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Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion
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== [[Investiture of the Gods]] ==
See [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Investiture of the Gods]] for the original deletion discussion; some extra discussion here at Wikibooks is at [[User talk:Darin Fidika~enwikibooks#Investiture of the Gods]]. This is a kind of reading guide or explanatory commentary for English-language speakers on the ''[[wikipedia:Fengshen Yanyi|Fengshen Yanyi]]'', a notable historical work of Chinese literature which features extensive references to Chinese folk religion and mythology; it is now being discussed at the Wikisource sister project: see [[wikisource:Wikisource:Proposed deletions#Portal:Investiture of the Gods]] and the subsequent discussion here at [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#A discussion about Investiture of the Gods]].
Overall, it seems clear enough that the merit of keeping this work at Wikibooks was never even discussed or assessed in the first place; an overbroad claim was simply initially presented that it ''wholly consists of a translation of Fengshen Yanyi ... with no annotations to make it an annotated text for suitable inclusion'', which went unchallenged as the work was straightforwardly transwikied to Wikisource, but this is shown to be incorrect: rather, it contains extensive chapter summaries and an explanatory "Categorization of Events" for each chapter, and is ''not'', by all evidence, a verbatim translation of the original Chinese work (if it was such, it could simply be hosted on English Wikisource, which allows for such translations).
ISTM that Wikibooks is the most suitable Wikimedia project for hosting this particular content of clear educational value, given its existing policies on hosting both instructional texts in general and "annotated" works specifically. (For example, [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?#What is Wikibooks]] explicitly allows for "extensive book summaries" when they're about a historically notable work of literature. The in-context example is Shakespeare, but considering a work of Chinese literature such as the ''Fengshen Yanyi'' instead only strengthens the case for inclusion.) --[[Special:Contributions/~2025-27371-40|~2025-27371-40]] ([[User talk:~2025-27371-40|talk]]) 12:12, 1 December 2025 (UTC)
:Noting here for transparency that this was requested on [[Wikibooks:Requests for import#Import request: Investiture of the Gods]], but instead of being imported here, it was imported to Wikiversity by Koavf. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
== [[Character Encodings]] ==
*I didn't see the deletion discussion, as the latest author of this wikibook. <s>I want to know what work could be done to fix this, if it was restored.</s> I see that it needs content outside of code tables for it to be valid- if restored, I will add pages for MS-DOS, HP, and EBCDIC. What else needs to be done? If restoring is impossible, I at least want to view it.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:37, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
**Maybe this can be merged into [[Introduction to Computer Information Systems]] or something similar. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
**:Hi, [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]]. I closed a [[Special:Diff/4622001|recent deletion discussion]] about the book, because: {{tq|Was never fleshed out into a proper book and consists only of code tables}}. I'll ping @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] here if they have a second opinion, and because they created the discussion (that never had any participation). There were hundreds of pages in this book that will take some time to restore. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:32, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
**::Chiming in here to elaborate on my reasoning! Per [[WB:WIW]], {{tq|as a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion. Non-fictional books (as well as fictional ones) that aren't instructional aren't allowed on Wikibooks}}. Examples of nonfictional books that aren't instructional/allowed include reference works like dictionaries, which are only really allowed as part of larger instructional books and not on their own. Based on the contents I saw here, the content was solely reference materials and not instructional materials. I see no problem with consolidating and migrating the content to something like a useful appendix as part of another book. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::Note that these pages were created as transwiki back in late 2024 from Wikipedia (and they were deleted afterwards), and since these were deleted now from WikiBooks, they're no longer visible (also, they're still deleted from Wikipedia). However, "Wayback Machine" seems to have a copy of it, but it may not be complete.
**:::If a restoration here isn't possible, what should be done instead?
**:::[[Special:Contributions/~2026-15548-70|~2026-15548-70]] ([[User talk:~2026-15548-70|talk]]) 19:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::This was actually created in an earlier transwiki from Wikipedia (there were two)<s>-</s> the first being in July 2020. I support the proposal to make it an appendix to Introduction to Computer Information Systems or something similar.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 20:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::::{{ping|Alexlatham96}} which pages would you want to be undeleted? I can help. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::Let's start with the MS-DOS (code page numbers 3846 and lower) and HP code tables section, because these were the most recently transwikied (people will be especially looking for code pages 775, 852, 855, 857, and 860). Once this is done, we can do the EBCDIC code tables, which were also transwikied (and I finished adding what was planned for Wikipedia).[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:17, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::::::I've undeleted all HP code table sections, and to clarify, do you want ALL MS-DOS sections lower than 3846 (including undeleting those in the 100-700 range) to be undeleted? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:31, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::::Yes, including 3846. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:55, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::::::::{{done|All done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:29, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::::::Great. Let me know when you have time to undelete the EBCDIC section- people will be looking for code pages 37, 500, 875, and 1026 especially.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 22:10, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::::::Update: also the two in the ISO section- these are standards.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 06:29, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
***Thank you. I also see that the old administrator is inactive, and never found out about this. There <s>will</s> may have to be a new administrator other than me, since I am not one on Wikipedia or Wikibooks. <s>Does another user with knowledge of the topic like Drmccreedy or HarJIT have admin powers?</s>[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
***Update: I found out they do not have admin rights, but can still do non-admin tasks. The authors of Unicode's legacy encoding proposals (latest being L2-26/077) could also help out if they're active here.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:55, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
== Markdown ==
The page [[Markdown]] was short but pretty sweet. It showed Markdown features by example and contained decent external links. He who would want to expand the page had the option. I find the page to be a minimum useful product/artifact, to be ideally restored. For reference, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250427011600/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Markdown the page in Wayback Machine]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:36, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] who marked the page for speedy deletion. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:00, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] thank you! I think for me this relates to recent on-wiki discussions we've been having in the sense that I don't think it makes sense to host any content that could theoretically be improved by someone at some time in the future. Even if the content is valid (which it seems to be!), the work is not set up to be book-like, I don't think it's in scope here, and I can't see someone coming around and turning it into a book within a reasonable time frame. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:42, 8 May 2026 (UTC)
::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:28, 8 May 2026 (UTC)
::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} The content is not book-like, but I do not recall this having been a requirement in Wikibooks (despite the name). If there is a requirement that the content should be book-like, it should be made into a policy. I created other pages that were instructional with no chance of being book-like in the past. Some examples of non-book-like pages include [[less]], [[grep]] and [[sed]].
::: The content is minimum useful artifact for the head and is instructional.
::: Either way, can you please at least restore the content in my user space? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:15, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] language in policy does refer to Wikibooks content as book-like. For example, per [[WB:WIW]]:
::::* {{tq|"The site should primarily be used for developing textbooks, textbook-like books, and supporting book-based instructional materials"}}
::::* {{tq|"As a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion"}}
::::* {{tq|"Wikibooks includes both minor and major book-like projects"}}
::::For other admins: if I am missing something obvious, please let me know. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:43, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} Thank you. I note: 1) it says "primarily", which means "not exclusively"; 2) "instructional materials" is much broader than books.
::::: Moreover, I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&oldid=3797401 2021 version] of the policy and did not find the text you are quoting. When was the text introduced, by what process and who approved the text? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:25, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Part of the answer lies in [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&diff=prev&oldid=4377929 this edit] of yours from 9 March 2024, which does not trace to a discussion or a vote, but traces to [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]]. However, [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] is not marked as a policy.
::::: Be it as it may, it does not answer my question: where is the evidence of consensus for the changes, minimally in the form of a discussion, and ideally in the form of a request for comments or a vote?
::::: Let me also ask from the point of view of examining other examples that I already brought up: is it your view that [[less]], [[sed]] and [[grep]] should be deleted as non-books, too short to be considered books?
::::: Let me also ask about the ''process'': why was RFD not used and instead speedy was used? From what I recall, Wikibooks used to delete subpar content via RFD, including all those outlines with no content proper. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:41, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]
::::::# That's a good catch about the March 9 edit—I can't recall why I made that decision, but I think you're right that moving text from a non-policy page to a policy page without discussion is not appropriate. My understanding is that the general sentiment is still correct, but we'll need more community discussion to officially integrate it into policy.
::::::# Regarding the other examples you listed: assuming the book-like requirement is the community consensus, I don't think they can stand on their own, but it might be possible to turn them into a more cohesive book.
::::::# Regarding the process, I flagged for speedy deletion because I was on the fence about whether it was a speedy or an RFD—in these cases, I usually flag for another admin to review instead of making the deletion myself.
::::::Since this is getting more into community consensus territory, I am looping in other active users and admins to weigh in @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:04, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::: @Kittycataclysm: Thank you for this response. And let me also thank you for your clean-up effort at Wikibooks; hardly anyone wants to do that and you seem to be doing quite a lot of it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:56, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Wikibooks has never been heavy on written policies and tends to operate in line with what the current active community thinks is right. This isn't unusual, many small projects work like that. So getting hung up on who edited a policy and whether it was approved isn't really important - there have been many proposals put forward to amend WIW, and you need to search to find them as they are buried in different talk pages and project pages - what's important is what the community wants to do now. For what it is worth it is pretty clear from its very inception that the intention of Wikibooks was to host textbooks (see [[m:Talk:Science_Hypertextbook_project]]). That doesn't preclude the community from changing its mind, now or in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:23, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::: 1) This use of the word "community" (instead of e.g. "editors") is a huge red flag. 2) The above attitude allows for a manipulation of the project, especially by people who are more interested in exercising their power than contributing any useful content. If there really is a consensus of the "current active community" (whatever that is supposed to mean), that current community should not have any difficulty passing it through a request for comment or a vote. From my experience, projects that disregard policies start to get controlled by bad actors, often actors who do not have the skill to do any content work so they natually tend toward mere administrators (also known by Steve Jobs as bozos). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:06, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::My thoughts are mostly with Marc's and Leaderboard's here. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 22:57, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::+1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 17:32, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think the book does not qualify in its current state (but as a draft, wouldn't have qualified for deletion either). Markdown is indeed a language without a lot to write; however, I think the book is too small as written. The fact that it's only a single page is fine. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:08, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:: But ''why'' does it not qualify, given it shows the most important features of Markup by example? (It is not a book and probably never will be. It is too short for that and will be too short, even if expanded.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::It's too brief in my opinion. A Wikibook tends to have significantly more detail, even if it's just one page. I think the book can absolutely be expanded in a form that will allow it to stay here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:15, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Brief for what purpose or objective? As a user of Markdown, I want to know the answer to the following questions: 1) What is the core syntax of Markdown (so that I can use it productively)? 2) What are some of the best external sources about Markdown? I provided an answer to both questions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:21, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
nywtjyjq2spmofohfzsu525hbxyzayu
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{{unit}}
The '''mm''', is the symbol for millimetre (millimeter in US spelling), which is an SI unit of measurement for length. It is equal to 1/1000 [[Cookbook:m|m]]. There are 25.4 mm per [[Cookbook:Inch|inch]]. There are 10 mm per [[Cookbook:cm|cm]].
As many recipes have been crudely converted from one system to another, a similarly crude conversion back may yield the original recipe.
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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5
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{{Chess Position
|Parham attack
|aka=Wayward queen, Danvers, patzer's opening/attack,
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C20]]
|parent=[[../|Open game]]
}}
== 2. Qh5!? · Parham attack ==
This is an aggressive opening move that violates an opening principle by bringing the queen out early. So long as Black doesn't fall into White's traps, they will be able to develop easily and play useful moves that gain time on White's queen.
2. Qh5 both attacks the pawn on e5 and puts pressure on f7. The f7 square is the weakest point in Black's position at the start of the game, because it is the only square guarded only by Black's king. White's usual plan is to follow with Bc4 and deal a swift, knock-out blow with Qxf7#, e.g. 2...Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6?? 4. Qxf7#. This is called '''Scholar's mate''' or the '''four-move checkmate'''.
=== Defend e5 ===
As f7 is attacked once (by White's queen) and defended once (by Black's king), there is no immediate threat of Qxf7+. However, there is a threat of Qxe5+.
[[/2...Nc6|'''2...Nc6''']] is the best move. Black defends against Qxe5+, while also getting to develop a piece to its most active square.
The game usually continues 3. Bc4 (bringing a second attacker to f7, so now White really is threatening Qxf7#) g6 (cuts off White's queen's vision of f7, and gains time by forcing the queen to move again) 4. Qf3 (threatens Qxf7# again) Nf6 (blocks White's queen's vision of f7). The immediate threats parried, Black is ready to play ...Bg7 and ...O-O.
Other options to defend e5 are playable but come with trade-offs.
* '''2...d6''' defends e5, but neglects the opportunity to develop a piece. It also means that if Black wants to play ...d5 later, they will have lost a tempo by taking two moves to play d5 instead of one (d7 to d6 to d5 versus d7 to d5).
* '''2...Qf6''' defends both e5 and f7, but violating opening principles yourself is no way to punish your opponent's violations of the same. The queen misplaced on f6 prevents Black's knight from coming there, which it should like to do. If the idea is to trade off queens to end the attack (3. Bc4 g6 4. Qf3 Qxf3 5. Nxf3{{chess/not|+}}), Black is giving White's attack too much credit.
* '''2...Qe7''', looks unnatural but is probably fine.
=== Gambit e5 ===
Black may try [[/2...Nf6|'''2...Nf6''']], called the '''Kiddie countergambit'''. Black attacks the queen, forcing it to move, but leaves their e-pawn undefended.
This is a pawn sacrifice: Black allows White to take the free pawn and instead focuses on developing their pieces. Every time Black gets to play a developing move and White has to move their queen again, Black scores a little victory in the form of tempo. After 3. Qxe5+ Be7 4. Nf3 (say) Nc6 (forces queen to move again) 5. Qf4 O-O{{chess/not}} Black has castled and developed three of their minor pieces as compensation for the lost pawn, and White has largely spent the time moving the same piece around.
=== Bad moves ===
[[/2...g6|'''2...g6??''']] is a rookie error. Black attacks the queen and leaves their e-pawn undefended, but moving the g-pawn exposed Black's rook on h8: 3. Qxe5+ Be7 (or 3...Qe7) 4. Qxh8{{Chess/not|+++}}.
[[/2...Ke7|'''2...Ke7??''']] is the worst move in the position, 3. Qxe5# is checkmate.
=== History ===
2. Qh5!? is a staple of amateur chess, played against beginners who may be expected to blunder under early pressure. It has a huge number of names, including '''patzer's opening''' (''patzer'', from German ''patzen''<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/patzer patzer, Collins Dictionary]</ref>, being a poor chess player), which might mean it is only played ''against'' novices or ''by'' novices.
In fact it has seen use by grandmasters as a non-theoretical opening, played not with the expectation that Black will blunder mate in the opening but the understanding that, once Black has parried the first few threats, White still gets a playable position that is about equal. Among its highest-level outings was Magnus Carlsen at the 2018 World Rapid Championship.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1938193 Carlsen v. Vokhidov, 2018]</ref>
'''Parham''' comes from Bernard Parham (1946―2024), who was a National Master from Indiana who had many original ideas about how chess should be played and the relative values of different pieces. He advocated early queen moves in several lines, including 1. e4 e5 2. Qh5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernard Parham, chess innovator, passes away |url=https://thechessdrum.net/blog/2024/06/25/bernard-parham-chess-innovator-passes-away/ |last=Shabazz |first=Daaim |date=2024-06-25 |website=The Chess Drum}}</ref>
The origin of '''Danvers''', per Winter, has been traced to a 1908 anecdote about a sanatorium:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Danvers Opening (1 e4 e5 2 Qh5) |url=https://chesshistory.com/winter/extra/danvers.html |last=Winter |first=Edward |date=2025-03-20 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=Chess Notes}}</ref>
<blockquote>"Dr E.E. Southard, who was the Harvard College champion for a number of years and who is now a specialist on mental diseases at the Danvers Insane Hospital, tried to explain how his acquaintance with chessplayers assisted him in his profession and why he named his pet début the Danvers Opening, which consists of P-K4 and Q-R5 as White’s first and second moves."</blockquote>
==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}
{{Chess/theory table |links=1
|line1= 2... Nc6 3. Bc4 g6 4. Qf3 Nf6 5. Ne2 Bg7 6. Nbc3 d6
|eval1={{chess/not}}
|name1=Parham attack
|line2=2...g6?? 3. Qxe5+! Ne7 4. Qxh8
|eval2={{chess/not|+++}}
|line3=2...Ke7?? 3. Qxe5#
|eval3=1-0
|line4=2... Nf6!? 3. Qxe5+ Be7
|eval4={{chess/not}}
|name4=Kiddie countergambit
}}
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
=== See also ===
{{wikipedia|Danvers Opening}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}
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{{Chess Position
|Parham attack
|aka=Wayward queen, Danvers, patzer's opening/attack,
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C20]]
|parent=[[../|Open game]]
}}
== 2. Qh5!? · Parham attack ==
This is an aggressive opening move that violates an opening principle by bringing the queen out early. So long as Black doesn't fall into White's traps, they will be able to develop easily and play useful moves that gain time on White's queen.
2. Qh5 both attacks the pawn on e5 and puts pressure on f7. The f7 square is the weakest point in Black's position at the start of the game, because it is the only square guarded only by Black's king. White's usual plan is to follow with Bc4 and deal a swift, knock-out blow with Qxf7#, e.g. 2...Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6?? 4. Qxf7#. This is called '''Scholar's mate''' or the '''four-move checkmate'''.
=== Defend e5 ===
As f7 is attacked once (by White's queen) and defended once (by Black's king), there is no immediate threat of Qxf7+. However, there is a threat of Qxe5+.
[[/2...Nc6|'''2...Nc6''']] is the best move. Black defends against Qxe5+, while also getting to develop a piece to its most active square.
The game usually continues 3. Bc4 (bringing a second attacker to f7, so now White really is threatening Qxf7#) g6 (cuts off White's queen's vision of f7, and gains time by forcing the queen to move again) 4. Qf3 (threatens Qxf7# again) Nf6 (blocks White's queen's vision of f7). The immediate threats parried, Black is ready to play ...Bg7 and ...O-O.
Other options to defend e5 are playable but come with trade-offs.
* '''2...d6''' defends e5, but neglects the opportunity to develop a piece. It also means that if Black wants to play ...d5 later, they will have lost a tempo by taking two moves to play d5 instead of one (d7 to d6 to d5 versus d7 to d5).
* '''2...Qf6''' defends both e5 and f7, but violating opening principles yourself is no way to punish your opponent's violations of the same. The queen misplaced on f6 prevents Black's knight from coming there, which it should like to do. If the idea is to trade off queens to end the attack (3. Bc4 g6 4. Qf3 Qxf3 5. Nxf3{{chess/not|+}}), Black is giving White's attack too much credit.
* '''2...Qe7''', looks unnatural but is probably fine.
=== Gambit e5 ===
Black may try [[/2...Nf6|'''2...Nf6''']], called the '''Kiddie countergambit'''. Black attacks the queen, forcing it to move, but leaves their e-pawn undefended.
This is a pawn sacrifice: Black allows White to take the free pawn and instead focuses on developing their pieces. Every time Black gets to play a developing move and White has to move their queen again, Black scores a little victory in the form of tempo. After 3. Qxe5+ Be7 4. Nf3 (say) Nc6 (forces queen to move again) 5. Qf4 O-O{{chess/not}} Black has castled and developed three of their minor pieces as compensation for the lost pawn, and White has largely spent the time moving the same piece around.
=== Bad moves ===
[[/2...g6|'''2...g6??''']] is a rookie error. Black attacks the queen and leaves their e-pawn undefended, but moving the g-pawn exposed Black's rook on h8: 3. Qxe5+ Be7 (or 3...Qe7) 4. Qxh8{{Chess/not|+++}}.
[[/2...Ke7|'''2...Ke7??''']] is the worst move in the position, 3. Qxe5# is checkmate.
=== History ===
2. Qh5!? is a staple of amateur chess, played against beginners who may be expected to blunder under early pressure. It has a huge number of names, including '''patzer's opening''' (''patzer'', from German ''patzen''<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/patzer patzer, Collins Dictionary]</ref>, being a poor chess player), which might mean it is only played ''against'' novices or ''by'' novices.
In fact it has seen use by grandmasters as a non-theoretical opening, played not with the expectation that Black will blunder mate in the opening but the understanding that, once Black has parried the first few threats, White still gets a playable position that is about equal. Among its highest-level outings was Magnus Carlsen at the 2018 World Rapid Championship.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1938193 Carlsen v. Vokhidov, 2018]</ref>
'''Parham''' comes from Bernard Parham (1946―2024), who was a National Master from Indiana who had many original ideas about how chess should be played and the relative values of different pieces. He advocated early queen moves in several lines, including 1. e4 e5 2. Qh5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernard Parham, chess innovator, passes away |url=https://thechessdrum.net/blog/2024/06/25/bernard-parham-chess-innovator-passes-away/ |last=Shabazz |first=Daaim |date=2024-06-25 |website=The Chess Drum}}</ref>
The origin of '''Danvers''', per Winter, has been traced to a 1908 anecdote about a sanatorium:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Danvers Opening (1 e4 e5 2 Qh5) |url=https://chesshistory.com/winter/extra/danvers.html |last=Winter |first=Edward |date=2025-03-20 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=Chess Notes}}</ref>
<blockquote>"Dr E.E. Southard, who was the Harvard College champion for a number of years and who is now a specialist on mental diseases at the Danvers Insane Hospital, tried to explain how his acquaintance with chessplayers assisted him in his profession and why he named his pet début the Danvers Opening, which consists of P-K4 and Q-R5 as White’s first and second moves."</blockquote>
==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}
{{Chess/theory table |links=1
|line1= 2...Nc6 3. Bc4 g6 4. Qf3 Nf6 5. Ne2 Bg7 6. Nbc3 d6
|eval1={{chess/not}}
|name1=Parham attack
|line2=2. ... ... 3. ... Nf6?? 4. Qxf7#
|eval2=1-0
|line3=2...g6?? 3. Qxe5+! Ne7 4. Qxh8
|eval3={{chess/not|+++}}
|line4=2...Ke7?? 3. Qxe5#
|eval4=1-0
|line5=2... Nf6!? 3. Qxe5+ Be7
|eval5={{chess/not}}
|name5=Kiddie countergambit
}}
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
=== See also ===
{{wikipedia|Danvers Opening}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}
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XML - Managing Data Exchange
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{{wikipedia|XML}}'''''[[w:XML|eXtensible Markup Language (XML)]]''''' is a widely used computer language for creating and designing pages on the [[w:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]], and for defining other languages with more specialized purposes. This Wikibook provides a detailed description of XML, its origins, its programming, and its uses on the Internet today. This book also provides exercises with which to test the knowledge you have gained through the deliberate study of its contents.
''If you wish to participate in the writing or editing of '''''XML - Managing Data Exchange''''', or if you have an idea as to how this book can be improved, please see [[/To do|the "to-do" list]]. You may also add your name to [[/Contributors|the list of contributors]].''
{{clear}}
==Chapters==
[[File:Xml book cover wiki.png]]
{{book search}}
[[/Preface/]]
# [[/Introduction to XML/]]
# [[/A single entity/]]
# [[/Basic data structures/]]
# [[/The one-to-many relationship/]]
# [[/The one-to-one relationship/]]
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# [[/OpenOffice.org & OpenDocument Format|OpenOffice.org & OpenDocument Format]]
# [[/Google_earth |KML & Google Earth]]
# [[/acord|The ACORD standard - XML in the insurance industry ]]
==Appendices==
# [[/Glossary/]]
# [[/Contributors/]]
# [[/Author guidelines/]]
# XML Editor
# [[/XML Colors/]]
# Stylesheet section workspace
# [[/Resources/]]
==External Links==
*[http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.ASP XML Tutorials]
*[http://www.w3.org/XML/ XML Specification]
*[http://www.google.com/search?q=XML+books XML Books]
{{Shelves|XML}}
{{alphabetical|X}}
{{status|100%}}
[[fr:Programmation XML]]
[[it:XML]]
[[ru:XML/Managing Data Exchange]]
[[zh:XML]]
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{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''General Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|200x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EN QUAD|[NQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM QUAD|[MQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN SPACE|[EN SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM SPACE|[EM SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-PER-EM SPACE|[3/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR-PER-EM SPACE|[4/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX-PER-EM SPACE|[6/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE SPACE|[F SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUATION SPACE|[P SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SPACE|[TH SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR SPACE|[H SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|[ZW SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER|[ZW NJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH JOINER|[ZW J]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK|[LRM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK|[RLM]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|201x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN|‐}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN|[NB -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE DASH|‒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN DASH|–}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM DASH|—}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BAR|―}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE|‖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW LINE|‗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|‘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|’}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|‚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|“}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|”}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|„}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|202x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER|†}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DAGGER|‡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET|•}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR BULLET|‣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT LEADER|․}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT LEADER|‥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|…}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHENATION POINT|‧}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE SEPARATOR|[L SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|[P SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING|[LRE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING|[RLE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING|[PDF]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE|[LRO]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE|[RLO]}}||style="background:#f1ff63;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE|[NNB SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|203x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER MILLE SIGN|‰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|‱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRIME|′}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME|″}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PRIME|‴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PRIME|‵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME|‶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME|‷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET|‸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|‹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|›}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REFERENCE MARK|※}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|‼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERROBANG|‽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLINE|‾}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDERTIE|‿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|204x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHARACTER TIE|⁀}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET INSERTION POINT|⁁}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISM|⁂}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN BULLET|⁃}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION SLASH|⁄}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁅}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁆}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE QUESTION MARK|⁇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK|⁈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK|⁉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN ET|⁊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PILCROW SIGN|⁋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET|⁌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET|⁍}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW ASTERISK|⁎}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SEMICOLON|⁏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|205x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSE UP|⁐}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY|⁑}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN|⁒}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWUNG DASH|⁓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED UNDERTIE|⁔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PUNCTUATION MARK|⁕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE PRIME|⁗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⁘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT PUNCTUATION|⁚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT MARK|⁛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CROSS|⁜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICOLON|⁝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL FOUR DOTS|⁞}}||style="background:#b1ff69;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE|[MM SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|206x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD JOINER|[WJ]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNCTION APPLICATION|[ƒ( )]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE TIMES|[×]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE SEPARATOR|[,]}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE PLUS|[+]}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE|[LRI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE|[RLI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST STRONG ISOLATE|[FSI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE|[PDI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[I S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[A S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[I AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[A AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NA DS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NO DS]}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|207x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ZERO|⁰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⁱ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⁲}}|||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⁳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FOUR|⁴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FIVE|⁵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SIX|⁶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN|⁷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT|⁸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT NINE|⁹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|⁺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT MINUS|⁻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|⁼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|⁽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⁾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⁿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|208x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ZERO|₀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ONE|₁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT TWO|₂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT THREE|₃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FOUR|₄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FIVE|₅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SIX|₆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SEVEN|₇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EIGHT|₈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT NINE|₉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|₊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT MINUS|₋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|₌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|₍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|₎}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH AND LOW VERTICAL LINE|₏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8"
!style="background:#ffffff"|209x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|ₐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E|ₑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|ₒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X|ₓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA|ₔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER H|ₕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER K|ₖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER L|ₗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER M|ₘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER N|ₙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER P|ₚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER S|ₛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER T|ₜ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER W|₝}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Y|₞}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Z|₟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Currency Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO-CURRENCY SIGN|₠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON SIGN|₡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUZEIRO SIGN|₢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRANC SIGN|₣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIRA SIGN|₤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILL SIGN|₥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIRA SIGN|₦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PESETA SIGN|₧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUPEE SIGN|₨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WON SIGN|₩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW SHEQEL SIGN|₪}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONG SIGN|₫}}||style="background:#ffea60"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO SIGN|€}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIP SIGN|₭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TUGRIK SIGN|₮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRACHMA SIGN|₯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Bx
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GERMAN PENNY SIGN|₰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PESO SIGN|₱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARANI SIGN|₲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUSTRAL SIGN|₳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HRYVNIA SIGN|₴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDI SIGN|₵}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN|₶}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPESMILO SIGN|₷}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TENGE SIGN|₸}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIAN RUPEE SIGN|₹}}||style="background:#81deff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKISH LIRA SIGN|₺}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORDIC MARK SIGN|₻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANAT SIGN|₼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUBLE SIGN|₽}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARI SIGN|₾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BITCOIN SIGN|₿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Cx||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOM SIGN|⃀}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAUDI RIYAL SIGN|⃁}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUFIYAA SIGN|⃂}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UAE DIRHAM SIGN|⃃}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OMANI RIYAL SIGN|⃄}}|| || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE| ⃖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING OVERLAY| ⃘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE| ⃛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE| ⃜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE| ⃝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE| ⃞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND| ⃟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ex
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH| ⃠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃡}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN| ⃢}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP| ⃣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING UPWARD POINTING TRIANGLE| ⃤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE OVERLAY| ⃦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANNUITY SYMBOL| ⃧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE UNDERDOT| ⃨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE BRIDGE ABOVE| ⃩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS ARROW OVERLAY| ⃪}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG DOUBLE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃫}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃬}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃭}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW BELOW| ⃮}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW BELOW| ⃯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Fx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE| ⃰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Letterlike Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|210x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCOUNT OF|℀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT|℁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C|ℂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE CELSIUS|℃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTRE LINE SYMBOL|℄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARE OF|℅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADA UNA|℆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EULER CONSTANT|ℇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRUPLE|℈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE FAHRENHEIT|℉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL G|ℊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL H|ℋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H|ℌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H|ℍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT|ℎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI|ℏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|211x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL I|ℐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|ℑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL L|ℒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL L|ℓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|L B BAR SYMBOL|℔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N|ℕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMERO SIGN|№}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT|℗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION|℘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P|ℙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q|ℚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL R|ℛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|ℜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R|ℝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRESCRIPTION TAKE|℞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESPONSE|℟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|212x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SERVICE MARK|℠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE SIGN|℡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRADE MARK SIGN|™}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERSICLE|℣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z|ℤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUNCE SIGN|℥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OHM SIGN|Ω}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED OHM SIGN|℧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z|ℨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|℩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KELVIN SIGN|K}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGSTROM SIGN|Å}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL B|ℬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C|ℭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATED SYMBOL|℮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL E|ℯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|213x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL E|ℰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL F|ℱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED CAPITAL F|Ⅎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL M|ℳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL O|ℴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEF SYMBOL|ℵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BET SYMBOL|ℶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIMEL SYMBOL|ℷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DALET SYMBOL|ℸ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION SOURCE|ℹ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED CAPITAL Q|℺}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACSIMILE SIGN|℻}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI|ℼ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL GAMMA|ℽ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL GAMMA|ℾ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI|ℿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|214x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK N-ARY SUMMATION|⅀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|⅁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|⅄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC CAPITAL D|ⅅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL D|ⅆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E|ⅇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL I|ⅈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL J|ⅉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPERTY LINE|⅊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED AMPERSAND|⅋}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER SIGN|⅌}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AKTIESELSKAB|⅍}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SMALL F|ⅎ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE|⅏}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Number Forms'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|215x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH|⅐}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH|⅑}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH|⅒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD|⅓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS|⅔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH|⅕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS|⅖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS|⅗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS|⅘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH|⅙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS|⅚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|⅛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|⅜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|⅝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|⅞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE|⅟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|216x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|Ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|Ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|Ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|Ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|Ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|Ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|Ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|Ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|Ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|Ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|Ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|Ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|Ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|Ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|Ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|Ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|217x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|218x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D|ↀ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND|ↁ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND|ↂ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED|Ↄ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C|ↄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM|ↅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM|ↆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND|ↇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|ↈ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS|↉}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT TWO|↊}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT THREE|↋}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|219x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW|←}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW|↑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW|→}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW|↓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW|↔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW|↕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW|↖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW|↗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW|↘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW|↙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|↨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW|↭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE|↮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|↯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS|↴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS|↵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR|↸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|↹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|↼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|↽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|↾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|↿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|⇀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|⇁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|⇂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|⇃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW|⇄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW|⇅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⇆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON|⇋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON|⇌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⇔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|⇕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR|⇪}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇫}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⇬}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR|⇭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW|⇮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Fx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL|⇰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER|⇱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER|⇲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN WHITE ARROW|⇳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⇴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW|⇵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|⇶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|220x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FOR ALL|∀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPLEMENT|∁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|∂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE EXISTS|∃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE DOES NOT EXIST|∄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET|∅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREMENT|∆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABLA|∇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF|∈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT AN ELEMENT OF|∉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF|∊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER|∌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END OF PROOF|∎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY PRODUCT|∏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|221x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY COPRODUCT|∐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SUMMATION|∑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN|−}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN|∓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT PLUS|∔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SLASH|∕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SET MINUS|∖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK OPERATOR|∗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING OPERATOR|∘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET OPERATOR|∙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ROOT|√}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUBE ROOT|∛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOURTH ROOT|∜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTIONAL TO|∝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY|∞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE|∟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|222x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE|∠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE|∡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE|∢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVIDES|∣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE|∤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL TO|∥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT PARALLEL TO|∦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND|∧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR|∨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION|∩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION|∪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL|∫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTEGRAL|∬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE INTEGRAL|∭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFACE INTEGRAL|∯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|223x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLUME INTEGRAL|∰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL|∱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THEREFORE|∴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BECAUSE|∵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RATIO|∶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTION|∷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT MINUS|∸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCESS|∹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRIC PROPORTION|∺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOMOTHETIC|∻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR|∼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE|∽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S|∾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINE WAVE|∿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|224x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WREATH PRODUCT|≀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TILDE|≁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS TILDE|≂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO|≈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|≉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|≊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE TILDE|≋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL EQUAL TO|≌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT TO|≍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO|≎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIFFERENCE BETWEEN|≏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|225x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROACHES THE LIMIT|≐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUAL TO|≑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF|≒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON EQUALS|≔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS COLON|≕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING IN EQUAL TO|≖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING EQUAL TO|≗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CORRESPONDS TO|≘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATES|≙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIANGULAR TO|≚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR EQUALS|≛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELTA EQUAL TO|≜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION|≝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED BY|≞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTIONED EQUAL TO|≟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|226x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUAL TO|≠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO|≡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT IDENTICAL TO|≢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO|≣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH LESS-THAN|≪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH GREATER-THAN|≫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BETWEEN|≬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUIVALENT TO|≭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT LESS-THAN|≮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT GREATER-THAN|≯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|227x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN|≶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN|≷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATER-THAN|≸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESS-THAN|≹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES|≺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS|≻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUAL TO|≼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO|≽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUIVALENT TO|≾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO|≿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|228x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE|⊀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED|⊁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF|⊂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF|⊃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUBSET OF|⊄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUPERSET OF|⊅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET|⊌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET MULTIPLICATION|⊍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET UNION|⊎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF|⊏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|229x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF|⊐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⊑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⊒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAP|⊓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CUP|⊔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PLUS|⊕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MINUS|⊖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIMES|⊗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH|⊘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⊙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED RING OPERATOR|⊚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ASTERISK OPERATOR|⊛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EQUALS|⊜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DASH|⊝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PLUS|⊞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MINUS|⊟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TIMES|⊠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED DOT OPERATOR|⊡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TACK|⊢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TACK|⊣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK|⊤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK|⊥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASSERTION|⊦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODELS|⊧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE|⊨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORCES|⊩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PROVE|⊬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TRUE|⊭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT FORCE|⊮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATED DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES UNDER RELATION|⊰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION|⊱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⊲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⊳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⊴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL TO|⊵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIGINAL OF|⊶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF|⊷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIMAP|⊸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERMITIAN CONJUGATE MATRIX|⊹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERCALATE|⊺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XOR|⊻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAND|⊼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOR|⊽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC|⊾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE|⊿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL AND|⋀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL OR|⋁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY INTERSECTION|⋂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION|⋃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND OPERATOR|⋄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT OPERATOR|⋅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OPERATOR|⋆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION TIMES|⋇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE|⋈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE EQUALS|⋍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL OR|⋎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL AND|⋏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUBSET|⋐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUPERSET|⋑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTERSECTION|⋒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UNION|⋓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK|⋔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO|⋕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH DOT|⋖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH DOT|⋗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH LESS-THAN|⋘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH GREATER-THAN|⋙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES|⋞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR SUCCEEDS|⋟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE OR EQUAL|⋠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED OR EQUAL|⋡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⋢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⋣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⋪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⋫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⋬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL|⋭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ELLIPSIS|⋮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|⋯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Fx
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋰}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE|⋵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR|⋸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES|⋹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP|⋿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Technical'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|230x
|style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMETER SIGN|⌀}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC ARROW|⌁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE|⌂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD|⌃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN ARROWHEAD|⌄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROJECTIVE|⌅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSPECTIVE|⌆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY LINE|⌇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CEILING|⌈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CEILING|⌉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FLOOR|⌊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FLOOR|⌋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CROP|⌌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CROP|⌍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CROP|⌎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CROP|⌏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|231x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED NOT SIGN|⌐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOZENGE|⌑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARC|⌒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENT|⌓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR|⌔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECORDER|⌕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSITION INDICATOR|⌖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIEWDATA SQUARE|⌗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|⌘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NOT SIGN|⌙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATCH|⌚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS|⌛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CORNER|⌜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CORNER|⌝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CORNER|⌞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER|⌟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|232x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF INTEGRAL|⌠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|⌡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWN|⌢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILE|⌣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL BARS|⌤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTION KEY|⌥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE RIGHT|⌦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|X IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⌧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD|⌨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE LEFT|⌫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING|⌬}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYLINDRICITY|⌭}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL AROUND-PROFILE|⌮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMMETRY|⌯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|233x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTAL RUNOUT|⌰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIMENSION ORIGIN|⌱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONICAL TAPER|⌲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPE|⌳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERBORE|⌴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERSINK|⌵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL I-BEAM|⌶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SQUISH QUAD|⌷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD EQUAL|⌸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIVIDE|⌹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIAMOND|⌺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD JOT|⌻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD CIRCLE|⌼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STILE|⌽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE JOT|⌾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SLASH BAR|⌿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|234x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL BACKSLASH BAR|⍀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD SLASH|⍁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD BACKSLASH|⍂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LESS-THAN|⍃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD GREATER-THAN|⍄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFTWARDS VANE|⍅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RIGHTWARDS VANE|⍆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LEFTWARDS ARROW|⍇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⍈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE BACKSLASH|⍉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK UNDERBAR|⍊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA STILE|⍋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWN CARET|⍌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DELTA|⍍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK JOT|⍎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UPWARDS VANE|⍏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|235x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UPWARDS ARROW|⍐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK OVERBAR|⍑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL STILE|⍒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UP CARET|⍓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DEL|⍔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK JOT|⍕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWNWARDS VANE|⍖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWNWARDS ARROW|⍗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE UNDERBAR|⍘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA UNDERBAR|⍙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DIAMOND UNDERBAR|⍚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT UNDERBAR|⍛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE UNDERBAR|⍜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT|⍝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE QUAD|⍞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STAR|⍟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|236x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON|⍠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK DIAERESIS|⍡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL DIAERESIS|⍢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STAR DIAERESIS|⍣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT DIAERESIS|⍤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE DIAERESIS|⍥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN SHOE STILE|⍦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFT SHOE STILE|⍧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL TILDE DIAERESIS|⍨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL GREATER-THAN DIAERESIS|⍩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL COMMA BAR|⍪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL TILDE|⍫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ZILDE|⍬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STILE TILDE|⍭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SEMICOLON UNDERBAR|⍮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD NOT EQUAL|⍯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|237x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD QUESTION|⍰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE|⍱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP CARET TILDE|⍲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA|⍳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO|⍴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA|⍵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR|⍶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL EPSILON UNDERBAR|⍷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR|⍸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR|⍹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA|⍺}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT CHECK MARK|⍻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|⍼}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOULDERED OPEN BOX|⍽}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL SYMBOL|⍾}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT|⍿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|238x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSERTION SYMBOL|⎀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPHASIS SYMBOL|⎃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPOSITION SYMBOL|⎄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE|⎅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENTER SYMBOL|⎆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL|⎇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELM SYMBOL|⎈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH|⎉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN|⎊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW|⎋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDO SYMBOL|⎌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOSTABLE SYMBOL|⎍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYSTERESIS SYMBOL|⎎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL|⎏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff|239x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL|⎐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO|⎓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL|⎔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD|⎕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL|⎖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PREVIOUS PAGE|⎗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEXT PAGE|⎘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL|⎙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL|⎚}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎛}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎜}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎝}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎞}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff|23Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY BRACKET EXTENSION|⎪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL EXTENSION|⎮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE EXTENSION|⎯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|23Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT OR LOWER RIGHT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT OR LOWER LEFT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION TOP|⎲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION BOTTOM|⎳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET|⎵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET OVER TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADICAL SYMBOL BOTTOM|⎷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-1|⎺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-3|⎻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-7|⎼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-9|⎽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP RIGHT|⎾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM RIGHT|⎿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH CIRCLE|⏀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND WAVE|⏆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|⏉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|⏊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP LEFT|⏋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM LEFT|⏌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOOT|⏍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN SYMBOL|⏎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EJECT SYMBOL|⏏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Dx
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE EXTENSION|⏐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL BREVE|⏑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER SHORT|⏒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL SHORT OVER LONG|⏓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER TWO SHORTS|⏔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS OVER LONG|⏕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS JOINED|⏖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TRISEME|⏗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TETRASEME|⏘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL PENTASEME|⏙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GROUND|⏚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUSE|⏛}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP PARENTHESIS|⏜}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM PARENTHESIS|⏝}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP CURLY BRACKET|⏞}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM CURLY BRACKET|⏟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRAPEZIUM|⏢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING WITH CIRCLE|⏣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHTNESS|⏤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATNESS|⏥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AC CURRENT|⏦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRICAL INTERSECTION|⏧}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL|⏨}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏩}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏪}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏫}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏬}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏭}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏮}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Fx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM CLOCK|⏰}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOPWATCH|⏱}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMER CLOCK|⏲}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS WITH FLOWING SAND|⏳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE FOR STOP|⏹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD|⏺}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SYMBOL|⏻}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON-OFF SYMBOL|⏼}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON SYMBOL|⏽}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SLEEP SYMBOL|⏾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OBSERVER EYE SYMBOL|⏿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Control Pictures'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|240x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NULL|␀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING|␁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT|␂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT|␃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION|␄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY|␅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE|␆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BELL|␇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE|␈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION|␉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED|␊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION|␋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED|␌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN|␍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT|␎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN|␏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|241x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE|␐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE|␑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO|␒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE|␓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|␔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|␕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|␖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|␗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CANCEL|␘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM|␙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE|␚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE|␛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR|␜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR|␝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR|␞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR|␟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|242x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SPACE|␠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE|␡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLANK SYMBOL|␢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOX|␣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE|␤}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO|␥}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO|␦}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKERBOARD FORM|␧}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKERBOARD FORM|␨}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM|␩}}|| || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|243x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Optical Character Recognition'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|244x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR HOOK|⑀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CHAIR|⑁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR FORK|⑂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR INVERTED FORK|⑃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BELT BUCKLE|⑄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BOW TIE|⑅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION|⑆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK|⑇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR ON US SYMBOL|⑈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR DASH SYMBOL|⑉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH|⑊}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|245x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|246x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|①}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|②}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|③}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|④}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⑤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⑥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⑦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⑧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⑨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⑩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⑫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⑬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⑭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⑮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⑯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|247x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⑰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⑱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⑲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⑳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE|⑴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO|⑵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE|⑶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR|⑷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE|⑸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX|⑹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN|⑺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT|⑻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE|⑼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN|⑽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE|⑿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|248x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⒀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⒁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⒂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⒃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⒄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⒅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN|⒆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY|⒇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE FULL STOP|⒈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO FULL STOP|⒉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE FULL STOP|⒊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP|⒋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP|⒌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX FULL STOP|⒍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP|⒎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP|⒏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|249x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE FULL STOP|⒐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN FULL STOP|⒑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP|⒒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP|⒓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP|⒔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP|⒕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP|⒖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP|⒗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP|⒘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP|⒙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP|⒚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP|⒛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|⒜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|⒝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|⒞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|⒟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|⒠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|⒡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|⒢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|⒣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|⒤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|⒥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|⒦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|⒧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|⒨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|⒩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|⒪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|⒫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|⒬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|⒭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|⒮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|⒯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|⒰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|⒱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|⒲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⒳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⒴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|⒵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|Ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|Ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|Ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|Ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|Ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|Ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|Ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|Ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|Ⓙ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|Ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|Ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|Ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|Ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|Ⓟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|Ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|Ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|Ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|Ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|Ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|Ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|Ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|Ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|Ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|Ⓩ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|ⓙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|ⓟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|ⓩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓪}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⓫}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⓬}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⓭}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⓮}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⓯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⓰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⓱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⓲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⓳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⓴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|⓵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|⓶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|⓷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|⓸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⓹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⓺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⓻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⓼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⓽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⓾}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Box Drawing'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|250x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|─}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL|━}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|│}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL|┃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|┌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT|┏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|251x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|┐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT|┓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|└}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT|┗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|┘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT|┛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|├}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|252x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT|┣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|┤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND LEFT|┫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|253x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|┴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL|┻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|┼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT|┽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT|┾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|254x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|╃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|╄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|╅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|╆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY|╉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT VERTICAL HEAVY|╊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|255x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|═}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|║}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|╔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|╗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|╚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|╝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|256x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|╠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|╣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|╦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|╩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT|╭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT|╮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT|╯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|257x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT|╰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|╱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|╲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS|╳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT|╴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP|╵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT|╶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN|╷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT|╸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP|╹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY RIGHT|╺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN|╻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT|╼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN|╽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT AND LIGHT RIGHT|╾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LIGHT DOWN|╿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Block Elements'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|258x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK|▀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF BLOCK|▄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL BLOCK|█}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLOCK|▌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|259x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLOCK|▐}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SHADE|░}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SHADE|▒}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SHADE|▓}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▔}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER LEFT|▖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER RIGHT|▗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT|▘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER RIGHT|▜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT|▝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE|■}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE|□}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|▢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL FILL|▤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH VERTICAL FILL|▥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|▧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|▨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL SQUARE|▫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RECTANGLE|▬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RECTANGLE|▭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PARALLELOGRAM|▰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PARALLELOGRAM|▱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|▲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|△}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|►}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|▻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND|◆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND|◇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|◈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHEYE|◉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE|◊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE|○}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CIRCLE|◌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH VERTICAL FILL|◍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLSEYE|◎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE|●}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LOWER HALF BLACK|◒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER HALF BLACK|◓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT BLACK|◔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH ALL BUT UPPER LEFT QUADRANT BLACK|◕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BULLET|◘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF CIRCLE|◠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF CIRCLE|◡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE BULLET|◦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH VERTICAL BISECTING LINE|◫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOT|◬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE CIRCLE|◯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◷}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◸}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◹}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◺}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SQUARE|◻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|◼}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◽}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◾}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|260x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SUN WITH RAYS|☀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD|☁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA|☂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN|☃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMET|☄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK STAR|★}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE STAR|☆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING|☇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDERSTORM|☈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN|☉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCENDING NODE|☊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESCENDING NODE|☋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONJUNCTION|☌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPPOSITION|☍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TELEPHONE|☎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TELEPHONE|☏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|261x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX|☐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH CHECK|☑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH X|☒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALTIRE|☓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA WITH RAIN DROPS|☔}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT BEVERAGE|☕}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SHOGI PIECE|☖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SHOGI PIECE|☗}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAMROCK|☘}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|☙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|☚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|☜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|☝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|☟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|262x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL AND CROSSBONES|☠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUTION SIGN|☡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIOACTIVE SIGN|☢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIOHAZARD SIGN|☣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADUCEUS|☤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANKH|☥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHODOX CROSS|☦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHI RHO|☧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF LORRAINE|☨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF JERUSALEM|☩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR AND CRESCENT|☪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FARSI SYMBOL|☫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADI SHAKTI|☬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND SICKLE|☭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACE SYMBOL|☮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YIN YANG|☯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|263x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN|☰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR LAKE|☱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR FIRE|☲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER|☳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WIND|☴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WATER|☵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN|☶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR EARTH|☷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL OF DHARMA|☸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FROWNING FACE|☹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMILING FACE|☺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMILING FACE|☻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|☼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON|☽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON|☾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERCURY|☿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|264x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMALE SIGN|♀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH|♁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE SIGN|♂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUPITER|♃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATURN|♄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|URANUS|♅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE|♆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO|♇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARIES|♈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAURUS|♉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEMINI|♊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCER|♋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEO|♌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIRGO|♍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIBRA|♎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPIUS|♏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|265x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAGITTARIUS|♐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPRICORN|♑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AQUARIUS|♒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISCES|♓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING|♔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN|♕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK|♖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP|♗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT|♘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN|♙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING|♚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN|♛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK|♜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP|♝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT|♞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN|♟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|266x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SPADE SUIT|♠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART SUIT|♡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND SUIT|♢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CLUB SUIT|♣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SPADE SUIT|♤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART SUIT|♥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|♦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CLUB SUIT|♧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT SPRINGS|♨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUARTER NOTE|♩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHTH NOTE|♪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|♫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES|♬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC FLAT SIGN|♭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC NATURAL SIGN|♮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC SHARP SIGN|♯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|267x
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEST SYRIAC CROSS|♰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAST SYRIAC CROSS|♱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-1 PLASTICS|♳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-2 PLASTICS|♴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-3 PLASTICS|♵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-4 PLASTICS|♶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-5 PLASTICS|♷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-6 PLASTICS|♸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-7 PLASTICS|♹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR GENERIC MATERIALS|♺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIALLY-RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♽}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERMANENT PAPER SIGN|♾}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL|♿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|268x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-1|⚀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-2|⚁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-3|⚂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-4|⚃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-5|⚄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-6|⚅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOT RIGHT|⚆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|⚇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE DOT RIGHT|⚈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH TWO WHITE DOTS|⚉}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YANG|⚊}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YIN|⚋}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YANG|⚌}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YIN|⚍}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YANG|⚎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YIN|⚏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|269x
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG|⚐}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLAG|⚑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND PICK|⚒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANCHOR|⚓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED SWORDS|⚔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF AESCULAPIUS|⚕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCALES|⚖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEMBIC|⚗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER|⚘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR|⚙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF HERMES|⚚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATOM SYMBOL|⚛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEUR-DE-LIS|⚜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED WHITE STAR|⚝}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT|⚞}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING LEFT|⚟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ax
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARNING SIGN|⚠}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN|⚡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED FEMALE SIGN|⚢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED MALE SIGN|⚣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERLOCKED FEMALE AND MALE SIGN|⚤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE AND MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE|⚪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BLACK CIRCLE|⚫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE|⚬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARRIAGE SYMBOL|⚭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVORCE SYMBOL|⚮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNMARRIED PARTNERSHIP SYMBOL|⚯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Bx
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COFFIN|⚰}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNERAL URN|⚱}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTER|⚲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CERES|⚳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALLAS|⚴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUNO|⚵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA|⚶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIRON|⚷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MOON LILITH|⚸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEXTILE|⚹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMISEXTILE|⚺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUINCUNX|⚻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SESQUIQUADRATE|⚼}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCCER BALL|⚽}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASEBALL|⚾}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KEY|⚿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Cx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS MAN|⛀}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS KING|⛁}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS MAN|⛂}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS KING|⛃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN WITHOUT SNOW|⛄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN BEHIND CLOUD|⛅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAIN|⛆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SNOWMAN|⛇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDER CLOUD AND RAIN|⛈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED WHITE SHOGI PIECE|⛉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK SHOGI PIECE|⛊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND IN SQUARE|⛋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSING LANES|⛌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISABLED CAR|⛍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPHIUCHUS|⛎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PICK|⛏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAR SLIDING|⛐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELMET WITH WHITE CROSS|⛑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSSING LANES|⛒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAINS|⛓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY|⛔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATE ONE-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT LANE MERGE|⛘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT LANE MERGE|⛙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRIVE SLOW SIGN|⛚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⛛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CLOSED ENTRY|⛜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SALTIRE|⛝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL IN WHITE CIRCLE IN BLACK SQUARE|⛞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TRUCK|⛟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-1|⛠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-2|⛡}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR URANUS|⛢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH STROKE AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|⛣}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PENTAGRAM|⛤}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛥}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛦}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED PENTAGRAM|⛧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CROSS ON SHIELD|⛨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHINTO SHRINE|⛩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHURCH|⛪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CASTLE|⛫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HISTORIC SITE|⛬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITHOUT HUB|⛭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITH HANDLES|⛮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAP SYMBOL FOR LIGHTHOUSE|⛯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN|⛰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA ON GROUND|⛱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUNTAIN|⛲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAG IN HOLE|⛳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRY|⛴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAILBOAT|⛵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNERS|⛶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKIER|⛷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE SKATE|⛸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BALL|⛹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENT|⛺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE BANK SYMBOL|⛻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE GRAVEYARD SYMBOL|⛼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUEL PUMP|⛽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP ON BLACK SQUARE|⛾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG WITH HORIZONTAL MIDDLE BLACK STRIPE|⛿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Dingbats'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|270x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SAFETY SCISSORS|✀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER BLADE SCISSORS|✁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SCISSORS|✂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER BLADE SCISSORS|✃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SCISSORS|✄}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY CHECK MARK|✅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN|✆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE DRIVE|✇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE|✈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE|✉}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED FIST|✊}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND|✋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORY HAND|✌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRITING HAND|✍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT PENCIL|✎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENCIL|✏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|271x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT PENCIL|✐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE NIB|✑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NIB|✒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECK MARK|✓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHECK MARK|✔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION X|✕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X|✖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT X|✗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BALLOT X|✘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED GREEK CROSS|✙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY GREEK CROSS|✚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CROSS|✝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS|✞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CROSS|✟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|272x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALTESE CROSS|✠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OF DAVID|✡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK|✥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR|✦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR|✧}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLES|✨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR|✩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE STAR|✪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR|✫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR|✬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINWHEEL STAR|✯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|273x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE STAR|✰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ASTERISK|✱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK|✲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|✳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|✴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|✵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|✶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|✹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK|✺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE|✾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLORETTE|✿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|274x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLORETTE|❀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE|❁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR|❂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK|❃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWFLAKE|❄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE|❅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE|❆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLE|❇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SPARKLE|❈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|❉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❋}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS MARK|❌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|❍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED CROSS MARK|❎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|275x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❒}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❓}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X|❖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL|❗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT VERTICAL BAR|❘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR|❙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY VERTICAL BAR|❚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❞}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|276x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT|❡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK HEART|❤}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET|❥}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORAL HEART|❦}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|❧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|277x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❱}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❲}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❳}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❴}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|❶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|❷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|❸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|❹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|❺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|❻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|❼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|❽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|❾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|❿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|278x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|279x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY PLUS SIGN|➕}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MINUS SIGN|➖}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DIVISION SIGN|➗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW|➘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW|➚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Bx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOOP|➰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➾}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CURLY LOOP|➿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANGLE|⟀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRIANGLE CONTAINING SMALL WHITE TRIANGLE|⟁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR|⟂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUBSET|⟃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUPERSET|⟄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟆}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OR WITH DOT INSIDE|⟇}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET|⟈}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET PRECEDING SOLIDUS|⟉}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⟊}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RISING DIAGONAL|⟋}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DIVISION|⟌}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FALLING DIAGONAL|⟍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL AND|⟎}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL OR|⟏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND WITH CENTRED DOT|⟐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AND WITH DOT|⟑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING UPWARDS|⟒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT CORNER WITH DOT|⟓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT CORNER WITH DOT|⟔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT OUTER JOIN|⟕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OUTER JOIN|⟖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL OUTER JOIN|⟗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE UP TACK|⟘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE DOWN TACK|⟙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT DOUBLE TURNSTILE|⟚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TACK|⟛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT MULTIMAP|⟜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHT TACK|⟝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT TACK|⟞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⟟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE|⟠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND|⟡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|⟨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|⟩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟫}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟬}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟭}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟮}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟯}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⟴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|⟵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⟶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW|⟷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⟺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⟿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Braille Patterns'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|280x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK|⠀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1|⠁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2|⠂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12|⠃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3|⠄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13|⠅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23|⠆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123|⠇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4|⠈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14|⠉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24|⠊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124|⠋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34|⠌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134|⠍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234|⠎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234|⠏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|281x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5|⠐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15|⠑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25|⠒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125|⠓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35|⠔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135|⠕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235|⠖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235|⠗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45|⠘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145|⠙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245|⠚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245|⠛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345|⠜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345|⠝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345|⠞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345|⠟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|282x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6|⠠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16|⠡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26|⠢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126|⠣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36|⠤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136|⠥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236|⠦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236|⠧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46|⠨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146|⠩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246|⠪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246|⠫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346|⠬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346|⠭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346|⠮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346|⠯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|283x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56|⠰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156|⠱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256|⠲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256|⠳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356|⠴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356|⠵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356|⠶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356|⠷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456|⠸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456|⠹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456|⠺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456|⠻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456|⠼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456|⠽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456|⠾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456|⠿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|284x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7|⡀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17|⡁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27|⡂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127|⡃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37|⡄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137|⡅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237|⡆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237|⡇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47|⡈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147|⡉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247|⡊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247|⡋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347|⡌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347|⡍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347|⡎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347|⡏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|285x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57|⡐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157|⡑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257|⡒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257|⡓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357|⡔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357|⡕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357|⡖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357|⡗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457|⡘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457|⡙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457|⡚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457|⡛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457|⡜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457|⡝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457|⡞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457|⡟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|286x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67|⡠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167|⡡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267|⡢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267|⡣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367|⡤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367|⡥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367|⡦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367|⡧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467|⡨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467|⡩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467|⡪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467|⡫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467|⡬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467|⡭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467|⡮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467|⡯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|287x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567|⡰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567|⡱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567|⡲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567|⡳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567|⡴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567|⡵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567|⡶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567|⡷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567|⡸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567|⡹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567|⡺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567|⡻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567|⡼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567|⡽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567|⡾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567|⡿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|288x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8|⢀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18|⢁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28|⢂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128|⢃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38|⢄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138|⢅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238|⢆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238|⢇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48|⢈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148|⢉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248|⢊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248|⢋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348|⢌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348|⢍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348|⢎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348|⢏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|289x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58|⢐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158|⢑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258|⢒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258|⢓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358|⢔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358|⢕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358|⢖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358|⢗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458|⢘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458|⢙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458|⢚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458|⢛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458|⢜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458|⢝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458|⢞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458|⢟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68|⢠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168|⢡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268|⢢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268|⢣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368|⢤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368|⢥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368|⢦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368|⢧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468|⢨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468|⢩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468|⢪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468|⢫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468|⢬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468|⢭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468|⢮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468|⢯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568|⢰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568|⢱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568|⢲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568|⢳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568|⢴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568|⢵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568|⢶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568|⢷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568|⢸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568|⢹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568|⢺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568|⢻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568|⢼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568|⢽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568|⢾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568|⢿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78|⣀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178|⣁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278|⣂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278|⣃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378|⣄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378|⣅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378|⣆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378|⣇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478|⣈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478|⣉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478|⣊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478|⣋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478|⣌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478|⣍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478|⣎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478|⣏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578|⣐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578|⣑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578|⣒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578|⣓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578|⣔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578|⣕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578|⣖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578|⣗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578|⣘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578|⣙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578|⣚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578|⣛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578|⣜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578|⣝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578|⣞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578|⣟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678|⣠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678|⣡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678|⣢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678|⣣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678|⣤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678|⣥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678|⣦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678|⣧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678|⣨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678|⣩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678|⣪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678|⣫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678|⣬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678|⣭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678|⣮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678|⣯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678|⣰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678|⣱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678|⣲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678|⣳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678|⣴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678|⣵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678|⣶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678|⣷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678|⣸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678|⣹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678|⣺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678|⣻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678|⣼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678|⣽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678|⣾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678|⣿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|290x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⤅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|291x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⤑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⤖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|292x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH EAST ARROW|⤧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH WEST ARROW|⤪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING FALLING DIAGONAL|⤫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING RISING DIAGONAL|⤬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|293x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH WEST ARROW|⤱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT|⤳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING UPWARDS|⤴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING DOWNWARDS|⤵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING LEFTWARDS|⤶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHTWARDS|⤷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SIDE ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SIDE ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW WITH MINUS|⤼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW WITH PLUS|⤽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SEMICIRCULAR CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT SEMICIRCULAR ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|294x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⥇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW THROUGH SMALL CIRCLE|⥈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM SMALL CIRCLE|⥉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|295x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|296x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|297x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH ROUNDED HEAD|⥰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⥵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH LESS-THAN|⥷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUBSET|⥺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FISH TAIL|⥼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FISH TAIL|⥽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP FISH TAIL|⥾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN FISH TAIL|⥿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|298x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR DELIMITER|⦀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SPOT|⦁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION TYPE COLON|⦂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET|⦇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET|⦈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET|⦉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT BINDING BRACKET|⦊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|299x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LEFT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED FENCE|⦙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ZIGZAG LINE|⦚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE VARIANT WITH SQUARE|⦜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOT|⦝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH S INSIDE|⦞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ANGLE|⦟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING UP|⦡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED ANGLE|⦢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE|⦣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING UP|⦦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING DOWN|⦧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND RIGHT|⦨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND LEFT|⦩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT|⦪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND LEFT|⦫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND UP|⦬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND UP|⦭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND DOWN|⦮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND DOWN|⦯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED EMPTY SET|⦰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH OVERBAR|⦱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⦲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|⦳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH LEFT ARROW ABOVE|⦴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⦵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED VERTICAL BAR|⦶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PARALLEL|⦷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED REVERSE SOLIDUS|⦸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERPENDICULAR|⦹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL BAR AND TOP HALF DIVIDED BY VERTICAL BAR|⦺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SUPERIMPOSED X|⦻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE-ROTATED DIVISION SIGN|⦼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROW THROUGH CIRCLE|⦽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE BULLET|⦾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BULLET|⦿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LESS-THAN|⧀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED GREATER-THAN|⧁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SMALL CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT|⧂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES TO THE RIGHT|⧃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED RISING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FALLING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ASTERISK|⧆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SMALL CIRCLE|⧇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SQUARE|⧈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO JOINED SQUARES|⧉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH DOT ABOVE|⧊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⧋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|S IN TRIANGLE|⧌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH SERIFS AT BOTTOM|⧍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE ABOVE LEFT TRIANGLE|⧎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGLE BESIDE VERTICAL BAR|⧏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR BESIDE RIGHT TRIANGLE|⧐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK BOWTIE|⧓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HOURGLASS|⧖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HOURGLASS|⧗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WIGGLY FENCE|⧘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE|⧙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMPLETE INFINITY|⧜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIE OVER INFINITY|⧝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY NEGATED WITH VERTICAL BAR|⧞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-ENDED MULTIMAP|⧟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH CONTOURED OUTLINE|⧠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASES AS|⧡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHUFFLE PRODUCT|⧢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL WITH TILDE ABOVE|⧤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLEICH STARK|⧦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMODYNAMIC|⧧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND WITH DOWN ARROW|⧪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOZENGE|⧫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE SQUARE|⧮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK SQUARE|⧯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|29Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE DIAMOND|⧰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK DIAMOND|⧱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE CIRCLE|⧲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK CIRCLE|⧳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RULE-DELAYED|⧴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⧵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLIDUS WITH OVERBAR|⧶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⧷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG SOLIDUS|⧸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG REVERSE SOLIDUS|⧹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PLUS|⧺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PLUS|⧻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY|⧾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINY|⧿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⨀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED PLUS OPERATOR|⨁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED TIMES OPERATOR|⨂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH DOT|⨃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH PLUS|⨄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE INTERSECTION OPERATOR|⨅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE UNION OPERATOR|⨆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL AND OPERATOR|⨇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL OR OPERATOR|⨈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR|⨉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODULO TWO SUM|⨊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION WITH INTEGRAL|⨋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FINITE PART INTEGRAL|⨍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⨎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AVERAGE WITH SLASH|⨏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCULATION FUNCTION|⨐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE INTEGRATION|⨑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH RECTANGULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH SEMICIRCULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION NOT INCLUDING THE POLE|⨔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AROUND A POINT OPERATOR|⨕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUATERNION INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|⨗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH TIMES SIGN|⨘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH INTERSECTION|⨙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNION|⨚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH OVERBAR|⨛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNDERBAR|⨜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOIN|⨝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE LEFT TRIANGLE OPERATOR|⨞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA COMPOSITION|⨟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PIPING|⨠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PROJECTION|⨡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⨢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ABOVE|⨣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE ABOVE|⨤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE BELOW|⨦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SUBSCRIPT TWO|⨧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH BLACK TRIANGLE|⨨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH COMMA ABOVE|⨩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH FALLING DOTS|⨫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH RISING DOTS|⨬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT|⨯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE|⨰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR|⨱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT WITH BOTTOM CLOSED|⨲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMASH PRODUCT|⨳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⨶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|⨷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SIGN|⨸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTHAND INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RELATIONAL COMPOSITION|⨾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMALGAMATION OR COPRODUCT|⨿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH DOT|⩀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH MINUS SIGN|⩁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH OVERBAR|⩂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH OVERBAR|⩃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH LOGICAL AND|⩄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH LOGICAL OR|⩅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE UNION|⩇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE BAR ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE BAR ABOVE UNION|⩉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH UNION|⩊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH INTERSECTION|⩋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS|⩌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED INTERSECTION WITH SERIFS|⩍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE INTERSECTION|⩎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE UNION|⩏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS AND SMASH PRODUCT|⩐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOT ABOVE|⩑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL AND|⩓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL OR|⩔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL AND|⩕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL OR|⩖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE OR|⩗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE AND|⩘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR OVERLAPPING LOGICAL AND|⩙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH UNDERBAR|⩟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL VEE WITH UNDERBAR|⩡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION DOMAIN ANTIRESTRICTION|⩤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RANGE ANTIRESTRICTION|⩥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⩦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL WITH DOT ABOVE|⩧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH TRIPLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH RISING DOTS|⩫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR MINUS SIMILAR|⩬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONGRUENT WITH DOT ABOVE|⩭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS WITH ASTERISK|⩮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⩯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|⩰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE PLUS SIGN|⩱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⩲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⩳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE COLON EQUAL|⩴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE AND TWO DOTS BELOW|⩷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|⩸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⩿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⪀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE RIGHT|⪃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE LEFT|⪄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN|⪝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR GREATER-THAN|⪞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⪡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⪢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN WITH UNDERBAR|⪣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVERLAPPING LESS-THAN|⪤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BESIDE LESS-THAN|⪥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN|⪪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN|⪫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH BUMPY ABOVE|⪮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRECEDES|⪻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUCCEEDS|⪼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH DOT|⪽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH DOT|⪾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⪿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⫀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET|⫏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET|⫐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO|⫑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO|⫒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE SUBSET|⫗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE AND JOINED BY DASH WITH SUBSET|⫘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING DOWNWARDS|⫙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK WITH TEE TOP|⫚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSVERSAL INTERSECTION|⫛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKING|⫝̸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NONFORKING|⫝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT LEFT TACK|⫞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK|⫟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK|⫠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR WITH S|⫡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR TRIPLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⫢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE|⫣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DASH FROM LEFT MEMBER OF DOUBLE VERTICAL|⫦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK WITH OVERBAR|⫧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK WITH UNDERBAR|⫨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK ABOVE SHORT DOWN TACK|⫩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DOWN TACK|⫪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UP TACK|⫫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE WITH REVERSED NEGATION SLASH|⫮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⫯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH TILDE OPERATOR|⫳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR BINARY RELATION|⫴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR|⫶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⫷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⫸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SOLIDUS BINARY RELATION|⫻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR OPERATOR|⫼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⫽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WHITE ARROW|⬄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT BLACK ARROW|⬌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN BLACK ARROW|⬍}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬎}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B1x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬐}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬑}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬒}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⬖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⬗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SQUARE|⬚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE SQUARE|⬛}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LARGE SQUARE|⬜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENTAGON|⬟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B2x
|style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENTAGON|⬠}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEXAGON|⬡}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEXAGON|⬢}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK HEXAGON|⬣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE|⬤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|⬩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|⬪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL LOZENGE|⬫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⬰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LEFTWARDS ARROWS|⬱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⬲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⬳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⬶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⬷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⬸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⬻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⬾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY LEFT|⬿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH GREATER-THAN|⭃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUPERSET|⭄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⭇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭌}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ZIGZAG ARROW|⭍}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT SLANTED NORTH ARROW|⭎}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW|⭏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B5x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM STAR|⭐}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL STAR|⭑}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL STAR|⭒}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭓}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭔}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE|⭕}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OVAL WITH OVAL INSIDE|⭖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⭗}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE|⭘}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLED SALTIRE|⭙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HOOKED HEAD|⭚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HOOKED TAIL|⭛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭳}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TAB KEY|⭾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TAB KEY|⭿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED BOTTOM U-SHAPED ARROW|⮍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED LEFT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED TOP U-SHAPED ARROW|⮏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN LEFT|⮐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN RIGHT|⮑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE LEFT|⮒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE RIGHT|⮓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CORNER ARROWS CIRCLING ANTICLOCKWISE|⮔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⮕}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY ABOVE|⮖}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR TYPE A ELECTRONICS|⮗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D RIGHT-LIGHTED UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D LEFT-LIGHTED DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN LEFT|⮰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT|⮱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP LEFT|⮲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT|⮳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT UP|⮴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT UP|⮵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT DOWN|⮶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT DOWN|⮷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⮸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⮹}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE SQUARES|⮺}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE AND BLACK SQUARES|⮻}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING BLACK SQUARES|⮼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH LIGHT X|⮽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED X|⮾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOLD X|⮿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE CENTRED|⯀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND CENTRED|⯁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK PENTAGON|⯂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK OCTAGON|⯃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK OCTAGON|⯄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯈}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE FORM TWO|⯉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BDx
