Wikipedia dtpwiki https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natad_Tagayo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Poimbida Pibarasan Moomomoguno Pibarasan moomomoguno Wikipedia Pibarasan Wikipedia Fail Pibarasan fail MediaWiki Pibarasan MediaWiki Templat Pibarasan templat Kouhupan Pibarasan kouhupan Kategori Pibarasan kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pibarasan modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 983 24159 20503 2026-05-21T05:32:46Z CommonsDelinker 31 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_greeting_Donald_Trump.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_with_Nancy_Reagan_During_a_Reception_for_Eureka_College_Scholarship_Recipients_and_Meeting_Donald_Trump_in_The_State_Dining_Room_-_DPLA_-_8074576918fd9af6f210a 24159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country primarily located in North America}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = United States of America | common_name = United States | image_flag = Flag of the United States (DoS ECA Color Standard).svg | alt_flag = {{Nbsp}} <!--Used to denote purely decorative images--> | flag_type_article = Flag of the United States | image_coat = Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg | coat_alt = {{Nbsp}} <!--Used to denote purely decorative images--> | symbol_type_article = Great Seal of the United States#Obverse | national_motto = "[[In God We Trust]]"<ref>{{USC|36|302}}</ref>{{Collapsible list |title={{Nowrap|Other traditional mottos:<ref name="de facto Motto">{{Cite web|publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]], [[Bureau of Public Affairs]]|year=2003|url= https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/27807.pdf|title=The Great Seal of the United States|access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>}} |titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:1.15em; |liststyle=text-align:center;white-space:nowrap; |{{Native phrase|la|"[[E pluribus unum]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Out of many, one" |{{Native phrase|la|"[[Annuit cœptis]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Providence favors our undertakings" |{{Native phrase|la|"[[Novus ordo seclorum]]"|italics=off}}<br />"New order of the ages" }} | national_anthem = "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]"<ref>{{Cite act|date=3 March 1931|article=14|article-type=H.R.|legislature=[[71st United States Congress]]|title=An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America|url=https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=46&page=1508}}</ref><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[Fail:Star Spangled Banner instrumental.ogg]]</div> <!-- Commented out, as not [[WP:DUE]] for lead. | march="[[The Stars and Stripes Forever]]"<ref name="urluscode.house.gov">{{cite web|url=https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=112&page=1263|title=uscode.house.gov|date=August 12, 1999|website=Public Law 105-225|publisher=uscode.house.gov|pages=112 Stat. 1263|quote=Section 304. "The composition by John Philip Sousa entitled 'The Stars and Stripes Forever' is the national march."|access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[Fail:March, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" · Colonel John R. Bourgeois, Director · John Philip Sousa · United States Marine Band.ogg]]</div> --> <!-- Consensus map, see talk page. -->| image_map = {{Switcher|[[Fail:USA orthographic.svg|frameless|alt=Orthographic map of the U.S. in North America]]|Show globe ([[U.S. state|states]] and [[Washington, D.C.|D.C.]] only)|[[Fail:US insular areas SVG.svg|upright=1.15|frameless|alt=World map showing the U.S. and its territories]]|Show the U.S. and [[Territories of the United States|its territories]]|[[Fail:NOAA Map of the US EEZ.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show territories with [[Exclusive economic zone of the United States|EEZ]]|default=1}} | map_width = 220px | capital = [[Washington, D.C.]]<br />{{Coord|38|53|N|77|1|W|display=inline}} | largest_city = [[New York City]]<br />{{Coord|40|43|N|74|0|W|display=inline}} | official_languages = None at the [[Federal government of the United States|federal level]]{{Efn|name=officiallanguage|30 of 50 states recognize only English as an official language. The state of [[Hawaii]] recognizes both [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] and English as official languages, the state of [[Alaska]] officially recognizes 20 [[Alaska Native languages]] alongside English, and the state of [[South Dakota]] recognizes [[Sioux language|O'ceti Sakowin]] as an official language.}} | languages_type = [[National language]] | languages = [[English language|English]] (''[[de facto]]'') <!-- NOTE: For English, don't add "American English" -->| ethnic_groups = {{Plainlist|''By race:'' * 61.6% [[White Americans|White]] * 12.4% [[African Americans|Black]] * 6.0% [[Asian Americans|Asian]] * 1.1% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] * 0.2% [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] * 10.2% [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]] * 8.4% [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|other]] }} {{Plainlist|''By origin:'' * 81.3% non-Hispanic or Latino * 18.7% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2020 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="2020CensusData">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html|title=2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country|work=[[United States Census]]|access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name="2020InteractiveCensusData">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html?linkId=100000060666476|title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census|work=[[United States Census]]|access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity|title=A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data|author=|date=August 13, 2021|website=NPR|publisher=|access-date=|quote=}}</ref> | demonym = [[Americans|American]]{{Efn|name=demonym|The historical and informal demonym [[Yankee]] has been applied to Americans, New Englanders, or northeasterners since the 18th century.}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia and Fact-index: Ohio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV5tvKPO684C&q=%22national+nicknames%22+Yankee|year=1963|page=336}}</ref> | government_type = [[Federalism in the United States|Federal]] presidential [[Republic|constitutional republic]] <!-- Consensus is to list President, Vice President, Chief Justice, and Speaker of the House -->| leader_title1 = [[President of the United States|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Donald Trump]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[J. D. Vance]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Mike Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Mike Johnson]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[John Roberts]] | legislature = [[United States Congress|Congress]] | upper_house = [[United States Senate|Senate]] | lower_house = [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of the United States|Independence]] | sovereignty_note = from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] | established_event1 = [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration]] | established_date1 = {{Start date|1776|7|4}} | established_event2 = [[Confederation Period|Confederation]] | established_date2 = {{Start date|1781|3|1}} | established_event3 = [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Recognized]] | established_date3 = {{Start date|1783|9|3}} | established_event4 = [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]] | established_date4 = {{Start date|1788|6|21}} | established_event5 = [[Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution|Last Amendment]] | established_date5 = {{Start date|1992|5|5}} | area_link = Geography of the United States | area_label = Total area | area_footnote = <ref>Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{Cite web| date = August 2010| title = State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates| work = [[Census.gov]]| url = https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html| access-date = March 31, 2020| quote = reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> | area_rank = 3rd{{Efn|name=largestcountry}} | area_sq_mi = 3,796,742 | percent_water = 4.66<ref>{{Cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=October 11, 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#|date=2015}}</ref> (2015) | area_label2 = Land area | area_data2 = {{Convert|3,531,905|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} (3rd) | population_census = 331,449,281{{Efn|name="pop"}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/04/2020-census-data-release.html|title=U.S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment|work=[[United States Census]]|access-date=April 26, 2021}} The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.</ref> | population_census_year = 2020 | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 334,914,895<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=US Census |title=U.S. Population Trends Return to Pre-Pandemic Norms as More States Gain Population |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-trends-return-to-pre-pandemic-norms.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_census_rank = 3rd | population_density_sq_mi = 87<!-- Figure uses (population/land + water area) as of July 2019. --> | population_density_rank = 185th | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $26.950&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMF.WEO.US">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (US) |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=October 10, 2023 |access-date=October 10, 2023 }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $80,412<ref name="IMF.WEO.US" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 9th | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $26.950&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMF.WEO.US" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 1st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $80,412<ref name="IMF.WEO.US" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 7th | Gini = 39.4<!-- Number only. --> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = {{Efn|After adjustment for taxes and transfers}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2021/demo/income-poverty/p60-273.html|title=Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020|first=US Census|last=Bureau|newspaper=Census.gov |page=48|access-date=July 26, 2022}}</ref> | HDI = 0.921<!-- Number only. --> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 8, 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 21st | currency = [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]] ($) | currency_code = USD | utc_offset = −4 to −12, +10, +11 | utc_offset_DST = −4 to −10{{Efn|name="time"}} | date_format = mm/dd/yyyy{{Efn|See [[Date and time notation in the United States]].}} | drives_on = Right{{Efn|name="drive"}} | calling_code = [[North American Numbering Plan|+1]] | iso3166code = US | cctld = [[.us|.us]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/|title=The Difference Between .us vs .com|date=January 3, 2022|website=Cozab|access-date=August 11, 2023|archive-date=April 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416200528/https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | religion = {{Ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{Tree list}} * 70% [[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] ** 34% [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]] ** 23% [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholicism]] ** 2% [[Mormons|Mormonism]] **11% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}} |21% [[Irreligion in the United States|unaffiliated]] |2% [[American Jews|Judaism]] |6% [[Religion in the United States|other religion]] |1% no answer }} | religion_year = 2022 | religion_ref = <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date= June 8, 2007|title=In Depth: Topics A to Z (Religion) |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1690/Religion.aspx |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=[[Gallup, Inc.]] |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Amerika Syarikat''' nopo nga iso pogun id [[Amerika Utara|Amerika Koibutan]]. Ii nopo nga republik kiporlembagaan porsekutuan i kiwaa 50 negeri, iso watas porsekutuan om limo wilayah i au diperbadankan, 326 gana rizab indian, om 9 pulau tokoro i poinsuai-suai. Pogun diti kiginayo 9.8 riong kilometer persegi, mantad dii, nosiliu pogun diti do pogun ko-4 bobos tagayo hiti pomogunan. Pialatan pogun diti nopo nga miampai [[Kanada]] id Koibutan om [[Mexico]] id kabaatan; pialatan maritim nopo nga' popohompit do pogun [[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]], [[Rusia]] om ogumu po. Soginumu 331 riong tulun mogigion id suang pogun diti gisom nosiliu sabaagi pogun kotolu bobos ogumu o mogigion id pomogunan. ==Pomungaranan== Id toun 1507, tangabaal [[Kartografi]] [[Jerman]], [[Martin Waldseemüller]] minomonsoi do iso pata pomogunan, om id suang pata dii, pinungaranan dau oo kinoyonon id [[Hemisfera Kotonobon]] sabaagi [[America|"America"]] miampai minomoguno ngaran pengembara om angabaal Kartografi [[Itali]], [[Amerigo Vespucci]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-24-america-turns-500_N.htm?csp=34|title=Cartographer Put 'America' on the Map 500 years Ago|work=USA Today|date=2007-04-24|accessdate=2008-11-30}</ref> Ngaran di tinahak montok entiti pamabakan [[Tiga Belas Jajahan|hopod om tolu bagas pomorintaan]] [[Amerika British|British]] diti nokotimpuun do pinoilo id suang do surat di kitadauwulan 2 Milatok 1776 ii pinoutus di [[Stephen Moylan]] kumaa[[Joseph Reed|Lt. Kol. Joseph Reed]], adikung [[George Washington]] maamaso [[Perang Revolusi Amerika]].<ref>DeLear, Byron (July 4, 2013) [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer.] "Historians have long tried to pinpoint exactly when the name 'United States of America' was first used and by whom{{nbsp}}... This latest find comes in a letter that Stephen Moylan, Esq., wrote to Col. Joseph Reed from the Continental Army Headquarters in Cambridge, Mass., during the Siege of Boston. The two men lived with Washington in Cambridge, with Reed serving as Washington's favorite military secretary and Moylan fulfilling the role during Reed's absence." ''Christian Science Monitor'' (Boston, MA).</ref><ref>Touba, Mariam (November 5, 2014) [http://blog.nyhistory.org/coined-phrase-united-states-america-may-never-guess/ Who Coined the Phrase 'United States of America'? You May Never Guess] "Here, on January 2, 1776, seven months before the Declaration of Independence and a week before the publication of Paine's ''Common Sense'', Stephen Moylan, an acting secretary to General George Washington, spells it out, 'I should like vastly to go with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain' to seek foreign assistance for the cause." ''New-York Historical Society Museum & Library''</ref><ref>Fay, John (July 15, 2016) [http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America'] "According to the NY Historical Society, Stephen Moylan was the man responsible for the earliest documented use of the phrase 'United States of America'. But who was Stephen Moylan?" ''IrishCentral.com''</ref> Ngaran diti pinosuang di konteks rasmi id suang do [[Perisytiharan Kemerdekaan Amerika Syarikat|Porisytiharan Kagabasan piomungan dii]], “''unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America''” (Porisytiharan pinupakatan do hopod om tolu Pogun Amerika miamung) i notorimo do “''Representatives of the united States of America''” (Mongongobi Negeri-Negeri Amerika miamung) antakan di 4 Madas toun di miagal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters.html|title=The Charters of Freedom|publisher=National Archives|accessdate=2007-06-20}}</ref> Antakan di 15 Milau 1777, nokotorimo o [[Kongres Benua Kedua]] do [[Perkara-Perkara Pergabungan]] (''Articles of Confederation'') ii nakarait do, "''The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'''" (Ngaran Piniomungan diti nopo nga' ‘Negeri-Negeri Amerika Bersatu’.) Pibatasan Perancis-Amerika di toun 1778 minomoguno do ngaran "''United States of North America''" (Negeri-Negeri Amerika Utara Bersatu), nga' tumimpuun 11 Madas 1778, "''United States of America''" id suang do [[bil pertukaran]] pogun, om mantad dii, nokosiliu miampai rasmi o pogun diti.<ref>{{cite web|author=McClure, James|url=http://www.ydr.com/ci_9569289|title=A Primer: The 'First Capital' Debate|publisher=YDR.com|date=2008-06-12|accessdate=2010-07-26|archive-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HZG4qYv3?url=http://www.ydr.com/ci_9569289|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Piagalan id suang do boros Melayu === Pomungaranan do pogun diti id [[bahasa Melayu|boros Melayu]] pinoimbulai id [[Hindia Timur Belanda]] antakan di kotimpuunon abad ko-20 maya ngaran "Amerika Serikat" - "serikat" toi ko' "sarekat" <ref name="KBBI">{{Cite dictionary|title=serikat|date=2016|url=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/serikat|publisher=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|encyclopedia=Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia}}</ref> boros noolos {{Lang-ar|{{script|Arab|شَرِكَة}}|translit=syarikah}} ii kirati do "pitimungan (pitimbungakan, piomungan, om suai-suai po)".