious Syrup"]. Cornell University. 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2022.</ref> == Saadayel == === Noba banaŋ daŋ bebe sɛre ka nempeɛle mine a wa baŋ di naaloŋ ba zu === [[Duoro kɔre:Sugar-Making Among the Indians in the North.gif|left|thumb]] A noba bama la noba naŋ daŋ bebe a northeastern naŋ be a North America  paaloŋ poɔ, banaŋ la a laŋgbuli  danweɛ soba ba naŋ baŋ ka ba piili maala maple syrup ane maple sikyiri koɔ ama. Saadaye noɔre mannoo kaŋa wuli ka maple teɛ, sap da e la boma bnaŋ de maaala ne sap kaŋ a kɔɔre sɛre ka ka European noba baŋ wa a irigiŋ<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525093903/http://www.mi-maplesyrup.com/about/history.htm History]". Michigan Maple Syrup Association. Archived from [http://www.mi-maplesyrup.com/about/history.htm the original] on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2010.</ref> poɔ. Goligoloo sɛge binnaa zaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka ba da maala la maple syrup bee baa a wulo saŋa ba naŋ da piili<ref>Koelling, Melvin R; Laing, Fred; Taylor, Fred (1996). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20060701150215/http://ohioline.osu.edu/b856/index.html Chapter 2: History of Maple Syrup and Sugar Production"]. In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University (OSU).</ref> dire maple syrup, a saŋa na a bone kaŋa anaŋa da are leɛɛre la koɔ, a da maŋ baŋ are leɛre la koɔ zu ka ba de maale ne bondirii a ko naa bee a ko namine. A dasaŋa na banaŋ naŋ da maala syrup maaalemaaleba da maŋ di la tigiri kaŋa banaŋ boɔlɔ ka Sugar Moon ( a saŋa a kyuu gbuli zaa danweɛ soba na maŋ wa daa yi ka neɛzaa nyɛ o) ka fo nyɛ ka neɛzaa zaa a seɛrɛ maple seɛre.<ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref> A wagere ŋa poɔ, saaŋkompare yipɔge<ref>Chenevert, Brian (3 March 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230308031917/https://abenakitribe.org/maple-syrup Maple sugaring among the Abenaki and Wabanki peoples] (Report). Archived from the original on 8 March 2023.</ref> bondirii gyamaa maŋ are leɛre la a European saaŋkompare bondirii anaŋ banaŋ ba ennɛ nyɛnnoo a maaloo poɔ ane maple koɔ.<ref>Diemer-Eaton, Jessica (2014). "Hot-Stone Boiling Maple Sap to Syrup: Theory, Basis, & Public Demonstrations". Woodland Indian Educational Programs. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</ref> === Colonists === [[Duoro kɔre:Sugar Making in Canada, 1852. By Cornelius Krieghoff (1815-1872).jpg|thumb]] A dasaŋa a European naŋ te di naaloŋ a North America, poɔ, noba meŋa naŋ yi a paaloŋ na poɔ da wuli la ka ba sereŋ wa la ka ba wa di naaloŋ ba zu a saŋa bee a wagere na poɔ banaŋ da derɛ a maple a na maale ne sap.