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POSITION INDICATOR|⯐}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNCERTAINTY SIGN|⯑}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GROUP MARK|⯒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM TWO|⯓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM THREE|⯔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FOUR|⯕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FIVE|⯖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPLUTO|⯗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROSERPINA|⯘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA|⯙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA|⯚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOLUS|⯛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NESSUS|⯜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MOON SELENA|⯝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND ON CROSS|⯞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE LIGHT MOON ARTA|⯟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPIDO|⯠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HADES|⯡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEUS|⯢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KRONOS|⯣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOLLON|⯤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMETOS|⯥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULCANUS|⯦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSEIDON|⯧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK STAR|⯨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK STAR|⯩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⯪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⯫}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯬}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯭}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯮}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM ONE|⯰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM TWO|⯱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEDNA|⯲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL VIGINTILE|⯳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL NOVILE|⯴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL QUINTILE|⯵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL BINOVILE|⯶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL SENTAGON|⯷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL TREDECILE|⯸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY BELOW|⯹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNITED SYMBOL|⯺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED SYMBOL|⯻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED SYMBOL|⯼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSED SYMBOL|⯽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RIGHT ANGLE|⯾}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HELLSCHREIBER PAUSE SYMBOL|⯿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU|Ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY|Ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE|Ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI|Ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO|Ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU|Ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE|Ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|Ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA|Ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE|Ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|Ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI|Ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO|Ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE|Ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE|Ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI|Ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU|Ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI|Ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI|Ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO|Ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO|Ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU|Ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU|Ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU|Ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU|Ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|Ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA|Ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI|Ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI|Ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|Ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|Ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI|Ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI|Ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA|Ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|Ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS|Ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|Ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO|Ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|Ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|Ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|Ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|Ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|Ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC|Ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|Ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|Ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|Ⱟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU|ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY|ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE|ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI|ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO|ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU|ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE|ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA|ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE|ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I|ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI|ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO|ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE|ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE|ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI|ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU|ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI|ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI|ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO|ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO|ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU|ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU|ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU|ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU|ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE|ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA|ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI|ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI|ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA|ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU|ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI|ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI|ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA|ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU|ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS|ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO|ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA|ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC|ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|ⱟ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-C'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|Ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|Ɫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE|Ᵽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TAIL|Ɽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE|ⱥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|ⱦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|Ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|Ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|Ⱬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|ⱬ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|Ɑ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH HOOK|Ɱ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A|Ɐ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C7x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|Ɒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK|ⱱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH HOOK|Ⱳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH HOOK|ⱳ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH CURL|ⱴ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HALF H|Ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF H|ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI|ⱷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH NOTCH|ⱸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH TAIL|ⱹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE|ⱺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E|ⱻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER J|ⱼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL V|ⱽ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|Ȿ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|Ɀ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Coptic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA|Ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA|ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA|Ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA|ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|Ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA|ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA|Ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA|ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE|Ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE|ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU|Ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU|ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA|Ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA|ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE|Ⲏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE|ⲏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE|Ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE|ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA|Ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA|ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA|Ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA|ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA|Ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA|ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI|Ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI|ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI|Ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI|ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|Ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI|ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⲟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER O|ⲟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI|Ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI|ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO|Ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO|ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA|Ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA|ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU|Ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU|ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA|Ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA|ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI|Ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI|ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI|Ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI|ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|Ⲯ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI|ⲯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU|Ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU|ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|Ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|Ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|Ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|Ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|Ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|Ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|Ⲿ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|ⲿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI|Ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI|ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|Ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|Ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|Ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|Ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|Ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|Ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|Ⳏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|ⳏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|Ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|Ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|Ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|Ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|Ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|Ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|Ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|Ⳟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|ⳟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|Ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|Ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KAI|ⳤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO|⳥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO|⳦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS|⳧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO|⳨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO|⳩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA|⳪}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|Ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|Ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE| ⳯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CFx
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER| ⳰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS| ⳱}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|Ⳳ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|ⳳ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP|⳹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER|⳼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF|⳽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FULL STOP|⳾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER|⳿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AN|ⴀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER BAN|ⴁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GAN|ⴂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER DON|ⴃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER EN|ⴄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER VIN|ⴅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZEN|ⴆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAN|ⴇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER IN|ⴈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KAN|ⴉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER LAS|ⴊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER MAN|ⴋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER NAR|ⴌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ON|ⴍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PAR|ⴎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZHAR|ⴏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER RAE|ⴐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SAN|ⴑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAR|ⴒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER UN|ⴓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PHAR|ⴔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KHAR|ⴕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN|ⴖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER QAR|ⴗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SHIN|ⴘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHIN|ⴙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CAN|ⴚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JIL|ⴛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CIL|ⴜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHAR|ⴝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER XAN|ⴞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JHAN|ⴟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D2x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAE|ⴠ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HE|ⴡ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HIE|ⴢ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER WE|ⴣ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAR|ⴤ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HOE|ⴥ}}|| ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER YN|ⴧ}}|| || || || || ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AEN|ⴭ}}|| ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tifinagh'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YA|ⴰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAB|ⴱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YABH|ⴲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAG|ⴳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH|ⴴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ|ⴵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ|ⴶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAD|ⴷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADH|ⴸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADD|ⴹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH|ⴺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YEY|ⴻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAF|ⴼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAK|ⴽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK|ⴾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH|ⴿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAH|ⵀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH|ⵁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH|ⵂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH|ⵃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAA|ⵄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH|ⵅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH|ⵆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ|ⵇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ|ⵈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YI|ⵉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH|ⵊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH|ⵋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH|ⵌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAL|ⵍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAM|ⵎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAN|ⵏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN|ⵐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG|ⵑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAP|ⵒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YU|ⵓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAR|ⵔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YARR|ⵕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH|ⵖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH|ⵗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH|ⵘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAS|ⵙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASS|ⵚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASH|ⵛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAT|ⵜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATH|ⵝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YACH|ⵞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATT|ⵟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAV|ⵠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAW|ⵡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAY|ⵢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ|ⵣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ|ⵤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ|ⵥ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YE|ⵦ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YO|ⵧ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK|ⵯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D7x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK|⵰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER| ⵿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LOA|ⶀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MOA|ⶁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ROA|ⶂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SOA|ⶃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHOA|ⶄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BOA|ⶅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TOA|ⶆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE COA|ⶇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NOA|ⶈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYOA|ⶉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL OA|ⶊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZOA|ⶋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DOA|ⶌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDOA|ⶍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JOA|ⶎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THOA|ⶏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D9x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHOA|ⶐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHOA|ⶑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE POA|ⶒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWA|ⶓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWI|ⶔ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWEE|ⶕ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWE|ⶖ}}|| || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSA|ⶠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSU|ⶡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSI|ⶢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSAA|ⶣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSEE|ⶤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSE|ⶥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSO|ⶦ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCA|ⶨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCU|ⶩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCI|ⶪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCAA|ⶫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCEE|ⶬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCE|ⶭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCO|ⶮ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZA|ⶰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZU|ⶱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZI|ⶲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZAA|ⶳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZEE|ⶴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZE|ⶵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZO|ⶶ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHA|ⶸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHU|ⶹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHI|ⶺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHAA|ⶻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHEE|ⶼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHE|ⶽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHO|ⶾ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYA|ⷀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYU|ⷁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYI|ⷂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYAA|ⷃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYEE|ⷄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYE|ⷅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYO|ⷆ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYA|ⷈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYU|ⷉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYI|ⷊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYAA|ⷋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYEE|ⷌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYE|ⷍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYO|ⷎ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYA|ⷐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYU|ⷑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYI|ⷒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYAA|ⷓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYEE|ⷔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYE|ⷕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYO|ⷖ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYA|ⷘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYU|ⷙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYI|ⷚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYAA|ⷛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYEE|ⷜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYE|ⷝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYO|ⷞ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BE| ⷠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER VE| ⷡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER GHE| ⷢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DE| ⷣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZHE| ⷤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZE| ⷥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER KA| ⷦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EL| ⷧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EM| ⷨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EN| ⷩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O| ⷪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER PE| ⷫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ER| ⷬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES| ⷭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TE| ⷮ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HA| ⷯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TSE| ⷰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER CHE| ⷱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHA| ⷲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHCHA| ⷳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER FITA| ⷴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES-TE| ⷵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER A| ⷶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IE| ⷷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DJERV| ⷸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER MONOGRAPH UK| ⷹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YAT| ⷺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YU| ⷻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A| ⷼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER LITTLE YUS| ⷽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BIG YUS| ⷾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS| ⷿ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE DOTTED SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOTTED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED TRANSPOSITION MARKER|⸈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SQUARE|⸋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EDITORIAL CORONIS|⸎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHOS| ⸏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPODIASTOLE|⸒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED OBELOS|⸓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ANCORA|⸔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ANCORA|⸕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE|⸖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⸗}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED INTERROBANG|⸘}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM BRANCH|⸙}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS|⸚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH RING ABOVE|⸛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE|⸞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT BELOW|⸟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|⸪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|⸫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⸬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT MARK|⸭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED QUESTION MARK|⸮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TILDE|ⸯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E3x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING POINT|⸰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT|⸱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED COMMA|⸲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOT|⸳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED COMMA|⸴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SEMICOLON|⸵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH LEFT GUARD|⸶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH RIGHT GUARD|⸷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DAGGER|⸸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF SECTION SIGN|⸹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-EM DASH|⸺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-EM DASH|⸻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|⸼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL SIX DOTS|⸽}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY VERTICAL LINE|⸾}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPITULUM|⸿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E4x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HYPHEN|⹀}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED COMMA|⹁}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|⹂}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH WITH LEFT UPTURN|⹃}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUSPENSION MARK|⹄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA|⹅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA WITH KAVYKA ABOVE|⹆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA|⹇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA WITH DOT|⹈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STACKED COMMA|⹉}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SOLIDUS|⹊}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE DAGGER|⹋}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL COMMA|⹌}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHUS MARK|⹍}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUS ELEVATUS MARK|⹎}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORNISH VERSE DIVIDER|⹏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E5x
|style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH RIGHT CROSSBAR|⹐}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|⹑}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN CAPITAL ET|⹒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL EXCLAMATION MARK|⹓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL QUESTION MARK|⹔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⹝}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E6x
|style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹠}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹡}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹢}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹣}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Radicals Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL REPEAT|⺀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLIFF|⺁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND ONE|⺂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND TWO|⺃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE|⺄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PERSON|⺅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOX|⺆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TABLE|⺇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE|⺈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE TWO|⺉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DIVINATION|⺊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SEAL|⺋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE|⺌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL TWO|⺍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME ONE|⺎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME TWO|⺏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME THREE|⺐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME FOUR|⺑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNAKE|⺒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL THREAD|⺓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT ONE|⺔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT TWO|⺕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART ONE|⺖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART TWO|⺗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HAND|⺘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAP|⺙}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CHOKE|⺛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SUN|⺜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOON|⺝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DEATH|⺞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOTHER|⺟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN|⺠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER ONE|⺡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER TWO|⺢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FIRE|⺣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW ONE|⺤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW TWO|⺥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HALF TREE TRUNK|⺦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL COW|⺧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DOG|⺨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL JADE|⺩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⺪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EYE|⺫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT ONE|⺬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT TWO|⺭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BAMBOO|⺮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SILK|⺯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SILK|⺰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET ONE|⺱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET TWO|⺲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET THREE|⺳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET FOUR|⺴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MESH|⺵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SHEEP|⺶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAM|⺷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EWE|⺸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL OLD|⺹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE|⺺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO|⺻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MEAT|⺼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MORTAR|⺽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE|⺾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO|⺿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE|⻀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TIGER|⻁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLOTHES|⻂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST ONE|⻃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST TWO|⻄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE|⻅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN|⻆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HORN|⻇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH|⻈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL|⻉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FOOT|⻊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART|⻋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK|⻌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK ONE|⻍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK TWO|⻎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CITY|⻏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD|⻐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG ONE|⻑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG TWO|⻒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG|⻓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE|⻔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE|⻕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO|⻖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAIN|⻗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BLUE|⻘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER|⻙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF|⻚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND|⻛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY|⻜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT ONE|⻝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT TWO|⻞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT THREE|⻟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT|⻠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEAD|⻡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE|⻢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BONE|⻣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GHOST|⻤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH|⻥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD|⻦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT|⻧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT|⻨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW|⻩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG|⻪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EFx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TURTLE|⻱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻳}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kangxi Radicals'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONE|⼀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LINE|⼁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOT|⼂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLASH|⼃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SECOND|⼄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HOOK|⼅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO|⼆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LID|⼇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MAN|⼈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEGS|⼉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENTER|⼊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT|⼋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX|⼌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COVER|⼍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ICE|⼎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TABLE|⼏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX|⼐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE|⼑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL POWER|⼒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRAP|⼓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPOON|⼔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX|⼕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE|⼖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TEN|⼗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION|⼘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEAL|⼙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF|⼚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE|⼛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN|⼜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH|⼝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE|⼞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EARTH|⼟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR|⼠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO|⼡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY|⼢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVENING|⼣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIG|⼤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN|⼥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CHILD|⼦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ROOF|⼧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INCH|⼨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SMALL|⼩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LAME|⼪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE|⼫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT|⼬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN|⼭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIVER|⼮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WORK|⼯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF|⼰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN|⼱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRY|⼲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD|⼳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF|⼴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE|⼵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS|⼶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT|⼷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOW|⼸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT|⼹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE|⼺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEP|⼻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEART|⼼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD|⼽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOOR|⼾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAND|⼿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH|⽀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAP|⽁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT|⽂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER|⽃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AXE|⽄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE|⽅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOT|⽆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SUN|⽇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SAY|⽈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOON|⽉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TREE|⽊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LACK|⽋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOP|⽌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEATH|⽍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON|⽎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT|⽏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE|⽐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FUR|⽑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAN|⽒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEAM|⽓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WATER|⽔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIRE|⽕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAW|⽖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FATHER|⽗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X|⽘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK|⽙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLICE|⽚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FANG|⽛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COW|⽜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOG|⽝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND|⽞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JADE|⽟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MELON|⽠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TILE|⽡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SWEET|⽢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LIFE|⽣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL USE|⽤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIELD|⽥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⽦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS|⽧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT|⽨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHITE|⽩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SKIN|⽪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISH|⽫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EYE|⽬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR|⽭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARROW|⽮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STONE|⽯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT|⽰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRACK|⽱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN|⽲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAVE|⽳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STAND|⽴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO|⽵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RICE|⽶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SILK|⽷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JAR|⽸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NET|⽹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP|⽺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER|⽻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OLD|⽼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AND|⽽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PLOW|⽾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAR|⽿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH|⾀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MEAT|⾁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER|⾂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SELF|⾃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE|⾄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR|⾅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE|⾆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE|⾇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOAT|⾈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING|⾉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COLOR|⾊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRASS|⾋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TIGER|⾌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INSECT|⾍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD|⾎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE|⾏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES|⾐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEST|⾑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEE|⾒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORN|⾓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH|⾔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY|⾕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BEAN|⾖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PIG|⾗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BADGER|⾘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHELL|⾙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RED|⾚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RUN|⾛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FOOT|⾜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BODY|⾝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CART|⾞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BITTER|⾟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORNING|⾠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK|⾡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CITY|⾢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WINE|⾣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH|⾤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE|⾥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GOLD|⾦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG|⾧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GATE|⾨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUND|⾩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE|⾪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD|⾫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAIN|⾬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLUE|⾭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRONG|⾮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FACE|⾯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER|⾰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER|⾱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEEK|⾲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SOUND|⾳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEAF|⾴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WIND|⾵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLY|⾶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAT|⾷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEAD|⾸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT|⾹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORSE|⾺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BONE|⾻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TALL|⾼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAIR|⾽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT|⾾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE|⾿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON|⿀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GHOST|⿁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FISH|⿂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIRD|⿃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SALT|⿄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEER|⿅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT|⿆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEMP|⿇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW|⿈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MILLET|⿉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLACK|⿊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY|⿋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FROG|⿌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD|⿍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRUM|⿎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAT|⿏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FDx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOSE|⿐}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVEN|⿑}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH|⿒}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON|⿓}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE|⿔}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE|⿕}}|| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT|⿰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW|⿱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT|⿲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW|⿳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND|⿴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE|⿵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW|⿶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT|⿷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT|⿸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT|⿹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT|⿺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID|⿻}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM RIGHT|⿼}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER RIGHT|⿽}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER HORIZONTAL REFLECTION|⿾}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ROTATION|⿿}}
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}
l6mk3psh1e8ycfblgv5yzh7fwnu4kbr
4637364
4637363
2026-05-24T07:15:04Z
~2026-25678-06
3579663
4637364
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{:Unicode/Character reference}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''General Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|200x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EN QUAD|[NQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM QUAD|[MQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN SPACE|[EN SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM SPACE|[EM SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-PER-EM SPACE|[3/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR-PER-EM SPACE|[4/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX-PER-EM SPACE|[6/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE SPACE|[F SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUATION SPACE|[P SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SPACE|[TH SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR SPACE|[H SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|[ZW SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER|[ZW NJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH JOINER|[ZW J]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK|[LRM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK|[RLM]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|201x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN|‐}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN|[NB -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE DASH|‒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN DASH|–}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM DASH|—}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BAR|―}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE|‖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW LINE|‗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|‘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|’}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|‚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|“}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|”}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|„}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|202x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER|†}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DAGGER|‡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET|•}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR BULLET|‣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT LEADER|․}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT LEADER|‥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|…}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHENATION POINT|‧}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE SEPARATOR|[L SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|[P SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING|[LRE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING|[RLE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING|[PDF]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE|[LRO]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE|[RLO]}}||style="background:#f1ff63;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE|[NNB SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|203x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER MILLE SIGN|‰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|‱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRIME|′}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME|″}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PRIME|‴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PRIME|‵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME|‶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME|‷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET|‸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|‹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|›}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REFERENCE MARK|※}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|‼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERROBANG|‽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLINE|‾}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDERTIE|‿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|204x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHARACTER TIE|⁀}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET INSERTION POINT|⁁}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISM|⁂}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN BULLET|⁃}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION SLASH|⁄}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁅}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁆}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE QUESTION MARK|⁇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK|⁈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK|⁉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN ET|⁊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PILCROW SIGN|⁋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET|⁌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET|⁍}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW ASTERISK|⁎}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SEMICOLON|⁏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|205x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSE UP|⁐}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY|⁑}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN|⁒}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWUNG DASH|⁓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED UNDERTIE|⁔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PUNCTUATION MARK|⁕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE PRIME|⁗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⁘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT PUNCTUATION|⁚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT MARK|⁛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CROSS|⁜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICOLON|⁝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL FOUR DOTS|⁞}}||style="background:#b1ff69;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE|[MM SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|206x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD JOINER|[WJ]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNCTION APPLICATION|[ƒ( )]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE TIMES|[×]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE SEPARATOR|[,]}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE PLUS|[+]}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE|[LRI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE|[RLI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST STRONG ISOLATE|[FSI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE|[PDI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[I S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[A S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[I AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[A AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NA DS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NO DS]}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|207x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ZERO|⁰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⁱ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⁲}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⁳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FOUR|⁴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FIVE|⁵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SIX|⁶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN|⁷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT|⁸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT NINE|⁹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|⁺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT MINUS|⁻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|⁼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|⁽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⁾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⁿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|208x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ZERO|₀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ONE|₁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT TWO|₂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT THREE|₃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FOUR|₄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FIVE|₅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SIX|₆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SEVEN|₇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EIGHT|₈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT NINE|₉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|₊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT MINUS|₋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|₌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|₍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|₎}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH AND LOW VERTICAL LINE|₏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8"
!style="background:#ffffff"|209x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|ₐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E|ₑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|ₒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X|ₓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA|ₔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER H|ₕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER K|ₖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER L|ₗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER M|ₘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER N|ₙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER P|ₚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER S|ₛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER T|ₜ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER W|₝}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Y|₞}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Z|₟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Currency Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO-CURRENCY SIGN|₠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON SIGN|₡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUZEIRO SIGN|₢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRANC SIGN|₣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIRA SIGN|₤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILL SIGN|₥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIRA SIGN|₦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PESETA SIGN|₧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUPEE SIGN|₨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WON SIGN|₩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW SHEQEL SIGN|₪}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONG SIGN|₫}}||style="background:#ffea60"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO SIGN|€}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIP SIGN|₭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TUGRIK SIGN|₮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRACHMA SIGN|₯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Bx
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GERMAN PENNY SIGN|₰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PESO SIGN|₱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARANI SIGN|₲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUSTRAL SIGN|₳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HRYVNIA SIGN|₴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDI SIGN|₵}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN|₶}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPESMILO SIGN|₷}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TENGE SIGN|₸}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIAN RUPEE SIGN|₹}}||style="background:#81deff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKISH LIRA SIGN|₺}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORDIC MARK SIGN|₻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANAT SIGN|₼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUBLE SIGN|₽}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARI SIGN|₾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BITCOIN SIGN|₿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Cx||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOM SIGN|⃀}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAUDI RIYAL SIGN|⃁}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUFIYAA SIGN|⃂}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UAE DIRHAM SIGN|⃃}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OMANI RIYAL SIGN|⃄}}|| || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE| ⃖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING OVERLAY| ⃘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE| ⃛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE| ⃜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE| ⃝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE| ⃞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND| ⃟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ex
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH| ⃠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃡}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN| ⃢}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP| ⃣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING UPWARD POINTING TRIANGLE| ⃤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE OVERLAY| ⃦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANNUITY SYMBOL| ⃧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE UNDERDOT| ⃨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE BRIDGE ABOVE| ⃩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS ARROW OVERLAY| ⃪}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG DOUBLE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃫}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃬}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃭}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW BELOW| ⃮}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW BELOW| ⃯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Fx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE| ⃰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Letterlike Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|210x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCOUNT OF|℀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT|℁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C|ℂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE CELSIUS|℃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTRE LINE SYMBOL|℄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARE OF|℅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADA UNA|℆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EULER CONSTANT|ℇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRUPLE|℈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE FAHRENHEIT|℉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL G|ℊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL H|ℋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H|ℌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H|ℍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT|ℎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI|ℏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|211x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL I|ℐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|ℑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL L|ℒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL L|ℓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|L B BAR SYMBOL|℔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N|ℕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMERO SIGN|№}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT|℗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION|℘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P|ℙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q|ℚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL R|ℛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|ℜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R|ℝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRESCRIPTION TAKE|℞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESPONSE|℟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|212x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SERVICE MARK|℠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE SIGN|℡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRADE MARK SIGN|™}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERSICLE|℣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z|ℤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUNCE SIGN|℥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OHM SIGN|Ω}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED OHM SIGN|℧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z|ℨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|℩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KELVIN SIGN|K}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGSTROM SIGN|Å}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL B|ℬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C|ℭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATED SYMBOL|℮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL E|ℯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|213x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL E|ℰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL F|ℱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED CAPITAL F|Ⅎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL M|ℳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL O|ℴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEF SYMBOL|ℵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BET SYMBOL|ℶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIMEL SYMBOL|ℷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DALET SYMBOL|ℸ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION SOURCE|ℹ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED CAPITAL Q|℺}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACSIMILE SIGN|℻}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI|ℼ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL GAMMA|ℽ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL GAMMA|ℾ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI|ℿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|214x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK N-ARY SUMMATION|⅀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|⅁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|⅄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC CAPITAL D|ⅅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL D|ⅆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E|ⅇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL I|ⅈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL J|ⅉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPERTY LINE|⅊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED AMPERSAND|⅋}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER SIGN|⅌}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AKTIESELSKAB|⅍}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SMALL F|ⅎ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE|⅏}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Number Forms'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|215x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH|⅐}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH|⅑}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH|⅒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD|⅓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS|⅔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH|⅕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS|⅖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS|⅗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS|⅘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH|⅙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS|⅚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|⅛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|⅜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|⅝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|⅞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE|⅟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|216x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|Ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|Ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|Ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|Ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|Ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|Ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|Ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|Ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|Ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|Ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|Ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|Ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|Ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|Ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|Ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|Ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|217x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|218x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D|ↀ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND|ↁ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND|ↂ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED|Ↄ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C|ↄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM|ↅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM|ↆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND|ↇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|ↈ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS|↉}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT TWO|↊}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT THREE|↋}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|219x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW|←}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW|↑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW|→}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW|↓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW|↔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW|↕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW|↖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW|↗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW|↘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW|↙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|↨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW|↭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE|↮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|↯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS|↴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS|↵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR|↸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|↹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|↼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|↽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|↾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|↿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|⇀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|⇁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|⇂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|⇃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW|⇄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW|⇅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⇆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON|⇋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON|⇌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⇔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|⇕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR|⇪}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇫}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⇬}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR|⇭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW|⇮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Fx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL|⇰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER|⇱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER|⇲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN WHITE ARROW|⇳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⇴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW|⇵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|⇶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|220x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FOR ALL|∀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPLEMENT|∁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|∂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE EXISTS|∃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE DOES NOT EXIST|∄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET|∅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREMENT|∆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABLA|∇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF|∈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT AN ELEMENT OF|∉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF|∊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER|∌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END OF PROOF|∎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY PRODUCT|∏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|221x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY COPRODUCT|∐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SUMMATION|∑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN|−}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN|∓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT PLUS|∔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SLASH|∕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SET MINUS|∖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK OPERATOR|∗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING OPERATOR|∘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET OPERATOR|∙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ROOT|√}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUBE ROOT|∛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOURTH ROOT|∜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTIONAL TO|∝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY|∞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE|∟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|222x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE|∠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE|∡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE|∢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVIDES|∣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE|∤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL TO|∥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT PARALLEL TO|∦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND|∧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR|∨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION|∩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION|∪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL|∫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTEGRAL|∬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE INTEGRAL|∭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFACE INTEGRAL|∯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|223x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLUME INTEGRAL|∰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL|∱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THEREFORE|∴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BECAUSE|∵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RATIO|∶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTION|∷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT MINUS|∸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCESS|∹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRIC PROPORTION|∺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOMOTHETIC|∻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR|∼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE|∽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S|∾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINE WAVE|∿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|224x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WREATH PRODUCT|≀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TILDE|≁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS TILDE|≂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO|≈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|≉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|≊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE TILDE|≋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL EQUAL TO|≌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT TO|≍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO|≎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIFFERENCE BETWEEN|≏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|225x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROACHES THE LIMIT|≐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUAL TO|≑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF|≒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON EQUALS|≔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS COLON|≕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING IN EQUAL TO|≖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING EQUAL TO|≗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CORRESPONDS TO|≘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATES|≙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIANGULAR TO|≚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR EQUALS|≛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELTA EQUAL TO|≜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION|≝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED BY|≞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTIONED EQUAL TO|≟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|226x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUAL TO|≠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO|≡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT IDENTICAL TO|≢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO|≣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH LESS-THAN|≪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH GREATER-THAN|≫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BETWEEN|≬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUIVALENT TO|≭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT LESS-THAN|≮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT GREATER-THAN|≯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|227x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN|≶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN|≷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATER-THAN|≸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESS-THAN|≹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES|≺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS|≻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUAL TO|≼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO|≽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUIVALENT TO|≾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO|≿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|228x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE|⊀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED|⊁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF|⊂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF|⊃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUBSET OF|⊄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUPERSET OF|⊅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET|⊌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET MULTIPLICATION|⊍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET UNION|⊎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF|⊏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|229x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF|⊐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⊑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⊒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAP|⊓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CUP|⊔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PLUS|⊕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MINUS|⊖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIMES|⊗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH|⊘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⊙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED RING OPERATOR|⊚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ASTERISK OPERATOR|⊛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EQUALS|⊜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DASH|⊝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PLUS|⊞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MINUS|⊟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TIMES|⊠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED DOT OPERATOR|⊡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TACK|⊢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TACK|⊣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK|⊤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK|⊥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASSERTION|⊦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODELS|⊧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE|⊨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORCES|⊩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PROVE|⊬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TRUE|⊭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT FORCE|⊮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATED DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES UNDER RELATION|⊰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION|⊱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⊲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⊳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⊴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL TO|⊵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIGINAL OF|⊶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF|⊷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIMAP|⊸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERMITIAN CONJUGATE MATRIX|⊹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERCALATE|⊺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XOR|⊻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAND|⊼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOR|⊽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC|⊾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE|⊿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL AND|⋀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL OR|⋁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY INTERSECTION|⋂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION|⋃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND OPERATOR|⋄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT OPERATOR|⋅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OPERATOR|⋆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION TIMES|⋇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE|⋈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE EQUALS|⋍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL OR|⋎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL AND|⋏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUBSET|⋐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUPERSET|⋑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTERSECTION|⋒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UNION|⋓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK|⋔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO|⋕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH DOT|⋖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH DOT|⋗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH LESS-THAN|⋘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH GREATER-THAN|⋙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES|⋞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR SUCCEEDS|⋟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE OR EQUAL|⋠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED OR EQUAL|⋡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⋢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⋣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⋪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⋫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⋬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL|⋭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ELLIPSIS|⋮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|⋯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Fx
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋰}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE|⋵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR|⋸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES|⋹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP|⋿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Technical'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|230x
|style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMETER SIGN|⌀}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC ARROW|⌁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE|⌂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD|⌃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN ARROWHEAD|⌄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROJECTIVE|⌅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSPECTIVE|⌆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY LINE|⌇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CEILING|⌈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CEILING|⌉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FLOOR|⌊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FLOOR|⌋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CROP|⌌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CROP|⌍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CROP|⌎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CROP|⌏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|231x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED NOT SIGN|⌐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOZENGE|⌑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARC|⌒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENT|⌓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR|⌔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECORDER|⌕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSITION INDICATOR|⌖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIEWDATA SQUARE|⌗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|⌘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NOT SIGN|⌙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATCH|⌚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS|⌛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CORNER|⌜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CORNER|⌝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CORNER|⌞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER|⌟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|232x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF INTEGRAL|⌠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|⌡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWN|⌢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILE|⌣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL BARS|⌤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTION KEY|⌥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE RIGHT|⌦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|X IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⌧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD|⌨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE LEFT|⌫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING|⌬}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYLINDRICITY|⌭}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL AROUND-PROFILE|⌮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMMETRY|⌯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|233x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTAL RUNOUT|⌰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIMENSION ORIGIN|⌱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONICAL TAPER|⌲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPE|⌳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERBORE|⌴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERSINK|⌵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL I-BEAM|⌶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SQUISH QUAD|⌷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD EQUAL|⌸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIVIDE|⌹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIAMOND|⌺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD JOT|⌻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD CIRCLE|⌼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STILE|⌽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE JOT|⌾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SLASH BAR|⌿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|234x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL BACKSLASH BAR|⍀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD SLASH|⍁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD BACKSLASH|⍂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LESS-THAN|⍃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD GREATER-THAN|⍄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFTWARDS VANE|⍅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RIGHTWARDS VANE|⍆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LEFTWARDS ARROW|⍇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⍈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE BACKSLASH|⍉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK UNDERBAR|⍊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA STILE|⍋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWN CARET|⍌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DELTA|⍍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK JOT|⍎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UPWARDS VANE|⍏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|235x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UPWARDS ARROW|⍐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK OVERBAR|⍑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL STILE|⍒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UP CARET|⍓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DEL|⍔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK JOT|⍕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWNWARDS VANE|⍖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWNWARDS ARROW|⍗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE UNDERBAR|⍘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA UNDERBAR|⍙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DIAMOND UNDERBAR|⍚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT UNDERBAR|⍛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE UNDERBAR|⍜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT|⍝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE QUAD|⍞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STAR|⍟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|236x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON|⍠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK DIAERESIS|⍡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL DIAERESIS|⍢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STAR DIAERESIS|⍣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT DIAERESIS|⍤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE DIAERESIS|⍥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN SHOE STILE|⍦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFT SHOE STILE|⍧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL TILDE DIAERESIS|⍨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL GREATER-THAN DIAERESIS|⍩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL COMMA BAR|⍪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL TILDE|⍫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ZILDE|⍬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STILE TILDE|⍭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SEMICOLON UNDERBAR|⍮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD NOT EQUAL|⍯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|237x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD QUESTION|⍰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE|⍱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP CARET TILDE|⍲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA|⍳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO|⍴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA|⍵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR|⍶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL EPSILON UNDERBAR|⍷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR|⍸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR|⍹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA|⍺}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT CHECK MARK|⍻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|⍼}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOULDERED OPEN BOX|⍽}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL SYMBOL|⍾}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT|⍿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|238x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSERTION SYMBOL|⎀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPHASIS SYMBOL|⎃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPOSITION SYMBOL|⎄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE|⎅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENTER SYMBOL|⎆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL|⎇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELM SYMBOL|⎈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH|⎉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN|⎊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW|⎋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDO SYMBOL|⎌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOSTABLE SYMBOL|⎍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYSTERESIS SYMBOL|⎎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL|⎏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff|239x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL|⎐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO|⎓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL|⎔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD|⎕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL|⎖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PREVIOUS PAGE|⎗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEXT PAGE|⎘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL|⎙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL|⎚}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎛}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎜}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎝}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎞}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff|23Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY BRACKET EXTENSION|⎪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL EXTENSION|⎮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE EXTENSION|⎯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|23Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT OR LOWER RIGHT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT OR LOWER LEFT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION TOP|⎲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION BOTTOM|⎳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET|⎵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET OVER TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADICAL SYMBOL BOTTOM|⎷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-1|⎺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-3|⎻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-7|⎼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-9|⎽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP RIGHT|⎾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM RIGHT|⎿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH CIRCLE|⏀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND WAVE|⏆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|⏉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|⏊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP LEFT|⏋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM LEFT|⏌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOOT|⏍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN SYMBOL|⏎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EJECT SYMBOL|⏏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Dx
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE EXTENSION|⏐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL BREVE|⏑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER SHORT|⏒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL SHORT OVER LONG|⏓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER TWO SHORTS|⏔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS OVER LONG|⏕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS JOINED|⏖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TRISEME|⏗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TETRASEME|⏘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL PENTASEME|⏙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GROUND|⏚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUSE|⏛}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP PARENTHESIS|⏜}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM PARENTHESIS|⏝}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP CURLY BRACKET|⏞}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM CURLY BRACKET|⏟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRAPEZIUM|⏢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING WITH CIRCLE|⏣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHTNESS|⏤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATNESS|⏥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AC CURRENT|⏦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRICAL INTERSECTION|⏧}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL|⏨}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏩}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏪}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏫}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏬}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏭}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏮}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Fx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM CLOCK|⏰}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOPWATCH|⏱}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMER CLOCK|⏲}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS WITH FLOWING SAND|⏳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE FOR STOP|⏹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD|⏺}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SYMBOL|⏻}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON-OFF SYMBOL|⏼}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON SYMBOL|⏽}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SLEEP SYMBOL|⏾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OBSERVER EYE SYMBOL|⏿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Control Pictures'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|240x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NULL|␀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING|␁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT|␂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT|␃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION|␄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY|␅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE|␆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BELL|␇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE|␈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION|␉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED|␊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION|␋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED|␌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN|␍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT|␎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN|␏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|241x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE|␐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE|␑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO|␒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE|␓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|␔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|␕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|␖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|␗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CANCEL|␘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM|␙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE|␚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE|␛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR|␜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR|␝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR|␞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR|␟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|242x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SPACE|␠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE|␡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLANK SYMBOL|␢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOX|␣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE|␤}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO|␥}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO|␦}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKERBOARD FORM|␧}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKERBOARD FORM|␨}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM|␩}}|| || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|243x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Optical Character Recognition'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|244x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR HOOK|⑀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CHAIR|⑁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR FORK|⑂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR INVERTED FORK|⑃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BELT BUCKLE|⑄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BOW TIE|⑅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION|⑆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK|⑇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR ON US SYMBOL|⑈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR DASH SYMBOL|⑉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH|⑊}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|245x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|246x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|①}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|②}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|③}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|④}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⑤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⑥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⑦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⑧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⑨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⑩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⑫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⑬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⑭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⑮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⑯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|247x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⑰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⑱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⑲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⑳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE|⑴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO|⑵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE|⑶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR|⑷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE|⑸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX|⑹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN|⑺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT|⑻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE|⑼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN|⑽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE|⑿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|248x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⒀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⒁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⒂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⒃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⒄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⒅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN|⒆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY|⒇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE FULL STOP|⒈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO FULL STOP|⒉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE FULL STOP|⒊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP|⒋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP|⒌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX FULL STOP|⒍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP|⒎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP|⒏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|249x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE FULL STOP|⒐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN FULL STOP|⒑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP|⒒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP|⒓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP|⒔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP|⒕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP|⒖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP|⒗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP|⒘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP|⒙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP|⒚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP|⒛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|⒜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|⒝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|⒞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|⒟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|⒠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|⒡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|⒢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|⒣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|⒤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|⒥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|⒦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|⒧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|⒨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|⒩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|⒪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|⒫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|⒬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|⒭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|⒮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|⒯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|⒰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|⒱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|⒲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⒳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⒴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|⒵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|Ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|Ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|Ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|Ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|Ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|Ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|Ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|Ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|Ⓙ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|Ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|Ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|Ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|Ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|Ⓟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|Ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|Ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|Ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|Ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|Ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|Ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|Ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|Ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|Ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|Ⓩ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|ⓙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|ⓟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|ⓩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓪}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⓫}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⓬}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⓭}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⓮}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⓯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⓰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⓱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⓲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⓳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⓴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|⓵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|⓶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|⓷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|⓸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⓹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⓺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⓻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⓼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⓽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⓾}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Box Drawing'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|250x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|─}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL|━}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|│}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL|┃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|┌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT|┏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|251x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|┐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT|┓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|└}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT|┗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|┘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT|┛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|├}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|252x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT|┣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|┤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND LEFT|┫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|253x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|┴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL|┻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|┼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT|┽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT|┾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|254x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|╃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|╄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|╅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|╆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY|╉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT VERTICAL HEAVY|╊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|255x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|═}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|║}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|╔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|╗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|╚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|╝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|256x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|╠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|╣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|╦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|╩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT|╭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT|╮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT|╯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|257x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT|╰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|╱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|╲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS|╳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT|╴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP|╵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT|╶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN|╷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT|╸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP|╹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY RIGHT|╺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN|╻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT|╼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN|╽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT AND LIGHT RIGHT|╾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LIGHT DOWN|╿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Block Elements'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|258x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK|▀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF BLOCK|▄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL BLOCK|█}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLOCK|▌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|259x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLOCK|▐}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SHADE|░}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SHADE|▒}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SHADE|▓}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▔}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER LEFT|▖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER RIGHT|▗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT|▘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER RIGHT|▜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT|▝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE|■}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE|□}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|▢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL FILL|▤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH VERTICAL FILL|▥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|▧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|▨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL SQUARE|▫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RECTANGLE|▬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RECTANGLE|▭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PARALLELOGRAM|▰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PARALLELOGRAM|▱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|▲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|△}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|►}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|▻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND|◆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND|◇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|◈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHEYE|◉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE|◊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE|○}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CIRCLE|◌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH VERTICAL FILL|◍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLSEYE|◎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE|●}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LOWER HALF BLACK|◒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER HALF BLACK|◓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT BLACK|◔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH ALL BUT UPPER LEFT QUADRANT BLACK|◕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BULLET|◘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF CIRCLE|◠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF CIRCLE|◡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE BULLET|◦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH VERTICAL BISECTING LINE|◫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOT|◬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE CIRCLE|◯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◷}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◸}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◹}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◺}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SQUARE|◻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|◼}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◽}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◾}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|260x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SUN WITH RAYS|☀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD|☁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA|☂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN|☃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMET|☄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK STAR|★}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE STAR|☆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING|☇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDERSTORM|☈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN|☉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCENDING NODE|☊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESCENDING NODE|☋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONJUNCTION|☌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPPOSITION|☍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TELEPHONE|☎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TELEPHONE|☏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|261x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX|☐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH CHECK|☑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH X|☒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALTIRE|☓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA WITH RAIN DROPS|☔}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT BEVERAGE|☕}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SHOGI PIECE|☖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SHOGI PIECE|☗}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAMROCK|☘}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|☙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|☚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|☜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|☝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|☟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|262x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL AND CROSSBONES|☠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUTION SIGN|☡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIOACTIVE SIGN|☢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIOHAZARD SIGN|☣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADUCEUS|☤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANKH|☥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHODOX CROSS|☦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHI RHO|☧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF LORRAINE|☨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF JERUSALEM|☩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR AND CRESCENT|☪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FARSI SYMBOL|☫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADI SHAKTI|☬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND SICKLE|☭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACE SYMBOL|☮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YIN YANG|☯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|263x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN|☰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR LAKE|☱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR FIRE|☲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER|☳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WIND|☴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WATER|☵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN|☶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR EARTH|☷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL OF DHARMA|☸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FROWNING FACE|☹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMILING FACE|☺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMILING FACE|☻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|☼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON|☽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON|☾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERCURY|☿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|264x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMALE SIGN|♀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH|♁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE SIGN|♂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUPITER|♃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATURN|♄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|URANUS|♅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE|♆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO|♇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARIES|♈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAURUS|♉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEMINI|♊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCER|♋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEO|♌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIRGO|♍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIBRA|♎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPIUS|♏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|265x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAGITTARIUS|♐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPRICORN|♑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AQUARIUS|♒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISCES|♓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING|♔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN|♕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK|♖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP|♗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT|♘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN|♙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING|♚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN|♛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK|♜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP|♝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT|♞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN|♟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|266x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SPADE SUIT|♠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART SUIT|♡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND SUIT|♢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CLUB SUIT|♣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SPADE SUIT|♤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART SUIT|♥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|♦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CLUB SUIT|♧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT SPRINGS|♨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUARTER NOTE|♩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHTH NOTE|♪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|♫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES|♬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC FLAT SIGN|♭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC NATURAL SIGN|♮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC SHARP SIGN|♯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|267x
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEST SYRIAC CROSS|♰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAST SYRIAC CROSS|♱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-1 PLASTICS|♳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-2 PLASTICS|♴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-3 PLASTICS|♵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-4 PLASTICS|♶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-5 PLASTICS|♷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-6 PLASTICS|♸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-7 PLASTICS|♹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR GENERIC MATERIALS|♺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIALLY-RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♽}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERMANENT PAPER SIGN|♾}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL|♿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|268x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-1|⚀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-2|⚁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-3|⚂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-4|⚃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-5|⚄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-6|⚅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOT RIGHT|⚆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|⚇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE DOT RIGHT|⚈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH TWO WHITE DOTS|⚉}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YANG|⚊}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YIN|⚋}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YANG|⚌}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YIN|⚍}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YANG|⚎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YIN|⚏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|269x
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG|⚐}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLAG|⚑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND PICK|⚒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANCHOR|⚓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED SWORDS|⚔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF AESCULAPIUS|⚕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCALES|⚖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEMBIC|⚗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER|⚘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR|⚙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF HERMES|⚚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATOM SYMBOL|⚛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEUR-DE-LIS|⚜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED WHITE STAR|⚝}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT|⚞}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING LEFT|⚟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ax
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARNING SIGN|⚠}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN|⚡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED FEMALE SIGN|⚢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED MALE SIGN|⚣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERLOCKED FEMALE AND MALE SIGN|⚤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE AND MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE|⚪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BLACK CIRCLE|⚫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE|⚬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARRIAGE SYMBOL|⚭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVORCE SYMBOL|⚮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNMARRIED PARTNERSHIP SYMBOL|⚯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Bx
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COFFIN|⚰}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNERAL URN|⚱}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTER|⚲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CERES|⚳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALLAS|⚴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUNO|⚵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA|⚶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIRON|⚷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MOON LILITH|⚸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEXTILE|⚹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMISEXTILE|⚺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUINCUNX|⚻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SESQUIQUADRATE|⚼}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCCER BALL|⚽}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASEBALL|⚾}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KEY|⚿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Cx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS MAN|⛀}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS KING|⛁}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS MAN|⛂}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS KING|⛃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN WITHOUT SNOW|⛄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN BEHIND CLOUD|⛅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAIN|⛆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SNOWMAN|⛇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDER CLOUD AND RAIN|⛈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED WHITE SHOGI PIECE|⛉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK SHOGI PIECE|⛊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND IN SQUARE|⛋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSING LANES|⛌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISABLED CAR|⛍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPHIUCHUS|⛎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PICK|⛏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAR SLIDING|⛐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELMET WITH WHITE CROSS|⛑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSSING LANES|⛒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAINS|⛓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY|⛔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATE ONE-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT LANE MERGE|⛘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT LANE MERGE|⛙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRIVE SLOW SIGN|⛚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⛛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CLOSED ENTRY|⛜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SALTIRE|⛝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL IN WHITE CIRCLE IN BLACK SQUARE|⛞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TRUCK|⛟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-1|⛠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-2|⛡}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR URANUS|⛢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH STROKE AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|⛣}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PENTAGRAM|⛤}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛥}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛦}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED PENTAGRAM|⛧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CROSS ON SHIELD|⛨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHINTO SHRINE|⛩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHURCH|⛪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CASTLE|⛫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HISTORIC SITE|⛬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITHOUT HUB|⛭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITH HANDLES|⛮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAP SYMBOL FOR LIGHTHOUSE|⛯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN|⛰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA ON GROUND|⛱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUNTAIN|⛲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAG IN HOLE|⛳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRY|⛴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAILBOAT|⛵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNERS|⛶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKIER|⛷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE SKATE|⛸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BALL|⛹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENT|⛺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE BANK SYMBOL|⛻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE GRAVEYARD SYMBOL|⛼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUEL PUMP|⛽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP ON BLACK SQUARE|⛾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG WITH HORIZONTAL MIDDLE BLACK STRIPE|⛿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Dingbats'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|270x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SAFETY SCISSORS|✀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER BLADE SCISSORS|✁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SCISSORS|✂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER BLADE SCISSORS|✃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SCISSORS|✄}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY CHECK MARK|✅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN|✆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE DRIVE|✇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE|✈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE|✉}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED FIST|✊}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND|✋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORY HAND|✌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRITING HAND|✍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT PENCIL|✎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENCIL|✏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|271x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT PENCIL|✐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE NIB|✑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NIB|✒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECK MARK|✓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHECK MARK|✔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION X|✕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X|✖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT X|✗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BALLOT X|✘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED GREEK CROSS|✙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY GREEK CROSS|✚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CROSS|✝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS|✞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CROSS|✟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|272x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALTESE CROSS|✠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OF DAVID|✡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK|✥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR|✦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR|✧}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLES|✨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR|✩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE STAR|✪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR|✫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR|✬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINWHEEL STAR|✯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|273x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE STAR|✰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ASTERISK|✱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK|✲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|✳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|✴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|✵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|✶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|✹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK|✺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE|✾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLORETTE|✿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|274x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLORETTE|❀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE|❁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR|❂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK|❃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWFLAKE|❄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE|❅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE|❆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLE|❇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SPARKLE|❈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|❉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❋}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS MARK|❌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|❍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED CROSS MARK|❎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|275x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❒}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❓}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X|❖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL|❗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT VERTICAL BAR|❘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR|❙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY VERTICAL BAR|❚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❞}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|276x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT|❡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK HEART|❤}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET|❥}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORAL HEART|❦}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|❧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|277x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❱}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❲}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❳}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❴}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|❶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|❷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|❸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|❹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|❺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|❻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|❼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|❽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|❾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|❿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|278x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|279x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY PLUS SIGN|➕}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MINUS SIGN|➖}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DIVISION SIGN|➗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW|➘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW|➚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Bx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOOP|➰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➾}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CURLY LOOP|➿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANGLE|⟀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRIANGLE CONTAINING SMALL WHITE TRIANGLE|⟁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR|⟂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUBSET|⟃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUPERSET|⟄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟆}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OR WITH DOT INSIDE|⟇}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET|⟈}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET PRECEDING SOLIDUS|⟉}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⟊}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RISING DIAGONAL|⟋}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DIVISION|⟌}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FALLING DIAGONAL|⟍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL AND|⟎}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL OR|⟏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND WITH CENTRED DOT|⟐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AND WITH DOT|⟑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING UPWARDS|⟒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT CORNER WITH DOT|⟓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT CORNER WITH DOT|⟔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT OUTER JOIN|⟕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OUTER JOIN|⟖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL OUTER JOIN|⟗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE UP TACK|⟘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE DOWN TACK|⟙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT DOUBLE TURNSTILE|⟚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TACK|⟛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT MULTIMAP|⟜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHT TACK|⟝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT TACK|⟞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⟟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE|⟠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND|⟡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|⟨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|⟩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟫}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟬}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟭}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟮}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟯}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⟴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|⟵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⟶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW|⟷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⟺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⟿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Braille Patterns'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|280x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK|⠀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1|⠁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2|⠂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12|⠃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3|⠄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13|⠅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23|⠆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123|⠇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4|⠈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14|⠉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24|⠊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124|⠋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34|⠌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134|⠍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234|⠎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234|⠏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|281x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5|⠐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15|⠑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25|⠒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125|⠓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35|⠔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135|⠕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235|⠖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235|⠗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45|⠘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145|⠙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245|⠚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245|⠛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345|⠜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345|⠝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345|⠞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345|⠟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|282x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6|⠠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16|⠡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26|⠢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126|⠣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36|⠤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136|⠥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236|⠦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236|⠧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46|⠨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146|⠩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246|⠪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246|⠫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346|⠬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346|⠭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346|⠮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346|⠯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|283x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56|⠰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156|⠱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256|⠲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256|⠳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356|⠴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356|⠵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356|⠶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356|⠷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456|⠸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456|⠹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456|⠺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456|⠻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456|⠼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456|⠽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456|⠾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456|⠿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|284x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7|⡀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17|⡁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27|⡂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127|⡃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37|⡄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137|⡅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237|⡆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237|⡇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47|⡈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147|⡉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247|⡊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247|⡋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347|⡌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347|⡍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347|⡎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347|⡏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|285x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57|⡐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157|⡑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257|⡒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257|⡓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357|⡔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357|⡕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357|⡖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357|⡗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457|⡘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457|⡙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457|⡚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457|⡛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457|⡜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457|⡝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457|⡞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457|⡟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|286x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67|⡠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167|⡡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267|⡢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267|⡣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367|⡤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367|⡥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367|⡦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367|⡧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467|⡨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467|⡩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467|⡪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467|⡫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467|⡬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467|⡭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467|⡮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467|⡯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|287x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567|⡰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567|⡱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567|⡲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567|⡳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567|⡴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567|⡵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567|⡶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567|⡷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567|⡸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567|⡹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567|⡺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567|⡻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567|⡼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567|⡽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567|⡾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567|⡿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|288x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8|⢀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18|⢁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28|⢂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128|⢃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38|⢄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138|⢅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238|⢆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238|⢇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48|⢈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148|⢉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248|⢊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248|⢋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348|⢌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348|⢍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348|⢎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348|⢏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|289x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58|⢐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158|⢑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258|⢒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258|⢓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358|⢔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358|⢕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358|⢖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358|⢗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458|⢘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458|⢙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458|⢚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458|⢛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458|⢜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458|⢝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458|⢞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458|⢟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68|⢠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168|⢡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268|⢢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268|⢣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368|⢤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368|⢥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368|⢦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368|⢧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468|⢨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468|⢩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468|⢪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468|⢫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468|⢬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468|⢭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468|⢮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468|⢯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568|⢰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568|⢱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568|⢲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568|⢳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568|⢴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568|⢵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568|⢶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568|⢷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568|⢸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568|⢹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568|⢺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568|⢻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568|⢼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568|⢽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568|⢾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568|⢿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78|⣀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178|⣁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278|⣂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278|⣃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378|⣄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378|⣅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378|⣆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378|⣇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478|⣈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478|⣉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478|⣊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478|⣋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478|⣌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478|⣍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478|⣎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478|⣏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578|⣐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578|⣑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578|⣒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578|⣓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578|⣔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578|⣕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578|⣖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578|⣗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578|⣘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578|⣙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578|⣚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578|⣛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578|⣜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578|⣝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578|⣞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578|⣟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678|⣠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678|⣡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678|⣢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678|⣣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678|⣤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678|⣥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678|⣦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678|⣧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678|⣨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678|⣩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678|⣪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678|⣫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678|⣬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678|⣭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678|⣮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678|⣯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678|⣰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678|⣱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678|⣲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678|⣳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678|⣴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678|⣵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678|⣶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678|⣷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678|⣸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678|⣹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678|⣺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678|⣻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678|⣼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678|⣽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678|⣾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678|⣿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|290x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⤅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|291x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⤑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⤖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|292x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH EAST ARROW|⤧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH WEST ARROW|⤪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING FALLING DIAGONAL|⤫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING RISING DIAGONAL|⤬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|293x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH WEST ARROW|⤱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT|⤳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING UPWARDS|⤴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING DOWNWARDS|⤵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING LEFTWARDS|⤶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHTWARDS|⤷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SIDE ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SIDE ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW WITH MINUS|⤼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW WITH PLUS|⤽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SEMICIRCULAR CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT SEMICIRCULAR ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|294x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⥇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW THROUGH SMALL CIRCLE|⥈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM SMALL CIRCLE|⥉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|295x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|296x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|297x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH ROUNDED HEAD|⥰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⥵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH LESS-THAN|⥷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUBSET|⥺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FISH TAIL|⥼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FISH TAIL|⥽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP FISH TAIL|⥾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN FISH TAIL|⥿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|298x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR DELIMITER|⦀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SPOT|⦁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION TYPE COLON|⦂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET|⦇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET|⦈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET|⦉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT BINDING BRACKET|⦊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|299x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LEFT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED FENCE|⦙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ZIGZAG LINE|⦚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE VARIANT WITH SQUARE|⦜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOT|⦝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH S INSIDE|⦞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ANGLE|⦟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING UP|⦡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED ANGLE|⦢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE|⦣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING UP|⦦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING DOWN|⦧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND RIGHT|⦨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND LEFT|⦩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT|⦪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND LEFT|⦫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND UP|⦬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND UP|⦭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND DOWN|⦮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND DOWN|⦯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED EMPTY SET|⦰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH OVERBAR|⦱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⦲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|⦳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH LEFT ARROW ABOVE|⦴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⦵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED VERTICAL BAR|⦶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PARALLEL|⦷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED REVERSE SOLIDUS|⦸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERPENDICULAR|⦹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL BAR AND TOP HALF DIVIDED BY VERTICAL BAR|⦺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SUPERIMPOSED X|⦻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE-ROTATED DIVISION SIGN|⦼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROW THROUGH CIRCLE|⦽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE BULLET|⦾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BULLET|⦿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LESS-THAN|⧀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED GREATER-THAN|⧁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SMALL CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT|⧂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES TO THE RIGHT|⧃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED RISING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FALLING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ASTERISK|⧆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SMALL CIRCLE|⧇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SQUARE|⧈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO JOINED SQUARES|⧉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH DOT ABOVE|⧊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⧋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|S IN TRIANGLE|⧌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH SERIFS AT BOTTOM|⧍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE ABOVE LEFT TRIANGLE|⧎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGLE BESIDE VERTICAL BAR|⧏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR BESIDE RIGHT TRIANGLE|⧐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK BOWTIE|⧓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HOURGLASS|⧖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HOURGLASS|⧗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WIGGLY FENCE|⧘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE|⧙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMPLETE INFINITY|⧜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIE OVER INFINITY|⧝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY NEGATED WITH VERTICAL BAR|⧞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-ENDED MULTIMAP|⧟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH CONTOURED OUTLINE|⧠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASES AS|⧡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHUFFLE PRODUCT|⧢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL WITH TILDE ABOVE|⧤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLEICH STARK|⧦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMODYNAMIC|⧧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND WITH DOWN ARROW|⧪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOZENGE|⧫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE SQUARE|⧮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK SQUARE|⧯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|29Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE DIAMOND|⧰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK DIAMOND|⧱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE CIRCLE|⧲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK CIRCLE|⧳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RULE-DELAYED|⧴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⧵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLIDUS WITH OVERBAR|⧶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⧷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG SOLIDUS|⧸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG REVERSE SOLIDUS|⧹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PLUS|⧺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PLUS|⧻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY|⧾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINY|⧿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⨀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED PLUS OPERATOR|⨁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED TIMES OPERATOR|⨂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH DOT|⨃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH PLUS|⨄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE INTERSECTION OPERATOR|⨅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE UNION OPERATOR|⨆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL AND OPERATOR|⨇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL OR OPERATOR|⨈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR|⨉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODULO TWO SUM|⨊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION WITH INTEGRAL|⨋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FINITE PART INTEGRAL|⨍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⨎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AVERAGE WITH SLASH|⨏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCULATION FUNCTION|⨐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE INTEGRATION|⨑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH RECTANGULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH SEMICIRCULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION NOT INCLUDING THE POLE|⨔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AROUND A POINT OPERATOR|⨕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUATERNION INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|⨗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH TIMES SIGN|⨘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH INTERSECTION|⨙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNION|⨚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH OVERBAR|⨛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNDERBAR|⨜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOIN|⨝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE LEFT TRIANGLE OPERATOR|⨞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA COMPOSITION|⨟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PIPING|⨠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PROJECTION|⨡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⨢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ABOVE|⨣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE ABOVE|⨤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE BELOW|⨦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SUBSCRIPT TWO|⨧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH BLACK TRIANGLE|⨨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH COMMA ABOVE|⨩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH FALLING DOTS|⨫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH RISING DOTS|⨬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT|⨯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE|⨰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR|⨱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT WITH BOTTOM CLOSED|⨲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMASH PRODUCT|⨳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⨶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|⨷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SIGN|⨸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTHAND INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RELATIONAL COMPOSITION|⨾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMALGAMATION OR COPRODUCT|⨿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH DOT|⩀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH MINUS SIGN|⩁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH OVERBAR|⩂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH OVERBAR|⩃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH LOGICAL AND|⩄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH LOGICAL OR|⩅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE UNION|⩇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE BAR ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE BAR ABOVE UNION|⩉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH UNION|⩊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH INTERSECTION|⩋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS|⩌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED INTERSECTION WITH SERIFS|⩍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE INTERSECTION|⩎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE UNION|⩏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS AND SMASH PRODUCT|⩐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOT ABOVE|⩑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL AND|⩓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL OR|⩔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL AND|⩕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL OR|⩖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE OR|⩗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE AND|⩘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR OVERLAPPING LOGICAL AND|⩙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH UNDERBAR|⩟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL VEE WITH UNDERBAR|⩡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION DOMAIN ANTIRESTRICTION|⩤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RANGE ANTIRESTRICTION|⩥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⩦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL WITH DOT ABOVE|⩧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH TRIPLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH RISING DOTS|⩫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR MINUS SIMILAR|⩬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONGRUENT WITH DOT ABOVE|⩭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS WITH ASTERISK|⩮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⩯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|⩰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE PLUS SIGN|⩱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⩲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⩳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE COLON EQUAL|⩴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE AND TWO DOTS BELOW|⩷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|⩸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⩿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⪀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE RIGHT|⪃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE LEFT|⪄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN|⪝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR GREATER-THAN|⪞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⪡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⪢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN WITH UNDERBAR|⪣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVERLAPPING LESS-THAN|⪤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BESIDE LESS-THAN|⪥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN|⪪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN|⪫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH BUMPY ABOVE|⪮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRECEDES|⪻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUCCEEDS|⪼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH DOT|⪽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH DOT|⪾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⪿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⫀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET|⫏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET|⫐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO|⫑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO|⫒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE SUBSET|⫗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE AND JOINED BY DASH WITH SUBSET|⫘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING DOWNWARDS|⫙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK WITH TEE TOP|⫚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSVERSAL INTERSECTION|⫛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKING|⫝̸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NONFORKING|⫝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT LEFT TACK|⫞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK|⫟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK|⫠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR WITH S|⫡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR TRIPLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⫢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE|⫣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DASH FROM LEFT MEMBER OF DOUBLE VERTICAL|⫦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK WITH OVERBAR|⫧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK WITH UNDERBAR|⫨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK ABOVE SHORT DOWN TACK|⫩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DOWN TACK|⫪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UP TACK|⫫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE WITH REVERSED NEGATION SLASH|⫮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⫯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH TILDE OPERATOR|⫳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR BINARY RELATION|⫴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR|⫶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⫷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⫸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SOLIDUS BINARY RELATION|⫻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR OPERATOR|⫼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⫽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WHITE ARROW|⬄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT BLACK ARROW|⬌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN BLACK ARROW|⬍}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬎}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B1x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬐}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬑}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬒}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⬖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⬗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SQUARE|⬚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE SQUARE|⬛}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LARGE SQUARE|⬜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENTAGON|⬟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B2x
