Wikipedia eewiki https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axa_do_%C5%8Ag%C9%94 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8854 61867 47248 2026-08-12T17:22:57Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260812)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Hepatitis A | Image = Jaundice eye.jpg | Caption = Yimeko yesifo senyongo ebangelwa yi-hepatitis A | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|977}} | MeshID = D006506 }} '''Hepatitis A''' (si woyɔna tsa be '''infectious hepatitis''') nye [[Acute (medical)|dɔlekui si nu se]] na [[liver|akla]] tsona hepatitis A virus gbɔ (HAV).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | url = https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3 | edition = 4th | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3/page/n560 541]–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Dɔa lele geɖe mefia dzesi boo aɖeke o vevietɔ le amesiwo metsi o la me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ɣeyiɣi tso dɔa ƒe gɔmedzedze yi eƒe dzesiwo gbɔ le ame siwo lenɛ me la le abe kɔsiɖa eve yi ade.<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Ne dzesiwo dze la wonɔa anyi zi geɖe abe kɔsiɖa enyi esiwo nye: trutsɔame, trutru, afɔdzidedɔ, [[jaundice|ŋutigbale ƒe fufuu]], fever kple aŋɔmeɖuame.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ame geɖewo abe 10–15% gakpɔa dzesiwo ƒe vava le dzinu ade tso dɔa lele zi gbatɔ megbe.<ref name=AFP2012/> [[Acute liver failure|Akla]] [[jaundice|ƒe gbegble kpata]] teaŋu dzɔna ɣeaɖewoyi vevietɔ le ametsitsiwo me.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Cause --> Emama toa nu ɖuɖu alo tsi nono siwo me dɔlekui mi le.<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages=1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[Shellfish|Gomekpa]] si womeɖa nyuie o la etsoƒe bɔbɔtɔ wu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Woateŋu amae to kadodo kplokpui kple amesi lee la me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Togbɔbe dzesi aɖeke me dzea le ɖeviwo ŋu edziedzi ne woxɔ dɔ sia hã la woateŋu aɖee na amebubuwo.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ne elee zi ɖeka ko magalee le wo agbeme o.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Dɔlekuia kpɔkpɔ hia ʋu dodo kpɔ elebena eƒe dzesiwo sɔ kple dɔlele bubuwo.<ref name=AFP2012/> Enye [[hepatitis]] virus atɔ siwo wonya: A, [[hepatitis B|B]], [[hepatitis C|C]], [[hepatitis D|D]], kple [[hepatitis E|E]]. <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> [[hepatitis A vaccine|hepatitis A]] [[jaundice|ƒe]] vaccine la nye mɔxenu nyui.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Dukɔ aɖewo ɖoe anyi na ɖeviwo kple ame siwo axɔe bɔbɔe siwo medo abui o.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Edze abe awɔ dɔ le agbe ŋkekewo katã me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Mɔxenu bubu aɖewoe nye [[hand washing|asi k]][[Acute (medical)|ɔkl]]<nowiki/>[[Acute (medical)|ɔ]] kple nu ɖaɖa nyuie.<ref name=AFP2012/> Dɔdada mɔnu tɔxe aɖeke meli o, gbɔɖeme kple atike nono na [[nausea|truts]][[Acute (medical)|ɔame]]<nowiki/> alo [[diarrhea|af]][[Acute (medical)|ɔdzidede]] nyo le ɣeyiɣi si wohia la me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Dɔlelea katã nu tsona zi geɖe ne akladɔ meli o.<ref name=AFP2012/> Akladɔ sesẽ dada ne wodzɔ la toa [[liver transplantion|akla bubu dede]] me.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Epidemiology --> Le xexeame godoo la abe milion 1.5 ƒe dɔlelea ƒe dzesi dzena ƒe sia ƒe<ref name=AFP2012/> eye million akpewo nye dɔa lelawo le wo katã me.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Ebɔ wu le xexeame ƒe akpa siwo medza o eye tsinono nyui hã mesu amewo o.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Le [[Developing countries|duk]][[Inflammatory bowel disease|ɔ siwo mede]] [[Rotavirus vaccine|ŋug]][[Inflammatory bowel disease|ɔ o]] wome la ɖeviwo si de 90% la le dɔa hafi xɔna ƒe 10 eyata womegalene le tsitsi me o.<ref name=WHO2013/> Edzɔna kpata le dukɔ siwo de ŋgɔ vie la me ne ɖeviwo melee hafi tsi o eye abidodo godoo hã mebɔ o.<ref name=WHO2013/> Le 2010 me la, hepatitis A sesẽ ƒe dodo zu ame 102,000 ku.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> [[World Hepatitis Day|Xexeame godoo]] [[Acute liver failure|ƒe Hepatisis Ŋukeke]] vana ƒe sia ƒe le July ƒe ŋkeke 28 dzi be woahe nufiamenyawo tso [[viral hepatitis|'viral' hepatitis]] ŋu.