<ref name="KBBI" /><ref name="MingguanMalaysia">{{Cite newspaper|url=|title=Mengapa namanya bukan Negeri-negeri Bersatu Amerika?|last=|first=|date=25 September 2011|newspaper=Mingguan Malaysia|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|work=|via=}}</ref> Pinakakal kasari o [[Bahasa Indonesia]] do ngaran kiija'an "serikat" diti, nga' boros-boros Melayu baku suai se-Nusantara kohompit no [[Bahasa Malaysia]]<!-- Bahasa Indonesia memang dikelaskan secara linguistik sebagai suatu Bahasa Melayu yang telah dimodenkan daripada Bahasa Melayu Klasik. "Bahasa Malaysia" ada wujud sebagai pembeza bahasa-bahasa Melayu Moden lain termasuk "Bahasa Melayu Singapura" dan sebagainya. Bahasa Indonesia setaraf dengan Bahasa Malaysia dalam payung Bahasa Melayu besar menurut pangkalan data MABBIM di Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu DBP.--> lobi dominan monginruai komponen diti kumaa "[[syarikat]]" (gisom nokosiliu do "Amerika Syarikat") tumanud bontuk boros Arab sandad. <ref name="MingguanMalaysia"/> ==Sajara== ===Peribumi Amerika om Tutumombului Eropah=== [[Amerindian|Tinaru sandad]] Amerika Syarikat (kohompit no Alaska) noilaan do [[Model penghijrahan ke Dunia Baru|minundaliu Asia]], lobi kuang 12,000 - 40,000 toun di pogulu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://anthropology.si.edu/HumanOrigins/faq/americas.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128083459/http://anthropology.si.edu/HumanOrigins/faq/americas.htm|archivedate=2007-11-28|title=Peopling of Americas|publisher=Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History|month=Jun|year=2004|accessdate=2007-06-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Haro i pialatan diolo do nakaanu popoingkakat do pomutanaman di nokoburu, miagal do [[kebudayaan Mississippi]] [[pra-Columbus]]. Mantad kinorikatan do tulun Eropah montok mion id benua Amerika, ogumu tulun sandad Amerika napatai gama do noontok toruuruol di nokosuang miagal do [[cacar air]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Meltzer, D.J.|year=1992|title=How Columbus Sickened the New World: Why Were Native Americans So Vulnerable to the Diseases European Settlers Brought With Them?|journal=New Scientist|page=38|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618424.700-how-columbus-sickened-the-new-world-why-were-nativeamericans-so-vulnerable-to-the-diseases-european-settlers-brought-with-them.html}}</ref> [[Fail:MayflowerHarbor.jpg|thumb|left|Ilustrasi kapal ''[[Mayflower]]'' mongowit [[Pilgrim|mogigidu mantad Puritan]] id pomgun wagu maamaso toun 1620 (''The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor'' oleh [[William Halsall]], 1882).]] Antakan di toun 1492, songulun monompogunan mantad [[Genoa]], [[Christopher Columbus]], id siriba kontrak pomorintahan Sepanyol, nokoihum do piipiro pulau id Karibia, om nokoromut miampai tulun sandad montok di kumoinsan nogi. Antakan di 2 Ngiop 1513, [[konkuistador]] Sepanyol, [[Juan Ponce de León]] tinumindal id kinoyonon di pinungaranan do "[[History of Florida|La Florida]]"— ponuatan di kumoinsan kokomoi kinorikatan tulun Eropah id gana tagayo AS. Kinoyonon Sepanyol id kinoyonon diti nopo nga' tinanud do kinoyonon kabaatan kotonobon AS i nakaanu minamagayat ogumu tulun mantad Mexico. Tumataran hulu Perancis minonuridong do kota kara [[Perancis Baru]] id posorili [[Tasik-Tasik Besar Amerika|Tasik-Tasik Tagayo]] Amerika Utara; maid-laid, pokionuon do Perancis o soboogian tagayo pononsokid do bonuua diti gisom do Teluk Mexico. Tulun Inggiris di nokopogulu nakaanu pinopoingkakat do tionon ii otutunan sabaagi do [[Koloni Virginia]] id [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] antakan di toun 1607, sinuhut do [[Koloni Plymouth]] di [[Pilgrim|golongan ''Pilgrim'']] antakan di toun 1620. Antakan di toun 1628, [[Koloni Teluk Massachusetts]] nokotorimo piagam dau gisom nakaanu mamagayat lakun koundolihon; antakan di toun 1634, lobi kuang 10, 000 tulun [[Puritan]] minion id [[New England]]. Maamaso koompokon do 1610-an gisom timpu Revolusi Amerika, lobi kuang 50,000 banduan pinaatod kumaa koloni British id Amerika.<ref>{{cite web|work=Butler, James Davie, American Historical Review 2|url=http://www.dinsdoc.com/butler-1.htm|title=British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies|publisher=Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History|month=October|year=1896|accessdate=2007-06-21}}</ref> Tumimpuun do toun 1614, minion o tulun Belanda id sorili panansawa [[Sungai Hudson]], kohompit no [[New Amsterdam]] id [[Manhattan|Pulau Manhattan]]. Antakan di toun 1674, pinatahak do Belanda o kinoyonon dau id Amerika kumaa England, mantad dii, kinoyonon [[Belanda Baru|Belanda Wagu]] noonuan do ngaran wagu ii otutunan sabaagi do New york. Ogumu mumundaliu wagu, lobi-lobi no id Ponongsiba, nopo nga' [[kuli-kontrak]] - lobi kuang duo mantad tolu koinsanai mumundaliu mantad Virginia di toun 1630 gisom 1680.<ref>Russell, David Lee (2005). ''The American Revolution in the Southern Colonies''. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland, p. 12. ISBN 0-7864-0783-2.</ref> Mintonod do abad ko-18, [[Perhambaan di Amerika Syarikat|susuhuon mantad Afrika]] nokosiliu do toud kopio do mongindapou poingkogos. Mantad nogi pomboogian [[Carolina]] (1929) om pomorintaan di [[Georgia (negeri Amerika Syarikat)|Georgia]] (1732), noturidong o 13 pomorintaan British di kaanu mombontuk Amerika Syarikat. Toinsanan porintaan dii kiharo pomorinta momogun ii nopili do kogumuan tongokusai di obibas, ogirot o tonggom kumaa [[hak orang Inggeris]] kuno miampai kipomorintaan sondii, gisom nakaanu minongunsub do sunduan [[republikanisme]]. [[Perdagangan hamba Afrika]] amu antaban id toinsanan pomorintaan. Gama do akawas kadar kosusuan, osiriba kadar kapatayon om kinorikatan do mumundaliu di osonong, ginumu mogigion id kinoyonon pomorintaan nopo nga' gumumu. Koguraan [[kebangkitan Kristian|kinoingkakatan Kristian]] antakan di toun 1730-an gisom 1740-an, notutunan sabaagi do [[Kebangkitan Besar Pertama|Kinoningkakaton Tagayo]] montok mamagayat rahi kumaa kotumbayaan om kobibasan kiugama. Id suang do [[Perang Perancis dan Indian]], soudor British minagahau Kanada mantad do Perancis, nga' kinoyonon momoboros boros Perancis kakal po do okoro mantad ko' pomorintaan id Ponongsiba. Koinsanai 13 pomorintaan dii nion do 2.6 riong tulun antakan di toun 1770, kopiagal do iso mantad tolu mogigion id Britain, amu kohompi to [[Pribumi Amerika Syarikat|tinaru Momogun]] (“Indian”); lobi kuang iso mantad limo mogigion Amerika diti nopo nga' susuhuon ii kikulit toitom.<ref>Blackburn, Robin (1998). ''The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800''. London and New York: Verso, p. 460. ISBN 1-85984-195-3.</ref> Hali pia [[Tiada cukai tanpa perwakilan|sansagan do mambayar cukai kumaa pomorintaan British]], mogigion koloni Amerika amu nakaanu mongongobi id [[Parlimen Great Britain]]. === Kagabasan om Ponginlaaban === {{see also|Revolusi Amerika|Perang Revolusi Amerika}} [[Fail:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|''[[Perisytiharan Kemerdekaan Trumbull|Perisytiharan Kemerdekaan]]'' oleh [[John Trumbull]], 1817–18]] Pisongkiwalan do mogigion koloni Amerika om British maamaso timpu [[Revolusi]] Amerika di toun 1760-an om koimpuunon do 1770-an, nokopogowit do [[Perang Revolusi Amerika|Pisangadan Revolusi Amerika]] mantad di toun 1775 gisom 1781. Antakan di 14 Mahas 1775, [[Kongres Kebenuaan Kedua|Kongres Kebenuaan]] ii pinaharo id kakadayan [[Philadelphia]], minonuridong do [[Tentera Kebenuaan]] ii pinuruan di [[George Washington]]. Miampai porisytiharan do "[[setiap manusia diciptakan sama taraf]]" i noonuan do "[[Hak semula jadi dan undang-undang|hak-hak di amu milo olimon]]," minonorimo o Kongres do [[Perisytiharan Kemerdekaan Amerika Syarikat|Porisytiharan Kagabasan]] ii diningkai, lobi-lobi no i [[Thomas Jefferson]], antakan di 4 Madas 1776. Antakan do tadauwulan diti no [[Hari Kemerdekaan Amerika Syarikat|Tadau Kagabasan Amerika Syarikat]] royohon monikid toun. Antakan di toun 1777 [[Perkara-Perkara Pergabungan]] minonuridong do iso karajaan miamung i opihoi om nokoingkakat gisom no toun 1789. Kalapas do [[Pengepungan Yorktown|naala o British]] kumaa soudor Amerika miampai ponguhupan do Perancais, Great Britain [[Perjanjian Paris (1783)|nokosokodung do kagabasan Amerika Syarikat]] om [[kedaulatan]] pogun-pogun di id wilayah Amerika id barat [[Sungai Mississippi]]. Iso [[Konvensyen Philadelphia|konvensyen perlembagaan]] noulud di toun 1787 do pihak di manu monuridong kerajaan kabansaan ii ogirot om kuasa mongontok do cukai. Noratifikasi o [[Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat]] antakan di toun 1788. Mantad dii, [[Kongres Amerika Syarikat pertama|Senat om Dewan Perwakilan kumoiso]] republik wagu diti, om [[Presiden Amerika Syarikat|presidennya]], George Washington, minongigit tonggungan diolo sondii di toun 1789. [[Perakuan Hak Amerika Syarikat|Pogokunan Hak]] om [[Hak semula jadi|mogodu tantob kumaa kosimbayanan sondii om mamadamin mogikaakawo koumoligan kooturan]] do kerajaan persekutuan, notorimo di toun 1791. Pondirian kumaa [[Perhambaan di Amerika Syarikat|perhambaan]] mimpuun no di sumimban; haro iso fasal id suang do Perlembagaan ii manamong do susuhuon Afrika gisom toun 1808. Pogun-pogun Utara minanalob do woyo tulun susuhuon antakan di toun 1780 gisom 1804, om pogun-pogun Selatan po i noolu sabaagi do [[negeri hamba]] i mantamong do "[[institusi khusus]]" diti. [[Kebangkitan Besar Kedua|Koingkakatan Tagayo Kumoinduo]] i nokoimpuun maamaso toun 1800, poposiliu do [[evangelikalisme]] popogura [[pergerakan pembaharuan|koguraan ponginwoguan]] miagal do [[faham penghapusan]]. [[Fail:U.S. Territorial Acquisitions.png|right|thumb|Pongonuan wilayah tumanud tadauwulan]] Kosionuan Amerika Syarikat montok [[Perolehan wilayah Amerika Syarikat|lumaab kumaa id barat]] pinopoimbulai do sanrataian [[Perang Indian Amerika|pisangadan ii mitilombus miampai tinaru Indian]]. [[Pembelian Louisiana]] mantad wilayah pokionuon do Perancis id siriba do pomorintaan Presiden Thomas Jefferson di toun 1803 sorokuukuri pinopotuntun do kalaaban pogun. [[Perang 1812]] ii noisytihar kumaa Britain gama do ogumu amu kasanangan mantad koduo-duo pihak, gisom nopupusan do miagal, popogirot kawagu do sunduan kabansaan AS. Sangod monigowo mantad tantara AS kumaa Florida i miguli-guli minononsog do [[Perjanjian Adams-Onís|Sepanyol montok papatahak]] pogun dii om wilayah Pantai Teluk suai i pinokianu mantad di toun 1819. [[Trail of Tears|Mongugad mogigion peribumi miampai agayo id rantau selatan]] antakan di 1830-an ii pinungaranan do "Jejak Bertangisan" (''Trail of Tears'') nopo nga' iso poomitanan dasar [[penyingkiran Indian]] ii minagahau gana nionon do tulun momogun. Pinoilhak do Amerika Syarikat o [[Republik Texas]] antakan di toun 1845. Anatakan do timpu dii nogi, konsep “[[Masa Depan Tersurat]]” (''Manifest Destiny'') nakaanu kopomoromitan di osonong kopio. <ref>Morrison, Michael A. (1999). ''Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 13–21. ISBN 0-8078-4796-8.</ref> [[Perjanjian Oregon]] 1846 miampai Britain minogowit do ponguasaan wilayah i otutunan sabaagi do [[Amerika Syarikat Barat Laut|Barat Laut Amerika Syarikat]] dinondo. Kalantayon do AS id suang do [[Perang Mexico–Amerika Syarikat|pisangadan Mexico]] mononsog do Mexiceo papatahak do pogun [[California]] om soboogian tagayo [[Amerika Syarikat Barat Daya|Barat Daya Amerika]] di toun 1848. [[Kerubut Emas California]] antakan di toun 1848–49 mongunsub do koundolihon kumaa barat, pinoinsonong maya pinamansayan do [[Pengangkutan kereta api di Amerika Syarikat#Sejarah|wayaan koritapu wagu]], nga' minamaraat do pisongkiwalan miampai mogigion Amerika. Solinaid lobi sampapas abad, somok do 40 riong tinan [[bison Amerika]] kinorot montok kulit om tonsi, om monginsonong do koinlaaban wayaan koritapui. Kinoingkurian do populasi bison diti, toud utama koposion tinaru [[Indian dataran]], popoimbulai korutumon montok koubasanan pribumi diti. ===Sangod Internal om Pongindustrian=== {{see also|Perang Saudara Amerika|Perang Sepanyol–Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:Battle of Gettysburg, by Currier and Ives.png|thumb|left|''[[Pertempuran Gettysburg]]'', litograf di [[Currier and Ives|Currier & Ives]], ca. 1863]] Pisongkiwalan do [[negeri hamba|pogun tulun susuhuon]] om "pogun obibas" nokorikot id dunto soira haro pisongkiwalan kokomoi pionitan do [[Hak negeri|kerajaan pogun om porsekutuan]], om nogi [[Bleeding Kansas|kakasahon]] gama do kinoinlaabon do monunuhu tulun id pogun-pogun wagu. [[Abraham Lincoln]], mingkakat montok [[Parti Republikan (Amerika Syarikat)|Parti Republikan]] i mangada kopio do momunuhu tulun suai, nopili sabaagi do presiden antakan di toun 1860. Amu po isio nakapangakat batos, turu pogun tulun susuhuon pinopoisytihar do piadaan mantad AS (hali pia amu nookunan do kooturan kerajaan perseketuan} om minombontuk do [[Negeri-negeri Gabungan Amerika|Pogun Piomungan do Amerika]]. Kalapas do [[Pertempuran Fort Sumter|sinangod o Fort Sumter do Piomungan]], kotimpuun o [[Perang Saudara Amerika]] om apat pogun tulun susuhuon minamung do Piomungan dii. [[Pengisytiharan Pembebasan]] ii pinoilo di Lincoln di toun 1863 pinopoisytihar do kobibasan tulun susuhuon id pogun-pogun Piomungan. Kalapas nakalantoi o [[Kesatuan (Perang Saudara Amerika)|Piomungan]] di toun 1865,tolu pindaan winonsoi id suang do Perlembagaan AS montok [[Pindaan Ketiga Belas Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|mamadamin kobibasan]] montok apat [[orang Amerika Afrika]] ii susuhuon solinaid di,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-02.pdf|title=1860 Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| ccessdate=2007-06-10}} Ms. 7 menyatakan jumlah penduduk hamba pada 3,953,760 orang.</ref> om [[Pindaan Keempat Belas Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|manahak kowarganegaraan]] om [[Pindaan Kelima Belas Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|hak mongundi]] kumaa diolo. Pisangadan dii om ponguyadan nokopogoit do kinoingkawason id suang do [[Federalisme di Amerika Syarikat|kuasa persekutuan]] AS.<ref>De Rosa, Marshall L. (1997). ''The Politics of Dissolution: The Quest for a National Identity and the American Civil War''. Edison, NJ: Transaction, p. 266. ISBN 1-56000-349-9.</ref> [[Fail:Ellis island 1902.jpg|thumb|Mumundaliu id [[Pulau Ellis]], [[Pelabuhan New York]], 1902]] Kalapas do pisangadan, kinaantakan [[Pembunuhan Abraham Lincoln|pamatayan di Lincoln]] [[Republikan Radikal|pinoporadikal]] dasar-dasar [[Zaman Pembinaan Semula Amerika Syarikat|Pamansayan Kawagu]] parti Republikan i kitudu montok popiiso om momonsoi kawagu pogun-pogun Kabaatan miampai mamadamin hak-hak tinaru susuhuon ii wagu nogi nokoidu. Hali pia miagal dii, pinonguyadan do pisongkiwalan [[Pilihan Raya Presiden Amerika Syarikat 1876|pilihanraya presiden 1876]] do [[Kompromi 1877]] minoningkod do proses Pamansayan Kawagu; sinuhut do [[undang-undang Jim Crow]] ii minongidu hak mongundi tulun Afrika. Id Koibutan, proses pambandaran om [[Penghijrahan ke Amerika Syarikat|kosuangon mumundaliu miampai soroguugumu]] mantad [[Eropah Selatan]] om [[Eropah Timur|Kosilahon]] pinoposikap [[pengindustrian]] pogun diti. Gelombang koundolihon ii nokotilombus gisom toun 1929, popotounda do tenaga karaja di kabagal miampai monimban turos koubasanan do Amerika. Pongingkakatan prasarana pogun mongunsub do pongingkakatan ekonomi. [[Pembelian Alaska|Pomolian Alaska]] mantad Rusia di toun 1867 minomogonop do ponginlaaban gana tagayo pogun. [[Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Wounded Knee]] di toun 1890 nopo nga' konflik kikakamot tagayo di kotohuri id rantaian Sangod Indian. Antakan di toun 1893, pomorintah kiraja pribumi id [[Kerajaan Hawaii]] id [[Rahat Pasifik]], noidu gama do nasaladan kuasa mantad do mogigion Amerika; AS pinopoilhak do kopulauan dii antakan di toun 1898. Antakan do toun di miagal, [[Perang Sepanyol–Amerika|kalantayon sangod kumaa Sepanyol]] pinopokito do AS sabaagi iso [[Kuasa besar|kuasa pomogunan]] miampai pinopomilo do pogun di minongilhak do [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], om [[Filipina]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Gates, John M.|url=http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html|title=War-Related Deaths in the Philippines|work=Pacific Historical Review|publisher=College of Wooster|date=August 1984|accessdate=2007-09-27|archive-date=2014-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629045949/http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nakaanu o Filipina do kagabasan kalapas do opintanga abad; Puerto Rico om Guam kakal sabaagi wilayah AS. ===Sangod Pomogunan om Kinorotuan Major=== {{see also|Kemelesetan Besar di Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:Dust Bowl - Dallas, South Dakota 1936.jpg|thumb|left|Iso pomutanaman di poinlogod id [[Dakota Kabaatan]] gama do kinaantakan [[Dust Bowl]], 1936]] Maamaso nokotimpuun o [[Perang Dunia Pertama|Sangod Pogun Kumoiso]] di toun 1914, minaganu o Amerika Syarikat do pondirian sinumusuai. Ogumu mogigion Amerika osianan do British om Perancis, nga' ogumu nogi amu osokodung do humompit o AS.