|style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENTAGON|⬠}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEXAGON|⬡}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEXAGON|⬢}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK HEXAGON|⬣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE|⬤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|⬩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|⬪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL LOZENGE|⬫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⬰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LEFTWARDS ARROWS|⬱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⬲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⬳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⬶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⬷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⬸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⬻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⬾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY LEFT|⬿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH GREATER-THAN|⭃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUPERSET|⭄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⭇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭌}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ZIGZAG ARROW|⭍}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT SLANTED NORTH ARROW|⭎}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW|⭏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B5x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM STAR|⭐}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL STAR|⭑}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL STAR|⭒}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭓}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭔}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE|⭕}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OVAL WITH OVAL INSIDE|⭖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⭗}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE|⭘}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLED SALTIRE|⭙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HOOKED HEAD|⭚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HOOKED TAIL|⭛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭳}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TAB KEY|⭾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TAB KEY|⭿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED BOTTOM U-SHAPED ARROW|⮍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED LEFT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED TOP U-SHAPED ARROW|⮏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN LEFT|⮐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN RIGHT|⮑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE LEFT|⮒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE RIGHT|⮓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CORNER ARROWS CIRCLING ANTICLOCKWISE|⮔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⮕}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY ABOVE|⮖}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR TYPE A ELECTRONICS|⮗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D RIGHT-LIGHTED UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D LEFT-LIGHTED DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN LEFT|⮰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT|⮱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP LEFT|⮲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT|⮳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT UP|⮴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT UP|⮵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT DOWN|⮶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT DOWN|⮷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⮸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⮹}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE SQUARES|⮺}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE AND BLACK SQUARES|⮻}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING BLACK SQUARES|⮼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH LIGHT X|⮽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED X|⮾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOLD X|⮿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE CENTRED|⯀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND CENTRED|⯁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK PENTAGON|⯂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK OCTAGON|⯃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK OCTAGON|⯄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯈}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE FORM TWO|⯉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BDx
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POSITION INDICATOR|⯐}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNCERTAINTY SIGN|⯑}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GROUP MARK|⯒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM TWO|⯓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM THREE|⯔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FOUR|⯕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FIVE|⯖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPLUTO|⯗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROSERPINA|⯘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA|⯙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA|⯚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOLUS|⯛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NESSUS|⯜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MOON SELENA|⯝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND ON CROSS|⯞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE LIGHT MOON ARTA|⯟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPIDO|⯠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HADES|⯡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEUS|⯢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KRONOS|⯣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOLLON|⯤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMETOS|⯥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULCANUS|⯦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSEIDON|⯧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK STAR|⯨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK STAR|⯩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⯪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⯫}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯬}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯭}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯮}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM ONE|⯰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM TWO|⯱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEDNA|⯲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL VIGINTILE|⯳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL NOVILE|⯴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL QUINTILE|⯵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL BINOVILE|⯶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL SENTAGON|⯷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL TREDECILE|⯸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY BELOW|⯹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNITED SYMBOL|⯺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED SYMBOL|⯻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED SYMBOL|⯼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSED SYMBOL|⯽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RIGHT ANGLE|⯾}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HELLSCHREIBER PAUSE SYMBOL|⯿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU|Ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY|Ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE|Ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI|Ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO|Ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU|Ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE|Ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|Ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA|Ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE|Ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|Ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI|Ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO|Ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE|Ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE|Ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI|Ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU|Ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI|Ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI|Ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO|Ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO|Ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU|Ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU|Ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU|Ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU|Ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|Ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA|Ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI|Ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI|Ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|Ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|Ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI|Ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI|Ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA|Ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|Ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS|Ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|Ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO|Ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|Ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|Ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|Ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|Ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|Ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC|Ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|Ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|Ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|Ⱟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU|ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY|ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE|ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI|ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO|ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU|ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE|ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA|ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE|ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I|ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI|ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO|ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE|ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE|ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI|ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU|ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI|ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI|ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO|ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO|ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU|ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU|ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU|ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU|ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE|ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA|ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI|ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI|ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA|ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU|ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI|ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI|ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA|ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU|ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS|ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO|ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA|ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC|ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|ⱟ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-C'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|Ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|Ɫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE|Ᵽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TAIL|Ɽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE|ⱥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|ⱦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|Ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|Ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|Ⱬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|ⱬ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|Ɑ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH HOOK|Ɱ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A|Ɐ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C7x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|Ɒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK|ⱱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH HOOK|Ⱳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH HOOK|ⱳ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH CURL|ⱴ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HALF H|Ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF H|ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI|ⱷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH NOTCH|ⱸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH TAIL|ⱹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE|ⱺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E|ⱻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER J|ⱼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL V|ⱽ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|Ȿ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|Ɀ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Coptic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA|Ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA|ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA|Ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA|ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|Ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA|ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA|Ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA|ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE|Ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE|ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU|Ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU|ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA|Ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA|ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE|Ⲏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE|ⲏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE|Ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE|ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA|Ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA|ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA|Ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA|ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA|Ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA|ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI|Ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI|ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI|Ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI|ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|Ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI|ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⲟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER O|ⲟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI|Ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI|ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO|Ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO|ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA|Ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA|ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU|Ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU|ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA|Ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA|ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI|Ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI|ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI|Ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI|ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|Ⲯ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI|ⲯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU|Ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU|ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|Ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|Ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|Ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|Ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|Ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|Ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|Ⲿ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|ⲿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI|Ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI|ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|Ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|Ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|Ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|Ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|Ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|Ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|Ⳏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|ⳏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|Ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|Ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|Ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|Ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|Ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|Ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|Ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|Ⳟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|ⳟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|Ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|Ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KAI|ⳤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO|⳥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO|⳦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS|⳧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO|⳨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO|⳩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA|⳪}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|Ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|Ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE| ⳯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CFx
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER| ⳰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS| ⳱}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|Ⳳ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|ⳳ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP|⳹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER|⳼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF|⳽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FULL STOP|⳾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER|⳿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AN|ⴀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER BAN|ⴁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GAN|ⴂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER DON|ⴃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER EN|ⴄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER VIN|ⴅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZEN|ⴆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAN|ⴇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER IN|ⴈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KAN|ⴉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER LAS|ⴊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER MAN|ⴋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER NAR|ⴌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ON|ⴍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PAR|ⴎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZHAR|ⴏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER RAE|ⴐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SAN|ⴑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAR|ⴒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER UN|ⴓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PHAR|ⴔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KHAR|ⴕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN|ⴖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER QAR|ⴗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SHIN|ⴘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHIN|ⴙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CAN|ⴚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JIL|ⴛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CIL|ⴜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHAR|ⴝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER XAN|ⴞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JHAN|ⴟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D2x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAE|ⴠ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HE|ⴡ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HIE|ⴢ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER WE|ⴣ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAR|ⴤ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HOE|ⴥ}}|| ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER YN|ⴧ}}|| || || || || ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AEN|ⴭ}}|| ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tifinagh'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YA|ⴰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAB|ⴱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YABH|ⴲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAG|ⴳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH|ⴴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ|ⴵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ|ⴶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAD|ⴷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADH|ⴸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADD|ⴹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH|ⴺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YEY|ⴻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAF|ⴼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAK|ⴽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK|ⴾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH|ⴿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAH|ⵀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH|ⵁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH|ⵂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH|ⵃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAA|ⵄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH|ⵅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH|ⵆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ|ⵇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ|ⵈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YI|ⵉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH|ⵊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH|ⵋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH|ⵌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAL|ⵍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAM|ⵎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAN|ⵏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN|ⵐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG|ⵑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAP|ⵒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YU|ⵓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAR|ⵔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YARR|ⵕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH|ⵖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH|ⵗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH|ⵘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAS|ⵙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASS|ⵚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASH|ⵛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAT|ⵜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATH|ⵝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YACH|ⵞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATT|ⵟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAV|ⵠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAW|ⵡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAY|ⵢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ|ⵣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ|ⵤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ|ⵥ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YE|ⵦ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YO|ⵧ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK|ⵯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D7x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK|⵰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER| ⵿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LOA|ⶀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MOA|ⶁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ROA|ⶂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SOA|ⶃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHOA|ⶄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BOA|ⶅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TOA|ⶆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE COA|ⶇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NOA|ⶈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYOA|ⶉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL OA|ⶊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZOA|ⶋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DOA|ⶌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDOA|ⶍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JOA|ⶎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THOA|ⶏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D9x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHOA|ⶐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHOA|ⶑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE POA|ⶒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWA|ⶓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWI|ⶔ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWEE|ⶕ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWE|ⶖ}}|| || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSA|ⶠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSU|ⶡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSI|ⶢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSAA|ⶣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSEE|ⶤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSE|ⶥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSO|ⶦ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCA|ⶨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCU|ⶩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCI|ⶪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCAA|ⶫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCEE|ⶬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCE|ⶭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCO|ⶮ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZA|ⶰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZU|ⶱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZI|ⶲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZAA|ⶳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZEE|ⶴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZE|ⶵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZO|ⶶ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHA|ⶸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHU|ⶹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHI|ⶺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHAA|ⶻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHEE|ⶼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHE|ⶽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHO|ⶾ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYA|ⷀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYU|ⷁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYI|ⷂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYAA|ⷃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYEE|ⷄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYE|ⷅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYO|ⷆ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYA|ⷈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYU|ⷉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYI|ⷊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYAA|ⷋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYEE|ⷌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYE|ⷍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYO|ⷎ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYA|ⷐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYU|ⷑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYI|ⷒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYAA|ⷓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYEE|ⷔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYE|ⷕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYO|ⷖ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYA|ⷘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYU|ⷙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYI|ⷚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYAA|ⷛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYEE|ⷜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYE|ⷝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYO|ⷞ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BE| ⷠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER VE| ⷡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER GHE| ⷢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DE| ⷣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZHE| ⷤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZE| ⷥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER KA| ⷦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EL| ⷧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EM| ⷨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EN| ⷩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O| ⷪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER PE| ⷫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ER| ⷬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES| ⷭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TE| ⷮ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HA| ⷯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TSE| ⷰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER CHE| ⷱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHA| ⷲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHCHA| ⷳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER FITA| ⷴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES-TE| ⷵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER A| ⷶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IE| ⷷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DJERV| ⷸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER MONOGRAPH UK| ⷹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YAT| ⷺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YU| ⷻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A| ⷼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER LITTLE YUS| ⷽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BIG YUS| ⷾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS| ⷿ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE DOTTED SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOTTED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED TRANSPOSITION MARKER|⸈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SQUARE|⸋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EDITORIAL CORONIS|⸎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHOS| ⸏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPODIASTOLE|⸒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED OBELOS|⸓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ANCORA|⸔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ANCORA|⸕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE|⸖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⸗}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED INTERROBANG|⸘}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM BRANCH|⸙}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS|⸚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH RING ABOVE|⸛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE|⸞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT BELOW|⸟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|⸪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|⸫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⸬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT MARK|⸭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED QUESTION MARK|⸮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TILDE|ⸯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E3x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING POINT|⸰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT|⸱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED COMMA|⸲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOT|⸳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED COMMA|⸴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SEMICOLON|⸵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH LEFT GUARD|⸶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH RIGHT GUARD|⸷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DAGGER|⸸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF SECTION SIGN|⸹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-EM DASH|⸺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-EM DASH|⸻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|⸼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL SIX DOTS|⸽}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY VERTICAL LINE|⸾}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPITULUM|⸿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E4x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HYPHEN|⹀}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED COMMA|⹁}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|⹂}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH WITH LEFT UPTURN|⹃}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUSPENSION MARK|⹄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA|⹅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA WITH KAVYKA ABOVE|⹆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA|⹇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA WITH DOT|⹈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STACKED COMMA|⹉}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SOLIDUS|⹊}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE DAGGER|⹋}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL COMMA|⹌}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHUS MARK|⹍}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUS ELEVATUS MARK|⹎}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORNISH VERSE DIVIDER|⹏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E5x
|style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH RIGHT CROSSBAR|⹐}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|⹑}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN CAPITAL ET|⹒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL EXCLAMATION MARK|⹓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL QUESTION MARK|⹔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⹝}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E6x
|style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹠}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹡}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹢}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹣}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Radicals Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL REPEAT|⺀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLIFF|⺁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND ONE|⺂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND TWO|⺃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE|⺄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PERSON|⺅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOX|⺆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TABLE|⺇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE|⺈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE TWO|⺉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DIVINATION|⺊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SEAL|⺋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE|⺌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL TWO|⺍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME ONE|⺎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME TWO|⺏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME THREE|⺐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME FOUR|⺑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNAKE|⺒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL THREAD|⺓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT ONE|⺔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT TWO|⺕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART ONE|⺖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART TWO|⺗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HAND|⺘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAP|⺙}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CHOKE|⺛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SUN|⺜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOON|⺝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DEATH|⺞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOTHER|⺟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN|⺠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER ONE|⺡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER TWO|⺢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FIRE|⺣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW ONE|⺤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW TWO|⺥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HALF TREE TRUNK|⺦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL COW|⺧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DOG|⺨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL JADE|⺩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⺪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EYE|⺫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT ONE|⺬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT TWO|⺭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BAMBOO|⺮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SILK|⺯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SILK|⺰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET ONE|⺱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET TWO|⺲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET THREE|⺳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET FOUR|⺴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MESH|⺵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SHEEP|⺶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAM|⺷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EWE|⺸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL OLD|⺹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE|⺺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO|⺻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MEAT|⺼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MORTAR|⺽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE|⺾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO|⺿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE|⻀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TIGER|⻁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLOTHES|⻂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST ONE|⻃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST TWO|⻄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE|⻅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN|⻆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HORN|⻇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH|⻈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL|⻉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FOOT|⻊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART|⻋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK|⻌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK ONE|⻍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK TWO|⻎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CITY|⻏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD|⻐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG ONE|⻑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG TWO|⻒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG|⻓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE|⻔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE|⻕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO|⻖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAIN|⻗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BLUE|⻘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER|⻙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF|⻚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND|⻛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY|⻜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT ONE|⻝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT TWO|⻞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT THREE|⻟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT|⻠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEAD|⻡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE|⻢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BONE|⻣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GHOST|⻤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH|⻥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD|⻦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT|⻧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT|⻨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW|⻩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG|⻪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EFx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TURTLE|⻱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻳}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kangxi Radicals'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONE|⼀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LINE|⼁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOT|⼂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLASH|⼃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SECOND|⼄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HOOK|⼅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO|⼆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LID|⼇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MAN|⼈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEGS|⼉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENTER|⼊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT|⼋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX|⼌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COVER|⼍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ICE|⼎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TABLE|⼏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX|⼐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE|⼑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL POWER|⼒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRAP|⼓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPOON|⼔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX|⼕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE|⼖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TEN|⼗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION|⼘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEAL|⼙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF|⼚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE|⼛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN|⼜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH|⼝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE|⼞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EARTH|⼟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR|⼠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO|⼡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY|⼢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVENING|⼣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIG|⼤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN|⼥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CHILD|⼦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ROOF|⼧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INCH|⼨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SMALL|⼩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LAME|⼪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE|⼫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT|⼬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN|⼭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIVER|⼮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WORK|⼯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF|⼰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN|⼱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRY|⼲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD|⼳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF|⼴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE|⼵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS|⼶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT|⼷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOW|⼸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT|⼹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE|⼺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEP|⼻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEART|⼼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD|⼽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOOR|⼾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAND|⼿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH|⽀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAP|⽁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT|⽂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER|⽃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AXE|⽄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE|⽅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOT|⽆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SUN|⽇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SAY|⽈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOON|⽉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TREE|⽊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LACK|⽋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOP|⽌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEATH|⽍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON|⽎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT|⽏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE|⽐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FUR|⽑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAN|⽒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEAM|⽓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WATER|⽔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIRE|⽕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAW|⽖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FATHER|⽗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X|⽘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK|⽙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLICE|⽚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FANG|⽛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COW|⽜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOG|⽝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND|⽞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JADE|⽟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MELON|⽠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TILE|⽡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SWEET|⽢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LIFE|⽣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL USE|⽤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIELD|⽥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⽦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS|⽧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT|⽨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHITE|⽩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SKIN|⽪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISH|⽫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EYE|⽬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR|⽭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARROW|⽮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STONE|⽯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT|⽰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRACK|⽱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN|⽲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAVE|⽳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STAND|⽴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO|⽵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RICE|⽶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SILK|⽷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JAR|⽸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NET|⽹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP|⽺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER|⽻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OLD|⽼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AND|⽽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PLOW|⽾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAR|⽿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH|⾀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MEAT|⾁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER|⾂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SELF|⾃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE|⾄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR|⾅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE|⾆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE|⾇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOAT|⾈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING|⾉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COLOR|⾊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRASS|⾋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TIGER|⾌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INSECT|⾍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD|⾎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE|⾏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES|⾐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEST|⾑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEE|⾒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORN|⾓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH|⾔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY|⾕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BEAN|⾖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PIG|⾗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BADGER|⾘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHELL|⾙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RED|⾚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RUN|⾛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FOOT|⾜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BODY|⾝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CART|⾞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BITTER|⾟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORNING|⾠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK|⾡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CITY|⾢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WINE|⾣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH|⾤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE|⾥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GOLD|⾦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG|⾧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GATE|⾨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUND|⾩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE|⾪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD|⾫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAIN|⾬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLUE|⾭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRONG|⾮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FACE|⾯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER|⾰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER|⾱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEEK|⾲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SOUND|⾳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEAF|⾴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WIND|⾵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLY|⾶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAT|⾷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEAD|⾸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT|⾹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORSE|⾺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BONE|⾻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TALL|⾼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAIR|⾽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT|⾾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE|⾿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON|⿀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GHOST|⿁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FISH|⿂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIRD|⿃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SALT|⿄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEER|⿅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT|⿆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEMP|⿇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW|⿈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MILLET|⿉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLACK|⿊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY|⿋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FROG|⿌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD|⿍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRUM|⿎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAT|⿏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FDx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOSE|⿐}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVEN|⿑}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH|⿒}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON|⿓}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE|⿔}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE|⿕}}|| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT|⿰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW|⿱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT|⿲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW|⿳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND|⿴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE|⿵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW|⿶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT|⿷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT|⿸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT|⿹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT|⿺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID|⿻}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM RIGHT|⿼}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER RIGHT|⿽}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER HORIZONTAL REFLECTION|⿾}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ROTATION|⿿}}
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}
ez4fek5ctiau0h59vca7kcant2q4jqi
4637366
4637364
2026-05-24T07:21:40Z
~2026-30241-52
3590047
4637366
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{:Unicode/Character reference}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''General Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|200x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EN QUAD|[NQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM QUAD|[MQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN SPACE|[EN SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM SPACE|[EM SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-PER-EM SPACE|[3/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR-PER-EM SPACE|[4/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX-PER-EM SPACE|[6/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE SPACE|[F SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUATION SPACE|[P SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SPACE|[TH SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR SPACE|[H SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|[ZW SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER|[ZW NJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH JOINER|[ZW J]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK|[LRM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK|[RLM]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|201x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN|‐}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN|[NB -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE DASH|‒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN DASH|–}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM DASH|—}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BAR|―}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE|‖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW LINE|‗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|‘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|’}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|‚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|“}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|”}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|„}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|202x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER|†}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DAGGER|‡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET|•}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR BULLET|‣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT LEADER|․}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT LEADER|‥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|…}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHENATION POINT|‧}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE SEPARATOR|[L SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|[P SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING|[LRE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING|[RLE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING|[PDF]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE|[LRO]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE|[RLO]}}||style="background:#f1ff63;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE|[NNB SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|203x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER MILLE SIGN|‰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|‱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRIME|′}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME|″}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PRIME|‴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PRIME|‵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME|‶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME|‷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET|‸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|‹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|›}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REFERENCE MARK|※}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|‼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERROBANG|‽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLINE|‾}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDERTIE|‿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|204x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHARACTER TIE|⁀}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET INSERTION POINT|⁁}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISM|⁂}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN BULLET|⁃}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION SLASH|⁄}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁅}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁆}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE QUESTION MARK|⁇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK|⁈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK|⁉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN ET|⁊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PILCROW SIGN|⁋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET|⁌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET|⁍}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW ASTERISK|⁎}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SEMICOLON|⁏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|205x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSE UP|⁐}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY|⁑}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN|⁒}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWUNG DASH|⁓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED UNDERTIE|⁔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PUNCTUATION MARK|⁕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE PRIME|⁗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⁘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT PUNCTUATION|⁚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT MARK|⁛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CROSS|⁜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICOLON|⁝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL FOUR DOTS|⁞}}||style="background:#b1ff69;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE|[MM SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|206x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD JOINER|[WJ]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNCTION APPLICATION|[ƒ( )]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE TIMES|[×]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE SEPARATOR|[,]}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE PLUS|[+]}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE|[LRI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE|[RLI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST STRONG ISOLATE|[FSI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE|[PDI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[I S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[A S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[I AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[A AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NA DS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NO DS]}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|207x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ZERO|⁰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⁱ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⁲}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⁳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FOUR|⁴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FIVE|⁵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SIX|⁶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN|⁷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT|⁸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT NINE|⁹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|⁺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT MINUS|⁻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|⁼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|⁽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⁾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⁿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|208x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ZERO|₀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ONE|₁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT TWO|₂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT THREE|₃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FOUR|₄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FIVE|₅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SIX|₆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SEVEN|₇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EIGHT|₈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT NINE|₉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|₊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT MINUS|₋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|₌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|₍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|₎}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH AND LOW VERTICAL LINE|₏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8"
!style="background:#ffffff"|209x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|ₐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E|ₑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|ₒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X|ₓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA|ₔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER H|ₕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER K|ₖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER L|ₗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER M|ₘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER N|ₙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER P|ₚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER S|ₛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER T|ₜ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER W|₝}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Y|₞}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Z|₟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Currency Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO-CURRENCY SIGN|₠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON SIGN|₡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUZEIRO SIGN|₢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRANC SIGN|₣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIRA SIGN|₤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILL SIGN|₥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIRA SIGN|₦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PESETA SIGN|₧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUPEE SIGN|₨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WON SIGN|₩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW SHEQEL SIGN|₪}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONG SIGN|₫}}||style="background:#ffea60"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO SIGN|€}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIP SIGN|₭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TUGRIK SIGN|₮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRACHMA SIGN|₯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Bx
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GERMAN PENNY SIGN|₰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PESO SIGN|₱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARANI SIGN|₲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUSTRAL SIGN|₳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HRYVNIA SIGN|₴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDI SIGN|₵}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN|₶}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPESMILO SIGN|₷}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TENGE SIGN|₸}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIAN RUPEE SIGN|₹}}||style="background:#81deff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKISH LIRA SIGN|₺}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORDIC MARK SIGN|₻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANAT SIGN|₼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUBLE SIGN|₽}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARI SIGN|₾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BITCOIN SIGN|₿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Cx||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOM SIGN|⃀}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAUDI RIYAL SIGN|⃁}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUFIYAA SIGN|⃂}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UAE DIRHAM SIGN|⃃}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OMANI RIYAL SIGN|⃄}}|| || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE| ⃖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING OVERLAY| ⃘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE| ⃛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE| ⃜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE| ⃝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE| ⃞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND| ⃟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ex
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH| ⃠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃡}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN| ⃢}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP| ⃣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING UPWARD POINTING TRIANGLE| ⃤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE OVERLAY| ⃦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANNUITY SYMBOL| ⃧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE UNDERDOT| ⃨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE BRIDGE ABOVE| ⃩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS ARROW OVERLAY| ⃪}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG DOUBLE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃫}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃬}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃭}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW BELOW| ⃮}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW BELOW| ⃯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Fx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE| ⃰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Letterlike Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|210x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCOUNT OF|℀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT|℁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C|ℂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE CELSIUS|℃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTRE LINE SYMBOL|℄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARE OF|℅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADA UNA|℆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EULER CONSTANT|ℇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRUPLE|℈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE FAHRENHEIT|℉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL G|ℊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL H|ℋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H|ℌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H|ℍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT|ℎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI|ℏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|211x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL I|ℐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|ℑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL L|ℒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL L|ℓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|L B BAR SYMBOL|℔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N|ℕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMERO SIGN|№}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT|℗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION|℘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P|ℙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q|ℚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL R|ℛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|ℜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R|ℝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRESCRIPTION TAKE|℞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESPONSE|℟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|212x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SERVICE MARK|℠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE SIGN|℡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRADE MARK SIGN|™}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERSICLE|℣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z|ℤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUNCE SIGN|℥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OHM SIGN|Ω}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED OHM SIGN|℧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z|ℨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|℩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KELVIN SIGN|K}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGSTROM SIGN|Å}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL B|ℬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C|ℭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATED SYMBOL|℮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL E|ℯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|213x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL E|ℰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL F|ℱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED CAPITAL F|Ⅎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL M|ℳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL O|ℴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEF SYMBOL|ℵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BET SYMBOL|ℶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIMEL SYMBOL|ℷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DALET SYMBOL|ℸ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION SOURCE|ℹ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED CAPITAL Q|℺}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACSIMILE SIGN|℻}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI|ℼ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL GAMMA|ℽ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL GAMMA|ℾ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI|ℿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|214x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK N-ARY SUMMATION|⅀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|⅁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|⅄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC CAPITAL D|ⅅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL D|ⅆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E|ⅇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL I|ⅈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL J|ⅉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPERTY LINE|⅊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED AMPERSAND|⅋}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER SIGN|⅌}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AKTIESELSKAB|⅍}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SMALL F|ⅎ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE|⅏}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Number Forms'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|215x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH|⅐}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH|⅑}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH|⅒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD|⅓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS|⅔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH|⅕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS|⅖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS|⅗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS|⅘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH|⅙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS|⅚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|⅛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|⅜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|⅝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|⅞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE|⅟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|216x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|Ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|Ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|Ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|Ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|Ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|Ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|Ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|Ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|Ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|Ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|Ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|Ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|Ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|Ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|Ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|Ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|217x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|218x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D|ↀ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND|ↁ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND|ↂ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED|Ↄ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C|ↄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM|ↅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM|ↆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND|ↇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|ↈ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS|↉}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT TWO|↊}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT THREE|↋}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN|↌}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN|↍}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE|↎}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WITH SLASH|↏}}|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|219x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW|←}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW|↑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW|→}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW|↓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW|↔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW|↕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW|↖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW|↗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW|↘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW|↙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|↨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW|↭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE|↮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|↯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS|↴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS|↵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR|↸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|↹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|↼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|↽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|↾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|↿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|⇀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|⇁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|⇂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|⇃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW|⇄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW|⇅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⇆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON|⇋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON|⇌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⇔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|⇕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR|⇪}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇫}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⇬}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR|⇭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW|⇮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Fx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL|⇰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER|⇱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER|⇲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN WHITE ARROW|⇳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⇴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW|⇵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|⇶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|220x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FOR ALL|∀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPLEMENT|∁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|∂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE EXISTS|∃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE DOES NOT EXIST|∄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET|∅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREMENT|∆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABLA|∇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF|∈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT AN ELEMENT OF|∉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF|∊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER|∌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END OF PROOF|∎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY PRODUCT|∏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|221x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY COPRODUCT|∐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SUMMATION|∑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN|−}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN|∓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT PLUS|∔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SLASH|∕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SET MINUS|∖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK OPERATOR|∗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING OPERATOR|∘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET OPERATOR|∙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ROOT|√}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUBE ROOT|∛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOURTH ROOT|∜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTIONAL TO|∝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY|∞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE|∟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|222x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE|∠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE|∡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE|∢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVIDES|∣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE|∤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL TO|∥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT PARALLEL TO|∦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND|∧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR|∨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION|∩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION|∪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL|∫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTEGRAL|∬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE INTEGRAL|∭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFACE INTEGRAL|∯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|223x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLUME INTEGRAL|∰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL|∱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THEREFORE|∴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BECAUSE|∵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RATIO|∶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTION|∷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT MINUS|∸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCESS|∹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRIC PROPORTION|∺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOMOTHETIC|∻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR|∼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE|∽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S|∾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINE WAVE|∿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|224x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WREATH PRODUCT|≀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TILDE|≁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS TILDE|≂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO|≈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|≉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|≊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE TILDE|≋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL EQUAL TO|≌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT TO|≍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO|≎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIFFERENCE BETWEEN|≏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|225x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROACHES THE LIMIT|≐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUAL TO|≑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF|≒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON EQUALS|≔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS COLON|≕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING IN EQUAL TO|≖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING EQUAL TO|≗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CORRESPONDS TO|≘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATES|≙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIANGULAR TO|≚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR EQUALS|≛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELTA EQUAL TO|≜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION|≝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED BY|≞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTIONED EQUAL TO|≟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|226x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUAL TO|≠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO|≡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT IDENTICAL TO|≢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO|≣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH LESS-THAN|≪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH GREATER-THAN|≫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BETWEEN|≬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUIVALENT TO|≭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT LESS-THAN|≮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT GREATER-THAN|≯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|227x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN|≶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN|≷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATER-THAN|≸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESS-THAN|≹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES|≺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS|≻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUAL TO|≼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO|≽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUIVALENT TO|≾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO|≿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|228x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE|⊀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED|⊁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF|⊂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF|⊃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUBSET OF|⊄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUPERSET OF|⊅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET|⊌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET MULTIPLICATION|⊍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET UNION|⊎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF|⊏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|229x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF|⊐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⊑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⊒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAP|⊓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CUP|⊔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PLUS|⊕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MINUS|⊖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIMES|⊗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH|⊘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⊙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED RING OPERATOR|⊚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ASTERISK OPERATOR|⊛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EQUALS|⊜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DASH|⊝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PLUS|⊞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MINUS|⊟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TIMES|⊠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED DOT OPERATOR|⊡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TACK|⊢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TACK|⊣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK|⊤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK|⊥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASSERTION|⊦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODELS|⊧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE|⊨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORCES|⊩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PROVE|⊬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TRUE|⊭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT FORCE|⊮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATED DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES UNDER RELATION|⊰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION|⊱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⊲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⊳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⊴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL TO|⊵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIGINAL OF|⊶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF|⊷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIMAP|⊸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERMITIAN CONJUGATE MATRIX|⊹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERCALATE|⊺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XOR|⊻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAND|⊼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOR|⊽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC|⊾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE|⊿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL AND|⋀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL OR|⋁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY INTERSECTION|⋂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION|⋃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND OPERATOR|⋄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT OPERATOR|⋅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OPERATOR|⋆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION TIMES|⋇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE|⋈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE EQUALS|⋍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL OR|⋎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL AND|⋏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUBSET|⋐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUPERSET|⋑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTERSECTION|⋒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UNION|⋓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK|⋔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO|⋕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH DOT|⋖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH DOT|⋗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH LESS-THAN|⋘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH GREATER-THAN|⋙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES|⋞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR SUCCEEDS|⋟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE OR EQUAL|⋠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED OR EQUAL|⋡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⋢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⋣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⋪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⋫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⋬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL|⋭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ELLIPSIS|⋮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|⋯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Fx
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋰}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE|⋵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR|⋸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES|⋹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP|⋿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Technical'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|230x
|style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMETER SIGN|⌀}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC ARROW|⌁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE|⌂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD|⌃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN ARROWHEAD|⌄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROJECTIVE|⌅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSPECTIVE|⌆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY LINE|⌇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CEILING|⌈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CEILING|⌉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FLOOR|⌊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FLOOR|⌋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CROP|⌌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CROP|⌍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CROP|⌎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CROP|⌏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|231x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED NOT SIGN|⌐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOZENGE|⌑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARC|⌒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENT|⌓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR|⌔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECORDER|⌕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSITION INDICATOR|⌖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIEWDATA SQUARE|⌗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|⌘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NOT SIGN|⌙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATCH|⌚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS|⌛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CORNER|⌜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CORNER|⌝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CORNER|⌞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER|⌟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|232x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF INTEGRAL|⌠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|⌡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWN|⌢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILE|⌣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL BARS|⌤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTION KEY|⌥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE RIGHT|⌦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|X IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⌧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD|⌨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE LEFT|⌫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING|⌬}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYLINDRICITY|⌭}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL AROUND-PROFILE|⌮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMMETRY|⌯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|233x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTAL RUNOUT|⌰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIMENSION ORIGIN|⌱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONICAL TAPER|⌲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPE|⌳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERBORE|⌴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERSINK|⌵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL I-BEAM|⌶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SQUISH QUAD|⌷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD EQUAL|⌸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIVIDE|⌹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIAMOND|⌺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD JOT|⌻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD CIRCLE|⌼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STILE|⌽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE JOT|⌾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SLASH BAR|⌿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|234x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL BACKSLASH BAR|⍀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD SLASH|⍁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD BACKSLASH|⍂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LESS-THAN|⍃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD GREATER-THAN|⍄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFTWARDS VANE|⍅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RIGHTWARDS VANE|⍆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LEFTWARDS ARROW|⍇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⍈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE BACKSLASH|⍉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK UNDERBAR|⍊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA STILE|⍋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWN CARET|⍌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DELTA|⍍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK JOT|⍎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UPWARDS VANE|⍏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|235x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UPWARDS ARROW|⍐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK OVERBAR|⍑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL STILE|⍒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UP CARET|⍓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DEL|⍔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK JOT|⍕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWNWARDS VANE|⍖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWNWARDS ARROW|⍗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE UNDERBAR|⍘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA UNDERBAR|⍙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DIAMOND UNDERBAR|⍚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT UNDERBAR|⍛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE UNDERBAR|⍜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT|⍝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE QUAD|⍞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STAR|⍟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|236x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON|⍠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK DIAERESIS|⍡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL DIAERESIS|⍢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STAR DIAERESIS|⍣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT DIAERESIS|⍤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE DIAERESIS|⍥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN SHOE STILE|⍦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFT SHOE STILE|⍧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL TILDE DIAERESIS|⍨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL GREATER-THAN DIAERESIS|⍩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL COMMA BAR|⍪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL TILDE|⍫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ZILDE|⍬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STILE TILDE|⍭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SEMICOLON UNDERBAR|⍮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD NOT EQUAL|⍯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|237x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD QUESTION|⍰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE|⍱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP CARET TILDE|⍲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA|⍳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO|⍴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA|⍵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR|⍶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL EPSILON UNDERBAR|⍷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR|⍸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR|⍹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA|⍺}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT CHECK MARK|⍻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|⍼}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOULDERED OPEN BOX|⍽}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL SYMBOL|⍾}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT|⍿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|238x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSERTION SYMBOL|⎀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPHASIS SYMBOL|⎃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPOSITION SYMBOL|⎄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE|⎅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENTER SYMBOL|⎆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL|⎇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELM SYMBOL|⎈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH|⎉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN|⎊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW|⎋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDO SYMBOL|⎌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOSTABLE SYMBOL|⎍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYSTERESIS SYMBOL|⎎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL|⎏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff|239x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL|⎐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO|⎓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL|⎔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD|⎕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL|⎖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PREVIOUS PAGE|⎗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEXT PAGE|⎘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL|⎙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL|⎚}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎛}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎜}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎝}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎞}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff|23Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY BRACKET EXTENSION|⎪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL EXTENSION|⎮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE EXTENSION|⎯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|23Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT OR LOWER RIGHT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT OR LOWER LEFT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION TOP|⎲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION BOTTOM|⎳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET|⎵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET OVER TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADICAL SYMBOL BOTTOM|⎷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-1|⎺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-3|⎻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-7|⎼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-9|⎽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP RIGHT|⎾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM RIGHT|⎿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH CIRCLE|⏀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND WAVE|⏆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|⏉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|⏊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP LEFT|⏋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM LEFT|⏌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOOT|⏍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN SYMBOL|⏎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EJECT SYMBOL|⏏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Dx
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE EXTENSION|⏐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL BREVE|⏑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER SHORT|⏒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL SHORT OVER LONG|⏓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER TWO SHORTS|⏔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS OVER LONG|⏕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS JOINED|⏖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TRISEME|⏗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TETRASEME|⏘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL PENTASEME|⏙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GROUND|⏚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUSE|⏛}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP PARENTHESIS|⏜}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM PARENTHESIS|⏝}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP CURLY BRACKET|⏞}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM CURLY BRACKET|⏟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRAPEZIUM|⏢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING WITH CIRCLE|⏣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHTNESS|⏤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATNESS|⏥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AC CURRENT|⏦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRICAL INTERSECTION|⏧}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL|⏨}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏩}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏪}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏫}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏬}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏭}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏮}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Fx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM CLOCK|⏰}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOPWATCH|⏱}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMER CLOCK|⏲}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS WITH FLOWING SAND|⏳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE FOR STOP|⏹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD|⏺}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SYMBOL|⏻}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON-OFF SYMBOL|⏼}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON SYMBOL|⏽}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SLEEP SYMBOL|⏾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OBSERVER EYE SYMBOL|⏿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Control Pictures'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|240x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NULL|␀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING|␁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT|␂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT|␃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION|␄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY|␅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE|␆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BELL|␇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE|␈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION|␉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED|␊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION|␋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED|␌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN|␍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT|␎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN|␏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|241x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE|␐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE|␑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO|␒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE|␓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|␔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|␕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|␖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|␗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CANCEL|␘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM|␙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE|␚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE|␛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR|␜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR|␝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR|␞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR|␟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|242x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SPACE|␠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE|␡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLANK SYMBOL|␢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOX|␣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE|␤}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO|␥}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO|␦}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKERBOARD FORM|␧}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKERBOARD FORM|␨}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM|␩}}|| || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|243x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Optical Character Recognition'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|244x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR HOOK|⑀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CHAIR|⑁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR FORK|⑂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR INVERTED FORK|⑃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BELT BUCKLE|⑄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BOW TIE|⑅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION|⑆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK|⑇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR ON US SYMBOL|⑈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR DASH SYMBOL|⑉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH|⑊}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|245x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|246x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|①}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|②}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|③}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|④}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⑤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⑥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⑦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⑧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⑨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⑩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⑫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⑬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⑭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⑮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⑯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|247x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⑰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⑱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⑲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⑳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE|⑴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO|⑵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE|⑶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR|⑷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE|⑸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX|⑹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN|⑺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT|⑻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE|⑼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN|⑽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE|⑿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|248x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⒀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⒁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⒂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⒃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⒄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⒅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN|⒆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY|⒇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE FULL STOP|⒈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO FULL STOP|⒉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE FULL STOP|⒊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP|⒋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP|⒌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX FULL STOP|⒍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP|⒎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP|⒏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|249x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE FULL STOP|⒐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN FULL STOP|⒑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP|⒒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP|⒓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP|⒔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP|⒕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP|⒖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP|⒗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP|⒘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP|⒙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP|⒚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP|⒛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|⒜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|⒝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|⒞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|⒟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|⒠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|⒡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|⒢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|⒣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|⒤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|⒥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|⒦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|⒧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|⒨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|⒩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|⒪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|⒫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|⒬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|⒭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|⒮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|⒯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|⒰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|⒱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|⒲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⒳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⒴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|⒵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|Ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|Ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|Ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|Ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|Ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|Ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|Ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|Ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|Ⓙ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|Ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|Ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|Ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|Ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|Ⓟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|Ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|Ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|Ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|Ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|Ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|Ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|Ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|Ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|Ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|Ⓩ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|ⓙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|ⓟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|ⓩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓪}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⓫}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⓬}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⓭}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⓮}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⓯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⓰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⓱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⓲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⓳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⓴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|⓵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|⓶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|⓷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|⓸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⓹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⓺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⓻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⓼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⓽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⓾}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Box Drawing'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|250x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|─}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL|━}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|│}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL|┃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|┌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT|┏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|251x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|┐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT|┓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|└}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT|┗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|┘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT|┛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|├}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|252x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT|┣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|┤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND LEFT|┫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|253x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|┴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL|┻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|┼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT|┽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT|┾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|254x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|╃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|╄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|╅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|╆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY|╉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT VERTICAL HEAVY|╊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|255x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|═}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|║}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|╔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|╗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|╚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|╝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|256x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|╠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|╣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|╦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|╩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT|╭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT|╮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT|╯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|257x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT|╰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|╱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|╲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS|╳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT|╴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP|╵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT|╶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN|╷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT|╸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP|╹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY RIGHT|╺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN|╻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT|╼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN|╽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT AND LIGHT RIGHT|╾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LIGHT DOWN|╿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Block Elements'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|258x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK|▀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF BLOCK|▄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL BLOCK|█}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLOCK|▌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|259x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLOCK|▐}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SHADE|░}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SHADE|▒}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SHADE|▓}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▔}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER LEFT|▖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER RIGHT|▗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT|▘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER RIGHT|▜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT|▝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE|■}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE|□}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|▢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL FILL|▤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH VERTICAL FILL|▥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|▧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|▨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL SQUARE|▫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RECTANGLE|▬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RECTANGLE|▭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PARALLELOGRAM|▰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PARALLELOGRAM|▱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|▲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|△}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|►}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|▻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND|◆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND|◇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|◈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHEYE|◉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE|◊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE|○}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CIRCLE|◌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH VERTICAL FILL|◍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLSEYE|◎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE|●}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LOWER HALF BLACK|◒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER HALF BLACK|◓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT BLACK|◔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH ALL BUT UPPER LEFT QUADRANT BLACK|◕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BULLET|◘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF CIRCLE|◠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF CIRCLE|◡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE BULLET|◦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH VERTICAL BISECTING LINE|◫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOT|◬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE CIRCLE|◯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◷}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◸}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◹}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◺}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SQUARE|◻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|◼}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◽}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◾}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|260x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SUN WITH RAYS|☀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD|☁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA|☂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN|☃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMET|☄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK STAR|★}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE STAR|☆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING|☇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDERSTORM|☈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN|☉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCENDING NODE|☊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESCENDING NODE|☋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONJUNCTION|☌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPPOSITION|☍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TELEPHONE|☎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TELEPHONE|☏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|261x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX|☐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH CHECK|☑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH X|☒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALTIRE|☓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA WITH RAIN DROPS|☔}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT BEVERAGE|☕}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SHOGI PIECE|☖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SHOGI PIECE|☗}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAMROCK|☘}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|☙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|☚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|☜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|☝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|☟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|262x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL AND CROSSBONES|☠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUTION SIGN|☡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIOACTIVE SIGN|☢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIOHAZARD SIGN|☣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADUCEUS|☤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANKH|☥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHODOX CROSS|☦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHI RHO|☧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF LORRAINE|☨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF JERUSALEM|☩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR AND CRESCENT|☪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FARSI SYMBOL|☫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADI SHAKTI|☬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND SICKLE|☭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACE SYMBOL|☮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YIN YANG|☯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|263x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN|☰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR LAKE|☱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR FIRE|☲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER|☳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WIND|☴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WATER|☵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN|☶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR EARTH|☷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL OF DHARMA|☸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FROWNING FACE|☹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMILING FACE|☺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMILING FACE|☻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|☼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON|☽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON|☾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERCURY|☿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|264x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMALE SIGN|♀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH|♁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE SIGN|♂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUPITER|♃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATURN|♄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|URANUS|♅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE|♆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO|♇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARIES|♈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAURUS|♉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEMINI|♊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCER|♋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEO|♌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIRGO|♍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIBRA|♎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPIUS|♏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|265x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAGITTARIUS|♐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPRICORN|♑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AQUARIUS|♒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISCES|♓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING|♔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN|♕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK|♖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP|♗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT|♘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN|♙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING|♚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN|♛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK|♜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP|♝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT|♞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN|♟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|266x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SPADE SUIT|♠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART SUIT|♡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND SUIT|♢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CLUB SUIT|♣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SPADE SUIT|♤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART SUIT|♥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|♦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CLUB SUIT|♧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT SPRINGS|♨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUARTER NOTE|♩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHTH NOTE|♪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|♫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES|♬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC FLAT SIGN|♭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC NATURAL SIGN|♮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC SHARP SIGN|♯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|267x
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEST SYRIAC CROSS|♰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAST SYRIAC CROSS|♱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-1 PLASTICS|♳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-2 PLASTICS|♴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-3 PLASTICS|♵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-4 PLASTICS|♶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-5 PLASTICS|♷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-6 PLASTICS|♸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-7 PLASTICS|♹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR GENERIC MATERIALS|♺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIALLY-RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♽}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERMANENT PAPER SIGN|♾}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL|♿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|268x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-1|⚀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-2|⚁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-3|⚂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-4|⚃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-5|⚄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-6|⚅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOT RIGHT|⚆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|⚇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE DOT RIGHT|⚈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH TWO WHITE DOTS|⚉}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YANG|⚊}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YIN|⚋}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YANG|⚌}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YIN|⚍}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YANG|⚎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YIN|⚏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|269x
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG|⚐}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLAG|⚑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND PICK|⚒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANCHOR|⚓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED SWORDS|⚔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF AESCULAPIUS|⚕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCALES|⚖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEMBIC|⚗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER|⚘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR|⚙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF HERMES|⚚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATOM SYMBOL|⚛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEUR-DE-LIS|⚜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED WHITE STAR|⚝}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT|⚞}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING LEFT|⚟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ax
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARNING SIGN|⚠}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN|⚡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED FEMALE SIGN|⚢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED MALE SIGN|⚣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERLOCKED FEMALE AND MALE SIGN|⚤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE AND MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE|⚪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BLACK CIRCLE|⚫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE|⚬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARRIAGE SYMBOL|⚭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVORCE SYMBOL|⚮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNMARRIED PARTNERSHIP SYMBOL|⚯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Bx
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COFFIN|⚰}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNERAL URN|⚱}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTER|⚲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CERES|⚳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALLAS|⚴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUNO|⚵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA|⚶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIRON|⚷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MOON LILITH|⚸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEXTILE|⚹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMISEXTILE|⚺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUINCUNX|⚻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SESQUIQUADRATE|⚼}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCCER BALL|⚽}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASEBALL|⚾}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KEY|⚿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Cx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS MAN|⛀}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS KING|⛁}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS MAN|⛂}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS KING|⛃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN WITHOUT SNOW|⛄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN BEHIND CLOUD|⛅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAIN|⛆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SNOWMAN|⛇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDER CLOUD AND RAIN|⛈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED WHITE SHOGI PIECE|⛉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK SHOGI PIECE|⛊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND IN SQUARE|⛋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSING LANES|⛌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISABLED CAR|⛍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPHIUCHUS|⛎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PICK|⛏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAR SLIDING|⛐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELMET WITH WHITE CROSS|⛑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSSING LANES|⛒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAINS|⛓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY|⛔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATE ONE-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT LANE MERGE|⛘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT LANE MERGE|⛙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRIVE SLOW SIGN|⛚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⛛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CLOSED ENTRY|⛜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SALTIRE|⛝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL IN WHITE CIRCLE IN BLACK SQUARE|⛞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TRUCK|⛟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-1|⛠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-2|⛡}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR URANUS|⛢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH STROKE AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|⛣}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PENTAGRAM|⛤}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛥}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛦}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED PENTAGRAM|⛧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CROSS ON SHIELD|⛨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHINTO SHRINE|⛩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHURCH|⛪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CASTLE|⛫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HISTORIC SITE|⛬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITHOUT HUB|⛭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITH HANDLES|⛮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAP SYMBOL FOR LIGHTHOUSE|⛯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN|⛰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA ON GROUND|⛱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUNTAIN|⛲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAG IN HOLE|⛳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRY|⛴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAILBOAT|⛵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNERS|⛶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKIER|⛷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE SKATE|⛸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BALL|⛹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENT|⛺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE BANK SYMBOL|⛻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE GRAVEYARD SYMBOL|⛼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUEL PUMP|⛽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP ON BLACK SQUARE|⛾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG WITH HORIZONTAL MIDDLE BLACK STRIPE|⛿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Dingbats'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|270x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SAFETY SCISSORS|✀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER BLADE SCISSORS|✁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SCISSORS|✂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER BLADE SCISSORS|✃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SCISSORS|✄}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY CHECK MARK|✅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN|✆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE DRIVE|✇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE|✈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE|✉}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED FIST|✊}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND|✋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORY HAND|✌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRITING HAND|✍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT PENCIL|✎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENCIL|✏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|271x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT PENCIL|✐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE NIB|✑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NIB|✒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECK MARK|✓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHECK MARK|✔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION X|✕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X|✖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT X|✗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BALLOT X|✘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED GREEK CROSS|✙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY GREEK CROSS|✚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CROSS|✝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS|✞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CROSS|✟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|272x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALTESE CROSS|✠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OF DAVID|✡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK|✥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR|✦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR|✧}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLES|✨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR|✩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE STAR|✪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR|✫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR|✬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINWHEEL STAR|✯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|273x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE STAR|✰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ASTERISK|✱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK|✲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|✳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|✴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|✵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|✶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|✹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK|✺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE|✾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLORETTE|✿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|274x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLORETTE|❀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE|❁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR|❂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK|❃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWFLAKE|❄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE|❅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE|❆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLE|❇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SPARKLE|❈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|❉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❋}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS MARK|❌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|❍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED CROSS MARK|❎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|275x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❒}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❓}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X|❖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL|❗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT VERTICAL BAR|❘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR|❙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY VERTICAL BAR|❚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❞}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|276x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT|❡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK HEART|❤}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET|❥}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORAL HEART|❦}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|❧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|277x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❱}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❲}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❳}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❴}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|❶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|❷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|❸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|❹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|❺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|❻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|❼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|❽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|❾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|❿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|278x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|279x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY PLUS SIGN|➕}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MINUS SIGN|➖}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DIVISION SIGN|➗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW|➘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW|➚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Bx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOOP|➰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➾}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CURLY LOOP|➿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANGLE|⟀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRIANGLE CONTAINING SMALL WHITE TRIANGLE|⟁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR|⟂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUBSET|⟃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUPERSET|⟄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟆}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OR WITH DOT INSIDE|⟇}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET|⟈}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET PRECEDING SOLIDUS|⟉}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⟊}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RISING DIAGONAL|⟋}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DIVISION|⟌}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FALLING DIAGONAL|⟍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL AND|⟎}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL OR|⟏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND WITH CENTRED DOT|⟐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AND WITH DOT|⟑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING UPWARDS|⟒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT CORNER WITH DOT|⟓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT CORNER WITH DOT|⟔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT OUTER JOIN|⟕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OUTER JOIN|⟖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL OUTER JOIN|⟗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE UP TACK|⟘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE DOWN TACK|⟙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT DOUBLE TURNSTILE|⟚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TACK|⟛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT MULTIMAP|⟜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHT TACK|⟝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT TACK|⟞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⟟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE|⟠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND|⟡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|⟨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|⟩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟫}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟬}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟭}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟮}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟯}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⟴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|⟵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⟶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW|⟷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⟺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⟿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Braille Patterns'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|280x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK|⠀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1|⠁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2|⠂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12|⠃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3|⠄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13|⠅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23|⠆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123|⠇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4|⠈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14|⠉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24|⠊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124|⠋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34|⠌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134|⠍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234|⠎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234|⠏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|281x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5|⠐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15|⠑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25|⠒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125|⠓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35|⠔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135|⠕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235|⠖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235|⠗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45|⠘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145|⠙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245|⠚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245|⠛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345|⠜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345|⠝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345|⠞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345|⠟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|282x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6|⠠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16|⠡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26|⠢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126|⠣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36|⠤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136|⠥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236|⠦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236|⠧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46|⠨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146|⠩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246|⠪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246|⠫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346|⠬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346|⠭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346|⠮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346|⠯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|283x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56|⠰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156|⠱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256|⠲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256|⠳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356|⠴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356|⠵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356|⠶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356|⠷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456|⠸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456|⠹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456|⠺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456|⠻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456|⠼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456|⠽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456|⠾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456|⠿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|284x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7|⡀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17|⡁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27|⡂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127|⡃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37|⡄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137|⡅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237|⡆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237|⡇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47|⡈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147|⡉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247|⡊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247|⡋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347|⡌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347|⡍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347|⡎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347|⡏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|285x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57|⡐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157|⡑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257|⡒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257|⡓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357|⡔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357|⡕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357|⡖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357|⡗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457|⡘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457|⡙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457|⡚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457|⡛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457|⡜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457|⡝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457|⡞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457|⡟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|286x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67|⡠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167|⡡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267|⡢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267|⡣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367|⡤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367|⡥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367|⡦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367|⡧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467|⡨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467|⡩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467|⡪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467|⡫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467|⡬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467|⡭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467|⡮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467|⡯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|287x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567|⡰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567|⡱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567|⡲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567|⡳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567|⡴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567|⡵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567|⡶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567|⡷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567|⡸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567|⡹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567|⡺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567|⡻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567|⡼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567|⡽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567|⡾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567|⡿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|288x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8|⢀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18|⢁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28|⢂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128|⢃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38|⢄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138|⢅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238|⢆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238|⢇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48|⢈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148|⢉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248|⢊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248|⢋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348|⢌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348|⢍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348|⢎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348|⢏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|289x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58|⢐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158|⢑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258|⢒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258|⢓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358|⢔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358|⢕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358|⢖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358|⢗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458|⢘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458|⢙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458|⢚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458|⢛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458|⢜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458|⢝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458|⢞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458|⢟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68|⢠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168|⢡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268|⢢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268|⢣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368|⢤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368|⢥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368|⢦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368|⢧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468|⢨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468|⢩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468|⢪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468|⢫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468|⢬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468|⢭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468|⢮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468|⢯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568|⢰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568|⢱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568|⢲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568|⢳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568|⢴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568|⢵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568|⢶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568|⢷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568|⢸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568|⢹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568|⢺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568|⢻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568|⢼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568|⢽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568|⢾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568|⢿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78|⣀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178|⣁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278|⣂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278|⣃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378|⣄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378|⣅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378|⣆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378|⣇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478|⣈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478|⣉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478|⣊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478|⣋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478|⣌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478|⣍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478|⣎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478|⣏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578|⣐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578|⣑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578|⣒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578|⣓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578|⣔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578|⣕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578|⣖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578|⣗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578|⣘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578|⣙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578|⣚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578|⣛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578|⣜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578|⣝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578|⣞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578|⣟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678|⣠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678|⣡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678|⣢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678|⣣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678|⣤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678|⣥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678|⣦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678|⣧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678|⣨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678|⣩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678|⣪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678|⣫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678|⣬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678|⣭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678|⣮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678|⣯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678|⣰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678|⣱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678|⣲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678|⣳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678|⣴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678|⣵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678|⣶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678|⣷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678|⣸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678|⣹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678|⣺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678|⣻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678|⣼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678|⣽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678|⣾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678|⣿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|290x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⤅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|291x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⤑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⤖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|292x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH EAST ARROW|⤧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH WEST ARROW|⤪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING FALLING DIAGONAL|⤫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING RISING DIAGONAL|⤬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|293x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH WEST ARROW|⤱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT|⤳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING UPWARDS|⤴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING DOWNWARDS|⤵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING LEFTWARDS|⤶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHTWARDS|⤷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SIDE ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SIDE ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW WITH MINUS|⤼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW WITH PLUS|⤽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SEMICIRCULAR CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT SEMICIRCULAR ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|294x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⥇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW THROUGH SMALL CIRCLE|⥈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM SMALL CIRCLE|⥉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|295x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|296x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|297x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH ROUNDED HEAD|⥰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⥵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH LESS-THAN|⥷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUBSET|⥺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FISH TAIL|⥼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FISH TAIL|⥽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP FISH TAIL|⥾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN FISH TAIL|⥿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|298x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR DELIMITER|⦀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SPOT|⦁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION TYPE COLON|⦂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET|⦇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET|⦈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET|⦉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT BINDING BRACKET|⦊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|299x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LEFT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED FENCE|⦙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ZIGZAG LINE|⦚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE VARIANT WITH SQUARE|⦜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOT|⦝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH S INSIDE|⦞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ANGLE|⦟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING UP|⦡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED ANGLE|⦢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE|⦣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING UP|⦦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING DOWN|⦧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND RIGHT|⦨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND LEFT|⦩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT|⦪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND LEFT|⦫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND UP|⦬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND UP|⦭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND DOWN|⦮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND DOWN|⦯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED EMPTY SET|⦰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH OVERBAR|⦱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⦲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|⦳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH LEFT ARROW ABOVE|⦴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⦵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED VERTICAL BAR|⦶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PARALLEL|⦷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED REVERSE SOLIDUS|⦸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERPENDICULAR|⦹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL BAR AND TOP HALF DIVIDED BY VERTICAL BAR|⦺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SUPERIMPOSED X|⦻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE-ROTATED DIVISION SIGN|⦼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROW THROUGH CIRCLE|⦽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE BULLET|⦾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BULLET|⦿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LESS-THAN|⧀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED GREATER-THAN|⧁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SMALL CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT|⧂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES TO THE RIGHT|⧃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED RISING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FALLING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ASTERISK|⧆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SMALL CIRCLE|⧇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SQUARE|⧈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO JOINED SQUARES|⧉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH DOT ABOVE|⧊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⧋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|S IN TRIANGLE|⧌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH SERIFS AT BOTTOM|⧍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE ABOVE LEFT TRIANGLE|⧎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGLE BESIDE VERTICAL BAR|⧏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR BESIDE RIGHT TRIANGLE|⧐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK BOWTIE|⧓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HOURGLASS|⧖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HOURGLASS|⧗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WIGGLY FENCE|⧘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE|⧙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMPLETE INFINITY|⧜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIE OVER INFINITY|⧝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY NEGATED WITH VERTICAL BAR|⧞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-ENDED MULTIMAP|⧟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH CONTOURED OUTLINE|⧠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASES AS|⧡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHUFFLE PRODUCT|⧢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL WITH TILDE ABOVE|⧤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLEICH STARK|⧦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMODYNAMIC|⧧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND WITH DOWN ARROW|⧪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOZENGE|⧫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE SQUARE|⧮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK SQUARE|⧯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|29Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE DIAMOND|⧰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK DIAMOND|⧱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE CIRCLE|⧲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK CIRCLE|⧳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RULE-DELAYED|⧴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⧵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLIDUS WITH OVERBAR|⧶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⧷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG SOLIDUS|⧸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG REVERSE SOLIDUS|⧹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PLUS|⧺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PLUS|⧻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY|⧾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINY|⧿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⨀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED PLUS OPERATOR|⨁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED TIMES OPERATOR|⨂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH DOT|⨃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH PLUS|⨄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE INTERSECTION OPERATOR|⨅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE UNION OPERATOR|⨆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL AND OPERATOR|⨇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL OR OPERATOR|⨈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR|⨉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODULO TWO SUM|⨊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION WITH INTEGRAL|⨋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FINITE PART INTEGRAL|⨍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⨎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AVERAGE WITH SLASH|⨏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCULATION FUNCTION|⨐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE INTEGRATION|⨑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH RECTANGULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH SEMICIRCULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION NOT INCLUDING THE POLE|⨔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AROUND A POINT OPERATOR|⨕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUATERNION INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|⨗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH TIMES SIGN|⨘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH INTERSECTION|⨙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNION|⨚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH OVERBAR|⨛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNDERBAR|⨜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOIN|⨝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE LEFT TRIANGLE OPERATOR|⨞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA COMPOSITION|⨟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PIPING|⨠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PROJECTION|⨡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⨢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ABOVE|⨣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE ABOVE|⨤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE BELOW|⨦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SUBSCRIPT TWO|⨧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH BLACK TRIANGLE|⨨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH COMMA ABOVE|⨩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH FALLING DOTS|⨫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH RISING DOTS|⨬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT|⨯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE|⨰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR|⨱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT WITH BOTTOM CLOSED|⨲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMASH PRODUCT|⨳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⨶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|⨷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SIGN|⨸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTHAND INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RELATIONAL COMPOSITION|⨾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMALGAMATION OR COPRODUCT|⨿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH DOT|⩀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH MINUS SIGN|⩁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH OVERBAR|⩂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH OVERBAR|⩃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH LOGICAL AND|⩄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH LOGICAL OR|⩅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE UNION|⩇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE BAR ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE BAR ABOVE UNION|⩉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH UNION|⩊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH INTERSECTION|⩋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS|⩌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED INTERSECTION WITH SERIFS|⩍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE INTERSECTION|⩎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE UNION|⩏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS AND SMASH PRODUCT|⩐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOT ABOVE|⩑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL AND|⩓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL OR|⩔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL AND|⩕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL OR|⩖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE OR|⩗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE AND|⩘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR OVERLAPPING LOGICAL AND|⩙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH UNDERBAR|⩟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL VEE WITH UNDERBAR|⩡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION DOMAIN ANTIRESTRICTION|⩤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RANGE ANTIRESTRICTION|⩥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⩦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL WITH DOT ABOVE|⩧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH TRIPLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH RISING DOTS|⩫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR MINUS SIMILAR|⩬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONGRUENT WITH DOT ABOVE|⩭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS WITH ASTERISK|⩮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⩯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|⩰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE PLUS SIGN|⩱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⩲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⩳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE COLON EQUAL|⩴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE AND TWO DOTS BELOW|⩷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|⩸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⩿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⪀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE RIGHT|⪃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE LEFT|⪄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN|⪝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR GREATER-THAN|⪞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⪡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⪢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN WITH UNDERBAR|⪣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVERLAPPING LESS-THAN|⪤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BESIDE LESS-THAN|⪥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN|⪪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN|⪫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH BUMPY ABOVE|⪮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRECEDES|⪻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUCCEEDS|⪼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH DOT|⪽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH DOT|⪾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⪿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⫀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET|⫏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET|⫐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO|⫑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO|⫒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE SUBSET|⫗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE AND JOINED BY DASH WITH SUBSET|⫘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING DOWNWARDS|⫙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK WITH TEE TOP|⫚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSVERSAL INTERSECTION|⫛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKING|⫝̸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NONFORKING|⫝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT LEFT TACK|⫞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK|⫟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK|⫠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR WITH S|⫡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR TRIPLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⫢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE|⫣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DASH FROM LEFT MEMBER OF DOUBLE VERTICAL|⫦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK WITH OVERBAR|⫧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK WITH UNDERBAR|⫨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK ABOVE SHORT DOWN TACK|⫩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DOWN TACK|⫪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UP TACK|⫫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE WITH REVERSED NEGATION SLASH|⫮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⫯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH TILDE OPERATOR|⫳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR BINARY RELATION|⫴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR|⫶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⫷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⫸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SOLIDUS BINARY RELATION|⫻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR OPERATOR|⫼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⫽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WHITE ARROW|⬄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT BLACK ARROW|⬌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN BLACK ARROW|⬍}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬎}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B1x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬐}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬑}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬒}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⬖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⬗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SQUARE|⬚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE SQUARE|⬛}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LARGE SQUARE|⬜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENTAGON|⬟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B2x