<ref name=WHO2013/> ==Referensiwo== <references /> 7lesw7pqx5q2m8au558ufpo3hz2zu9v 0 8857 61866 47256 2026-08-12T17:22:36Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260812)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Asrã | Image = Asrã.jpg | Caption = ''Plasmodium'' tso munɔ ƒe ta si le zɔzɔm le mu ƒe cell me | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Asrã | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Asrã''' nye [[Dɔlekui si tso mu gbɔ|dɔleame si tso mu gbɔ]] na amegbetɔwo kple la bubuwo si tsoa parasitic [[protozoanwo]] (cell ɖeka ƒe [[nugbagbevi]]) na ''[['Plasmodium']]'' gbɔ.<ref name=WHO2014/> Malaria hea dzesiwo abe [[feva]], [[malaise|ɖeɖiteameŋu]], [[trutru]] and [[taɖui|taɖuiwo]] vɛ.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Le eƒe ŋusɛ̃ nu la, ehea [[jaundice|ŋutigbale fufuu]], [[lamedzetsi|lamedzetsiwo]], [[ɖime]] alo [[ku]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Dzesi siawo dzea egɔme enuenu tso ŋkeke ewo yiɖe ŋkeke wuiatɔ le mu ƒe ameɖuɖu megbe.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dɔlele dzesiwo agatrɔ va le ɣletiwo megbe ne ame aɖe mexɔ dɔyɔyɔ blibo o.<ref name=WHO2014/> Le amesiwo me dɔlelea vɔ le la, egbugbɔ lele nu mesena o.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Dɔ malemale [[immunity|dziɖuɖu]] nɔnɔme sia dzona le ɣeyiyi abe ɣletiwo kple ƒewo me ne nye be malaria mega le ame o.<ref name=EBMED2014/> <!--Cause and diagnosis--> Zi geɖee la, woxɔa dɔlele sia tso munɔ si ŋu dɔlelea le ƒe ameɖuɖu gbɔ''[['Anopheles']]'' mosquito.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ameɖuɖu sia ɖea parasitewo tso mu ƒe ta me ɖe ame ƒe [[circulatory system|ʋu]]<ref name="WHO2014" /> me. Parasitewo zɔa yi na akla gbɔ afisi wotsina hedzi na ɖo.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> '''Plasmodium''' ƒe ƒome atɔ ateŋu ahe dɔlele ve eye amegbetɔwo ma ne.<ref name="EBMED2014" /> Ame ƒe kuku geɖe tso ''[['Plasmodium falciparum'|P. falciparum]]'' with ''[['Plasmodium vivax'|P. vivax]]'', ''[['Plasmodium ovale'|P. ovale]]'' gbɔ, eye ''[['Plasmodium malariae'|P. malariae]]'' hea asrã siŋu ŋuse mele o la ve.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="EBMED2014" /> ''[['Plasmodium knowlesi'|P. knowlesi]]'' ƒomewo mena dɔlele amegbetɔwo kabakaba o.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Wokpɔna malaria to ʋumedodo tso [[ʋu le]]wo, alo kple [[Malaria ƒe antigen kpɔkpɔ dodokpɔwo|Asr]][[dzinietɔ gbãtɔwo me|ã]] ƒe antigen kpɔkpɔ dodokpɔwo.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Wowɔ mɔnusiwo woaza [['polymerase chain reaction']] atsɔ kpɔ parasite ƒe [[DNA]] , gake mebɔ ɖe afisiwo malaria [[Endemic (epidemiology)|bɔ]] le o elabena woxɔ asi eye womele bɔbɔe o.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–59 |pmid=22632637 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref> <!--Prevention and treatment--> Woateŋu aɖekpɔtɔ dɔa ƒe lele to mu ƒe amemaɖumaɖu me le [[mudɔ]]wo kple [[mutike]]wo zaza me, alo to mu ƒe dzidzi tsotsoɖa mɔnuwo dzi abe [[nugbagbeviwowuwu ƒe atike]]wo tsisisi kple tsimatsamatsawo ƒe ɖeɖeɖa.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Atikewɔwɔ na malaria nutsitsi ƒe mɔnuvovowo li [[malaria prophylaxis|asrã nutsitsi]] na mɔzɔla siwo yina afisi dɔlelea le.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Enye didi be woaza atikea [['sulfadoxine'/pyrimethamine]] na [[vidzi]]wo kple funɔwo le [[dzinietɔ gbãtɔwo me|dzinuetɔ gbãtɔwo me]] ƒe [[fufɔfɔ]] le teƒesiwo malaria bɔ ɖo.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Togbɔ be ehia ha la, [[vaccine]] aɖeke meli o, gake agbagbadzedze na eƒe wɔwɔ le edzi yim.<ref name=WHO2014/> Malaria ƒe atike si dzi woda asi ɖoe nye ƒuƒoƒo na [[asrãmɔxenu ƒe atike]]wo si me [['artemisinin']] le.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Atikewɔwɔ evelia enye [[mefloquine]], [[lumefantrine]], alo sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesfortre0000unse|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241547925|page=ix|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Woateŋu aza [['Quinine']] kpeɖe [['doxycycline']] ne artemisinin meli o.