<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref> Andre Thevet naŋ e a “ a Royal Cosmographer naŋ be a France paaloŋ poɔ” sɛge la a kyaare ne a Jacques Cartier , naŋ maŋ nyuuro maple sap koɔ a saŋa na ona gaa a Canadian voyages<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref> paaloŋ poɔ. A waana a yuomo 1680 poɔ, a European noba banaŋ naŋ wa zeŋ ane a noba banaŋ naŋ e a boŋkoɔreba meŋ da poɔ la a maple maaloo ŋa poɔ.<ref>Quoted in </ref> Ba naŋ da naa bare kyɛ seɛrɛ a zukuri, a European de la a maaloo sobiri ŋa a maŋ tu bee a puo vɔɛ a eŋ a bone ennaa eŋɛ . a 19<sup>th</sup> yuomo naŋ pare poɔ, maple sap maalooo da e la boma banaŋ maŋ de a sikyiri, a pale a koɔ ne a crystallized-solid zaa ayi, kyɛ a ŋaa zaa poɔ, a sikyiri daa ama da maŋ yi la West Indies paaloŋ a wa.<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref> A dogebo poɔ, a maŋ de la wagere<ref>Heiligmann, Randall B; et&#x20;al. (1996). "Chapter 6: Maple Sap Production". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University.</ref> gyamaa sɛre ka baŋ toɔ doge a ka kpa bɛ. ka banaŋ wa e baare, a sap ama la ka ba maŋ de a gaa ne a zie na banaŋ maŋ di a tigiri ŋa, a be la ka ba maŋ te pore eŋ Vessels yɛloŋ kaŋa poɔ (gbɛɛ yaga kuri la ka ba maŋ de maale ne a bone yɛloŋ ŋa) kyɛ paaŋ doge ka a kpa ka a bonzaa ba naŋ boɔrɔ a toɔ yi.<ref>Heiligmann, Randall B; Winch, Fred E (1996). "Chapter 3: The Maple Resource". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University.</ref> Ka anaŋ wa bɛ baare, a boŋkpoŋ na poɔ wiri bee bontaŋa la maŋ tage bee de a boma gaa ne a zie ba naŋ maŋ maale a a ka a leɛ sikyiri gbuli (sugar shack).<ref>Heiligmann, Randall B; Staats, Lewis (1996). "Chapter 7: Maple Syrup Production". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University.</ref> === A 1850 yuomo na poɔ, === [[Duoro kɔre:Maple sugaring bucket (5571412972).jpg|thumb]] A saŋa na poɔ a  American Civil War ( a yi a 1861 yoni poɔ te ta a1865 yuoni poɔ) maple koɔ maaleba da maŋ de la kuridapɛmpɛlɛ daleseɛ la ka ba da nyɛ ka anaŋ la soma ne bogyaga dogebo, a zuo a nansaala bommaala na banaŋ boɔlɔ ka  iron kettles, bonso o taa la vo kpoŋ ka a uuruŋ maŋ toɔnɔ yire a saŋa na anaŋ maŋ doɔle. A wagere ŋa poɔ, sikyiri daa da are leɛre la a maple sikyiri eŋɛ bonso a noɔ da de la a US paaloŋ poɔ; azuiŋ syrup maaleba da moɔ la nimiri a eŋ a maaloo poɔ. A uuruŋ bone ŋa la a danweɛŋ soba na maŋ tole kyɛ naŋ vɛŋ ka a toɔ vɛŋ ka a sap a kpa yi uuruŋ, a yelŋa piilu e la a 1858 yuomo na poɔ. A 1872 yuini poɔ, ba da maale la boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka “ evaporator”  a bone ŋa e la kuripɛmpɛle banaŋ de a maale ne danseɛŋ banaŋ maŋ toɔ de doɔle vuu zu. A yi a 1900 yuomo anaŋ poɔ, maalemaaleba de la a kuri pɛmpɛlɛ ŋa a maale ne selebare parɛɛ gyamaa a boma ama maŋ vɛŋ la ka a boma tole bee a baŋ kpa wieŋ ka a ba kɔɔre a vuu zu. A maalemaaleba bamine meŋ gba maŋ de la boŋkaŋa a nansaala na maŋ boɔle ka baaroo pan a de poŋi ne a uurŋ anaŋ naŋ maŋ yiri ka banaŋ wa doge baare. A ba kɔɔre kyɛ ka buokyiri