<ref>Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty (1991). ''The Reader's Companion to American History.'' New York: Houghton Mifflin, p. 576. ISBN 0-395-51372-3.</ref> Antakan di toun 1917, Amerika Syarikat [[Pihak Berikat Perang Dunia Pertama|Pihak Poingkogos]] montok monguhup mangala do [[Kuasa Pusat]]. Kalapas do pisangadan, amu moratifikasi o Senat do [[Persetiaan Versilles]] i pinopohimagon do [[Liga Bangsa-Bangsa]], nga' minomoguno do dasar [[unilateralisme]] i osomok do [[dasar pemencilan|pinopousuk do pogun]] mantad hal-ehwal pomogunan.<ref>McDuffie, Jerome, Gary Wayne Piggrem, and Steven E. Woodworth (2005). ''U.S. History Super Review''. Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association, p. 418. ISBN 0-7386-0070-9.</ref> Antakan di toun 1920, koguraan [[hak wanita|hak koonduan]] pinapalantoi do [[Pindaan Kesembilan Belas Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|pindaan perlembagaan]] i manahak do [[Hak mengundi wanita di Amerika Syarikat|hak mongundi kumaa koonduan]]. Koimogoton di nawayaan maamaso [[Roaring Twenties|1920-an]] nopupusan soira [[Kejatuhan Wall Street 1929]] minongimbulai do [[Kemelesetan Besar di Amerika Syarikat|Kemelesetan Tagayo]]. Kalapas nopili sabaagi presiden di toun 1932, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] pinopoindalan do dasar-dasar [[New Deal]] ii pinopogirot do kohompitan karajaan id suang do ekonomi. Kinaantakan [[Dust Bowl]] di pintangaan toun 1930-an minongunsub do ogumu komuniti mororobuat mosikin pinopoimbulai do gelombang wagu montok mundaliu id boogian kotonobon. [[Fail:1944 NormandyLST.jpg|thumb|Askar Divisyen Infantri Kumoiso Tentera A.S tinumampo id Normandy di [[D-Day]], 6 Madas 1944]] Amerika Syarikat ii kakal sinumusuai id kotimpuunon [[Perang Dunia Kedua|Sangod Pogun Kumoduo]] soira [[Jerman Nazi]] minanangod do Poland antakan di Manom 1939, nokotimpuun do manahak kaakmot mata kumaa [[Pihak Berikat Perang Dunia Kedua|Pihak Berikat]] id kotimpuunon do Gomot 1941 maya palan [[Lend-Lease]]. Antakan di 7 Momuhau 1941, pinotimpuun do [[Empayar Jepun]] o [[serangan Pearl Harbor|panangadan sikog kumaa Pearl Harbor]], gisom minongunsub do AS mamung id Pihak Berikat montok manangod do [[kuasa Paksi]] miampai [[Penahanan orang Jepun di Amerika|momusus ribuan tulun i sinakagon do Jepun]] id suang do pogun.<ref>{{cite web|author=Burton, Jeffrey F., et al.|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/anthropology74/ce3.htm|title=A Brief History of Japanese American Relocation During World War II|work=Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites|month=October|date=Julai 2000|accessdate=2010-04-02|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Kohompitan do AS id pisangadan mongunsub do pelaburan modal om mongingayo do kapasiti industri. Nosiliu o AMerika Syarikat sabaagi do iso no pogun di panangod di apangkal i nokosiliu lobi kiharo-haro gama do pisangadan diti, kopiadang do pogun-pogun suai di mosikin.<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989). ''The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers''. New York: Vintage, p. 358. ISBN 0-679-72019-7.</ref> Persidangan Pihak Berikat id [[Persidangan Monetari dan Kewangan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Bretton Woods]] om [[Persidangan Yalta|Yalta]] minamagarit do sistem pertubuhan sompomogunan wagu ii popoili do AS om [[Kesatuan Soviet]] sabaagi tumpuan di apangkal montok ahal ehwal pomogunan. Kalapasd do [[Hari Kemenangan di Eropah|kinalantayon sangod id Eropah]], iso [[Persidangan Pertubuhan Antarabangsa Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu|persidangan sompomogunan]] pinaharo id [[San Francisco]] di toun 1945, montok monoodo do [[Piagam Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu]] ii tinunimpuunan kalapas do sangod.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/55407.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612221444/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/55407.htm|archivedate=2007-06-12|title=The United States and the Founding of the United Nations, August 1941&nbsp;– October 1945|month=Oktober|year=2005|accessdate=2007-06-11|publisher=U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian|url-status=live}}</ref> [[projek Manhattan|Pinopoingkakat do senjata nuklear kumoiso]] id pomogunan o AS montok popoloput kakadayan-kakadayan tagayo [[Pengeboman atom di Hiroshima dan Nagasaki|Hiroshima om Nagasaki]] di wulan Magus. [[Penyerahan kalah Jepun|Minongkiala o Jepun di]] 2 Manom, om kopupusai no pisangadan.<ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006). ''Japan's Longest Day''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 4-7700-2887-3.</ref> ===Perang Dingin om Pigagaan Politik=== {{see also|Perang Dingin|Perang Vietnam}} [[Fail:Martin Luther King - March on Washington.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] pinapasampai do booboroson "[[Saya Mempunyai Impian]]", 1963]] Kalapas do Sangod Pogun Kumoinduo, miniahau o Amerika Syarikat om Kesatuan montok kikuasa id suang do [[Perang Dingin]], mendominasi hal-ehwal katantaraan Eropah maya [[NATO]] om [[Pakatan Warsaw]]. Pinoposuni o AS do [[demokrasi liberal]] om [[kapitalisme]], om pihak Soviet pinoposuni do korotian [[komunisme]] om longkod di [[ekonomi terancang|ekonomi napalan]]. Koduo-duo pihak manahak sokodung kumaa karajaan diktator om hinumompit id suang do [[perang proksi|sangod proksi]]. Tantara Amerika sinumaap do [[Republik Rakyat China|China Komunis]] id suang do [[Perang Korea|Sangod Korea]] di toun 1950–53. [[Jawatankuasa Kegiatan Bukan Amerika House]] pinopoindalan do ponoriukan mogisusuhut kumaa rorormu-roromu subversi wayaan wanan, om Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] nokosiliu lundu sentimen anti-komunis di apangkal. Kohimaganan [[Vostok 1| kotuludan tulun kumoiso id tawan]] do puru Soviet di toun 1961, minongunsub do Presiden [[John F. Kennedy]] montok poposiliu AS sabaagi pogun kumoiso pinapatampo [[Program Apollo|tulun id tulan]]; nagamit iti di toun 1969. Kennedy nogi nga' tumoguang do [[Krisis Misil Cuba| pisangadan nuklear di agaras kopio]] miampai kuasa Soviet id Cuba. Id timpuu dii nogi, momoroso o AS do koponginlaaban ekonomi di osonong kopio. Iso [[Pergerakan Hak Awam Amerika-Afrika (1955–1968)|koguraan hak awam]] ii pinopokito om pinuruan do tinaru Amerika Afrika miagal do i [[Rosa Parks]], [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], om [[James Bevel]], momoguno ralan miampai aiso korongitan montok mangala do pomisuayan om diskriminasi tinaru. Mantad nogi [[pembunuhan John F. Kennedy|pinamatayan di John F. Kennedy]] di toun 1963, [[Akta Hak Awam 1964]] om [[Akta Hak Mengundi 1965]] pinasaga id siriba pomuruanan di Presidan [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]. Johnson om monowoli disio, [[Richard Nixon]], pinopoinlaab sangod proksi id Asia Kabaatan Kosilahon id suang do [[Perang Vietnam]] ii amu monokodung do AS. Kinoinlaabon do [[Budaya saingan 1960-an|koguraan koubasanan saingan]] i nounsub do [[Penentangan Perang Vietnam|sumaa kumaa sangod Vietnam]], [[nasionalisme kulit hitam]], om [[revolusi seks]]. [[Betty Friedan]], [[Gloria Steinem]], om suai-suai pinopotilombus do gelombang [[feminisme]] wagu ii mongobi do kopiagalan politik, sosial om ekonomi montok koonduan. Bagas [[skandal Watergate]] di toun 1974, Nixon nosiliu presiden AS kumoiso i tinumingkod sabaagi presiden montok mongilag do [[pencabaran|pangagaan]] kumaa panandasan monalob proses gompongotus om manansala kuasa, om pinapatahak jawatan diti kumaa Naib Presiden [[Gerald Ford]]. Pontadbiran [[Jimmy Carter]] di koompokon 1970-an noborulong do [[stagflasi]] om [[krisis tebusan Iran]]. Pomilian [[Ronald Reagan]] sabaagi presiden di toun 1980 papasaba[ do nokosimban o ralan politik AS kumaa [[Politik haluan kanan|wanan]], ii pinopokito do kosimbanan tagayo id suang do [[Reaganomik|kapangkalan porcukaian om porbalanjaan]]. Nokointong isido [[Peristiwa Iran–Contra|skandal Iran-Contra]] antakan di penggal kumoduo om lobi ogirot piombolutan diplomatik miampai Kesatuan Soviet. Nopupusan o Perang Dingin soira natatak o Soviet. ===Kawawagu=== {{see also|Serangan 11 September 2001|Perang Terhadap Keganasan}} [[Fail:UA Flight 175 hits WTC south tower 9-11 edit.jpeg|thumb|right|[[World Trade Center]] antakan do timpu kosuabon di 11 Manom 2001]] Id siriba do puruan di [[George H. W. Bush]], AS mongigit do tonggungan apangkal id suang do [[Perang Teluk]] miampai kasagaan mantad PBB. Ponginlaaban ekonomi bobos talaid id sajara moden AS - mantad Gomot 1991 gisom Gomot 2001 - poinhangkum do timpu pontadbiran [[Bill Clinton]] om [[gelembung dot-com]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Voyce, Bill|url=http://iwin.iwd.state.ia.us/iowa/ArticleReader?itemid=00003700&print=1|title=Why the Expansion of the 1990s Lasted So Long|publisher=Iowa Workforce Information Network|date=2006-08-21|accessdate=2007-08-16}}</ref> Kinaantakan[[Paula Jones|pokionuon mahkamah awam]] om [[Skandal Lewinsky|skandal seks]] papasabap do [[Pencabaran Bill Clinton|na'aga i Clinton]] di toun 1998, nga' nakalantoi isio do monoguang om papakakal do jawatan dau. [[Pilihan Raya Presiden Amerika Syarikat 2000|Pilihan raya presiden 2000]], i opitotos kopio id sajara AS, pinouyad di [[Bush v. Gore|koutuson Mahkamah Agung AS]] do i [[George W. Bush]], tanak di George H. W. Bush, nosiliu sabaagi presiden. Anatakan di [[Serangan 11 September 2001|11 Manom 2001]], gorongit [[al-Qaeda]] minanangod do [[World Trade Center]] id kakadayan tagayo New York City om [[The Pentagon]] somok do Washington, D.C., papasabap somok do tolu noribu tulun napatai.Sabaagi ponuli, kopimpinan Bush pipohimagon do [[Perang Terhadap Keganasan]] sompomogunan. Antakan di Gumas 2001, tantaraa AS minomuruan do [[Perang di Afghanistan (2001–kini)|sangod kumaa Afghanistan]]montok mamaratu do karajaan [[Taliban]] om mogihum do kiim pinludaan al-Qaeda; gisom baino, kakal po yolo sumangod do [[Pemberontakan Taliban|gurongit Taliban]] id suang do sangod gerila. Antakan di toun 2002, tumimpuun no karajaan Bush do monuhu [[perubahan rejim]] id Iraq gama do sabap-sabap di noponu do kontroversi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Many Europeans Oppose War in Iraq|work=USA Today|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-02-14-eu-survey.htm|date=2003-02-14|accessdate=2008-09-01}}{{cite web|author=Springford, John|title='Old’ and ‘New’ Europeans United: Public Attitudes Towards the Iraq War and US Foreign Policy|publisher=Centre for European Reform|url=http://www.cer.org.uk/pdf/back_brief_springford_dec03.pdf|month=December|year=2003|accessdate=2008-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040328182510/http://www.cer.org.uk/pdf/back_brief_springford_dec03.pdf|archivedate=2004-03-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miampai aiso sokodung do NATO toi ko' mandat PBB montok humompit id katantaraan, pinapaanjul o Bush do “[[Coalition of the willing|pilangatan puru di kasaga]]” (piralatan kasagaan); angkatan piralatan diti [[Serangan Iraq 2003|minanangod do Iraq]] di toun 2003 om nakalantoi do minamaratu diktator [[Saddam Hussein]]. Antakan di toun 2005, [[Taufan Katrina]] papasabap do kinorubakan soninaru do rantau [[Pantai Teluk Amerika Syarikat|Kotogisan Teluk]], gisom minomirumbak do kakadayan [[New Orleans]].Antakan di 4 Milau 2008, id suang do[[Kemelesetan akhir 2000-an|economic recession]], pinoingkakat i [[Barack Obama]] sabaagi presiden sakag Afrika kumoiso id AS. Antakan di toun 2010, minogintong isio do kopoindalanan ponginwoguan [[Pembaharuan penjagaan kesihatan di Amerika Syarikat|panamangan kolidasan]] om [[Pembaharuan Wall Street Dodd-Frank dan Akta Perlindungan Pengguna|sistem kousinan]] miampai agayo. [[Tumpahan minyak Deepwater Horizon|Kinaantakan miak nasaug ''Deepwater Horizon'']] id Teluk Mexico i nokotimpuun di Ngiop 2010 nokosiliu do koligaganan miak i bobos agayo id sajara pomogunan.<ref>{{cite news|author=|title=BP Oil Spill Is Now The Largest Ever In Gulf|publisher=CBS/Associated Press|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/07/01/national/main6636406.shtml|date=2010-07-01|accessdate=2010-07-01|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525210100/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/07/01/national/main6636406.shtml|archivedate=2012-05-25|url-status=live}}</ref> == Geografi == {{Main|Geografi Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:USATopographicalMap.jpg|left|thumb|Imej satelit i popokito do [[topografi]] [[tanah besar Amerika Syarikat]]]] Linaab tindal [[tanah besar Amerika Syarikat]] kiro-kiro 1.9 bilion ekar (770 riong hektar). Pogun Alaska i poinsuusuai mantad do gana tagayo miampai Kanada, nopo nga' pogun bobos tagayo miampai ginayo 365 riong ekar (150 riong hektar). Pogun Hawaii id iso kepulauan id pintangaan do Pasifik id kabaatan kotonobon Amerika Utara, kiharo lobi 4 riong ekar tanah (1.6 riong hektar).<ref>{{cite web|author=Lubowski, Ruben, Marlow Vesterby, and Shawn Bucholtz|url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/eib16/chapter1/1.1/|title=AREI Chapter 1.1: Land Use|publisher=Economic Research Service|date=2006-07-21|accessdate=2009-03-09|archive-date=2006-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060808222823/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/eib16/chapter1/1.1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' pogun kotolu toi ko' kaapat [[Senarai negara mengikut jumlah keluasan|bobos tagayo id ginumu kogoyoon]] (tindal om rahat), sumuhut do Rusia om Kanada, om hino id pogulu toi ko' dohuri do [[Republik Rakyat China|China]]. Amu oilaan kopio o kodudukan diti sbap do ponipangan duo wilayah ii pioduhan do China om [[India]], om ralan ponipangan ginumu kogoyoon Amerika Syarikat: CIA ''World Factbook'' pinopoilo do 3,794,101 watu piniapat (9,826,675&nbsp;km²),<ref name="WF">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html|title=United States|publisher=CIA|work=The World Factbook|date=2009-09-30|accessdate=2010-01-05 (area given in square kilometers)|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226055200/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>nga'Bahagian Statistik PBB pinopoilo {{convert|3717813|sqmi|km2|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2005/Table03.pdf|title=Population by Sex, Rate of Population Increase, Surface Area and Density|publisher=UN Statistics Division|work=Demographic Yearbook 2005|accessdate=2008-03-25 (area given in square kilometers)}}</ref> om ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' gives {{convert|3676486|sqmi|km2|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/616563/United-States|title=United States|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2008-03-25 (area given in square miles)}}</ref> Untuk ginayo tindal nogi, Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' kotolu agayo id dohuri do Rusia om China, nga' id gulu do Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208233209rn_1/education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/countrycompare/area/3d.html|title=World Factbook: Area Country Comparison Table|publisher=Yahoo Education|accessdate=2007-02-28}}</ref> [[Fail:Barns grand tetons.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banjaran Teton]], soboogian do [[Pergunungan Rocky]]]] Dataran disan rahat Atlantik manahak ralan kumaa gouton [[daun luruh]] ii osodu id dusok, om konuluhan id [[Piedmont (Amerika Syarikat)|Piedmont]]. [[Pergunungan Appalachian]] popitongkiad do rahat kosilahon miampai [[Tasik-Tasik Besar]]om gana kisakot [[Amerika Syarikat Barat Tengah|Midwest]]. [[Sungai Mississippi]]–[[Sungai Missouri|Missouri]], [[Senarai sungai mengikut kepanjangan|sistom baang kaapat bobos tanaru]] id pomogunan, lumuyung mantad koibutan kumaa kabaatan id taatanga do pogun. Kinoyonon [[prairie]] ii apatau om oruak id [[Great Plains]] kumaa kotonobon, nga' naapad do [[Tanah Tinggi Pedalaman Amerika Syarikat|iso kinoyonon gana takawas]] id kabaatan kosilahon. [[Pergunungan Rocky]], id disan kotonobon do Great Plains, poinguyad do pogun id koibutan gison kabaatan, nokorikot do altitud 14,000&nbsp;kaki (4,300&nbsp;m) id pogun do [[Colorado]]. Osodu id kotonobon, hinonggo poingiliu o [[Lembangan Besar]] ii kowotuan om kinoyonon gurun miagal do [[Gurun Mojave|Mojave]]. Banjaran nulu [[Sierra Nevada (Amerika Syarikat)|Sierra Nevada]] om [[Banjaran Cascade|Cascade]] nokorikot gisom id [[Pantai Barat Amerika Syarikar|kotogisan Pasifik]]. Id kinawas do 20,320&nbsp;kaki (6,194&nbsp;m), [[Gunung McKinley]] id Alaska nopo nga' timpak bobos takawas id pogun om nogi Amerika Utara. [[Gunung berapi]]poimpasi nopo nga' ogumu id kopulauan [[Kepulauan Alexander|Alexander]] om [[Kepulauan Aleut|Aleut]] id Alaska, om nogi kopulauan Hawaii. [[Gunung berapi super]] nopo nga' id siriba do [[Taman Negara Yellowstone]] id konuluhan Rocky nopo nga' kowoowoyoon nulu kitapui bobos tagayo id benua diti. