Wikipedia eewiki https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axa_do_%C5%8Ag%C9%94 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8854 61931 61867 2026-08-25T18:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Hepatitis A | Image = Jaundice eye.jpg | Caption = Yimeko yesifo senyongo ebangelwa yi-hepatitis A | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|977}} | MeshID = D006506 }} '''Hepatitis A''' (si woyɔna tsa be '''infectious hepatitis''') nye [[Acute (medical)|dɔlekui si nu se]] na [[liver|akla]] tsona hepatitis A virus gbɔ (HAV).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | url = https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3 | edition = 4th | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3/page/n560 541]–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Dɔa lele geɖe mefia dzesi boo aɖeke o vevietɔ le amesiwo metsi o la me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ɣeyiɣi tso dɔa ƒe gɔmedzedze yi eƒe dzesiwo gbɔ le ame siwo lenɛ me la le abe kɔsiɖa eve yi ade.<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Ne dzesiwo dze la wonɔa anyi zi geɖe abe kɔsiɖa enyi esiwo nye: trutsɔame, trutru, afɔdzidedɔ, [[jaundice|ŋutigbale ƒe fufuu]], fever kple aŋɔmeɖuame.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ame geɖewo abe 10–15% gakpɔa dzesiwo ƒe vava le dzinu ade tso dɔa lele zi gbatɔ megbe.<ref name=AFP2012/> [[Acute liver failure|Akla]] [[jaundice|ƒe gbegble kpata]] teaŋu dzɔna ɣeaɖewoyi vevietɔ le ametsitsiwo me.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Cause --> Emama toa nu ɖuɖu alo tsi nono siwo me dɔlekui mi le.<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages=1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[Shellfish|Gomekpa]] si womeɖa nyuie o la etsoƒe bɔbɔtɔ wu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Woateŋu amae to kadodo kplokpui kple amesi lee la me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Togbɔbe dzesi aɖeke me dzea le ɖeviwo ŋu edziedzi ne woxɔ dɔ sia hã la woateŋu aɖee na amebubuwo.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ne elee zi ɖeka ko magalee le wo agbeme o.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Dɔlekuia kpɔkpɔ hia ʋu dodo kpɔ elebena eƒe dzesiwo sɔ kple dɔlele bubuwo.<ref name=AFP2012/> Enye [[hepatitis]] virus atɔ siwo wonya: A, [[hepatitis B|B]], [[hepatitis C|C]], [[hepatitis D|D]], kple [[hepatitis E|E]]. <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> [[hepatitis A vaccine|hepatitis A]] [[jaundice|ƒe]] vaccine la nye mɔxenu nyui.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Dukɔ aɖewo ɖoe anyi na ɖeviwo kple ame siwo axɔe bɔbɔe siwo medo abui o.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Edze abe awɔ dɔ le agbe ŋkekewo katã me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Mɔxenu bubu aɖewoe nye [[hand washing|asi k]][[Acute (medical)|ɔkl]]<nowiki/>[[Acute (medical)|ɔ]] kple nu ɖaɖa nyuie.<ref name=AFP2012/> Dɔdada mɔnu tɔxe aɖeke meli o, gbɔɖeme kple atike nono na [[nausea|truts]][[Acute (medical)|ɔame]]<nowiki/> alo [[diarrhea|af]][[Acute (medical)|ɔdzidede]] nyo le ɣeyiɣi si wohia la me.<ref name=AFP2012/> Dɔlelea katã nu tsona zi geɖe ne akladɔ meli o.<ref name=AFP2012/> Akladɔ sesẽ dada ne wodzɔ la toa [[liver transplantion|akla bubu dede]] me.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Epidemiology --> Le xexeame godoo la abe milion 1.5 ƒe dɔlelea ƒe dzesi dzena ƒe sia ƒe<ref name=AFP2012/> eye million akpewo nye dɔa lelawo le wo katã me.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Ebɔ wu le xexeame ƒe akpa siwo medza o eye tsinono nyui hã mesu amewo o.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Le [[Developing countries|duk]][[Inflammatory bowel disease|ɔ siwo mede]] [[Rotavirus vaccine|ŋug]][[Inflammatory bowel disease|ɔ o]] wome la ɖeviwo si de 90% la le dɔa hafi xɔna ƒe 10 eyata womegalene le tsitsi me o.<ref name=WHO2013/> Edzɔna kpata le dukɔ siwo de ŋgɔ vie la me ne ɖeviwo melee hafi tsi o eye abidodo godoo hã mebɔ o.<ref name=WHO2013/> Le 2010 me la, hepatitis A sesẽ ƒe dodo zu ame 102,000 ku.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> [[World Hepatitis Day|Xexeame godoo]] [[Acute liver failure|ƒe Hepatisis Ŋukeke]] vana ƒe sia ƒe le July ƒe ŋkeke 28 dzi be woahe nufiamenyawo tso [[viral hepatitis|'viral' hepatitis]] ŋu.<ref name=WHO2013/> ==Referensiwo== <references /> p30e0iv7k42lrltobwk45ro3zzh1l4t 0 8855 61933 57816 2026-08-25T18:06:50Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox symptom | Name = Mitsinyedɔ | Image = Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg | Caption = [[Rotavirus]] electron micrograph aɖe, sihea dɔlele sia ƒe akpa 40 ɖe alɔfa dzi vana ɖevi siwo mexɔ ƒe atɔ haɖe o la dzi.<ref name=WHO2010a/> | DiseasesDB = 3742 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|09||a|00}}, {{ICD10|K|59|1|k|55}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|787.91}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 003126 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 583 | MeshID = D003967 }} <!-- Definition and Characteristics --> '''Mitsinyedɔ''' alo '''afɔdzidedɔ''' nye dɔlele si nabe anye mitsi alo [[bowel movement|ade afɔdzi]] abe zi etɔ̃ ene gbe sia gbe. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Zigeɖe la enɔa anyi ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo eye ateŋu he [[dehydration|tsivɔlelame]] vee ɖe tsimanɔlame ta. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Zi geɖe la, tsimanɔlame ƒe dzesiwo dzea egɔme kple ŋutigbale ƒe sukuilele kple ame ƒe nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Esia ateŋu agbugbɔ [[urination|aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ]] ɖe megbe, [[pallor|ŋutigbale ƒe tr]][[urination|ɔtrɔ]], [[pallor|dzi ƒe tsotso kabakaba]] kple [[pallor|ŋudz]][[urination|ɔnɔnɔ]] ƒe [[urination|ɖiɖi kpɔtɔ]] le esimedɔ la le ŋusem ɖe edzi. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Gake, vidzifɛ siwo le no nom alo [[breastfed|no no]] la ƒe mitsinyenye ateŋu adze gadzi.