|style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENTAGON|⬠}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEXAGON|⬡}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEXAGON|⬢}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK HEXAGON|⬣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE|⬤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|⬩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|⬪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL LOZENGE|⬫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⬰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LEFTWARDS ARROWS|⬱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⬲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⬳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⬶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⬷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⬸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⬻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⬾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY LEFT|⬿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH GREATER-THAN|⭃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUPERSET|⭄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⭇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭌}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ZIGZAG ARROW|⭍}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT SLANTED NORTH ARROW|⭎}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW|⭏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B5x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM STAR|⭐}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL STAR|⭑}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL STAR|⭒}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭓}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭔}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE|⭕}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OVAL WITH OVAL INSIDE|⭖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⭗}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE|⭘}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLED SALTIRE|⭙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HOOKED HEAD|⭚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HOOKED TAIL|⭛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭳}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TAB KEY|⭾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TAB KEY|⭿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED BOTTOM U-SHAPED ARROW|⮍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED LEFT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED TOP U-SHAPED ARROW|⮏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN LEFT|⮐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN RIGHT|⮑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE LEFT|⮒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE RIGHT|⮓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CORNER ARROWS CIRCLING ANTICLOCKWISE|⮔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⮕}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY ABOVE|⮖}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR TYPE A ELECTRONICS|⮗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D RIGHT-LIGHTED UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D LEFT-LIGHTED DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN LEFT|⮰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT|⮱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP LEFT|⮲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT|⮳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT UP|⮴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT UP|⮵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT DOWN|⮶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT DOWN|⮷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⮸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⮹}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE SQUARES|⮺}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE AND BLACK SQUARES|⮻}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING BLACK SQUARES|⮼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH LIGHT X|⮽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED X|⮾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOLD X|⮿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE CENTRED|⯀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND CENTRED|⯁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK PENTAGON|⯂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK OCTAGON|⯃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK OCTAGON|⯄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯈}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE FORM TWO|⯉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BDx
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POSITION INDICATOR|⯐}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNCERTAINTY SIGN|⯑}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GROUP MARK|⯒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM TWO|⯓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM THREE|⯔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FOUR|⯕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FIVE|⯖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPLUTO|⯗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROSERPINA|⯘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA|⯙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA|⯚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOLUS|⯛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NESSUS|⯜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MOON SELENA|⯝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND ON CROSS|⯞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE LIGHT MOON ARTA|⯟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPIDO|⯠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HADES|⯡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEUS|⯢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KRONOS|⯣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOLLON|⯤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMETOS|⯥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULCANUS|⯦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSEIDON|⯧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK STAR|⯨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK STAR|⯩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⯪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⯫}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯬}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯭}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯮}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM ONE|⯰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM TWO|⯱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEDNA|⯲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL VIGINTILE|⯳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL NOVILE|⯴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL QUINTILE|⯵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL BINOVILE|⯶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL SENTAGON|⯷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL TREDECILE|⯸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY BELOW|⯹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNITED SYMBOL|⯺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED SYMBOL|⯻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED SYMBOL|⯼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSED SYMBOL|⯽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RIGHT ANGLE|⯾}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HELLSCHREIBER PAUSE SYMBOL|⯿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU|Ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY|Ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE|Ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI|Ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO|Ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU|Ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE|Ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|Ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA|Ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE|Ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|Ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI|Ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO|Ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE|Ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE|Ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI|Ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU|Ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI|Ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI|Ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO|Ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO|Ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU|Ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU|Ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU|Ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU|Ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|Ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA|Ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI|Ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI|Ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|Ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|Ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI|Ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI|Ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA|Ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|Ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS|Ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|Ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO|Ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|Ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|Ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|Ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|Ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|Ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC|Ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|Ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|Ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|Ⱟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU|ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY|ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE|ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI|ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO|ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU|ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE|ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA|ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE|ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I|ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI|ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO|ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE|ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE|ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI|ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU|ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI|ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI|ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO|ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO|ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU|ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU|ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU|ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU|ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE|ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA|ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI|ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI|ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA|ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU|ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI|ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI|ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA|ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU|ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS|ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO|ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA|ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC|ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|ⱟ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-C'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|Ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|Ɫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE|Ᵽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TAIL|Ɽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE|ⱥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|ⱦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|Ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|Ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|Ⱬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|ⱬ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|Ɑ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH HOOK|Ɱ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A|Ɐ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C7x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|Ɒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK|ⱱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH HOOK|Ⱳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH HOOK|ⱳ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH CURL|ⱴ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HALF H|Ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF H|ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI|ⱷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH NOTCH|ⱸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH TAIL|ⱹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE|ⱺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E|ⱻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER J|ⱼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL V|ⱽ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|Ȿ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|Ɀ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Coptic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA|Ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA|ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA|Ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA|ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|Ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA|ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA|Ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA|ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE|Ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE|ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU|Ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU|ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA|Ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA|ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE|Ⲏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE|ⲏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE|Ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE|ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA|Ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA|ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA|Ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA|ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA|Ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA|ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI|Ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI|ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI|Ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI|ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|Ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI|ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⲟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER O|ⲟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI|Ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI|ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO|Ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO|ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA|Ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA|ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU|Ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU|ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA|Ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA|ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI|Ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI|ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI|Ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI|ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|Ⲯ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI|ⲯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU|Ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU|ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|Ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|Ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|Ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|Ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|Ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|Ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|Ⲿ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|ⲿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI|Ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI|ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|Ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|Ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|Ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|Ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|Ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|Ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|Ⳏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|ⳏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|Ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|Ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|Ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|Ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|Ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|Ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|Ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|Ⳟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|ⳟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|Ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|Ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KAI|ⳤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO|⳥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO|⳦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS|⳧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO|⳨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO|⳩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA|⳪}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|Ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|Ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE| ⳯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CFx
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER| ⳰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS| ⳱}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|Ⳳ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|ⳳ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP|⳹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER|⳼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF|⳽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FULL STOP|⳾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER|⳿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AN|ⴀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER BAN|ⴁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GAN|ⴂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER DON|ⴃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER EN|ⴄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER VIN|ⴅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZEN|ⴆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAN|ⴇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER IN|ⴈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KAN|ⴉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER LAS|ⴊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER MAN|ⴋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER NAR|ⴌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ON|ⴍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PAR|ⴎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZHAR|ⴏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER RAE|ⴐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SAN|ⴑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAR|ⴒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER UN|ⴓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PHAR|ⴔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KHAR|ⴕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN|ⴖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER QAR|ⴗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SHIN|ⴘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHIN|ⴙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CAN|ⴚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JIL|ⴛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CIL|ⴜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHAR|ⴝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER XAN|ⴞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JHAN|ⴟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D2x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAE|ⴠ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HE|ⴡ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HIE|ⴢ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER WE|ⴣ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAR|ⴤ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HOE|ⴥ}}|| ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER YN|ⴧ}}|| || || || || ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AEN|ⴭ}}|| ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tifinagh'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YA|ⴰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAB|ⴱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YABH|ⴲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAG|ⴳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH|ⴴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ|ⴵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ|ⴶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAD|ⴷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADH|ⴸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADD|ⴹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH|ⴺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YEY|ⴻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAF|ⴼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAK|ⴽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK|ⴾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH|ⴿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAH|ⵀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH|ⵁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH|ⵂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH|ⵃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAA|ⵄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH|ⵅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH|ⵆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ|ⵇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ|ⵈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YI|ⵉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH|ⵊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH|ⵋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH|ⵌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAL|ⵍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAM|ⵎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAN|ⵏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN|ⵐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG|ⵑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAP|ⵒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YU|ⵓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAR|ⵔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YARR|ⵕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH|ⵖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH|ⵗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH|ⵘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAS|ⵙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASS|ⵚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASH|ⵛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAT|ⵜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATH|ⵝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YACH|ⵞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATT|ⵟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAV|ⵠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAW|ⵡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAY|ⵢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ|ⵣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ|ⵤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ|ⵥ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YE|ⵦ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YO|ⵧ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK|ⵯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D7x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK|⵰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER| ⵿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LOA|ⶀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MOA|ⶁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ROA|ⶂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SOA|ⶃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHOA|ⶄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BOA|ⶅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TOA|ⶆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE COA|ⶇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NOA|ⶈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYOA|ⶉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL OA|ⶊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZOA|ⶋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DOA|ⶌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDOA|ⶍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JOA|ⶎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THOA|ⶏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D9x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHOA|ⶐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHOA|ⶑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE POA|ⶒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWA|ⶓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWI|ⶔ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWEE|ⶕ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWE|ⶖ}}|| || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSA|ⶠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSU|ⶡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSI|ⶢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSAA|ⶣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSEE|ⶤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSE|ⶥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSO|ⶦ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCA|ⶨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCU|ⶩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCI|ⶪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCAA|ⶫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCEE|ⶬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCE|ⶭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCO|ⶮ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZA|ⶰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZU|ⶱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZI|ⶲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZAA|ⶳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZEE|ⶴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZE|ⶵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZO|ⶶ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHA|ⶸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHU|ⶹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHI|ⶺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHAA|ⶻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHEE|ⶼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHE|ⶽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHO|ⶾ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYA|ⷀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYU|ⷁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYI|ⷂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYAA|ⷃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYEE|ⷄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYE|ⷅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYO|ⷆ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYA|ⷈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYU|ⷉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYI|ⷊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYAA|ⷋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYEE|ⷌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYE|ⷍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYO|ⷎ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYA|ⷐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYU|ⷑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYI|ⷒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYAA|ⷓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYEE|ⷔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYE|ⷕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYO|ⷖ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYA|ⷘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYU|ⷙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYI|ⷚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYAA|ⷛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYEE|ⷜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYE|ⷝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYO|ⷞ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BE| ⷠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER VE| ⷡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER GHE| ⷢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DE| ⷣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZHE| ⷤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZE| ⷥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER KA| ⷦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EL| ⷧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EM| ⷨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EN| ⷩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O| ⷪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER PE| ⷫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ER| ⷬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES| ⷭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TE| ⷮ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HA| ⷯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TSE| ⷰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER CHE| ⷱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHA| ⷲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHCHA| ⷳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER FITA| ⷴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES-TE| ⷵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER A| ⷶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IE| ⷷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DJERV| ⷸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER MONOGRAPH UK| ⷹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YAT| ⷺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YU| ⷻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A| ⷼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER LITTLE YUS| ⷽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BIG YUS| ⷾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS| ⷿ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE DOTTED SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOTTED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED TRANSPOSITION MARKER|⸈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SQUARE|⸋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EDITORIAL CORONIS|⸎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHOS| ⸏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPODIASTOLE|⸒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED OBELOS|⸓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ANCORA|⸔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ANCORA|⸕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE|⸖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⸗}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED INTERROBANG|⸘}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM BRANCH|⸙}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS|⸚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH RING ABOVE|⸛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE|⸞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT BELOW|⸟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|⸪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|⸫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⸬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT MARK|⸭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED QUESTION MARK|⸮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TILDE|ⸯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E3x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING POINT|⸰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT|⸱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED COMMA|⸲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOT|⸳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED COMMA|⸴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SEMICOLON|⸵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH LEFT GUARD|⸶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH RIGHT GUARD|⸷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DAGGER|⸸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF SECTION SIGN|⸹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-EM DASH|⸺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-EM DASH|⸻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|⸼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL SIX DOTS|⸽}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY VERTICAL LINE|⸾}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPITULUM|⸿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E4x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HYPHEN|⹀}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED COMMA|⹁}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|⹂}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH WITH LEFT UPTURN|⹃}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUSPENSION MARK|⹄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA|⹅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA WITH KAVYKA ABOVE|⹆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA|⹇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA WITH DOT|⹈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STACKED COMMA|⹉}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SOLIDUS|⹊}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE DAGGER|⹋}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL COMMA|⹌}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHUS MARK|⹍}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUS ELEVATUS MARK|⹎}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORNISH VERSE DIVIDER|⹏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E5x
|style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH RIGHT CROSSBAR|⹐}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|⹑}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN CAPITAL ET|⹒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL EXCLAMATION MARK|⹓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL QUESTION MARK|⹔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⹝}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E6x
|style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹠}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹡}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹢}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹣}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Radicals Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL REPEAT|⺀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLIFF|⺁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND ONE|⺂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND TWO|⺃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE|⺄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PERSON|⺅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOX|⺆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TABLE|⺇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE|⺈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE TWO|⺉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DIVINATION|⺊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SEAL|⺋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE|⺌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL TWO|⺍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME ONE|⺎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME TWO|⺏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME THREE|⺐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME FOUR|⺑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNAKE|⺒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL THREAD|⺓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT ONE|⺔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT TWO|⺕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART ONE|⺖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART TWO|⺗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HAND|⺘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAP|⺙}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CHOKE|⺛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SUN|⺜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOON|⺝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DEATH|⺞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOTHER|⺟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN|⺠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER ONE|⺡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER TWO|⺢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FIRE|⺣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW ONE|⺤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW TWO|⺥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HALF TREE TRUNK|⺦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL COW|⺧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DOG|⺨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL JADE|⺩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⺪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EYE|⺫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT ONE|⺬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT TWO|⺭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BAMBOO|⺮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SILK|⺯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SILK|⺰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET ONE|⺱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET TWO|⺲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET THREE|⺳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET FOUR|⺴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MESH|⺵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SHEEP|⺶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAM|⺷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EWE|⺸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL OLD|⺹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE|⺺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO|⺻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MEAT|⺼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MORTAR|⺽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE|⺾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO|⺿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE|⻀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TIGER|⻁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLOTHES|⻂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST ONE|⻃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST TWO|⻄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE|⻅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN|⻆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HORN|⻇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH|⻈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL|⻉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FOOT|⻊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART|⻋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK|⻌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK ONE|⻍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK TWO|⻎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CITY|⻏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD|⻐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG ONE|⻑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG TWO|⻒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG|⻓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE|⻔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE|⻕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO|⻖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAIN|⻗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BLUE|⻘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER|⻙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF|⻚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND|⻛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY|⻜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT ONE|⻝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT TWO|⻞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT THREE|⻟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT|⻠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEAD|⻡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE|⻢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BONE|⻣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GHOST|⻤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH|⻥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD|⻦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT|⻧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT|⻨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW|⻩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG|⻪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EFx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TURTLE|⻱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻳}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kangxi Radicals'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONE|⼀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LINE|⼁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOT|⼂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLASH|⼃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SECOND|⼄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HOOK|⼅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO|⼆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LID|⼇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MAN|⼈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEGS|⼉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENTER|⼊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT|⼋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX|⼌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COVER|⼍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ICE|⼎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TABLE|⼏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX|⼐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE|⼑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL POWER|⼒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRAP|⼓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPOON|⼔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX|⼕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE|⼖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TEN|⼗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION|⼘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEAL|⼙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF|⼚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE|⼛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN|⼜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH|⼝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE|⼞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EARTH|⼟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR|⼠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO|⼡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY|⼢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVENING|⼣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIG|⼤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN|⼥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CHILD|⼦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ROOF|⼧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INCH|⼨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SMALL|⼩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LAME|⼪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE|⼫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT|⼬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN|⼭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIVER|⼮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WORK|⼯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF|⼰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN|⼱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRY|⼲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD|⼳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF|⼴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE|⼵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS|⼶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT|⼷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOW|⼸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT|⼹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE|⼺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEP|⼻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEART|⼼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD|⼽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOOR|⼾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAND|⼿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH|⽀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAP|⽁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT|⽂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER|⽃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AXE|⽄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE|⽅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOT|⽆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SUN|⽇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SAY|⽈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOON|⽉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TREE|⽊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LACK|⽋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOP|⽌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEATH|⽍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON|⽎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT|⽏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE|⽐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FUR|⽑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAN|⽒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEAM|⽓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WATER|⽔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIRE|⽕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAW|⽖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FATHER|⽗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X|⽘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK|⽙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLICE|⽚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FANG|⽛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COW|⽜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOG|⽝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND|⽞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JADE|⽟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MELON|⽠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TILE|⽡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SWEET|⽢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LIFE|⽣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL USE|⽤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIELD|⽥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⽦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS|⽧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT|⽨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHITE|⽩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SKIN|⽪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISH|⽫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EYE|⽬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR|⽭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARROW|⽮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STONE|⽯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT|⽰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRACK|⽱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN|⽲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAVE|⽳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STAND|⽴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO|⽵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RICE|⽶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SILK|⽷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JAR|⽸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NET|⽹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP|⽺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER|⽻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OLD|⽼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AND|⽽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PLOW|⽾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAR|⽿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH|⾀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MEAT|⾁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER|⾂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SELF|⾃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE|⾄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR|⾅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE|⾆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE|⾇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOAT|⾈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING|⾉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COLOR|⾊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRASS|⾋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TIGER|⾌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INSECT|⾍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD|⾎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE|⾏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES|⾐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEST|⾑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEE|⾒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORN|⾓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH|⾔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY|⾕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BEAN|⾖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PIG|⾗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BADGER|⾘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHELL|⾙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RED|⾚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RUN|⾛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FOOT|⾜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BODY|⾝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CART|⾞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BITTER|⾟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORNING|⾠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK|⾡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CITY|⾢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WINE|⾣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH|⾤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE|⾥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GOLD|⾦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG|⾧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GATE|⾨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUND|⾩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE|⾪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD|⾫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAIN|⾬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLUE|⾭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRONG|⾮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FACE|⾯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER|⾰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER|⾱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEEK|⾲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SOUND|⾳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEAF|⾴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WIND|⾵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLY|⾶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAT|⾷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEAD|⾸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT|⾹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORSE|⾺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BONE|⾻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TALL|⾼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAIR|⾽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT|⾾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE|⾿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON|⿀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GHOST|⿁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FISH|⿂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIRD|⿃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SALT|⿄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEER|⿅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT|⿆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEMP|⿇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW|⿈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MILLET|⿉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLACK|⿊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY|⿋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FROG|⿌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD|⿍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRUM|⿎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAT|⿏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FDx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOSE|⿐}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVEN|⿑}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH|⿒}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON|⿓}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE|⿔}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE|⿕}}|| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT|⿰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW|⿱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT|⿲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW|⿳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND|⿴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE|⿵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW|⿶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT|⿷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT|⿸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT|⿹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT|⿺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID|⿻}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM RIGHT|⿼}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER RIGHT|⿽}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER HORIZONTAL REFLECTION|⿾}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ROTATION|⿿}}
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}
5pyy4guq9kmp8iwxrj1pxq8488vrvig
4637367
4637366
2026-05-24T07:22:38Z
~2026-30241-52
3590047
4637367
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{:Unicode/Character reference}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''General Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|200x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EN QUAD|[NQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM QUAD|[MQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN SPACE|[EN SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM SPACE|[EM SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-PER-EM SPACE|[3/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR-PER-EM SPACE|[4/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX-PER-EM SPACE|[6/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE SPACE|[F SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUATION SPACE|[P SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SPACE|[TH SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR SPACE|[H SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|[ZW SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER|[ZW NJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH JOINER|[ZW J]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK|[LRM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK|[RLM]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|201x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN|‐}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN|[NB -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE DASH|‒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN DASH|–}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM DASH|—}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BAR|―}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE|‖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW LINE|‗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|‘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|’}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|‚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|“}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|”}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|„}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|‟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|202x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER|†}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DAGGER|‡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET|•}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR BULLET|‣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT LEADER|․}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT LEADER|‥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|…}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHENATION POINT|‧}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE SEPARATOR|[L SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|[P SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING|[LRE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING|[RLE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING|[PDF]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE|[LRO]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE|[RLO]}}||style="background:#f1ff63;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE|[NNB SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|203x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER MILLE SIGN|‰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|‱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRIME|′}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME|″}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PRIME|‴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PRIME|‵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME|‶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME|‷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET|‸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|‹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|›}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REFERENCE MARK|※}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|‼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERROBANG|‽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLINE|‾}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDERTIE|‿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|204x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHARACTER TIE|⁀}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET INSERTION POINT|⁁}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISM|⁂}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN BULLET|⁃}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION SLASH|⁄}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁅}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|⁆}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE QUESTION MARK|⁇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK|⁈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK|⁉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN ET|⁊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PILCROW SIGN|⁋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET|⁌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET|⁍}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW ASTERISK|⁎}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SEMICOLON|⁏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|205x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSE UP|⁐}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY|⁑}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN|⁒}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWUNG DASH|⁓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED UNDERTIE|⁔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PUNCTUATION MARK|⁕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE PRIME|⁗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⁘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION|⁙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT PUNCTUATION|⁚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT MARK|⁛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CROSS|⁜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICOLON|⁝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL FOUR DOTS|⁞}}||style="background:#b1ff69;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE|[MM SP]}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a;font-size:75%"
!style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|206x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD JOINER|[WJ]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNCTION APPLICATION|[ƒ( )]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE TIMES|[×]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE SEPARATOR|[,]}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE PLUS|[+]}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE|[LRI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE|[RLI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST STRONG ISOLATE|[FSI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE|[PDI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[I S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[A S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[I AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[A AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NA DS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NO DS]}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|207x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ZERO|⁰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⁱ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⁲}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⁳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FOUR|⁴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FIVE|⁵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SIX|⁶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN|⁷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT|⁸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT NINE|⁹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|⁺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT MINUS|⁻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|⁼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|⁽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⁾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⁿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|208x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ZERO|₀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ONE|₁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT TWO|₂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT THREE|₃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FOUR|₄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FIVE|₅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SIX|₆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SEVEN|₇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EIGHT|₈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT NINE|₉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|₊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT MINUS|₋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|₌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|₍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|₎}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH AND LOW VERTICAL LINE|₏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8"
!style="background:#ffffff"|209x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|ₐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E|ₑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|ₒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X|ₓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA|ₔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER H|ₕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER K|ₖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER L|ₗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER M|ₘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER N|ₙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER P|ₚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER S|ₛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER T|ₜ}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER W|₝}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Y|₞}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER Z|₟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Currency Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO-CURRENCY SIGN|₠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON SIGN|₡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUZEIRO SIGN|₢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRANC SIGN|₣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIRA SIGN|₤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILL SIGN|₥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIRA SIGN|₦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PESETA SIGN|₧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUPEE SIGN|₨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WON SIGN|₩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW SHEQEL SIGN|₪}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONG SIGN|₫}}||style="background:#ffea60"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO SIGN|€}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIP SIGN|₭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TUGRIK SIGN|₮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRACHMA SIGN|₯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Bx
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GERMAN PENNY SIGN|₰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PESO SIGN|₱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARANI SIGN|₲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUSTRAL SIGN|₳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HRYVNIA SIGN|₴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDI SIGN|₵}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN|₶}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPESMILO SIGN|₷}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TENGE SIGN|₸}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIAN RUPEE SIGN|₹}}||style="background:#81deff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKISH LIRA SIGN|₺}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORDIC MARK SIGN|₻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANAT SIGN|₼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUBLE SIGN|₽}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARI SIGN|₾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BITCOIN SIGN|₿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Cx||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOM SIGN|⃀}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAUDI RIYAL SIGN|⃁}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUFIYAA SIGN|⃂}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UAE DIRHAM SIGN|⃃}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OMANI RIYAL SIGN|⃄}}|| || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE| ⃑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY| ⃓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE| ⃕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE| ⃖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING OVERLAY| ⃘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY| ⃚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE| ⃛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE| ⃜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE| ⃝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE| ⃞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND| ⃟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Ex
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH| ⃠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE| ⃡}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN| ⃢}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP| ⃣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING UPWARD POINTING TRIANGLE| ⃤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE OVERLAY| ⃦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANNUITY SYMBOL| ⃧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE UNDERDOT| ⃨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE BRIDGE ABOVE| ⃩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS ARROW OVERLAY| ⃪}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG DOUBLE SOLIDUS OVERLAY| ⃫}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃬}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS| ⃭}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW BELOW| ⃮}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW BELOW| ⃯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|20Fx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE| ⃰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Letterlike Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|210x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCOUNT OF|℀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT|℁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C|ℂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE CELSIUS|℃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTRE LINE SYMBOL|℄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARE OF|℅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADA UNA|℆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EULER CONSTANT|ℇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRUPLE|℈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE FAHRENHEIT|℉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL G|ℊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL H|ℋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H|ℌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H|ℍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT|ℎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI|ℏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|211x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL I|ℐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|ℑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL L|ℒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL L|ℓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|L B BAR SYMBOL|℔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N|ℕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMERO SIGN|№}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT|℗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION|℘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P|ℙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q|ℚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL R|ℛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|ℜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R|ℝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRESCRIPTION TAKE|℞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESPONSE|℟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|212x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SERVICE MARK|℠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE SIGN|℡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRADE MARK SIGN|™}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERSICLE|℣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z|ℤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUNCE SIGN|℥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OHM SIGN|Ω}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED OHM SIGN|℧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z|ℨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|℩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KELVIN SIGN|K}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGSTROM SIGN|Å}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL B|ℬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C|ℭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATED SYMBOL|℮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL E|ℯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|213x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL E|ℰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL F|ℱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED CAPITAL F|Ⅎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL M|ℳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL O|ℴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEF SYMBOL|ℵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BET SYMBOL|ℶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIMEL SYMBOL|ℷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DALET SYMBOL|ℸ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION SOURCE|ℹ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED CAPITAL Q|℺}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACSIMILE SIGN|℻}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI|ℼ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL GAMMA|ℽ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL GAMMA|ℾ}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI|ℿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|214x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK N-ARY SUMMATION|⅀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|⅁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|⅃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|⅄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC CAPITAL D|ⅅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL D|ⅆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E|ⅇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL I|ⅈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL J|ⅉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPERTY LINE|⅊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED AMPERSAND|⅋}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER SIGN|⅌}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AKTIESELSKAB|⅍}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SMALL F|ⅎ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE|⅏}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Number Forms'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|215x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH|⅐}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH|⅑}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH|⅒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD|⅓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS|⅔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH|⅕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS|⅖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS|⅗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS|⅘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH|⅙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS|⅚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|⅛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|⅜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|⅝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|⅞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE|⅟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|216x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|Ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|Ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|Ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|Ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|Ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|Ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|Ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|Ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|Ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|Ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|Ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|Ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|Ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|Ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|Ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|Ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|217x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|ⅰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|ⅱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|ⅲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|ⅳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|ⅴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|ⅵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|ⅶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|ⅷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|ⅸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|ⅹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|ⅺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|ⅻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|ⅼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|ⅽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|ⅾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|ⅿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|218x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D|ↀ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND|ↁ}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND|ↂ}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED|Ↄ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C|ↄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM|ↅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM|ↆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND|ↇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|ↈ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS|↉}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT TWO|↊}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT THREE|↋}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN|↌}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN|↍}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE|↎}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WITH SLASH|↏}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|219x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW|←}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW|↑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW|→}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW|↓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW|↔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW|↕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW|↖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW|↗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW|↘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW|↙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|↛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW|↝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|↡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|↣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|↧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|↨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|↪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|↬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW|↭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE|↮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|↯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|21Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|↲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|↳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS|↴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS|↵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|↷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR|↸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|↹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|↻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|↼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|↽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|↾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|↿}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|21Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|⇀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|⇁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|⇂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|⇃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW|⇄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW|⇅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⇆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|⇊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON|⇋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON|⇌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|⇏}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|21Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⇔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|⇕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|⇘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|⇙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⇛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⇝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⇟}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|21Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW|⇣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⇥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW|⇩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR|⇪}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇫}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⇬}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR|⇭}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW|⇮}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|⇯}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|21Fx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL|⇰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER|⇱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER|⇲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN WHITE ARROW|⇳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⇴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW|⇵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|⇶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⇹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⇼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW|⇿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Operators'''
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!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
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!style="background:#ffffff"|220x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FOR ALL|∀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPLEMENT|∁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|∂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE EXISTS|∃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE DOES NOT EXIST|∄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET|∅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREMENT|∆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABLA|∇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF|∈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT AN ELEMENT OF|∉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF|∊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER|∌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END OF PROOF|∎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY PRODUCT|∏}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|221x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY COPRODUCT|∐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SUMMATION|∑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN|−}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN|∓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT PLUS|∔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SLASH|∕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SET MINUS|∖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK OPERATOR|∗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING OPERATOR|∘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET OPERATOR|∙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ROOT|√}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUBE ROOT|∛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOURTH ROOT|∜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTIONAL TO|∝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY|∞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE|∟}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|222x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE|∠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE|∡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE|∢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVIDES|∣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE|∤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL TO|∥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT PARALLEL TO|∦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND|∧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR|∨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION|∩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION|∪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL|∫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTEGRAL|∬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE INTEGRAL|∭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFACE INTEGRAL|∯}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|223x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLUME INTEGRAL|∰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL|∱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|∳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THEREFORE|∴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BECAUSE|∵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RATIO|∶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTION|∷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT MINUS|∸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCESS|∹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRIC PROPORTION|∺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOMOTHETIC|∻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR|∼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE|∽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S|∾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINE WAVE|∿}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|224x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WREATH PRODUCT|≀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TILDE|≁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS TILDE|≂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|≄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|≇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO|≈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|≉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|≊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE TILDE|≋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL EQUAL TO|≌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT TO|≍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO|≎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIFFERENCE BETWEEN|≏}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|225x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROACHES THE LIMIT|≐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUAL TO|≑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF|≒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON EQUALS|≔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS COLON|≕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING IN EQUAL TO|≖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING EQUAL TO|≗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CORRESPONDS TO|≘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATES|≙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIANGULAR TO|≚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR EQUALS|≛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELTA EQUAL TO|≜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION|≝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED BY|≞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTIONED EQUAL TO|≟}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|226x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUAL TO|≠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO|≡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT IDENTICAL TO|≢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO|≣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|≧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|≩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH LESS-THAN|≪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH GREATER-THAN|≫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BETWEEN|≬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUIVALENT TO|≭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT LESS-THAN|≮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT GREATER-THAN|≯}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|227x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|≱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|≳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|≵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN|≶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN|≷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATER-THAN|≸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESS-THAN|≹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES|≺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS|≻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUAL TO|≼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO|≽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUIVALENT TO|≾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO|≿}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|228x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE|⊀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED|⊁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF|⊂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF|⊃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUBSET OF|⊄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUPERSET OF|⊅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|⊉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|⊋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET|⊌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET MULTIPLICATION|⊍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET UNION|⊎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF|⊏}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|229x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF|⊐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⊑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⊒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAP|⊓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CUP|⊔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PLUS|⊕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MINUS|⊖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIMES|⊗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH|⊘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⊙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED RING OPERATOR|⊚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ASTERISK OPERATOR|⊛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EQUALS|⊜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DASH|⊝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PLUS|⊞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MINUS|⊟}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TIMES|⊠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED DOT OPERATOR|⊡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TACK|⊢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TACK|⊣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK|⊤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK|⊥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASSERTION|⊦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODELS|⊧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE|⊨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORCES|⊩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PROVE|⊬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TRUE|⊭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT FORCE|⊮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATED DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⊯}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|22Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES UNDER RELATION|⊰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION|⊱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⊲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⊳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⊴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL TO|⊵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIGINAL OF|⊶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF|⊷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIMAP|⊸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERMITIAN CONJUGATE MATRIX|⊹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERCALATE|⊺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XOR|⊻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAND|⊼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOR|⊽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC|⊾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE|⊿}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|22Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL AND|⋀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL OR|⋁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY INTERSECTION|⋂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION|⋃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND OPERATOR|⋄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT OPERATOR|⋅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OPERATOR|⋆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION TIMES|⋇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE|⋈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|⋌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE EQUALS|⋍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL OR|⋎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL AND|⋏}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|22Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUBSET|⋐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUPERSET|⋑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTERSECTION|⋒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UNION|⋓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK|⋔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO|⋕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH DOT|⋖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH DOT|⋗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH LESS-THAN|⋘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH GREATER-THAN|⋙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⋜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⋝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES|⋞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR SUCCEEDS|⋟}}
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!style="background:#ffffff"|22Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE OR EQUAL|⋠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED OR EQUAL|⋡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|⋢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|⋣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|⋥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|⋩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|⋪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|⋫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|⋬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL|⋭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ELLIPSIS|⋮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|⋯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|22Fx
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋰}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|⋱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE|⋵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|⋷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR|⋸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES|⋹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|⋼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|⋾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP|⋿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Technical'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|230x
|style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMETER SIGN|⌀}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC ARROW|⌁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE|⌂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD|⌃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN ARROWHEAD|⌄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROJECTIVE|⌅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSPECTIVE|⌆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY LINE|⌇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CEILING|⌈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CEILING|⌉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FLOOR|⌊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FLOOR|⌋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CROP|⌌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CROP|⌍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CROP|⌎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CROP|⌏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|231x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED NOT SIGN|⌐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOZENGE|⌑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARC|⌒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENT|⌓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR|⌔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECORDER|⌕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSITION INDICATOR|⌖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIEWDATA SQUARE|⌗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|⌘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NOT SIGN|⌙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATCH|⌚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS|⌛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CORNER|⌜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CORNER|⌝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CORNER|⌞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER|⌟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|232x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF INTEGRAL|⌠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|⌡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWN|⌢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILE|⌣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL BARS|⌤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTION KEY|⌥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE RIGHT|⌦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|X IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⌧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD|⌨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|〉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE LEFT|⌫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING|⌬}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYLINDRICITY|⌭}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL AROUND-PROFILE|⌮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMMETRY|⌯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|233x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTAL RUNOUT|⌰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIMENSION ORIGIN|⌱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONICAL TAPER|⌲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPE|⌳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERBORE|⌴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERSINK|⌵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL I-BEAM|⌶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SQUISH QUAD|⌷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD EQUAL|⌸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIVIDE|⌹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIAMOND|⌺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD JOT|⌻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD CIRCLE|⌼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STILE|⌽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE JOT|⌾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SLASH BAR|⌿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|234x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL BACKSLASH BAR|⍀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD SLASH|⍁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD BACKSLASH|⍂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LESS-THAN|⍃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD GREATER-THAN|⍄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFTWARDS VANE|⍅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RIGHTWARDS VANE|⍆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LEFTWARDS ARROW|⍇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⍈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE BACKSLASH|⍉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK UNDERBAR|⍊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA STILE|⍋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWN CARET|⍌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DELTA|⍍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK JOT|⍎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UPWARDS VANE|⍏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|235x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UPWARDS ARROW|⍐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK OVERBAR|⍑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL STILE|⍒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UP CARET|⍓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DEL|⍔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK JOT|⍕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWNWARDS VANE|⍖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWNWARDS ARROW|⍗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE UNDERBAR|⍘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA UNDERBAR|⍙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DIAMOND UNDERBAR|⍚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT UNDERBAR|⍛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE UNDERBAR|⍜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT|⍝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE QUAD|⍞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STAR|⍟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|236x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON|⍠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK DIAERESIS|⍡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL DIAERESIS|⍢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STAR DIAERESIS|⍣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT DIAERESIS|⍤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE DIAERESIS|⍥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN SHOE STILE|⍦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFT SHOE STILE|⍧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL TILDE DIAERESIS|⍨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL GREATER-THAN DIAERESIS|⍩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL COMMA BAR|⍪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL TILDE|⍫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ZILDE|⍬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STILE TILDE|⍭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SEMICOLON UNDERBAR|⍮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD NOT EQUAL|⍯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|237x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD QUESTION|⍰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE|⍱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP CARET TILDE|⍲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA|⍳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO|⍴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA|⍵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR|⍶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL EPSILON UNDERBAR|⍷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR|⍸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR|⍹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA|⍺}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT CHECK MARK|⍻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|⍼}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOULDERED OPEN BOX|⍽}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL SYMBOL|⍾}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT|⍿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|238x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSERTION SYMBOL|⎀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|⎂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPHASIS SYMBOL|⎃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPOSITION SYMBOL|⎄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE|⎅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENTER SYMBOL|⎆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL|⎇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELM SYMBOL|⎈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH|⎉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN|⎊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW|⎋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDO SYMBOL|⎌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOSTABLE SYMBOL|⎍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYSTERESIS SYMBOL|⎎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL|⎏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff|239x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL|⎐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL|⎒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO|⎓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL|⎔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD|⎕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL|⎖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PREVIOUS PAGE|⎗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEXT PAGE|⎘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL|⎙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL|⎚}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎛}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎜}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎝}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|⎞}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|⎟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff|23Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|⎠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|⎤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|⎥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|⎦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY BRACKET EXTENSION|⎪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|⎫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|⎬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|⎭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL EXTENSION|⎮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE EXTENSION|⎯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|23Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT OR LOWER RIGHT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT OR LOWER LEFT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|⎱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION TOP|⎲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION BOTTOM|⎳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET|⎵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET OVER TOP SQUARE BRACKET|⎶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADICAL SYMBOL BOTTOM|⎷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BOX LINE|⎹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-1|⎺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-3|⎻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-7|⎼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-9|⎽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP RIGHT|⎾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM RIGHT|⎿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH CIRCLE|⏀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|⏂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|⏅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND WAVE|⏆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|⏈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|⏉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|⏊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP LEFT|⏋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM LEFT|⏌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOOT|⏍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN SYMBOL|⏎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EJECT SYMBOL|⏏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Dx
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE EXTENSION|⏐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL BREVE|⏑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER SHORT|⏒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL SHORT OVER LONG|⏓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER TWO SHORTS|⏔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS OVER LONG|⏕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS JOINED|⏖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TRISEME|⏗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TETRASEME|⏘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL PENTASEME|⏙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GROUND|⏚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUSE|⏛}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP PARENTHESIS|⏜}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM PARENTHESIS|⏝}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP CURLY BRACKET|⏞}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM CURLY BRACKET|⏟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⏡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRAPEZIUM|⏢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING WITH CIRCLE|⏣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHTNESS|⏤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATNESS|⏥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AC CURRENT|⏦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRICAL INTERSECTION|⏧}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL|⏨}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏩}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏪}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏫}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|⏬}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏭}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|⏮}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|23Fx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM CLOCK|⏰}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOPWATCH|⏱}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMER CLOCK|⏲}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS WITH FLOWING SAND|⏳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⏷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|⏸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE FOR STOP|⏹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD|⏺}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SYMBOL|⏻}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON-OFF SYMBOL|⏼}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON SYMBOL|⏽}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SLEEP SYMBOL|⏾}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OBSERVER EYE SYMBOL|⏿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Control Pictures'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|240x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NULL|␀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING|␁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT|␂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT|␃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION|␄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY|␅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE|␆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BELL|␇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE|␈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION|␉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED|␊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION|␋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED|␌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN|␍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT|␎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN|␏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|241x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE|␐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE|␑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO|␒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE|␓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|␔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|␕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|␖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|␗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CANCEL|␘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM|␙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE|␚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE|␛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR|␜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR|␝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR|␞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR|␟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|242x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SPACE|␠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE|␡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLANK SYMBOL|␢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOX|␣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE|␤}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO|␥}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO|␦}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKERBOARD FORM|␧}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKERBOARD FORM|␨}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM|␩}}|| || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|243x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Optical Character Recognition'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|244x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR HOOK|⑀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CHAIR|⑁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR FORK|⑂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR INVERTED FORK|⑃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BELT BUCKLE|⑄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BOW TIE|⑅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION|⑆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK|⑇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR ON US SYMBOL|⑈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICR DASH SYMBOL|⑉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH|⑊}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|245x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|246x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|①}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|②}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|③}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|④}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⑤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⑥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⑦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⑧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⑨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⑩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⑫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⑬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⑭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⑮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⑯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|247x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⑰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⑱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⑲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⑳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE|⑴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO|⑵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE|⑶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR|⑷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE|⑸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX|⑹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN|⑺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT|⑻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE|⑼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN|⑽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN|⑾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE|⑿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|248x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⒀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⒁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⒂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⒃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⒄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⒅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN|⒆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY|⒇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE FULL STOP|⒈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO FULL STOP|⒉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE FULL STOP|⒊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP|⒋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP|⒌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX FULL STOP|⒍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP|⒎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP|⒏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|249x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE FULL STOP|⒐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN FULL STOP|⒑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP|⒒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP|⒓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP|⒔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP|⒕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP|⒖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP|⒗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP|⒘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP|⒙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP|⒚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP|⒛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|⒜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|⒝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|⒞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|⒟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|⒠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|⒡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|⒢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|⒣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|⒤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|⒥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|⒦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|⒧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|⒨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|⒩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|⒪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|⒫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|⒬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|⒭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|⒮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|⒯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|⒰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|⒱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|⒲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|⒳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|⒴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|⒵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|Ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|Ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|Ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|Ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|Ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|Ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|Ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|Ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|Ⓙ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|Ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|Ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|Ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|Ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|Ⓟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|Ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|Ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|Ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|Ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|Ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|Ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|Ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|Ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|Ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|Ⓩ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|ⓐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|ⓑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|ⓒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|ⓓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|ⓔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|ⓕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|ⓖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|ⓗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|ⓘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|ⓙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|ⓚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|ⓛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|ⓜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⓝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|ⓞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|ⓟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|ⓠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|ⓡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|ⓢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|ⓣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|ⓤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|ⓥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|ⓦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|ⓧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|ⓨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|ⓩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓪}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|⓫}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|⓬}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|⓭}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|⓮}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|⓯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|24Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|⓰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|⓱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|⓲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|⓳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|⓴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|⓵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|⓶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|⓷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|⓸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|⓹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|⓺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|⓻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|⓼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|⓽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|⓾}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|⓿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Box Drawing'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|250x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|─}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL|━}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|│}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL|┃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|┇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|┉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|┋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|┌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT|┏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|251x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|┐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT|┓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|└}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT|┗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|┘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT|┛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|├}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|┝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|252x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|┠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT|┣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|┤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|┥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|┨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND LEFT|┫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|┭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|┮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|253x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|┱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|┲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|┴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|┵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|┶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|┸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|┹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|┺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL|┻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|┼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT|┽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT|┾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|┿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|254x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|╂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|╃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|╄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|╅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|╆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY|╈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY|╉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT VERTICAL HEAVY|╊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|╍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|╏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|255x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|═}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|║}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|╔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|╗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|╚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|╝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|256x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|╠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|╣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|╦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|╩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT|╭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT|╮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT|╯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|257x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT|╰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|╱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|╲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS|╳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT|╴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP|╵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT|╶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN|╷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT|╸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP|╹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY RIGHT|╺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN|╻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT|╼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN|╽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT AND LIGHT RIGHT|╾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LIGHT DOWN|╿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Block Elements'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|258x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK|▀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF BLOCK|▄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL BLOCK|█}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|▉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|▊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLOCK|▌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|▍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|▎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|259x
|style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLOCK|▐}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SHADE|░}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SHADE|▒}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SHADE|▓}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▔}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|▕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER LEFT|▖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER RIGHT|▗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT|▘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER RIGHT|▜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT|▝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|▞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|▟}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE|■}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE|□}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|▢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL FILL|▤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH VERTICAL FILL|▥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|▧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|▨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|▩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL SQUARE|▪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL SQUARE|▫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RECTANGLE|▬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RECTANGLE|▭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL RECTANGLE|▯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PARALLELOGRAM|▰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PARALLELOGRAM|▱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|▲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|△}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|▷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|►}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|▻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|▿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|◁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|◃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND|◆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND|◇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|◈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHEYE|◉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE|◊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE|○}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CIRCLE|◌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH VERTICAL FILL|◍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLSEYE|◎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE|●}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LOWER HALF BLACK|◒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER HALF BLACK|◓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT BLACK|◔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH ALL BUT UPPER LEFT QUADRANT BLACK|◕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|◗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BULLET|◘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|◟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF CIRCLE|◠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF CIRCLE|◡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE BULLET|◦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|◪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH VERTICAL BISECTING LINE|◫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOT|◬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|◭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|◮}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE CIRCLE|◯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|25Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|◴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|◵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|◶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|◷}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|◸}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◹}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|◺}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SQUARE|◻}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|◼}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◽}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|◾}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|◿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|260x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SUN WITH RAYS|☀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD|☁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA|☂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN|☃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMET|☄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK STAR|★}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE STAR|☆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING|☇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDERSTORM|☈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN|☉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCENDING NODE|☊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESCENDING NODE|☋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONJUNCTION|☌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPPOSITION|☍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TELEPHONE|☎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TELEPHONE|☏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|261x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX|☐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH CHECK|☑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH X|☒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALTIRE|☓}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA WITH RAIN DROPS|☔}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT BEVERAGE|☕}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SHOGI PIECE|☖}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SHOGI PIECE|☗}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAMROCK|☘}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|☙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|☚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|☜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|☝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|☞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|☟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|262x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL AND CROSSBONES|☠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUTION SIGN|☡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIOACTIVE SIGN|☢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIOHAZARD SIGN|☣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADUCEUS|☤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANKH|☥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHODOX CROSS|☦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHI RHO|☧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF LORRAINE|☨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF JERUSALEM|☩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR AND CRESCENT|☪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FARSI SYMBOL|☫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADI SHAKTI|☬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND SICKLE|☭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACE SYMBOL|☮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YIN YANG|☯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|263x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN|☰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR LAKE|☱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR FIRE|☲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER|☳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WIND|☴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WATER|☵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN|☶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR EARTH|☷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL OF DHARMA|☸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FROWNING FACE|☹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMILING FACE|☺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMILING FACE|☻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|☼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON|☽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON|☾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERCURY|☿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|264x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMALE SIGN|♀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH|♁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE SIGN|♂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUPITER|♃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATURN|♄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|URANUS|♅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE|♆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO|♇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARIES|♈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAURUS|♉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEMINI|♊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCER|♋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEO|♌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIRGO|♍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIBRA|♎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPIUS|♏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|265x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAGITTARIUS|♐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPRICORN|♑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AQUARIUS|♒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISCES|♓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING|♔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN|♕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK|♖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP|♗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT|♘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN|♙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING|♚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN|♛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK|♜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP|♝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT|♞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN|♟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|266x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SPADE SUIT|♠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART SUIT|♡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND SUIT|♢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CLUB SUIT|♣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SPADE SUIT|♤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART SUIT|♥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|♦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CLUB SUIT|♧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT SPRINGS|♨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUARTER NOTE|♩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHTH NOTE|♪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|♫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES|♬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC FLAT SIGN|♭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC NATURAL SIGN|♮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC SHARP SIGN|♯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|267x
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEST SYRIAC CROSS|♰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAST SYRIAC CROSS|♱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-1 PLASTICS|♳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-2 PLASTICS|♴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-3 PLASTICS|♵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-4 PLASTICS|♶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-5 PLASTICS|♷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-6 PLASTICS|♸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-7 PLASTICS|♹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR GENERIC MATERIALS|♺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|♻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIALLY-RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|♽}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERMANENT PAPER SIGN|♾}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL|♿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|268x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-1|⚀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-2|⚁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-3|⚂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-4|⚃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-5|⚄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-6|⚅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOT RIGHT|⚆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|⚇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE DOT RIGHT|⚈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH TWO WHITE DOTS|⚉}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YANG|⚊}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YIN|⚋}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YANG|⚌}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YIN|⚍}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YANG|⚎}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YIN|⚏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|269x
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG|⚐}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLAG|⚑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND PICK|⚒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANCHOR|⚓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED SWORDS|⚔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF AESCULAPIUS|⚕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCALES|⚖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEMBIC|⚗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER|⚘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR|⚙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF HERMES|⚚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATOM SYMBOL|⚛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEUR-DE-LIS|⚜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED WHITE STAR|⚝}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT|⚞}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING LEFT|⚟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ax
|style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARNING SIGN|⚠}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN|⚡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED FEMALE SIGN|⚢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED MALE SIGN|⚣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERLOCKED FEMALE AND MALE SIGN|⚤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE AND MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|⚧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|⚩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE|⚪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BLACK CIRCLE|⚫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE|⚬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARRIAGE SYMBOL|⚭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVORCE SYMBOL|⚮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNMARRIED PARTNERSHIP SYMBOL|⚯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Bx
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COFFIN|⚰}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNERAL URN|⚱}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTER|⚲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CERES|⚳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALLAS|⚴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUNO|⚵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA|⚶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIRON|⚷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MOON LILITH|⚸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEXTILE|⚹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMISEXTILE|⚺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUINCUNX|⚻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SESQUIQUADRATE|⚼}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCCER BALL|⚽}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASEBALL|⚾}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KEY|⚿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Cx
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS MAN|⛀}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS KING|⛁}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS MAN|⛂}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS KING|⛃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN WITHOUT SNOW|⛄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN BEHIND CLOUD|⛅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAIN|⛆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SNOWMAN|⛇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDER CLOUD AND RAIN|⛈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED WHITE SHOGI PIECE|⛉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK SHOGI PIECE|⛊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND IN SQUARE|⛋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSING LANES|⛌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISABLED CAR|⛍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPHIUCHUS|⛎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PICK|⛏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAR SLIDING|⛐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELMET WITH WHITE CROSS|⛑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSSING LANES|⛒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAINS|⛓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY|⛔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATE ONE-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|⛗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT LANE MERGE|⛘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT LANE MERGE|⛙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRIVE SLOW SIGN|⛚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|⛛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CLOSED ENTRY|⛜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SALTIRE|⛝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL IN WHITE CIRCLE IN BLACK SQUARE|⛞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TRUCK|⛟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-1|⛠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-2|⛡}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR URANUS|⛢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH STROKE AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|⛣}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PENTAGRAM|⛤}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛥}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|⛦}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED PENTAGRAM|⛧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CROSS ON SHIELD|⛨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHINTO SHRINE|⛩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHURCH|⛪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CASTLE|⛫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HISTORIC SITE|⛬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITHOUT HUB|⛭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITH HANDLES|⛮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAP SYMBOL FOR LIGHTHOUSE|⛯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca"