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html|title=Supervolcano: What's Under Yellowstone?|author=O'Hanlon, Larry|publisher=Discovery Channel|accessdate=2007-06-13|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525210051/http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html|archivedate=2012-05-25|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fail:Haliaeetus leucocephalus2.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Helang botak]], tombolog kabansaan AS mantad po di toun 1782]] Gama do ginayo om kopogikaakawaan geografi, pogun Amerik Syarikat papahangkum do mogisuusuai kawo iklim. Id kosilahon [[meridian barat ke-100|meridian ko-100]], kowoowoyoon iklim nopo nga' [[Iklim kebenuaan lembap|kebenuaan asagub]] id koibutan gisom do [[Iklim subtropika lembap|subtropika asagub]] di selatan. Id tompok do kabaatan [[Florida]] nopo nga' kiiklim tropikas, miagal nogi id pogun Hawaii. Rantau Great Plains id kotonobon medidian ko-100 nopo nga' ki[[iklim separa gersang|iklim sampapas gersang]]. Kogumuan konuluhon id Kotonobon ki[[iklim alp]]. Id Lembangan Besar nopo nga' ki'iklim gersang, miagal nogi id kinoyonon Kabaatan Kotonobon, [[Iklim Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] id kotogisan [[California]], om [[Iklim lautan|karahatan]] id kotogisan [[Oregon]] om [[Negeri Washington|Washington]], om kabaatan Alaska. Soboogian tagayo do pogun Alaska kiiklim do kutub toi ko' subartik. Kowoowoyoon tawan di ototos kopio nopo nga' omu insaru awayaan - pogun-pogun id disan do [[Teluk Mexico]] kotoguang do [[Siklon tropika|tongustaufan]], om kogumuan [[puting beliung]] id pomogunan awayaan id pogun diti, lobi-lobi po [[Tornado Alley]] id Midwest.<ref>{{cite web|author=Perkins, Sid|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archivedate=2007-07-01|title=Tornado Alley, USA|accessdate=2006-09-20|date=2002-05-11|work=Science News|url-status=live}}</ref> Ekologi Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' "[[negara megadiversiti|megadiversiti]]": lobi kuang 17,000 spesies [[tumbuhan pembuluh]] haro id gana tagayo AS om Alaska, om lobi 1,800 spesies [[tumbuhan berbunga]] nabantalan id Hawaii, hinonggo soboogian tokoro nopo nga' id gana tagayo. <ref>{{cite web|author=Morin, Nancy|url=http://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf|title=Vascular Plants of the United States|publisher=National Biological Service|work=Plants|accessdate=2008-10-27}}</ref> Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' ionon lobi ko' 400 mamalia, 750 tombolog om 500 spesis reptilia om amfibia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdi.gov/curtis/TxTab4x1.html|title=Global Significance of Selected U.S. Native Plant and Animal Species|publisher=SDI Group|date=2001-02-09|accessdate=2009-01-20}}</ref> Lobi kuang 91,000 spesies songongi naanu do numaan porihalo id AS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm|title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals)|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=2009-01-20}}</ref> [[Akta Haiwan Terancam]] 1973 momogompi do spesies-spesies oumpuronok om habitat diti nopo nga' piintangan do [[Perkhidmatan Ikan dan Hidupan Liar Amerika Syarikat]]. Haro 58 [[Sistem Taman Negara Amerika Syarikat|taman pogun]] om ratusan taman suai om gouton pinoopi di surupuon do puru kikuasa porsokutuan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.nps.gov/applications/release/Detail.cfm?ID=639|title=National Park Service Announces Addition of Two New Units|publisher=National Park Service|date=2006-02-28|accessdate=2006-06-13}}</ref> Koinsanai nopo, kerajaan nopo nga' haro 28.8% ginayo do tindal pogun.<ref name=FL>{{cite web|url=http://johnshadegg.house.gov/rsc/Federal%20Land%20Ownership--May%202005.pdf|title=Federal Land and Buildings Ownership|publisher=Republican Study Committee|date=2005-05-19|accessdate=2009-03-09|archive-date=2010-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524171319/http://johnshadegg.house.gov/rsc/federal|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kogumuan kinoyonon dii nopo nga' [[Kawasan terlindung|umoligan]] nga' soboogian nopo nga' numaan pajako montok mongukad miak om gas, perlombongan, pongingkoyuan, toi ko' pomiaraan do lembu; 2.4% gunoon montok tudu katantaraan.<ref name=FL/> == Kerajaan == {{utama|Kerajaan persekutuan Amerika Syarikat|Pilihan raya di Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:Capitol Building Full View.jpg|thumb|right|Turos kotonobon [[Kapitol Amerika Syarikat]], i popoili do [[Kongres Amerika Syarikat]].]] Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' pogun [[persekutuan]] bobos talaid ii haro hiti id pogun. Pogun diti nopo nga' iso kerajaan [[republik berperlembagaan]] om [[demokrasi berperwakilan]], "hinonggo [[pemerintahan majoriti]] pinolomok do [[hak minoriti]] i umoligon do [[Undang-undang Amerika Syarikat|undang-undang]]."<ref>Scheb, John M., and John M. Scheb II (2002). ''An Introduction to the American Legal System''. Florence, KY: Delmar, p. 6. ISBN 0-7668-2759-3.</ref> Kerajaan AS manamong do sistom [[Pengasingan kuasa|pangantaban on ponipangan]] i natakrif do Perlembagaan AS, iso dokumen porundangan bobos takawas id pogun. Koubasan nopo, id sistom porsekutuan AS, mogigion nopo nga' moyo kumaa [[Pembahagian politik Amerika Syarikat|tolu taang kerajaan]], ii otutunan do porsekutuan, pogun om kinoyonon diri; tonggungan do [[Kerajaan tempatan di Amerika Syarikat|kerajaan kinoyonon]] binabak kumaa kerajaan [[Kaunti di Amerika Syarikat|kaunti]] om perbandaran. Koinsoruan, pegawai eksekutif om porundangan pinili do rakyat tumanud do [[sistem undi terbanyak|undian bobos togumu]] id monikid watas. Aiso [[perwakilan berkadar]]id taang porsekutuan, om okuri kopio orubaan id taang siriba. [[Fail:WhiteHouseSouthFacade.JPG|thumb|left|Turos kabaatan [[Rumah Putih]], kinoyonon kumaraja om tionon do [[Presiden Amerika Syarikat|presiden AS]].]] Kerajaan porsekutuan nopo nga' abaagi kumaa tolu rapang: * [[Perundangan]]: [[Kongres Amerika Syarikat|Kongres]] [[dwidewan]] ii abaagi kumaa [[Senat Amerika Syarikat|Senat]] om [[Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat|Dewan Perwakilan]], monggubal [[undang-undang persekutuan]], [[Pengisytiharan perang|mongisytihar pisangadan]], papasaga pibatasan, mongigit do [[kuasa kewangan]] om kuasa [[pencabaran]] montok mongidu jawatan surupu karajaan. * [[Eksekutif (kerajaan)|Eksekutif]]: [[Presiden Amerika Syarikat|Presiden]] nopo nga' [[panglima besar]] tantara, milo memveto [[rang undang-undang]] sobolum do gubalon, om popoingkakat do [[Kabinet Amerika Syarikat|surupu-surupu Kabinet]] (gisom norestu do Senat) om pegawai-pegawai suai i montadbir om monguatkuasa undang-undang om dasar-dasar kerajaan porsekutuan. * [[Kehakiman]]: [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Syarikat|Mahkamah Agung]] om [[Mahkamah persekutuan Amerika Syarikat|mahkamah-mahkamah persekutuan]] siriba, i pinoingkakat gompongotus do presiden miampai kasagaan Senat, mamarati do undang-undang om monimban undang-undang di noilaan do [[keperlembagaan|amu tumanud do porlembagaan]]. [[Fail:USSupremeCourtWestFacade.JPG|thumb|right|Turos Kotonobon [[Bangunan Mahkamah Agung Amerika Syarikat]].]] Dewan Perwakilan nopo nga' haro 435 tulun surupu mongundi, monikid tulun mongobi do iso [[daerah kongres|watas kongres]] montok penggal duo toun. Timpohon-timpohon Dewan pinotikid tumanud ginumu mogigion monikid pogun, insan monikid hopod toun. Tumanud do [[Banci Amerika Syarikat 2000|banci 2000]], turu pogun nopo nga' haro minimun iso mongobi, om California nopo nga' kiwaa 53 mongobi tu' ogumu kopio mogigion id pogun dii. Senat nopo nga' haro 100 surupu, duo tulun senator mantad monikid pogun, i pinili do toinsanan mogigion pogun montok penggal onom toun; iso pertolu timpohon Senat piboion id suang di pilian raya mitoyung sontoun. Presiden borkhidmat montok penggal apat taun om milo pilion au kolobi do induo. Presiden [[Pilihan raya presiden Amerika Syarikat|amu pinili miampai undian potilombus]], nga' maya do sistom [[Badan Pemilih Amerika Syarikat|badan pomilian]] au mitilombus, om hinonggo undian-undian pointantu pinotikid tumanud pogun. Mahkamah Agung i pinuruan do [[Ketua Hakim Amerika Syarikat]], haro siam surupu i borkhidmat solinaid poimpasi. Kerajaan pogun nogi nga' lobi kuang miagal o struktur dau; don pogun [[Nebraska]] no haro tinan porundangan [[ekadewan]]. [[Gabenor (Amerika Syarikat)|Gabenor]] (luguan eksekutif) monikid pogun pinili do mogigion miampai potilombus. Sasatanga gompongotus pogum om pegawai kabinet pinoingkakat do gabenor pogun sondii, om i suai nopo nga' pilion do pongundi. Toinsanan undang-undang om prosedur kerajaan tumanud kumaa ponoriukan kawagu do gompongotus. Hinggo-hinggo undang-undang i noilaan do amu koontok do Perlembagaan nopo nga' amu pasagaon. Teks mantad Porlembangaan nopo na' pinapatatap do struktur om tonggungan kerajaan porseketuan om pionitan miampai monikid pogun. [[Perkara Satu Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|Perkara Koiso]] mongumolig do "writ besar" [[habeas corpus]], om [[Perkara Tiga Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|Perkara Kotolu]] mamadamin do hak maganu [[perbicaraan juri]] montok toinsanan kes jenayah. [[Perkara Lima Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|Pindaan-pindaan id Porlembagaan]] nuru do kasagaan mantad tolu perapat pogun. Porlembagaan AS nokoundaliu soginumu in-27; hopod pongundolihan osopung i mombontuk do [[Perakuan Hak Amerika Syarikat|Perakuan Hak]], om [[Pindaan Keempat Belas Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat|Pindaan Kohopod om Apat]] mombontuk landas apangkal hak soosongulun warga AS. === Parti, ideologi, om politik === {{utama|Politik Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:President Ronald Reagan with Nancy Reagan During a Reception for Eureka College Scholarship Recipients and Meeting Donald Trump in The State Dining Room - DPLA - 8074576918fd9af6f210a4f30338f271.jpg|thumb|04 Magus 1983, Presiden AS ko-40 [[Ronald Reagan]] om [[Nancy Reagan]] minitabi miampai bakal Presiden AS ko-45 [[Donald Trump]] id [[Rumah Putih]]]] Politik Amerika Syarikat pinopointanga do [[sistem dua parti]] solinaid sajara. Montok jawatan pilion id kogumuan taang, [[pilihan raya pendahuluan]] tadbiran pogun momili mingkakat parti apangkal montok [pilihan raya umum]] potilombus. Mantad [[Pilihan raya umum Amerika Syarikat 1856|pilihan raya umum 1856]], parti-partiapangkal nopo nga' [[Parti Demokrat (Amerika Syarikat)|Parti Demokrat]] i pinoimagon di toun 1824, om [[Parti Republikan (Amerika Syarikat)|Parti Republikan]] i pinoimagon di toun 1854. Mantad Pisangadan Saudara, songulun no mingkakat presiden [[Parti ketiga (Amerika Syarikat)|parti kotolu]]—bagas presiden [[Theodore Roosevelt]] i miniala sabaagi surupu [[Parti Progresif (Amerika Syarikat, 1912)|Progresif]] id suang do [[Pilihan Raya Presiden Amerika Syarikat 1912|Pilihan Raya Presiden Amerika Syarikat 1912]]—nakalantoi soginumu 20% undian awam. Id suang do [[budaya politik]] AS, Parti Republikan nointangan sabaagi parti waya wanan tanga toi ko' "[[Konservatisme|konservatif]]", om Parti Demokrat waya gibang tanga toi ko' "[[Liberalisme|liberal]]". Pogun-pogun [[Amerika Syarikat Timur Laut|Koibutan Kosilahon]] om [[Amerika Syarikat Barat|Kotogisan Kotonobon]], om piipiro pogun [[Kawasan Tasik-Tasik Besar (Amerika Utara)|Tasik-Tasik Besar]], i otutunan do "pogun obulou", nantandasan do kikorotian liberal, kopiadang do "pogun aragang" id [[Amerika Syarikat Selatan|Kabaatan]] om soboogian [[Amerika Syarikat Barat Tengah|Dataran Tagayo]] om [[Amerika Syarikat Barat|Konuluhan Rocky]] i konservatif. ==Piboogian politik== {{Main|Negeri di Amerika Syarikat}} Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' iso koisaan [[persekutuan]] 50 pogun. 13 pogun mantad nopo nga' sakag do [[Tiga Belas Jajahan|13 koloni]] i sumongkiwal do pomorintaan British. Id kotimpuunon do sajara pogun, tolu pogun wagu nakaasil id suang do wilayah di binabak mantad pokionuon pogun-pogun haro mantad, i otutunan sabaagi do: [[Kentucky]] mantad [[Virginia]]; [[Tennessee]] mantad [[Carolina Utara]]; om [[Maine]] mantad [[Massachusetts]]. Kogumuan pogun-pogun suai noukab id suang do wilayah di naanu maya pisangadan toi ko' binoli do pomorinta AS. [[Vermont]], [[Texas]], om [[Hawaii]] nopo nga' koumbal nokosiliu do republik obibas sobolum sinumuang do koisaan diti. Maamaso [[Perang Saudara Amerika]], [[Virginia Barat]] sinumoliwan mantad pogun do Virginia. Toinsanan pogun [[Texas lwn White|aiso hak]] montok [[Pemisahan|sumoliwan]] mantad koisaan. Somok toinsanan tindal AS nion do pogun-pogun dau; om i lobi nopo nga' poinhangkum id Watas Columbia, [[daerah persekutuan|watas porsokutuan]] hinonggo hilo no o ibu pogun, Washington; om [[Atol Palmyra]], iso [[Wilayah di Amerika Syarikat|wilayah piomungan]] i aiso mogigion id Karahatan Pasifik. Haro nogi limo wilayah soborong rahat apangkal do AS i otutunan sabaagi do [[Puerto Rico]] om [[Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Syarikat]] id Karibia; om [[Samoa Amerika]], [[Guam]], om [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]] id Karahatan Pasifik. Isai-isai nopo i nosusu id wilayah-wilayah apangkal dii (suai ko' Samoa Amerika) mongigit do mamasok AS. Mogigion AS i poingion id wilayah-wilayah di nopo nga' onuan do ogumu hak om tonggungan di miagal do poingion id pogun-pogun, nga' poiduon kanto yolo do cukai koonuan porsekutuan, amu milo mongundi presiden, toi ko' haro [[Wakil (Kongres Amerika Syarikat)|mongobi miampai aiso kuasa undi id kongres]].<ref>Raskin, James B. (2003). ''Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court Vs. the American People''. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 36–38. ISBN 0-415-93439-7.</ref> {{USA midsize imagemap with state names}} ==Pionitan labus om tantara== {{main|Dasar luar Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:Secretary Pompeo Meets With Foreign Ministers of Japan and the Republic of Korea (49553449333).jpg|thumb|Setiausaha Pogun [[Mike Pompeo]] nokopiruba do Montiri Labus Pogun mantad [[Jepun]] om [[Korea Selatan]] id 15 Mansak 2020]]. Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' ogirot rahung dau id gana do ekonomi, politik om katantaraan id pointongkop pogun. AS diti nopo nga' iso surupu kakal do [[Majlis Keselamatan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu]]; id Kakadayan Tagayo New York hinonggo pogiliu di [[Ibu Pejabat Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Ibu Pejabat]] [[UN]]. Nokosiliu o AS sabaagi surupu tinimungan [[G8]], [[G20]], om [[Pertubuhan Kerjasama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]] (OECD). Osomok no do toinsanan pogun id pomogunan mingongukab do [[Senarai misi diplomatik di Amerika Syarikat|kedutaan]] id Washington, D.C., om nogi [[konsulat]] mantad pointongkop pogun. Mantad dii, osomok do toinsanan pogun haro pinopoiliu do [[Senarai misi diplomatik Amerika Syarikat|misi diplomatik AS]]. Pogun-pogun di aiso id pionitan diplomatik miampai AS kohompit no [[Hubungan Cuba-Amerika Syarikat|Cuba]], [[Iran]], [[Korea Utara]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sudan]], om [[Republik China]] ([[Taiwan]]). AS nopo nga' haro "[[hubungan istimewa]]" miampai [[Hubungan United Kingdom-Amerika Syarikat|United Kingdom]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/04/content_10937866.htm|title=Obama Highlights U.S.-Britain Special Relationship|accessdate=2010-11-03|publisher=Xinhua News Agency| date=2009-03-03}}</ref> om nogi piromutan di ogirot miampai [[Kanada]],[[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Jepun]], [[Korea Selatan]] om [[Hubungan Amerika Syarikat-Israel|Israel]]. Ogirot nogi pisokodungan diolo miampai do surupu-surupu [[NATO]] di suai kokomoi do isu-isu katantaraan om koumoligan, om nogi miampai pogun-pogun sampaping maya do [[Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Amerika]] dan [[Perjanjian perdagangan bebas Amerika Syarikat|pibatasan pordagangan obibas]] miagal do [[Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Amerika Utara]] miampai Kanada om [[Mexico]]. Antakan di toun 2008, pinopotunui o AS do porbelanjaan oborisi soginumu $25.4 bilion montok [[bantuan pembangunan rasmi|ponguhupan pombangunan rasmi]], i bobos ogumu id pomogunan. Hali pia miagal di, sabaagi pogiilangan do [[pendapatan negara kasar|koonuan pogun kasar]], ponoluadan AS soginumu 0.18% nopo nga' bobos tosiriba kopiadang do 22 pogun monoluod suai. Nga' ginumu do tinahak miampai minsoosondii do mogigion Amerika nopo nga' arayou kopio.