<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Cause and Diagnosis --> Nusi hea dɔ sia vee la ƒe bɔbɔtɔe nye [[virus|virusi]], [[bacteria]], [[parasite|parasaiti]], ƒe aʋahoho ɖe [[intestine|dɔkaviwo]] ŋu alo nusi woyɔna be [[gastroenteritis|'gastroenteritis']]. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Zigeɖe la miexɔna nu manyomanyosiawo to nuɖuɖu alo tsi sime nugodo tso amesi le dɔ sia lem la gbɔ. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Woateŋu amãe ɖe hatsotso etɔ̃ me: mitsinyenye gaƒoƒo kpuie tɔ, ʋumitsinyenye gaƒoƒo kpuie tɔ, kple ne enɔ anyi wu kɔsiɖa eve la, mitsinyenye atraditɔ. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Mitsinyenye gaƒoƒo kpuie tɔ la ateŋu ava nenye be [[cholera]] le ame. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Ne nye be ʋu li la, woyɔnɛ be [[dysentery|'dysentery']]. <ref name=WHO2013/> Nu bubuwo ha hea mitsinyedɔ vee. Wodometɔ aɖewo enye: [[hyperthyroidism|'hyperthyroidism']], [[lactose intolerance|notsi tsritsri]], [[inflammatory bowel disease|dɔka]] [[pallor|ƒe]]<nowiki/> tete, atike aɖewo, kple [[irritable bowel syndrome|d]][[inflammatory bowel disease|ɔka]]<nowiki/> [[pallor|ƒe gb]][[inflammatory bowel disease|ɔgbɔ]] [[inflammatory bowel disease|dɔ]] kpakple bubuawo. <ref name=CEM2013>{{cite book|last1=Doyle|first1=edited by BasemAbdelmalak, D. John|title=Anesthesia for otolaryngologicsurgery|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=1107018676|pages=282–287}}</ref> Le go geɖewo me la womehia [[stool cultures|afɔdzidodokpɔ]] na kakaɖedzi kpɔkpɔ na dɔ ƒe dzɔtsoƒe o. <ref name=NEJM2014/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> Woateŋu atsi mitsinyedɔ nu to [[sanitation|dzadzenyenye]] tutuɖo me, [[drinking water|tsinono]] dzadze, kple [[hand washing|asik]][[inflammatory bowel disease|ɔklɔ]] me. <!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Breastfeeding|Notsi nana]] vaseɖe dzinu ade megbe ha nyo abe [[rotavirus vaccine|abidodo]] [[urination|ɖe]] 'rotavirus' [[pallor|ŋu]] la ene.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Oral rehydration therapy|'Oral rehydration solution']] (ORS), si nye tsinononyuie si me dze sue kple [[sugar|sukli]] le, la nyo ŋutɔ na dɔ sia nutsitsi. <!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Zinc#Dietarysupplement|Zinc tsikekui]] ha nyo ŋutɔ. <ref name=WHO2013/> Dɔnutsitsi mɔnu siawo kpeɖe ɖevi million 50 aɖewo ŋu le ƒe 25 siwo vayi la me. <ref name=WHO2010a>{{cite web |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |title=whqlibdoc.who.int |format=PDF |work=[[World Health Organization]] |access-date=2015-09-19 |archive-date=2010-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108051648/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ne amewo le mitsinyedɔ la edze be woayi edzi aɖu nu nyuie eye edze be vidziwo ha nayi edzi ano no. <ref name=WHO2013/> Ne ORS si wodzrana la meli o la, woateŋu awɔe le aƒe me.<ref name=Prober2012>{{cite book|last1=Prober|first1=edited by Sarah Long, Larry Pickering, Charles G.|title=Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781455739851|page=96|edition=4th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=TN2Gu2Af1BIC&pg=PA96}}</ref> Le tsimanɔlame atraditɔe me la, [[intravenous fluids|tsidodo]] hia.<ref name=WHO2013/> Gake le go geɖewo me la, numetsi ateŋu akpɔ esia gbɔ nyuie. <ref>{{cite web|author1=ACEP|title=Nation’s Emergency Physicians Announce List of Test and Procedures to Question as Part of Choosing Wisely Campaign|url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/nations-emergency-physicians-announce-list-of-test-and-procedures-to-question-as-part-of-choosing-wisely-campaign/|website=Choosing Wisely|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> [[Antibiotic|Antibioticwo]], togbɔ be womezanɛ edziedzi o ha la, teŋu wɔadɔ nyuie le go ʋɛaɖewo me abe amesiwo le ʋumitsinyem la kple asrã sesẽ, amesiwo le [[travellers diarrhea|af]][[inflammatory bowel disease|ɔdzidede le mɔzɔzɔ megbe]], kple amesiwo ƒe afɔdzi me dɔlekuinugbagbevi aɖewo le la. <ref name=NEJM2014/> [[Loperamide|'Loperamide']] ateŋu atsi afɔdzidedea nu vie gake menyo na amesiwo ŋu dɔ sesẽ ɖo o.<ref name=NEJM2014>{{cite journal|last1=DuPont|first1=HL|title=Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetentadults.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-04-17_370_16/page/1532|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=Apr 17, 2014|volume=370|issue=16|pages=1532–40|pmid=24738670|doi=10.1056/nejmra1301069}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and Prognosis --> Mitsinyedɔ ŋutinyawo abet so billion 1.7 yi 5&nbsp; dzɔna le ƒe ɖesiaɖe me. <ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CEM2013/> Ebɔwu le [[developing countries|duk]][[inflammatory bowel disease|ɔ siwo mede]] <nowiki/>[[rotavirus vaccine|ŋug]][[inflammatory bowel disease|ɔ o]] me, afisiwo ɖeviwo lea dɔa le abe zi etɔ̃ ene le ƒe me. <ref name=WHO2013/> Vaseɖe 2012 la, eyae nye bɔbɔtɔ evelia le [[rotavirus vaccine|ɖeviwo]] [[irritable bowel syndrome|ƒe ku]] hehe vee me le ɖevi maxɔƒeatɔwo dome le xeaxeame godoo (0.76 million or 11%). <ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CDC2013/> Mitsinyedɔ ƒe amelele hea [[malnutrition]] ve eye wowɔa esia le ɖevimaxɔƒeatɔ̃wo dome. <ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Diarrhoeal disease Fact sheet N°330|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=April 2013}}</ref> Kuxe bubu siwo ateŋu va la enye lame kple susu ƒe matsimatsi. <ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Global Diarrhea Burden|url=http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/diarrhea-burden.html|website=CDC|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> ==Referensiwo== <references /> jta4tkdotejliiprt6dqq625ftjycw4 0 8857 61934 61866 2026-08-25T18:07:50Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Asrã | Image = Asrã.jpg | Caption = ''Plasmodium'' tso munɔ ƒe ta si le zɔzɔm le mu ƒe cell me | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Asrã | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Asrã''' nye [[Dɔlekui si tso mu gbɔ|dɔleame si tso mu gbɔ]] na amegbetɔwo kple la bubuwo si tsoa parasitic [[protozoanwo]] (cell ɖeka ƒe [[nugbagbevi]]) na ''[['Plasmodium']]'' gbɔ.