<ref name=WHO2010/> Le teƒe siwo dɔlelea bɔ ɖo la, ehia be woakpɔ malaria hafi woadze atike zaza me ɖe atike ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ ta [[atike ƒe ŋuse dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->Atikewo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ he malaria ƒe atikewɔwɔ geɖewo ve; le kpɔɖeŋu me, [['chloroquine']]-resistant ''P. falciparum'' kaka yiɖe malaria nɔƒe geɖewo, eye resistance na artemisinin va zu problem le Anyigbeɣedzeƒe Asia ƒe akpa aɖewo.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!--Epidemiology--> Dɔlelea bɔ ɖe [[tropicwo]] kple [[tropic viwo|tropicviwo]] nutome siwo te ɖe [[anyigbatitina]] la ŋu me.<ref name=EBMED2014>{{cite journal|last=Caraballo|first=Hector|title=Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|date=May 2014|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405}}</ref> Eɖewoe nye [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[World Health Organization]] bui be le ƒe 2012 me la, malaria le ame million 207 .<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Le ƒema me la, dɔa wu ame abe tso 473,000 yi 789,000 ene siwodometɔ geɖe nye ɖeviwo tso Africa.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> Malaria kple ahedada wodoa ka ɖeka eye wogblea nu le [[du ƒe ŋgɔyiyi]] ŋu.<ref name="IftSoL">{{Cite report |author=Gollin D, Zimmermann C |title=Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences |date=August 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Labor]] |url=http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Worrall 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K |title=Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature |journal=Tropical Health and Medicine |year=2005 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1047–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x |pmid=16185240}} {{open access}}</ref> Le Africa la, wobuibe egblea ga woade abe $12 billion USD le ƒe ɖeka me to eƒe dada , dɔmateŋuwɔwɔ kple nugbegble le tourism ŋu la me.<ref name="Greenwood 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA |title=Malaria |journal=Lancet |year=2005|volume=365 |issue=9469 |pages=1487–98 |pmid=15850634 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3}}</ref> ==Referensiwo== <references/> hj167xzwb29dztvyf1btrixc1q3i2ct 0 8922 61868 56679 2026-08-12T17:23:12Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260812)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Nunyiamemademade | Image = Orange ribbon.svg | Caption = Ribɔn si de ama abe antiɖiɖi ene — [[ribɔn si ɖea dzeside]] na nunyiamemademade. | Width = 120 | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = 263.9 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000404 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 1360 | MeshID = D044342 }} <!-- Definition and Symptoms --> '''Nunyiamemademade''' alo '''nunyiameɖuɖumademade''' nye nɔnɔme si tsoa nuɖuɖu si me [[nunyiame]]wo me li o alo si me wobɔ ɖo fuu si hea dɔlelewo vɛ.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|five/000062745|malnutrition}}</ref><ref name=FFL2010>{{cite book|first1=UNICEF|title=Facts for life|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Children's Fund|location=New York|isbn=978-92-806-4466-1|pages=61 and 75|edition=4th ed.|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|access-date=2015-10-14|archive-date=2018-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212170249/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Nunyiame siawo nye : [[lamemiwo]], [[protein]], [[carbohydratewo]], [[vitamin]]wo alo [[nunyiamekuiwo|mineral]]wo.<ref name=FFL2010/> Zigeɖe la, woyɔ ne be '''nunyiamemademade''' ne lamemiwo, protein alo [[nunyiamekuiwo]] mebɔ o; gake, woga yɔ ne be [[nunyiamedewu]].<ref name=Young2012>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=E.M.|title=Food and development|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=9781135999414|pages=36–38|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=XhwKwNzJVjQC&pg=PA36}}</ref><ref name=Jones2011>{{cite book|title=Essentials of International Health|date=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9781449667719|page=194|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lt7TqZPZSlIC&pg=PA194}}</ref> Ne nunyiamemademade le vidzi le [[fufɔfɔ]] alo hafi woxɔ ƒe eve me la, ateŋugble nu le eƒe tsitsi ŋu tegbetegbe.<ref name=FFL2010/> Nunyiameɖuɖumademade ƒe sesietɔ si woyɔ na be [[numaɖumaɖu]], ateŋu ahe dzesiwo abe: kpuienyenye, makɔmakɔ, ŋusemanɔamesi, kple afɔ kple [[dɔme]] ƒe tete.