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shah, Anup|title=US and Foreign Aid Assistance|date=2009-04-13|publisher=GlobalIssues.org|url=http://www.globalissues.org/article/35/us-and-foreign-aid-assistance|accessdate=2009-10-11}}</ref> [[Fail:USS Abraham Lincoln(CVN 72).jpg|thumb|left|[[Kapal induk pesawat udara]] [[USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)|USS ''Abraham Lincoln'']]]] Presiden mongigit do jawatan panglima tagayo montok toinsanan angkatan kisanjata pogun i popoingkakat do luguan diolo, [[Setiausaha Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat|Setiausaha Pertahanan]] om [[Ketua Turus Bersama|Luguan Turus Miampai]]. [[Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat]] montadbir angkatan-angkatan kisanjata, kohompit no do [[Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat|Tantara Tindal]], [[Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat|Rahat]], [[Tentera Marin Amerika Syarikat|Marin]], om [[Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat|Udara]]. Tinimungan [[Pengawal Pantai Amerika Syarikat|Mongungumolig Kotogisan]] pinoindalan do [[Jabatan Keselamatan Tanah Air Amerika Syarikat|Jabatan Koumoligan Pogun]] antakan do timpu di otoronong om [[Jabatan Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat|Jabatan Tantara Rahat]] maamaso sangod. Antakan di toun 2008, soginumu 1.4 riong surupu di aktif popoindalan do tonggungan diolo id suang do angkatan kisanjata. Kohompit nogi do [[Komponen Simpanan Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Syarikat|Tentera poingopi]] om [[Pengawal Negara Amerika Syarikat|Mongungumolig Pogun]], ginumu surupu tantara pogun nopo nga' 2.3 riong. Jabatan Mongumolig nogi nga' maganu do tenaga lobi kuang 700,000 tulun ginumuan, amu kohompit do kontraktor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2009/May%202009/0509facts_fig.pdf|title=The Air Force in Facts and Figures (Armed Forces Manpower Trends, End Strength in Thousands)|work=Air Force Magazine|date=Mei 2009|accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> Khidmat tantara id AS nopo nga' miampai osontob, nga' [[Kerahan tentera di Amerika Syarikat|ponuhuan kumaa tantara]] milo poindalanon maamaso sangod maya do [[Selective Service System]]. Tantara AS milo uludon o kinoyonon miampai ogumu id timpu di osikap do armada pesawatan sasakayon Tantara Udara, kapal induk pesawat Tantara Rahat, om [[Unit Ekspedisi Marin]] id rahat om armada Tantara Rahat id Atlantik om Pasifik. Tantara AS manamong 865 pangkalan om koumatan id labus pogun,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/pubs/BSR_2008_Baseline.pdf|title=Base Structure Report, Fiscal Year 2008 Baseline|publisher=Department of Defense|accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> om mongulud lobi do 1.4 riong soudor id pogun suai om nogi id rahat, kohompit no 25 pogun miampai lobi ko' 100 surupu aktif.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf|title=Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A)|publisher=Department of Defense|date=2010-03-31|accessdate=2010-10-07}}</ref> Kinoinlaaban do kinorikatan tantara AS id poinggonop pogun papasabap do AS nopo nga' noroitan sabaagi do mananamong do "empayar pangkalan."<ref>{{cite web|author=Ikenberry, G. John|url=http://people.cas.sc.edu/rosati/ttp.ikenberry.empirereviews.fa.march04.htm|title=Illusions of Empire: Defining the New American Order|work=Foreign Affairs|date=Mac/April 2004|access-date=2010-11-20|archive-date=2012-05-25|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525210055/http://people.cas.sc.edu/rosati/ttp.ikenberry.empirereviews.fa.march04.htm|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|author=Kreisler, Harry, and Chalmers Johnson|url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/CJohnson/cjohnson-con3.html|title=Conversations with History|publisher=University of California at Berkeley|date=2004-01-29|accessdate=2007-06-21}}</ref> Ginumu porbalanjaan katantaraan AS di toun 2008 nopo nga' lobi $600 bilion, i kolobi do 41% porbolanjaan katantaraan sompomogunan om lobi agayo mantad ko' ginumu koonuan katantaraan 14 pogun tagayo di potilombus. Porbalanjaan per kapita nopo nga' $1,967, lobi kuang do insiam do purata sompomogunan, om lebih kurang sembilan kali purata dunia; id 4% KDNK, kadar diti nopo nga' koduo bobos takawas kopiadang do 15 pogun suai di bobos ogumu balanja id suang do katantaraan, sumuhut do mengekori [[Arab Saudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/15majorspenders|title=The Fifteen Major Spender Countries in 2008|publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> ==Ekonomi== === Koonuan om Koburuon Sosongulun === Tumanud do [[Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat]], [[median pendapatan isi rumah|median koonuan sanwalai]] sobolum do cukai di toun 2007 nopo nga' $49,777. Tumanud tinaru nopo, suang walai id Asia nopo nga' nakaanu median $65,469 om suang walai id Afrika nopo nga' $32,584.<ref name=CBPR09/> Miampai momoguno do kadar kosimbanan [[pariti kuasa beli]], koinsanan median nopo nga' kopiagal do tinimungan bobos kiharo-haro id pogun di nokoburu. Kalapas do ogumu kinatatakan di pintangaan abad ko-20, [[Kemiskinan di Amerika Syarikat|kadar komiskinan]] AS nopo nga' nakapatau tintod do kotimpuunon 1970-an, miampai 11-15% mogigion AS id siriba do [[koimpaon komiskinan]] monikid toun, om 58.5% nokoumbal do nakawayan komiskinan solinaid lobi kuang do sontoun id pialatan do umul do 25 gisom 27 toun.<ref name="USCB IP&HIC 2007">{{cite web|author=DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica Smith|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/p60-235.pdf|format=PDF|title=Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2007|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|month=August|year=2008|accessdate=2008-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hacker|first=Jacob S.|year=2006|title=The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0195335341}}</ref> Antakan di toun 2009, 43.6 riong tulun Amerika id suang do komiskinan.<ref name=CBPR09/> Pinotoluod do kebajikan AS nopo nga' id pialatan di amu kopio ababasan id pialatan do pogun nokoburu, montok no do mongingkuri do [[Ketidaksamaan ekonomi|komiskinan relatif]] om [[Ambang kemiskinan|mutlak]] id kadar di okuri mantad min pogun kiharo-haro,<ref name="Sme">Smeeding, T. M. (2005). "Public Policy: Economic Inequality and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective." ''Social Science Quarterly'' 86, 955–983.</ref><ref>Kenworthy, L. (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" ''Social Forces'' 77(3), 1119–1139. Bradley, D., E. Huber, S. Moller, F. Nielsen, and J. D. Stephens (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies" ''American Sociological Review'' 68(1), 22–51.</ref> nga' porbelanjaan sosial swasta om swasta per kapita lobi akawas mantad [[negara-negara Nordik|pogun-pogun Nordik]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fishback|first=Price V.|date=Mei 2010|title=Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and the Nordic Countries: 1900–2003|journal=NBER Working Paper series|volume=15982|url=http://papers.nber.org/papers/w15982}}</ref> Walaupun kebajikan AS berkesan dalam mengurangkan kemiskinan di kalangan warga emas,<ref>Orr, D. (November–December, 2004). "Social Security Isn't Broken: So Why the Rush to 'Fix' It?" In C. Sturr and R. Vasudevan, eds. (2007). ''Current Economic Issues''. Boston: Economic Affairs Bureau.</ref> nga' komulakan nopo nga' okuri kaanu do kouhupan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=a_new_deal_of_their_own|author=Starr, Paul|date=2008-02-25|title=A New Deal of Their Own|work=American Prospect|accessdate=2008-07-24|archive-date=2008-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505021735/http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=a_new_deal_of_their_own|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ponoriukan kokomoi kotoronongon tangaanak i pinoindalan do [[UNICEF]] id 21 pogun di toun 2007, popoiliu do AS id tukad koduo kotohuri.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/13_02_07_nn_unicef.pdf|title=Child Poverty in Perspective: An Overview of Child Well-Being in Rich Countries|author=UNICEF|work=BBC|year=2007|accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> === Sains om teknologi === [[Fail:Buzz salutes the U.S. Flag.jpg|thumb|Angkasawan [[Buzz Aldrin]] maamaso [[pendaratan di Bulan|kinotompoon tulun kumoiso id tulan]], 1969]] AS nopo nga' ponoraju ponoriukan sains om inovasi teknologi mantad po di koompokon abad ko-19. Antakan di toun 1876, nakaanu i [[Alexander Graham Bell]] do paten kumoiso AS montok pinamansayan [[telefon]] disio. <ref name="WDL2">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/es/item/11375/ |title = Cuaderno del laboratorio de Alexander Graham Bell, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-23 }}</ref> Makmal [[Thomas Edison]] minomonsoi do [[peti nyanyi]], [[mentol lampu pijar|mentol lampu atahan do alaid]] di kumoiso, om [[Kinetoscope|kamera filem]] kumoiso di nokoingkakat. [[Nikola Tesla]] pinopointutun do [[arus ulang-alik]], [[motor AC]], om [[radio]]. Di koimpuunon do abad ko-20, porusahaan korita [[Ransom E. Olds]] om [[Henry Ford]] pinopoburu do [[barisan pemasangan]]. Antakan di toun 1903, pinoposuat do sajara o [[Wright bersaudara]] miampai pinapalantoi do [[jentera terbang pertama|ponuludan kikuasa pointamong om potilombus di kumoiso miampai jentera di lobi awagat mantad ko' tongus]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Benedetti, François|url=http://www.fai.org/news_archives/fai/000295.asp|title=100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality|publisher=Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI)|date=2003-12-17|accessdate=2007-08-15|archive-date=2007-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912065254/http://www.fai.org/news_archives/fai/000295.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kinoingkakaton do [[Nazi]] di toun 1930-an papasabap do ogumu saintis Eropah miagal di [[Albert Einstein]] om [[Enrico Fermi]] minundaliu id AS. Maamaso Sangod Pogun Kumoduo, pinopoingkakat o [[Projek Manhattan]] do sanjata nuklear, om hiti no nokotimpuun o [[Zaman Atom]]. [[Perlumbaan Angkasa]] pinopoimbulai do koburuon id suang do sains roket, [[sains bahan|kakamot sains]], om komputer. Ogumu nogi toluod nowonsoi do AS kumaa pamansayan do [[ARPANET]] om sukod dau, iri nopo nga' [[Internet|Intonit]]. Baino, kogumuan do dana ponoriukan om koburuon, soginumu 64%, tinahak do sektor swasta.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2008/tables/08s0775.xls | title = Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures by Source and Objective: 1970 to 2004 | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | accessdate = 2007-06-19 }}</ref> Ogumu mogigion AS momoguno do kakamot kiterknologi,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_tel_percap-media-televisions-per-capita | title = Media Statistics: Televisions (per capita) by Country | publisher = NationMaster |month=December | year=2003}} {{cite web | url = http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_per_com_percap-media-personal-computers-per-capita | title = Media Statistics > Personal Computers (per capita) by Country | publisher = NationMaster |month=December | year=2003}} {{cite web | url = http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_rad_percap-media-radios-per-capita | title = Media Statistics > Radios (per capita) by Country | publisher = NationMaster | month = December | year = 2003 | accessdate = 2007-06-03 }}</ref> om lobi kuang opintanga o mogigion sanwalain id poinggonop AS do nakaanu koumatan [[Internet jalur lebar]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://adage.com/digital/article?article_id=116136 | title = Download 2007 Digital Fact Pack | date=2007-04-23| work = Advertising Age | accessdate = 2007-06-10 }}</ref> pogun diti nopo nga' pogun di popoburu om pananom apangkal montok [[makanan ubah suai genetik|taakanon sinimbanan o genetik]] i papaasil do satanga mantad ko' tinanom bioteknologi sompomogunan.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/39/download/isaaa-brief-39-2008.pdf | title = ISAAA Brief 39-2008: Executive Summary—Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2008 | publisher = International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications |page=15| accessdate = 2010-07-16 }}</ref> === Sasakayon === [[Fail:Map of current Interstates.svg|thumb|[[Interstate Highway System|Sistem Lebuhraya Antara Negeri]] i nokorikot do {{convert|46876|mi|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Interstate FAQ (Question #3) |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |year=2006 |url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.htm#question3 |accessdate=2009-03-04}}</ref>]] Korita nopo nga' iso kawo sasakayon soosongulun monikid tadau i bobos alaab kopio pomogunoon id AS. Di toun 2003, soginumu 759 korita kimotor per 1,000 tulun AS, kaadang do 472 tinan porsoribu mogigion id Koisaan Eropah di toun potilombus. <ref>{{cite web | url =http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=STAT/06/125| title =Car Free Day 2006: Nearly One Car per Two Inhabitants in the EU25 in 2004| date=2006-09-19|publisher =Europa, Eurostat Press Office| accessdate = 2007-08-15 }}</ref> Lobi kuang 40% korita soosongulun id AS nopo nga' van, [[Kenderaan utiliti sukan|SUV]], toi ko' luri aga'an.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/section_01.html|title =Household, Individual, and Vehicle Characteristics|publisher =U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics|work =2001 National Household Travel Survey|accessdate =2007-08-15|archive-date =2007-09-29|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125403/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/section_01.html|url-status =dead}}</ref> Koubasan do tulun nosukod id AS (kohompit no papadalan om sumakai do korita) magawi timpu 55 minit mongigit do korita solinaid {{convert|29|mi|km|0}} monikid tadau.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/section_02.html|title =Daily Passenger Travel|publisher =U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics|work =2001 National Household Travel Survey|accessdate =2007-08-15|archive-date =2007-09-29|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125646/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/section_02.html|url-status =dead}}</ref> Toinsanan industri ponuludan awan AS nopo nga' sanganu do swasta, nga' kogumuan lapangan tumulud tapangkal nopo nga' sanganu awam. Apat sistom tutuludan tagayo di pogun mantad do ginumu susumakai nopo nga' mantad AS; [[Southwest Airlines]] nopo nga' numbul koiso.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/wats-passenger-carried.htm| title =Scheduled Passengers Carried (2008 data)|publisher=International Air Transport Association (IATA)|accessdate=2009-06-27}}</ref> 30 lapangan tulud di bobos osibuk id pogun, 16 id AS, kohompit di osibuk kopio, nopo nga' [[Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airports.org/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__|title=Passenger Traffic 2006 Final|publisher=Airports Council International|date=2007-07-18|accessdate=2007-08-15}}</ref> Hali pia' ogumu pomogunaan do koritapui montok momirangkat do kakamot, nga' okuri tulun do momili sumakai do rel, sundung pia id labus kakadayan toi ko' id labus kakadayan.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-07-15 | title = Intercity Passenger Rail: National Policy and Strategies Needed to Maximize Public Benefits from Federal Expenditures| date=2006-11-13| publisher = U.S. Government Accountability Office| accessdate = 2007-06-20 }}</ref> [[Pengangkutan awam|Sasakayon undolihon massa]] nopo nga' monoluod do 9% ginimu pamanahon kalaja AS, kopiadang do 38.8% id Eropah.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/vtc/documents/TOD.Euro-Style_Planning-Renne-Wells.pdf | format = PDF | author = Renne, John L., and Jan S. Wells | title = Emerging European-Style Planning in the United States: Transit-Oriented Development (p. 2) | year = 2003 | publisher = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | accessdate = 2007-06-11 | archive-date = 2014-09-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140912143021/http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/vtc/documents/TOD.Euro-Style_Planning-Renne-Wells.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> Pomogunoon bosikol id pogun diti nogi nga' okuri kopio, okuri mantad ko' id Eropah.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.transalt.org/files/resources/other/010901TQpdf021.pdf|author=Pucher, John, and Lewis Dijkstra| title = Making Walking and Cycling Safer: Lessons from Europe | month=February | year=2000| publisher = Transportation Alternatives |work=Transportation Quarterly | accessdate = 2007-08-15}}</ref> === Tanaga === [[Fail:Coal mine Wyoming.jpg|thumb|Lombong arang id [[Wyoming]]. Soginumu 27% tangud poingopi sompomogunan id AS.