<ref name=WHO2014/> Malaria hea dzesiwo abe [[feva]], [[malaise|ɖeɖiteameŋu]], [[trutru]] and [[taɖui|taɖuiwo]] vɛ.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Le eƒe ŋusɛ̃ nu la, ehea [[jaundice|ŋutigbale fufuu]], [[lamedzetsi|lamedzetsiwo]], [[ɖime]] alo [[ku]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Dzesi siawo dzea egɔme enuenu tso ŋkeke ewo yiɖe ŋkeke wuiatɔ le mu ƒe ameɖuɖu megbe.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dɔlele dzesiwo agatrɔ va le ɣletiwo megbe ne ame aɖe mexɔ dɔyɔyɔ blibo o.<ref name=WHO2014/> Le amesiwo me dɔlelea vɔ le la, egbugbɔ lele nu mesena o.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Dɔ malemale [[immunity|dziɖuɖu]] nɔnɔme sia dzona le ɣeyiyi abe ɣletiwo kple ƒewo me ne nye be malaria mega le ame o.<ref name=EBMED2014/> <!--Cause and diagnosis--> Zi geɖee la, woxɔa dɔlele sia tso munɔ si ŋu dɔlelea le ƒe ameɖuɖu gbɔ''[['Anopheles']]'' mosquito.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ameɖuɖu sia ɖea parasitewo tso mu ƒe ta me ɖe ame ƒe [[circulatory system|ʋu]]<ref name="WHO2014" /> me. Parasitewo zɔa yi na akla gbɔ afisi wotsina hedzi na ɖo.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> '''Plasmodium''' ƒe ƒome atɔ ateŋu ahe dɔlele ve eye amegbetɔwo ma ne.<ref name="EBMED2014" /> Ame ƒe kuku geɖe tso ''[['Plasmodium falciparum'|P. falciparum]]'' with ''[['Plasmodium vivax'|P. vivax]]'', ''[['Plasmodium ovale'|P. ovale]]'' gbɔ, eye ''[['Plasmodium malariae'|P. malariae]]'' hea asrã siŋu ŋuse mele o la ve.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="EBMED2014" /> ''[['Plasmodium knowlesi'|P. knowlesi]]'' ƒomewo mena dɔlele amegbetɔwo kabakaba o.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Wokpɔna malaria to ʋumedodo tso [[ʋu le]]wo, alo kple [[Malaria ƒe antigen kpɔkpɔ dodokpɔwo|Asr]][[dzinietɔ gbãtɔwo me|ã]] ƒe antigen kpɔkpɔ dodokpɔwo.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Wowɔ mɔnusiwo woaza [['polymerase chain reaction']] atsɔ kpɔ parasite ƒe [[DNA]] , gake mebɔ ɖe afisiwo malaria [[Endemic (epidemiology)|bɔ]] le o elabena woxɔ asi eye womele bɔbɔe o.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/243 |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–59 |pmid=22632637 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref> <!--Prevention and treatment--> Woateŋu aɖekpɔtɔ dɔa ƒe lele to mu ƒe amemaɖumaɖu me le [[mudɔ]]wo kple [[mutike]]wo zaza me, alo to mu ƒe dzidzi tsotsoɖa mɔnuwo dzi abe [[nugbagbeviwowuwu ƒe atike]]wo tsisisi kple tsimatsamatsawo ƒe ɖeɖeɖa.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Atikewɔwɔ na malaria nutsitsi ƒe mɔnuvovowo li [[malaria prophylaxis|asrã nutsitsi]] na mɔzɔla siwo yina afisi dɔlelea le.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Enye didi be woaza atikea [['sulfadoxine'/pyrimethamine]] na [[vidzi]]wo kple funɔwo le [[dzinietɔ gbãtɔwo me|dzinuetɔ gbãtɔwo me]] ƒe [[fufɔfɔ]] le teƒesiwo malaria bɔ ɖo.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Togbɔ be ehia ha la, [[vaccine]] aɖeke meli o, gake agbagbadzedze na eƒe wɔwɔ le edzi yim.<ref name=WHO2014/> Malaria ƒe atike si dzi woda asi ɖoe nye ƒuƒoƒo na [[asrãmɔxenu ƒe atike]]wo si me [['artemisinin']] le.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Atikewɔwɔ evelia enye [[mefloquine]], [[lumefantrine]], alo sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesfortre0000unse|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241547925|page=ix|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Woateŋu aza [['Quinine']] kpeɖe [['doxycycline']] ne artemisinin meli o.<ref name=WHO2010/> Le teƒe siwo dɔlelea bɔ ɖo la, ehia be woakpɔ malaria hafi woadze atike zaza me ɖe atike ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ ta [[atike ƒe ŋuse dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->Atikewo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ he malaria ƒe atikewɔwɔ geɖewo ve; le kpɔɖeŋu me, [['chloroquine']]-resistant ''P. falciparum'' kaka yiɖe malaria nɔƒe geɖewo, eye resistance na artemisinin va zu problem le Anyigbeɣedzeƒe Asia ƒe akpa aɖewo.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!--Epidemiology--> Dɔlelea bɔ ɖe [[tropicwo]] kple [[tropic viwo|tropicviwo]] nutome siwo te ɖe [[anyigbatitina]] la ŋu me.<ref name=EBMED2014>{{cite journal|last=Caraballo|first=Hector|title=Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|date=May 2014|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405}}</ref> Eɖewoe nye [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[World Health Organization]] bui be le ƒe 2012 me la, malaria le ame million 207 .<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Le ƒema me la, dɔa wu ame abe tso 473,000 yi 789,000 ene siwodometɔ geɖe nye ɖeviwo tso Africa.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> Malaria kple ahedada wodoa ka ɖeka eye wogblea nu le [[du ƒe ŋgɔyiyi]] ŋu.<ref name="IftSoL">{{Cite report |author=Gollin D, Zimmermann C |title=Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences |date=August 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Labor]] |url=http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Worrall 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K |title=Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tropical-medicine-and-international-health_2005-10_10_10/page/1047 |journal=Tropical Health and Medicine |year=2005 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1047–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x |pmid=16185240}} {{open access}}</ref> Le Africa la, wobuibe egblea ga woade abe $12 billion USD le ƒe ɖeka me to eƒe dada , dɔmateŋuwɔwɔ kple nugbegble le tourism ŋu la me.<ref name="Greenwood 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA |title=Malaria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-23-29-2005_365_9469/page/1487 |journal=Lancet |year=2005|volume=365 |issue=9469 |pages=1487–98 |pmid=15850634 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3}}</ref> ==Referensiwo== <references/> 43vysb2o9aanev7n8q31e8382z2fnf1 0 8921 61936 57802 2026-08-25T18:08:46Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Defecating into a pit (schematic) Ewe.