!style="background:#ffffff"|26Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN|⛰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA ON GROUND|⛱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUNTAIN|⛲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAG IN HOLE|⛳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRY|⛴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAILBOAT|⛵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNERS|⛶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKIER|⛷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE SKATE|⛸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BALL|⛹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENT|⛺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE BANK SYMBOL|⛻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE GRAVEYARD SYMBOL|⛼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUEL PUMP|⛽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP ON BLACK SQUARE|⛾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG WITH HORIZONTAL MIDDLE BLACK STRIPE|⛿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Dingbats'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|270x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SAFETY SCISSORS|✀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER BLADE SCISSORS|✁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SCISSORS|✂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER BLADE SCISSORS|✃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SCISSORS|✄}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY CHECK MARK|✅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN|✆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE DRIVE|✇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE|✈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE|✉}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED FIST|✊}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND|✋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORY HAND|✌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRITING HAND|✍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT PENCIL|✎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENCIL|✏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|271x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT PENCIL|✐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE NIB|✑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NIB|✒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECK MARK|✓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHECK MARK|✔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION X|✕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X|✖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT X|✗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BALLOT X|✘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED GREEK CROSS|✙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY GREEK CROSS|✚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS|✜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CROSS|✝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS|✞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CROSS|✟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|272x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALTESE CROSS|✠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OF DAVID|✡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|✤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK|✥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR|✦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR|✧}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLES|✨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR|✩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE STAR|✪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR|✫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR|✬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR|✮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINWHEEL STAR|✯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|273x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE STAR|✰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ASTERISK|✱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK|✲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|✳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|✴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|✵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|✶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|✸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|✹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK|✺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|✽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE|✾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLORETTE|✿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|274x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLORETTE|❀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE|❁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR|❂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK|❃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWFLAKE|❄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE|❅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE|❆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLE|❇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SPARKLE|❈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|❉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|❋}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS MARK|❌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|❍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED CROSS MARK|❎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|275x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|❒}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❓}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|❔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X|❖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL|❗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT VERTICAL BAR|❘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR|❙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY VERTICAL BAR|❚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❞}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|276x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❠}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT|❡}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❢}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|❣}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK HEART|❤}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET|❥}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORAL HEART|❦}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|❧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|❫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|❯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|277x
|style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❰}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|❱}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❲}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|❳}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❴}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|❵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|❶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|❷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|❸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|❹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|❺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|❻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|❼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|❽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|❾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|❿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|278x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|➊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|➋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|➌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|➍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|➎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|➏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|279x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|➐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|➑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|➒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|➓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➔}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY PLUS SIGN|➕}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MINUS SIGN|➖}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DIVISION SIGN|➗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW|➘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW|➚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|➤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Bx
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOOP|➰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|➷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|➹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|➾}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CURLY LOOP|➿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANGLE|⟀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRIANGLE CONTAINING SMALL WHITE TRIANGLE|⟁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR|⟂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUBSET|⟃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUPERSET|⟄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|⟆}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OR WITH DOT INSIDE|⟇}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET|⟈}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET PRECEDING SOLIDUS|⟉}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⟊}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RISING DIAGONAL|⟋}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DIVISION|⟌}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FALLING DIAGONAL|⟍}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL AND|⟎}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL OR|⟏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND WITH CENTRED DOT|⟐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AND WITH DOT|⟑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING UPWARDS|⟒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT CORNER WITH DOT|⟓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT CORNER WITH DOT|⟔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT OUTER JOIN|⟕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OUTER JOIN|⟖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL OUTER JOIN|⟗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE UP TACK|⟘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE DOWN TACK|⟙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT DOUBLE TURNSTILE|⟚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TACK|⟛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT MULTIMAP|⟜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHT TACK|⟝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT TACK|⟞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⟟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE|⟠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND|⟡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|⟤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|⟥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|⟧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|⟨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|⟩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|⟫}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟬}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⟭}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟮}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|⟯}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|27Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⟱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|⟳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⟴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|⟵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⟶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW|⟷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⟹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⟺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|⟼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⟾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⟿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Braille Patterns'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|280x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK|⠀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1|⠁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2|⠂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12|⠃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3|⠄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13|⠅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23|⠆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123|⠇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4|⠈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14|⠉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24|⠊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124|⠋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34|⠌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134|⠍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234|⠎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234|⠏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|281x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5|⠐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15|⠑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25|⠒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125|⠓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35|⠔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135|⠕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235|⠖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235|⠗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45|⠘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145|⠙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245|⠚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245|⠛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345|⠜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345|⠝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345|⠞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345|⠟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|282x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6|⠠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16|⠡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26|⠢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126|⠣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36|⠤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136|⠥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236|⠦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236|⠧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46|⠨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146|⠩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246|⠪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246|⠫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346|⠬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346|⠭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346|⠮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346|⠯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|283x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56|⠰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156|⠱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256|⠲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256|⠳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356|⠴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356|⠵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356|⠶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356|⠷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456|⠸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456|⠹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456|⠺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456|⠻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456|⠼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456|⠽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456|⠾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456|⠿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|284x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7|⡀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17|⡁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27|⡂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127|⡃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37|⡄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137|⡅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237|⡆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237|⡇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47|⡈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147|⡉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247|⡊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247|⡋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347|⡌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347|⡍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347|⡎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347|⡏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|285x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57|⡐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157|⡑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257|⡒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257|⡓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357|⡔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357|⡕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357|⡖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357|⡗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457|⡘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457|⡙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457|⡚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457|⡛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457|⡜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457|⡝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457|⡞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457|⡟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|286x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67|⡠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167|⡡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267|⡢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267|⡣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367|⡤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367|⡥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367|⡦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367|⡧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467|⡨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467|⡩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467|⡪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467|⡫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467|⡬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467|⡭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467|⡮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467|⡯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|287x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567|⡰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567|⡱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567|⡲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567|⡳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567|⡴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567|⡵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567|⡶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567|⡷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567|⡸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567|⡹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567|⡺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567|⡻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567|⡼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567|⡽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567|⡾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567|⡿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|288x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8|⢀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18|⢁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28|⢂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128|⢃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38|⢄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138|⢅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238|⢆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238|⢇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48|⢈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148|⢉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248|⢊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248|⢋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348|⢌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348|⢍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348|⢎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348|⢏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|289x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58|⢐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158|⢑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258|⢒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258|⢓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358|⢔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358|⢕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358|⢖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358|⢗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458|⢘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458|⢙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458|⢚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458|⢛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458|⢜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458|⢝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458|⢞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458|⢟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68|⢠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168|⢡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268|⢢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268|⢣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368|⢤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368|⢥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368|⢦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368|⢧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468|⢨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468|⢩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468|⢪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468|⢫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468|⢬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468|⢭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468|⢮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468|⢯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568|⢰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568|⢱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568|⢲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568|⢳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568|⢴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568|⢵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568|⢶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568|⢷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568|⢸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568|⢹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568|⢺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568|⢻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568|⢼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568|⢽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568|⢾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568|⢿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78|⣀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178|⣁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278|⣂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278|⣃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378|⣄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378|⣅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378|⣆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378|⣇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478|⣈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478|⣉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478|⣊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478|⣋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478|⣌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478|⣍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478|⣎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478|⣏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578|⣐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578|⣑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578|⣒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578|⣓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578|⣔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578|⣕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578|⣖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578|⣗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578|⣘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578|⣙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578|⣚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578|⣛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578|⣜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578|⣝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578|⣞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578|⣟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678|⣠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678|⣡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678|⣢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678|⣣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678|⣤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678|⣥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678|⣦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678|⣧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678|⣨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678|⣩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678|⣪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678|⣫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678|⣬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678|⣭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678|⣮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678|⣯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|28Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678|⣰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678|⣱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678|⣲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678|⣳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678|⣴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678|⣵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678|⣶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678|⣷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678|⣸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678|⣹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678|⣺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678|⣻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678|⣼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678|⣽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678|⣾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678|⣿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|290x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⤅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|⤇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⤉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|⤋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|⤍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|291x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⤐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⤑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW TO BAR|⤓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⤖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⤗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⤘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|⤚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|⤜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|292x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|⤠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|⤦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH EAST ARROW|⤧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|⤩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH WEST ARROW|⤪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING FALLING DIAGONAL|⤫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING RISING DIAGONAL|⤬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|293x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|⤰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH WEST ARROW|⤱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|⤲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT|⤳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING UPWARDS|⤴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING DOWNWARDS|⤵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING LEFTWARDS|⤶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHTWARDS|⤷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SIDE ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SIDE ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW WITH MINUS|⤼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW WITH PLUS|⤽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SEMICIRCULAR CLOCKWISE ARROW|⤾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT SEMICIRCULAR ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|⤿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|294x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|⥁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|⥆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⥇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW THROUGH SMALL CIRCLE|⥈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM SMALL CIRCLE|⥉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|⥎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|⥏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|295x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|⥐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|⥑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|⥓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|⥕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|⥗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|⥙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|⥛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|⥝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|⥟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|296x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|⥡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|⥨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|⥩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|⥬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|⥭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|⥯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|297x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH ROUNDED HEAD|⥰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⥴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⥵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH LESS-THAN|⥷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⥹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUBSET|⥺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⥻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FISH TAIL|⥼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FISH TAIL|⥽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP FISH TAIL|⥾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN FISH TAIL|⥿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|298x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR DELIMITER|⦀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SPOT|⦁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION TYPE COLON|⦂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|⦄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS|⦆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET|⦇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET|⦈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET|⦉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT BINDING BRACKET|⦊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|⦌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|⦏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|299x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|⦐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|⦒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LEFT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|⦕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|⦖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|⦘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED FENCE|⦙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ZIGZAG LINE|⦚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE VARIANT WITH SQUARE|⦜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOT|⦝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH S INSIDE|⦞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ANGLE|⦟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING LEFT|⦠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING UP|⦡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED ANGLE|⦢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE|⦣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⦥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING UP|⦦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING DOWN|⦧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND RIGHT|⦨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND LEFT|⦩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT|⦪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND LEFT|⦫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND UP|⦬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND UP|⦭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND DOWN|⦮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND DOWN|⦯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED EMPTY SET|⦰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH OVERBAR|⦱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⦲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|⦳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH LEFT ARROW ABOVE|⦴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⦵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED VERTICAL BAR|⦶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PARALLEL|⦷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED REVERSE SOLIDUS|⦸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERPENDICULAR|⦹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL BAR AND TOP HALF DIVIDED BY VERTICAL BAR|⦺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SUPERIMPOSED X|⦻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE-ROTATED DIVISION SIGN|⦼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROW THROUGH CIRCLE|⦽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE BULLET|⦾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BULLET|⦿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LESS-THAN|⧀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED GREATER-THAN|⧁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SMALL CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT|⧂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES TO THE RIGHT|⧃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED RISING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FALLING DIAGONAL SLASH|⧅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ASTERISK|⧆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SMALL CIRCLE|⧇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SQUARE|⧈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO JOINED SQUARES|⧉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH DOT ABOVE|⧊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|⧋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|S IN TRIANGLE|⧌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH SERIFS AT BOTTOM|⧍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE ABOVE LEFT TRIANGLE|⧎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGLE BESIDE VERTICAL BAR|⧏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR BESIDE RIGHT TRIANGLE|⧐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK BOWTIE|⧓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HOURGLASS|⧖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HOURGLASS|⧗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WIGGLY FENCE|⧘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE|⧙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|⧛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMPLETE INFINITY|⧜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIE OVER INFINITY|⧝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY NEGATED WITH VERTICAL BAR|⧞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-ENDED MULTIMAP|⧟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|29Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH CONTOURED OUTLINE|⧠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASES AS|⧡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHUFFLE PRODUCT|⧢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL WITH TILDE ABOVE|⧤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO AND SLANTED PARALLEL|⧥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLEICH STARK|⧦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMODYNAMIC|⧧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⧨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⧩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND WITH DOWN ARROW|⧪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOZENGE|⧫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|⧭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE SQUARE|⧮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK SQUARE|⧯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|29Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE DIAMOND|⧰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK DIAMOND|⧱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE CIRCLE|⧲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK CIRCLE|⧳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RULE-DELAYED|⧴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⧵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLIDUS WITH OVERBAR|⧶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⧷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG SOLIDUS|⧸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG REVERSE SOLIDUS|⧹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PLUS|⧺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PLUS|⧻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|⧽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY|⧾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINY|⧿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|⨀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED PLUS OPERATOR|⨁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED TIMES OPERATOR|⨂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH DOT|⨃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH PLUS|⨄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE INTERSECTION OPERATOR|⨅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE UNION OPERATOR|⨆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL AND OPERATOR|⨇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL OR OPERATOR|⨈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR|⨉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODULO TWO SUM|⨊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION WITH INTEGRAL|⨋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FINITE PART INTEGRAL|⨍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⨎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AVERAGE WITH SLASH|⨏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCULATION FUNCTION|⨐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE INTEGRATION|⨑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH RECTANGULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH SEMICIRCULAR PATH AROUND POLE|⨓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION NOT INCLUDING THE POLE|⨔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AROUND A POINT OPERATOR|⨕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUATERNION INTEGRAL OPERATOR|⨖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|⨗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH TIMES SIGN|⨘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH INTERSECTION|⨙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNION|⨚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH OVERBAR|⨛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNDERBAR|⨜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOIN|⨝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE LEFT TRIANGLE OPERATOR|⨞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA COMPOSITION|⨟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PIPING|⨠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PROJECTION|⨡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|⨢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ABOVE|⨣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE ABOVE|⨤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE BELOW|⨦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SUBSCRIPT TWO|⨧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH BLACK TRIANGLE|⨨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH COMMA ABOVE|⨩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⨪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH FALLING DOTS|⨫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH RISING DOTS|⨬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT|⨯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE|⨰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR|⨱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT WITH BOTTOM CLOSED|⨲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMASH PRODUCT|⨳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|⨴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|⨵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⨶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|⨷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SIGN|⨸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE|⨻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTHAND INTERIOR PRODUCT|⨽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RELATIONAL COMPOSITION|⨾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMALGAMATION OR COPRODUCT|⨿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH DOT|⩀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH MINUS SIGN|⩁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH OVERBAR|⩂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH OVERBAR|⩃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH LOGICAL AND|⩄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH LOGICAL OR|⩅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE UNION|⩇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE BAR ABOVE INTERSECTION|⩈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE BAR ABOVE UNION|⩉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH UNION|⩊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH INTERSECTION|⩋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS|⩌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED INTERSECTION WITH SERIFS|⩍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE INTERSECTION|⩎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE UNION|⩏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS AND SMASH PRODUCT|⩐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOT ABOVE|⩑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL AND|⩓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL OR|⩔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL AND|⩕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL OR|⩖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE OR|⩗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE AND|⩘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR OVERLAPPING LOGICAL AND|⩙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH MIDDLE STEM|⩛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|⩝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH UNDERBAR|⩟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL VEE WITH UNDERBAR|⩡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|⩢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|⩣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION DOMAIN ANTIRESTRICTION|⩤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RANGE ANTIRESTRICTION|⩥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|⩦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL WITH DOT ABOVE|⩧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH TRIPLE VERTICAL STROKE|⩩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH DOT ABOVE|⩪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH RISING DOTS|⩫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR MINUS SIMILAR|⩬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONGRUENT WITH DOT ABOVE|⩭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS WITH ASTERISK|⩮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|⩯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|⩰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE PLUS SIGN|⩱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⩲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⩳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE COLON EQUAL|⩴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|⩶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE AND TWO DOTS BELOW|⩷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|⩸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⩺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|⩼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|⩾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⩿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|⪀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⪂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE RIGHT|⪃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE LEFT|⪄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|⪆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|⪊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|⪎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN|⪏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN|⪐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|⪒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|⪘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|⪛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|⪜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN|⪝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR GREATER-THAN|⪞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⪡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⪢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN WITH UNDERBAR|⪣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVERLAPPING LESS-THAN|⪤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BESIDE LESS-THAN|⪥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|⪧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|⪩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN|⪪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN|⪫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO|⪭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH BUMPY ABOVE|⪮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|⪰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|⪲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⪴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⪶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|⪺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRECEDES|⪻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUCCEEDS|⪼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH DOT|⪽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH DOT|⪾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⪿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|⫀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|⫂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|⫄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|⫆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|⫈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⫊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|⫌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|⫎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET|⫏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET|⫐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO|⫑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO|⫒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUBSET|⫕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUPERSET|⫖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE SUBSET|⫗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE AND JOINED BY DASH WITH SUBSET|⫘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING DOWNWARDS|⫙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK WITH TEE TOP|⫚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSVERSAL INTERSECTION|⫛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKING|⫝̸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NONFORKING|⫝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT LEFT TACK|⫞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK|⫟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK|⫠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR WITH S|⫡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR TRIPLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|⫢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE|⫣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|⫥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DASH FROM LEFT MEMBER OF DOUBLE VERTICAL|⫦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK WITH OVERBAR|⫧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK WITH UNDERBAR|⫨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK ABOVE SHORT DOWN TACK|⫩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DOWN TACK|⫪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UP TACK|⫫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|⫭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE WITH REVERSED NEGATION SLASH|⫮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|⫯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2AFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK WITH CIRCLE BELOW|⫱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH TILDE OPERATOR|⫳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR BINARY RELATION|⫴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|⫵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR|⫶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN|⫷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|⫸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|⫺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SOLIDUS BINARY RELATION|⫻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR OPERATOR|⫼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|⫽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY WHITE VERTICAL BAR|⫿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST WHITE ARROW|⬂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST WHITE ARROW|⬃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WHITE ARROW|⬄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW|⬇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST BLACK ARROW|⬊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST BLACK ARROW|⬋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT BLACK ARROW|⬌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN BLACK ARROW|⬍}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬎}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B1x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|⬐}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|⬑}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬒}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|⬕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⬖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⬗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH TOP HALF BLACK|⬘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|⬙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SQUARE|⬚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE SQUARE|⬛}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LARGE SQUARE|⬜}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERY SMALL SQUARE|⬞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENTAGON|⬟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B2x
|style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENTAGON|⬠}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEXAGON|⬡}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEXAGON|⬢}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK HEXAGON|⬣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE|⬤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM DIAMOND|⬦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE|⬨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|⬩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|⬪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL LOZENGE|⬫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|⬭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL ELLIPSE|⬯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|⬰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LEFTWARDS ARROWS|⬱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|⬲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|⬳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|⬶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|⬷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|⬸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|⬻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|⬼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⬽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|⬾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY LEFT|⬿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH GREATER-THAN|⭃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUPERSET|⭄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|⭆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⭇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|⭉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|⭊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|⭌}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ZIGZAG ARROW|⭍}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT SLANTED NORTH ARROW|⭎}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW|⭏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B5x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM STAR|⭐}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL STAR|⭑}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL STAR|⭒}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭓}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|⭔}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE|⭕}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OVAL WITH OVAL INSIDE|⭖}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|⭗}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE|⭘}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLED SALTIRE|⭙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HOOKED HEAD|⭚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HOOKED TAIL|⭛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|⭝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|⭟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⭩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|⭭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|⭯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭳}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|⭹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|⭼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|⭽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TAB KEY|⭾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TAB KEY|⭿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|⮃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|⮇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|⮋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED BOTTOM U-SHAPED ARROW|⮍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED LEFT U-SHAPED ARROW|⮎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED TOP U-SHAPED ARROW|⮏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2B9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN LEFT|⮐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN RIGHT|⮑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE LEFT|⮒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE RIGHT|⮓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CORNER ARROWS CIRCLING ANTICLOCKWISE|⮔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK ARROW|⮕}}||style="background:#ddb495"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY ABOVE|⮖}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR TYPE A ELECTRONICS|⮗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D RIGHT-LIGHTED UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D LEFT-LIGHTED DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|⮟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|⮢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|⮣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|⮥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|⮧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|⮪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|⮫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|⮭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|⮯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN LEFT|⮰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT|⮱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP LEFT|⮲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT|⮳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT UP|⮴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT UP|⮵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT DOWN|⮶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT DOWN|⮷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|⮸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD IN A RECTANGLE BOX|⮹}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE SQUARES|⮺}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE AND BLACK SQUARES|⮻}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING BLACK SQUARES|⮼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH LIGHT X|⮽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED X|⮾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOLD X|⮿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#87abff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE CENTRED|⯀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND CENTRED|⯁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK PENTAGON|⯂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK OCTAGON|⯃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK OCTAGON|⯄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|⯈}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE FORM TWO|⯉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF BLACK CIRCLE|⯋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|⯍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|⯏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BDx
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POSITION INDICATOR|⯐}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNCERTAINTY SIGN|⯑}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GROUP MARK|⯒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM TWO|⯓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM THREE|⯔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FOUR|⯕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FIVE|⯖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPLUTO|⯗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROSERPINA|⯘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA|⯙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA|⯚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOLUS|⯛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NESSUS|⯜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MOON SELENA|⯝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND ON CROSS|⯞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE LIGHT MOON ARTA|⯟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPIDO|⯠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HADES|⯡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEUS|⯢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KRONOS|⯣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOLLON|⯤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMETOS|⯥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULCANUS|⯦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSEIDON|⯧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK STAR|⯨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK STAR|⯩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|⯪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|⯫}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯬}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯭}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯮}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|⯯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2BFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM ONE|⯰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM TWO|⯱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEDNA|⯲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL VIGINTILE|⯳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL NOVILE|⯴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL QUINTILE|⯵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL BINOVILE|⯶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL SENTAGON|⯷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL TREDECILE|⯸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY BELOW|⯹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNITED SYMBOL|⯺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED SYMBOL|⯻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED SYMBOL|⯼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSED SYMBOL|⯽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RIGHT ANGLE|⯾}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HELLSCHREIBER PAUSE SYMBOL|⯿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU|Ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY|Ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE|Ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI|Ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO|Ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU|Ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE|Ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|Ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA|Ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE|Ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|Ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I|Ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI|Ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO|Ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE|Ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE|Ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI|Ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU|Ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI|Ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI|Ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO|Ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO|Ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU|Ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU|Ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU|Ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU|Ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|Ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA|Ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI|Ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI|Ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|Ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|Ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI|Ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI|Ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA|Ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|Ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS|Ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|Ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO|Ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|Ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|Ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|Ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|Ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|Ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC|Ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|Ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|Ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|Ⱟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU|ⰰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY|ⰱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE|ⰲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI|ⰳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO|ⰴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU|ⰵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE|ⰶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|ⰷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA|ⰸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE|ⰹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|ⰺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I|ⰻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI|ⰼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO|ⰽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE|ⰾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE|ⰿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI|ⱀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU|ⱁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI|ⱂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI|ⱃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO|ⱄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO|ⱅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU|ⱆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU|ⱇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU|ⱈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU|ⱉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE|ⱊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA|ⱋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI|ⱌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI|ⱍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA|ⱎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU|ⱏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI|ⱐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI|ⱑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA|ⱒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU|ⱓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS|ⱔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|ⱕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO|ⱖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|ⱗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|ⱘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|ⱙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA|ⱚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|ⱛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC|ⱜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|ⱝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|ⱞ}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|ⱟ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-C'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|Ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|ⱡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|Ɫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE|Ᵽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TAIL|Ɽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE|ⱥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|ⱦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|Ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|ⱨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|Ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|ⱪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|Ⱬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|ⱬ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|Ɑ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH HOOK|Ɱ}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A|Ɐ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C7x
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|Ɒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK|ⱱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH HOOK|Ⱳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH HOOK|ⱳ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH CURL|ⱴ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HALF H|Ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF H|ⱶ}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI|ⱷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH NOTCH|ⱸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH TAIL|ⱹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE|ⱺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E|ⱻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER J|ⱼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL V|ⱽ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|Ȿ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|Ɀ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Coptic'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA|Ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA|ⲁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA|Ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA|ⲃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|Ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA|ⲅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA|Ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA|ⲇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE|Ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE|ⲉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU|Ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU|ⲋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA|Ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA|ⲍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE|Ⲏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE|ⲏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2C9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE|Ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE|ⲑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA|Ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA|ⲓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA|Ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA|ⲕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA|Ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA|ⲗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI|Ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI|ⲙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI|Ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI|ⲛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|Ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI|ⲝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O|Ⲟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER O|ⲟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI|Ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI|ⲡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO|Ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO|ⲣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA|Ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA|ⲥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU|Ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU|ⲧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA|Ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA|ⲩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI|Ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI|ⲫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI|Ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI|ⲭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|Ⲯ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI|ⲯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU|Ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU|ⲱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|Ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|ⲳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|Ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|ⲵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|Ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|ⲷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|Ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|ⲹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|Ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|ⲻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|Ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|ⲽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|Ⲿ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|ⲿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI|Ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI|ⳁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|Ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|ⳃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|Ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|ⳅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|Ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|ⳇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|Ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|ⳉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|Ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|ⳋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|Ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|ⳍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|Ⳏ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|ⳏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|Ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|ⳑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|Ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|ⳓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|Ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|ⳕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|Ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|ⳗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|Ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|ⳙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|Ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|ⳛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|Ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|ⳝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|Ⳟ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|ⳟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|Ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|ⳡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|Ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|ⳣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KAI|ⳤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO|⳥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO|⳦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS|⳧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO|⳨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO|⳩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA|⳪}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|Ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|ⳬ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|Ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|ⳮ}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE| ⳯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2CFx
|style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER| ⳰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS| ⳱}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|Ⳳ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|ⳳ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP|⳹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK|⳻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER|⳼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF|⳽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FULL STOP|⳾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER|⳿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AN|ⴀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER BAN|ⴁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GAN|ⴂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER DON|ⴃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER EN|ⴄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER VIN|ⴅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZEN|ⴆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAN|ⴇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER IN|ⴈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KAN|ⴉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER LAS|ⴊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER MAN|ⴋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER NAR|ⴌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ON|ⴍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PAR|ⴎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZHAR|ⴏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER RAE|ⴐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SAN|ⴑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAR|ⴒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER UN|ⴓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PHAR|ⴔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KHAR|ⴕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN|ⴖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER QAR|ⴗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SHIN|ⴘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHIN|ⴙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CAN|ⴚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JIL|ⴛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CIL|ⴜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHAR|ⴝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER XAN|ⴞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JHAN|ⴟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D2x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAE|ⴠ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HE|ⴡ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HIE|ⴢ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER WE|ⴣ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAR|ⴤ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HOE|ⴥ}}|| ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER YN|ⴧ}}|| || || || || ||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AEN|ⴭ}}|| ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tifinagh'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YA|ⴰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAB|ⴱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YABH|ⴲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAG|ⴳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH|ⴴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ|ⴵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ|ⴶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAD|ⴷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADH|ⴸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADD|ⴹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH|ⴺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YEY|ⴻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAF|ⴼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAK|ⴽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK|ⴾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH|ⴿ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAH|ⵀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH|ⵁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH|ⵂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH|ⵃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAA|ⵄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH|ⵅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH|ⵆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ|ⵇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ|ⵈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YI|ⵉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH|ⵊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH|ⵋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH|ⵌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAL|ⵍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAM|ⵎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAN|ⵏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN|ⵐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG|ⵑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAP|ⵒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YU|ⵓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAR|ⵔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YARR|ⵕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH|ⵖ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH|ⵗ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH|ⵘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAS|ⵙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASS|ⵚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASH|ⵛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAT|ⵜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATH|ⵝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YACH|ⵞ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATT|ⵟ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAV|ⵠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAW|ⵡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAY|ⵢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ|ⵣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ|ⵤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ|ⵥ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YE|ⵦ}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YO|ⵧ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK|ⵯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D7x
|style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK|⵰}}|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER| ⵿}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LOA|ⶀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MOA|ⶁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ROA|ⶂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SOA|ⶃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHOA|ⶄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BOA|ⶅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TOA|ⶆ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE COA|ⶇ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NOA|ⶈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYOA|ⶉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL OA|ⶊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZOA|ⶋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DOA|ⶌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDOA|ⶍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JOA|ⶎ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THOA|ⶏ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2D9x
|style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHOA|ⶐ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHOA|ⶑ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE POA|ⶒ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWA|ⶓ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWI|ⶔ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWEE|ⶕ}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWE|ⶖ}}|| || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSA|ⶠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSU|ⶡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSI|ⶢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSAA|ⶣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSEE|ⶤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSE|ⶥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSO|ⶦ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCA|ⶨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCU|ⶩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCI|ⶪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCAA|ⶫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCEE|ⶬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCE|ⶭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCO|ⶮ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZA|ⶰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZU|ⶱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZI|ⶲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZAA|ⶳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZEE|ⶴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZE|ⶵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZO|ⶶ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHA|ⶸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHU|ⶹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHI|ⶺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHAA|ⶻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHEE|ⶼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHE|ⶽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHO|ⶾ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYA|ⷀ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYU|ⷁ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYI|ⷂ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYAA|ⷃ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYEE|ⷄ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYE|ⷅ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYO|ⷆ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYA|ⷈ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYU|ⷉ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYI|ⷊ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYAA|ⷋ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYEE|ⷌ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYE|ⷍ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYO|ⷎ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYA|ⷐ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYU|ⷑ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYI|ⷒ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYAA|ⷓ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYEE|ⷔ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYE|ⷕ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYO|ⷖ}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYA|ⷘ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYU|ⷙ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYI|ⷚ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYAA|ⷛ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYEE|ⷜ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYE|ⷝ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYO|ⷞ}}||style="background:#777777"|
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BE| ⷠ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER VE| ⷡ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER GHE| ⷢ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DE| ⷣ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZHE| ⷤ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZE| ⷥ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER KA| ⷦ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EL| ⷧ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EM| ⷨ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EN| ⷩ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O| ⷪ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER PE| ⷫ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ER| ⷬ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES| ⷭ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TE| ⷮ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HA| ⷯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2DFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TSE| ⷰ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER CHE| ⷱ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHA| ⷲ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHCHA| ⷳ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER FITA| ⷴ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES-TE| ⷵ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER A| ⷶ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IE| ⷷ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DJERV| ⷸ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER MONOGRAPH UK| ⷹ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YAT| ⷺ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YU| ⷻ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A| ⷼ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER LITTLE YUS| ⷽ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BIG YUS| ⷾ}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS| ⷿ}}
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Punctuation'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE DOTTED SUBSTITUTION MARKER|⸁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|⸅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOTTED INTERPOLATION MARKER|⸇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED TRANSPOSITION MARKER|⸈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|⸊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SQUARE|⸋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|⸍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EDITORIAL CORONIS|⸎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHOS| ⸏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS| ⸑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPODIASTOLE|⸒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED OBELOS|⸓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ANCORA|⸔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ANCORA|⸕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE|⸖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⸗}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED INTERROBANG|⸘}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM BRANCH|⸙}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS|⸚}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH RING ABOVE|⸛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|⸝}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE|⸞}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT BELOW|⸟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|⸡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT HALF BRACKET|⸤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT HALF BRACKET|⸥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|⸧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|⸩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|⸪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|⸫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|⸬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT MARK|⸭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED QUESTION MARK|⸮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TILDE|ⸯ}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E3x
|style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING POINT|⸰}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT|⸱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED COMMA|⸲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOT|⸳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED COMMA|⸴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SEMICOLON|⸵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH LEFT GUARD|⸶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH RIGHT GUARD|⸷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DAGGER|⸸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF SECTION SIGN|⸹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-EM DASH|⸺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-EM DASH|⸻}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|⸼}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL SIX DOTS|⸽}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY VERTICAL LINE|⸾}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPITULUM|⸿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E4x
|style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HYPHEN|⹀}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED COMMA|⹁}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|⹂}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH WITH LEFT UPTURN|⹃}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUSPENSION MARK|⹄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA|⹅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA WITH KAVYKA ABOVE|⹆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA|⹇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA WITH DOT|⹈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STACKED COMMA|⹉}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SOLIDUS|⹊}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE DAGGER|⹋}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL COMMA|⹌}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHUS MARK|⹍}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUS ELEVATUS MARK|⹎}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORNISH VERSE DIVIDER|⹏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E5x
|style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH RIGHT CROSSBAR|⹐}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|⹑}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN CAPITAL ET|⹒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL EXCLAMATION MARK|⹓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL QUESTION MARK|⹔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|⹖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|⹘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|⹛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|⹜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE HYPHEN|⹝}}||style="background:#777777"| ||style="background:#777777"|
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E6x
|style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹠}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED WIGGLY EXCLAMATION MARK|⹡}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹢}}||style="background:#c8a36f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS WITH MIDDLE RING|⹣}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Radicals Supplement'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL REPEAT|⺀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLIFF|⺁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND ONE|⺂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND TWO|⺃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE|⺄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PERSON|⺅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOX|⺆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TABLE|⺇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE|⺈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE TWO|⺉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DIVINATION|⺊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SEAL|⺋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE|⺌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL TWO|⺍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME ONE|⺎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME TWO|⺏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME THREE|⺐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME FOUR|⺑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNAKE|⺒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL THREAD|⺓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT ONE|⺔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT TWO|⺕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART ONE|⺖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART TWO|⺗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HAND|⺘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAP|⺙}}||style="background:#777777"| ||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CHOKE|⺛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SUN|⺜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOON|⺝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DEATH|⺞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOTHER|⺟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN|⺠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER ONE|⺡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER TWO|⺢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FIRE|⺣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW ONE|⺤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW TWO|⺥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HALF TREE TRUNK|⺦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL COW|⺧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DOG|⺨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL JADE|⺩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⺪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EYE|⺫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT ONE|⺬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT TWO|⺭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BAMBOO|⺮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SILK|⺯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SILK|⺰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET ONE|⺱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET TWO|⺲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET THREE|⺳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET FOUR|⺴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MESH|⺵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SHEEP|⺶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAM|⺷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EWE|⺸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL OLD|⺹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE|⺺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO|⺻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MEAT|⺼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MORTAR|⺽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE|⺾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO|⺿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2ECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE|⻀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TIGER|⻁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLOTHES|⻂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST ONE|⻃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST TWO|⻄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE|⻅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN|⻆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HORN|⻇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH|⻈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL|⻉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FOOT|⻊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART|⻋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK|⻌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK ONE|⻍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK TWO|⻎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CITY|⻏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD|⻐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG ONE|⻑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG TWO|⻒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG|⻓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE|⻔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE|⻕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO|⻖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAIN|⻗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BLUE|⻘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER|⻙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF|⻚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND|⻛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY|⻜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT ONE|⻝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT TWO|⻞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT THREE|⻟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT|⻠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEAD|⻡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE|⻢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BONE|⻣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GHOST|⻤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH|⻥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD|⻦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT|⻧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT|⻨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW|⻩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG|⻪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|⻬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|⻮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2EFx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|⻰}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TURTLE|⻱}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻲}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|⻳}}|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kangxi Radicals'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONE|⼀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LINE|⼁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOT|⼂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLASH|⼃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SECOND|⼄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HOOK|⼅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO|⼆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LID|⼇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MAN|⼈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEGS|⼉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENTER|⼊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT|⼋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX|⼌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COVER|⼍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ICE|⼎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TABLE|⼏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX|⼐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE|⼑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL POWER|⼒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRAP|⼓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPOON|⼔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX|⼕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE|⼖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TEN|⼗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION|⼘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEAL|⼙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF|⼚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE|⼛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN|⼜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH|⼝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE|⼞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EARTH|⼟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR|⼠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO|⼡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY|⼢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVENING|⼣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIG|⼤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN|⼥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CHILD|⼦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ROOF|⼧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INCH|⼨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SMALL|⼩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LAME|⼪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE|⼫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT|⼬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN|⼭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIVER|⼮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WORK|⼯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF|⼰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN|⼱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRY|⼲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD|⼳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF|⼴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE|⼵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS|⼶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT|⼷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOW|⼸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT|⼹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE|⼺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEP|⼻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEART|⼼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD|⼽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOOR|⼾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAND|⼿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH|⽀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAP|⽁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT|⽂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER|⽃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AXE|⽄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE|⽅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOT|⽆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SUN|⽇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SAY|⽈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOON|⽉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TREE|⽊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LACK|⽋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOP|⽌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEATH|⽍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON|⽎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT|⽏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE|⽐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FUR|⽑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAN|⽒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEAM|⽓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WATER|⽔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIRE|⽕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAW|⽖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FATHER|⽗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X|⽘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK|⽙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLICE|⽚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FANG|⽛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COW|⽜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOG|⽝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND|⽞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JADE|⽟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MELON|⽠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TILE|⽡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SWEET|⽢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LIFE|⽣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL USE|⽤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIELD|⽥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|⽦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS|⽧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT|⽨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHITE|⽩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SKIN|⽪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISH|⽫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EYE|⽬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR|⽭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARROW|⽮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STONE|⽯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT|⽰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRACK|⽱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN|⽲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAVE|⽳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STAND|⽴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO|⽵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RICE|⽶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SILK|⽷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JAR|⽸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NET|⽹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP|⽺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER|⽻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OLD|⽼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AND|⽽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PLOW|⽾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAR|⽿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH|⾀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MEAT|⾁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER|⾂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SELF|⾃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE|⾄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR|⾅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE|⾆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE|⾇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOAT|⾈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING|⾉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COLOR|⾊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRASS|⾋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TIGER|⾌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INSECT|⾍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD|⾎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE|⾏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2F9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES|⾐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEST|⾑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEE|⾒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORN|⾓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH|⾔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY|⾕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BEAN|⾖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PIG|⾗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BADGER|⾘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHELL|⾙}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RED|⾚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RUN|⾛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FOOT|⾜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BODY|⾝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CART|⾞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BITTER|⾟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORNING|⾠}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK|⾡}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CITY|⾢}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WINE|⾣}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH|⾤}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE|⾥}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GOLD|⾦}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG|⾧}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GATE|⾨}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUND|⾩}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE|⾪}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD|⾫}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAIN|⾬}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLUE|⾭}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRONG|⾮}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FACE|⾯}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER|⾰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER|⾱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEEK|⾲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SOUND|⾳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEAF|⾴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WIND|⾵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLY|⾶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAT|⾷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEAD|⾸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT|⾹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORSE|⾺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BONE|⾻}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TALL|⾼}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAIR|⾽}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT|⾾}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE|⾿}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON|⿀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GHOST|⿁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FISH|⿂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIRD|⿃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SALT|⿄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEER|⿅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT|⿆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEMP|⿇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW|⿈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MILLET|⿉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLACK|⿊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY|⿋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FROG|⿌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD|⿍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRUM|⿎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAT|⿏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|2FDx
|style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOSE|⿐}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVEN|⿑}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH|⿒}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON|⿓}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE|⿔}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE|⿕}}|| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters Supplement'''
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| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63"
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|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT|⿰}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW|⿱}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT|⿲}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW|⿳}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND|⿴}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE|⿵}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW|⿶}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT|⿷}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT|⿸}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT|⿹}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT|⿺}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID|⿻}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM RIGHT|⿼}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER RIGHT|⿽}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER HORIZONTAL REFLECTION|⿾}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ROTATION|⿿}}
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}
eo9bgop9cco2sjvyzsg6p84d987c1dd
Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance
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ArchiverBot
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Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 50 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2026/April]]
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__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:TECH}} {{TOC left}}
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Welcome to the '''Technical Assistance reading room'''. Get assistance on questions related to [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] markup, CSS, JavaScript, and such as they relate to Wikibooks. '''This is not a general-purpose technical support room'''.
To submit a ''bug notice or feature request'' for the MediaWiki software, visit [[phabricator:|Phabricator]].
To get more information about the ''MediaWiki software'', or to download your own copy, visit [[mw:|MediaWiki]]
There are also two IRC channels for technical help: {{Channel|mediawiki}} for issues about the software, and {{channel|mediawiki-core}} for [[m:WMF|WMF]] server or configuration issues.
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]
== plainlist and unbulleted list ==
Hi,<br>
The plainlist and unbulleted list templates don't work in a sandbox. [[User:PeterEasthope/sandbox|PeterEasthope/sandbox]] for example. What is the simplest solution?<br>
Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 17:04, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: The unbulleted list relies on a module, and the plainlist relies on a TemplateStyles CSS page. What were you trying to test on your sandbox? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:47, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Aiming to make a list without bullets. Whether it works by a module or a template or some other device is probably not a significant concern. Certainly a list is needed rather than empty space. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 21:29, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: The plain list works; the thing is, I believe the span class tags might be conflicting with that plain list, possibly... [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Yes, thanks. Removed some span tags to test. Lines without span tags are displayed. If you see a way to have a background color for a string within a list, please let me know. Otherwise I think of making the list with line breaks rather than a template.<br>
::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:35, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
== Is this CSS code necessary? ==
Is this line of CSS code on [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] necessary? What this does is that it removes the comment box when looking at the edit/book review interface. Is this currently needed?
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">
/* Hack to remove comment box for FlaggedRevs, since we seem unable to remove it from configuration. */
#mw-fr-commentbox { display:none; }
label[for="mw-fr-commentbox"]{display: none;}
</syntaxhighlight> [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:18, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
== Button text issue ==
When you edit a page, the edit dialog says 'By clicking the "Save Page" button, you are agreeing to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use|Terms of Use]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy|Privacy Policy]]', but button for saving says "Publish changes" rather than "Save Page". Please change 'By clicking the "Save Page" button, you are agreeing to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use|Terms of Use]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy|Privacy Policy]]' to 'By clicking the "Publish changes" button, you are agreeing to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use|Terms of Use]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy|Privacy Policy]]', so that it matches the button text. There should be a page in the MediaWiki namespace that we can edit to fix this issue. [[User:TTWIDEE|TTWIDEE]] ([[User talk:TTWIDEE|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TTWIDEE|contribs]]) 20:20, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}, see [[Special:Diff/4636593]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:08, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
aap7tbrhsgo30rm82edxhfuunj30883
Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance
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~2026-31019-67
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/* CEO */ new section
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__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
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{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].<br />''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''. You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.
You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say <code>!admin</code> to get attention).
For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]
== No data in page linked to by Wikidata ==
The page, [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSSH/Third_Party_Utilities OpenSSH: Third Party Utilities] has no data and thus should not be linked to from [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139625509 Q139625509] How can the link be deleted? Thanks. [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:06, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139611668 and Q139611580. All three links should be deleted / removed as the destination pages in the en.wikibook do not have any data but instead normal prose. - [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139806271, Q139806269, Q139806266, Q139806265, Q139806264, Q139806263, Q139806262, Q139806261, Q139806260, Q139806258, Q139806256, Q139806255, Q139625509, Q139611668, and Q139611580. There seems to be some new kind of vandalism going on. Perhaps there is a better page to report it on instead of this one? • [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 17:37, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] Given that this situation is happening on Wikidata, there is nothing that English Wikibooks admins can do. Please report this matter to the Wikidata administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:13, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-28014-44 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|~2026-28014-44}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-28014-44/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:02, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I blocked the underlying range. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:40, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7}}
Long-term abuse. Spam / spambot. [[Special:CentralAuth/OmranTokhi7]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:25, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}}. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 04:29, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Can't log in :( ==
Xania here. I am logged in on Wikipedia but can't log in here even though it has always been automatic when switching between the two. Wikibooks seems to want me to authenticate myself via my authenticator app which I have not done before. Allows me to also use a recovery code which I do not have. How do I log in guys? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:15, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: I believe it might be the CheckUser permission requiring 2FA (on parity with interface administrators and oversighters) as that group has restrictions. You might need to temporarily request to the [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards]] to remove CU access from your account to enable 2FA; however, since this project only has 2 CUs, [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]'s CU rights would be temporarily suspended. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: Thanks, I've left a notice on the Steward's board.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:59, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::This happened before when your CU rights were removed because you hadn't enrolled in 2FA. I presume you must have enrolled to get the CU rights back. Are you really sure you've never used any authenticator here? [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:MarcGarver#Check_User previous discussion] from last year [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks. Good to know. I had completely forgotten that discussion. I will have to install some old authenticators and see which works.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 17:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: Logged in finally. Seems I had recovery codes (totally forgotten about them) saved but no authenticator so each time I log in I'll need to use the codes.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:54, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
== Cs24jam2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Cs24jam2}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/Cs24jam2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:54, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} by @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
== Mnckhagaul reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mnckhagaul}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mnckhagaul/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:35, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== Vrindavanmathuratourpackages reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vrindavanmathuratourpackages}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Vrindavanmathuratourpackages/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:28, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
== Shawndavidsonosp2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Shawndavidsonosp2}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312343]], [[Special:AbuseLog/312344]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Shawndavidsonosp2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:This is not a spam. Its a discussion topic on Healthcare Software Development [[User:Shawndavidsonosp2|Shawndavidsonosp2]] ([[User talk:Shawndavidsonosp2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shawndavidsonosp2|contribs]]) 13:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (CU request) User:Shawndavidsonosp2 & User:Lunasora33 made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Information_Technology_and_Ethics/IT_and_Healthcare&diff=prev&oldid=4636437], [https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com])
: {{ping|MarcGarver|SHB2000}} [[Special:CentralAuth/Rachvictor05]] & [[Special:CentralAuth/Emma_Joseph_Swift]] (Locked) also made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com]) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:46, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
::Clearly promotional accounts, both blocked. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:::and their spam domain added to the blacklist [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:02, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Banibrotechnologies reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Banibrotechnologies}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Banibrotechnologies/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Texasanne12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Texasanne12}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312336]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Texasanne12/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
== [[User:Me Lendroz]] (CU request) ==
{{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (this is related to previous CU, [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/August#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]]) <br>
I found [[Special:Contributions/CarlessParking]] editing the user page of [[User:Me Lendroz]]. What do our CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:It's an obvious sock of Jay Bolero not least because the account has posted "my name is Karl Basallote" everywhere and "Basallote" matches the previous sock. I've blocked CarlessParking as this is an abusive use of multiple accounts. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:57, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Sharmasejal reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Sharmasejal}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312466]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Sharmasejal/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:12, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:28, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
== CEO ==
@[[User:Microsoft|Microsoft]] [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31019-67|~2026-31019-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-31019-67|talk]]) 22:38, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
myawp9vx8khm3zqrjbqy9jh5sx29dug
4637335
4637334
2026-05-23T22:39:09Z
~2026-31019-67
3593313
/* CEO */ Reply
4637335
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
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{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].<br />''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''. You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.
You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say <code>!admin</code> to get attention).
For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]
== No data in page linked to by Wikidata ==
The page, [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSSH/Third_Party_Utilities OpenSSH: Third Party Utilities] has no data and thus should not be linked to from [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139625509 Q139625509] How can the link be deleted? Thanks. [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:06, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139611668 and Q139611580. All three links should be deleted / removed as the destination pages in the en.wikibook do not have any data but instead normal prose. - [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139806271, Q139806269, Q139806266, Q139806265, Q139806264, Q139806263, Q139806262, Q139806261, Q139806260, Q139806258, Q139806256, Q139806255, Q139625509, Q139611668, and Q139611580. There seems to be some new kind of vandalism going on. Perhaps there is a better page to report it on instead of this one? • [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 17:37, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] Given that this situation is happening on Wikidata, there is nothing that English Wikibooks admins can do. Please report this matter to the Wikidata administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:13, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-28014-44 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|~2026-28014-44}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-28014-44/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:02, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I blocked the underlying range. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:40, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7}}
Long-term abuse. Spam / spambot. [[Special:CentralAuth/OmranTokhi7]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:25, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}}. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 04:29, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Can't log in :( ==
Xania here. I am logged in on Wikipedia but can't log in here even though it has always been automatic when switching between the two. Wikibooks seems to want me to authenticate myself via my authenticator app which I have not done before. Allows me to also use a recovery code which I do not have. How do I log in guys? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:15, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: I believe it might be the CheckUser permission requiring 2FA (on parity with interface administrators and oversighters) as that group has restrictions. You might need to temporarily request to the [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards]] to remove CU access from your account to enable 2FA; however, since this project only has 2 CUs, [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]'s CU rights would be temporarily suspended. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: Thanks, I've left a notice on the Steward's board.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:59, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::This happened before when your CU rights were removed because you hadn't enrolled in 2FA. I presume you must have enrolled to get the CU rights back. Are you really sure you've never used any authenticator here? [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:MarcGarver#Check_User previous discussion] from last year [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks. Good to know. I had completely forgotten that discussion. I will have to install some old authenticators and see which works.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 17:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: Logged in finally. Seems I had recovery codes (totally forgotten about them) saved but no authenticator so each time I log in I'll need to use the codes.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:54, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
== Cs24jam2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Cs24jam2}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/Cs24jam2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:54, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} by @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
== Mnckhagaul reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mnckhagaul}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mnckhagaul/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:35, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== Vrindavanmathuratourpackages reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vrindavanmathuratourpackages}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Vrindavanmathuratourpackages/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:28, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
== Shawndavidsonosp2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Shawndavidsonosp2}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312343]], [[Special:AbuseLog/312344]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Shawndavidsonosp2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:This is not a spam. Its a discussion topic on Healthcare Software Development [[User:Shawndavidsonosp2|Shawndavidsonosp2]] ([[User talk:Shawndavidsonosp2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shawndavidsonosp2|contribs]]) 13:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (CU request) User:Shawndavidsonosp2 & User:Lunasora33 made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Information_Technology_and_Ethics/IT_and_Healthcare&diff=prev&oldid=4636437], [https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com])
: {{ping|MarcGarver|SHB2000}} [[Special:CentralAuth/Rachvictor05]] & [[Special:CentralAuth/Emma_Joseph_Swift]] (Locked) also made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com]) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:46, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
::Clearly promotional accounts, both blocked. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:::and their spam domain added to the blacklist [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:02, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Banibrotechnologies reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Banibrotechnologies}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Banibrotechnologies/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Texasanne12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Texasanne12}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312336]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Texasanne12/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
== [[User:Me Lendroz]] (CU request) ==
{{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (this is related to previous CU, [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/August#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]]) <br>
I found [[Special:Contributions/CarlessParking]] editing the user page of [[User:Me Lendroz]]. What do our CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:It's an obvious sock of Jay Bolero not least because the account has posted "my name is Karl Basallote" everywhere and "Basallote" matches the previous sock. I've blocked CarlessParking as this is an abusive use of multiple accounts. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:57, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Sharmasejal reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Sharmasejal}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312466]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Sharmasejal/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:12, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:28, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
== CEO ==
@[[User:Microsoft|Microsoft]] [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31019-67|~2026-31019-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-31019-67|talk]]) 22:38, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
:(vu-minh-chien [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31019-67|~2026-31019-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-31019-67|talk]]) 22:39, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
40e7mkdrt011p2pb6hx558o0gyr0jov
4637336
4637335
2026-05-23T22:39:10Z
Codename Noreste
3441010
[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31019-67|~2026-31019-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-31019-67|talk]]) to last version by ArchiverBot
4637140
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
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}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].<br />''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''. You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.
You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say <code>!admin</code> to get attention).
For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]
== No data in page linked to by Wikidata ==
The page, [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSSH/Third_Party_Utilities OpenSSH: Third Party Utilities] has no data and thus should not be linked to from [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139625509 Q139625509] How can the link be deleted? Thanks. [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:06, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139611668 and Q139611580. All three links should be deleted / removed as the destination pages in the en.wikibook do not have any data but instead normal prose. - [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139806271, Q139806269, Q139806266, Q139806265, Q139806264, Q139806263, Q139806262, Q139806261, Q139806260, Q139806258, Q139806256, Q139806255, Q139625509, Q139611668, and Q139611580. There seems to be some new kind of vandalism going on. Perhaps there is a better page to report it on instead of this one? • [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 17:37, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] Given that this situation is happening on Wikidata, there is nothing that English Wikibooks admins can do. Please report this matter to the Wikidata administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:13, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-28014-44 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|~2026-28014-44}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-28014-44/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:02, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I blocked the underlying range. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:40, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7}}
Long-term abuse. Spam / spambot. [[Special:CentralAuth/OmranTokhi7]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:25, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}}. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 04:29, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Can't log in :( ==
Xania here. I am logged in on Wikipedia but can't log in here even though it has always been automatic when switching between the two. Wikibooks seems to want me to authenticate myself via my authenticator app which I have not done before. Allows me to also use a recovery code which I do not have. How do I log in guys? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:15, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: I believe it might be the CheckUser permission requiring 2FA (on parity with interface administrators and oversighters) as that group has restrictions. You might need to temporarily request to the [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards]] to remove CU access from your account to enable 2FA; however, since this project only has 2 CUs, [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]'s CU rights would be temporarily suspended. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: Thanks, I've left a notice on the Steward's board.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:59, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::This happened before when your CU rights were removed because you hadn't enrolled in 2FA. I presume you must have enrolled to get the CU rights back. Are you really sure you've never used any authenticator here? [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:MarcGarver#Check_User previous discussion] from last year [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks. Good to know. I had completely forgotten that discussion. I will have to install some old authenticators and see which works.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 17:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: Logged in finally. Seems I had recovery codes (totally forgotten about them) saved but no authenticator so each time I log in I'll need to use the codes.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:54, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
== Cs24jam2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Cs24jam2}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/Cs24jam2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:54, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} by @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
== Mnckhagaul reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mnckhagaul}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mnckhagaul/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:35, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== Vrindavanmathuratourpackages reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vrindavanmathuratourpackages}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Vrindavanmathuratourpackages/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:28, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
== Shawndavidsonosp2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Shawndavidsonosp2}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312343]], [[Special:AbuseLog/312344]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Shawndavidsonosp2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:This is not a spam. Its a discussion topic on Healthcare Software Development [[User:Shawndavidsonosp2|Shawndavidsonosp2]] ([[User talk:Shawndavidsonosp2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shawndavidsonosp2|contribs]]) 13:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (CU request) User:Shawndavidsonosp2 & User:Lunasora33 made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Information_Technology_and_Ethics/IT_and_Healthcare&diff=prev&oldid=4636437], [https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com])
: {{ping|MarcGarver|SHB2000}} [[Special:CentralAuth/Rachvictor05]] & [[Special:CentralAuth/Emma_Joseph_Swift]] (Locked) also made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com]) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:46, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
::Clearly promotional accounts, both blocked. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:::and their spam domain added to the blacklist [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:02, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Banibrotechnologies reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Banibrotechnologies}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Banibrotechnologies/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Texasanne12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Texasanne12}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312336]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Texasanne12/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
== [[User:Me Lendroz]] (CU request) ==
{{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (this is related to previous CU, [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/August#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]]) <br>
I found [[Special:Contributions/CarlessParking]] editing the user page of [[User:Me Lendroz]]. What do our CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:It's an obvious sock of Jay Bolero not least because the account has posted "my name is Karl Basallote" everywhere and "Basallote" matches the previous sock. I've blocked CarlessParking as this is an abusive use of multiple accounts. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:57, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Sharmasejal reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Sharmasejal}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312466]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Sharmasejal/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:12, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:28, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
efyje4p5mge2svnohx2wcf4ktqqkwgb
4637355
4637336
2026-05-24T04:26:27Z
MathXplore
3097823
Reporting Abbeypartyrental
4637355
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
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}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].<br />''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''. You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.
You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say <code>!admin</code> to get attention).
For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]
== No data in page linked to by Wikidata ==
The page, [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSSH/Third_Party_Utilities OpenSSH: Third Party Utilities] has no data and thus should not be linked to from [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139625509 Q139625509] How can the link be deleted? Thanks. [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:06, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139611668 and Q139611580. All three links should be deleted / removed as the destination pages in the en.wikibook do not have any data but instead normal prose. - [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139806271, Q139806269, Q139806266, Q139806265, Q139806264, Q139806263, Q139806262, Q139806261, Q139806260, Q139806258, Q139806256, Q139806255, Q139625509, Q139611668, and Q139611580. There seems to be some new kind of vandalism going on. Perhaps there is a better page to report it on instead of this one? • [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 17:37, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] Given that this situation is happening on Wikidata, there is nothing that English Wikibooks admins can do. Please report this matter to the Wikidata administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:13, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-28014-44 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|~2026-28014-44}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-28014-44/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:02, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I blocked the underlying range. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:40, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7}}
Long-term abuse. Spam / spambot. [[Special:CentralAuth/OmranTokhi7]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Omran Tokhi Nickname OT7/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:25, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}}. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 04:29, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Can't log in :( ==
Xania here. I am logged in on Wikipedia but can't log in here even though it has always been automatic when switching between the two. Wikibooks seems to want me to authenticate myself via my authenticator app which I have not done before. Allows me to also use a recovery code which I do not have. How do I log in guys? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:15, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: I believe it might be the CheckUser permission requiring 2FA (on parity with interface administrators and oversighters) as that group has restrictions. You might need to temporarily request to the [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards]] to remove CU access from your account to enable 2FA; however, since this project only has 2 CUs, [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]'s CU rights would be temporarily suspended. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: Thanks, I've left a notice on the Steward's board.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:59, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::This happened before when your CU rights were removed because you hadn't enrolled in 2FA. I presume you must have enrolled to get the CU rights back. Are you really sure you've never used any authenticator here? [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:MarcGarver#Check_User previous discussion] from last year [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks. Good to know. I had completely forgotten that discussion. I will have to install some old authenticators and see which works.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 17:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: Logged in finally. Seems I had recovery codes (totally forgotten about them) saved but no authenticator so each time I log in I'll need to use the codes.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:54, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
== Cs24jam2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Cs24jam2}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/Cs24jam2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:54, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} by @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
== Mnckhagaul reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mnckhagaul}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mnckhagaul/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:35, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== Vrindavanmathuratourpackages reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vrindavanmathuratourpackages}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Vrindavanmathuratourpackages/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:28, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
== Shawndavidsonosp2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Shawndavidsonosp2}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312343]], [[Special:AbuseLog/312344]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Shawndavidsonosp2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:This is not a spam. Its a discussion topic on Healthcare Software Development [[User:Shawndavidsonosp2|Shawndavidsonosp2]] ([[User talk:Shawndavidsonosp2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shawndavidsonosp2|contribs]]) 13:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (CU request) User:Shawndavidsonosp2 & User:Lunasora33 made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Information_Technology_and_Ethics/IT_and_Healthcare&diff=prev&oldid=4636437], [https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com])
: {{ping|MarcGarver|SHB2000}} [[Special:CentralAuth/Rachvictor05]] & [[Special:CentralAuth/Emma_Joseph_Swift]] (Locked) also made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com]) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:46, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
::Clearly promotional accounts, both blocked. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:::and their spam domain added to the blacklist [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:02, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Banibrotechnologies reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Banibrotechnologies}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Banibrotechnologies/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Texasanne12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Texasanne12}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312336]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Texasanne12/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
== [[User:Me Lendroz]] (CU request) ==
{{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (this is related to previous CU, [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/August#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]]) <br>
I found [[Special:Contributions/CarlessParking]] editing the user page of [[User:Me Lendroz]]. What do our CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:It's an obvious sock of Jay Bolero not least because the account has posted "my name is Karl Basallote" everywhere and "Basallote" matches the previous sock. I've blocked CarlessParking as this is an abusive use of multiple accounts. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:57, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Sharmasejal reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Sharmasejal}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312466]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Sharmasejal/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:12, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:28, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
== Abbeypartyrental reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Abbeypartyrental}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Abbeypartyrental/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:26, 24 May 2026 (UTC)
bcuaphfhdjjkjk5mhjastqh48wkewe6
4637372
4637355
2026-05-24T08:10:46Z
ArchiverBot
1227662
Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 14 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/May]]
4637372
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
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}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].<br />''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''. You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.
You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say <code>!admin</code> to get attention).
For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]
== No data in page linked to by Wikidata ==
The page, [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSSH/Third_Party_Utilities OpenSSH: Third Party Utilities] has no data and thus should not be linked to from [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139625509 Q139625509] How can the link be deleted? Thanks. [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:06, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139611668 and Q139611580. All three links should be deleted / removed as the destination pages in the en.wikibook do not have any data but instead normal prose. - [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 05:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:Same for Q139806271, Q139806269, Q139806266, Q139806265, Q139806264, Q139806263, Q139806262, Q139806261, Q139806260, Q139806258, Q139806256, Q139806255, Q139625509, Q139611668, and Q139611580. There seems to be some new kind of vandalism going on. Perhaps there is a better page to report it on instead of this one? • [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 17:37, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] Given that this situation is happening on Wikidata, there is nothing that English Wikibooks admins can do. Please report this matter to the Wikidata administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:13, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-28014-44 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|~2026-28014-44}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-28014-44/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:02, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I blocked the underlying range. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:40, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
== Can't log in :( ==
Xania here. I am logged in on Wikipedia but can't log in here even though it has always been automatic when switching between the two. Wikibooks seems to want me to authenticate myself via my authenticator app which I have not done before. Allows me to also use a recovery code which I do not have. How do I log in guys? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:15, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: I believe it might be the CheckUser permission requiring 2FA (on parity with interface administrators and oversighters) as that group has restrictions. You might need to temporarily request to the [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards]] to remove CU access from your account to enable 2FA; however, since this project only has 2 CUs, [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]'s CU rights would be temporarily suspended. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
: Thanks, I've left a notice on the Steward's board.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:59, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::This happened before when your CU rights were removed because you hadn't enrolled in 2FA. I presume you must have enrolled to get the CU rights back. Are you really sure you've never used any authenticator here? [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:MarcGarver#Check_User previous discussion] from last year [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks. Good to know. I had completely forgotten that discussion. I will have to install some old authenticators and see which works.--[[Special:Contributions/~2026-28255-89|~2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-28255-89|talk]]) 17:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: Logged in finally. Seems I had recovery codes (totally forgotten about them) saved but no authenticator so each time I log in I'll need to use the codes.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:54, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
== Cs24jam2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Cs24jam2}}
Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/Cs24jam2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:54, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} by @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
== Mnckhagaul reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mnckhagaul}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mnckhagaul/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:35, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== Vrindavanmathuratourpackages reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vrindavanmathuratourpackages}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Vrindavanmathuratourpackages/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:28, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
== Shawndavidsonosp2 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Shawndavidsonosp2}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312343]], [[Special:AbuseLog/312344]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Shawndavidsonosp2/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:This is not a spam. Its a discussion topic on Healthcare Software Development [[User:Shawndavidsonosp2|Shawndavidsonosp2]] ([[User talk:Shawndavidsonosp2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shawndavidsonosp2|contribs]]) 13:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (CU request) User:Shawndavidsonosp2 & User:Lunasora33 made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Information_Technology_and_Ethics/IT_and_Healthcare&diff=prev&oldid=4636437], [https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com])
: {{ping|MarcGarver|SHB2000}} [[Special:CentralAuth/Rachvictor05]] & [[Special:CentralAuth/Emma_Joseph_Swift]] (Locked) also made link additions for osplabs.com ([https://spamcheck.toolforge.org/by-domain?q=osplabs.com]) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:46, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
::Clearly promotional accounts, both blocked. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:::and their spam domain added to the blacklist [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:02, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Banibrotechnologies reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Banibrotechnologies}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Banibrotechnologies/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Texasanne12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Texasanne12}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312336]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Texasanne12/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
== [[User:Me Lendroz]] (CU request) ==
{{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} (this is related to previous CU, [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/August#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]]) <br>
I found [[Special:Contributions/CarlessParking]] editing the user page of [[User:Me Lendroz]]. What do our CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:00, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
:It's an obvious sock of Jay Bolero not least because the account has posted "my name is Karl Basallote" everywhere and "Basallote" matches the previous sock. I've blocked CarlessParking as this is an abusive use of multiple accounts. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:57, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
== Sharmasejal reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Sharmasejal}}
Spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312466]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Sharmasejal/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:12, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:28, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
== Abbeypartyrental reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Abbeypartyrental}}
Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Abbeypartyrental/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:26, 24 May 2026 (UTC)
qft8fi9iomrhpimy96j3lo3ltd55qn2
C Programming/X macros and serialization
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{{Nav}}
It is often necessary to send or receive complex data structures to or from another program that may run on a different architecture or may have been designed for different version of the data structures in question.
A typical example is a program that saves its state to a file on exit and then reads it back when started. The 'send' function will typically start by writing a magic identifier and version to the file or network socket and then proceed to write all the data members one by one (i.e. in serial). The 'receive' function will be nearly identical: it will read all the items one by one.
Since these two functions often follow the same pattern as the declaration of the data(structures), it would be nice if they could all be generated from a common definition.
== X macros ==
''X macros'' use the preprocessor to force the compiler process the same piece of text—a list of data—under different macro expansions.<ref name="X_macros">{{cite web|last=Wirzenius|first=Lars|url=http://liw.iki.fi/liw/texts/cpp-trick.html|title=C Preprocessor Trick For Implementing Similar Data Types|accessdate = January 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Meyers | first = Randy | date = 1 May 2001 | title = The New C: X Macros | journal = Dr. Dobb's Journal | url = https://www.drdobbs.com/the-new-c-x-macros/184401387 | accessdate = 5 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Beal | first = Stephan | date = 22 August 2004 | year = 2004 | title = Supermacros | url = http://wanderinghorse.net/computing/papers/#supermacros | accessdate = 27 October 2008}}</ref><ref>Keith Schwarz. [http://www.keithschwarz.com/cs106l/spring2009/handouts/080_Preprocessor_2.pdf "Advanced Preprocessor Techniques"]. 2009. Includes "Practical Applications of the Preprocessor II: The X Macro Trick".</ref><ref>Lundin. [https://software.codidact.com/posts/293492 "What are X macros and when to use them?"] 2025.</ref> Each entry in the list is wrapped in a function-like macro, which has a different definition each time the list is used.
{{XNote|The 'X' in 'X macros' doesn't mean anything. It's taken from the most commonly used macro name for the pattern, <code>X(...)</code>, chosen because it shortens typing when making the list.}}
The most common usage of X macros is to establish a list of objects based on a list of some data, then automatically generate code for each of them, using the same list.
=== Separate list ===
Usually, a separate file contains this list. As an example, let's say we want to generate several variables near the beginning of our program, then later in the program, we want to print the names and values of those variables in the same console. We can create a <code>stats.def</code> like this:
X(strength)
X(agility)
X(intelligence)
Then, in our C program, we make sure the <code>X(...)</code> macro is defined as a template for our generated code:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#define X(x) int x;
#include "stats.def"
#undef X
// ...
#define X(x) printf(#x " = %d\n", x);
#include "stats.def"
#undef X
</syntaxhighlight>
After the preprocessor runs, this is what the compiler sees:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
int strength;
int agility;
int intelligence;
// ...
printf("strength" " = %d\n", strength);
printf("agility" " = %d\n", agility);
printf("intelligence" " = %d\n", intelligence);
</syntaxhighlight>
Now, whenever a new statistic is added to our program, we only have to make one edit instead of remembering to make multiple.
=== Inline list ===
If including a separate file multiple times is undesirable, the list can be defined as an object-like macro earlier in the file.
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#define STATS \
X(strength) \
X(agility) \
X(intelligence)
</syntaxhighlight>
The {{Shi|c|#include "stats.def"}} directives from the previous example can then be replaced with <code>STATS</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c" highlight="2,8">
#define X(x) int x;
STATS
#undef X
// ...
#define X(x) printf(#x " = %d\n", x);
STATS
#undef X
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Higher-order X macros ===
One can also pass in the name of another macro that can operate on the list of values. For example:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#define STATS_FOREACH(X) \
X(strength) \
X(agility) \
X(intelligence)
#define STATS_DECLARE(x) int x;
#define STATS_PRINT(x) printf(#var " = %d\n", x);
</syntaxhighlight>
Then:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
STATS_FOREACH(STATS_DECLARE)
// ...
STATS_FOREACH(STATS_PRINT)
</syntaxhighlight>
This does not require the redefinition of macros and can make the code easier to understand and maintain.
== Stringifying enumerations ==
C doesn't have introspection, but X macros can be used with preprocessor token stringification to let an enum print its own name, without manual updates to the stringification function.
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#define SEASONS_FOREACH(X) \
X(winter) \
X(spring) \
X(summer) \
X(autumn)
#define SEASONS_ENUM(x) x,
enum season {
SEASONS_FOREACH(SEASONS_ENUM)
};
#define SEASONS_CASE(x) \
case x: \
return #x;
char *season_to_string(enum season value) {
switch (value) {
SEASONS_FOREACH(SEASONS_CASE)
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
This is expanded by the preprocessor to:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
enum season {
winter,
spring,
summer,
autumn,
};
char *season_to_string(enum season value) {
switch (value) {
case winter:
return "winter";
case spring:
return "spring";
case summer:
return "summer";
case autumn:
return "autumn";
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<code>season</code> and <code>season_to_string</code> remain in sync as only the macro has to be updated, avoiding bugs related to one half being implemented but not the other.
== Serialization ==
Once the X macro has been set up, the component macros can be redefined to generate, for instance, accessor and/or mutator functions. Structure serializing and deserializing are also commonly done.
Here is an example of an X macro that establishes a struct and automatically creates serialize/deserialize functions.
{{XWarning|For simplicity, this example doesn't account for endianness or buffer overflows.}}
In <code>star.def</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
X(x, int)
X(y, int)
X(z, int)
X(radius, double)
#undef X
</syntaxhighlight>
{{XNote|<code>star.def</code> uses a variant of the separate file technique for writing X macros, where the {{Shi|c|#undef X}} that would be after every {{Shi|c|#include "star.def"}} in the including file is instead placed inside the list file, saving a line on each use.}}
In <code>star_table.c</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
struct shape {
#define X(member, type) type member;
#include "star.def"
};
void serialize_star(struct shape *star, unsigned char *buffer) {
#define X(member, type) \
memcpy(buffer, &(star->member), sizeof(star->member)); \
buffer += sizeof(star->member);
#include "star.def"
}
void deserialize_star(struct shape *star, unsigned char *buffer) {
#define X(member, type) \
memcpy(&(star->member), buffer, sizeof(star->member)); \
buffer += sizeof(star->member);
#include "star.def"
}
</syntaxhighlight>
Handlers for individual data types may be created and accessed using token concatenation (<code>##</code>) and quoting (<code>#</code>) operators. For example, the following might be added to the above code:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#define print_int(val) printf("%d", val)
#define print_double(val) printf("%g", val)
void print_star(struct shape *star) {
// print_##type will be replaced with print_int or print_double
#define X(member, type) \
printf("%s: ", #member); \
print_##type(star->member); \
printf("\n");
#include "star.def"
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{XNote|This technique was reported by Lars Wirzenius<ref>Wirzenius, Lars. [http://liw.iki.fi/liw/texts/cpp-trick.html C Preprocessor Trick For Implementing Similar Data Types] Retrieved January 9, 2011.</ref> in a web page dated January 17, 2000, in which he gives credit to Kenneth Oksanen for "refining and developing" the technique prior to 1997. The other references describe it as a method from at least a decade before the turn of the century.}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Nav}}
sq6awz36e7jbfl7hkg4alnitxcs3t4h
Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
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/* List of Many WMIs */
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==World Manufacturer Identifier==
The first three characters uniquely identify the manufacturer of the vehicle using the '''World Manufacturer Identifier''' or '''WMI''' code. A manufacturer that builds fewer than 1000 vehicles per year uses a 9 as the third digit and the 12th, 13th and 14th position of the VIN for a second part of the identification. Some manufacturers use the third character as a code for a vehicle category (e.g., bus or truck), a division within a manufacturer, or both. For example, within 1G (assigned to General Motors in the United States), 1G1 represents Chevrolet passenger cars; 1G2, Pontiac passenger cars; and 1GC, Chevrolet trucks.