<ref name="BPReview">{{cite web | url = http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2007/STAGING/local_assets/downloads/spreadsheets/statistical_review_full_report_workbook_2007.xls | title = BP Statistical Review of World Energy | publisher = British Petroleum | format = XLS | month = Jun | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2010-02-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206104056/http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2007/STAGING/local_assets/downloads/spreadsheets/statistical_review_full_report_workbook_2007.xls | archivedate = 2009-02-06 | url-status = live }}</ref>]] Pamadagangan tanaga Amerika Syarikat soginumu 29,000 [[Jam watt|jam terawatt]] sontoun. [[Senarai negara mengikut penggunaan tenaga per kapita|Pomogunaan tanaga per kapita]] nopo nga' 7.8&nbsp;tan kopiagalan do miak sontoun, kopiadang do 4.2&nbsp;tan id Jerman om 8.3&nbsp;tan id Kanada. Di toun 2005, 40% tanaga AS naanu mantad do petroleum, 23% mantad tangud, om 22% mantad gas asli; i wookon nopo nga' naanu mantad kuasa nuklear om toud [[tenaga boleh baharu|tanaga di milo inwoguan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_3.pdf|title= Diagram 1: Energy Flow, 2007|work=EIA Annual Energy Review 2007 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Information Administration|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> AS nopo nga' pongguno petroleum bobos tagayo id pomogunan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.html|title=Rank Order—Oil (Consumption)|publisher=CIA|work=The World Factbook|date=2007-09-06|accessdate=2007-09-14|archive-date=2013-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504153025/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Berpuluh toun linaid, [[kuasa nuklear]] nopo nga' mongigit do tonggungan di okoro sokiro piadangon miampai pogun nokoburu suai; gama do persepsi awam kokomoi do [[kemalangan Three Mile Island|Koligaganan Three Mile Island]] di toun 1979. == Demografi == {{utama|Demografi Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png|thumb|right|350px|Largest ancestry groups by county, 2000.]] Tumanud do [[Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat]], ginumu nopo mogigion id AS nga' {{formatnum:{{data United States | Poptoday }} }},<ref name="POP">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|title=U.S. POPClock Projection}} Porangkaan noinwoguan miampai automatik.</ref> kohompit no lobi kuang 11.2 riong [[Pendatang asing tanpa izin di Amerika Syarikat|rurumikot pogoduhan]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cis.org/articles/2008/back808.pdf| author = Camarota, Steven A., and Karen Jensenius| title = Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population| month = July| year = 2008| publisher = Center for Immigration Studies| accessdate = 2008-08-06| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080809030605/http://www.cis.org/articles/2008/back808.pdf| archivedate = 2008-08-09| url-status = live}}</ref> Sabaagi pogun kotolu bobos ogumu mogigion id pomogunan, sumuhut do [[Republik Rakyat China|China]] om [[India]], AS nopo nga' iso no pogun industri i popoinlaab do kosunion mogigion di agayo.<ref name="PRC">{{cite web|url=http://www.prcdc.org/summaries/uspopperspec/uspopperspec.html|title=Executive Summary: A Population Perspective of the United States|publisher=Population Resource Center|month=May|year=2000|accessdate=2007-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604165856/http://www.prcdc.org/summaries/uspopperspec/uspopperspec.html|archivedate=2007-06-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> miampai [[kadar kelahiran|kadar kosusuon]] 13.82 per 1,000, 30% id siriba purata pomogunan, kadar [[pertumbuhan penduduk|kosunion do mogigion]] nopo nga' 0.98%, lobi akawas kopiadang do Eropah Barat, Jepun om Korea Selatan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html|title=Rank Order—Birth Rate|publisher=CIA|work=The World Factbook|year=2009|accessdate=2009-10-11|archive-date=2013-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309174328/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Id fiskal toun 2009, 1.1 milion imigran noonuan do [[United States Permanent Resident Card|mogigion poinsaga]].<ref>[http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/lpr_fr_2009.pdf “U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 2009”]. [[Office of Immigration Statistics]] ''Annual Flow Report.''</ref> Mexico nokosiliu do gama tagayo montok mogigion wagu mantad do 20 toun di nakatalib; mantad do 1998, China, India, om Filipina nogi nga' sinumuang id apat pogun di bobos ogumu mogigion id AS.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR07.shtm|title=Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Years 1998 to 2007 (Table 3)|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security|accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref> AS nopo nga' haro o [[masyarakat pelbagai etnik|mogikaakawo o tinaru]]; 31 tinimungan do sinakagon id pogun diti nopo nga' poposuat do lobi sonriong o surupu.<ref name="An2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf|title=Ancestry 2000|publisher=U.S.Census Bureau|month=June|year=2004|accessdate=2007-06-13}}</ref> [[Orang Amerika Putih|Tinaru kikulit opurak]] nopo nga' [[ras|tinimungan ras]] bobos tagayo id AS; sakag [[Orang Amerika Jerman|Jerman]], [[Orang Amerika Ireland|Ireland]], om [[Orang Amerika Inggeris|Inggiris]] nopo nga' tolu mantad apat tinimungan sakag bobos tagayo id pogun diti.<ref name="An2000"/> [[Orang Amerika Afrika|Tulun Amerika Afrika]] nopo nga' [[kelompok minoriti|minoriti ras]] bobos tagayo om tinimungan sakag kotolu tagayo id AS.<ref name="An2000"/><ref name="Cen2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/NC-EST2008-srh.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NC-EST2008-03)| publisher = U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division | date = 2009-05-01| accessdate = 2009-07-23}}</ref> [[Orang Amerika Asia|Tulun Amerika Asia]] nopo nga' minoriti raskoduo tagayo id pogun; duo tinimungan tinaru Amerika Asia di bobos tagayo nopo nga' [[Orang Cina di Amerika Syarikat|Cina]] om [[Orang Amerika Filipina|Filipina]].<ref name="An2000"/> Di toun 2008, lobi kuang 4.9 riong mogigion AS nopo nga' kiraha do [[Pribumi Amerika Syarikat|Momogun]] toi ko' [[orang asli Alaska|tulun sandad Alaska]] (kohompit no 3.1 riong di poinsandad kopio) om nogi 1.1 riong kiraha [[orang asli Hawaii|tulun sandad Hawaii]] toi ko' [[Orang Amerika Pulau Pasifik|Pulou Pasifik]] (0.6 riong i poinsandad).<ref name="Cen2008"/> {|class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 240px;" |- style="background:#f5f5f5;" ! colspan="2" | Pamabakan ras/tinaru id AS (2008)<ref name="Cen2008"/> |- | [[Orang Amerika Putih|Opurak]] || style="text-align: center;" |79.8% |- | [[Orang Amerika Afrika|Oitom]] || style="text-align: center;" |12.8% |- | [[Orang Amerika Asia|Asia]] || style="text-align: center;" |4.5% |- | [[Pribumi Amerika Syarikat|Indian]] om [[Orang Asli Alaska|Tulun Sandad Alaska]] || style="text-align: center;" |1.0% |- | [[Orang Asli Hawaii]] dom [[Orang Amerika Pulau Pasifik|Pulou Pasifik]] || style="text-align: center;" |0.2% |- | [[Orang Amerika Pelbagai Kaum|Duo toi ko' lobi ras]] || style="text-align: center;" | 1.7% |- | [[Orang Amerika Hispanik dan Latino|Hispanik]] (''hinggo-hinggo ras'') || style="text-align: center;" |15.4% |} Kinosunion mogigion [[orang Amerika Hispanik dan Latino| tulun Amerika Hispanik om Latino]] nopo nga' [[Peralihan demografi|arah aliran demografi]] di tagayo. 46.9 riong tulun AS sinakagon do Hispanik<ref name="Cen2008"/> pinatantu do Biro Banci sabaagi piilangan do "[[Ras dan etnik dalam Banci Amerika Syarikat|tinaru]]" i poinsondii; 64% tulun AS Hispanik diti [[Orang Amerika Mexico|sinakagon do Mexico]].<ref name=CB2007>{{cite web | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G2000_B03001&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=04000US48&-format=&-_lang=en&-SubjectID=15233304 | title = B03001. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin | work = 2007 American Community Survey | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | accessdate = 2008-09-26 | archive-date = 2020-02-12 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212040125/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G2000_B03001&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=04000US48&-format=&-_lang=en&-SubjectID=15233304 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Mantad di toun 2000 gisom 2008, ginumu tulun Hispanik id pogun diti nokoingkawas soginumu 32%, kopiadang do mogigion okon ko' Hispanik i nokoingkawas soginumu 4.3% no.<ref name="Cen2008"/> Kinoingkawason diti gama do koundolihon; di toun 2007, 12.6% tulun AS nopo nga' nosusu id labus pogun; 54% kinosusuon di nopo nga' mantad do [[Amerika Latin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/pop.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|work=Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009| title=Tables 41 and 42—Native and Foreign-Born Populations|accessdate = 2009-10-11}}</ref> Koruakan diti nopo nga' nosiliu do gama; purata 3.0 buragang nosusu mantad do songulun tama Hispanik, kopiadang do 2.2 montok kulit oitom okon ko' Hispanik om 1.8 montok kulit topurak okon ko' Hispanik (id siriba [[kadar gantian]] 2.1)<ref name="PRC"/> [[Kelompok minoriti|Tinimungan minoriti]] (miagal di pinarati do Biro Banci, toinsanan suai ko' kulit opurak nopo nga' okon ko' mirolot, okon ko' Hispanik) mombontuk 34% ginumu do mogigion AS, nga' lumaab sumiliu do majoriti montok toun 2042.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/012496.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822044429/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/012496.html|archivedate=2008-08-22|title=An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|date=2008-08-14|accessdate=2008-09-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Lobi kuang 82% mogigion AS poingion id [[kawasan bandar|kakadayan tagayo]] (miagal di pinosunud do Biro Banci, kohompit no [[subbanda]]);<ref name="WF"/> kobi kuang sampapas mantad diolo poingion id kakadayan miampai lobi 50,000 mogigion.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en| title = United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area (GCT-P1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000)| publisher = U.S. Census Bureau| date = 2000-04-01| accessdate = 2008-09-23| archive-date = 2020-02-12| archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212044207/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en| url-status = dead}}</ref> Antakan di toun 2008, 273 [[Senarai bandar raya Amerika Syarikat mengikut jumlah penduduk|pomuwalayan nowonsoi]] nion do lobi 100,000 tulun, siam kakadayan tagayo nion do lobi sonriong tulun, om apat [[bandar raya global|kakadayan tagayo global]] nion do lobi 2 riong tulun ([[Bandar Raya New York|Kakadayan Tagayo New York]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]], om [[Houston]]).<ref name=PopEstBigCities>{{cite web|url=http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/census/popestimate/copy_of_2008-subcounty-population-hawaii/SUB_EST2008_01.pdf|format=PDF|title=Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008|work=2008 Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division|date=2009-07-01|accessdate=2009-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231452/http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/census/popestimate/copy_of_2008-subcounty-population-hawaii/SUB_EST2008_01.pdf|archivedate=2013-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kiikiro 52 [[Jadual Kawasan Statistik Metropolitan Amerika Syarikat|tionon metropolitan (kakadayan tagayo)]] i nion do lobi sonriong do tulun.<ref name=PopEstMSA>{{cite web | url = http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/census/popestimate/2008_MSA_Hawaii/CBSA_EST2008_05.pdf | format = PDF | title = Table 5. Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008 | work = 2008 Population Estimates | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | date = 2009-03-19 | accessdate = 2009-10-11 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130424233110/http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/census/popestimate/2008_MSA_Hawaii/CBSA_EST2008_05.pdf | archivedate = 2013-04-24 | url-status = dead }}</ref> {{Largest Metropolitan Areas of the United States}} {{-}} === Boros === {|class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 200px;" |- style="background:#f5f5f5;" !colspan="2"|Boros id AS (2007)<ref name="USCB Lang">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0053.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|work=Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010|title=Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref> |- |[[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggiris]] (''no'')||style="text-align: center;"|225.5 riong |- |[[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]], kohompit no [[Bahasa kreol|kreol]]||style="text-align: center;"|34.5 riong |- |[[Bahasa Cina|Sina]]||style="text-align: center;"|2.5 riong |- |[[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]], kohompit no [[Bahasa kreol|kreol]]||style="text-align: center;"|2.0 riong |- |[[Bahasa Tagalog|Tagalog]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.5 riong |- |[[Bahasa Vietnam|Vietnam]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.2 riong |- |[[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.1 riong |- |[[Bahasa Korea|Korea]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.1 riong |} [[Bahasa Inggeris|Boros Inggiris]] nopo nga' [[bahasa kebangsaan|boros Kabansaan]] [[de facto]] Amerika Syarikat. Hali pia aiso [[bahasa rasmi|boros rasmi]] di nakatatap do karajaan porsokutuan, nga' haro undang-undang di popiagal do pomogunoon boros Inggiris miagal do [[Undang-undang kewarganegaraan Amerika Syarikat|kominagan naturalisasi AS]]. Di toun 2007, lobi kuang 226 riong, toi ko' 80% mogigion kiumur do limo toun om potilombus nopo nga' mooboros id boros Inggiris no id Walai. [[Bahasa Sepanyol di Amerika Syarikat|Boros Sepanyol]] i boros do 12% mogigion id walai, nopo nga' boros kumoduo i gunoon id AS, om mato balajalan [[bahasa kedua|boros kumoduo]] i bobos ogumu po'ia'on id pogun diti.<ref name="USCB Lang"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf| title = Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning| date = 2002| publisher = MLA| accessdate = 2006-10-16| archive-date = 2008-08-03| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080803020358/http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> Piipiro tulun AS poposogu do poposiliu boros Inggiris sabaagi do boros rasmi pogun, miagal di numaan do lobi kuang 28 pogun.<ref name=ILW>{{cite web|author=Feder, Jody| url = http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2007,0515-crs.pdf| title = English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress|date=2007-01-25| publisher = Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service)| accessdate = 2007-06-19}}</ref> Koduo-duo boros [[Bahasa Hawaii|Hawaii]] om Inggeris nokosiliu do boros rasmi maya undang-undang pogun Hawaii.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html|title=The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4| publisher=Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau|date=1978-11-07|accessdate=2007-06-19}}</ref> Id [[New Mexico]], haro undang-undang i manahak do pomogunaan boros Inggiris om Sepanyol, miagal nogi id [[Louisiana]] montok boros Inggiris om Perancis, sundung pia koduo-duo pogun diti amu pinapatatap do boros rasmi.<ref>{{cite book| author =Dicker, Susan J. | title = Languages in America: A Pluralist View |year=2003|pages=216, 220–25 | location =Clevedon, UK| publisher = Multilingual Matters|isbn=1853596515}}</ref> Pogun-pogun suai nopo nga' poponuru do ponorbitan dokumen karajaan id suang do boros Sepanyol, kohompit no mahkamah, miagal do id [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30|title=California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)|publisher=Legislative Counsel, State of California|accessdate=2007-12-17|archive-date=2010-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722010302/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|url=http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm|title=California Judicial Council Forms|publisher=Judicial Council, State of California|accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> Apat wilayah kopulauan AS manahak do pongokunan rasmi kumaa boros momogun sondii om nogi boros Inggiris: boros-boros [[Bahasa Samoa|Samoa]] om [[Bahasa Chamorro|Chamorro]] nokoingkakat do Samoa Amerika om Guam; boros-boros [[Bahasa Caroline|Caroline]] om Chamorro nookunan do kopulauan Mariana Utara; boros Sepanyol nokosiliu do boros rasmi id Puerto Rico. === Ugama === [[Fail:BrunswickWhiteChurch.jpg|thumb|Sebuah gereja [[Presbyterian]]; kebanyakan orang Amerika mengaku beragama Kristian.]] Amerika Syarikat, miampai rasmi, nopo nga' [[negara sekular|pogun sekular]]; [[Pindaan Pertama Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat]] mamadamin do kobibasan montok popoindalan ugama om manalob do pombontukan nunu nopo [[Agama rasmi|pomorintaan tumanud do ugama]]. Id suang do ponoriukan toun 2002, 59% tulun Amerika nopo nga' popoilo do ugama diti nopo nga' "kitonggungan di oponsol kumaa koposion diolo", suai mantad ko' pogun-pogun di kiharo-haro suai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167|title=Among Wealthy Nations...U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion| publisher=Pew Research Center|work=Pew Global Attitudes Project|date=2002-12-19|accessdate=2008-10-23}}</ref> Tumanud ponoriukan kawagu di 2007, 78.4% tulun kiugama do [[Kristian]],<ref name="Pew">{{cite web|url=http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf|title=Religious Composition of the U.S.| publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life|work=U.S. Religious Landscape Survey|year=2007|accessdate=2008-10-23}}</ref> nokoinsiriba mantad ko' 86.4% di toun 1990.