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Afɔdzido si dzi wobɔbɔna ɖo kple agbadɔ ƒe nɔnɔmetata.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=WEDC|title=Latrine slabs: an engineer’s guide, WEDC Guide 005|publisher=Water, Engineering and Development Centre The John Pickford Building School of Civil and Building Engineering Loughborough University|isbn=978 1 84380 143 6|pages=22|url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/booklets/G005-Latrine-slabs-on-line.pdf}}</ref>]] <!-- Definition and benefits --> '''Do nugododeƒe''' or '''afɔdzidedo''' nye [[nugodo]] deƒe aɖe si lɔa [[amemi]] ɖe do si woɖe ɖe anyigba la. Mezana tsi o loo alo liter de etɔ ko atsɔ tutu mi la woadzo to ekɔkɔ ɖe miadzi me.<ref name="Till2014">{{cite book|author=Tilley, E., Ulrich, L., Lüthi, C., Reymond, Ph. and Zurbrügg, C.|title=Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies|date=2014|publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)|location=Dübendorf, Switzerland|isbn=9783906484570|edition=2|url=http://www.sandec.ch/compendium}}</ref> Ne wotui nyuie eye wole be nɛ ha nyuie la woateŋu aɖe dɔlekuiwomama dzi kpɔtɔ to afɔdzi si le anyi gbadzaa la to [[nugodo dede ɖe anyi gbadzaa]] me.<ref name=WHO3.4/><ref name=UN2015>{{cite web|title=Call to action on sanitation|url=http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf|website=United Nations|accessdate=15 August 2014|format=pdf|archive-date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513064157/http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Esia ɖea [[dɔlekuiwo]] mama le nugodo kple nuɖuɖu tso nudzodzuiwo gbɔ kpɔtɔna.<ref name=WHO3.4/> Dɔlekui siawo koŋ nana [[afɔdzidededɔ si mana bɔbɔe]] kple [[helminthiasis|ŋɔviwo le dɔkaviwo me dɔ]].<ref name=UN2015/> Afɔdzidededɔ si mana bɔbɔe la hea ku vɛ na ɖevi siwo mexɔ ƒe atɔ o la si de million 0.7 le ƒe 2011 eye wobu million 250 suku ŋkekewo.<ref name=UN2015/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=CL|last2=Rudan|first2=I|last3=Liu|first3=L|last4=Nair|first4=H|last5=Theodoratou|first5=E|last6=Bhutta|first6=ZA |last7=O'Brien|first7=KL|last8=Campbell|first8=H|last9=Black|first9=RE|title=Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-20-26-2013_381_9875/page/1405|journal=Lancet|date=Apr 20, 2013|volume=381|issue=9875|pages=1405–16|pmid=23582727|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60222-6}}</ref> Do nugododeƒewo nye mɔnu si dzi woato ama mi tso amewo gbɔ.<ref name=WHO3.4/> <!-- Construction and emptying--> Akpa etɔe le afɔdzido ŋu: do ɖeɖe ɖe anyigba, do vi ɖeɖe ɖe anyigba gota, kple xɔ.<ref name="Till2014" /> Edoa yi tome abe meter 3&nbsp (afɔ 10&nbsp) eye wokeke abe m 1 (afɔ 3.2 ).<ref name="Till2014" /> [[World Health Organization]] ɖoe be woatui ɖe afisi eƒe didime tso aƒeme gbɔ anɔ bɔbɔe na egbɔ yiyi eye eƒe ʋeʋe ha manye tukaɖa o.<ref name=WHO3.4/> Ele be eƒe tete ɖe [[tometsi]] kple [[gotatsi]] na didi vie be mahe pollution ve o. Mele be edo si woɖe ɖe atia nawu centimeter 25 (inche 9.8 ) be ɖeviwo mage dze eme o.<!-- <ref name=WHO3.4/> --> Kekle megaɖo eme o be nudzodzoewo makpɔ mɔ age ɖe eme o.<!-- <ref name=WHO3.4/> --> Ahia be woatu doa ne wome le ezam o.<ref name=WHO3.4>{{cite web|title=Simple pit latrine (fact sheet 3.4)|url=http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Js13461e/3.4.html|website=who.int|date=1996|accessdate=15 August 2014|archive-date=19 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219220918/http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Js13461e/3.4.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ne edoa yɔ abe meter 0.5 (afɔ 1.6), ele be woalɔe alo woatu yeye woaɖe xɔa ɖa alo woagbugbɔ tui ɖe teƒe yeyea.<ref name="VIP2003">{{cite book|author1=François Brikké|title=Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9241562153|page=108|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562153.pdf|access-date=2015-10-13|archive-date=2005-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105100412/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562153.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Belele na [[fecal sludge]] si woɖe tso doa me nyea nusese. Ne womewɔe nyuie o la, ehea yame kple lamese tukaɖa va nɛ. <!-- Improvements --> Woateŋu tu afɔdzido ɖe dzi le mɔ geɖewo me. Ɖekae nye woana mɔ ya ƒe dodo le eme va gota.<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Esia hea ya ƒe dodo ɖe dzi eye woɖea eƒe ʋeʋe dzi kpɔtɔ na.<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Egahea nudzodzoewo ɖa ne woxe eta kple mesh (zigeɖe wowɔe kple [[fiberglass]]).<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Afɔdzisiawo ƒomevi mehia be woatu doa le gota o.<ref name=VIP2003/> Tutuɖedzi mɔnu bubuwoe nye woatui be aɖuɖɔ atsa yiɖe doa me eye woatu gota godzi woase kple ekpe alo cement kpeviwo be woanɔ te sesie.<ref name="Till2014" /><ref name=VIP2003/> <!-- Usage, Society and Culture --> Vaseɖe ƒe 2013 me la, ame million 1.77 za na afɔdzido.<ref name=Graham2013>{{cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=JP|last2=Polizzotto|first2=ML|title=Pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality: a systematic review.|journal=Environmental health perspectives|date=May 2013|volume=121|issue=5|pages=521–30|pmid=23518813|doi=10.1289/ehp.1206028}}</ref> Esia bɔ wu le [[dukɔ siwo le tsitsim]] kple le [[kɔƒe]] kpakple [[gbedada]] teƒewo. Le ƒe 2011 me la, nugododeƒe nyuie me le ame million 2.5 billion si o eye billion ɖeka denɛ ɖe [[nugodo dede ɖe anyi gbadzaa]] woƒe gotanɔƒewo.<ref name="UN2014Report" /> [[Asia ƒe nyiehe]] kple [[Sub-Sahara ƒe Africa]] woe si nugododeƒe nyuie me li o.<ref name=UN2014Report>{{cite book|title=Progress on sanitation and drinking-water - 2014 update.