a wa leɛre ɔrebare woore ama zu, ama eŋ maŋ ko la noba a vuo ka ba baŋ toɔ are zitoɔre kyɛ nyɛ lɛ sap deebo a yi a teere enne. Syrup koɔ maaaloo meŋ piili la a saŋa banaŋ wa piili derɛ koɔbo lɔɛ a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka “traɔtoɔ” gaa dada ne sap teere gyamaa a weɛ poɔ ( ka a sikyiri toɔ uuruŋ ŋa toɔ a yi ). A syrup maalenaaleba mine maŋ de la a nansaala bommaala kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka motor-power ane kuri woore mine a te mare a teere eŋɛ ka kyɔ a koɔ yi a teɛ eŋɛ a eŋ a ɔreba doge na banaŋ biŋ a teɛ puliŋ, kyɛ a ŋaa eebo da ba e bone naŋ pore bee ka gyamaa a baŋ a meŋ maŋ toɔ de a toŋ ne toma. A vuu mare e la ka gyamaa da baŋ; ziyuo maalemaaleba maŋ de la daare, kaaŋ, ŋmene baroo saseɛ kaŋa, propane bee a doge ka a uuruŋ na toɔ a yi a sap poɔ. Kyɛ a ziyuo syrup iribu ŋa la soma bonso baalombie ba maŋ nyɛ vuo a kpɛ a syrup poɔ.<ref>Koelling, Melvin R; et&#x20;al. (1996). "Chapter 8: Syrup Filtration, Grading, Packing, and Handling". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University.</ref> [[Duoro kɔre:Sap plastic tubing.jpg|left|thumb]] A 1970ɔ yuoni poɔ, ziyuo boma ane bommaale ama da wa de la a ziezaa a kyaare ne a syrup maaloo. ɔreba woore ama e la boma noba naŋ daŋ piili a pare bammo ka a kɔɔre, ka ba nyɛ ka a ana taa la sommo a ko a sap iribu a yi a teere eŋɛ a kyɛ gaa yiri<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref> poɔ daadaalɛ bee. A wa ta la soga ka ba la wane boŋkaŋa nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka Vacuum pumps, a meŋ leɛ wa eŋ poɔ a ɔreba woore ama poɔ, kyɛ ka ba leɛ gaa puori a te de lɛ banaŋ da mare vuu eŋ ka uuruŋ a yi ka a ta bɔre. A maalemaaleba da maale la mɔnsinne kaŋa a nansaala na maŋ boɔle ka reverse-osmosis, ka onaŋŋ so ka o maŋ iri koɔ mine bara ka a sap wa te kpara zuo a dogebo poɔ. Yelpaala wa la a yi a ɔrebare ane a vacuum pumps, syrup irirbu ziyuo, ane dogere ana banaŋ maŋ iri syrup iribu poɔ a eŋ a yi a sap teere eŋɛ. Peɛroo naŋ bebe a gɛrɛ a kyaare ne lɛ banaŋ na e a toɔ kare bee a dige bombiiri a yi sap teere eŋɛ ane lɛ banŋ na e a toɔ kaa maŋ kaa a zu soŋ ka a yi tɔnɔ.<ref>Perkins, Timothy D (October 2009). "Development and testing of the check-valve spout adapter" (PDF). ''Maple Digest''. '''21A''': 21–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> A 2009 yuoni poɔ, peɛpeɛrebɛ mine naŋ be a University of Vermont poɔ da yi ne la yelpaala kaŋa a kyaare lɛ neɛ naŋ na baŋ iri syrup koɔ a yi sap teɛ eŋɛ kyɛ ka a koɔ ba kyiri waare a teɛ, a ŋaa na soŋ la ka kare bee a dige baalombie ane bombiiri zaa yi a vɔɛ na banaŋ maŋ po eŋ a teere eŋɛ. A ba peɛroo yeli bee wuli ka, eka gbuli yeni zaa poɔ, a seŋ ka sap teere naŋ e bɛrɛ a ta taabo kaŋa sɛre ka ba toɔ iri syrup koɔ ka lɛ naane a bombiiri bee a baalombie maŋ toɔ la a teere. A ba peɛroo yelwulaa kaŋa la ka eka gbuli yenaa zaa poɔ maŋ seŋ ka ba sɛle a sap teere seŋ lɛ bonso a wagere na poɔ a na maŋ wa e bɛrɛ saseɛ ba maŋkyebe azuiŋ baalombie maŋ nyɔge a la wieŋ zaa.. ka a yele ama zaa wa toɔnɔ erɛ soŋ, sap maaloo a toloŋ saŋa na baŋ do la saa northeastern North America paaloŋ poɔ.