<ref name="ARIS">{{cite web|url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm|title=American Religious Identification Survey| publisher=CUNY Graduate Center|year=2001|accessdate=2007-06-17}}</ref> 51.3% orang Kristian id AS nopo nga' kiugama do mogikaakawo mazhab [[Protestan]], om [[Katolik Rom]] nopo nga' mazhab tunggal bobos tagayo miampai 23.9%. Piatus tulun di magakun okon ko' Kristian di toun 2007 nopo nga' 4.7%, i nokoinsawat mantad ko' 3.3% di toun 1990. <ref name="ARIS"/> Ugama-ugama okon ko' Kristian i apangkal id AS nopo nga' miagal do [[Yahudi Amerika|Yahudi]] (1.7%), [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] (0.7%), [[Islam di Amerika Syarikat|Islam]] (0.6%), [[Agama Hindu|Hindu]] (0.4%), om [[Universalisme Unitarian]] (0.3%).<ref name="Pew"/> Pinoriukan dii nogi nga' pinoporuput do soginumu 16.1% tulun AS magakun sabaagi [[agnostisisme|agnostik]], [[ateisme|ateis]], om [[Tanpa agama|aiso ugama]], i nokoisawat mantad ko' 8.2% di toun 1990. <ref name="Pew"/><ref name="ARIS"/> ==Pondidikan== {{Main|Pendidikan di Amerika Syarikat}} [[Fail:University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg|thumb|right|Lobi kuang 80% mokiikinobos kolej AS nokotindapou id [[universiti awam]] miagal do [[Universiti Virginia]], iso [[Tapak Warisan Dunia]] i pinoingkakat di [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Education for the Common Good |author=Rosenstone, Steven J. |publisher=University of Minnesota |url=http://cla.umn.edu/news/clatoday/summer2002/dean.php |date=2009-12-17 |accessdate=2009-03-06 |archive-date=2014-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801114734/http://cla.umn.edu/news/clatoday/summer2002/dean.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>]] [[Pendidikan awam|Pondidikan awam]] id Amerika Syarikat igitan do karajaan pogun toi ko' songkinoyonon id siriba do pogintangan do [[Jabatan Pendidikan Amerika Syarikat]] maya panalaban do geran porsokutuan. Id kogumuan pogun, nuru sumikul o tangaanak mimpuun do umul onom toi ko' turu toi ([[tadika]], toi ko' toun koiso) gisom do hopod om walu toun (lobi kuang taang ko-12 (pangaan koonom), kolimpupuson [[sekolah tinggi|sikul takawas]]); piipiro pogun papasaga do tumingkod sumikul o tangaanak id umul do 16 toi ko' 17 toun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d02/dt150.asp |title=Ages for Compulsory School Attendance... |accessdate = 2007-06-10 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics}}</ref> Lobi kuang 12% tangaanak poindopitar id [[sekolah swasta]] [[sekolah mubaligh|mubaligh]] toi ko' sekular. Lobi kuang 2% tangaanak [[sekolah rumah|poinsikul id walai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/statistics.html |title=Statistics About Non-Public Education in the United States |accessdate = 2007-06-05 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Non-Public Education}}</ref> Ogumu nogi o [[institut pengajian tinggi]] i kompetitif id Amerika Syarikat, hali pia awam toi ko' swasta, om nogi [[kolej masyarakat]] ii popoindalan do dasar kosuangon poingukab. 84.6% tulun Amerika kiumul 25 toun om potilombus nopo nga' kikalantayon id sikul takawas, 52.6% nokotindapu id kolej, 27.2% nakaanu do [[ijazah sarjana muda]] om 9.6% nakaanu do ijazah sarjana om potilombus. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/p20-550.pdf|title=Educational Attainment in the United States: 2003|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref> Kadar [[celik huruf]] amnya adalah kira-kira 99%.<ref name="WF" /><ref>Untuk butiran lanjut mengenai kecelikan huruf di AS, rujuk [http://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006470.PDF A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st century], U.S. Department of Education (2003).</ref> Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu minanahak do Indeks Pendidikan 0.97 kumaa AS.<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Indicators|year=2005|publisher=United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports|accessdate=2008-01-14|url=http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620235428/http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-20|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Kolidasan== Ninaru poimpasi sokiro osusu id Amerika nopo nga' 77.8 toun,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf#027|title=Health, United States, 2006|month=November | year=2006|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics|accessdate = 2007-08-15}}</ref> sontoun lobi oniba kopiadang do purata id Eropah Kotonobon, om noiduan do toulu toi ko' apat toun id dohuri do Norway, Switzerland, om Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eberstadt, Nicholas, and Hans Groth|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/19/opinion/edeber.php|title=Healthy Old Europe|date=2007-04-19|work=International Herald Tribune|accessdate=2007-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423013852/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/19/opinion/edeber.php|archivedate=2007-04-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Mantad do duo dekad di notoliban, nokoinsiriba o AS mantad tukad ko-11 kumaa ko-42 id taang ninaru koposion sompomogunan.<ref>{{cite news|author=MacAskill, Ewen|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/aug/13/usa.ewenmacaskill |title=US Tumbles Down the World Ratings List for Life Expectancy|date=2007-08-13 |work= Guardian|accessdate = 2007-08-15|location=London}}</ref> Kadar kapatayin buragang nopo nga' 6.37 persoribu poposiliu do AS nopo nga' id tukad ko-42 mantad 221 pogun, id dohuri do toinsanan Eropah Kotonobon. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html|title=Rank Order—Infant Mortality Rate|date=2007-06-14|publisher=CIA|work=The World Factbook|accessdate=2007-06-19|archive-date=2018-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062332/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lobi kuang iso por tolu mogigion nosukod AS nokotoguang do [[obesiti]] om iso portolu nopo nga' nokolobi o winagat do tinan;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |title=Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004 |accessdate = 2007-06-05 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics}}</ref> kadar kolombonon id AS di akawas kopio id suang do pogun kiindustri, om nolopi induo id suang do suku abad nakatalib.<ref>{{cite book | author= Schlosser, Eric | year = 2002 | title = Fast Food Nation | publisher = Perennial | location = New York| isbn = 0060938455 |page = 240 }}</ref> Toruuruol miagal do [[diabetes mellitus jenis 2|kencing manis kawo kumo-2]] i mionit do obesiti, okito sabaagi iso wabak, tumanud do tangabaal do kolidasan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329 |title=Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity|year=2005 |accessdate = 2007-06-17|work= [[Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology]]|publisher=American Heart Association}}</ref> [[Fail:FlightHoustontoDallas086.jpg|thumb|right|[[Texas Medical Center]] id [[Houston]], hongkod pongusapan bobos tagayo id pomogunan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texmedctr.tmc.edu/root/en/GetToKnow/FactsandFigures/Facts+and+Figures.htm|title=2007 Facts & Figures|accessdate=2008-11-07|publisher=Texas Medical Center|archive-date=2010-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623171812/http://www.texmedctr.tmc.edu/root/en/GetToKnow/FactsandFigures/Facts+and+Figures.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Sistom panamangan kolidasan AS nopo nga' [[Senarai negara mengikut jumlah perbelanjaan kesihatan (PPP) per kapita|lobi ogumu balanja]] sokiro piadangon kumaa pogun-pogun suai, id aspek do porbelanjaan per kapita toi koi' piatus KDNK.<ref>''OECD Health Data 2000: A Comparative Analysis of 29 Countries'' [CD-ROM] (OECD: Paris, 2000). Lihat juga {{cite web|url=http://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.%20HCweb.pdf|title=The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive?|year=2001|accessdate=2006-11-29|publisher=University of Maine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030406131223/http://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.%20HCweb.pdf|archivedate=2003-04-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Id toun 2000, [[Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia|Kotinanan Kolidasan Sompomogunan]] pinopoiliu do AS sabaagi tukad bobos asawat kopio id suang do keresponsifan, nga' ko-37 miampai poinggonop. AS nopo nga' ponoraju do inovasi pongusapan. Di toun 2004, sektor okon ko' industri pinoposoliwan do balanja tolu kali lipat kopiadang do Eropah per kapita id suang do ponoriukan bioperubatan.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Groves, Trish| year=2008|month=February |title=Stronger European Medical Research |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=336 |pages=341–342| doi=10.1136/bmj.39489.505208.80 |pmc=2244738 |pmid=18276671 |first1=T |issue=7640 |issn=0959-8138}}</ref> ==Koubasanan== {{main|Budaya Amerika Syarikat}} Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' pogun di [[berbilang budaya|mogikaakawo koubasanan]] mantad mogikaakawo tinimunga, koubasanan om gatang koposion do tinaru. <ref name="DD">Adams, J. Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''Dealing with Diversity''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.</ref><ref name="Society in Focus">Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X.</ref> Hali pia koubasanan arus perdana nokuasa do roromu-roromu Eropah i noigitan do tulun rurumikot mantad Eropah, nga' kabagal i kasari do rahung mantad roromu-roromu Afrika i nigitan do tulun susuhuon sobolum nakabagas pogun diolo, <ref name="DD"/><ref>Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). ''Africanisms in American Culture'', 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). ''Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States''. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.</ref> noruhangan po do kinorikatan do mumundaliu mantad Asia om Amerika Latin i pinopoinggumu do senario ririkoton koubasanan id AS. Tulun AS nogi nga' tulun di bobos [[individualisme|individualistik]] id pomogunan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/individualism/|title=Individualism| publisher = Clearly Cultural|accessdate=2009-02-28}}</ref>; imej soosongulun, kopokitanan sosial om tindu koubasanan tulun-tulun Amerika i kipionit o kopio miampai pakalajaan diolo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eichar |first=Douglas |year=1989 |title=Occupation and Class Consciousness in America |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0313261113}}</ref> === Media, karamayan om inus kopokitanan === [[Fail:PB050006.JPG|thumb|Papan tanda' Hollywood, kinoyonon do ririkoton ponggiat inus porfileman AS.]] {{utama|Televisyen di Amerika Syarikat}} Amerika Syarikat nokosiliu do iso gergasi id gana porfileman sompomogunan <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/bpi/eng/unescopress/2000/00-120e.shtml |title=World Culture Report 2000 Calls for Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage |date=2000-11-17 |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=2007-09-14 }} {{cite web |url=http://www1.worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/thwart.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017111347/http://worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/thwart.html |archivedate=2007-10-17 |title=Summary: Does Globalization Thwart Cultural Diversity? |publisher=World Bank Group |accessdate=2007-09-14 |url-status=live }}</ref>, suai po soira nokosiliu do kinoyonon pinamsayan do teknologi wayang gambal minggura i bobos osopung id pomogunan, asil goos di [[Thomas Edison]] om [[Kinetoscope]]. Industri porfileman AS nopo nga' ogumu kopio id [[Hollywood, California]], gisom tulun sompomogunan pinopiagal do ngaran Hollywood sabaagi do rati gana porfileman AS om asil filem dau. Momomonsoi filem AS i roroiton kasari sabaagi do ikon sompomogunan nopo nga' kohompit no palakun [[Marilyn Monroe]] om [[John Wayne]], om sutradara om popohimagon filem miagal di [[George Lucas]] om [[Steven Spielberg]], koruhang nogi o lundu inovasi id suang do inovasi miagal do i [[Walt Disney]]. Tulun Amerika nogi i ogumu momoliwang do timpu diolo id dumbangan do televisyen id pomogunan diti;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_tel_vie-media-television-viewing |title=Media Statistics > Television Viewing by Country |publisher=NationMaster |accessdate=2007-06-03}}</ref> solinaid purata limo jaam sangadau di toun 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1005003 |title=Broadband and Media Consumption |date=2007-06-07|publisher=eMarketer |accessdate=2007-06-10}}</ref> Gana ponyiaran TV bobos tagayo id pogun diti nogi nga' natangkapan do boogian swasta, lobi-lobi no apat rangkaian koposolimbahan TV bobos tagayo; [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] om [[NBC]]. Tulun AS nogi nga' orohian do mokinongou radio miampai purata duo jam satanga montok sangadau.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1004830 |title=TV Fans Spill into Web Sites |date=2007-06-07|publisher=eMarketer |accessdate = 2007-06-10}}</ref> Amerika Syarikat nogi nga' manahak rahung di agayo kopio id suang do inus muzik moden, tu' hiti no ogumu nowonsoi do [[genre muzik]] i nosiliu do totonudon do tongoulun miagal do ''[[jazz]]'', ''[[rock and roll]]'', ''[[funk]]'', ''[[rhythm and blues]]'' (R&B) om ''[[hip-hop]]''. [[Muzik pop]] AS nopo nga' nakagamut id suang do ababayan-ababayan koposolimbahan di [[Teater Broadway|Broadway]] i kakal po papakakal do koutuhan mantad di teater kumoiso nukaban id Manhattan di abad ko-19. Rombituon pop i nosusu id AS miagal do i [[Elvis Presley]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Michael Jackson]], om [[Madonna (penghibur)|Madonna]] minomonsoi ngaran diolo sabaagi do selebriti kitaang sompomogunan. <ref>Biddle, Julian (2001). ''What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America''. New York: Citadel, p. ix. ISBN 0-8065-2311-5.</ref> Hali pia piungkoniton miampai genre-genre muzik nokoburu, kakal kasari poposoliwan o AS do karya-karya [[muzik klasikal]] i milo roiton do amerika po tomod kotpiadang do muzik klasikan Eropah, lobi-lobi no mantad di [[Charles Ives]], [[Henry Cowell]] om [[John Cage]]; amu nogi olihuan i [[Aaron Copland]] om [[George Gershwin]] i pinopointutun do pilangatan muzik otutunan kopio om klasikal. === Kosusasteraan om koinusan === {{utama|Kesusasteraan Amerika Syarikat}} Maamaso abad ko-18 om ko-19, mingoos o Amerika Syarikat montok momonsoi kounggulan sabaagi do longkod kosusastaraan boros Inggeris, asil mahakarya sastara i noit kumaa di orohion do buuk om hiis di [[Edgar Allan Poe]], [[Mark Twain]], [[Emily Dickinson]] om suai-suai po. Antakan di abad ko-20, karamayan sastara AS pinotilombus di [[William Faulkner]] om [[Ernest Hemingway]] i noroitan sabaagi do sastarawan di bobos koimbayat antakan do abad dii.<ref>Quinn, Edward (2006). ''A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms''. Infobase, p. 361. ISBN 0-8160-6243-9. Seed, David (2009). ''A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction''. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons, p. 76. ISBN 1-4051-4691-5. Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). ''Hemingway: A Biography''. New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN 0-306-80890-0.</ref> Gisom baino, 11 momogun AS nakalantoi do [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan|Tutungkap Nobel id suang do Kosusastaraan]]. [[Seni lukis]] AS di kotimpuunon nopo nga' ogirot o imbayat mantad Eropah, id suang do lukisan realistik i monguasai do komilaan momonsoi do songulun momolukis sobolum do koompokon abad ko-19, toi ko [[seni moden|inus moden]] i pinointutun do iso pameran inus di olumis kopio id New York di toun 1913.<ref>Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963). ''The Story of the Armory Show''. New York: Abbeville. ISBN 0-89659-795-4.</ref> Koguraan koinusan di agayo miagal do [[ekspresionisme abstrak]] mantad di [[Jackson Pollock]] om [[Willem de Kooning]], om [[seni pop]] mantad di [[Andy Warhol]] om [[Roy Lichtenstein]] nokoinlaab id AS. Nointutunan nogi AS sabaagi kinoyonon kinosusuan di bahantara [[komik]] id bontuk do taris id suang do suat abal toi ko' buuk komik, i pinoposoliwan do ogumu kawo wira tangon korohian miagal do [[Superman]], [[Batman]] om [[Spider-Man]]. === Taakanon === {{Main|Masakan Amerika Syarikat}} Kopogikaakawaan do koubasanan AS nogi nga' okito id aspek do kopogisuusuaian taakanon om tiinumon i popokito do kointutunan pogun diti. Resepi-resepi di naanu mantad Eropah asil do kinorikatan mumundaliu sobolum om kalapas kagabasan nakaanu di pinosuang sorokuukuri gisom nosiliu do nansakan Amerika, miagal do [[piza]] om [[pasta]] mantad Itali, [[taco]] om [[burrito]] mantad Mexico, om nogi [[hamburger]] om [[hot dog]] mantad Jerman. Tinaru Afrika nogi nga' pipoingkakat do nansakan AS maya [[ayam goreng|manuk ginuring]], [[roti jagung|ruti luong]] om suai-suai po. Piipiro taakanon diti nogi nga' pojualon sabaagi [[makanan segera|taakanon tosikap]] i pinojual do rantaian restoran miagal do [[McDonald's]] om [[KFC]] kumaa pointongkop pomogunan, nga' id timpu dii nogi nga' nakaanu minonoluod kumaa kobolingkahangan [[obesiti]] i nokoingkawas kumaa mogigion AS.