<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=Young2012/> Zigeɖe ha la, amewo kpɔ na infectionwo eye wogakpɔ na [[lamefafa|fafa]] edziedzi .<!-- <ref name=Young2012/> --> [[Nuɖuɖukui mademade]] ƒe dzesiwo tsoa nuɖuɖukui si me le nuɖuɖua me o.<ref name=Young2012/> <!-- Cause --> Undernourishment zigeɖe la tsoa nuɖuɖu nyuie maɖumaɖu gbɔ.<ref name=WHO2014/> Etsoa nuɖuɖu xoasiwo gbɔ kple [[poverty]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=WHO2014/> [[breast feeding]] manɔanyi ateŋu he vɛ, nenemake [[infectious diseases]] abe: [[gastroenteritis]], [[pneumonia]], [[malaria]] kple [[measles]] siwo hia nunyiame le agbɔsɔsɔ me.<ref name=WHO2014/> Undernutrition ƒe ha evee le: [[protein-energy malnutrition]] kple dietary deficiencies.<ref name=Jones2011/> Protein-energy malnutrition ƒe sesie ha eve le: [[marasmus]] (a lack of protein and calories) kple [[kwashiorkor]] (a lack of just protein).<ref name=Young2012/>Micronutrient manɔanyi bɔbɔtɔwoe nye: [[iron deficiency|iron]], [[iodine deficiency|iodine]] kple [[vitamin A deficiency|vitamin A]] manɔanyi.<ref name=Young2012/> Le [[pregnancy]] yi la, le nunyiamewo ƒe zaza le agbɔsɔsɔ me ta la, woƒe vɔvɔ bɔ ŋutɔ.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Konje|first1=editor, Mala Arora ; co-editor, Justin C.|title=Recurrent pregnancy loss|date=2007|publisher=Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788184480061|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Le [[developing countries]] la, overnutrition le [[obesity]] ƒe nɔnɔme me la, nyea undernutrition le teƒe ɖekawo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2015-10-14|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154958/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Malnutrition ƒe dzɔtsoƒeɖewoe nye [[anorexia nervosa]] kple [[bariatric surgery]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prentice|first1=editor-in-chief, Benjamin Caballero ; editors, Lindsay Allen, Andrew|title=Encyclopedia of human nutrition|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9780080454283|page=68|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DHtERWm0mrcC&pg=RA1-PA68}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Stoelting's anesthesia and co-existing disease|date=2012|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781455738120|page=324|edition=6th ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=yxTtmJYPUV0C&pg=PA324}}</ref> Malnutrition bɔ wu le [[elderly]] me ɖe woƒe physical, psychological kple social nyawo ta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic,|title=Principles and practice of geriatric surgery|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9781441969996|page=78|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=VcgmpMZE6a8C&pg=PA87}}</ref> <!-- Treatment --> Mɔnuwo be woahe [[nutrition]] ɖe ŋgɔ nyea mɔnuwo abe [[development aid]].<ref name=UK2012/> Notsi nono ateŋu aɖe malnutrition dzi kple ku le ɖeviwo me,<ref name=FFL2010/> eye mɔnuwo be woado eƒe wɔwɔ ɖe dzi ha hene ɖe dzi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Nuɖuɖu kple notsi nana ɖeviwo le ɣleti ade kple ƒe eve me la hea dometsonuwo vɛ.<ref name=Bh2013/> Nutsotsowo de megbe na [[dietary supplements|supplementation]] tso micronutrients zaza le fufɔfɔ me kple le ɖeviwo me le teƒesiwo heɖe megbe le ŋgɔdonyawo me le ɣeɣeame.<ref name=Bh2013/> Be woana nuɖuɖu amesiwo wohia wu la nuɖuɖua tsɔtsɔ na kple ga nana be amewo ateŋu aƒle nuɖuɖu le woŋutɔ ƒe asime nyo ŋutɔ.<ref name=UK2012/><ref>{{cite web|title=World Food Programme, Cash and Vouchers for Food|url=http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp246176.pdf|website=WFP.org|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref> Nuɖuɖu nana amewo le suku ko mede o.<ref name=UK2012/> Malnutrition sesietɔ ƒe dada le aƒe me kpeɖe [[therapeutic food#Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food|ready-to-use therapeutic foods]] ŋu le bɔbɔe ɣesiayi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ame siwo le malnutrition sesietɔ kpeɖe dɔlele bubuwo ŋu la, elebe woaxɔ dɔdada le kɔdzi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Esia kuɖe asitɔtrɔ le [[hypoglycemia|low blood sugar]], [[hypothermia|body temperature]], [[dehydration]], kple edziedzi nuɖuɖu.<ref name=Bh2013/><ref name=WHO2003>{{cite book|first1=World Health Organization. Authors: Ann Ashworth|title=Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesforinp0000unse|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9241546093}}</ref> [[antibiotic]]wo zaza edziedzi hia ɖe infection kpɔkpɔ ta.