<ref>Sorkin, Laura (20 January 2014). "Maple Syrup Revolution: A New Discovery Could Change the Business Forever". ''Modern Farmer''. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.</ref><ref>Reid, Simon; Driller, Tenaya; Watson, Matthew (2020). "A two-dimensional heat transfer model for predicting freeze-thaw events in sugar maple trees". ''Agricultural and Forest Meteorology''. '''294''' 108139. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108139. hdl:10092/101100.</ref> == A Maaloo == [[Duoro kɔre:Maple syrup production.svg|thumb]] Maple koɔ maaloo piilu bezie e la northeastern North Ameriɔa paaloŋ poɔ, a be la ka a ziie maaroŋ maŋ a soma ne a maple syrup maaloo. Kyɛ le ba wuli ka a koŋ toɔ maale ziezaa, ana ba maale la ziezaa a maple teere naŋ na baŋ baa a be, aseŋ, New Zealand paaloŋ poɔ a be la ka eŋ faŋa ka ba toɔ e a ka e yɛroŋ ka toɔnɔ nyɛrɛ feeŋfeeŋ a yire ne poɔ.<ref>Driller, Tenaya; Gandela, Danielle; Watson, Matthew (2018). ''Feasibility of producing maple syrup in New Zealand''. Chemeca 2018. p.&#x20;34.</ref> Maple syrup maaloo piili ne la banaŋ maŋ derɛ a yiree ne “ sugarbush”<ref>Koelling, Melvin R; Staats, Lewis (1996). "Appendix 1: Maple Production and Processing Facilities". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University.</ref> poɔ. Teɛ kaŋzaa na baŋ koɔ iribu maŋ piili la ka a te balaa na wa ta yuomo lezare ne pie te ta ŋa yuomo lezaa ayi kyɛ gɛrɛ. A teere ama kaŋa zaa maŋ soŋ la ta boŋyeni te ta ŋa ata na, a paaŋ yi la lɛ a teɛ wogiloŋ naŋ seŋ bee a ta bee a teɛ yɛloŋ bee kpoŋ naŋ seŋ. Maple teɛ naŋ seŋ ka o toɔ iri koɔ maŋ baŋ iri la a ta ŋa 35 te ta ŋa 50 litres a bɔrefɔ naŋ maŋ yeli (9.2 te ta ŋa 13.2 US gal) bebiri<ref>Ciesla, William M (2002). ''Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi>.</ref> zaa. Ka fooŋ kaa soŋ a maŋ ta ŋa 7%  a sap naŋ maŋ iri bebiri zaa. A koɔ ama iribu gbɛɛ yaga maŋ e la a ɔɔre saŋ wagere na poɔ, a ɔɔre wagere ama maŋ baŋ de la ta dare anii kyɛ baŋ baare, ane a zaa ka a maŋ yi la a bebiri na ɔɔre naŋ piili ane zie banaŋ iri a boma, bee paaloŋ na poɔ a teere naŋ be ka ba iri a syrup (koɔ).<ref>"Step-by-Step in the Production of Maple Syrup". Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</ref><ref>Koelling, Melvin R; Davenport, Russell (1996). "Chapter 1: Introduction". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual''. Ohio State University.</ref> A ŋmenaa saŋa, a noɔ zaa maŋ zo sigi be la a nyege poɔ, a toɔ ko a toɔ ko ɔɔre vuo ka sikyiri noɔ naŋ be a teɛ poɔ a do saa. <ref>Werner, Leo H (7 February 2006). "Maple Sugar Industry". ''Canadian Encyclopedia''. Historica-Dominion Institute. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014.</ref>Voɔre maŋ puo la te tɔ a  teɛ biri, a ŋaa la maŋ soŋ ka a sap toɔ kyiri  bee a yi a voɔre na poɔ a eŋ a bone banaŋ tɔgele.boma banaŋ de tɔgele ne maŋ gaŋ la a weɛ poɔ be ka zie la te yi pɔge a., kyɛ a koɔ ama maŋ yiri la saŋa bee a wagere na poɔ ɔɔre naŋ maŋ erɛ, ka a zie maaŋ gyamaa. Maple teere, neɛ naŋ baŋ iri la sap bee syrup koɔ a poɔ te ta ŋa yuomo kɔɔ bee a gba pare zuo lɛ. A zie leɛroo meŋ maŋ taa la wonnaa kaŋa a kyaare ne a maple syrup ŋa iribu.<ref>Milideo, Lauren (13 February 2024). "How Climate Change is Impacting the Maple Syrup Industry". ''UVM Today''.</ref><ref>Goldstein, Bennet; Miller, Brittney (15 April 2024). "Midwest maple syrup producers adapt to uncertainty as climate changes". PBS Wisconsin.</ref><ref>Dario, Kate (13 March 2024). "Maple Month in a warm winter: How climate change is reshaping NH's syrup season". NHPR.</ref> A yuoni na poɔ ka ɔɔre saŋa wa sɛre wa niŋe a ŋaa wuli ka a yuoni na maple syrup iribu na tage wa niŋe, ka anaŋ wa e a ŋaa meŋ, a sikyiri bee a noɔ naŋ maŋ be a sap poɔ meŋ maŋ la sigi la puliŋ, ka saa kpoŋ meŋ wa waana a yuoni na poɔ a lɛ meŋ maŋ soŋ la ka a teere baa wieŋ.<ref>Barrett, Rick (1 April 2025). "Maple sugaring is a Wisconsin tradition, but could climate change put it at risk?". ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel''.</ref> == Maaloo Sobie == [[Duoro kɔre:Maple sap collecting at Bowdoin Park, New York.JPG|left|thumb]] Gbɛɛ yaga bee wagere zaa sap maŋ maale eŋ la “sugar shack ( sikyiri woore poɔ) “, ana la ka neɛ zaa a paaloŋ na poɔ baaŋ ka ba boɔlɔ ka “sugarhouse”, “sugar cabin” , “sugar shanty”, bee cabane.<ref>Heiligmann, Randall B., ed. (2006). ''North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual'' (PDF) (2nd&#x20;ed.). Ohio State University.</ref><ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref><ref>Elliot, Robert (22 February 2022). "Sweetest Maple Sugar Shack Experiences in Ontario". Culinary Tourism Alliance. Retrieved 19 September 2022.</ref> A maaloo sobiri ona banaŋ maŋ you a noɔre ka a uuruŋ toɔ yiri e la sobiri kaŋa banaŋ piili a tuuro a yi a saŋa na a nempeɛle naŋ da wa di naaloŋ ba zu, kyɛ naŋ wa tɔ zenɛ a sobiri ŋa naŋ bebe a ba taa leɛroo. Maple syrup (koɔ ) maaloo  la, ba maŋ doge la a sap ka a kpa te ta ŋa 20 te ta ŋa 50 volume nansaala naŋ maŋ yeli, (a ŋaa paa yi la lɛ a vuu bee a kpaabo naŋ do seŋ) ka anaŋ wa be vuu yuobaraa zu, sɛre ka a wa te nyɛ ŋa 1 volume sɛre , gbɛɛ yaga a toloŋ seŋ ka a ta ŋa 4.1% (7.4 F) ka anaŋ wa te kpara la lɛ. kyɛ a koɔ kpaabo maŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛ boso ana baŋ yi la lɛ a saseɛ naŋ daara seŋ, a koɔ naŋ seŋ ka neɛ baŋ de a toɔ baŋ zie a syrup ŋa naŋ toɔ maale la koɔ meŋa naŋ koɔ soŋ serɛ zaa, bonso a koɔ ama ŋa wa kpaara a daŋaa zu, a dare na bee a bebiri na poɔ lɛ la ka a uuruŋ bee a toloŋ na do seŋ kyɛ gu ka a bebiri<ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref> na zaa te baare. Syrup koɔ na baŋ doge la dayeni yoŋ bee ka ba baŋ doge a ŋmaara ŋmaara lɛ, a yi zie na banaŋ na baŋ kaa a toloŋ lamboriŋ.<ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref> Gbɛɛ yaga ka banaŋ wa dogerɔ a zaa ba maŋ eŋ la Defoamers a poɔ.<ref>van den Berg, Abby; Perkins, Timothy (February 2020). "Identifying an Effective Defoamer for Certified Organic Maple Production". ''Maple Syrup Digest'': 8.</ref> A syrup dogebo ŋa taa la sobie gyamaa yaga banaŋ maŋ tu, a sobiri kaŋa la lɛ banaŋ boɔrɔ ka a sikyiri do seŋ. Ka ssyrup wa doole a daŋaa bee a vuu zu kɔɔ, a maŋ leɛ la wa la waraa kaŋa, kyɛ ka anaŋ meŋ ba doge soŋ bee a ba doge kɔɔre a daŋaa bee a vuu zu a syrup meŋ maŋ e la koɔ yoŋ, azuiŋ a koŋ baŋ biŋ kɔɔre kyɛ ka a zaa a saaŋ. Ka anaŋ wa doge baare a toloŋ maŋ do ŋa 66% ka fooŋ de Brix scale  ( a hydrometric scale ( a bommanaa a dcgele o zu).<ref>Elliot, Elaine (2006). ''Maple Syrup: Recipes from Canada's Best Chefs''. Formac Publishing Company. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-88780-697-1</bdi>.</ref> A ŋaa puoriŋ ba paaŋ maŋ kyoɔre la a iri asikyiri zɔŋ na bare, wagere ŋa poɔ ba paaŋ maŋ de la sikyiri ane calcium malate<ref>Ball, David (10 October 2007). "The Chemical Composition of Maple Syrup". ''Journal of Chemical Education''. '''84''' (10): 1647–1650. doi:10.1021/ed084p1647.</ref> a nansaala na maŋ boɔle a puli neŋ. A calcium ama ba e bonfaa, kyj a maq soq la a vɛŋ ka toɔnɔ a kyoɔre soŋ.<ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref> [[Duoro kɔre:MapleSyrupDrop.ogv|thumb]] A yi be meŋ, a onaŋ banaŋ maŋ yuo a noore bare sobiri na la ka gyamaa naŋ maala syrup a maŋ noŋ ka ba tuuro, bonso anaŋ maŋ soŋ la gyamaa ka ba toɔ a wɛle a koɔ ne a sikyiri naŋ be a sap<ref>Thomas, Margaret G.; Schumann, David R. (1993). ''Income Opportunities in Special Forest Products: Self-help Suggestions for Rural Entrepreneurs''. USDA Forest Products Laboratory. p.&#x20;181. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-7881-1236-2</bdi>.</ref> poɔ wieŋ a gaŋ a maaloo sobie anaŋ na zaa. Banaŋ naŋ maŋ maala feeŋfeeŋ lɛ meŋ na baŋ de la anaŋ meŋ na ba maŋ pagera wieŋ kyɛ a yelfaa la a sikyiri noɔ naŋ maŋ be a poɔ, 25% maŋ bore la a poɔ a yi bonso a dogebo zie.<ref>Weaver, Nicholas J.; Wilkin, Geoffrey S.; Morison, Ken R.; Watson, Matthew J. (1 May 2020). "Minimizing the energy requirements for the production of maple syrup". ''Journal of Food Engineering''. '''273''' 109823. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109823.</ref> A lɛ a sikyiri noɔ naŋ e gyamaa seŋ a sap poɔ, a lɛ meŋ ka a volume a sap ppoɔ meŋ na boɔrɔ ka a do seŋ a syrup poɔ. Sɛre ka fo na boɔrɔ ka fo nyɛ 1 unit syrup, a sap<ref>Wagner, John E. (2012). ''Forestry Economics: A Managerial Approach''. Routledge. p.