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity |publisher=American Heart Association |year=2005 |work=[[Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology]] |url=http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329 |accessdate=2007-06-09}} {{cite web |title=Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf|accessdate=2007-06-09}}</ref> Pomojualan nogi nga' monoluod do ogumu kapansalan [[jus oren]] om [[susu]] sabaagi tiinumon do [[sarapan|makan kosuabon]].<ref>Smith, Andrew F. (2004). ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America''. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein, Harvey (2003). ''Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet''. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55. ISBN 0-520-23439-1.</ref> === Sipoot === [[Fail:Shea Smith-edit1.jpg|thumb|Pamain "buul sipak Amerika", iso sipoot kaagal-agal do ragbi i osodu piagalan miampai buul sipak i otutunan id pogun suai.]] [[Bola sepak Amerika]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Krane, David K. |date=2002-10-30 |title=Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport |url=http://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337 |accessdate=2007-09-14 |publisher=Harris Interactive}} Maccambridge, Michael (2004). ''America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation''. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50454-0.</ref> (''football'', sipoot kaagal-agal do [[ragbi]]), [[besbol]], [[bola keranjang]] om [[hoki ais]] nopo nga' sipoot kitinimungan profesional i bobos ogumu orohian id Amerika Syarikat. [[Bola sepak]|Buul sipak] (''soccer'') nogi nga' ogumu orohian nga' oiduanan id tolikud do kaapat-apat sipoot diti, hali pia AS koumbal nokosiliu do panakawalan do [[Piala Dunia FIFA 1994]]. Montok sipoot soosongulun, orohian o tulun AS do [[golf]], [[tenis]] om [[sukan bermotor]] miagal do [[NASCAR]]. Pondosian o AS tu' kalantayon do atlit-atlit dau id suang do [[Sukan Olimpik|Sipoot Olimpik]] mantad nokotimpuun o temasya kumoiso di toun 1896, hinonggo nakaanu yolo do 2,500 butir pingat setakat diti.<ref>{{cite web|title=All-Time Medal Standings, 1896–2004 | publisher = Information Please|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115108.html | accessdate=2007-06-14}} {{cite web|title=Distribution of Medals—2008 Summer Games| publisher = Fact Monster|url=http://www.factmonster.com/sports/olympics/2008/distribution-medals-summer-games.html| accessdate=2008-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All-Time Medal Standings, 1924–2006|publisher=Information Please|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115207.html|accessdate=2007-06-14}} {{cite web|title=Olympic Medals|publisher=Vancouver Organizing Committee|url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-medals/|accessdate=2010-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225190920/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-medals/|archivedate=2010-12-25|url-status=live}}</ref> === Unit ponipong === Kakal po do momoguno [[unit adat Amerika Syarikat]] o pogun diti i notungkusan mantad [[unit imperial]] British miagal do [[ela]], [[Batu (ukuran)|watu]], om [[Fahrenheit|darjah Fahrenheit]], nga' momoguno nogi ponipong isipadu [[gelen]] om [[pain (ukuran)|pain]] di poinsondii. Amerika Syarikat, miampai [[Burma]] om [[Liberia]], amu po monorimo do [[sistem metrik]] miampai rasmi. Hali pia miagal dii, [[Sistem Unit Antarabangsa|unit metrik]] nopo nga' alaku no pomogunaan id gana sains, pongusapan om ogumu po gana industri. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html|title=Appendix G: Weights and Measures|publisher=CIA|work=The World Factbook|date=|accessdate=2010-04-01|archive-date=2011-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406124728/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nuut == <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==Sukuon== {{Reflist}} eye40ze9lh7zoezsop464zwxtfn33tg 0 6085 24160 18464 2026-05-21T11:09:14Z ~2026-30490-46 2877 /* */ 24160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Austronesian language, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra}} {{Infobox language | name = Minangkabau | nativename = {{lang|min|Baso Minangkabau}}<br/>{{Script/Arabic|بهاس منڠكربو}} | states = [[Indonesia]] ([[West Sumatra]]) | region = [[West Sumatra]], [[Riau]], [[Jambi]], [[Bengkulu]], [[North Sumatra]], [[Aceh]] ([[Indonesia]]){{br}}[[Negeri Sembilan]], [[Selangor]] ([[Malaysia]]) | ethnicity = [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]], [[Aneuk Jamee people|Aneuk Jamee]] | speakers = {{sigfig|5.53|2}} million | date = 2007 | ref = e18 | familycolor = Austronesian | fam2 = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] | fam3 = disputed:<br>[[Malayo-Sumbawan languages|Malayo-Sumbawan]] or [[Greater North Borneo languages|Greater North Borneo]] | fam4 = [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] | dia1 = [[#dialect|West Sumatran Minangkabau]], [[Aneuk Jamee people|Aneuk Jamee]], Pasisi, [[Mukomuko language|Mukomuko]], Rokan, Kampar, Kuantan | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] <br />Minangkabau script | agency = [[Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] | iso2 = min | iso3 = min | glotto = mina1268 | glottorefname = Minangkabau | map = minangkabau language.jpg | mapcaption = {{legend|#0080ff|Areas where Minangkabau is a majority}} {{legend|#88c4ff|Areas where Minangkabau is a significant minority}} | notice = IPA }} '''Minangkabau''' (Minangkabau: {{lang|min|Baso Minangkabau}}, [[Jawi script]]: {{Lang|min|{{Script/Arabic|بهاس منڠكربو}}}}; {{lang-id|Bahasa Minangkabau}}) nopo nga Boros Austronesia i gunoon do tulun [[Minangkabau]] id Sumatera Kotonobon, boogian kotonobon do Riau, Kabupaten Kabaatan, boogian koibutan do Bengkulu om Jambi, om piipiro kakadayan pointongkop [[Indonesia]] do tulun Minangkabau i minundaliu. Boros nogi diti nga lingua franca poingompus koiyonon disan rahat kotonobon Sumatera Koibutan, om gunoon nogi id piipiro boogian hilo Aceh, id nombo lohowon o boros diti sabaagi ''Aneuk Jamee''. Miagal-agal o boros Minangkabau om boros [[Boros Malayu|Malayu]]. Pionitan nopo koduo boros diti nga kiwaa mogikaakawo kouyuyuhon. Haro i kipomusarahan do Minangkabau nopo nga iso bontuk pogulu do boros Malayu, om haro nogi i kipomusarahan do misuai-suai o Minangkabau mantad tinimungan boros (Malayic).<ref name="Archipel">{{citation |author = Khaidir Anwar |title = Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia |journal = Archipel |year = 1976 |volume = 12 |number = 1 |pages = 77–93 |doi = 10.3406/arch.1976.1296 |url = https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1976_num_12_1_1296 |language = en}}</ref> Boros Minangkabau nopo nga iso mantad piipiro boros i okuri o bontuk boros maan om pisuayan puralan boros subjek-objek.<ref name="Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia">{{citation |author = Sophie Elizabeth Crouch | title= Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Master's thesis | year = 2009|url = https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_886558_2/component/file_886556/content |language = en}}</ref> Sundung do oubas po o momogun Minangkabau momoguno boros Minangkabau, pondidikan i poimbida montok koubasanan dii id kakadayan nopo nga tumalup nodi gama ogumu kipomusarahan do au songkuro oponsol ii id Sumatera Kotonobon. Boros Minangkabau nopo nga sabaagi "au formal" id sorili kakadayan Padang, tu lobi posotolon pomogunaan do Boros Indonesia id institusi formal. Komulakan hilo id kakadayan insaru popilongot do boros Minang om slang Indonesia id suang pibarasan. [[Fail:Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg|kiri|thumb|Boros Minangkabau id suang ponuatan Arab doid mohor diraja Minangkabau mantad abad ko-19.]] == Kinotongkopon geografi == Boros Minangkabau nopo nga boros sandad do momogun [[Minangkabau]] id Sumatera Kotonobon.<ref name="Kajian Serba Linguistik3">Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk [[Anton Moeliono]] Pereksa Bahasa (2000)</ref> Kiwaa kiikiro 5.5 riong moomomoguno boros diti. Gunoon nogi iti hilo boogian kotonobon Riau, Kabupaten Aceh Kabaatan, boogian koibutan do Bengkulu om Jambi.<ref name="Kajian Serba Linguistik4">Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk [[Anton Moeliono]] Pereksa Bahasa (2000)</ref>Poingompus nopo do kinoyonon disan rahat kotonobon Sumatera Koibutan, oguno boros diti sabaagi lingua franca. Gunoon om ointutunan o boros diti sabaagi ''Aneuk Jamee'' id piipiro boogian hilo Aceh. Suai ko' Indonesia, gunoon nogi o boros Minangkabau id Malaysia do sakag migran mantad kinoyonon moomomoguno boros Minang id Sumatera (''Ranah Minang'', ''Tanah Minang'', toi ko' Land of the Minang). Soboogian tagayo migran nokopogulu nopo nga poingion id kinoyonon diti om baino ointutunan sabaagi [[Negeri Sembilan]], iso pogun id Malaysia; om ointutunan o dialek diti sabaagi ''[[Boros Malayu Negeri Sembilan]]'', toi ko' ''Bahaso Nogori / Baso Nogoghi'', baino nopo nga nosiliu boros di misuai, lobii osomok pionitan miampai Malayu ko' Minangkabau. Imigran kawawagu nopo nga ointutunan sabaagi ''Minang''. == Dialek == Kiwaa piipiro dialek do boros Minangkabau, sumoonu misuai tumanud kampung di miinsomok (poomitanan nopo nga pinitongkiad do bawang). Dialek ngaawi nopo dii nga Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, om Karanganyar.<ref>Nadra, Reniwati, and Efri Yades, Daerah Asal dan Arah Migrasi Orang Minangkabau di Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Kajian Variasi Dialektikal (2008)</ref> Id suang pibarasan tikid tadau id pialatan tulun Minangkabau mantad kinoyonon di misuai, dialek nopo di insaru gunoon nga Agam-Tanah Datar (''Baso Padang'' toi ko' ''Baso Urang Awak'' 'boros [tulun] tokou) om nosiliu do standard. [[Boros Tapan]], i gunoon id Tapan id kabaatan provinsi [[Sumatera Kotonobon]], nopo nga boros [[Malayo Polinesia]] i kawawagu noilaan om pinosuul do mionit nga okon ko' soboogian mantad boros Minangkabau. Boros Tapan om Minangkabau mombontuk subtinimungan Minangkabau Tagayo.<ref name="Kurniati">Kurniati, S., Putri, Y. P., Wichmann, S., & Gil, D. (2011). Tapan: An Exploration in Malayic Subgrouping. Paper presented at the ''15th International Symposium on Malay Indonesian Linguistics (ISMIL 15)''.</ref> Koduo-duo [[Boros Tapan]] om [[Boros Muko-Muko]] mombontuk subtinimungan ''[[Lunang]]'' id suang tinimungan boros ''Minangic'' (Minangkabau Tagayo) language group.<ref name="Kurniati"/><ref name="Gil2015">Gil, D. & McKinnon, T. (2015). Excrescent Nasals in Malayic Dialects of Western Sumatra. Paper presented at the ''13th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (13-ICAL)''.</ref> Kouyuyuhon nopo subtinimungan Minangik nga okito doid kosimbanon tuni id kolimpupuson hogot miagal id siriba:.<ref name="Gil2015"/> * *V[hi]ŋ > V[hi]ăŋ * *us > uĭh * *at > eʔ * *as > eh * *is > ih == Fonologi == Inventori nopo tuni boros Minangkabau nga pinatayad id siriba:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adelaar |first=K. Alexander |title=Proto-Malayic: The Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology |publisher=Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University |year=1992 |series=Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119 |location=Canberra}}</ref> === Konsonan === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | ![[Labial consonant|Labial]] ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ![[Velar consonant|Velar]] ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |{{IPAlink|m}} {{angbr|m}} |{{IPAlink|n}} {{angbr|n}} |{{IPAlink|ɲ}} {{angbr|ny}} |{{IPAlink|ŋ}} {{angbr|ng}} | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]]/<br>[[Affricate]] !<small>voiceless</small> |{{IPAlink|p}} {{angbr|p}} |{{IPAlink|t}} {{angbr|t}} |{{IPAlink|tʃ}} {{angbr|c}} |{{IPAlink|k}} {{angbr|k}} |{{IPAlink|ʔ}} {{angbr|k}}, {{angbr|ʼ}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPAlink|b}} {{angbr|b}} |{{IPAlink|d}} {{angbr|d}} |{{IPAlink|dʒ}} {{angbr|j}} |{{IPAlink|ɡ}} {{angbr|g}} | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Fricative]] | |{{IPAlink|s}} {{angbr|s}} | | |{{IPAlink|h}} {{angbr|h}} |- ! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]] | |{{IPAlink|l}} {{angbr|l}} | | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]] | |{{IPAlink|r}} {{angbr|r}} | | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Semivowel]] |{{IPAlink|w}} {{angbr|w}} | |{{IPAlink|j}} {{angbr|y}} | | |} === Vokal === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Monophthongs ! ![[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Central vowel|Central]] ![[Back vowel|Back]] |- ![[Close vowel|Close]] |{{IPAlink|i}} {{angbr|i}} | |{{IPAlink|u}} {{angbr|u}} |- ![[Mid vowel|Mid]] |{{IPAlink|e}} {{angbr|e}} | |{{IPAlink|o}} {{angbr|o}} |- ![[Open vowel|Open]] | |{{IPAlink|a}} {{angbr|a}} | |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Diftong ! ![[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Back vowel|Back]] |- ![[Close vowel|Close]] |{{IPA|iə̯⁓ie̯}} {{angbr|ia}} |{{IPA|uə̯⁓uo̯}} {{angbr|ua}}, {{IPA|ui̯}} {{angbr|ui}} |- ![[Mid vowel|Mid]] |{{IPA|eə̯}} {{angbr|ea}} |{{IPA|oə̯}} {{angbr|oa}} |- ![[Open vowel|Open]] |colspan=2|{{IPA|ai̯}} {{angbr|ai}}, {{IPA|au̯}} {{angbr|au}} |} == Poomitanan == ===Panandatan=== {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! English ! Minangkabau ! Indonesia |- |How are you now? |{{Lang|min|Baʼa kaba sanak kini?}} |{{Lang|id|Bagaimana kabar anda sekarang?}} |- |I'm well. How about you? |{{Lang|min|Lai elok-elok se nyo. Sanak baʼa?}} |{{Lang|id|Saya baik-baik saja. Anda bagaimana?}} |- |What is your name? |{{Lang|min|Sia namo sanak?}} |{{Lang|id|Siapa nama kamu?}} |- |My name is ... |{{Lang|min|Namo ambo ...}} |{{Lang|id|Nama saya ...}} |- |Thank you. |{{Lang|min|Tarimo kasih.}} |{{Lang|id|Terima kasih.}} |- |The trees in the jungle don't have the same height, moreover the people. (Proverb) |{{Lang|min|Sadang kayu di rimbo 'ndak samo tinggi, apo lai manusia.}} (Pribaso) |{{Lang|id|Sedangkan pohon di hutan tidak sama tinggi, apalagi manusia.}} (Peribahasa) |- |"As the frog swims, so he/she swims too." (He/she is doing something without having a goal.) |{{Lang|min|"Co a koncek baranang co itu inyo" baʼarti mangarajokan suatu tapi indak punyo tujuan.}} |{{Lang|id|"Bagaimana katak berenang seperti itulah dia" berarti mengerjakan sesuatu tanpa punya tujuan.}} |- |Don't throw the rubbish here! (Command) |{{Lang|min|Indak buliah mambuang sarok di siko!}} (Parintah) |{{Lang|id|Dilarang membuang sampah di sini!}} (Perintah) |- |Do not touch! You will burn your hand. |{{Lang|min|Ijan dipacik! Beko tangan angku tabaka.}} |{{Lang|id|Jangan disentuh! Nanti tanganmu terbakar.}} |} ===Numbur=== {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! Numbur ! Minangkabau ! Indonesia ! English |- |1 |{{Lang|min|cieʼ}} |{{Lang|id|satu}} |one |- |2 |{{Lang|min|duo}} |{{Lang|id|dua}} |two |- |3 |{{Lang|min|tigo}} |{{Lang|id|tiga}} |three |- |4 |{{Lang|min|ampeʼ}} |{{Lang|id|empat}} |four |- |5 |{{Lang|min|limo}} |{{Lang|id|lima}} |five |- |6 |{{Lang|min|anam}} |{{Lang|id|enam}} |six |- |7 |{{Lang|min|tujuah}} |{{Lang|id|tujuh}} |seven |- |8 |{{Lang|min|lapan}} |{{Lang|id|(de)lapan}} |eight |- |9 |{{Lang|min|sambilan}} |{{Lang|id|sembilan}} |nine |- |10 |{{Lang|min|sapuluah}} |{{Lang|id|sepuluh}} |ten |- |11 |{{Lang|min|sabaleh}} |{{Lang|id|sebelas}} |eleven |- |15 |{{Lang|min|limo baleh}} |{{Lang|id|lima belas}} |fifteen |- |50 |{{Lang|min|limo puluah}} |{{Lang|id|lima puluh}} |fifty |- |100 |{{Lang|min|saratuih}} |{{Lang|id|seratus}} |one hundred/a hundred |- |150 |{{Lang|min|saratuih limo puluah}} |{{Lang|id|seratus lima puluh}} |one hundred and fifty |- |500 |{{Lang|min|limo ratuih}} |{{Lang|id|lima ratus}} |five hundred |- |#,000 |{{Lang|min|ribu}} |{{Lang|id|ribu}} |thousand |- |#,000,000 |{{Lang|min|juta}} |{{Lang|id|juta}} |million |- |#,000,000,000 |{{Lang|min|milliar}} |{{Lang|id|milliar}} |billion |} == Sukuon == {{Reflist}} == Pambasaan potilombus == * [https://books.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover&vid=ISBN9796666359&vid=LCCN2002351105#v=onepage&q&f=false Nurlela Adnan, Ermitati, Rosnida M. Nur, Pusat Bahasa (Indonesia), Balai Pustaka (Persero), PT. 2001 – ''Indonesian-Minangkabau dictionary'' (''Kamus bahasa Indonesia-Minangkabau''), 841 pages.] *Marjusman Maksan, Yulina Kasim, Tamsin Medan, Syamsir Arifin, Basri, A. Razak Sikumbang, 1984, ''Geografi Dialek Bahasa Minangbakau'', Jakarta, Pusat Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1984. * ''Tata Bahasa Minangkabau'', Gerard Moussay (original title ''La Langue Minangkabau'', translated from French by Rahayu S. Hidayat), {{ISBN|979-9023-16-5}}. == Noputan labus == {{InterWiki|code=min}} {{commons}} * [https://archive.org/stream/rosettaproject_min_swadesh-1/min.txt Rosetta Project: Minangkabau Swadesh List] {{Minangkabau}} {{Languages of Indonesia}} {{Languages of Malaysia}} {{Austronesian languages}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Minangkabau]] j4y66rnxsftb5q126i5td6tu8opg78o