===WMI Regions===
The first character of the WMI is the region in which the manufacturer is located. In practice, each is assigned to a country of manufacture. Common auto-manufacturing countries are noted. <ref>{{cite web
| url=https://standards.iso.org/iso/3780/
| title=ISO Standards Maintenance Portal: ISO 3780
| publisher=[[wikipedia:International Organization for Standardization]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! WMI
! Region
! Notes
|-
| A-C
| Africa
| AA-AH = South Africa<br />BF-BG = Kenya<br />BU = Uganda<br />CA-CB = Egypt<br />DF-DK = Morocco
|-
| H-R
| Asia
| H = China<br />J = Japan<br />KF-KH = Israel<br />KL-KR = South Korea<br />L = China<br />MA-ME = India<br />MF-MK = Indonesia<br />ML-MR = Thailand<br />MS = Myanmar<br />MX = Kazakhstan<br />MY-M0 = India<br />NF-NG = Pakistan<br />NL-NR = Turkey<br />NS-NT = Uzbekistan<br />PA-PC = Philippines<br />PF-PG = Singapore<br />PL-PR = Malaysia<br />PS-PT = Bangladesh<br />PV=Cambodia<br />RA-RB = United Arab Emirates<br />RF-RK = Taiwan<br />RL-RN = Vietnam<br />R1-R7 = Hong Kong
|-
| S-Z
| Europe
| SA-SM = United Kingdom<br />SN-ST = Germany (formerly East Germany)<br />SU-SZ = Poland<br />TA-TH = Switzerland<br />TJ-TP = Czech Republic<br />TR-TV = Hungary<br />TW-T2 = Portugal<br />UH-UM = Denmark<br />UN-UR = Ireland<br />UU-UX = Romania<br />U1-U2 = North Macedonia<br />U5-U7 = Slovakia<br />VA-VE = Austria<br />VF-VR = France<br />VS-VW = Spain<br />VX-V2 = France (formerly Serbia/Yugoslavia)<br />V3-V5 = Croatia<br />V6-V8 = Estonia<br /> W = Germany (formerly West Germany)<br />XA-XC = Bulgaria<br />XF-XH = Greece<br />XL-XR = The Netherlands<br />XS-XW = Russia (formerly USSR)<br />XX-XY = Luxembourg<br />XZ-X0 = Russia<br />YA-YE = Belgium<br />YF-YK = Finland<br />YS-YW = Sweden<br />YX-Y2 = Norway<br />Y3-Y5 = Belarus<br />Y6-Y8 = Ukraine<br />ZA-ZU = Italy<br />ZX-ZZ = Slovenia<br />Z3-Z5 = Lithuania<br />Z6-Z0 = Russia
|-
| 1-5
| North America
| 1, 4, 5 = United States<br />2 = Canada<br />3 = Mexico<br />7F-70 = United States
|-
| 6-7
| Oceania
| 6A-6W = Australia<br />7A-7E = New Zealand
|-
| 8-9
| South America
| 8A-8E = Argentina<br />8F-8G = Chile<br />8L-8N = Ecuador<br />8S-8T = Peru<br />8X-8Z = Venezuela<br />82 = Bolivia<br />84 = Costa Rica<br />9A-9E, 91-90 = Brazil<br />9F-9G = Colombia<br />9S-9V = Uruguay
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! A
! B
! C
! D
! E
! F
! G
! H
! J
! K
! L
! M
! N
! P
! R
! S
! T
! U
! V
! W
! X
! Y
! Z
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 0
|-
| '''A''' || colspan="8" | South Africa || colspan="2" | Ivory Coast || colspan="2" | Lesotho || colspan="2" | Botswana || colspan="2" | Namibia || colspan="2" | Madagascar || colspan="2" | Mauritius || colspan="2" | Tunisia || colspan="2" | Cyprus || colspan="2" | Zimbabwe || colspan="2" | Mozambique || colspan="5" | ''Africa''
|-
| '''B''' || colspan="2" | Angola || colspan="1" | Ethiopia || colspan="2" | ''Africa'' || colspan="2" | Kenya || colspan="1" | Rwanda || colspan="2" | ''Africa'' || colspan="1" | Nigeria || colspan="3" | ''Africa'' || colspan="1" | Algeria || colspan="1" | ''Africa'' || colspan="1" | Swaziland || colspan="1" | Uganda || colspan="7" | ''Africa''|| colspan="2" | Libya || colspan="6" | ''Africa''
|-
| '''C''' || colspan="2" | Egypt || colspan="3" | ''Africa'' || colspan="2" | Morocco || colspan="3" | ''Africa'' || colspan="2" | Zambia || colspan="21" | ''Africa''
|-
| '''D''' || colspan="33" rowspan="1" |
|-
| '''E''' || colspan="33" | Russia
|-
| '''F''' || colspan="33" rowspan="2" |
|-
| '''G'''
|-
| '''H''' || colspan="33" | China
|-
| '''J''' || colspan="33" | Japan
|-
| '''K''' || colspan="5" | ''Asia'' || colspan="3" | Israel || colspan="2" | ''Asia'' || colspan="5" | South Korea || colspan="2" | Jordan || colspan="6" | ''Asia'' || colspan="3" | South Korea || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="1" | Kyrgyzstan || colspan="5" | ''Asia''
|-
| '''L''' || colspan="33" | China
|-
| '''M''' || colspan="5" | India || colspan="5" | Indonesia || colspan="5" | Thailand || colspan="1" | Myanmar || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="1" | Mongolia || colspan="2" | ''Asia'' || colspan="1" | Kazakhstan || colspan="12" | India
|-
| '''N''' || colspan="5" | Iran || colspan="2" | Pakistan || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="1" | Iraq || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="5" | Turkey || colspan="2" | Uzbekistan || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="1" | Azerbaijan || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="1" | Tajikistan || colspan="1" | Armenia || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="5" | Iran || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="2" | Turkey || colspan="2" | ''Asia''
|-
| '''P''' || colspan="3" | Philippines || colspan="2" | ''Asia'' || colspan="2" | Singapore || colspan="3" | ''Asia'' || colspan="5" | Malaysia || colspan="2" | Bangladesh || colspan="10" | ''Asia'' || colspan="6" | India
|-
| '''R''' || colspan="2" | UAE || colspan="3" | ''Asia'' || colspan="5" | Taiwan || colspan="3" | Vietnam || colspan="1" | Laos || colspan="1" | ''Asia'' || colspan="2" | Saudi Arabia || colspan="3" | Russia || colspan="3" | ''Asia'' || colspan="7" | Hong Kong || colspan="3" | ''Asia''
|-
!
! A
! B
! C
! D
! E
! F
! G
! H
! J
! K
! L
! M
! N
! P
! R
! S
! T
! U
! V
! W
! X
! Y
! Z
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 0
|-
| '''S''' || colspan="12" | United Kingdom || colspan="5" | Germany <small>(former East Germany)</small> || colspan="6" | Poland || colspan="2" | Latvia || colspan="1" | Georgia || colspan="1" | Iceland || colspan="6" | ''Europe''
|-
| '''T''' || colspan="8" | Switzerland || colspan="6" | Czech Republic || colspan="5" | Hungary || colspan="6" | Portugal || colspan="3" | Serbia || colspan="1" | Andorra || colspan="2" | Netherlands || colspan="2" | ''Europe''
|-
| '''U''' || colspan="3" | Spain || colspan="4" | ''Europe'' || colspan="5" | Denmark || colspan="3" | Ireland || colspan="2" | ''Europe'' || colspan="4" | Romania || colspan="2" | ''Europe'' || colspan="2" | North Macedonia || colspan="2" | ''Europe'' || colspan="3" | Slovakia || colspan="3" | Bosnia & Herzogovina
|-
| '''V''' || colspan="5" | Austria || colspan="10" | France || colspan="5" | Spain || colspan="5" | France <small>(formerly Yugoslavia & Serbia)</small> || colspan="3" | Croatia || colspan="3" | Estonia || colspan="2" | ''Europe''
|-
| '''W''' || colspan="33" | Germany
|-
| '''X''' || colspan="3" | Bulgaria || colspan="2" | Russia || colspan="3" | Greece || colspan="2" | Russia || colspan="5" | Netherlands || colspan="5" | Russia <small>(former USSR)</small> || colspan="2" | Luxembourg || colspan="11" | Russia
|-
| '''Y''' || colspan="5" | Belgium || colspan="5" | Finland || colspan="2" | ''Europe'' || colspan="1" | Malta || colspan="2" | ''Europe'' || colspan="5" | Sweden || colspan="5" | Norway || colspan="3" | Belarus || colspan="3" | Ukraine || colspan="2" | ''Europe''
|-
| '''Z''' || colspan="18" | Italy || colspan="2" | ''Europe'' || colspan="3" | Slovenia || colspan="1" | San Marino|| colspan="1" | ''Europe''|| colspan="3" | Lithuania || colspan="5" | Russia
|-
| '''1''' || colspan="33" | United States
|-
| '''2''' || colspan="28" | Canada || colspan="5" | ''North America''
|-
| '''3''' || colspan="21" | Mexico || colspan="5" | ''North America'' || colspan="1" | Nicaragua || colspan="1" | Dom. Rep. || colspan="1" | Honduras || colspan="1" | Panama || colspan="2" | Puerto Rico || colspan="1" | ''North America''
|-
| '''4''' || colspan="33" rowspan="2" | United States
|-
| '''5'''
|-
| '''6''' || colspan="21" | Australia || colspan="3" | New Zealand || colspan="9" | ''Oceania''
|-
| '''7''' || colspan="5" | New Zealand || colspan="28" | United States
|-
| '''8''' || colspan="5" | Argentina || colspan=2 | Chile || colspan="3" | ''South America'' || colspan="3" | Ecuador || colspan="2" | ''South America'' || colspan="2" | Peru || colspan="3" | ''South America'' || colspan="3" | Venezuela || colspan="1" | ''SA'' || colspan="1" | Bolivia || colspan="1" | ''SA'' || colspan="1" | Costa Rica || colspan="6" | ''South America''
|-
| '''9''' || colspan="5" | Brazil || colspan="2" | Colombia || colspan="8" | ''South America'' || colspan="4" | Uruguay || colspan="4" | ''South America'' || colspan="10" | Brazil
|-
| '''0''' || colspan="33" rowspan="1" |
|}
===List of Many WMIs===
The [[w:Society of Automotive Engineers|Society of Automotive Engineers]] (SAE) in the US assigns WMIs to countries and manufacturers.<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.iso.org/standard/45844.html
| title=ISO 3780:2009 - Road vehicles — World manufacturer identifier (WMI) code
| date=October 2009
| publisher=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref> The following table contains a list of mainly commonly used WMIs, although there are many others assigned.
{| class="wikitable x" style="text-align:center"
|-
! WMI !! Manufacturer
|-
| AAA|| Audi South Africa made by Volkswagen of South Africa
|-
| AAK|| FAW Vehicle Manufacturers SA (PTY) Ltd.
|-
| AAM|| MAN Automotive (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. (includes VW Truck & Bus)
|-
|AAP || VIN restamped by South African Police Service (so-called SAPVIN or AAPV number)
|-
| AAV || Volkswagen South Africa
|-
| AAW || Challenger Trailer Pty Ltd. (South Africa)
|-
| AA9/CN1 || TR-Tec Pty Ltd. (South Africa)
|-
| ABJ || Mitsubishi Colt & Triton pickups made by Mercedes-Benz South Africa 1994–2011
|-
| ABJ || Mitsubishi Fuso made by Daimler Trucks & Buses Southern Africa
|-
| ABM || BMW Southern Africa
|-
| ACV || Isuzu Motors South Africa 2018-
|-
| AC5 || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] Automotive South Africa
|-
| AC9/BM1 || Beamish Beach Buggies (South Africa)
|-
| ADB || Mercedes-Benz South Africa car
|-
| ADD || UD Trucks Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd.
|-
| ADM || General Motors South Africa (includes Isuzu through 2018)
|-
| ADN || Nissan South Africa (Pty) Ltd.
|-
| ADR || Renault Sandero made by Nissan South Africa (Pty) Ltd.
|-
| ADX || Tata Automobile Corporation (SA) Ltd.
|-
| AE9/MT1 || Backdraft Racing (South Africa)
|-
| AFA || Ford Motor Company of Southern Africa & Samcor
|-
| AFB || Mazda BT-50 made by Ford Motor Company of Southern Africa
|-
| AFD || BAIC Automotive South Africa
|-
| AFZ || Fiat Auto South Africa
|-
| AHH || Hino South Africa
|-
| AHM || Honda Ballade made by Mercedes-Benz South Africa 1982–2000
|-
| AHT || Toyota South Africa Motors (Pty.) Ltd.
|-
| BF9/|| KIBO Motorcycles, Kenya
|-
| BUK || Kiira Motors Corporation, Uganda
|-
| BR1 || Mercedes-Benz Algeria (SAFAV MB)
|-
| BRY || FIAT Algeria
|-
| CA3 || MCV bus (Egypt)
|-
| DDY || Geyushi Motors (bus) (Egypt)
|-
| DF9/|| Laraki (Morocco)
|-
| EAA || Aurus Motors (Russia)
|-
| EAN || Evolute (Russia)
|-
| EAU || Elektromobili Manufacturing Rus - EVM (Russia)
|-
| EBE || Sollers-Auto (Russia)
|-
| EBZ || Nizhekotrans bus (Russia)
|-
| ECE || XCITE (Russia)
|-
| ECW || Trans-Alfa bus (Russia)
|-
| HAC || GAC Motor (Aion)
|-
| HA0 || Wuxi Sundiro Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. (Palla, Parray)
|-
| HA6 || Niu Technologies
|-
| HA7 || Jinan Qingqi KR Motors Co., Ltd.
|-
| HES || smart Automobile Co., Ltd. (Mercedes-Geely joint venture)
|-
| HGL || Farizon Auto van (Geely)
|-
| HGX || Wuling Motors commercial vehicle (Geely)
|-
| HHZ || Huazi Automobile
|-
| HJN || Nio, Firefly
|-
| HJR || Chery Commercial Vehicle (Anhui) Co., Ltd. Jetour made by Chery Commercial Vehicle
|-
| HJZ || Juzhen Chengshi van
|-
| HJ4 || BAW car
|-
| HL4 || Zhejiang Morini Vehicle Co., Ltd. <br />(Moto Morini subsidiary of Taizhou Zhongneng Motorcycle Co., Ltd.)
|-
| HLX || Li Auto
|-
| HRV || Beijing Henrey Automobile Technology Co., Ltd.
|-
| HVW || Volkswagen Anhui
|-
| HWM || WM Motor Technology Co., Ltd. (Weltmeister)
|-
| HXM || Xiaomi
|-
| HZ2 || Taizhou Zhilong Technology Co., Ltd (motorcycle)
|-
| H0D || Taizhou Qianxin Vehicle Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| H0G || Wisdom (Fujian) Motor Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| JAA || Isuzu truck, Holden Rodeo TF, Opel Campo, Bedford/Vauxhall Brava pickup made by Isuzu in Japan
|-
| JAB || Isuzu car
|-
| JAC || Isuzu SUV, Opel/Vauxhall Monterey & Holden Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu in Japan
|-
| JAE || Acura SLX made by Isuzu
|-
| JAL || Isuzu commercial trucks & <br /> Chevrolet commercial trucks made by Isuzu 2016+ & <br /> Hino S-series truck made by Isuzu (Incomplete Vehicle - medium duty)
|-
| JAM || Isuzu commercial trucks (Incomplete Vehicle - light duty)
|-
| JA3 || Mitsubishi car (for North America)
|-
| JA4 || Mitsubishi MPV/SUV (for North America) & Nissan Rogue PHEV '26
|-
| JA7 || Mitsubishi truck (for North America)
|-
| JB3 || Dodge car made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JB4 || Dodge MPV/SUV made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JB7 || Dodge truck made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JC0 || Ford brand cars made by Mazda
|-
| JC1 || Fiat 124 Spider made by Mazda
|-
| JC2 || Ford Courier made by Mazda
|-
| JDA || Daihatsu, Subaru Justy made by Daihatsu
|-
| JD1 || Daihatsu car
|-
| JD2 || Daihatsu SUV
|-
| JD4 || Daihatsu truck
|-
| JE3 || Eagle car made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JE4 || Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JF1 || ([[../Subaru/VIN Codes|Subaru]]) car
|-
| JF2 || ([[../Subaru/VIN Codes|Subaru]]) SUV
|-
| JF3 || ([[../Subaru/VIN Codes|Subaru]]) truck
|-
| JF4 || Saab 9-2X made by Subaru
|-
| JG1 || Chevrolet/Geo car made by Suzuki
|-
| JG2 || Pontiac car made by Suzuki
|-
| JG7 || Pontiac/Asuna car made by Suzuki for GM Canada
|-
| JGC || Chevrolet/Geo SUV made by Suzuki (classified as a truck)
|-
| JGT || GMC SUV made by Suzuki for GM Canada (classified as a truck)
|-
| JHA || Hino truck
|-
| JHB || Hino incomplete vehicle
|-
| JHD || Hino
|-
| JHF || Hino
|-
| JHH || Hino incomplete vehicle
|-
| JHF-JHG, JHL-JHN, JHZ,<br/>JH1-JH5 || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]]
|-
| JHL || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] MPV/SUV
|-
| JHM || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] car
|-
| JH1 || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] truck
|-
| JH2 || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] motorcycle/ATV
|-
| JH3 || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] ATV
|-
| JH4 || Acura car
|-
| JH6 || Hino incomplete vehicle
|-
| JJ3 || Chrysler brand car made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JKA || Kawasaki (motorcycles)
|-
| JKB || Kawasaki (motorcycles)
|-
| JKM || Mitsuoka
|-
| JKS || Suzuki Marauder 1600/Boulevard M95 motorcycle made by Kawasaki
|-
| JK8 || Suzuki QUV620F UTV made by Kawasaki
|-
| JLB || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp.
|-
| JLF || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp.
|-
| JLS || Sterling Truck 360 made by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp.
|-
| JL5 || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp.
|-
| JL6 || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp.
|-
| JL7 || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp.
|-
| JMA || Mitsubishi Motors (right-hand drive) for Europe
|-
| JMB || Mitsubishi Motors (left-hand drive) for Europe
|-
| JMF || Mitsubishi Motors for Australia (including Mitsubishi Express made by Renault)
|-
| JMP || Mitsubishi Motors (left-hand drive)
|-
| JMR || Mitsubishi Motors (right-hand drive)
|-
| JMY || Mitsubishi Motors (left-hand drive) for South America & Middle East
|-
| JMZ || Mazda for Europe export & Mazda 2 made by Ford Spain & Mazda 2 Hybrid made by Toyota Motor Manufacturing France
|-
| JM0 || Mazda for Oceania export
|-
| JM1 || Mazda car
|-
| JM2 || Mazda truck
|-
| JM3 || Mazda MPV/SUV
|-
| JM4 || Mazda
|-
| JM6 || Mazda
|-
| JM7 || Mazda
|-
| JNA || Nissan Diesel/UD Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| JNC || Nissan Diesel/UD Trucks
|-
| JNE || Nissan Diesel/UD Trucks (truck)
|-
| JNK || Infiniti car
|-
| JNR || Infiniti SUV
|-
| JNX || Infiniti incomplete vehicle
|-
| JN1 || Nissan car & Infiniti car
|-
| JN3 || Nissan incomplete vehicle
|-
| JN6 || Nissan truck/van & Mitsubishi Fuso Canter Van
|-
| JN8 || Nissan MPV/SUV & Infiniti SUV
|-
| JPA || International Trucks made by Nissan Diesel (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| JPB || International Trucks made by Nissan Diesel (tractor truck)
|-
| JPC || Nissan Diesel/UD Trucks
|-
| JPE || International Trucks made by Nissan Diesel (truck)
|-
| JP3 || Plymouth car made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JP4 || Plymouth MPV/SUV made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JP7 || Plymouth truck made by Mitsubishi Motors
|-
| JR2 || Isuzu Oasis made by Honda
|-
| JSA || Suzuki ATV & '03 Kawasaki KFX400 ATV made by Suzuki, Suzuki car/SUV (outside N. America), Holden Cruze YG made by Suzuki
|-
| JSK || Kawasaki KLX125/KLX125L motorcycle made by Suzuki
|-
| JSL || '04-'06 Kawasaki KFX400 ATV made by Suzuki
|-
| JST || Suzuki Across SUV made by Toyota
|-
| JS1 || Suzuki motorcycle & Kawasaki KLX400S/KLX400SR motorcycle made by Suzuki
|-
| JS2 || Suzuki car
|-
| JS3 || Suzuki SUV
|-
| JS4 || Suzuki truck
|-
| JTB || Toyota bus
|-
| JTD || Toyota car
|-
| JTE || Toyota MPV/SUV
|-
| JTF || Toyota van/truck
|-
| JTG || Toyota MPV/bus
|-
| JTH || Lexus car
|-
| JTJ || Lexus SUV
|-
| JTK || Toyota car
|-
| JTL || Toyota SUV
|-
| JTM || Toyota SUV, Subaru Solterra made by Toyota
|-
| JTN || Toyota car
|-
| JTP || Toyota SUV
|-
| JT1 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] van
|-
| JT2 || Toyota car
|-
| JT3 || Toyota MPV/SUV
|-
| JT4 || Toyota truck/van
|-
| JT5 || Toyota incomplete vehicle
|-
| JT6 || Lexus SUV
|-
| JT7 || Toyota bus/van
|-
| JT8 || Lexus car
|-
| JW6 || Mitsubishi Fuso division of Mitsubishi Motors (through mid-2003)
|-
| JYA || Yamaha motorcycles
|-
| JYE || Yamaha snowmobile
|-
| JY3 || Yamaha 3-wheel ATV
|-
| JY4 || Yamaha 4-wheel ATV
|-
| J81 || Chevrolet/Geo car made by Isuzu
|-
| J87 || Pontiac/Asüna car made by Isuzu for GM Canada
|-
| J8B || Chevrolet commercial trucks made by Isuzu (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| J8C || Chevrolet commercial trucks made by Isuzu (truck)
|-
| J8D || GMC commercial trucks made by Isuzu (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| J8T || GMC commercial trucks made by Isuzu (truck)
|-
| J8Z || Chevrolet LUV pickup truck made by Isuzu
|-
| KF3 || Merkavim (Israel)
|-
| KF6 || Automotive Industries, Ltd. (Israel)
|-
| KF9/004 || Tomcar (Israel)
|-
| KG9/002 || Charash Ashdod (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/004 || H. Klein (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/007 || Agam Trailers (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/009 || Merkavey Noa (trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/010 || Weingold Trailers (trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/011 || Netzer Sereni (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/015 || Merkaz Hagrorim (trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/035 || BEL Technologies (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/091 || Jansteel (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/101 || Bassamco (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KG9/104 || Global Handasa (truck trailer) (Israel)
|-
| KL || Daewoo [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]] South Korea
|-
| KLA || Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea (Chevrolet/Alpheon)<br /> from Bupyeong & Kunsan plants
|-
| KLP || CT&T United (battery electric low-speed vehicles)
|-
| KLT || Tata Daewoo
|-
| KLU || Tata Daewoo
|-
| KLY || Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea (Chevrolet) from Changwon plant
|-
| KL1 || GM Daewoo/GM Korea (Chevrolet car)
|-
| KL2 || Daewoo/GM Daewoo (Pontiac)
|-
| KL3 || GM Daewoo/GM Korea (Holden)
|-
| KL4 || GM Korea (Buick)
|-
| KL5 || GM Daewoo (Suzuki)
|-
| KL6 || GM Daewoo (GMC)
|-
| KL7 || Daewoo (GM Canada brands: Passport, Asuna (Pre-2000))
|-
| KL7 || GM Daewoo/GM Korea (Chevrolet MPV/SUV (Post-2000))
|-
| KL8 || GM Daewoo/GM Korea (Chevrolet car from Changwon plant (Spark))
|-
| KM || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]]
|-
| KMC || Hyundai commercial truck
|-
| KME || Hyundai commercial truck (semi-tractor)
|-
| KMF || Hyundai van & commercial truck & Bering Truck
|-
| KMH || Hyundai car & Mexican market Dodges made by Hyundai
|-
| KMJ || Hyundai minibus/bus
|-
| KMT || Genesis Motor car
|-
| KMU || Genesis Motor SUV
|-
| KMX || Hyundai Galloper SUV
|-
| KMY || Daelim Motor Company, Ltd/DNA Motors Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| KM1 || Hyosung Motors (motorcycles)
|-
| KM4 || Hyosung Motors/S&T Motors/KR Motors (motorcycles)
|-
| KM8 || Hyundai SUV
|-
| KNA || Kia car
|-
| KNC || Kia truck
|-
| KND || Kia MPV/SUV & Hyundai Entourage
|-
| KNE || Kia for Europe export
|-
| KNF || Kia, special vehicles
|-
| KNG || Kia minibus/bus
|-
| KNJ || Ford Festiva & Aspire made by Kia
|-
| KNL || Kia Elan/Vigato made by Kia Motech
|-
| KNM || Renault Samsung Motors, Nissan Rogue made by Renault Samsung, Nissan Sunny made by Renault Samsung
|-
| KNM || Renault Korea Co., Ltd.
|-
| KN1 || Asia Motors
|-
| KN2 || Asia Motors
|-
| KPA || SsangYong/KG Mobility (KGM) pickup
|-
| KPB || SsangYong car
|-
| KPD || SsangYong TransStar (bus)
|-
| KPH || Mitsubishi Precis
|-
| KPT || SsangYong/KG Mobility (KGM) SUV/MPV
|-
| LAA || Shanghai Jialing Vehicle Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LAE || Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle
|-
| LAL || Sundiro [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Motorcycle
|-
| LAN || Changzhou Yamasaki Motorcycle
|-
| LAP || Chongqing Jianshe Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LAP || Zhuzhou Nanfang Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LAT || Luoyang Northern Ek Chor Motorcycle Co., Ltd. (Dayang)
|-
| LA6 || Xiamen King Long United Automotive Industry Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LA7 || Radar Auto (Geely)
|-
| LA8 || Anhui Ankai
|-
| LA9/AYS || Jiangsu Alfa Bus Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LA9/BFC || Beijing North Huade Neoplan Bus Co., Ltd.
|-
| LA9/FBC || Xiamen Fengtai Bus & Coach International Co., Ltd. (FTBCI) (bus)
|-
| LA9/HFF || Anhui Huaxia Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LA9/JXK || CHTC Bonluck Bus Co., Ltd.
|-
| LA9/LC0 || BYD
|-
| LA9/LFJ || Xinlongma Automobile
|-
| LA9/LM6 || SRM Shineray
|-
| LBB || Zhejiang Qianjiang Motorcycle (QJ Motor/Keeway/Benelli)
|-
| LBE || Beijing [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] (Hyundai, Shouwang)
|-
| LBM || Zongshen Piaggio
|-
| LBP || Chongqing Jianshe Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LBV || BMW Brilliance (BMW, Zinoro)
|-
| LBX || Jiangsu Kinroad Xintian Motorcycle Manufacture Co. Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LBZ || Yantai Shuchi Vehicle Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LB1 || Fujian Benz
|-
| LB2 || Geely Motorcycles
|-
| LB3 || Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (Geely, Galaxy, Geometry, Kandi)
|-
| LB4 || Chongqing Yinxiang Motorcycle Group Co., Ltd.
|-
| LB5 || Foshan City Fosti Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LB7 || Tibet New Summit Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LCE || Hangzhou Chunfeng Motorcycles (CFMOTO)
|-
| LCR || Gonow
|-
| LC0 || BYD Auto (BYD, Denza)
|-
| LC2 || Changzhou Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. (Kymco)
|-
| LC6 || Changzhou Haojue Suzuki Motorcycle Co. Ltd.
|-
| LDB || Dadi Auto
|-
| LDC || Dongfeng Peugeot Citroen Automobile Co., Ltd. (DPCA), Dongfeng Fengshen (Aeolus) L60
|-
| LDD || Dandong Huanghai Automobile
|-
| LDF || Dezhou Fulu Vehicle Co., Ltd. (motorcycles), BAW Yuanbao electric car (Ace P1 in Norway)
|-
| LDK || FAW Bus (Dalian) Co., Ltd.
|-
| LDN || Soueast (South East (Fujian) Motor Co., Ltd.) including Mitsubishi made by Soueast
|-
| LDP || Dongfeng, Dongfeng Fengshen (Aeolus), Voyah, Renault City K-ZE/Venucia e30 made by eGT New Energy Automotive
|-
| LDY || Zhongtong Bus Holding Co. Ltd.
|-
| LD3 || Guangdong Tayo Motorcycle Technology Co. (Zontes) (motorcycle)
|-
| LD5 || Benzhou Vehicle Industry Group Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LD9/L3A || SiTech (FAW)
|-
| LEC || Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LEF || Jiangling Motors Corporation Ltd. (JMC)
|-
| LEH || Zhejiang Riya Motorcycle Co. Ltd.
|-
| LET || Jiangling-Isuzu Motors, China
|-
| LEW || Dongfeng commercial vehicle
|-
| LE4 || Beijing Benz & Beijing Benz-Daimler Chrysler Automotive Co. (Chrysler, Jeep, Mitsubishi, Mercedes-Benz) & Beijing Jeep Corp.
|-
| LE8 || Guangzhou Panyu Hua'Nan Motors Industry Co. Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LFB || FAW Group (Bestune, Hongqi) & Mazda made under license by FAW (Mazda 8, CX-7)
|-
| LFF || Zhejiang Taizhou Wangye Power Co., Ltd.
|-
| LFG || Taizhou Chuanl Motorcycle Manufacturing
|-
| LFJ || Fujian Motors Group (Keyton)
|-
| LFM || FAW Toyota Motor (Toyota, Ranz)
|-
| LFN || FAW Bus (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. (truck, bus)
|-
| LFP || FAW Car, Bestune, Hongqi (passenger vehicles) & Mazda made under license by FAW (Mazda 6, CX-4)
|-
| LFT || FAW (trailers)
|-
| LFU || Lifeng Group Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LFV || FAW-Volkswagen (VW, Audi, Jetta, Kaili)
|-
| LFW || FAW JieFang (truck)
|-
| LFX || Sany Heavy Industry (truck)
|-
| LFY || Changshu Light Motorcycle Factory
|-
| LFZ || Leapmotor
|-
| LF3 || Lifan Motorcycle
|-
| LGA || Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. trucks
|-
| LGB || Dongfeng Nissan (Nissan, Infiniti, Venucia)
|-
| LGB || Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LGC || Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. bus chassis
|-
| LGD || Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LGF || Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. bus chassis
|-
| LGG || Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor (Forthing/Fengxing)
|-
| LGJ || Dongfeng Fengshen (Aeolus)
|-
| LGL || Guilin Daewoo
|-
| LGV || Heshan Guoji Nanlian Motorcycle Industry Co., Ltd.
|-
| LGW || Great Wall Motor (GWM, Haval, Ora, Tank, Wey)
|-
| LGX || BYD Auto (BYD, Fangchengbao)
|-
| LGZ || Guangzhou Denway Bus
|-
| LG6 || Dayun Group
|-
| LHA || Shuanghuan Auto
|-
| LHB || Beijing Automotive Industry Holding
|-
| LHG || GAC Honda (Honda, Everus, Acura)
|-
| LHJ || Chongqing Astronautic Bashan Motorcycle Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|-
| LHM || Dongfeng Renault Automobile Co.
|-
| LHW || CRRC Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LH0 || WM Motor Technology Co., Ltd. (Weltmeister)
|-
| LH1 || FAW-Haima, China
|-
| LJC || Jincheng Corporation
|-
| LJD || Yueda Kia (previously Dongfeng Yueda Kia) (Kia, Horki) & Human Horizons - HiPhi (made under contract by Yueda Kia)
|-
| LJM || Sunlong (bus)
|-
| LJN || Zhengzhou Nissan
|-
| LJR || CIMC Vehicles Group (truck trailer)
|-
| LJS || Yaxing Coach, Asiastar Bus
|-
| LJU || Shanghai Maple Automobile & Kandi & Zhidou
|-
| LJU || Lotus Technology (Wuhan Lotus Cars Co., Ltd.)
|-
| LJV || Sinotruk Chengdu Wangpai Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LJW || JMC Landwind
|-
| LJX || JMC Ford
|-
| LJ1 || JAC (JAC, Sehol)
|-
| LJ1 || Nio, Inc.
|-
| LJ4 || Shanghai Jmstar Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LJ5 || Cixi Kingring Motorcycle Co., Ltd. (Jinlun)
|-
| LJ8 || Zotye Auto made by Jiangnan Automobile
|-
| LKC || BAIC commercial vehicles, previously Changhe
|-
| LKG || Youngman Lotus Automobile Co., Ltd.
|-
| LKH || Hafei Motor
|-
| LKL || Higer Bus
|-
| LKT || Yunnan Lifan Junma Vehicle Co., Ltd. commercial vehicles
|-
| LK2 || Anhui JAC Bus
|-
| LK6 || SAIC-GM-Wuling (Wuling, Baojun) microcars and other vehicles
|-
| LK8 || Zhejiang Yule New Energy Automobile Technology Co., Ltd. (ATV)
|-
| LLC || Loncin Motor Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LLJ || Jiangsu Xinling Motorcycle Fabricate Co., Ltd.
|-
| LLN || Qoros
|-
| LLP || Zhejiang Jiajue Motorcycle Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|-
| LLU || Dongfeng Fengxing Jingyi
|-
| LLV || Lifan, Maple (owned by Geely), Livan Automotive
|-
| LLX || Yudo Auto
|-
| LL0 || Sanmen County Yongfu Machine Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LL2 || WM Motor Technology Co., Ltd. (Weltmeister)
|-
| LL3 || Xiamen Golden Dragon Bus Co. Ltd.
|-
| LL6 || GAC Mitsubishi Motors Co., Ltd. (formerly Hunan Changfeng)
|-
| LL8 || Jiangsu Linhai Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
|-
| LMC || Suzuki Hong Kong (motorcycles)
|-
| LME || Skyworth (formerly Skywell), Elaris Beo
|-
| LMF || Jiangmen Zhongyu Motor Co., Ltd.
|-
| LMG || GAC Motor, Trumpchi, [[w:Dodge Attitude#Fourth generation (2025)|Dodge Attitude made by GAC]]
|-
| LMH || Jiangsu Guowei Motor Co., Ltd. (Motoleader)
|-
| LMP || Geely Sichuan Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LMV || Haima Car Co., Ltd.
|-
| LMV || XPeng Motors G3 (not G3i) made by Haima
|-
| LMW || GAC Group, [[w:Trumpchi GS5#Dodge Journey|Dodge Journey made by GAC]]
|-
| LMX || Forthing (Dongfeng Fengxing)
|-
| LM0 || Wangye Holdings Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LM6 || SWM (automobiles)
|-
| LM8 || Seres (formerly SF Motors), AITO
|-
| LNA || GAC Aion New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Hycan
|-
| LNB || BAIC Motor (Senova, Weiwang, Huansu) & Arcfox & Xiaomi SU7 built by BAIC
|-
| LND || JMEV (Jiangxi Jiangling Group New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd.), Eveasy/Mobilize Limo
|-
| LNE || Zhejiang CRRC Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LNP || NAC MG UK Limited & Nanjing Fiat Automobile
|-
| LNN || Chery Automobile, Omoda, Jaecoo
|-
| LNV || Naveco (Nanjing Iveco Automobile Co. Ltd.)
|-
| LNX || Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor (Chenglong trucks)
|-
| LNY || Yuejin
|-
| LPA || Changan PSA (DS Automobiles)
|-
| LPE || BYD Auto
|-
| LPS || Polestar
|-
| LP6 || Guangzhou Panyu Haojian Motorcycle Industry Co., Ltd.
|-
| LRB || SAIC-General Motors (Buick for export)
|-
| LRD || Beijing Foton Daimler Automotive Co., Ltd. Auman trucks
|-
| LRE || SAIC-General Motors (Cadillac for export)
|-
| LRP || Chongqing Rato Power Co. Ltd. (Asus)
|-
| LRR || Ningbo Longjia Power Technology Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LRW || Tesla, Inc. (Gigafactory Shanghai)
|-
| LR4 || Yadi Technology Group
|-
| LR6 || Guangzhou Dayun Vehicle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LSC || Changan Automobile (light truck)
|-
| LSF || SAIC Maxus or LDV pickup/SUV & Chevrolet S10 Max & Shanghai Sunwin Bus Corporation
|-
| LSG || SAIC-General Motors (For China: Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, Sail Springo, For export: Chevrolet)
|-
| LSH || SAIC Maxus van or LDV van & Chevrolet Express Max
|-
| LSJ || SAIC MG & SAIC Roewe & IM Motors & Rising Auto
|-
| LSK || SAIC Maxus or LDV van
|-
| LSV || SAIC-Volkswagen (VW, Skoda, Audi, Tantus)
|-
| LSY || Brilliance (Jinbei, Zhonghua) & Jinbei GM
|-
| LS3 || Hejia New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd
|-
| LS4 || Changan Automobile (MPV/SUV)
|-
| LS5 || Changan Automobile (car) & Changan Suzuki
|-
| LS6 || Changan Automobile & Deepal Automobile & Avatr
|-
| LS7 || JMC Heavy Duty Truck Co., Ltd.
|-
| LS8 ||Henan Shaolin Auto Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LTA || ZX Auto
|-
| LTN || Soueast-built Chrysler & Dodge vehicles
|-
| LTP || National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB (NEVS)
|-
| LTV || FAW [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] (Tianjin)
|-
| LTW || Zhejiang Dianka Automobile Technology Co. Ltd. (Enovate)
|-
| LT1 || Yangzhou Tonghua Semi-Trailer Co., Ltd. (truck trailer)
|-
| LUC || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Automobile (China)
|-
| LUD || Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd.
|-
| LUG || Qiantu Motor
|-
| LUJ || Zhejiang Shanqi Tianying Vehicle Industry Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| LUR || Chery Automobile, iCar
|-
| LUX || Dongfeng Yulon Motor Co. Ltd.
|-
| LUZ || Hozon Auto New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd. (Neta)
|-
| LVA || Foton Motor
|-
| LVB || Foton Motor truck
|-
| LVC || Foton Motor bus
|-
| LVF || Changhe Suzuki
|-
| LVG || GAC Toyota (Toyota, Leahead)
|-
| LVH || Dongfeng Honda (Honda, Ciimo)
|-
| LVM || Chery Commercial Vehicle
|-
| LVP || Dongfeng Sokon Motor Company (DFSK)
|-
| LVR || Changan Mazda
|-
| LVS || Changan [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] (Ford, Lincoln) & Changan Ford Mazda & Volvo S40 and S80L made by Changan Ford Mazda
|-
| LVT || Chery Automobile, Exeed, Jetour, Soueast
|-
| LVU || Chery Automobile, Jetour
|-
| LVV || Chery Automobile, Omoda, Jaecoo
|-
| LVX || Landwind, JMC (discontinued in 2021)
|-
| LVX || Aiways Automobiles Company Ltd
|-
| LVY || Volvo Cars Daqing factory
|-
| LVZ || Dongfeng Sokon Motor Company (DFSK)
|-
| LV3 || Hengchi Automobile (Evergrande Group)
|-
| LV7 || Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle
|-
| LWB || Wuyang Honda Motorcycle (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.
|-
| LWE || Yangtse Motor Group (bus)
|-
| LWG || Chongqing Huansong Industries (Group) Co., Ltd.
|-
| LWL || Qingling Isuzu
|-
| LWM || Chongqing Wonjan Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LWV || GAC Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Fiat, Jeep)
|-
| LWX || Shanghai Wanxiang Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LW4 || Li Auto
|-
| LXA || Jiangmen Qipai Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LXD || Ningbo Dongfang Lingyun Vehicle Made Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LXG || Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Co., Ltd. (XCMG)
|-
| LXK || Shanghai Meitian Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LXM || Xiamen Xiashing Motorcycle Co., Ltd. (SYM)
|-
| LXN || Link Tour
|-
| LXV || Beijing Borgward Automotive Co., Ltd.
|-
| LXW || JMC - Ford
|-
| LXY || Chongqing Shineray Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LX6 || Jiangmen City Huari Group Co. Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LX8 || Chongqing Xgjao (Xinganjue) Motorcycle Co Ltd.
|-
| LYB || Weichai (Yangzhou) Yaxing Automobile Co., Ltd.
|-
| LYD || Taizhou City Kaitong Motorcycle Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LYJ || Beijing ZhongdaYanjing Auto Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| LYM || Zhuzhou Jianshe Yamaha Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| LYS || Nanjing Vmoto Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LYU || Huansu (BAIC Motor & Yinxiang Group)
|-
| LYV || Volvo Cars Chengdu factory & Taizhou, Luqiao District factory
|-
| LY4 || Chongqing Yingang Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| LZE || Isuzu Guangzhou, China
|-
| LZF || SAIC Iveco Hongyan (-2021), SAIC Hongyan (2021-)
|-
| LZG || Shaanxi Automobile Group (Shacman)
|-
| LZK || Sinotruk (CNHTC) Huanghe bus
|-
| LZL || Zengcheng Haili Motorcycle Ltd.
|-
| LZM || MAN China
|-
| LZP || Zhongshan Guochi Motorcycle (Baotian)
|-
| LZS || Zongshen, Electra Meccanica Vehicles Corp. (Solo) made by Zongshen
|-
| LZU || Guangzhou Isuzu Bus
|-
| LZW || SAIC-GM-Wuling (Wuling, Baojun, Chevrolet [for export])
|-
| LZY || Yutong Bus Co., Ltd.
|-
| LZZ || Sinotruk (CNHTC) (Howo, Sitrak)
|-
| LZ0 || Shandong Wuzheng Group Co., Ltd.
|-
| LZ4 || Jiangsu Linzhi Shangyang Group Co Ltd.
|-
| LZ9/LZX || Raysince
|-
| L0N || Ezytrail (camper trailers)
|-
| L1K || Chongqing Hengtong Bus Co., Ltd.
|-
| L1N || XPeng Motors
|-
| L10 || Geely Emgrand
|-
| L2B || Jiangsu Baodiao Locomotive Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| L2C || Chery Jaguar Land Rover
|-
| L3H || Shanxi Victory Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|-
| L37 || Huzhou Daixi Zhenhua Technology Trade Co., Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| L4B || Xingyue Group (motorcycles)
|-
| L4F || Suzhou Eagle Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|-
| L4H || Ningbo Longjia Motorcycle Co., Ltd.
|-
| L4S || Zhejiang Xingyue Vehicle Co Ltd. (motorcycles)
|-
| L4Y || Qingqi Group Ningbo Rhon Motorcycle / Ningbo Dalong Smooth Locomotive Industry Co., Ltd.
|-
| L5C || Zhejiang Kangdi Vehicles Co., Ltd. (motorcycles, ATVs)
|-
| L5E || Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
|-
| L5K || Zhejiang Yongkang Easy Vehicle
|-
| L5N || Zhejiang Taotao (ATV & motorcycles)
|-
| L5Y || Taizhou Zhongneng Motorcycle Co. Ltd. (Znen)
|-
| L6F || Shandong Liangzi Power Co. Ltd.
|-
| L6J || Zhejiang Kayo Motor Co. Ltd. (ATV)
|-
| L6K || Shanghai Howhit Machinery Manufacture Co. Ltd.
|-
| L6T || Geely, Lynk & Co, Zeekr
|-
| L66 || Zhuhai Granton Bus and Coach Co. Ltd.
|-
| L82 || Baotian
|-
| L85 || Zhejiang Yongkang Huabao Electric Appliance
|-
| L8A || Jinhua Youngman Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|-
| L8X || Zhejiang Summit Huawin Motorcycle
|-
| L8Y || Zhejiang Jonway Motorcycle Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|-
| L9G || Zhuhai Guangtong Automobile Co., Ltd. (bus)
|-
| L9N || Zhejiang Taotao Vehicles Co., Ltd.
|-
| MAA || India Kawasaki Motors Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| MAB || Mahindra & Mahindra
|-
| MAC || Mahindra & Mahindra
|-
| MAH || Fiat India Automobiles Pvt. Ltd
|-
| MAJ || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] India
|-
| MAK || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Cars India
|-
| MAL || Hyundai Motor India
|-
| MAN || Eicher Polaris Multix
|-
| MAT || Tata Motors, Rover CityRover
|-
| MA1 || Mahindra & Mahindra
|-
| MA3 || Maruti Suzuki India (domestic & export)
|-
| MA6 || GM India
|-
| MA7 || Hindustan Motors Ltd. & Mitsubishi Motors & Isuzu models made by Hindustan Motors
|-
| MA8 || Daewoo Motor India
|-
| MBF || Royal Enfield
|-
| MBH || Suzuki (for export) & Nissan Pixo made by Maruti Suzuki India Limited
|-
| MBJ || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| MBK || MAN Trucks India Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| MBL || Hero MotoCorp
|-
| MBR || Mercedes-Benz India
|-
| MBU || Swaraj Vehicles Limited
|-
| MBV || Premier Automobiles Ltd.
|-
| MBX || Piaggio India (Piaggio Ape)
|-
| MBY || Asia Motor Works Ltd.
|-
| MB1 || Ashok Leyland
|-
| MB2 || Hyundai Motor India (SUV)
|-
| MB7 || Reva Electric Car Company/Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| MB8 || Suzuki Motorcycle India Limited
|-
| MCA || FCA India Automobiles Pvt. Ltd. (Fiat, Jeep)
|-
| MCB || GM India
|-
| MCD || Mahindra Two Wheelers
|-
| MCG || Atul Auto Ltd.
|-
| MCL || International Cars And Motors Ltd.
|-
| MC1 || Force Motors Ltd.
|-
| MC2 || Eicher Motors Ltd./Volvo Eicher Commercial Vehicles Ltd.
|-
| MC4 || Dilip Chhabria Design Pvt Ltd.
|-
| MC9/RE1 || Reva Electric Car Company (Reva G-Wiz)
|-
| MDE || Kinetic Engineering Limited
|-
| MDH || Nissan Motor India Pvt Ltd. (including Datsun)
|-
| MDT || Kerala Automobiles Limited
|-
| MD2 || Bajaj Auto Ltd. & KTM and Husqvarna motorcycles built by Bajaj & Indian-market Triumph motorcycles built by Bajaj
|-
| MD6 || TVS Motor Company
|-
| MD7 || LML Ltd including Genuine Scooter Company Stella
|-
| MD9 || Shuttle Cars India
|-
| MEC || Daimler India Commercial Vehicles (BharatBenz)
|-
| MEE || Renault India Private Limited
|-
| MEG || Harley-Davidson India
|-
| MER || Benelli India
|-
| MES || Mahindra Navistar
|-
| MET || Piaggio India (Vespa, Indian-market Aprilia)
|-
| MEX || Škoda Auto Volkswagen India Pvt. Ltd. 2015 on
|-
| ME1 || India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| ME3 || Royal Enfield
|-
| ME4 || Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India
|-
| MYH || Ather Energy
|-
| MZB || Kia India Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| MZD || Classic Legends Private Limited – Jawa
|-
| MZZ || Citroen India (PCA Automobiles India Private Limited)
|-
| MZ7 || MG Motor India Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| M3G || Isuzu Motors India
|-
| M6F || UM Lohia Two Wheelers Private Limited
|-
| ME9/ || BUYMYEV TECHNOLOGY PVT. LTD. (Indibike)
|-
| MF3 || PT Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia
|-
| MHB || PT Nissan Motor Indonesia
|-
| MHD || PT Indomobil Suzuki International
|-
| MHF || PT [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Motor Manufacturing Indonesia
|-
| MHK || PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (includes Toyotas made by Astra Daihatsu)
|-
| MHL || PT Mercedes-Benz Indonesia
|-
| MHR || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Indonesia (PT Honda Prospect Motor) (car)
|-
| MHY || PT Suzuki Indomobil Motor (car, MPV, van)
|-
| MH1 || PT Astra Honda Motor (motorcycle)
|-
| MH3 || PT Yamaha Indonesia Motor Mfg.
|-
| MH4 || PT Kawasaki Motor Indonesia
|-
| MH8 || PT Suzuki Indomobil Motor (motorcycle)
|-
| MJB || GM Indonesia
|-
| MKF || PT Sokonindo Automobile (DFSK)
|-
| MK2 || PT Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia
|-
| MK3 || PT SGMW Motor Indonesia (Wuling)
|-
| MLB || Siam Yamaha Co Ltd.
|-
| MLC || Thai Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| MLE || Thai Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
|-
| MLH || Thai [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| MLW || Sco Motor Co., Ltd. (motorcycle)
|-
| MLY || Harley-Davidson Thailand
|-
| ML0 || Ducati Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
|-
| ML3 || Mitsubishi Motors, Dodge Colt 100 [Canada], [[w:Dodge Attitude#Third generation (A10; 2015)|Dodge Attitude]] [Mexico] made by Mitsubishi (Thailand)
|-
| ML5 || Kawasaki Motors Enterprise Co. Ltd. (Thailand)
|-
| MMA || Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
|-
| MMB || Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
|-
| MMC || Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
|-
| MMD || Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
|-
| MME || Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
|-
| MMF || BMW Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
|-
| MML || MG Thailand (SAIC-CP)
|-
| MMM || Chevrolet Thailand, Holden Colorado RC pickup
|-
| MMR || Subaru/Tan Chong Subaru Automotive (Thailand) Co. Ltd.
|-
| MMS || Suzuki Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (passenger car)
|-
| MMT || Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
|-
| MMU || Holden Thailand (Colorado RG, Colorado 7, & Trailblazer)
|-
| MM0, MM6, MM7, MM8 || Mazda Thailand (Ford-Mazda AutoAlliance Thailand plant)
|-
| MNA || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Thailand (Ford-Mazda AutoAlliance Thailand plant) for Australia/New Zealand export
|-
| MNB || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Thailand (Ford-Mazda AutoAlliance Thailand plant) for other right-hand drive markets
|-
| MNC || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Thailand (Ford-Mazda AutoAlliance Thailand plant) for left-hand drive markets
|-
| MNK || Hino Motors Manufacturing Thailand Co Ltd.
|-
| MNT || Nissan Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
|-
| MNU || Great Wall Motor Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
|-
| MN3 || Eagle Vista [Canada] made by Mitsubishi (Thailand)
|-
| MPA || Isuzu Motors (Thailand) Co., Ltd. & Holden Rodeo RA pickup made by Isuzu in Thailand
|-
| MPB || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Thailand (Ford Thailand Manufacturing plant)
|-
| MP1 || Isuzu Motors (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
|-
| MP2 || Mazda BT-50 pickup built by Isuzu Motors (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
|-
| MP3 || Plymouth Colt 100 [Canada] made by Mitsubishi (Thailand)
|-
| MP5 || Foton Motor Thailand
|-
| MRH || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Thailand (car)
|-
| MRT || Neta (Hozon Auto) made by Bangchan General Assembly Co., Ltd.
|-
| MR0 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Thailand (pickups & Fortuner SUV)
|-
| MR1 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Thailand
|-
| MR2 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Thailand (Gateway plant) (passenger cars & CUVs)
|-
| MR3 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Thailand (Hilux Champ chassis cab)
|-
| MS0 || [[../SUPER SEVEN STARS MOTORS INDUSTRY CO.,LTD/VIN Codes|Super Seven Stars Motors]] Myanmar
|-
| MS1 || [[../SUPER SEVEN STARS AUTOMOTIVE CO.,LTD/VIN Codes|Super Seven Stars Automotive]] Myanmar
|-
| MS3 || Suzuki Myanmar Motor Co., Ltd.
|-
| MXB || Saryarka AvtoProm bus (Kazakhstan)
|-
| MXL || Yutong bus made by Qaz Tehna (Kazakhstan)
|-
| MXV || IMZ-Ural Ural Motorcycles (Kazakhstan)
|-
| MX3 || Hyundai Trans Auto (Kazakhstan)
|-
| NAA || Iran Khodro (Peugeot Iran)
|-
| NAC || Mammut (truck trailers)
|-
| NAD || Škoda
|-
| NAL || Maral Sanat Jarvid (truck trailers)
|-
| NAP || Pars Khodro
|-
| NAS || SAIPA
|-
| NC0 || Oghab Afshan (bus)
|-
| NC9/ || VIRA Diesel
|-
| ND9/345 || Oghab Afshan (bus)
|-
| NFB || Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan Ltd.
|-
| NG3 || Lucky Motor Corporation
|-
| NLA || Honda Turkiye A.S. cars
|-
| NLC || Askam Kamyon Imalat Ve Ticaret A.S.
|-
| NLE || Mercedes-Benz Türk A.S. Truck
|-
| NLF || Koluman Otomotiv Endustri A.S. (truck trailer)
|-
| NLH || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] Assan Otomotiv car/SUV
|-
| NLJ || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] Assan Otomotiv van
|-
| NLN || Karsan
|-
| NLR || Otokar
|-
| NLT || Temsa
|-
| NLZ || Tezeller
|-
| NL1 || TOGG
|-
| NL2 || HABAS/HBS (bus)
|-
| NMA || MAN Türkiye A.Ş.
|-
| NMB || Mercedes-Benz Türk A.S. Buses
|-
| NMC || BMC Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.
|-
| NMH || Honda Anadolu motorcycle
|-
| NMS || Otoyol San. A.Ş.
|-
| NMT || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Motor Manufacturing Turkey
|-
| NM0 || Ford Otosan
|-
| NM1 || Oyak Renault Otomobil Fabrikaları A.Ş.
|-
| NM4 || Tofaş (Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi AS)
|-
| NNA || Anadolu Isuzu
|-
| NNN || Gépébus Oréos 4X (based on Otokar Vectio)
|-
| NNY || Yeksan (truck trailer)
|-
| NPM || Seyit Usta Treyler (truck trailer)
|-
| NPR || Oztreyler (truck trailer)
|-
| NPS || Nursan (truck trailer)
|-
| NP8|| ÖZGÜL TREYLER (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/002 || OKT Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/003 || Aksoylu Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/011 || Güleryüz (bus)
|-
| NP9/021 || Dogumak (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/022 || Alim (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/042 || Ali Rıza Usta (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/066 || Makinsan (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/093 || BRF Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/103 || Türkkar (bus)
|-
| NP9/106 || Çarsan Treyler (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/107 || Arbus Perfect (bus)
|-
| NP9/108 || Guven Makina (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/117 || Katmerciler (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/300 || TCV (bus)
|-
| NP9/258 || Ceytrayler (truck trailer)
|-
| NP9/306 || Cryocan (truck trailer)
|-
| NRE || Bozankaya
|-
| NRX || Musoshi
|-
| NRY || Pilotcar Otomotiv
|-
| NR9/012 || Doğan Yıldız (truck trailer)
|-
| NR9/028 || Micansan (truck trailer)
|-
| NR9/029 || Yilteks (truck trailer)
|-
| NR9/034 || Akia (bus)
|-
| NR9/084 || Harsan (truck trailer)
|-
| NR9/257 || Vega Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| NSA || SamAvto / SAZ (Uzbekistan)
|-
| NS2 || JV MAN Auto - Uzbekistan
|-
| NVA || Khazar (IKCO Dena made in Azerbaijan)
|-
| PAB || Isuzu Philippines Corporation
|-
| PAD || Honda Cars Philippines
|-
| PE1 || Ford Motor Company Philippines
|-
| PE3 || Mazda Philippines made by Ford Motor Company Philippines
|-
| PFD || Hyundai Motor Group Innovation Center in Singapore (HMGICS)
|-
| PL1 || Proton, Malaysia
|-
| PL8 || Inokom-Hyundai
|-
| PLP || Subaru/Tan Chong Motor Assemblies, Malaysia
|-
| PLZ || Isuzu Malaysia
|-
| PMA || MAN Truck & Bus Malaysia
|-
| PMH || Honda Malaysia (car)
|-
| PMK || Honda Boon Siew (motorcycle)
|-
| PML || Hicom
|-
| PMN || Modenas
|-
| PMS || Suzuki Assemblers Malaysia (motorcycle)
|-
| PMV || Hong Leong Yamaha Motor Sdn. Bhd.
|-
| PMY || Hong Leong Yamaha Motor Sdn. Bhd.
|-
| PM1 || BMW & Mini/Inokom
|-
| PM2 || Perodua
|-
| PM9/ || Bufori
|-
| PNA || Naza/Kia/Peugeot
|-
| PNA || Stellantis Gurun (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (Peugeot)
|-
| PNS || SKSBUS Malaysia (bus)
|-
| PNS || TMSBUS Malaysia (bus)
|-
| PNV || Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia
|-
| PN1 || UMW Toyota Motor
|-
| PN2 || UMW Toyota Motor
|-
| PN8 || Nissan/Tan Chong Motor Assemblies, Malaysia
|-
| PPP || Suzuki
|-
| PPV || Volkswagen/HICOM Automotive Manufacturers (Malaysia)
|-
| PP1 || Mazda/Inokom
|-
| PP3 || Hyundai/Inokom
|-
| PRA || Sinotruk
|-
| PRH || Chery (by Chery Alado Holdings [joint venture] at Oriental Assemblers plant)
|-
| PRX || Kia/Inokom
|-
| PR8 || Ford
|-
| PRN || GAC Trumpchi made by Warisan Tan Chong Automotif Malaysia
|-
| PV3 || Ford made by RMA Automotive Cambodia
|-
| RA1 || Steyr Trucks International FZE, UAE
|-
| RA9/015 || Al-Assri Industries (Trailers), UAE
|-
| LFA || Ford Lio Ho Motor Co Ltd. old designation (Taiwan)
|-
| LM1 || Tai Ling Motor Co Ltd. old designation (Suzuki motorcycle made by Tai Ling) (Taiwan)
|-
| LM4 || Tai Ling Motor Co Ltd. old designation (Suzuki ATV made by Tai Ling) (Taiwan)
|-
| LN1 || Tai Ling Motor Co Ltd. old designation (Suzuki motorcycle made by Tai Ling) (Taiwan)
|-
| LPR || Yamaha Motor Taiwan Co. Ltd. old designation (Taiwan)
|-
| RFB || Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. (Kymco), Taiwan
|-
| RFC || Taiwan Golden Bee
|-
| RFD || Tai Ling Motor Co Ltd. new designation (Taiwan)
|-
| RFG || Sanyang Motor Co., Ltd. (SYM) Taiwan
|-
| RFL || Her Chee Industrial Co., Ltd. (Adly), Taiwan
|-
| RFT || CPI Motor Company, Taiwan
|-
| RFV || Motive Power Industry Co., Ltd. (PGO Scooters including Genuine Scooter Company models made by PGO) (Taiwan)
|-
| RF3 || Aeon Motor Co., Ltd., Taiwan
|-
| RF5 || Yulon Motor Co. Ltd., Taiwan (Luxgen)
|-
| RF8 || EVT Technology Co., Ltd (motorcycle)
|-
| RGS || Kawasaki made by Kymco (Taiwan)
|-
| RHA || Ford Lio Ho Motor Co Ltd. new designation (Taiwan)
|-
| RKJ || Prince Motors Taiwan
|-
| RKL || Kuozui Motors (Toyota) (Taiwan)
|-
| RKM || China Motor Corporation (Taiwan)
|-
| RKR || Yamaha Motor Taiwan Co. Ltd. new designation
|-
| RKT || Access Motor Co., Ltd. (Taiwan)
|-
| RK3 || E-Ton Power Tech Co., Ltd. (motorcycle) (Taiwan)
|-
| RK3 || Honda Taiwan
|-
| RK7 || Kawasaki ATV made by Tai Ling Motor Co Ltd (rebadged Suzuki ATV) new designation (Taiwan)
|-
| RLA || Vina Star Motors Corp. – Mitsubishi (Vietnam)
|-
| RLC || Yamaha Motor Vietnam Co. Ltd.
|-
| RLE || Isuzu Vietnam Co.
|-
| RLH || Honda Vietnam Co. Ltd.
|-
| RLL || VinFast SUV
|-
| RLM || Mercedes-Benz Vietnam
|-
| RLN || VinFast
|-
| RLV || Vietnam Precision Industrial CO., Ltd. (Can-Am DS 70 & DS 90)
|-
| RL0 || Ford Vietnam
|-
| RL4 || Toyota Motor Vietnam
|-
| RP8 || Piaggio Vietnam Co. Ltd.
|-
| RUN || Sollets-Auto ST6 (Russia)
|-
| R1J || Jiayuan Power (Hong Kong) Ltd. (Electric Low-Speed Vehicles) (Hong Kong)
|-
| R1N || Niu Technologies Group Ltd. (Hong Kong)
|-
| R10 || ZAP (HK) Co. Ltd.
|-
| R19/003 || GMI (bus) (Hong Kong)
|-
| R2P || Evoke Electric Motorcycles (Hong Kong)
|-
| R3M || Mangosteen Technology Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong)
|-
| R36 || HK Shansu Technology Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong)
|-
| R4N || Elyx Smart Technology Holdings (Hong Kong) Ltd.
|-
| R82 || Hangzhou Lantu Technology Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong)
|-
| SAA || Austin
|-
| SAB || Optare (1985-2020), Switch Mobility (2021-)
|-
| SAD || Daimler Company Limited (until April 1987)
|-
| SAD || Jaguar SUV (E-Pace, F-Pace, I-Pace)
|-
| SAF || ERF trucks
|-
| SAH || Honda made by Austin Rover Group
|-
| SAJ || Jaguar passenger car & Daimler passenger car (after April 1987)
|-
| SAL || [[../Land Rover/VIN Codes|Land Rover]]
|-
| SAM || Morris
|-
| SAR || Rover & MG Rover Group
|-
| SAT || Triumph car
|-
| SAX || Austin-Rover Group including Sterling Cars
|-
| SAY || Norton Motorcycles
|-
| SAZ || Freight Rover
|-
| SA3 || Ginetta Cars
|-
| SA9/ || OX Global
|-
| SA9/A11 || Morgan Roadster (V6) (USA)
|-
| SA9/J00 || Morgan Aero 8 (USA)
|-
| SA9/004 || Morgan (4-wheel passenger cars)
|-
| SA9/005 || Panther
|-
| SA9/010 || Invicta S1
|-
| SA9/011 || Midas Cars
|-
| SA9/019 || TVR
|-
| SA9/022 || Triking Sports Cars
|-
| SA9/026 || Fleur de Lys
|-
| SA9/036 || Ginetta Cars
|-
| SA9/038 || DAX Cars
|-
| SA9/039 || Westfield Sportscars
|-
| SA9/048 || McLaren F1
|-
| SA9/050 || Marcos Engineering
|-
| SA9/062 || AC Cars (Brooklands Ace)
|-
| SA9/068 || Johnston Sweepers
|-
| SA9/073 || Tomita Auto UK (Tommykaira ZZ)
|-
| SA9/074 || Ascari
|-
| SA9/088 || Spectre Angel
|-
| SA9/105 || Mosler Europe Ltd.
|-
| SA9/113 || Noble
|-
| SA9/130 || MG Sport and Racing
|-
| SA9/141 || Wrightbus
|-
| SA9/202 || Morgan 3-Wheeler, Super 3
|-
| SA9/207 || Radical Sportscars
|-
| SA9/211 || BAC (Briggs Automotive Company Ltd.)
|-
| SA9/225 || Paneltex (truck trailer)
|-
| SA9/231 || Peel Engineering
|-
| SA9/337 || Ariel
|-
| SA9/341 || Zenos
|-
| SA9/438 || Charge Cars
|-
| SA9/458 || Gordon Murray Automotive
|-
| SA9/474 || Mellor (bus)
|-
| SA9/612 || Tiger Racing (kit car)
|-
| SA9/621 || AC Cars (Ace)
|-
| SBB || Leyland Vehicles
|-
| SBC || Iveco Ford Truck
|-
| SBF || Nugent (trailer)
|-
| SBJ || Leyland Bus
|-
| SBL || Leyland Motors & Leyland DAF
|-
| SBM || McLaren
|-
| SBS || Scammell
|-
| SBU || United Trailers (truck trailer)
|-
| SBV || Kenworth & Peterbilt trucks made by Leyland Trucks
|-
| SBW || Weightlifter Bodies (truck trailer)
|-
| SB1 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Motor Manufacturing UK
|-
| SCA || Rolls Royce passenger car
|-
| SCB || Bentley passenger car
|-
| SCC || Lotus Cars & Opel Lotus Omega/Vauxhall Lotus Carlton
|-
| SCD || Reliant Motors
|-
| SCE || DeLorean Motor Cars N. Ireland (UK)
|-
| SCF || Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd. passenger car & '21 DBX SUV
|-
| SCG || Triumph Engineering Co. Ltd. (original Triumph Motorcycle company)
|-
| SCK || Ifor Williams Trailers
|-
| SCM || Manitowoc Cranes - Grove
|-
| SCR || London Electric Vehicle Company & London Taxi Company & London Taxis International
|-
| SCV || Volvo Truck & Bus Scotland
|-
| SC5 || Wrightbus (from ~2020)
|-
| SC6 || INEOS Automotive SUV
|-
| SDB || Talbot
|-
| SDC || SDC Trailers Ltd. (truck trailer)
|-
| SDF || Dodge Trucks – UK 1981–1984
|-
| SDG || Renault Trucks Industries 1985–1992
|-
| SDK || Caterham Cars
|-
| SDL || TVR
|-
| SDP || NAC MG UK & MG Motor UK Ltd.
|-
| SDU || Utility (truck trailer)
|-
| SD7 || Aston Martin SUV
|-
| SD8 || Moke International Ltd.
|-
| SED || IBC Vehicles (General Motors Luton Plant) (Opel/Vauxhall, 1st gen. Holden Frontera, Isuzu Midi)
|-
| SEG || Dennis Eagle Ltd., including Renault Trucks Access and D Access
|-
| SEP || Don-Bur (truck trailer)
|-
| SEY || LDV Group Ltd.
|-
| SFA || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] UK
|-
| SFD || Dennis UK / Alexander Dennis
|-
| SFE || Alexander Dennis UK
|-
| SFR || Fruehauf (truck trailer)
|-
| SFN || Foden Trucks
|-
| SFZ || Tesla Roadster made by Lotus
|-
| SGA || Avondale (caravans)
|-
| SGB || Bailey (caravans)
|-
| SGD || Swift Group Ltd. (caravans)
|-
| SGE || Elddis (caravans)
|-
| SGL || Lunar Caravans Ltd.
|-
| SG4 || Coachman (caravans)
|-
| SHH || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] UK passenger car
|-
| SHS || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] UK SUV
|-
| SH7 || INEOS Automotive truck
|-
| SJA || Bentley SUV
|-
| SJB || Brian James Trailers Ltd
|-
| SJK || Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK - Infiniti
|-
| SJN || Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK - Nissan
|-
| SJ1 || Ree Automotive
|-
| SKA || Vauxhall
|-
| SKB || Kel-Berg Trailers & Trucks
|-
| SKF || Bedford Vehicles
|-
| SKL || Anaig (UK) Technology Ltd
|-
| SLA || Rolls Royce SUV
|-
| SLC || Thwaites Dumpers
|-
| SLG || McMurtry Automotive
|-
| SLN || Niftylift
|-
| SLP || JC Bamford Excavators Ltd.