&#x20;74. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780415774406</bdi>.</ref> seŋ ka a do seŋ ŋa 1.5, ka anaŋ wa e a ŋaa baare a seŋ ka a sikiri meŋ a poɔ na boɔrɔ la ka a ta ŋa 57 unit kyɛ ka a sap a poɔ a ta ŋa 3.5 % sikyiri a meŋ boɔrɔ 25 unit a poɔ.<ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref> A sikyiri noɔ a sap poɔ seŋ ka a do yaga.<ref>Eagleson, Janet; Hasner, Rosemary (2006). ''The Maple Syrup Book''. The Boston Mills Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-55046-411-5</bdi>.</ref> === Off-flavours === Off-flavour maŋ yi la a saŋa na banaŋ maŋ wa maala maple syrup koɔ, a maŋ yi la boma banaŋ maŋ dogele ka wa te kpara na poɔ la ka a off-flavour ŋa maŋ yi (aseŋ,  disinfectants), microorganisms, fermentation byproducts, metallic<ref>Hopkins, Kathy (2016). "Maple Syrup Quality Control Manual". Cooperative Extension Publications, University of Maine. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.</ref><ref>Camara, M; Cournoyer, M; Sadiki, M; Martin, N (2019). "Characterization and Removal of Buddy Off‐Flavor in Maple Syrup". ''Journal of Food Science''. '''84''' (6): 1538–1546. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14618. PMID&#x20;31120572.</ref><ref>van den Berg, Abby K; Perkins, Timothy D; Isselhardt, Mark L; Godshall, Mary An; Lloyd, Steven W (October 2009). "Metabolism Off-Flavor in Maple Syrup". ''Maple Digest''. '''21A''': 11–18.</ref> == Commerce == [[Duoro kɔre:Maple syrup production 2018, Canada and provinces.jpg|thumb]] A maple syrup ama maaloo danweɛ soba e la a  Northeastern North America paaloŋ deme bee noba. A yeŋa eebo la bone ba naŋ zanne yi ne a European noba banaŋ wa zeŋe a paaloŋ naŋ poɔ, a nyɔge a maaloo a leɛre feeŋfeeŋ a leɛre o zaa baare. Ziyuo yeltarre a 1970s poɔ meŋ da la maaleŋ nyɔge la a syrup koɔ ama meŋ la maale maaloo kaŋa bale. A kyɛre la feeŋ bee a syrup gyamaa zaa yie maaloo yi la a Canada ane a United State paaaloŋ poɔ, kyɛ ka Quebec yoŋ taa ta ŋa 72% a tendaazaa poɔ. <references /> Maple syrup (koɔ) maŋ maale la a yi lɛ a waaloŋ naŋ waa ane lɛ anaŋ noma bee a e tuo seŋ. Boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka Socrose e la boŋkaŋa noba naŋ baŋ ka ona la taa sikyiri noɔ a zuo a maple syrup. A Canada syrup eŋ feroo la ka a maale yi a maple sap teɛ eŋɛ sɛre ka neɛ naŋ baŋ boɔle a ka maple syrup, kyɛ a lɛ meŋ yoŋ gba naane, kyɛ see la ka maple syrup ama taa sikyiri o poɔ a ta ŋa 66%. A 1970ɔ yuoni poɔ, ziyuo boma ane bommaale ama da wa de la a ziezaa a kyaare ne a syrup maaloo. ɔreba woore ama e la boma noba naŋ daŋ piili a pare bammo ka a kɔɔre, ka ba nyɛ ka a ana taa la sommo a ko a sap iribu a yi a teere eŋɛ a kyɛ gaa yiri poɔ daadaalɛ bee. A wa ta la soga ka ba la wane boŋkaŋa nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka Vacuum pumps, a meŋ leɛ wa eŋ poɔ a ɔreba woore