|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241507240|pages=16–20|url=http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf|format=pdf|access-date=2015-10-13|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171208/http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Le dukɔmayiŋgɔ me la, afɔdzido tutu xɔ asi abe USD 25 kple 60.<ref name="Wiley-Blackwell">{{cite book|last1=Selendy|first1=Janine M. H.|title=Water and sanitation-related diseases and the environment challenges, interventions, and preventive measures|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118148600|page=25|edition=|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=nZlS4ZfUOZUC&pg=PA25}}</ref> Belele nɛ edziedzi axɔ abe USD 1.5 kple 4 na ame ɖeka le ƒe ɖeka me; esi amewomenya o.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa Where Do We Stand?|date=2013|publisher=Intl Water Assn|isbn=9781780405414|page=161|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=_CkDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161}}</ref> Le kɔƒe du aɖewo [[India]] me la, woɖo "Ne Nugododeƒe Meli o la, Maɖe Nyɔnu o" ɖoɖowo anyi be woatsɔ he afɔdzitutu ɖe dzi to nyɔnuwo ƒe gbegbe be yewomaɖe ŋtsu si si afɔdzi me li o.<ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book|title=Global Problems, Smart Solutions: Costs and Benefits|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107435247|page=623|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=g9tRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA623}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations/haryanas-scarce-women-tell-potential-suitors-no-loo-no-i-do-guest-post-by-yaniv-stopnitzky|title = Haryana's scarce women tell potential suitors: "No loo, no I do"|date = 12 December 2011|accessdate = 17 November 2014|website = Development Impact|publisher = Blog of World Bank|last = Stopnitzky|first = Yaniv}}</ref> ==Referensiwo== <references/> skkw2o4hz1bya4htsvv22hlgean631y 0 8922 61932 61868 2026-08-25T18:06:23Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Nunyiamemademade | Image = Orange ribbon.svg | Caption = Ribɔn si de ama abe antiɖiɖi ene — [[ribɔn si ɖea dzeside]] na nunyiamemademade. | Width = 120 | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = 263.9 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000404 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 1360 | MeshID = D044342 }} <!-- Definition and Symptoms --> '''Nunyiamemademade''' alo '''nunyiameɖuɖumademade''' nye nɔnɔme si tsoa nuɖuɖu si me [[nunyiame]]wo me li o alo si me wobɔ ɖo fuu si hea dɔlelewo vɛ.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|five/000062745|malnutrition}}</ref><ref name=FFL2010>{{cite book|first1=UNICEF|title=Facts for life|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Children's Fund|location=New York|isbn=978-92-806-4466-1|pages=61 and 75|edition=4th ed.|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|access-date=2015-10-14|archive-date=2018-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212170249/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Nunyiame siawo nye : [[lamemiwo]], [[protein]], [[carbohydratewo]], [[vitamin]]wo alo [[nunyiamekuiwo|mineral]]wo.<ref name=FFL2010/> Zigeɖe la, woyɔ ne be '''nunyiamemademade''' ne lamemiwo, protein alo [[nunyiamekuiwo]] mebɔ o; gake, woga yɔ ne be [[nunyiamedewu]].<ref name=Young2012>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=E.M.|title=Food and development|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=9781135999414|pages=36–38|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=XhwKwNzJVjQC&pg=PA36}}</ref><ref name=Jones2011>{{cite book|title=Essentials of International Health|date=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9781449667719|page=194|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lt7TqZPZSlIC&pg=PA194}}</ref> Ne nunyiamemademade le vidzi le [[fufɔfɔ]] alo hafi woxɔ ƒe eve me la, ateŋugble nu le eƒe tsitsi ŋu tegbetegbe.<ref name=FFL2010/> Nunyiameɖuɖumademade ƒe sesietɔ si woyɔ na be [[numaɖumaɖu]], ateŋu ahe dzesiwo abe: kpuienyenye, makɔmakɔ, ŋusemanɔamesi, kple afɔ kple [[dɔme]] ƒe tete.<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=Young2012/> Zigeɖe ha la, amewo kpɔ na infectionwo eye wogakpɔ na [[lamefafa|fafa]] edziedzi .<!-- <ref name=Young2012/> --> [[Nuɖuɖukui mademade]] ƒe dzesiwo tsoa nuɖuɖukui si me le nuɖuɖua me o.<ref name=Young2012/> <!-- Cause --> Undernourishment zigeɖe la tsoa nuɖuɖu nyuie maɖumaɖu gbɔ.<ref name=WHO2014/> Etsoa nuɖuɖu xoasiwo gbɔ kple [[poverty]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=WHO2014/> [[breast feeding]] manɔanyi ateŋu he vɛ, nenemake [[infectious diseases]] abe: [[gastroenteritis]], [[pneumonia]], [[malaria]] kple [[measles]] siwo hia nunyiame le agbɔsɔsɔ me.<ref name=WHO2014/> Undernutrition ƒe ha evee le: [[protein-energy malnutrition]] kple dietary deficiencies.<ref name=Jones2011/> Protein-energy malnutrition ƒe sesie ha eve le: [[marasmus]] (a lack of protein and calories) kple [[kwashiorkor]] (a lack of just protein).<ref name=Young2012/>Micronutrient manɔanyi bɔbɔtɔwoe nye: [[iron deficiency|iron]], [[iodine deficiency|iodine]] kple [[vitamin A deficiency|vitamin A]] manɔanyi.<ref name=Young2012/> Le [[pregnancy]] yi la, le nunyiamewo ƒe zaza le agbɔsɔsɔ me ta la, woƒe vɔvɔ bɔ ŋutɔ.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Konje|first1=editor, Mala Arora ; co-editor, Justin C.|title=Recurrent pregnancy loss|date=2007|publisher=Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788184480061|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Le [[developing countries]] la, overnutrition le [[obesity]] ƒe nɔnɔme me la, nyea undernutrition le teƒe ɖekawo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2015-10-14|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154958/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Malnutrition ƒe dzɔtsoƒeɖewoe nye [[anorexia nervosa]] kple [[bariatric surgery]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prentice|first1=editor-in-chief, Benjamin Caballero ; editors, Lindsay Allen, Andrew|title=Encyclopedia of human nutrition|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9780080454283|page=68|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DHtERWm0mrcC&pg=RA1-PA68}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Stoelting's anesthesia and co-existing disease|date=2012|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781455738120|page=324|edition=6th ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=yxTtmJYPUV0C&pg=PA324}}</ref> Malnutrition bɔ wu le [[elderly]] me ɖe woƒe physical, psychological kple social nyawo ta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic,|title=Principles and practice of geriatric surgery|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9781441969996|page=78|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=VcgmpMZE6a8C&pg=PA87}}</ref> <!