|-
| SLV || Volvo bus
|-
| SMR || Montracon (truck trailer)
|-
| SMT || Triumph Motorcycles Ltd. (current Triumph Motorcycle company)
|-
| SMW || Cartwright (truck trailer)
|-
| SMX || Gray & Adams (truck trailer)
|-
| SNE || Barkas (East Germany)
|-
| SNE || Wartburg (East Germany)
|-
| SNT || Trabant (East Germany)
|-
| SNZ || MZ (motorcycle) (Germany)
|-
| SPE || B-ON GmbH (Germany)
|-
| ST3 || Calabrese (truck trailer)
|-
| SUA || Autosan (bus)
|-
| SUB || Tramp Trail (trailer)
|-
| SUC || Wiola (trailer)
|-
| SUD || Wielton (truck trailers)
|-
| SUF || FSM/Fiat Auto Poland (Polski Fiat)
|-
| SUG || Mega Trailers (truck trailer) (Poland)
|-
| SUJ || Jelcz (Poland)
|-
| SUL || FSC (Poland)
|-
| SUM || Novatrail (truck trailers)
|-
| SUP || FSO/Daewoo-FSO (Poland)
|-
| SUU || Solaris Bus & Coach (Poland)
|-
| SU9/AR1 || Emtech (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/BU1 || BODEX (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/DE2 || Demarco (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/EB1 || Elbo (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/EZ1 || Enerco (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/NC5 || Zasta (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/NJ1 || Janmil (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/PL1 || Plandex (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/PN1 || Solaris Bus & Coach (Poland) - until 2004
|-
| SU9/RE1 || Redos (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/RE2 || Gromex (trailer)
|-
| SU9/TR1 || Plavec (truck trailer)
|-
| SU9/YV1 || Pilea bus/ARP E-Vehicles (Poland)
|-
| SU9/ZC1 || Wolf (truck trailer)
|-
| SVH || ZASŁAW (truck trailer)
|-
| SVM || Inter Cars (truck trailer)
|-
| SVS || BODEX (truck trailer)
|-
| SV9/BC2 || BC-LDS (truck trailer)
|-
| SV9/DR1 || Dromech (truck trailer)
|-
| SV9/RN1 || Prod-Rent (truck trailer)
|-
| SWH || Temared (trailers)
|-
| SWR || Weekend Trailers (trailers)
|-
| SWV || TA-NO (Poland)
|-
| SWZ || Zremb (trailers)
|-
| SW9/BA1 || Solbus
|-
| SW9/WG3 || Grew / Opalenica (trailer)
|-
| SXE || Neptun Trailers
|-
| SXK || Konar (truck trailer)
|-
| SXM || MELEX Sp. z o.o.
|-
| SXY || Wecon (truck trailer)
|-
| SXX || Martz (trailer)
|-
| SX7 || Arthur Bus
|-
| SX9/GR0 || GRAS (truck trailer)
|-
| SX9/KT1 || AMZ - Kutno (bus)
|-
| SX9/PN1 || Polkon (truck trailer)
|-
| SX9/SP1 || SOMMER Polska (truck trailer)
|-
| SYB || Rydwan (trailer)
|-
| SYG || Gniotpol, GT Trailers Sp. z o. o. (truck trailer)
|-
| SY1 || Neso Bus (PAK-PCE Polski Autobus Wodorowy)
|-
| SY9/FR1 || Feber (truck trailer)
|-
| SY9/PF1 || KEMPF (truck trailer)
|-
| SZA || Scania Poland
|-
| SZC || Vectrix (motorcycle)
|-
| SZL || Boro Trailers
|-
| SZN || Przyczepy Głowacz (trailer)
|-
| SZR || Niewiadów (trailer)
|-
| SZ9/AE6 || Gewe (trailer)
|-
| SZ9/BG1 || GALA Syriusz (trailer)
|-
| SZ9/PW1 || PRO-WAM (truck trailer)
|-
| SZ9/TU1 || Ovibos (truck trailer)
|-
| S19/AM0 || AMO Plant (bus) (Latvia)
|-
| S19/EF1 || Electrify (minibus) (Latvia)
|-
| S19/MT0 || Mono-Transserviss (truck trailer) (Latvia)
|-
| TAW || NAW Nutzfahrzeuggesellschaft Arbon & Wetzikon AG (Switzerland)
|-
| TBS || Boschung AG (Switzerland)
|-
| TCC || Micro Compact Car AG (smart 1998-1999) (Switzerland)
|-
| TDM || QUANTYA Swiss Electric Movement (Switzerland)
|-
| TEB || Bucher Municipal AG (includes Johnston Sweepers) (Switzerland)
|-
| TEM || Twike (SwissLEM AG) (Switzerland)
|-
| TFH || FHS Frech-Hoch AG (truck trailer) (Switzerland)
|-
| TH9/512 || Hess AG (bus, trolleybus) (Switzerland)
|-
| TJ5 || Vezeko (trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TKP || Panav a.s. (truck trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TKX || Agados s.r.o. (trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TKY || Metaco (truck trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TK9/AH3 || Atmos Chrást s.r.o. (Czech Republic)
|-
| TK9/AP3 || Agados, spol. s.r.o. (trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TK9/HP1 || Hipocar (truck trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TK9/PP7 || Paragan Trucks (truck trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TK9/SL5 || SOR Libchavy buses (Czech Republic)
|-
| TK9/SS5 || SVAN Chrudim (truck trailer) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TLJ || Jawa Moto (Czech Republic)
|-
| TMA || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] Motor Manufacturing Czech
|-
| TMB || Škoda Auto|Škoda (Czech Republic)
|-
| TMC || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] Motor Manufacturing Czech (SUV)
|-
| TMK || Karosa (Czech Republic)
|-
| TMP || Škoda trolleybuses (Czech Republic)
|-
| TMT || Tatra passenger car (Czech Republic)
|-
| TM9/CA2 || Oasa bus (Oprava a stavba automobilů) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TM9/SE3 || Škoda Transportation trolleybuses (Czech Republic)
|-
| TM9/SE4 || Škoda Transportation trolleybuses (Czech Republic)
|-
| TM9/TE6 || TEDOM bus (Czech Republic)
|-
| TNA || Avia/Daewoo Avia
|-
| TNE || TAZ
|-
| TNG || LIAZ (Liberecké Automobilové Závody)
|-
| TNT || Tatra trucks
|-
| TNU || Tatra trucks
|-
| TN9/EE7 || Ekova (bus) (Czech Republic)
|-
| TN9/VP5 || VPS (truck trailer)
|-
| TRA || Ikarus Bus
|-
| TRC || Csepel bus
|-
| TRE || Rákos bus
|-
| TRK || Credo bus/Kravtex (Hungary)
|-
| TRR || Rába Bus (Hungary)
|-
| TRU || Audi Hungary (TT/TTS)
|-
| TSB || Ikarus Bus
|-
| TSC || VIN assigned by the National Transport Authority of Hungary
|-
| TSE || Ikarus Egyedi Autobuszgyar (EAG) (Hungary)
|-
| TSF || Alfabusz (Hungary)
|-
| TSM || Suzuki Hungary (Magyar Suzuki),<br> Fiat Sedici made by Suzuki, Subaru Justy G3X made by Suzuki, Suzuki Swace made by Toyota UK (TMUK)
|-
| TSY || Keeway Motorcycles (Hungary)
|-
| TS9/111 || NABI Autóbuszipari (bus) (Hungary)
|-
| TS9/130 || Enterprise Bus (Hungary)
|-
| TS9/131 || MJT bus (Hungary)
|-
| TS9/156 || Ikarus / ARC (Auto Rad Controlle Kft.) bus (Hungary)
|-
| TS9/167 || Hungarian Bus Kft. (Hungary)
|-
| TS9/170 || Csaba Metál bus (Hungary)
|-
| TT9/117 || Ikarus Egyedi Autobusz Gyarto Kft. / Magyar Autóbuszgyártó Kft. / MABI (Hungary)
|-
| TT9/123 || Ikarus Global Zrt. (Hungary)
|-
| TWG || CaetanoBus (Portugal)
|-
| TW0 || CaetanoBus (Portugal)
|-
| TW1 || Toyota Caetano Portugal, S.A. (Toyota Coaster, Dyna, Optimo, Land Cruiser 70 Series)
|-
| TW2 || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Lusitana (Portugal)
|-
| TW4 || UMM (Portugal)
|-
| TW6 || Citroën (Portugal)
|-
| TW7 || Mini Moke made by British Leyland & Austin Rover Portugal
|-
| TX5 || Mini Moke made by Cagiva (Moke Automobili)
|-
| TX9/046 || Riotrailer (truck trailer) (Portugal)
|-
| TYA || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp. Portugal (right-hand drive)
|-
| TYB || Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp. Portugal (left-hand drive)
|-
| T3C || Lohr Backa Topola (truck trailer) (Serbia)
|-
| T49/BG7 || FAP (Serbia)
|-
| T49/BH8 || Megabus (bus) (Serbia)
|-
| T49/BM2 || Feniksbus (minibus) (Serbia)
|-
| T49/V16 || MAZ made by BIK (bus) (Serbia)
|-
| T7A || Ebusco (Netherlands)
|-
| UA1 || AUSA Center (Spain)
|-
| UA4 || Irizar e-mobility (Spain)
|-
| UCY || Silence Urban Ecomobility (Spain)
|-
| UD3 || Granalu truck trailers (Belgium)
|-
| UHE || Scanvogn (trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UHL || Camp-let (recreational vehicle) (Denmark)
|-
| UH2 || Brenderup (trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH2 || De Forenede Trailerfabrikke (trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/DA3 || DAB - Danish Automobile Building (acquired by Scania) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/FK1 || Dapa Trailer (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/HF1 || HFR Trailer A/S (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/HM1 || HMK Bilcon A/S (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/NS1 || Nopa (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/NT1 || Nordic Trailer (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UH9/VM2 || VM Tarm a/s (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UJG || Garia ApS - Club Car (Denmark)
|-
| UKR || Hero Camper (Denmark)
|-
| UMT || MTDK a/s (truck trailer) (Denmark)
|-
| UN1 || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Ireland
|-
| UN9/089 || Brian Noone Ltd. bus (Ireland)
|-
| UU1 || Dacia (Romania)
|-
| UU2 || Oltcit
|-
| UU3 || ARO
|-
| UU4 || Roman/Grivbuz
|-
| UU5 || Rocar
|-
| UU6 || Daewoo Romania
|-
| UU7 || Euro Bus Diamond
|-
| UU9 || Astra Bus
|-
| UVW || UMM (truck trailer)
|-
| UV9/AT1 || ATP Trucks, ATP Bus
|-
| UWR || Robus Reșița
|-
| UZT || UTB (Uzina de Tractoare Brașov)
|-
| U1A || Sanos (North Macedonia)
|-
| U1V || VDL Van Hool Macedonia (North Macedonia)
|-
| U5Y || Kia Motors Slovakia
|-
| U59/AS0 || ASKO (truck trailer)
|-
| U6A || Granus (bus) (Slovakia)
|-
| U6Y || Kia Motors Slovakia
|-
| U69/NL1 || Novoplan (bus) (Slovakia)
|-
| U69/SB1 || SlovBus (bus)
|-
| U69/TR8 || Troliga Bus (Slovakia)
|-
| VAG || Steyr-Daimler-Puch Puch G & Steyr-Puch Pinzgauer
|-
| VAH || Hangler (truck trailer)
|-
| VAK || Kässbohrer Transport Technik
|-
| VAN || MAN Austria/Steyr-Daimler-Puch Steyr Trucks
|-
| VAV || Schwarzmüller
|-
| VAX || Schwingenschlogel (truck trailer)
|-
| VA0 || ÖAF, Gräf & Stift
|-
| VA4 || KSR Group (motorcycle)
|-
| VA9/GS0 || Gsodam Fahrzeugbau (truck trailer)
|-
| VA9/ZT0 || Berger Fahrzeugtechnik (truck trailer)
|-
| VBF || Fit-Zel (trailer)
|-
| VBK || KTM
|-
| VBK || Husqvarna Motorcycles & Gas Gas under KTM ownership
|-
| VCF || Fisker Inc. (Fisker Ocean) made by Magna Steyr
|-
| VFA || Alpine, Renault Alpine GTA
|-
| VFG || Caravelair (caravans)
|-
| VFK || Fruehauf (truck trailers)
|-
| VFN || Trailor, General Trailers (truck trailers)
|-
| VF1 || Renault, Mobilize Duo, Eagle Medallion made by Renault, Opel/Vauxhall Arena made by Renault,<br> Mitsubishi ASX, Colt, & Grandis made by Renault
|-
| VF2 || Renault Trucks
|-
| VF3 || Peugeot
|-
| VF4 || Talbot
|-
| VF5 || Iveco Unic
|-
| VF6 || Renault Trucks including vans made by Renault S.A. & Maxity truck made by Nissan Motor Ibérica S.A.
|-
| VF7 || Citroën
|-
| VF8 || Matra Automobiles (Talbot-Matra Murena, Rancho made by Matra, Renault Espace I/II/III, Avantime made by Matra)
|-
| VF9/024 || Legras Industries (truck trailer)
|-
| VF9/049 || G. Magyar (truck trailer)
|-
| VF9/063 || Maisonneuve (truck trailer)
|-
| VF9/132 || Jean CHEREAU S.A.S. (truck trailer)
|-
| VF9/300 || EvoBus France
|-
| VF9/435 || Merceron (truck trailer)
|-
| VF9/519 || Hommell
|-
| VF9/607 || Mathieu (sweeper)
|-
| VF9/673 || Venturi Automobiles
|-
| VF9/795 || [[../Bugatti/VIN Codes|Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.]]
|-
| VF9/848 || G. Magyar (truck trailer)
|-
| VF9/880 || Bolloré Bluebus
|-
| VF9/938 || SAFRA (bus)
|-
| VGA || Peugeot Motocycles
|-
| VGT || ASCA (truck trailers)
|-
| VGU || Trouillet (truck trailers)
|-
| VGW || BSLT (truck trailers)
|-
| VGX || Coder (truck trailers)
|-
| VGY || Lohr (truck trailers)
|-
| VG5 || MBK (motorcycles) & Yamaha Motor
|-
| VG6 || Renault Trucks & Mack Trucks medium duty trucks made by Renault Trucks
|-
| VG7 || Renault Trucks
|-
| VG8 || Renault Trucks
|-
| VG9/019 || Naya (autonomous vehicle)
|-
| VG9/061 || Alstom-NTL Aptis (bus)
|-
| VHR || Robuste (truck trailer)
|-
| VHX || Manitowoc Cranes - Potain
|-
| VH1 || Benalu SAS (truck trailer)
|-
| VH8 || Microcar
|-
| VJR || Ligier
|-
| VJY || Gruau
|-
| VJ1 || Heuliez Bus
|-
| VJ2 || Mia Electric
|-
| VJ4 || Gruau
|-
| VKD || Cheval Liberté (horse trailer)
|-
| VK1 || SEG (truck trailer)
|-
| VK2 || Grandin Automobiles
|-
| VK8 || Venturi Automobiles
|-
| VLG || Aixam-Mega
|-
| VLU || Scania France
|-
| VL4 || Bluecar, Citroen E-Mehari
|-
| VMK || Renault Sport Spider
|-
| VMS || Automobiles Chatenet
|-
| VMT || SECMA
|-
| VMW || Gépébus Oréos 55
|-
| VM3 || Lamberet (trailer)
|-
| VM3 || Chereau (truck trailer)
|-
| VN1 || Renault SOVAB (France), Opel/Vauxhall Movano A made at SOVAB
|-
| VN4 || Voxan
|-
| VNB || Sherco Motorcycles SARL
|-
| VNE || Iveco Bus/Irisbus (France)
|-
| VNK || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Motor Manufacturing France & '11-'13 Daihatsu Charade (XP90) made by TMMF
|-
| VNV || Nissan made in France by Renault
|-
| VRW || Goupil
|-
| VR1 || DS Automobiles
|-
| VR3 || Peugeot (under Stellantis)
|-
| VR7 || Citroën (under Stellantis)
|-
| VPL || Nosmoke S.A.S
|-
| VP3 || G. Magyar (truck trailers)
|-
| VXE || Opel Automobile Gmbh/Vauxhall van
|-
| VXF || Fiat van (Fiat Scudo, Ulysse '22-)
|-
| VXK || Opel Automobile Gmbh/Vauxhall car/SUV
|-
| VYC || Lancia Ypsilon (4th gen.)
|-
| VYE || Jeep Compass (3rd gen. - EU market '26-)
|-
| VYF || Fiat Doblo '23- & Fiat Topolino '23- & Fiat Grande Panda '25-
|-
| VYJ || Ram 1200 '25- (sold in Mexico)
|-
| VYS || Renault & Alpine made by Ampere (Renault 5 E-Tech, Renault 4 E-Tech, Alpine A290)
|-
| VZ2 || Avtomontaža (bus) (Slovenia)
|-
| UA2 || Iveco Massif & Campagnola made by Santana Motors in Spain
|-
| VSA || Mercedes-Benz Spain
|-
| VSC || Talbot
|-
| VSE || Santana Motors (Land Rover Series-based models) & Suzuki SJ/Samurai, Jimny, & Vitara made by Santana Motors in Spain
|-
| VSF || Santana Motors (Anibal/PS-10, 300/350)
|-
| VSK || Nissan Motor Iberica SA, Nissan passenger car/MPV/van/SUV/pickup & Ford Maverick 1993–1999
|-
| VSR || Leciñena (truck trailers)
|-
| VSS || SEAT/Cupra
|-
| VSX || Opel Spain
|-
| VSY || Renault V.I. Spain (bus)
|-
| VS1 || Pegaso
|-
| VS5 || Renault Spain
|-
| VS6 || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Spain
|-
| VS7 || Citroën Spain
|-
| VS8 || Peugeot Spain
|-
| VS9/001 || Setra Seida (Spain)
|-
| VS9/011 || Advanced Design Tramontana
|-
| VS9/013 || Mirofret (truck trailer) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/016 || Irizar bus (Spain)
|-
| VS9/019 || Cobos Hermanos (truck trailer) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/031 || Carrocerias Ayats (Spain)
|-
| VS9/032 || Parcisa (truck trailer) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/044 || Beulas bus (Spain) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/047 || Indox (truck trailers) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/052 || Montull (truck trailer) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/057 || SOR Ibérica (truck trailers) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/072 || Mecanicas Silva (truck trailer) (Spain)
|-
| VS9/098 || Sunsundegui bus (Spain)
|-
| VS9/172 || EvoBus Iberica
|-
| VS9/917 || Nogebus (Spain)
|-
| VTD || Montesa Honda (Honda Montesa motorcycle models)
|-
| VTH || Derbi (motorcycles)
|-
| VTL || Yamaha Spain (motorcycles)
|-
| VTM || Montesa Honda (Honda motorcycle models)
|-
| VTP || Rieju S.A. (motorcycles)
|-
| VTR || Gas Gas
|-
| VTT || Suzuki Spain (motorcycles)
|-
| VVC || SOR Ibérica (truck trailers)
|-
| VVG || Tisvol (truck trailers)
|-
| VV1 || Lecitrailer Group (truck trailers)
|-
| VV5 || Prim-Ball (truck trailers)
|-
| VV9/ || [[wikipedia:Tauro Sport Auto|TAURO]] Sport Auto Spain
|-
| VV9/010 || Castrosúa bus (Spain)
|-
| VV9/125 || Indetruck (truck trailers)
|-
| VV9/130 || Vectia Mobility bus (Spain)
|-
| VV9/130 || UNVI bus (Spain)
|-
| VV9/359|| Hispano-Suiza
|-
| VWA || Nissan Vehiculos Industriales SA, Nissan Commercial Vehicles
|-
| VWF || Guillén Group (truck trailers)
|-
| VWL || Indox (truck trailers)
|-
| VWV || Volkswagen Spain
|-
| VXY || Neobus a.d. (Serbia)
|-
| VX1 || [[w:Zastava Automobiles|Zastava Automobiles]] / [[w:Yugo|Yugo]] (Yugoslavia/Serbia)
|-
| V1Y || FAS Sanos bus (Yugoslavia/North Macedonia)
|-
| V2X || Ikarbus a.d. (Serbia)
|-
| V31 || Tvornica Autobusa Zagreb (TAZ) (Croatia)
|-
| V34 || Crobus bus (Croatia)
|-
| V39/AB8 || Rimac Automobili (Croatia)
|-
| V39/CB3 || Eurobus (Croatia)
|-
| V39/WB4 || Rasco (machinery) (Croatia)
|-
| V6A || Bestnet AS; Tiki trailers (Estonia)
|-
| V6B || Brentex-Trailer (Estonia)
|-
| V6T || Verge Motorcycles (Estonia)
|-
| V61 || Respo Trailers (Estonia)
|-
| WAC || Audi/Porsche RS2 Avant
|-
| WAF || Ackermann (truck trailer)
|-
| WAG || Neoplan
|-
| WAP || Alpina
|-
| WAU || Audi car
|-
| WA1 || Audi SUV
|-
| WBA || BMW car
|-
| WBC || Boom Trikes
|-
| WBJ || Bitter Cars
|-
| WBK || Böcker Maschinenwerke GmbH
|-
| WBL || Blumhardt (truck trailers)
|-
| WBS || BMW M car
|-
| WBU || Bürstner (caravans)
|-
| WBX || BMW SUV
|-
| WBY || BMW i car
|-
| WB0 || Böckmann Fahrzeugwerke GmbH (trailers)
|-
| WB1 || BMW Motorrad
|-
| WB2 || Blyss (trailer)
|-
| WB3 || BMW Motorrad Motorcycles made in India by TVS
|-
| WB4 || BMW Motorrad Motorscooters made in China by Loncin
|-
| WB5 || BMW i SUV
|-
| WCD || Freightliner Sprinter "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 2008–2019
|-
| WCM || Wilcox (truck trailer)
|-
| WDA || Mercedes-Benz incomplete vehicle (North America)
|-
| WDB || [[../Mercedes-Benz/VIN Codes|Mercedes-Benz]] & Maybach
|-
| WDC || Mercedes-Benz SUV
|-
| WDD || [[../Mercedes-Benz/VIN Codes|Mercedes-Benz]] car
|-
| WDF || [[../Mercedes-Benz/VIN Codes|Mercedes-Benz]] van/pickup (French & Spanish built models – Citan & Vito & X-Class)
|-
| WDP || Freightliner Sprinter incomplete vehicle 2005–2019
|-
| WDR || Freightliner Sprinter MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats) 2005–2019
|-
| WDT || Dethleffs (caravans)
|-
| WDW || Dodge Sprinter "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 2008–2009
|-
| WDX || Dodge Sprinter incomplete vehicle 2005–2009
|-
| WDY || Freightliner Sprinter truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats) 2005–2019
|-
| WDZ || Mercedes-Benz "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) (North America)
|-
| WD0 || Dodge Sprinter truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats) 2005–2009
|-
| WD1 || Freightliner Sprinter 2002 & Sprinter (Dodge or Freightliner) 2003–2005 incomplete vehicle
|-
| WD2 || Freightliner Sprinter 2002 & Sprinter (Dodge or Freightliner) 2003–2005 truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats)
|-
| WD3 || Mercedes-Benz truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats) (North America)
|-
| WD4 || Mercedes-Benz MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats) (North America)
|-
| WD5 || Freightliner Sprinter 2002 & Sprinter (Dodge or Freightliner) 2003–2005 MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats)
|-
| WD6 || Freightliner Unimog truck
|-
| WD7 || Freightliner Unimog incomplete vehicle
|-
| WD8 || Dodge Sprinter MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats) 2005–2009
|-
| WEB || Evobus GmbH (Mercedes-Benz buses)
|-
| WEG || Ablinger (trailer)
|-
| WEL || e.GO Mobile AG
|-
| WFB || Feldbinder Spezialfahrzeugwerke GmbH
|-
| WFC || Fendt (caravans)
|-
| WFD || Fliegl Trailer
|-
| WFN || Tadano Faun GmbH
|-
| WF0 || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Germany
|-
| WF1 || Merkur
|-
| WGB || Göppel Bus GmbH
|-
| WG0 || Goldhofer AG (truck trailer)
|-
| WHB || Hobby (recreational vehicles)
|-
| WHD || Humbaur GmbH (truck trailer)
|-
| WHL || Hulco (trailer)
|-
| WHW || Hako GmbH
|-
| WHY || Hymer (recreational vehicles)
|-
| WH7 || Hüfferman (truck trailer)
|-
| WJM || Iveco/Iveco Magirus
|-
| WJR || Irmscher
|-
| WKE || Krone (truck trailers)
|-
| WKK || Setra (Evobus GmbH; formerly Kässbohrer)
|-
| WKN || Knaus, Weinsberg (caravans)
|-
| WKV || Kässbohrer Fahrzeugwerke Gmbh (truck trailers)
|-
| WK0 || Kögel (truck trailers)
|-
| WLA || Langendorf semi-trailers
|-
| WLF || Liebherr (mobile crane)
|-
| WMA || MAN Truck & Bus
|-
| WME || smart (from 5/99)
|-
| WMG || Demag Cranes
|-
| WMM || Karl Müller GmbH & Co. KG (truck trailers)
|-
| WMP || M & V GmbH (truck trailers)
|-
| WMU || Hako GmbH (Multicar)
|-
| WMW || MINI car
|-
| WMX || Mercedes-AMG used for Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG & Mercedes-AMG GT & Mercedes-AMG One (not used in North America)
|-
| WMZ || MINI SUV
|-
| WNA || Next.e.GO Mobile SE
|-
| WP0 || Porsche car
|-
| WP1 || Porsche SUV
|-
| WRA || Renders (truck trailers)
|-
| WRJ || Riese & Müller (bicycle)
|-
| WSE || STEMA Metalleichtbau GmbH (trailers)
|-
| WSJ || STERK Trailers (truck trailers)
|-
| WSK || Schmitz-Cargobull Gotha (truck trailers)
|-
| WSM || Schmitz-Cargobull (truck trailers)
|-
| WSP || Spitzer (truck trailers)
|-
| WSV || Aebi Schmidt Group
|-
| WS5 || StreetScooter
|-
| WS7 || Sono Motors
|-
| WTA || Tabbert (caravans)
|-
| WUA || Audi Sport GmbH (formerly quattro GmbH) car
|-
| WU1 || Audi Sport GmbH (formerly quattro GmbH) SUV
|-
| WVG || Volkswagen SUV & Touran
|-
| WVM || Arbeitsgemeinschaft VW-MAN
|-
| WVP || Viseon Bus
|-
| WVW || Volkswagen passenger car, Sharan, Golf Plus, Golf Sportsvan
|-
| WV1 || Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (cargo van or 1st gen. Amarok)
|-
| WV2 || Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (passenger van or minibus)
|-
| WV3 || Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (chassis cab)
|-
| WV4 || Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (2nd gen. Amarok & T7 Transporter made by Ford)
|-
| WV5 || Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (T7 Caravelle made by Ford)
|-
| WWA || Wachenhut (truck trailer)
|-
| WWC || WM Meyer (truck trailer)
|-
| WZ1 || Toyota Supra (Fifth generation for North America)
|-
| W0D || Obermaier (truck trailer)
|-
| W0L || Adam Opel AG/Vauxhall & Holden
|-
| W0L || Holden Zafira & Subaru Traviq made by GM Thailand
|-
| W0V || Opel Automobile Gmbh/Vauxhall & Holden (since 2017)
|-
| W04 || Buick Regal & Buick Cascada
|-
| W06 || Cadillac Catera
|-
| W08 || Saturn Astra
|-
| W09/A55 || Artega Automobile
|-
| W09/A71 || Apollo
|-
| W09/B09 || Bitter Cars
|-
| W09/B16 || Brabus
|-
| W09/B48 || Bultmann (trailer)
|-
| W09/B91 || Boerner (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/C09 || Carnehl Fahrzeugbau (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/D04 || DOLL (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/D05 || Drögmöller (bus)
|-
| W09/D17 || Dinkel (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/E04 || Eder (trailer)
|-
| W09/E27 || Esterer (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/E32 || ES-GE (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/E45 || Eurotank (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/F46 || FSN Fahrzeugbau (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/F57 || Twike
|-
| W09/G10 || GOFA (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/G64 || Gumpert
|-
| W09/H10 || Heitling Fahrzeugbau
|-
| W09/H21|| Dietrich Hisle GmbH (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/H46 || Hendricks (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/H49 || H&W Nutzfahrzeugtechnik GmbH (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/J02 || Isdera
|-
| W09/K27 || Krupp
|-
| W09/K27 || Kotschenreuther (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/L05 || Liebherr
|-
| W09/L06 || LMC Caravan (recreational vehicles)
|-
| W09/M08 || MEILLER Kipper (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/M09 || Meierling (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/M29 || MAFA (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/M40 || Franz Mersch (trailer)
|-
| W09/M79 || MKF Matallbau (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/N22 || NFP-Eurotrailer (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/P13 || Pagenkopf (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/P72 || De Tomaso Automobili (Capricorn)
|-
| W09/R06 || RUF
|-
| W09/R14 || Rancke (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/R27 || Gebr. Recker Fahrzeugbau (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/R30 || Reisch (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/R38 || Rewaco
|-
| W09/SG0 || Sileo (bus)
|-
| W09/SG1 || SEKA (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/S24 || Sommer (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/S25 || Spermann (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/S27 || Schröder (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W11 || Wilken (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W14 || Weka (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W16 || Wellmeyer (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W20 || Kurt Willig GmbH & Co. KG (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W29 || Wiese (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W35 || Wecon GmbH (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W46 || WT-Metall (trailer)
|-
| W09/W59 || Wiesmann
|-
| W09/W70 || Wüllhorst (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/W86 || Web Trailer GmbH (truck trailer)
|-
| W09/004 || ORTEN Fahrzeugbau (truck trailer)
|-
| W1A || smart
|-
| W1H || Freightliner Econic
|-
| W1K || Mercedes-Benz car
|-
| W1N || Mercedes-Benz SUV
|-
| W1T || Mercedes-Benz truck
|-
| W1V || Mercedes-Benz van
|-
| W1W || Mercedes-Benz MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats) (North America)
|-
| W1X || Mercedes-Benz incomplete vehicle (North America)
|-
| W1Y || Mercedes-Benz truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats) (North America)
|-
| W1Z || Mercedes-Benz "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) (North America)
|-
| W2W || Freightliner Sprinter MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats)
|-
| W2X || Freightliner Sprinter incomplete vehicle
|-
| W2Y || Freightliner Sprinter truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats)
|-
| W2Z || Freightliner Sprinter "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats)
|-
| XDN || Mercedes Sprinter Classic made by GAZ (Russia)
|-
| XD2 || CTTM Cargoline (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| XEA || AmberAvto (Avtotor) (Russia)
|-
| XE2 || AMKAR Automaster (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| XF9/B24 || NK Trailers (truck trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XF9/D44 || Militsis (trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XF9/J03 || Christos Nezis (truck trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XF9/J63 || Kaoussis (truck trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XG3 || Petros Petropoulos Group - Ecoshift NOOS electric motorscooters (Greece)
|-
| XG4|| Mpitis (trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XG5 || Stavropoulos trailers (Greece)
|-
| XG6 || MGK Hellenic Motor motorcycles (Greece)
|-
| XG8 || Gorgolis SA motorcycles (Greece)
|-
| XG9/B01 || Sfakianakis bus Greece
|-
| XG9/H33 || Rappas Trailer (Greece)
|-
| XG9/H51 || Eurotrailer Tourlakopoulos (trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XG9/H92 || Diamantis N. & Co. (trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XΗ9/B21 || Hellenic Vehicle Industry - ELVO bus Greece
|-
| XH9/H08 || Poseidonas Litsakis (trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XH9/H34 || Flexi-Wheels (trailer) (Greece)
|-
| XJY || Bonum (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| XJ4 || PKTS (PK Transportnye Sistemy) bus (Russia)
|-
| XKM || Volgabus (Russia)
|-
| XLA || DAF Bus International
|-
| XLB || Volvo Car B.V./NedCar B.V. (Volvo Cars)
|-
| XLC || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Netherlands
|-
| XLD || Pacton Trailers B.V.
|-
| XLE || Scania Netherlands
|-
| XLH || Hapert (trailer)
|-
| XLJ || Anssems (trailer)
|-
| XLK || Burg Trailer Service BV (truck trailer)
|-
| XLR || DAF Trucks & Leyland DAF
|-
| XLU || Henra (trailer)
|-
| XLV || DAF Bus
|-
| XLW || Terberg Benschop BV
|-
| XL3 || Ebusco
|-
| XL4 ||Lightyear
|-
| XL9/001 || ESVE BV (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/002 || Jumbo Groenewegen (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/003 || Autobusfabriek Bova BV
|-
| XL9/004 || G.S. Meppel (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/007|| Broshuis BV (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/010|| Ginaf Trucks
|-
| XL9/014 || Contar (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/017 || Van Eck (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/021 || Donkervoort Cars
|-
| XL9/033 || Wijer (trailer)
|-
| XL9/039 || Talson (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/042 || Den Oudsten Bussen
|-
| XL9/052 || Witteveen (trailer)
|-
| XL9/055 || Fripaan (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/067 || HTF (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/068 || Vogelzang (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/069 || Kraker (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/070 || Veldhuizen (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/073 || Zwalve (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/074 || Draco (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/081 || EBO van Weel (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/084 || Vocol (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/089 || Meijvo (trailers)
|-
| XL9/092 || Bulthuis (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/103 || D-TEC (truck trailers)
|-
| XL9/109|| Groenewold Carrosseriefabriek B.V. (car transporter)
|-
| XL9/150 || Univan (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/251 || Spierings Mobile Cranes
|-
| XL9/320 || VDL Bova bus
|-
| XL9/348 || HOKA (trailer)
|-
| XL9/355 || Berdex (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/363 || Spyker
|-
| XL9/423 || Tijhof (trailer)
|-
| XL9/461 || BK Market Trailers (trailer)
|-
| XL9/495 || BE-Combi (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/508 || Talson (truck trailer)
|-
| XL9/527 || GINAF
|-
| XL9/530 || Ebusco
|-
| XL9/611 || Zocon (trailer)
|-
| XMC || NedCar B.V. Mitsubishi Motors (LHD)
|-
| XMD || NedCar B.V. Mitsubishi Motors (RHD)
|-
| XMG || VDL Bus International
|-
| XMR || Nooteboom Trailers
|-
| XM4 || RAVO Holding B.V. (sweeper)
|-
| XNB || NedCar B.V. Mitsubishi Motors made by Pininfarina (Colt CZC convertible - RHD)
|-
| XNC || NedCar B.V. Mitsubishi Motors made by Pininfarina (Colt CZC convertible - LHD)
|-
| XNJ || Broshuis (truck trailer)
|-
| XNL || VDL Bus & Coach
|-
| XNT || Pacton Trailers B.V. (truck trailer)
|-
| XN1 || Kraker Trailers Axel B.V. (truck trailer)
|-
| XPN || Knapen Trailers
|-
| XPP || Atec Trailers
|-
| XP7 || Tesla Europe (based in the Netherlands) (Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg)
|-
| XRP || Proline (trailer)
|-
| XRY || D-TEC (truck trailer)
|-
| XR7 || Qarry
|-
| XTA || Lada / AvtoVAZ (Russia)
|-
| XTB || Moskvitch / AZLK (Russia)
|-
| XTC || KAMAZ (Russia)
|-
| XTD || LuAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| XTE || ZAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| XTF || GolAZ (Russia)
|-
| XTH || GAZ (Russia)
|-
| XTJ || Lada Oka made by SeAZ (Russia)
|-
| XTK || IzhAvto (Russia)
|-
| XTM || MAZ (Belarus); used until 1997
|-
| XTP || Ural (Russia)
|-
| XTS || ChMZAP (truck trailer)
|-
| XTT || UAZ / Sollers (Russia)
|-
| XTU || Trolza, previously ZiU (Russia)
|-
| XTW || LAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| XTY || LiAZ (Russia)
|-
| XTZ || ZiL (Russia)
|-
| XUF || General Motors Russia
|-
| XUS || Nizhegorodets (minibus) (Russia)
|-
| XUU || Avtotor (Russia, Chevrolet SKD, Kaiyi Auto)
|-
| XUV || Avtotor (DFSK, SWM)
|-
| XUZ || InterPipeVAN (truck trailer)
|-
| XU6 || Avtodom (minibus) (Russia)
|-
| XVG || MARZ (bus) (Russia)
|-
| XVU || Start (truck trailer)
|-
| XW7 || Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia
|-
| XW8 || Volkswagen Group Russia
|-
| XWB || UZ-Daewoo/GM Uzbekistan/Ravon/UzAuto Motors (Uzbekistan)
|-
| XWB || Avtotor (Russia, BAIC SKD)
|-
| XWE || Avtotor (Russia, Hyundai-Kia SKD)
|-
| XWF || Avtotor (Russia, Chevrolet Tahoe/Opel/Cadillac/Hummer SKD)
|-
| XX3 || Ujet Manufacturing (Luxembourg)
|-
| XZB || SIMAZ (bus) (Russia)
|-
| XZE || Specpricep (truck trailer)
|-
| XZG || Great Wall Motor (Haval Motor Rus)
|-
| XZP || Gut Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| XZT || FoxBus (minibus) (Russia)
|-
| X1D || RAF (Rīgas Autobusu Fabrika)
|-
| X1E || KAvZ (Russia)
|-
| X1F || NefAZ (Russia)
|-
| X1M || PAZ (Russia)
|-
| X1P || Ural (Russia)
|-
| X2L || Fox Trailer (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| X21 || Diesel-S (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| X4K || Volgabus (Volzhanin) (Russia)
|-
| X4T || Sommer (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| X4X || Avtotor (Russia, BMW SKD)
|-
| X5A || UralSpetzTrans (trailer) (Russia)
|-
| X6D || VIS-AVTO (Russia)
|-
| X6S || TZA (truck trailer) (Russia)
|-
| X7L || Renault AvtoFramos (1998-2014), Renault Russia (2014-2022), Moskvitch (2022-) (Russia)
|-
| X7M || [[../Hyundai/VIN Codes|Hyundai]] & Vortex (rebadged Chery) made by TagAZ (Russia)
|-
| X89/AD4 || ВМЗ (VMZ) bus
|-
| X89/BF8 || Rosvan bus
|-
| X89/CU2 || EvoBus Russland (bus)
|-
| X89/DJ2 || VMK (bus)
|-
| X89/EY4 || Brabill (minibus)
|-
| X89/FF6 || Lotos (bus)
|-
| X89/FY1 || Sherp
|-
| X8J || IMZ-Ural Ural Motorcycles
|-
| X8U || Scania Russia
|-
| X9F || Ford Motor Company ZAO
|-
| X9L || GM-AvtoVAZ
|-
| X9N || Samoltor (minibus)
|-
| X9P || Volvo Vostok ZAO Volvo Trucks
|-
| X9W || Brilliance, Lifan made by Derways
|-
| X9X || Great Wall Motors
|-
| X96 || GAZ
|-
| X99/000 || Marussia
|-
| X90 || GRAZ (truck trailer)
|-
| X0T || Tonar (truck trailer)
|-
| YAF || Faymonville (special transport trailers)
|-
| YAG || Syma aanhangwagenbouw BV (trailers)
|-
| YAM || MAX Trailer (truck trailers)
|-
| YAR || Toyota Motor Europe (based in Belgium) used for Toyota ProAce, Toyota ProAce City and Toyota ProAce Max made by PSA/Stellantis
|-
| YA2 || Atlas Copco Group
|-
| YA5 || Renders (truck trailers)
|-
| YA9/ || Lambrecht Constructie NV (truck trailers)
|-
| YA9/111 || OVA (truck trailer)
|-
| YA9/121 || Atcomex (truck trailer)
|-
| YA9/128 || EOS (bus)
|-
| YA9/139 || ATM Maaseik (truck trailer)
|-
| YA9/168 || Forthomme s.a. (truck trailer)
|-
| YA9/169 || Automobiles Gillet
|-
| YA9/180 || EOS (bus)
|-
| YA9/191 || Stokota (truck trailers)
|-
| YA9/195 || Denolf & Depla (minibus)
|-
| YBC || Toyota Supra (Fifth generation for Europe)
|-
| YBD || Addax Motors
|-
| YBW || Volkswagen Belgium
|-
| YB1 || Volvo Trucks Belgium (truck)
|-
| YB2 || Volvo Trucks Belgium (bus chassis)
|-
| YB3 || Volvo Trucks Belgium (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| YB4 || LAG Trailers N.V. (truck trailer)
|-
| YB6 || Jonckheere (VDL Belgium)
|-
| YCM || Mazda Motor Logistics Europe (based in Belgium) used for European-market Mazda 121 made by Ford in UK
|-
| YC1 || Honda Belgium NV (motorcycle)
|-
| YC3 || Eduard Trailers
|-
| YD3 || Chateau Caravans (Belgium)
|-
| YE1 || Van Hool (trailers) (Belgium)
|-
| YE2 || Van Hool (buses) (Belgium)
|-
| YE6 || STAS (truck trailer)
|-
| YE7 || Turbo's Hoet (truck trailer)
|-
| YF1 || Närko (truck trailer) (Finland)
|-
| YF3 || NTM (truck trailer) (Finland)
|-
| YF9/050 || JYKI (truck trailer) (Finland)
|-
| YGU || JJ-Trailer (trailer) (Finland)
|-
| YH1 || Solifer (caravans)
|-
| YH2 || BRP Finland (Lynx snowmobiles)
|-
| YH4 || Fisker Automotive (Fisker Karma) built by Valmet Automotive
|-
| YK1 || Saab-Valmet Finland
|-
| YK2, YK7 || Sisu Auto
|-
| YK9/003 || Kabus (bus)
|-
| YK9/008 || Lahden Autokori (-2013), SOE Busproduction Finland (2014-2024) (bus)
|-
| YK9/016 || Linkker (bus)
|-
| YSC || Cadillac BLS (made by Saab)
|-
| YSM || Polestar cars
|-
| YSP || Volta Trucks AB
|-
| YSR || Polestar SUV
|-
| YS2 || Scania commercial vehicles (Södertälje factory)
|-
| YS3 || Saab cars
|-
| YS4 || Scania buses and bus chassis until 2002 (Katrineholm factory)
|-
| YS5 || OmniNova (minibus)
|-
| YS7 || Solifer (recreational vehicles)
|-
| YS9/KV1 || Backaryd (minibus)
|-
| YTN || Saab made by NEVS
|-
| YT7 || Kabe (recreational vehicles)
|-
| YT9/007 || Koenigsegg
|-
| YT9/034 || Carvia
|-
| YU1 || Fogelsta, Brenderup Group (trailer)
|-
| YU7 || Husaberg (motorcycles)
|-
| YVV || WiMa 442 EV
|-
| YV1 || [[../Volvo/VIN Codes|Volvo]] cars
|-
| YV2 || [[../Volvo/VIN Codes|Volvo]] trucks
|-
| YV3 || [[../Volvo/VIN Codes|Volvo]] buses and bus chassis
|-
| YV4 || [[../Volvo/VIN Codes|Volvo]] SUV
|-
| YV5 || [[../Volvo/VIN Codes|Volvo Trucks]] incomplete vehicle
|-
| YYB || Tysse (trailer) (Norway)
|-
| YYC || Think Nordic (Norway)
|-
| YY9/017 || Skala Fabrikk (truck trailer) (Norway)
|-
| Y29/005 || Buddy Electric (Norway)
|-
| Y3D || MTM (truck trailer) (Belarus)
|-
| Y3F || Lida Buses Neman (Belarus)
|-
| Y3J || Belkommunmash (Belarus)
|-
| Y3K || Neman Bus (Belarus)
|-
| Y3M || MAZ (Belarus)
|-
| Y3W || VFV built by Unison (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/047 || Altant-M (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/051 || Bus-Master (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/052 || Aktriya (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/072 || Klassikbus (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/074 || Alterra (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/135 || EuroDjet (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/240 || Alizana (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/241 || RSBUS (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y39/323 || KF-AVTO (minibus) (Belarus)
|-
| Y4F || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Belarus
|-
| Y4K || Geely / BelGee (Belarus)
|-
| Y6B || Iveco (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6D || ZAZ / AvtoZAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6E || LAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6J || Bogdan group (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6L || Bogdan group including buses, Hyundai made by Bogdan (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6U || Škoda Auto made by Eurocar (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6W || PGFM (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y6Y || LEV (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y69/B19 || Stryi Avto (bus) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y69/B98 || VESTT (truck trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y69/C49 || TAD (truck trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y69/D75 || Barrel Dash (truck trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7A || KrAZ trucks (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7B || Bogdan group (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7C || Great Wall Motors, Geely made by KrASZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7D || GAZ made by KrymAvtoGAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7F || Boryspil Bus Factory (BAZ) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7S || Korida-Tech (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7W || Geely made by KrASZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y7X || ChRZ - Ruta (minibus) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y79/A23 || OdAZ (truck trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y79/B21 || Everlast (truck trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y79/B65 || Avtoban (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y8A || LAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y8H || UNV Leader (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y8S || Alekseevka Ximmash (truck trailer)
|-
| Y8X || GAZ Gazelle made by KrASZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y89/A98 || VARZ (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y89/B75 || Knott (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y89/C65 || Electron (Ukraine)
|-
| Y9A || PAVAM (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y9H || LAZ (Ukraine)
|-
| Y9M || AMS (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y9T || Dnipro (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y9W || Pragmatec (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y9Z || Lada, Renault made in Ukraine
|-
| Y99/B32 || Santey (trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y99/E21 || Zmiev-Trans (truck trailer) (Ukraine)
|-
| Y99/C79 || Electron (bus) (Ukraine)
|-
| ZAA || Autobianchi
|-
| ZAA || Alfa Romeo Junior 2024-
|-
| ZAC || Jeep, Dodge Hornet
|-
| ZAH || Rolfo SpA (car transporter)
|-
| ZAJ || Trigano SpA; Roller Team recreational vehicles
|-
| ZAM || [[../Maserati/VIN Codes|Maserati]]
|-
| ZAP || Piaggio/Vespa/Gilera
|-
| ZAR || Alfa Romeo car
|-
| ZAS || Alfa Romeo Alfasud & Sprint through 1989
|-
| ZAS || Alfa Romeo SUV 2018-
|-
| ZAX || Zorzi (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA4 || Omar (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/A12 || [[../Lamborghini/VIN Codes|Lamborghini]] through mid-2003 (including LM002)
|-
| ZA9/A17 || Carrozzeria Luigi Dalla Via (bus)
|-
| ZA9/A18 || De Simon (bus)
|-
| ZA9/A33 || Bucher Schörling Italia (sweeper)
|-
| ZA9/A47 || Silver Car (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/B09 || Mauri Bus System
|-
| ZA9/B34 || Mistrall Siloveicoli (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/B45 || Bolgan (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/B49 || OMSP Macola (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/B95 || Carrozzeria Autodromo Modena (bus)
|-
| ZA9/C38 || Dulevo (sweeper)
|-
| ZA9/D38 || Cizeta Automobili SRL
|-
| ZA9/D39 || [[../Bugatti/VIN Codes|Bugatti Automobili S.p.A]]
|-
| ZA9/D50 || Italdesign Giugiaro
|-
| ZA9/E15 || Tecnobus Industries S.r.l.
|-
| ZA9/E73 || Sitcar (bus)
|-
| ZA9/E88 || Cacciamali (bus)
|-
| ZA9/F16 || OMT (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/F21 || FGM (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/F48 || Rampini Carlo S.p.A. (bus)
|-
| ZA9/F76 || Pagani Automobili S.p.A.
|-
| ZA9/G97 || EPT Horus (bus)
|-
| ZA9/H02 || O.ME.P.S. (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/H44|| Green-technik by Green Produzione s.r.l. (machine trailer)
|-
| ZA9/J21 || VRV (truck trailer)
|-
| ZA9/J93 || Barbi (bus)
|-
| ZA9/K98 || Esagono Energia S.r.l.
|-
| ZA9/M09 || Italdesign Automobili Speciali
|-
| ZA9/M27 || Dallara Stradale
|-
| ZA9/M91 || Automobili Pininfarina
|-
| ZA9/180 || De Simon (bus)
|-
| ZA0 || Acerbi (truck trailer)
|-
| ZBA || Piacenza (truck trailer)
|-
| ZBB || Bertone
|-
| ZBD || InBus
|-
| ZBN || Benelli
|-
| ZBW || Rayton-Fissore Magnum
|-
| ZB3 || Cardi (truck trailer)
|-
| ZCB || E. Bartoletti SpA (truck trailer)
|-
| ZCF || Iveco / Irisbus (Italy)
|-
| ZCG || Cagiva SpA / MV Agusta
|-
| ZCG || Husqvarna Motorcycles Under MV Agusta ownership
|-
| ZCM || BredaMenarinibus / Menarinibus / IIA (Industria Italiana Autobus)
|-
| ZCN || Astra Veicoli Industriali S.p.A.
|-
| ZCV || Vibreti (truck trailer)
|-
| ZCZ || BredaBus
|-
| ZC1 || AnsaldoBreda S.p.A.
|-
| ZC2 || Chrysler TC by Maserati
|-
| ZDC || Honda Italia Industriale SpA
|-
| ZDF || [[../Ferrari/VIN Codes|Ferrari]] Dino
|-
| ZDJ || ACM Biagini
|-
| ZDM || Ducati Motor Holdings SpA
|-
| ZDT || De Tomaso Modena SpA
|-
| ZDY || Cacciamali
|-
| ZD0 || Yamaha Motor Italia SpA & Belgarda SpA
|-
| ZD3 || Beta Motor
|-
| ZD4 || Aprilia
|-
| ZD5 || Casalini
|-
| ZEB || Ellebi (trailer)
|-
| ZEH || Trigano SpA (former SEA Group); McLouis & Mobilvetta recreational vehicles
|-
| ZES || Bimota
|-
| ZEX || TM Racing (motorcycle)
|-
| ZE5 || Carmosino (truck trailer)
|-
| ZFA || Fiat
|-
| ZFB || Fiat MPV/SUV & Ram Promaster City
|-
| ZFC || Fiat truck (Fiat Ducato for Mexico, Ram 1200)
|-
| ZFE || KL Motorcycle
|-
| ZFF || [[../Ferrari/VIN Codes|Ferrari]]
|-
| ZFJ || Carrozzeria Pezzaioli (truck trailer)
|-
| ZFM || Fantic Motor
|-
| ZFR || Pininfarina
|-
| ZF4 || Qvale
|-
| ZGA || Iveco Bus
|-
| ZGP || Merker (truck trailer)
|-
| ZGU || Moto Guzzi
|-
| ZG2 || FAAM (commercial vehicle)
|-
| ZHU || Husqvarna Motorcycles Under Cagiva ownership
|-
| ZHW || [[../Lamborghini/VIN Codes|Lamborghini]] (Mid-2003 – )
|-
| ZHZ || Menci SpA (truck trailer)
|-
| ZH5 || FB Mondial (motorcycle)
|-
| ZJM || Malaguti
|-
| ZJN || Innocenti
|-
| ZJT || Italjet
|-
| ZKC || Ducati Energia Free Duck (electric quadricycle)
|-
| ZKH || Husqvarna Motorcycles Srl Under BMW ownership
|-
| ZLA || Lancia
|-
| ZLF || Tazzari GL SpA
|-
| ZLM || Moto Morini srl
|-
| ZLV || Laverda
|-
| ZNN || Energica
|-
| ZN0 || SWM Motorcycles S.r.l.
|-
| ZN3 || Iveco Defence
|-
| ZN6 || Maserati SUV
|-
| ZPB || [[../Lamborghini/VIN Codes|Lamborghini]] SUV
|-
| ZPY || DR Automobiles
|-
| ZP6 || XEV
|-
| ZP8 || Regis Motors
|-
| ZRG || Tazzari GL Imola SpA
|-
| ZR1 || Microlino
|-
| ZSG || [[../Ferrari/VIN Codes|Ferrari]] SUV
|-
| ZX1 || TAM (Tovarna Avtomobilov Maribor) bus (Slovenia)
|-
| ZX9/KU0 || K-Bus / Kutsenits (bus) (Slovenia)
|-
| ZX9/DUR || TAM bus (Slovenia)
|-
| ZX9/TV0 || TAM (Tovarna Vozil Maribor) bus (Slovenia)
|-
| ZY1 || Adria (recreational vehicles) (Slovenia)
|-
| ZY9/002 || Gorica (truck trailer) (Slovenia)
|-
| ZZ1 || Tomos motorcycle (Slovenia)
|-
| Z29/555 || Vozila FLuid (truck trailer) (Slovenia)
|-
| Z39/008 || Autogalantas (truck trailer) (Lithuania)
|-
| Z39/009 || Patikima Linija / Rimo (truck trailer) (Lithuania)
|-
| Z6F || Ford Sollers (Russia)
|-
| Z7C || Luidor (bus) (Russia)
|-
| Z7N || KAvZ (bus) (Russia)
|-
| Z7T || RoAZ (bus) (Russia)
|-
| Z7X || Isuzu Rus (Russia)
|-
| Z76 || SEMAZ (Kazakhstan)
|-
| Z8M || Marussia (Russia)
|-
| Z8N || Nissan Manufacturing Rus (Russia)
|-
| Z8T || PCMA Rus (Peugeot, Citroen, Mitsubishi) (Russia)
|-
| Z8Y || Nasteviya (bus) (Russia)
|-
| Z9B || KuzbassAvto (Hyundai bus) (Russia)
|-
| Z9M || Mercedes-Benz Trucks Vostok (Russia)
|-
| Z9N || Samotlor-NN (Iveco) (Russia)
|-
| Z94 || Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Rus (2008-2023), Solaris Auto - AGR Automotive (2023-) (Russia)
|-
| Z07 || Volgabus (Russia)
|-
| 1A4 1A8 || Chrysler brand MPV/SUV 2006–2009 only
|-
| 1A9/007 || Advance Mixer Inc.
|-
| 1A9/111 || Amerisport Inc. (federalized late model DeTomaso Pantera)
|-
| 1A9/398 || Ameritech (federalized McLaren F1 & Bugatti EB110)
|-
| 1A9/569 || American Custom Golf Cars Inc. (AGC)
|-
| 1AC || American Motors Corporation MPV
|-
| 1AF || American LaFrance truck
|-
| 1AJ || Ajax Manufacturing (truck trailer)
|-
| 1AM || American Motors Corporation car & Renault Alliance 1983 only
|-
| 1BN || Beall Trailers (truck trailer)
|-
| 1B3 || Dodge car 1981–2011
|-
| 1B4 || Dodge MPV/SUV 1981–2002
|-
| 1B6 || Dodge incomplete vehicle 1981–2002
|-
| 1B7 || Dodge truck 1981–2002
|-
| 1B9/133 || Buell Motorcycle Company through mid-1995
|-
| 1B9/274 || Brooks Brothers Trailers
|-
| 1B9/275 || Boydstun Metal Works (truck trailer)
|-
| 1B9/285 || Boss Hoss Cycles
|-
| 1B9/374 || Big Dog Custom Motorcycles
|-
| 1B9/975 || Motus Motorcycles
|-
| 1BA || Blue Bird Corporation bus
|-
| 1BB || Blue Bird Wanderlodge MPV
|-
| 1BD || Blue Bird Corporation incomplete vehicle
|-
| 1BL || Balko, Inc.
|-
| 1C3 || Chrysler brand car 1981–2011
|-
| 1C3 || Chrysler Group (all brands) car (including Lancia) 2012-
|-
| 1C4 || Chrysler brand MPV 1990–2005
|-
| 1C4 || Chrysler Group (all brands) MPV 2012–
|-
| 1C6 || Chrysler Group (all brands) truck 2012–
|-
| 1C8 || Chrysler brand MPV 2001–2005
|-
| 1C9/257 || CEI Equipment Company (truck trailer)
|-
| 1C9/291 || CX Automotive
|-
| 1C9/496 || Carlinville Truck Equipment (truck trailer)
|-
| 1C9/535 || Chance Coach (bus)
|-
| 1C9/772 || Cozad (truck trailer)
|-
| 1C9/971 || Cool Amphibious Manufacturers International
|-
| 1CM || Checker Motors Corporation
|-
| 1CU || Cushman Haulster (Cushman division of Outboard Marine Corporation)
|-
| 1CY || Crane Carrier Company
|-
| 1CY || Battle Motors, Inc.
|-
| 1D3 || Dodge truck 2002–2009
|-
| 1D4 || Dodge MPV/SUV 2003–2011 only
|-
| 1D7 || Dodge truck 2002–2011
|-
| 1D8 || Dodge MPV/SUV 2003–2009 only
|-
| 1D9/008 || KME Fire Apparatus
|-
| 1D9/791 || Dennis Eagle, Inc.
|-
| 1DW || Stoughton Trailers (truck trailer)
|-
| 1E9/007 || E.D. Etnyre & Co. (truck trailer)
|-
| 1E9/190 || Electric Transit Inc. (trolleybus)
|-
| 1E9/363 || E-SUV LLC (E-Ride Industries)
|-
| 1E9/456 || Electric Motorsport (GPR-S electric motorcycle)
|-
| 1E9/526 || Epic TORQ
|-
| 1E9/581 || Vetter Razor
|-
| 1EU || Eagle Coach Corporation (bus)
|-
| 1FA || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] car
|-
| 1FB || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats)
|-
| 1FC || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] stripped chassis made by Ford
|-
| 1FD || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] incomplete vehicle
|-
| 1FM || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] MPV/SUV
|-
| 1FT || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] truck
|-
| 1FU || Freightliner (truck)
|-
| 1FV || Freightliner (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1F1 || Ford SUV - Limousine (through 2009)
|-
| 1F6 || Ford stripped chassis made by Detroit Chassis LLC
|-
| 1F9/037 || Federal Motors Inc.
|-
| 1F9/140 || Ferrara Fire Apparatus (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1F9/458 || Faraday Future prototypes
|-
| 1F9/FT1 || FWD Corp.
|-
| 1F9/ST1 || Seagrave Fire Apparatus
|-
| 1F9/ST2 || Seagrave Fire Apparatus
|-
| 1G || [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]] USA
|-
| 1G0 || GMC "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 1981–1986
|-
| 1G0 || GMC Rapid Transit Series (RTS) bus 1981–1984
|-
| 1G0 || Opel/Vauxhall car 2007–2017
|-
| 1G1 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] car
|-
| 1G2 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Pontiac]] car
|-
| 1G3 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Oldsmobile]] car
|-
| 1G4 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Buick]] car
|-
| 1G5 || GMC MPV/SUV 1981–1986
|-
| 1G6 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Cadillac]] car
|-
| 1G7 || Pontiac car only sold by GM Canada
|-
| 1G8 || Chevrolet MPV/SUV 1981–1986
|-
| 1G8 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Saturn]] car 1991–2010
|-
| 1G9/492 || GreenPower Motor Company incomplete vehicle
|-
| 1G9/495 || Google & Waymo
|-
| 1GA || Chevrolet "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats)
|-
| 1GB || Chevrolet incomplete vehicles
|-
| 1GC || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] truck
|-
| 1GD || GMC incomplete vehicles
|-
| 1GE || Cadillac incomplete vehicle
|-
| 1GF || Flxible bus
|-
| 1GG || Isuzu pickup trucks made by GM
|-
| 1GH || GMC Rapid Transit Series (RTS) bus 1985–1986
|-
| 1GH || Oldsmobile MPV/SUV 1990–2004
|-
| 1GH || Holden Acadia 2019–2020
|-
| 1GJ || GMC "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 1987–
|-
| 1GK || GMC MPV/SUV 1987–
|-
| 1GM || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Pontiac]] MPV
|-
| 1GN || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] MPV/SUV 1987-
|-
| 1GR || Great Dane Trailers (truck trailer)
|-
| 1GT || [[../GM/VIN Codes|GMC]] Truck
|-
| 1GY || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Cadillac]] SUV
|-
| 1HA || Chevrolet incomplete vehicles made by Navistar International
|-
| 1HD || Harley-Davidson & LiveWire
|-
| 1HF || Honda motorcycle/ATV/UTV
|-
| 1HG || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] car made by Honda of America Mfg. in Ohio
|-
| 1HS || International Trucks & Caterpillar Trucks (truck)
|-
| 1HT || International Trucks & Caterpillar Trucks & Chevrolet Silverado 4500HD, 5500HD, 6500HD (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1HV || International or IC Bus (incomplete bus)
|-
| 1H9/674 || Hines Specialty Vehicle Group
|-
| 1JC || Jeep SUV 1981–1988 (using AMC-style VIN structure)
|-
| 1JJ || Wabash (truck trailer)
|-
| 1JT || Jeep truck 1981–1988 (using AMC-style VIN structure)
|-
| 1JU || Marmon Motor Company
|-
| 1J4 || Jeep SUV 1989–2011 (using Chrysler-style VIN structure)
|-
| 1J7 || Jeep truck 1989–1992 (using Chrysler-style VIN structure)
|-
| 1J8 || Jeep SUV 2002–2011 (using Chrysler-style VIN structure)
|-
| 1K9/058 || Kovatech Mobile Equipment (fire engine)
|-
| 1LH || Landoll (truck trailer)
|-
| 1LJ || Lincoln incomplete vehicle
|-
| 1LN || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Lincoln]] car
|-
| 1LV || Lectra Motors
|-
| 1L0 || Lufkin Trailers
|-
| 1L1 || Lincoln car – limousine
|-
| 1L9/155 || LA Exotics
|-
| 1L9/234 || Laforza
|-
| 1MB || Mercedes-Benz Truck Co.
|-
| 1ME || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mercury]] car
|-
| 1MR || Continental Mark VI & VII 1981–1985 & Continental sedan 1982–1985
|-
| 1M0 || John Deere Gator
|-
| 1M1 || Mack Truck USA (truck)
|-
| 1M2 || Mack Truck USA (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1M3 || Mack Truck USA (glider)
|-
| 1M8 || Motor Coach Industries (bus)
|-
| 1M9/089 || Mauck Special Vehicles (bus)
|-
| 1M9/682 || Mosler Automotive
|-
| 1M9/816 || Proterra Through mid-2019
|-
| 1N4 || Nissan car
|-
| 1N6 || Nissan truck
|-
| 1N9/019 || Neoplan USA
|-
| 1N9/084 || Eldorado National (California)
|-
| 1N9/140 || North American Bus Industries (bus)
|-
| 1N9/393 || Nikola Corporation (truck)
|-
| 1NK || Kenworth (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1NL || Gulf Stream Coach (recreational vehicles)
|-
| 1NN || Monon made by Evans Products Co. (truck trailer)
|-
| 1NP || Peterbilt (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1NX || Toyota car made by NUMMI
|-
| 1P3 || Plymouth car
|-
| 1P4 || Plymouth MPV/SUV
|-
| 1P7 || Plymouth Scamp
|-
| 1P9/038 || Hawk Vehicles, Inc. (Trihawk motorcycles)
|-
| 1P9/213 || Panoz
|-
| 1P9/255 || Pinson Truck Equipment Company (truck trailer)
|-
| 1PM || Polar Tank Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| 1PT || Trailmobile Trailer Corporation (truck trailer)
|-
| 1PY || John Deere USA
|-
| 1RF || Roadmaster, Monaco Coach Corporation
|-
| 1RN || Reitnouer (truck trailer)
|-
| 1R9/956 || Reede Fabrication and Design (motorcycles)
|-
| 1ST || Airstream (recreational vehicles)
|-
| 1S1 || Strick Trailers (truck trailer)
|-
| 1S9/003 || Sutphen Corporation (fire engines - truck)
|-
| 1S9/009|| Superior Trailer Works (truck trailer)
|-
| 1S9/098 || Scania AB (Scania CN112 bus made in Orange, CT)
|-
| 1S9/842 || Saleen S7
|-
| 1S9/260 || Stairs Welding RL (truck trailer)
|-
| 1S9/901 || Suckerpunch Sallys, LLC
|-
| 1S9/944 || SSC North America
|-
| 1TD || Timpte (truck trailer)
|-
| 1TK || Trail King (truck trailer)
|-
| 1TD || Transcraft Corporation (truck trailer)
|-
| 1T7 || Thomas Built Buses
|-
| 1T8 || Thomas Built Buses
|-
| 1T9/072 || The Trailer Co. (truck trailer)
|-
| 1T9/717 || Thunder Mountain Custom Cycles
|-
| 1T9/825 || TICO Manufacturing Company (truck)
|-
| 1T9/899 || Tomcar USA
|-
| 1T9/970 || Three Two Chopper
|-
| 1TC || Coachmen Recreational Vehicle Co., LLC
|-
| 1TU || Transportation Manufacturing Corporation
|-
| 1UJ || Jayco, Inc.