ama poɔ, kyɛ ka ba leɛ gaa puori a te de lɛ banaŋ da mare vuu eŋ ka uuruŋ a yi ka a ta bɔre. A maalemaaleba da maale la mɔnsinne kaŋa a nansaala na maŋ boɔle ka reverse-osmosis, ka onaŋŋ so ka o maŋ iri koɔ mine bara ka a sap wa te kpara zuo a dogebo poɔ. [[Duoro kɔre:Acer 135-1.jpg|thumb]] Yelpaala wa la a yi a ɔrebare ane a vacuum pumps, syrup irirbu ziyuo, ane dogere ana banaŋ maŋ iri syrup iribu poɔ a eŋ a yi a sap teere eŋɛ. Peɛroo naŋ bebe a gɛrɛ a kyaare ne lɛ banaŋ na e a toɔ kare bee a dige bombiiri a yi sap teere eŋɛ ane lɛ banŋ na e a toɔ kaa maŋ kaa a zu soŋ ka a yi tɔnɔ. A 2009 yuoni poɔ, peɛpeɛrebɛ mine naŋ be a University of Vermont poɔ da yi ne la yelpaala kaŋa a kyaare lɛ neɛ naŋ na baŋ iri syrup koɔ a yi sap teɛ eŋɛ kyɛ ka a koɔ ba kyiri waare a teɛ, a ŋaa na soŋ la ka kare bee a dige baalombie ane bombiiri zaa yi a vɔɛ na banaŋ maŋ po eŋ a teere eŋɛ. A ba peɛroo yeli bee wuli ka, eka gbuli yeni zaa poɔ, a seŋ ka sap teere naŋ e bɛrɛ a ta taabo kaŋa sɛre ka ba toɔ iri syrup koɔ ka lɛ naane a bombiiri bee a baalombie maŋ toɔ la a teere. A noba bama la noba naŋ daŋ bebe a northeastern naŋ be a North America  paaloŋ poɔ, banaŋ la a laŋgbuli  danweɛ soba ba naŋ baŋ ka ba piili maala maple syrup ane maple sikyiri koɔ ama. Saadaye noɔre mannoo kaŋa wuli ka maple teɛ, sap da e la boma bnaŋ de maaala ne sap kaŋ a kɔɔre sɛre ka ka European noba baŋ wa a irigiŋ poɔ. Goligoloo sɛge binnaa zaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka ba da maala la maple syrup bee baa a wulo saŋa ba naŋ da piili dire maple syrup, a saŋa na a bone kaŋa anaŋa da are leɛɛre la koɔ, a da maŋ baŋ are leɛre la koɔ zu ka ba de maale ne bondirii a ko naa bee a ko namine. A dasaŋa na banaŋ naŋ da maala syrup maaalemaaleba da maŋ di la tigiri kaŋa banaŋ boɔlɔ ka Sugar Moon ( a saŋa a kyuu gbuli zaa danweɛ soba na maŋ wa daa yi ka neɛzaa nyɛ o) ka fo nyɛ ka neɛzaa zaa a seɛrɛ maple seɛre. [[Duoro kɔre:Syrup grades large.JPG|thumb]] A 1872 yuini poɔ, ba da maale la boŋkaŋa a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka “ evaporator”  a bone ŋa e la kuripɛmpɛle banaŋ de a maale ne danseɛŋ banaŋ maŋ toɔ de doɔle vuu zu. A yi a 1900 yuomo anaŋ poɔ, maalemaaleba de la a kuri pɛmpɛlɛ ŋa a maale ne selebare parɛɛ gyamaa a boma ama maŋ vɛŋ la ka a boma tole bee a baŋ kpa wieŋ ka a ba kɔɔre a vuu zu. A maalemaaleba bamine meŋ gba maŋ de la boŋkaŋa a nansaala na maŋ boɔle ka baaroo pan a de poŋi ne a uurŋ anaŋ naŋ maŋ yiri ka banaŋ wa doge baare. A ba kɔɔre kyɛ ka buokyiri a wa leɛre ɔrebare woore ama zu, ama eŋ maŋ ko la noba a vuo ka ba baŋ toɔ are zitoɔre kyɛ nyɛ lɛ sap deebo a yi a teere enne. Syrup koɔ maaaloo meŋ piili la a saŋa banaŋ wa piili derɛ koɔbo lɔɛ a nansaala naŋ maŋ boɔle ka “traɔtoɔ” gaa dada ne sap teere gyamaa a weɛ poɔ ( ka a sikyiri toɔ uuruŋ ŋa toɔ a yi ). == Sommo Yizie == dx5f26o636o64982nxgy33ysf41nga5