<ref name=WHO2003/>Ŋugɔgbe mɔnu aɖewoe nye: agbledede mɔnuwo dzi tutuɖo,<ref name=solcultivateplanet>{{cite journal |author=Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O’Connell, Deepak K. Ray, Paul C. West, Christian Balzer, Elena M. Bennett, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jason Hill1, Chad Monfreda, Stephen Polasky1, Johan Rockström, John Sheehan, Stefan Siebert, David Tilman1, David P. M. Zaks |title=Solutions for a cultivated planet |journal=Nature |volume=478 |issue=7369 |pages=337–342 |date=October 2011|pmid=21993620|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html |doi=10.1038/nature10452}}</ref> kotɔnyenye dzi ɖeɖe, tutuɖe [[sanitation]], kple [[empowering women|empowerment of women]].<ref name=UK2012/> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Le 2010 me la, ame million&nbsp;925 undernourished woe le xexeame, eye ame million&nbsp;80 kpeɖeŋu tso ƒe 1990.<ref name=FAO2010>{{cite web|title=Xexeame godoo ƒe dɔwuame nu le ɖeɖem kpɔtɔ, gake edzitsotso ƒe didiwo nu le sesem |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al390e/al390e00.pdf|website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=1 July 2014|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Fao2008>{{cite book|last1=Food|last2=(FAO)|first2=Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=The state of food insecurity in the world, 2008 : high food prices and food security : threats and opportunities|date=2008|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)|location=Rome|isbn=978-92-5-106049-0|page=2|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm|quote=FAO ƒe bu amesiwo dɔ wu na [actually, malnourished] ƒe ɣeɣleme abe million 923 le ƒe 2007, esia dzi ɖe edzi abe million 80 tso 1990–92 ƒe ɣeyiyi me.}}</ref> Wobui be vitaminwo kple nunyiamewo me le ame billion bubuwo si o.<ref name=UK2012>{{cite web|title=An update of ‘The Neglected Crisis of Undernutrition: Evidence for Action’|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67319/undernutrition-finalevidence-oct12.pdf|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=Department for International Development|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=Oct 2012}}</ref> Le ƒe 2010 me la, wobui be [[protein-energy malnutrition]] he ame 600,000 ɖe ku me tso ku abe 883,000 le ƒe 1990.<ref name=Loz2012/> Nunyiame manɔamesi bubuwo abe [[iodine deficiency]] kple [[iron deficiency anemia]], ame abe 84,000 bubu geɖe ɖe ku me.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal |author=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. |title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2095–128 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245604 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |url=}}</ref> Vaseɖe ƒe 2010 dzi la, Undernutrition hea 1.4% na [[disability adjusted life years]] va nɛ.<ref name=UK2012/><ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> Abe akpa etɔ mama na ekuwo kata tso undernutrition gbɔ; gake, zigeɖee womebune nenema o.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health|url=http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref>Le ƒe 2010 me la, eyae he nyɔnuwo kple ɖeviwo ƒe ku abe mellion 1.5 <ref name=Lim2012>{{cite journal |author=Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. |title=A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2224–60 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245609 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8 |url=}}</ref> gake wobuibbe xexlemea wu ame million&nbsp;3.<ref name="Bh2013"/> Ɖeviwo abe million 165&nbsp;le [[stunted growth]] tso dɔlelea me.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Maternal and Child Nutrition Study|first11=Group|title=Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?|journal=Lancet|date=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> Undernutrition bɔ le [[dukɔsiwo ŋgɔ yiyi me bɔ ɖo o]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Liz Young|title=World Hunger Routledge Introductions to Development|date=2002|isbn=9781134774944|page=20|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=w4CGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> ==Referensiwo== <references /> gk89fxlbicccngjxckv1oz1t7zkts05