-- Treatment --> Mɔnuwo be woahe [[nutrition]] ɖe ŋgɔ nyea mɔnuwo abe [[development aid]].<ref name=UK2012/> Notsi nono ateŋu aɖe malnutrition dzi kple ku le ɖeviwo me,<ref name=FFL2010/> eye mɔnuwo be woado eƒe wɔwɔ ɖe dzi ha hene ɖe dzi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Nuɖuɖu kple notsi nana ɖeviwo le ɣleti ade kple ƒe eve me la hea dometsonuwo vɛ.<ref name=Bh2013/> Nutsotsowo de megbe na [[dietary supplements|supplementation]] tso micronutrients zaza le fufɔfɔ me kple le ɖeviwo me le teƒesiwo heɖe megbe le ŋgɔdonyawo me le ɣeɣeame.<ref name=Bh2013/> Be woana nuɖuɖu amesiwo wohia wu la nuɖuɖua tsɔtsɔ na kple ga nana be amewo ateŋu aƒle nuɖuɖu le woŋutɔ ƒe asime nyo ŋutɔ.<ref name=UK2012/><ref>{{cite web|title=World Food Programme, Cash and Vouchers for Food|url=http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp246176.pdf|website=WFP.org|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref> Nuɖuɖu nana amewo le suku ko mede o.<ref name=UK2012/> Malnutrition sesietɔ ƒe dada le aƒe me kpeɖe [[therapeutic food#Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food|ready-to-use therapeutic foods]] ŋu le bɔbɔe ɣesiayi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ame siwo le malnutrition sesietɔ kpeɖe dɔlele bubuwo ŋu la, elebe woaxɔ dɔdada le kɔdzi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Esia kuɖe asitɔtrɔ le [[hypoglycemia|low blood sugar]], [[hypothermia|body temperature]], [[dehydration]], kple edziedzi nuɖuɖu.<ref name=Bh2013/><ref name=WHO2003>{{cite book|first1=World Health Organization. Authors: Ann Ashworth|title=Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesforinp0000unse|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9241546093}}</ref> [[antibiotic]]wo zaza edziedzi hia ɖe infection kpɔkpɔ ta.<ref name=WHO2003/>Ŋugɔgbe mɔnu aɖewoe nye: agbledede mɔnuwo dzi tutuɖo,<ref name=solcultivateplanet>{{cite journal |author=Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O’Connell, Deepak K. Ray, Paul C. West, Christian Balzer, Elena M. Bennett, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jason Hill1, Chad Monfreda, Stephen Polasky1, Johan Rockström, John Sheehan, Stefan Siebert, David Tilman1, David P. M. Zaks |title=Solutions for a cultivated planet |journal=Nature |volume=478 |issue=7369 |pages=337–342 |date=October 2011|pmid=21993620|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html |doi=10.1038/nature10452}}</ref> kotɔnyenye dzi ɖeɖe, tutuɖe [[sanitation]], kple [[empowering women|empowerment of women]].<ref name=UK2012/> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Le 2010 me la, ame million&nbsp;925 undernourished woe le xexeame, eye ame million&nbsp;80 kpeɖeŋu tso ƒe 1990.<ref name=FAO2010>{{cite web|title=Xexeame godoo ƒe dɔwuame nu le ɖeɖem kpɔtɔ, gake edzitsotso ƒe didiwo nu le sesem |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al390e/al390e00.pdf|website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=1 July 2014|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Fao2008>{{cite book|last1=Food|last2=(FAO)|first2=Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=The state of food insecurity in the world, 2008 : high food prices and food security : threats and opportunities|date=2008|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)|location=Rome|isbn=978-92-5-106049-0|page=2|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm|quote=FAO ƒe bu amesiwo dɔ wu na [actually, malnourished] ƒe ɣeɣleme abe million 923 le ƒe 2007, esia dzi ɖe edzi abe million 80 tso 1990–92 ƒe ɣeyiyi me.}}</ref> Wobui be vitaminwo kple nunyiamewo me le ame billion bubuwo si o.<ref name=UK2012>{{cite web|title=An update of ‘The Neglected Crisis of Undernutrition: Evidence for Action’|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67319/undernutrition-finalevidence-oct12.pdf|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=Department for International Development|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=Oct 2012}}</ref> Le ƒe 2010 me la, wobui be [[protein-energy malnutrition]] he ame 600,000 ɖe ku me tso ku abe 883,000 le ƒe 1990.<ref name=Loz2012/> Nunyiame manɔamesi bubuwo abe [[iodine deficiency]] kple [[iron deficiency anemia]], ame abe 84,000 bubu geɖe ɖe ku me.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal |author=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. |title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2095–128 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245604 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095}}</ref> Vaseɖe ƒe 2010 dzi la, Undernutrition hea 1.4% na [[disability adjusted life years]] va nɛ.<ref name=UK2012/><ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2197|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> Abe akpa etɔ mama na ekuwo kata tso undernutrition gbɔ; gake, zigeɖee womebune nenema o.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health|url=http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref>Le ƒe 2010 me la, eyae he nyɔnuwo kple ɖeviwo ƒe ku abe mellion 1.5 <ref name=Lim2012>{{cite journal |author=Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. |title=A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2224–60 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245609 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2224}}</ref> gake wobuibbe xexlemea wu ame million&nbsp;3.<ref name="Bh2013"/> Ɖeviwo abe million 165&nbsp;le [[stunted growth]] tso dɔlelea me.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Maternal and Child Nutrition Study|first11=Group|title=Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_august-3-9-2013_382_9890/page/452|journal=Lancet|date=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> Undernutrition bɔ le [[dukɔsiwo ŋgɔ yiyi me bɔ ɖo o]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Liz Young|title=World Hunger Routledge Introductions to Development|date=2002|isbn=9781134774944|page=20|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=w4CGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> ==Referensiwo== <references /> 2xu9ktsd57fs875pauzc1qhyxzeheqb 0 9238 61935 57129 2026-08-25T18:08:25Z InternetArchiveBot 12362 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 61935 wikitext text/x-wiki Afrikatɔwo yizɔmɔ yi Europe nye ame siwo le Europe eye wo nye Afrika vi dzidziwo. == Ŋutinya == Wodzi Romantɔwo ƒe dzidula, Septimius Severus le Afrika Gbegadzi si nye egbe Libya. Afrika gbegadzitɔwo ʋu yi Britain le Romantɔwo ƒe dzidudume.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/evidence-of-upper-class-africans-living-in-roman-york-1914553.html|title=Evidence of 'upper class' Africans living in Roman York|author=Ann Wuyts|date=22 October 2011|work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/26/roman-york-skeleton|title=African origin of Roman York's rich lady with the ivory bangle|author=Maev Kennedy|newspaper=The Guardian|date=26 February 2010}}</ref> Wokpɔ Britishi yevu ŋutsu adewo si tɔ ƒome nkɔ deka be ʋukɔme dzidzi yike tso Sub Sahara afrika nutsuade gome lewosi si ke nɔ anyi le ƒe akpe adewo megbe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11018-genes-reveal-west-african-heritage-of-white-brits/|title=Genes reveal West African heritage of white Brits|author=Roxanne Khamsi|work=[[New Scientist]]|date=24 January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/01/070124-british-genes_2.html|title=Rare African DNA Discovered in White British Males|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/3350677/Yorkshire-name-reveals-roots-in-Africa.html|title=Yorkshire name reveals roots in Africa|author=Roger Highfield, Science Editor|date=24 January 2007|website=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6293333.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Science/Nature - Yorkshire clan linked to Africa|website=News.bbc.co.uk|date=24 January 2007|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmc=2590664 |title=Africans in Yorkshire? - the deepest-rooting clade of the Y phylogeny within an English genealogy |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics : Ejhg |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=288–293 |date=28 September 2015 |url=http://Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |last1=King |first1=T. E. |last2=Parkin |first2=E. J. |last3=Swinfield |first3=G. |last4=Cruciani |first4=F. |last5=Scozzari |first5=R. |last6=Rosa |first6=A. |last7=Lim |first7=S. K. |last8=Xue |first8=Y. |last9=Tyler-Smith |first9=C. |last10=Jobling |first10=M. A. |pmid=17245408 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201771 }}</ref> == Mɔzɔzɔ ƒe mɔwo == Tso eƒe 1960 yina la, Morocco, Algeria kple Tunisia nye dukɔ yome mɔzɔzɔ tso Afrika yi Europe tsona le gbɔsusume sike na dzidzime viwo si tso dukɔ yome me le Europe sugbɔ le alafa 20 ƒe nuwuwu. Le eƒe siwo kplɔ ami ƒe tukara mela, mɔzɔzɔ yi Europe ɖukɔwome vasese. Eya menabe mɔzɔzɔ tso Afrika dziehe nutso o, ke bonu woana amesiwo zɔmɔ vayi kple woƒomewo nanɔ anyi mlɔeba. Mɔzɔzɔ yawo geɖe tso Mahgreb nto me yi [[Frans|France]], Netherlands, [[Belgium]] kple Germany. Tso eƒe 1980 dome yina, Ɖukɔsiwo me mɔzɔla yawo yina keke gede [[Spain]] kple Italy elabe ɖukɔsiawo ɖi dɔwɔla siwo bi de woƒe dɔwɔwɔme le agbosusume.<ref name="de Haas">{{cite journal|title=The Myth of Invasion: the inconvenient realities of African migration to Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2008_29_7/page/1305|first=Hein|last=de Haas|journal=Third World Quarterly|volume=29|issue=7|pages=1305–1322|year=2008|doi=10.1080/01436590802386435}}</ref> Spain kple Italy de Visa nudidiwo de mɔzɔlawo si tso Mahgreb ntome le eƒe 1990 ƒe gomedzedze me sike nabe mɔzɔzɔ le emo bada di to Mediterranean me vayi dzi. <ref name="de Haas" /> Tso eƒe 2000-2005, ame 440,000 zɔmɔ tso Africa yi Europe.<ref>World migration 2008: Managing labour mobility in the evolving global economy Volume 4 of IOM world migration report series, International Organization for Migration, Hammersmith Press, 2008 {{ISBN|978-92-9068-405-3}}, pp. 38, 407.</ref> Le Hei de Haas. amega na International Migration Institute le Oxford Suku game ƒe nuƒoƒome a, dutoƒonuƒo le Afrikatɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ va Europe le abe Israel tɔwo ƒe dzodzo le Israel ene sike nye mɔzɔla siwo zɔmɔ le emɔ bada dzi tso aʋawɔwɔ kple ehia me. Amega ya be yeme hɔ dzi se o elabe mɔzɔla siawo gede nye gbalɛnyalawo eye wo atenu aɣe efe si hia na emɔzɔzɔla. eyi edzi gblɔ bena, mɔzɔzɔ tso Afrika yi Europe tso alesike dukɔsiawo hia dɔwɔlawo le asinudɔ gede me. Egblɔbe gede zɔna mɔ le wɔntɔ wodokui shi tsɔ awu yike woadzra wo. Egblɔ yidzi be togbobe nyakakamɔnuwo susu be mɔzɔla mawɔsedzi yawo vana tso eƒu dzi ha, mele nenema o. Gede va na abe tsadimɔzɔlawo ene"<ref name="de Haas" /> alo tso agbale fitifiti wo dzi alo to Spain ntowo me abe Ceuta kple Melilla ene. Ebe Afrika mɔzɔla mawɔsedzi gede wo zɔnamɔ le emɔ nyuitɔ dzi gake gede tsi na nyi wu game si woƒe Visa nawo. Nenemake, mɔzɔla me nunyala, Stephen Catsles ha gblɔ bena, togbɔbe nyakakamɔnuwo elidom tso Afika tɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ le agbosusume ha, ɣeɣleme ya lia, mesugbo o."<ref name="Castles">{{cite journal|title=Development and Migration — Migration and Development: What Comes First? Global Perspective and African Experiences|first=Stephen|last=Castles|journal=Theoria|year=2009|volume=56|issue=121|pages=1–31|doi=10.3167/th.2009.5512102}}</ref> Le Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) ƒe kpɔkpɔnu a, Africa tɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ yi dukɔ dengor me mesugbɔ abe alesi mɔzɔzɔ le hihame o.BBC gblɔ dogo be le eƒe 2007 me a,International Organisation for Migration be Afrika mɔzɔlawo abe million 4.5 le alo million Europe gake Migration Policy Institute be Afrika mɔzɔla mawɔsedzi abe million 7 alo million 8 le EU dukɔwome.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6228236.stm|title=Key facts: Africa to Europe migration|publisher=BBC News|date=2 July 2007|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> == References == 33s2lqr60pjfylbphojk2o58n55t0u6 0 11417 61937 2026-08-26T05:40:13Z Wonder Genya 16309 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360160507|George Oduro]]" 61937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Boahen Oduro''' <ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/nppdecides-profiles-of-aspirants-going-unopposed-in-ashanti-region/george-boahen-oduro/ GEORGE BOAHEN ODURO]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> nye Ghana dunyahela eye wònye [[:en:MPs_elected_in_the_Ghanaian_parliamentary_election,_2016|Ghana Dukɔ Enelia ƒe Sewɔtakpekpe Adrelia]] me tɔ si teƒenɔla New Edubease Nutome le [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Nuto me]] le New Patriotic Party ƒe tikiti dzi. <ref name=":0">[https://ghanamps.com/mp/oduro-george/ Oduro, George]. ''Ghana MPS''. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</ref> Enye Nuɖuɖu Kple Agbledede ƒe Dɔdzikpɔla ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ. <ref>[https://www.thepublisheronline.com/ministers-mps-could-soon-be-forced-to-farm/ Ministers, MPs Could Soon Be Forced To Farm]. ''The Publisher Online''. 7 November 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> <ref>Europa (7 November 2017). [https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/npp-govt-ghanas-ministers-mps-may-soon-be-forced-to-farm/z78j6s0 Ghana's ministers, MPs may soon be forced to farm]. ''Pulse Ghana''. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</ref> <ref>Awal, Mohammed (20 October 2021). [https://thebftonline.com/2021/10/20/govt-assures-of-addressing-agric-sector-challenges/ Gov't assures of addressing agric sector challenges]. ''[[:en:Business_and_Financial_Times|Business and Financial Times]]''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> <ref>admin (27 May 2020). [https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/3000-ejisu-juaben-rice-farmers-to-benefit-from-mofa-subsidised-inputs/ 3,000 Ejisu, Juaben rice farmers to benefit from MoFA subsidised inputs]. ''[[:en:Ghanaian_Times|Ghanaian Times]]''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> == Ðevimenɔɣi kple sukudede == Wodzi George Oduro le Kele 10, 1965 dzi, eye wòtso Atobiase le Ashanti Nuto me. Exɔ eƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ le Dɔwɔwɔwo Kple Dɔwɔnawo Dzikpɔkpɔ me tso Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA) le ƒe 2013 me. Le ƒe 2015 me la, wonɛ Masters In Business Administrations(MBA) ɖaseɖigbalẽ le Asitsatsa le Dukɔwo Dome tso Analt Yunivɛsiti. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231106101940/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=179 Parliament of Ghana]. ''Parliament Of Ghana''. Archived from [https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=179 the origina]l on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2020</ref> == Ame ŋutɔ ƒe agbenɔnɔ == Oduro nye Kristotɔ. == Dᴐwᴐna == Oduro nye Cedar Seal Company Limited ƒe Dɔwɔwɔwo/Dɔwɔnawo Dɔdzikpɔla le Accra. == Dunyahehe == Enye New Patriotic Party me tɔ eye wònye Sewɔtakpekpe me tɔ (MP) tsã na New Edubease Nutome. <ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/971694/i-have-regretted-for-being-an-mp-oduro-boahen.html I Have Regretted For Being An MP-Oduro Boahen]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> <ref>"[https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/new-edubiase/ New Edubiase – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report]". Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> <ref>"[https://www.graphic.com.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136530&catid=9 Ashanti NPP primaries: Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu, seven others go unopposed]". ''[[:en:Daily_Graphic_(Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> <ref>Buzi, Nana Theo (12 July 2022). "[https://wontumionline.com/vote-for-competent-leaders-its-the-most-crucial-election-george-oduro-urges-delegates-ahead-of-npp-delegates-conference/ Vote For Competent Leaders; It's The Most Crucial Election- George Oduro Urges Delegates Ahead of NPP Delegates Conference]". ''Wontumi Online''. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> == Dɔmenyonunana == Le Masa 2019 me la, etsɔ dzokekewo na [[:en:Ghana_Education_Service|GES]] ƒe nutome sue dzikpɔlawo si ade 8 . <ref>Abayateye, Michael (24 August 2022). "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201906260639.html Ghana: New Edubiase MP Donates Motorbikes to Circuit Supervisors]". ''AllAfrica''. Retrieved 28 June 2019.</ref> Le Dzome 2020 me la, etsɔ avɔlɔ̃mɔ̃wo na dɔsrɔ̃viwo si ade 40 le eƒe nutoa me. <ref>Bonney, Abigail (23 December 2020). "[[Defeated MP sponsor constituents for vocational skills]]". ''Adomonline''. Retrieved 24 August 2022</ref> <ref>Adwenpa-Hene (24 November 2020). "[https://myghanamedia.com/deputy-agric-minister-donates-40-sewing-machine-and-gh%c2%a2-17600-to-fashion-designers-in-new-edubiase/ Deputy Agric Minister Donates 40 Sewing Machine And Gh¢ 17,600 To Fashion Designers In New Edubiase. - MYGHANAMEDIA.COM]". ''My Ghana media''. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</ref> == Nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo == [[Category:Ame siwo wodzi le ƒe 1955 me]] [[Category:New Patriotic Party Dunyahelawo]] [[Category:Ame nɔagbe]] [[Category:Ghanavi Sewɔtakpekpemetɔwo 2017-2021]] ss6smg1kpggwf4z1hzbu38gmeasagvl