|-
| 1UT || AM General military trucks, Jeep DJ made by AM General
|-
| 1UY || Utility Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| 1VH || Orion Bus Industries
|-
| 1VW || Volkswagen car
|-
| 1V1 || Volkswagen truck
|-
| 1V2 || Volkswagen SUV
|-
| 1V9/048 || Vector Aeromotive
|-
| 1V9/113 || Vantage Vehicle International Inc (low-speed vehicle)
|-
| 1V9/190 || Vanderhall Motor Works
|-
| 1WA || White Motor Company (Autocar brand truck)
|-
| 1WB || White Motor Company (Autocar brand incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1WD || White Motor Company (Autocar brand glider)
|-
| 1WT || Winnebago Industries
|-
| 1WU || White Motor Company (White brand truck)
|-
| 1WV 1WW || Winnebago Industries
|-
| 1WX || White Motor Company (White brand incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 1WY || White Motor Company (White brand glider)
|-
| 1W1 || Wilson Trailer Co. (truck trailer)
|-
| 1W8 || Witzco (truck trailer)
|-
| 1W9/010 || Weld-It Company (truck trailer)
|-
| 1W9/485 || Wheego Electric Cars
|-
| 1W9/488 || Certified Stainless Services Inc. DBA West-Mark (truck trailer) (2010 & later)
|-
| 1XA || Excalibur Automobile Corporation
|-
| 1XK || Kenworth (truck)
|-
| 1XM || Renault Alliance/GTA/Encore 1984–1987
|-
| 1XP || Peterbilt (truck)
|-
| 1Y1 || Chevrolet/Geo car made by NUMMI
|-
| 1YJ || Rokon International, Inc.
|-
| 1YV || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mazda made by Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA/AutoAlliance International]]
|-
| 1ZV || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford made by Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA/AutoAlliance International]]
|-
| 1ZW || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mercury made by AutoAlliance International]]
|-
| 1Z3 1Z7 || Mitsubishi Raider
|-
| 1Z9/170 || [[w:Orange County Choppers|Orange County Choppers]]
|-
| 10B || Brenner Tank (truck trailer)
|-
| 10R || E-Z-GO
|-
| 10T || Oshkosh Corporation
|-
| 11H || Hendrickson Mobile Equipment, Inc. (fire engines - incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 12A || Avanti
|-
| 137 || AM General Hummer & Hummer H1
|-
| 13N || Fontaine (truck trailer)
|-
| 15G || Gillig bus
|-
| 16C || Clenet Coachworks
|-
| 16W || Certified Stainless Services Inc. DBA West-Mark (truck trailer) (prior to 2010)
|-
| 16X || Vixen 21 motorhome
|-
| 17N || John Deere incomplete vehicle (RV chassis)
|-
| 19U || Acura car made by Honda of America Mfg. in Ohio
|-
| 19V || Acura car made by Honda Manufacturing of Indiana
|-
| 19X || Honda car made by Honda Manufacturing of Indiana
|-
| 2A3 || Imperial
|-
| 2A4 2A8 || Chrysler brand MPV/SUV 2006–2011 only
|-
| 2AY 2AZ || Hino
|-
| 2BC || Jeep Wrangler (YJ) 1987–1988 (using AMC-style VIN structure)
|-
| 2BP || Ski-Doo
|-
| 2BV || Can-Am & Bombardier ATV
|-
| 2BW || Can-Am Commander E LSV
|-
| 2BX || Can-Am Spyder
|-
| 2BZ || Can-Am Freedom Trailer for Can-Am Spyder
|-
| 2B1 || Orion Bus Industries
|-
| 2B3 || Dodge car 1981–2011
|-
| 2B4 || Dodge MPV 1981–2002
|-
| 2B5 || Dodge "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 1981–2002
|-
| 2B6 || Dodge incomplete vehicle 1981–2002
|-
| 2B7 || Dodge truck 1981–2002
|-
| 2B9/001 || BWS Manufacturing (truck trailer)
|-
| 2C1 || Geo/Chevrolet car made by CAMI Automotive
|-
| 2C3 || Chrysler brand car 1981–2011
|-
| 2C3 || Chrysler Group (all brands) car (including Lancia) 2012-
|-
| 2C4 || Chrysler brand MPV/SUV 2000–2005
|-
| 2C4 || Chrysler Group (all brands) MPV (including Lancia Voyager & Volkswagen Routan) 2012-
|-
| 2C7 || Pontiac car made by CAMI Automotive only sold by GM Canada
|-
| 2C8 || Chrysler brand MPV/SUV 2001–2005
|-
| 2C9/145 || Campagna Motors
|-
| 2C9/197 || Canadian Electric Vehicles
|-
| 2CC || American Motors Corporation MPV
|-
| 2CG || Asüna/Pontiac SUV made by CAMI Automotive only sold by GM Canada
|-
| 2CK || GMC Tracker SUV made by CAMI Automotive only sold by GM Canada 1990–1991 only
|-
| 2CK || Pontiac Torrent SUV made by CAMI Automotive 2006–2009 only
|-
| 2CM || American Motors Corporation car
|-
| 2CN || Geo/Chevrolet SUV made by CAMI Automotive 1990–2011 only
|-
| 2CT || GMC Terrain SUV made by CAMI Automotive 2010–2011 only
|-
| 2D4 || Dodge MPV 2003–2011 only
|-
| 2D6 || Dodge incomplete vehicle 2003
|-
| 2D7 || Dodge truck 2003
|-
| 2D8 || Dodge MPV 2003–2011 only
|-
| 2DG || Ontario Drive & Gear
|-
| 2DM || Di-Mond Trailers (truck trailer)
|-
| 2DN || Dynasty Electric Car Corporation
|-
| 2EZ || Electra Meccanica Vehicles Corp. (Solo)
|-
| 2E3 || Eagle car 1989–1997 (using Chrysler-style VIN structure)
|-
| 2E4 || 2011 Lancia MPV (Voyager)
|-
| 2E9/080 || Electra Meccanica Vehicles Corp. (Solo)
|-
| 2FA || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] car
|-
| 2FH || Zenn Motor Co., Ltd. (low-speed vehicle)
|-
| 2FM || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] MPV/SUV
|-
| 2FT || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] truck
|-
| 2FU || Freightliner (truck)
|-
| 2FV || Freightliner (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 2FW || Sterling Trucks (truck-complete vehicle)
|-
| 2FY || New Flyer
|-
| 2FZ || Sterling Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 2Gx || [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]] Canada
|-
| 2G0 || GMC "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 1981–1986
|-
| 2G1 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] car
|-
| 2G2 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Pontiac]] car
|-
| 2G3 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Oldsmobile]] car
|-
| 2G4 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Buick]] car
|-
| 2G5 || GMC MPV 1981–1986
|-
| 2G5 || Chevrolet BrightDrop / BrightDrop Zevo truck 2023-
|-
| 2G6 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Cadillac]] car
|-
| 2G7 || Pontiac car only sold by GM Canada
|-
| 2G8 || Chevrolet MPV 1981–1986
|-
| 2GA || Chevrolet "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats)
|-
| 2GB || Chevrolet incomplete vehicles
|-
| 2GC || Chevrolet truck
|-
| 2GD || GMC incomplete vehicles
|-
| 2GE || Cadillac incomplete vehicle
|-
| 2GH || GMC GM New Look bus & GM Classic series bus
|-
| 2GJ || GMC "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 1987–
|-
| 2GK || GMC MPV/SUV 1987–
|-
| 2GN || Chevrolet MPV/SUV 1987-
|-
| 2GT || GMC truck
|-
| 2HG || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] car made by Honda of Canada Manufacturing
|-
| 2HH || Acura car made by Honda of Canada Manufacturing
|-
| 2HJ || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] truck made by Honda of Canada Manufacturing
|-
| 2HK || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] MPV/SUV made by Honda of Canada Manufacturing
|-
| 2HM || Hyundai Canada
|-
| 2HN || Acura SUV made by Honda of Canada Manufacturing
|-
| 2HS || International Trucks (truck)
|-
| 2HT || International Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 2HV || International or IC Bus (incomplete bus)
|-
| 2J4 || Jeep Wrangler (YJ) 1989–1992 (using Chrysler-style VIN structure)
|-
| 2L1 || Lincoln incomplete vehicle – limo
|-
| 2LD || Triple E Canada Ltd.
|-
| 2LJ || Lincoln incomplete vehicle – hearse
|-
| 2LM || Lincoln SUV
|-
| 2LN || Lincoln car
|-
| 2M1 || Mack Trucks Canada (truck)
|-
| 2M2 || Mack Trucks Canada (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 2M3 || Mack Truck Canada (glider)
|-
| 2ME || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mercury]] car
|-
| 2MG || Motor Coach Industries (Produced from Sept. 1, 2008 on)
|-
| 2MH || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mercury]] incomplete vehicle
|-
| 2MR || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mercury]] MPV
|-
| 2M9/044 || Westward Industries
|-
| 2M9/058 || Motor Coach Industries
|-
| 2NK || Kenworth incomplete vehicle
|-
| 2NP || Peterbilt incomplete vehicle
|-
| 2NV || Nova Bus
|-
| 2P3 || Plymouth car
|-
| 2P4 || Plymouth MPV 1981–2000
|-
| 2P5 || Plymouth "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) 1981–1983
|-
| 2P9/001 || Prevost 1981–1995
|-
| 2PC || Prevost 1996-
|-
| 2S2 || Suzuki car made by CAMI Automotive
|-
| 2S3 || Suzuki SUV made by CAMI Automotive
|-
| 2TU || Tri-Star Industries Limited
|-
| 2T1 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] car made by TMMC
|-
| 2T2 || Lexus SUV made by TMMC
|-
| 2T3 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] SUV made by TMMC
|-
| 2T9/206 || Triple E Canada Ltd.
|-
| 2V4 || Volkswagen Routan made by Chrysler Canada
|-
| 2V8 || Volkswagen Routan made by Chrysler Canada
|-
| 2W9/044 || Westward Industries
|-
| 2WK || Western Star (truck)
|-
| 2WL || Western Star (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 2WM || Western Star (glider)
|-
| 2XK || Kenworth (truck)
|-
| 2XM || Eagle Premier 1988 only (using AMC-style VIN structure)
|-
| 2XP || Peterbilt (truck)
|-
| 3A4 3A8 || Chrysler brand MPV 2006–2010 only
|-
| 3A9/050 || MARGO (truck trailer)
|-
| 3AK || Freightliner Trucks (truck)
|-
| 3AL || Freightliner Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3AW || Fruehauf de Mexico (truck trailer)
|-
| 3AX || Scania Mexico
|-
| 3BE || Scania Mexico (buses)
|-
| 3BH || Western Star 3700 (truck) made by DINA S.A.
|-
| 3BH || Western Star (truck)
|-
| 3BJ || Western Star 3700 (incomplete vehicle) made by DINA S.A.
|-
| 3BJ || Western Star (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3BK || Kenworth (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3BM || Motor Coach Industries bus made by DINA S.A.
|-
| 3BP || Peterbilt (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3B3 || Dodge car 1981–2011
|-
| 3B4 || Dodge SUV 1986–1993
|-
| 3B6 || Dodge incomplete vehicle 1981–2002
|-
| 3B7 || Dodge truck 1981–2002
|-
| 3C3 || Chrysler brand car 1981–2011
|-
| 3C3 || Chrysler Group (all brands) car (including Fiat) 2012-
|-
| 3C4 || Chrysler brand MPV 2001–2005
|-
| 3C4 || Chrysler Group (all brands) MPV (including Fiat) 2012-
|-
| 3C6 || Chrysler Group (all brands) truck 2012–
|-
| 3C7 || Chrysler Group (all brands) incomplete vehicle 2012–
|-
| 3C8 || Chrysler brand MPV 2001–2005
|-
| 3CA || Chrysler brand MPV 2001 (PT Cruiser w/serial# 232057-265662)
|-
| 3CE || Volvo Buses de Mexico
|-
| 3CG || KTMMEX S.A. de C.V.
|-
| 3CZ || Honda SUV made by Honda de Mexico
|-
| 3D2 || Dodge incomplete vehicle 2007–2009
|-
| 3D3 || Dodge truck 2006–2009
|-
| 3D4 || Dodge SUV 2009–2011
|-
| 3D6 || Dodge incomplete vehicle 2003–2011
|-
| 3D7 || Dodge truck 2002–2011
|-
| 3EL || ATRO (truck trailer)
|-
| 3E4 || 2011 Fiat SUV (Freemont)
|-
| 3FA || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] car
|-
| 3FC || Ford stripped chassis made by Ford & IMMSA
|-
| 3FE || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Mexico
|-
| 3FM || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] MPV/SUV
|-
| 3FN || Ford F-650/F-750 made by Blue Diamond Truck Co. (truck)
|-
| 3FR || Ford F-650/F-750 & Ford LCF made by Blue Diamond Truck Co. (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3FT || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] truck
|-
| 3F6 || Sterling Bullet
|-
| 3G || [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]] Mexico
|-
| 3G0 || Saab 9-4X 2011
|-
| 3G0 || Holden Equinox 2018–2020
|-
| 3G1 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] car
|-
| 3G2 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Pontiac]] car
|-
| 3G4 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Buick]] car
|-
| 3G5 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Buick]] SUV
|-
| 3G7 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Pontiac]] SUV
|-
| 3GA || JAC models assembled by Giant Motors in Mexico
|-
| 3GC || Chevrolet truck
|-
| 3GK || GMC SUV
|-
| 3GM || Holden Suburban
|-
| 3GN || Chevrolet SUV
|-
| 3GP || Honda Prologue EV made by GM
|-
| 3GS || Saturn SUV
|-
| 3GT || GMC truck
|-
| 3GY || Cadillac SUV
|-
| 3H1 || Honda motorcycle/UTV
|-
| 3H3 || Hyundai de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. for Hyundai Translead (truck trailers)
|-
| 3HA || International Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3HC || International Trucks (truck)
|-
| 3HD || Acura SUV made by Honda de Mexico
|-
| 3HG || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] car made by Honda de Mexico
|-
| 3HS || International Trucks & Caterpillar Trucks (truck)
|-
| 3HT || International Trucks & Caterpillar Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 3HV || International (incomplete bus)
|-
| 3JB || BRP Mexico (Can-Am ATV/UTV & Can-Am Ryker)
|-
| 3KM || Kia/Hyundai MPV/SUV made by KMMX
|-
| 3KP || Kia/Hyundai car made by KMMX
|-
| 3LN || Lincoln car
|-
| 3MA || Mercury car (1988-1995)
|-
| 3MD || Mazda de Mexico car (Mazda 2)
|-
| 3ME || Mercury car (1996-2011)
|-
| 3MF || BMW M car
|-
| 3MG || Isuzu Motors de Mexico
|-
| 3MJ || Mazda CX-3 (Mazda de Mexico)
|-
| 3MV || Mazda de Mexico SUV (Mazda CX-30)
|-
| 3MW || BMW car
|-
| 3MY || Toyota car made by Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation
|-
| 3MZ || Mazda de Mexico car (Mazda 3)
|-
| 3N1 || Nissan Mexico car
|-
| 3N6 || Nissan Mexico truck & Chevrolet City Express
|-
| 3N8 || Nissan Mexico MPV
|-
| 3NS || Polaris Industries ATV
|-
| 3NE || Polaris Industries UTV
|-
| 3P3 || Plymouth car
|-
| 3PC || Infiniti SUV made by COMPAS
|-
| 3TM || Toyota truck made by TMMBC
|-
| 3TY || Toyota truck made by TMMGT
|-
| 3VV || Volkswagen Mexico SUV
|-
| 3VW || Volkswagen Mexico car
|-
| 3WK || Kenworth truck
|-
| 3WP || Peterbilt truck
|-
| 3X1 || Mack Truck Mexico (truck)
|-
| 3X2 || Mack Truck Mexico (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 4A3 || Mitsubishi Motors car
|-
| 4A4 || Mitsubishi Motors SUV
|-
| 4B3 || Dodge car made by Diamond-Star Motors factory
|-
| 4B9/038 || BYD Coach & Bus LLC
|-
| 4C3 || Chrysler car made by Diamond-Star Motors factory
|-
| 4C6 || Reinke Manufacturing Company (truck trailer)
|-
| 4C9/272 || Christini Technologies (motorcycle)
|-
| 4C9/561 || Czinger
|-
| 4C9/626 || Canoo Inc.
|-
| 4CD || Oshkosh Chassis Division incomplete vehicle (RV chassis)
|-
| 4DR || IC Bus
|-
| 4E3 || Eagle car made by Diamond-Star Motors factory
|-
| 4EN || E-ONE, Inc. (fire engines - truck)
|-
| 4EZ || KZ Recreational Vehicles (trailer)
|-
| 4F2 || Mazda SUV made by Ford
|-
| 4F4 || Mazda truck made by Ford
|-
| 4G1 || Chevrolet Cavalier convertible made by Genasys L.C. – a GM/ASC joint venture
|-
| 4G2 || Pontiac Sunfire convertible made by Genasys L.C. – a GM/ASC joint venture
|-
| 4G3 || Toyota Cavalier made by GM
|-
| 4G5 || General Motors EV1
|-
| 4GD || WhiteGMC Brigadier 1988–1989 made by GM
|-
| 4GD || Opel/Vauxhall Sintra
|-
| 4GL || Buick incomplete vehicle
|-
| 4GT || Isuzu incomplete vehicle built by GM
|-
| 4JG || [[../Mercedes-Benz/VIN Codes|Mercedes-Benz]] SUV
|-
| 4J8 || LBT, Inc. (truck trailer)
|-
| 4KB || Chevrolet W-Series incomplete vehicle (gas engine only) made by GM
|-
| 4KD || GMC W-Series incomplete vehicle (gas engine only) made by GM
|-
| 4KL || Isuzu N-Series incomplete vehicle (gas engine only) built by GM
|-
| 4LM || Capacity Trucks (truck) [terminal tractors]
|-
| 4M2 || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Mercury]] MPV/SUV
|-
| 4ML || Oshkosh Trailer Division
|-
| 4MZ || Buell Motorcycle Company
|-
| 4N2 || Nissan Quest made by Ford
|-
| 4NU || Isuzu Ascender made by GM
|-
| 4P1 || Pierce Manufacturing Inc. USA
|-
| 4P3 || Plymouth car made by Diamond-Star Motors factory 1990–1994
|-
| 4P3 || Mitsubishi Motors SUV made by Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing of America 2013–2015 for export only
|-
| 4RK || Nova Bus & Prevost made by Nova Bus (US) Inc.
|-
| 4S1 || Isuzu truck made by Subaru Isuzu Automotive
|-
| 4S2 || Isuzu SUV made by Subaru Isuzu Automotive & 2nd gen. Holden Frontera made by SIA
|-
| 4S3 || [[../Subaru/VIN Codes|Subaru]] car
|-
| 4S4 || [[../Subaru/VIN Codes|Subaru]] SUV/MPV
|-
| 4S6 || Honda SUV made by Subaru Isuzu Automotive
|-
| 4S7 || Spartan Motors incomplete vehicle
|-
| 4S9/197 || Smith Electric Vehicles
|-
| 4S9/345 || Satellite Suites (trailer)
|-
| 4S9/419 || Spartan Motors truck
|-
| 4S9/454 || Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus passenger car
|-
| 4S9/520 || Signature Autosport, LLC (Osprey Custom Cars)
|-
| 4S9/542 || Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus SCG Boot (M.P.V.)
|-
| 4S9/544 || Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus passenger car
|-
| 4S9/559 || Spartan Fire, LLC truck (formerly Spartan ER)
|-
| 4S9/560 || Spartan Fire, LLC incomplete vehicle (formerly Spartan ER)
|-
| 4S9/569 || SC Autosports, LLC (Kandi)
|-
| 4TA || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] truck made by NUMMI
|-
| 4T1 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] car made by Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky
|-
| 4T3 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] MPV/SUV made by Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky
|-
| 4T4 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] car made by Subaru of Indiana Automotive
|-
| 4T9/208 || Xos, Inc.
|-
| 4T9/228 || Lumen Motors
|-
| 4UF || Arctic Cat Inc.
|-
| 4US || BMW car
|-
| 4UZ || Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation & <br /> gas-powered Mitsubishi Fuso trucks assembled by Freightliner Custom Chassis & <br /> Thomas Built Buses FS-65 & Saf-T-Liner C2
|-
| 4V0 || Crossroads RV (recreational vehicles)
|-
| 4V1 || WhiteGMC (truck) 1988-1995
|-
| 4V2 || WhiteGMC (incomplete vehicle) 1988-1995
|-
| 4V3 || WhiteGMC (glider) 1988-1995
|-
| 4V1 || Volvo Trucks North America [low cab-over engine] (truck) 2000-2003
|-
| 4V2 || Volvo Trucks North America [low cab-over engine] (incomplete vehicle) 2000-2003
|-
| 4V4 || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional] (truck) 1996+
|-
| 4V5 || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional] (incomplete vehicle) 1996+
|-
| 4V6 || Volvo Trucks North America (glider)
|-
| 4VA || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional- Class 7 w/air brakes] (truck) 1997-1999
|-
| 4VB || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional- Class 7 w/air brakes] (incomplete vehicle) 1997-1999
|-
| 4VC || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional- Class 7 w/hydraulic brakes] (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 4VD || Volvo Trucks North America [low cab-over engine- Class 7 w/air brakes] (truck)
|-
| 4VE || Volvo Trucks North America [low cab-over engine- Class 7 w/air brakes] (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 4VG || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional- Class 8 w/air brakes] (truck) 1997-1999
|-
| 4VH || Volvo Trucks North America [conventional- Class 8 w/air brakes] (incomplete vehicle) 1997-1999
|-
| 4VJ || Volvo Trucks North America [high cab-over engine- Class 8 w/air brakes] (truck)
|-
| 4VK || Volvo Trucks North America [high cab-over engine- Class 8 w/air brakes] (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 4VL || Volvo Trucks North America [low cab-over engine- Class 8 w/air brakes] (truck)
|-
| 4VM || Volvo Trucks North America [low cab-over engine- Class 8 w/air brakes] (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 4VZ || Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group (incomplete vehicle – bare chassis only)
|-
| 4WW || Wilson Trailer Sales
|-
| 4W1 || '24+ Chevrolet Suburban HD made by GM Defense for US govt. in Concord, NC
|-
| 4W5 || Acura ZDX EV made by GM
|-
| 4XA || Polaris Inc.
|-
| 4X4 || Forest River
|-
| 4YD || KeyStone RV Company (recreational vehicle)
|-
| 4YM || Carry-On Trailer, Inc.
|-
| 4YM || Anderson Manufacturing (trailer)
|-
| 4Z3 || American LaFrance truck
|-
| 43C || Consulier
|-
| 44K || HME Inc. (fire engines - incomplete vehicle) (HME=Hendrickson Mobile Equipment)
|-
| 46G || Gillig incomplete vehicle
|-
| 46J || Federal Motors Inc
|-
| 478 || Honda ATV
|-
| 480 || Sterling Trucks (truck)
|-
| 49H || Sterling Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 5AS || Global Electric Motorcars (GEM) 1999-2011
|-
| 5AX || Armor Chassis (truck trailer)
|-
| 5A4 || Load Rite Trailers Inc.
|-
| 5BP || Solectria
|-
| 5BZ || Nissan "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats)
|-
| 5B4 || Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC incomplete vehicle (RV chassis)
|-
| 5CD || Indian Motorcycle Company of America (Gilroy, CA)
|-
| 5CJ || Western Star Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 5CK || Western Star Trucks (truck)
|-
| 5CX || Shelby Series 1
|-
| 5DF || Thomas Dennis Company LLC
|-
| 5DG || Terex Advance Mixer
|-
| 5EH || Excelsior-Henderson Motorcycle
|-
| 5EO || Cottrell (truck trailer)
|-
| 5FC || Columbia Vehicle Group (Columbia, Tomberlin) (low-speed vehicles)
|-
| 5FN || Honda MPV/SUV made by Honda Manufacturing of Alabama
|-
| 5FP || Honda truck made by Honda Manufacturing of Alabama
|-
| 5FR || Acura SUV made by Honda Manufacturing of Alabama
|-
| 5FT || Feeling Trailers
|-
| 5FY || New Flyer
|-
| 5GA || Buick MPV/SUV
|-
| 5GD || Daewoo G2X
|-
| 5GN || Hummer H3T
|-
| 5GR || Hummer H2
|-
| 5GT || Hummer H3
|-
| 5GZ || Saturn MPV/SUV
|-
| 5G8 || Holden Volt
|-
| 5HD || Harley-Davidson for export markets
|-
| 5HT || Heil Trailer (truck trailer)
|-
| 5J5 || Club Car
|-
| 5J6 || Honda SUV made by Honda of America Mfg. in Ohio
|-
| 5J8 || Acura SUV made by Honda of America Mfg. in Ohio
|-
| 5KB || Honda car made by Honda Manufacturing of Alabama
|-
| 5KJ || Western Star Trucks (truck)
|-
| 5KK || Western Star Trucks (incomplete vehicle)
|-
| 5KM || Vento Motorcycles
|-
| 5KT || Karavan Trailers
|-
| 5L1 || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Lincoln]] SUV - Limousine (2004–2009)
|-
| 5L5 || American IronHorse Motorcycle
|-
| 5LD || Ford & Lincoln incomplete vehicle – limousine (2010–2014)
|-
| 5LM || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Lincoln]] SUV
|-
| 5LT || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Lincoln]] truck
|-
| 5MZ || Buell Motorcycle Company for export markets
|-
| 5N1 || Nissan & Infiniti SUV
|-
| 5N3 || Infiniti SUV
|-
| 5NH || Forest River
|-
| 5NM || Hyundai SUV made by HMMA
|-
| 5NP || Hyundai car made by HMMA
|-
| 5NT || Hyundai truck made by HMMA
|-
| 5PV || Hino incomplete vehicle made by Hino Motors Manufacturing USA
|-
| 5RJ || Android Industries LLC
|-
| 5RX || Heartland Recreational Vehicles
|-
| 5S3 || Saab 9-7X
|-
| 5SA || Suzuki Manufacturing of America Corp. (ATV)
|-
| 5SX || American LaFrance incomplete vehicle (Condor)
|-
| 5TB || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] truck made by TMMI
|-
| 5TD || Toyota MPV/SUV & Lexus TX made by TMMI
|-
| 5TE || Toyota truck made by NUMMI
|-
| 5TF || Toyota truck made by TMMTX
|-
| 5TU || Construction Trailer Specialist (truck trailer)
|-
| 5UM || BMW M car
|-
| 5UX || BMW SUV
|-
| 5VC || Autocar incomplete vehicle
|-
| 5VF || American Electric Vehicle Company (low-speed vehicle)
|-
| 5VK || Great Northern Trailer Works (truck trailer)
|-
| 5VP || Victory Motorcycles
|-
| 5V4 || Autocar truck
|-
| 5V8 || Vanguard National (truck trailer)
|-
| 5WE || IC Bus incomplete vehicle
|-
| 5XX || Kia car made by KMMG
|-
| 5XY || Kia/Hyundai SUV made by KMMG
|-
| 5YA || Indian Motorcycle Company (Kings Mountain, NC)
|-
| 5YF || Toyota car made by TMMMS
|-
| 5YJ || Tesla, Inc. passenger car (only used for US-built Model S and Model 3 starting from Nov, 1st 2021)
|-
| 5YM || BMW M SUV
|-
| 5YN || Cruise Car, Inc.
|-
| 5Y2 || Pontiac Vibe made by NUMMI
|-
| 5Y4 || Yamaha Motor Motor Mfg. Corp. of America (ATV, UTV)
|-
| 5ZT || Forest River (recreational vehicles)
|-
| 5ZU || Greenkraft (truck)
|-
| 5Z6 || Suzuki Equator (truck) made by Nissan
|-
| 50E || Lucid Motors passenger car
|-
| 50G || Karma Automotive
|-
| 516 || Autocar truck
|-
| 51R || Brammo Motorcycles
|-
| 522 || GreenGo Tek (low-speed vehicle)
|-
| 523 || VPG (The Vehicle Production Group)
|-
| 52C || GEM subsidiary of Polaris Inc.
|-
| 537 || Azure Dynamics Transit Connect Electric
|-
| 538 || Zero Motorcycles
|-
| 53G || Coda Automotive
|-
| 53T || Think North America in Elkhart, IN
|-
| 546 || EBR
|-
| 54C || Winnebago Industries travel trailer
|-
| 54D || Isuzu & Chevrolet commercial trucks built by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group
|-
| 54F || Rosenbauer
|-
| 55S || Mercedes-Benz car
|-
| 56K || Indian Motorcycle International, LLC (Polaris subsidiary)
|-
| 573 || Grand Design RV (truck trailer)
|-
| 57C || Maurer Manufacturing (truck trailer)
|-
| 57R || Oreion Motors
|-
| 57S || Lightning Motors Corp. (electric motorcycles)
|-
| 57W || Mobility Ventures
|-
| 57X || Polaris Slingshot
|-
| 58A || Lexus car made by TMMK (Lexus ES)
|-
| 6AB || MAN Australia
|-
| 6AM || Jayco Corp. (RVs)
|-
| 6F1 || Ford
|-
| 6F2 || Iveco Trucks Australia Ltd.
|-
| 6F4 || Nissan Motor Company Australia
|-
| 6F5 || Kenworth Australia
|-
| 6FM || Mack Trucks Australia
|-
| 6FP || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Australia
|-
| 6G1 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]]-Holden (post Nov 2002) & Chevrolet & Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8
|-
| 6G2 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Pontiac]] Australia (GTO & G8)
|-
| 6G3 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]] Chevrolet Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan 2014-2017
|-
| 6H8 || [[../GM/VIN Codes|General Motors]]-Holden (pre Nov 2002)
|-
| 6KT || BCI Bus
|-
| 6MM || Mitsubishi Motors Australia
|-
| 6MP || Mercury Capri 1991-1994
|-
| 6T1 || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Motor Corporation Australia
|-
| 6T9 || Privately Imported car (VIN issued by Victoria) or Trailer in Australia
|-
| 6U9 || Privately Imported car in Australia
|-
| 6ZZ || Privately Imported car in Australia
|-
| 7AB || MAN New Zealand
|-
| 7AT || VIN assigned by the New Zealand Transport Authority Waka Kotahi from 29 November 2009
|-
| 7A1 || Mitsubishi New Zealand
|-
| 7A3 || Honda New Zealand
|-
| 7A4 || Toyota New Zealand
|-
| 7A5 || Ford New Zealand
|-
| 7A7 || Nissan New Zealand
|-
| 7A8 || VIN assigned by the New Zealand Transport Authority Waka Kotahi before 29 November 2009
|-
| 7B2 || Nissan Diesel bus New Zealand
|-
| 7FA || Honda SUV made by Honda Manufacturing of Indiana
|-
| 7FC || Rivian truck
|-
| 7F7 || Arcimoto, Inc.
|-
| 7GZ || GMC incomplete vehicles made by Navistar International
|-
| 7G0 || Faraday Future
|-
| 7G2 || Tesla, Inc. truck (used for Nevada-built Semi Trucks & Texas-built Cybertruck)
|-
| 7H4 || Hino truck
|-
| 7H8 || Cenntro Electric Group Limited low-speed vehicle
|-
| 7JD || Volvo Cars SUV
|-
| 7JR || Volvo Cars passenger car
|-
| 7JZ || Proterra From mid-2019 on
|-
| 7KG || Vanderhall Motor Works
|-
| 7KY || Dorsey (truck trailer)
|-
| 7MM || Mazda SUV made by MTMUS (Mazda-Toyota Joint Venture)
|-
| 7MU || Toyota SUV made by MTMUS (Mazda-Toyota Joint Venture)
|-
| 7MW || Cenntro Electric Group Limited truck
|-
| 7MZ || HDK electric vehicles
|-
| 7NA || Navistar Defense
|-
| 7NY || Lordstown Motors
|-
| 7PD || Rivian SUV
|-
| 7RZ || Electric Last Mile Solutions
|-
| 7SA || Tesla, Inc. (US-built MPVs (e.g. Model X, Model Y))
|-
| 7SU || Blue Arc electric trucks made by The Shyft Group
|-
| 7SV || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] SUV made by TMMTX
|-
| 7SX || Global Electric Motorcars (WAEV) 2022-
|-
| 7SY || Polestar SUV
|-
| 7TN || Canoo
|-
| 7UU || Lucid Motors MPV/SUV
|-
| 7UZ || Kaufman Trailers (trailer)
|-
| 7VV || Ree Automotive
|-
| 7WE || Bollinger Motors incomplete vehicle
|-
| 7YA || Hyundai MPV/SUV made by HMGMA
|-
| 7Z0 || Zoox
|-
| 722 || Isuzu North America Corp. (incomplete vehicle - medium duty)
|-
| 8AB || Mercedes Benz truck & bus (Argentina)
|-
| 8AC || Mercedes Benz vans (for South America)
|-
| 8AD || Peugeot Argentina
|-
| 8AE || Peugeot van
|-
| 8AF || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Argentina
|-
| 8AG || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] Argentina
|-
| 8AJ || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Argentina
|-
| 8AK || Suzuki Argentina
|-
| 8AN || Nissan Argentina
|-
| 8AP || Fiat Argentina
|-
| 8AT || Iveco Argentina
|-
| 8AW || Volkswagen Argentina
|-
| 8A1 || Renault Argentina
|-
| 8A3 || Scania Argentina
|-
| 8BB || Agrale Argentina S.A.
|-
| 8BC || Citroën Argentina
|-
| 8BN || Mercedes-Benz incomplete vehicle (North America)
|-
| 8BR || Mercedes-Benz "bus" (van with more than 3 rows of seats) (North America)
|-
| 8BT || Mercedes-Benz MPV (van with 2 or 3 rows of seats) (North America)
|-
| 8BU || Mercedes-Benz truck (cargo van with 1 row of seats) (North America)
|-
| 8CH || Honda motorcycle
|-
| 8C3 || Honda car/SUV
|-
| 8G1 || Automotores Franco Chilena S.A. Renault
|-
| 8GD || Automotores Franco Chilena S.A. Peugeot
|-
| 8GG || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] Chile
|-
| 8LD || General Motors OBB - Chevrolet Ecuador
|-
| 8LF || Maresa (Mazda)
|-
| 8LG || Aymesa (Hyundai Motor & Kia)
|-
| 8L4 || Great Wall Motors made by Ciudad del Auto (Ciauto)
|-
| 8XD || Ford Motor Venezuela
|-
| 8XJ || Mack de Venezuela C.A.
|-
| 8XV || Iveco Venezuela C.A.
|-
| 8Z1 || General Motors Venezolana C.A.
|-
| 829 || Industrias Quantum Motors S.A. (Bolivia)
|-
| 9BD || Fiat Brazil & Dodge, Ram made by Fiat Brasil
|-
| 9BF || [[../Ford/VIN Codes|Ford]] Brazil
|-
| 9BG || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] Brazil
|-
| 9BH || Hyundai Motor Brasil
|-
| 9BM || Mercedes-Benz Brazil car, SUV, commercial truck & bus
|-
| 9BN || Mafersa
|-
| 9BR || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Brazil
|-
| 9BS || Scania Brazil
|-
| 9BV || Volvo Trucks Brazil
|-
| 9BW || Volkswagen Brazil
|-
| 9BY || Agrale S.A.
|-
| 9C2 || Moto Honda Da Amazonia Ltda.
|-
| 9C6 || Yamaha Motor Da Amazonia Ltda.
|-
| 9CD || Suzuki (motorcycles) assembled by J. Toledo Motos do Brasil
|-
| 9DF || Puma
|-
| 9DW || Kenworth & Peterbilt trucks made by Volkswagen do Brasil
|-
| 9EZ || homemade or handbuilt vehicles
|-
| 92H || Origem Brazil
|-
| 932 || Harley-Davidson Brazil
|-
| 935 || Citroën Brazil
|-
| 936 || Peugeot Brazil
|-
| 937 || Dodge Dakota
|-
| 93C || Chevrolet SUV [Tracker] or pickup [Tornado, Montana, S10] (sold in Mexico, made in Brazil)
|-
| 93H || [[../Honda/VIN Codes|Honda]] Brazil car/SUV
|-
| 93K || Volvo Trucks Brazil
|-
| 93P || Volare
|-
| 93S || Navistar International
|-
| 93R || [[../Toyota/VIN Codes|Toyota]] Brazil
|-
| 93U || Audi Brazil 1999–2006
|-
| 93W || Fiat Ducato made by Iveco 2000–2016
|-
| 93V || Navistar International
|-
| 93X || Souza Ramos – Mitsubishi Motors / Suzuki Jimny
|-
| 93Y || Renault Brazil
|-
| 93Z || Iveco
|-
| 94D || Nissan Brazil
|-
| 94N || RWM Brazil
|-
| 94T || Troller Veículos Especiais
|-
| 95P || CAOA Hyundai & CAOA Chery
|-
| 95V || Dafra Motos (motorscooters from SYM) & Ducati, KTM, & MV Agusta assembled by Dafra
|-
| 95V || BMW motorcycles assembled by Dafra Motos 2009–2016
|-
| 95Z || Buell Motorcycle Company assembled by Harley-Davidson Brazil
|-
| 953 || VW Truck & Bus / MAN Truck & Bus
|-
| 96P || Kawasaki
|-
| 97N || Triumph Motorcycles Ltd.
|-
| 988 || Jeep, Ram [Rampage], and Fiat [Toro] (made at the Goiana plant)
|-
| 98M || BMW car/SUV
|-
| 98P || DAF Trucks
|-
| 98R || Chery
|-
| 99A || Audi 2016-
|-
| 99H || Shineray
|-
| 99J || Jaguar Land Rover
|-
| 99K || Haojue & Kymco assembled by JTZ Indústria e Comércio de Motos
|-
| 99L || BYD
|-
| 99Z || BMW Motorrad (Motorcycle assembled by BMW 2017-)
|-
| 9FB || Renault Colombia (Sofasa)
|-
| 9FC || Compañía Colombiana Automotriz S.A. (Mazda)
|-
| 9GA || [[../GM/VIN Codes|Chevrolet]] Colombia (GM Colmotores S.A.)
|-
| 9UJ || Chery assembled by Chery Socma S.A. (Uruguay)
|-
| 9UK || Lifan (Uruguay)
|-
| 9UT || Dongfeng trucks made by Nordex S.A.
|-
| 9UW || Kia made by Nordex S.A.
|-
| 9VC || Fiat made by Nordex S.A. (Scudo, 2025 Titano)
|-
| 9V7 || Citroen made by Nordex S.A. (Jumpy)
|-
| 9V8 || Peugeot made by Nordex S.A. (Expert)
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BookCat}}
szhi1tjunicbg9kk2krhyni9qez0sqx
Maxima
0
150879
4637341
4634650
2026-05-23T23:25:50Z
Idavidmiller
3577687
4637341
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[File:Maxima-new.svg|center|200px|Maxima logo]]
Maxima is an open-source application that is in the category of computer algebra systems - CAS. However, it is important to recognize that the word "algebra" in this context should not be interpreted in a narrow sense of a mathematical topic of study and application. In the context of Maxima "algebra" should be interpreted in a broader sense of symbolic mathematics including what is conventionally meant by the use of algebra as a mathematical area of study and application.
Maxima is not a programming language. It is a primarily an interactive special-purpose computer application for composing and operating on mathematical expressions of various kinds. However, within that special category there is a sense in which it is general-purpose in that there is no emphasis on some particular goal or task such as numerical computations. While Maxima has significant numerical computational features, if the primary area of study or application involves merely "number crunching" then Maxima may or may not be the best choice. In these cases, other open-source software such as Julia, R, Octave, or Python as examples, may be better suited in terms of what is necessary to accomplish the task of interest.
If you are a teacher, student or someone involved in some specific field of mathematical investigation or application, then it is likely that you will find that Maxima is a tool of great interest and applicability.
This book is not intended to be of a tutorial nature on one hand or a comprehensive Maxima user manual on the other hand. It is also not intended to be a reference manual. It is intended to help new and current users get familiar with using Maxima.
This book shows how to get familiar with using[[w:Maxima (software)| Maxima]]. Maxima can be used for:
* Symbolic mathematics and [[Maxima#Numerical_methods|numerical computations]]
* [[Maxima#Plots|Plotting]] 2D and 3D
* Much more
{{Cleanup}}
== Table of Contents ==
{{Book search}}
{{Print version}}
* [[Maxima/What is Maxima and what is it useful for|What is Maxima and what is it useful for]]
* [[/Methods of use/]]
* [[/Installation/]]
* [[Maxima/Introduction By Example|Introduction By Example]]
* [[Maxima/Getting Started Using Maxima|Getting Started Using Maxima]]
* [[/Symbols/]]
* [[Maxima/Identifiers|Identifiers]]
* [[/Operators/]]
* [[/Names/]]
* [[/Objects/]]
* [[/Variables/]]
* [[/Data types/]]
* [[/Features/]]
* [[/Numbers/]]
* [[/Functions/]]
* [[/Debugging/]]
* [[/Data structures/]]
* [[/Numerical methods/]]
* [[/Algorithms/]]
* [[/Plots/]]
* [[/Outputs and warnings/]]
* [[/Example programs/]]
* [[Maxima/Weaknesses of math software|Weaknesses of math software]]
* [[/Help/]]
=See also=
* [[commons:Category:Images with Maxima CAS source code|Images with Maxima CAS source code]]
* [https://www.dropbox.com/home/Public/maxima?preview=maxima.lang syntax highlight for Gedit]
* [https://github.com/KDE/syntax-highlighting/blob/master/data/syntax/maxima.xml syntax highlight for KDE]
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/maxima questions tagged Maxima on stackoverflow]
{{Wikipedia|Maxima (software)}}
=References=
<references/>
[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.3240.pdf Chaotic dynamics with Maxima A. Morante and J. A. Vallejo]
{{alphabetical|M}}
{{shelves|Scientific software|Open source software}}
{{status|25%}}
[[pl:Maxima]]
[[ja:Maxima]]
4ee28v8mym2kwgthkgqwqc36cpg5c3w
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5/2...Ke7
0
151517
4637377
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2026-05-24T10:58:43Z
JCrue
2226064
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text/x-wiki
{{Chess Position
|Parham attack
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C20]]
|parent=[[../|Open game]]
}}
== 2...Ke7?? ==
Black makes a hideous blunder. They allow [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5/2...Ke7/3. Qxe5|'''3. Qxe5#''']], with red-faced spectators all about. This move is a curiosity as it leads to the fastest possible checkmate by White at only three moves.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
=== See also ===
{{wikipedia|Parham Attack}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}
e2lbdxukrsc8xv7bf4am3gpix8hvwuy
Template:Chess Opening Theory/Footer
10
153273
4637374
4634401
2026-05-24T10:21:36Z
JCrue
2226064
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text/x-wiki
<br clear="all" />
<div style="display:grid;border: 1px #ddd solid;padding:5px;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);filter:drop-shadow(0.2em 0.2em 0.1em #ccc);"><!--Outer box-->
<div style="background-color:darkslategrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding-right: 0.5em;margin-bottom:0.2em;"><!--Box header-->
<div style="float: left; text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5em; font-size: 88%;font-variant:small-caps;font-weight:normal;">[[Template:Chess Opening Theory/Footer|v]] · [[Template talk:Chess Opening Theory/Footer|t]] · <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Chess_Opening_Theory/Footer&action=edit e]</span></div><!--Edit buttons-->
Chess Opening Theory<!--Title--></div>
{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5|e5]] <br>Open games
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3|2. Nf3]]
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6|2...Nc6]]
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|3. Bb5]] <br>Spanish
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6|Berlin]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. d3|Anti-Berlin]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. O-O/4...Bc5|Beverwijk]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. O-O/4...Nxe4/5. d4/5...Nd6|L'Hermet]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. O-O/4...Nxe4/5. d4/5...Nd6/6. Bxc6/6...dxc6/7. dxe5/7...Nf5/8. Qxd8/8...Kxd8|Berlin Wall]]
}} }}{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6|Morphy]] → {{hlist
|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Bxc6|Exchange]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7|Closed]] → {{hlist|class=inline|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7/6. Re1/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...O-O/8. c3/8...d5|Marshall]]|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7/6. Re1/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...d6/8. c3/8...O-O/9. h3/9...Na5|Chigorin]]|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7/6. Re1/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...d6/8. c3/8...O-O/9. h3/9...Bb7|Flohr]]}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Nxe4|Open]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...b5/6. Bb3/6...Bb7|Arkhangelsk]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. d3|Anderssen]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. d4|Mackenzie]]
}} }}{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nd4|Bird]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Bc5|Classical]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nge7|Cozio]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...d6|Old Steinitz]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...f5|Schliemann]]
}} <!-- end Spanish -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4|3. Bc4]] <br>Italian
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5|Giuoco Piano]] → {{hlist |class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. b4|Evans gambit]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. d3|Giuoco pianissimo]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. d4|Rosentreter]]
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. Bxf7|Jerome]] {{Chess/eval|??}}</small> }} }}{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6|Two knights defence]] → {{hlist |class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. d4|Open]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5|Knight attack]] → {{hlist| class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7|Fried liver]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Na5|Polerio]] }} }} }} <small>{{hlist|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...h6|Anti-fried liver]] {{chess/eval|?!}}| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nd4|Blackburne shilling]] {{chess/eval|?}} }}</small> <!-- end Italian -->
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3|3. Nc3]] <br>Three knights
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6|Four knights]] → {{hlist |class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. g3|Glek]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Bc4|Italian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. d4|Scotch]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. d4/4...exd4/5. Nd5|Belgrade]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Bb5|Spanish]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nd5|Naroditsky]] {{chess/eval|!?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nxe5|Halloween]] {{chess/eval|?!}}
}} }} {{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...g6|Steinitz]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Bb4/4. Nd5/4...Nf6|Schlechter]]
}}<!-- end 3-4 N -->
|''Other''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. c3|Ponziani]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4|Scotch game]]
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. g3|Konstantinopolsky]] {{Chess/eval|!?}}</small>}}
}} <!-- end 2. Nf3 Nc6 other bucket -->
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6|2...Nf6]] <br>Russian
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...d6/4. Nf3/4...Nxe4/5. d4|Classical]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...Nxe4/4. Qe2/4...Qe7|Kholmov]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. d4|Modern]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4/4. Nc3|Boden-Kieseritzky]] {{chess/eval|!?}}
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...Nc6|Stafford]] {{chess/eval|?}}</small>
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...Nxe4/4. Qe2/4...Nf6|Damiano trap]] {{chess/eval|??}}</small>
}}<!-- end Russian -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6|2...d6]] <br>Philidor
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...exd4|Exchange]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...f5|Philidor countergambit]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...Nf6|Nimzowitsch]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...Nd7|Hanham]]
}}<!-- end Philidor -->
|''Other''
|<small>{{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Bc5|Busch-Gass gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d5|Elephant gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Qf6|Greco defence]] {{Chess/eval|?!}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...f5|Latvian gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...f6|Damiano defence]] {{Chess/eval|??}}
}}</small><!-- end 2. Nf3 other -->
}}<!-- end 2. Nf3 bucket -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4|2. f4]] <br>King's gambit
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4|2...exf4]] <br>Accepted
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3|King's knight]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. h4/4...g4/5. Ne5|Kieseritzky]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...Nf6|Schallop]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...d5|Modern]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...d6|Fischer]] | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. Bc4/4...g4/5. Bxf7|Lolli]] {{chess/eval|?}}</small> | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. Bc4/4...g4/5. O-O|Muzio]] {{Chess/eval|?}}</small> }}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Bc4|Bishop's]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Bc4/3...Nf6|Cozio]] }}
}}<!-- end KGA -->
|''Other'' <br>Declined
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...Bc5|Classical]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...Nc6|Queen's knight]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...d5|Falkbeer]]
}}<!-- end KGD -->
}}<!-- end king's gambit -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3|2. Nc3]] <br>Vienna
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6|Falkbeer]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/2. g3|Mieses]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4|Stanley]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4|Frankenstein-Dracula]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. f4|Vienna gambit]] }}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6|Max Lange]]
}}<!-- end Vienna -->
|''Other''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4|Bishop's opening]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4/2...Nf6|Berlin]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4/2...Bc5|Boi]] }}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4|Centre game]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4/2...exd4/3. c3|Danish]] }}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d3|Leonardis]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5|Parham]] {{chess/eval|?!}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bb5|Portuguese]] {{chess/eval|?!}}
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Ke2|Bongcloud]] {{chess/eval|?}}</small>
}}<!-- end other -->
}}<!-- end open games bucket -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5|c5]] <br>Sicilian
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3|2. Nf3]]
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6|2...Nc6]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4|3. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4|cxd4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4|4. Nxd4]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...g6|Accelerated dragon]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...g6/5. c4|Maróczy bind]]}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...d6|Classical]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Qb6|Godiva]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...e5/5. Nb5/5...d6|Kalashnikov]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5._Nc3/5...e5|Sveshnikov]]
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6|2...Nc6]] ''other''
| {{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|Rossolimo]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. c3|Delayed Alapin]]
}}<!-- end Nc6 sicilians -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6|2...d6]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4|3. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4|cxd4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4|4. Nxd4]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5._Nc3/5...g6|Dragon]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. f4|Levenfish attack]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3| Yugoslav attack]]
}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...a3|Dragondorf]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Bd7|Kupreichik]]
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6|Najdorf]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6/6. Bg5|6. Bg5]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6/6. Be3|English attack]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6/6. Be2|Opocensky]]}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5._Nc3/5...e6|Scheveningen]]
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6|2...d6]] ''other''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. Bb5|Moscow]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Qxd4|Chekhover]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. c3|Delayed Alapin]]
}}<!-- end d6 sicilians -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6|2...e6]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4|3. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4|cxd4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4|4. Nxd4]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6|French, Normal]] {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Nf6/6. Ndb5/6...Bb4/7. Nd6+|American attack]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Nf6|Four knights]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Bb4|Pin]]
}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...a6|Kan]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Qb6|Kveinis]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Bc5|Paulsen-Basman]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6|Taimanov]] → {{hlist |class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Qc7|Bastrikov]] → <small>{{hlist |class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Qc7/6. Be3|English attack]]}}</small>
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nb5|Szén]] → <small>{{hlist |class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nb5/5...d6/6. c4/6...Nf6/7. N1c3/7...a6/8. Na3/8...d5|Garry Gambit]]}}</small>
}}
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6|2...e6]] ''other''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. c4|Kramnik]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. c3|Delayed Alapin]]
}}<!-- end e6 sicilians -->
|''Others''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...g6|Hyper-accelerated dragon]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...b6|Katalymov]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6|Nimzowitsch]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...a6|O'Kelly]]
}}<!-- end open sicilians -->
}}
|''Anti-Sicilians''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. c3|Alapin]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Bc4|Bowdler]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3|Closed Sicilian]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...d6/3. d4|Carlsen]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6/3. f4|Grand Prix]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6/3. g3|Fianchetto]]
}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. f4|McDonnell]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. a3|Mengarini]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. d4|Smith-Morra]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. b3|Snyder]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. c4|Staunton-Cochrane]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. b4|Wing gambit]]
}}<!-- end antisicilians sicilians -->
}}<!-- end sicilian bucket -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6|e6]] <br>French
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5|Advance]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nc3/3...Nf6|Classical]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5|Exchange]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nd2|Tarrasch]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nc3/3...dxe4|Rubinstein]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nc3/3...Bb4|Winawer]]
}}<!-- end french -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6|c6]] <br>Caro-Kann
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. c4|Accelerated Panov]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5|Advance]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5/3...Bf5/4. Nf3|Short]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5/3...Bf5/4. Nc3|van der Wiel]]
}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5|Exchange]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. Nc3/2...d5/3. Nf3|Two knights]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. f3|Fantasy]]
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. Bc4|Hillbilly]] {{Chess/eval|?!}}</small>
}}<!-- end caro-kann -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] ''other''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6|Alekhine]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...c6|Czech]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...g6|Modern]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nc6|Nimzowitsch]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...b6|Owen's]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6|Pirc]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...Nbd7|Lion]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...g6/4. f4|Austrian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...g6/4. Be3/4...c6/5. Qd2|150]]
}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5|Scandinavian]] → {{hlist|class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Qxd5|Mieses-Kotroc]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Nf6|Modern]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...c6|Blackburne-Kloosterbooer gambit]] {{Chess/eval|!?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. Nf3|Tennison gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?!}}}}
}}<small>{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...f6|Barnes]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...g5|Borg]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...a5|Corn stalk]] {{Chess/eval|??}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...f5|Duras]] {{Chess/eval|??}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...b5|1...b5]] {{Chess/eval|??}}
}}</small><!-- end 1. e4 other -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5|d5]] <br>Closed games
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4|2. c4]] <br>Queen's gambit
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e5|Albin countergambit]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...c5|Austrian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...Nc6|Chigorin]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...Nf6|Marshall]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...dxc4|Queen's gambit accepted]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6|Queen's gambit declined]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...c6|Slav]] → {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1._d4/1...d5/2._c4/2...c6/3._Nc3/3...Nf6/4._Nf3/4...e6|Semi-Slav]]
}}
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3|2. Nc3]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bg5|Richter-Versov]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3/2...c5|Irish gambit]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bf4|Jobava London]]
}}
|2. other
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Bf4|Accelerated London]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. e3|Colle]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Bg5|Levitsky]] {{chess/eval|!?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Qd3|Amazon]] {{chess/eval|?!}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. e4|Blackmar-Diemer]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. f4|Mason]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. g4|Zurich]] {{Chess/eval|??}}
}}
}} <!-- end closed games bucket -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6|Nf6]] <br>Indian
|{{Buckets
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4|2. c4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6|e6]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3/3...Bb4|Bogo-Indian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. g3|Catalan]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3/3...Bb4|Nimzo-Indian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3/3...b6|Queen's Indian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Bg5|Seirawan]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. g4|Devin gambit]] {{chess/eval|!?}}
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4|2. c4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6|g6]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6|King's Indian]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. f4|Four pawns attack]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. f3|Sämisch]] }}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...d5|Grünfeld]]
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4|2. c4]] ''other''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...b6|Accelerated queen's Indian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...c5|Modern Benoni]] → {{hlist |class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...c5/3. d5/3...b5|Benko]]
}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e5|Budapest]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...Nc6|Mexican]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...d6|Old Indian]]
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Nf3|2. Nf3]]
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Nf3/2...c5|Spielmann Indian]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. Bg5|Torre]]
}}
|2. ''other:''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bg5|Trompowsky]] → {{hlist| class=inline| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bg5/2...Ne4/3. Bh4|Edge]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bg5/2...Ne4/3. h4|Raptor]]}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bf4|London system (Indian)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. f3|Paleface]] {{Chess/eval|?!}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. g4|Bronstein gambit]] {{Chess/eval|!?}}
| <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. e4|Omega]] {{Chess/eval|?}}</small>
}}
}} <!-- end indian bucket -->
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5|f5]]<br>Dutch
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. Bg5|Hopton]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. h3|Korchnoi]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. g3/2...g6|Leningrad]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. e4|Staunton]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. c4|Stonewall]] → {{hlist |class=inline
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Nh6|Bladel]]
}}
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] ''...other:''
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...b6|English defence]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Na6|Australian defence]] {{chess/eval|?!}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...e5|Englund gambit]] {{chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...e6|Horwitz]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...c5|Old Benoni]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...b5|Polish]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d6/2. c4/2...e5|Rat]]
}}
|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3|1. Nf3]]<br>Zukertort
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...d5/2. c4|Réti]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...d5/2. g3|King's Indian defence (d5)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...Nf6/2. g3|King's Indian defence (Nf6)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f5/2. e4|Lisitsin gambit]] {{Chess/eval|!?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...Nf6/2. e4|Lemberger gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...e5|Ross gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...g5|Herrstrom gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}}
}}
|Flank
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. f4|Bird's (1. f4)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. c4|English (1. c4)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. g4|Grob (1. g4)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. g3|King's fianchetto (1.g3)]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. b3|Larsen (1. b3)]]
}}
|Unorthodox
|{{hlist
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. a3|a3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Na3|Na3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. a4|a4]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. b4|b4]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. c3|c3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3|Nc3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d3|d3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e3|e3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. f3|f3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. h3|h3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nh3|Nh3]]
| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. h4|h4]]
}}
}}
</div>
<noinclude>[[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Chess}}/Templates|ChessOpenings]]</noinclude><includeonly>{{BookCat}}</includeonly>
ivt7vwjoaekfpg51n13yjcbf46hcli6
Linear Algebra/Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors/Solutions
0
225678
4637256
4354454
2026-05-23T14:33:43Z
R1F4T
3451303
/* তথ্যসূত্র */
4637256
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Solutions ==
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 1:
For each, find the characteristic polynomial and the eigenvalues.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
10 &-9 \\
4 &-2
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math>\begin{pmatrix}
1 &2 \\
4 &3
\end{pmatrix}</math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
0 &3 \\
7 &0
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 \\
0 &0
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 \\
0 &1
\end{pmatrix} </math>
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> This
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
10-x &-9 \\
4 &-2-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(10-x)(-2-x)-(-36)
</math>
simplifies to the characteristic equation <math> x^2-8x+16=0 </math>.
Because the equation factors into <math>(x-4)^2</math> there is
only one eigenvalue <math> \lambda_1=4 </math>.
<li> <math>0=(1-x)(3-x)-8=x^2-4x-5</math>; <math>\lambda_1=5</math>, <math>\lambda_2=-1</math>
<li> <math> x^2-21=0 </math>;
<math> \lambda_1=\sqrt{21} </math>, <math>\lambda_2=-\sqrt{21}</math>
<li> <math> x^2=0 </math>; <math> \lambda_1=0 </math>
<li> <math> x^2-2x+1=0 </math>; <math> \lambda_1=1 </math>
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 2:
For each matrix, find the characteristic equation, and the
eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
3 &0 \\
8 &-1
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
3 &2 \\
-1 &0
\end{pmatrix} </math>
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> The characteristic equation is <math> (3-x)(-1-x)=0 </math>.
Its roots, the eigenvalues, are <math> \lambda_1=3 </math> and
<math> \lambda_2=-1 </math>.
For the eigenvectors we consider this equation.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
3-x &0 \\
8 &-1-x
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For the eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda_1=3</math>,
we consider the resulting linear system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
0\cdot b_1 &+ &0\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
8\cdot b_1 &+ &-4\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
The eigenspace is the set of vectors whose second component is
twice the first component.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_2/2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix}
3 &0 \\
8 &-1
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} b_2/2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
=3\cdot\begin{pmatrix} b_2/2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
(Here, the parameter is <math>b_2</math> only because that is the variable that
is free in the above system.)
Hence, this is an eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue <math>3</math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix} 1/2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
Finding an eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda_2=-1</math> is similar.
This system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
4\cdot b_1 &+ &0\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
8\cdot b_1 &+ &0\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leads to the set of vectors whose first component is
zero.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix}
3 &0 \\
8 &-1
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
=-1\cdot\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
And so this is an eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda_2</math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
<li> The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
3-x &2 \\
-1 &-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^2-3x+2=(x-2)(x-1)
</math>
and so the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=2</math> and <math>\lambda_2=1</math>.
To find eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(3-x)\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
-1\cdot b_1 &- &x\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_1=2</math> we get
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
1\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
-1\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -2b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_2=1</math> the system is
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
2\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
-1\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
</ol>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 3:
Find the characteristic equation, and the
eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors for this matrix.
''Hint.''
The eigenvalues are complex.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
-2 &-1 \\
5 &2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
The characteristic equation
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
-2-x &-1 \\
5 &2-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^2+1
</math>
has the complex roots <math>\lambda_1=i</math> and <math>\lambda_2=-i</math>.
This system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2-x)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
5\cdot b_1 & &(2-x)\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_1=i</math> Gauss' method gives this reduction.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2-i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
5\cdot b_1 &- &(2-i)\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{(-5/(-2-i))\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2-i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
(For the calculation in the lower right get a common
denominator
:<math>
\frac{5}{-2-i}-(2-i)
=
\frac{5}{-2-i}-\frac{-2-i}{-2-i}\cdot (2-i)
=
\frac{5-(-5)}{-2-i}
</math>
to see that it gives a <math>0=0</math> equation.)
These are the resulting eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(-2-i))b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1/(-2-i) \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_2=-i</math> the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2+i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
5\cdot b_1 &- &(2+i)\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{(-5/(-2+i))\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2+i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leads to this.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(-2+i))b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1/(-2+i) \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 4:
Find the characteristic polynomial, the eigenvalues, and the associated
eigenvectors of this matrix.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &1 &1 \\
0 &0 &1 \\
0 &0 &1
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
1-x &1 &1 \\
0 &-x &1 \\
0 &0 &1-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(1-x)^2(-x)
</math>
and so the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=1</math> (this is a repeated root
of the equation) and <math>\lambda_2=0</math>.
For the rest, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(1-x)\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-x\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& & & &(1-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
When <math>x=\lambda_1=1</math> then the solution set is this eigenspace.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
</math>
When <math>x=\lambda_2=0</math> then the solution set is this eigenspace.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -b_2 \\ b_2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
</math>
So these are eigenvectors associated with <math>\lambda_1=1</math> and
<math>\lambda_2=0</math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 5:
For each matrix, find the characteristic equation, and the
eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
3 &-2 &0 \\
-2 &3 &0 \\
0 &0 &5
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
0 &1 &0 \\
0 &0 &1 \\
4 &-17 &8
\end{pmatrix} </math>
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
3-x &-2 &0 \\
-2 &3-x &0 \\
0 &0 &5-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^3-11x^2+35x-25=(x-1)(x-5)^2
</math>
and so the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=1</math> and also the
repeated eigenvalue <math>\lambda_2=5</math>.
To find eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(3-x)\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
-2\cdot b_1 &+ &(3-x)\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& & & &(5-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_1=1</math> we get
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
2\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
-2\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& & & &4\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_2 \\ b_2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_2=5</math> the system is
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-2\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
-2\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& & & &0\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -b_2 \\ b_2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}+\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2,b_3\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},\,\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
<li> The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
-x &1 &0 \\
0 &-x &1 \\
4 &-17 &8-x
\end{vmatrix}
=-x^3+8x^2-17x+4=-1\cdot(x-4)(x^2-4x+1)
</math>
and the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=4</math> and (by using the
quadratic equation) <math>\lambda_2=2+\sqrt{3}</math> and
<math>\lambda_3=2-\sqrt{3}</math>.
To find eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-x\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-x\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1 &- &17\cdot b_2 &+ &(8-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
Substituting <math>x=\lambda_1=4</math> gives the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-4\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-4\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1 &- &17\cdot b_2 &+ &4\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{\rho_1+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-4\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-4\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-16\cdot b_2 &+ &4\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{-4\rho_2+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-4\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-4\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& & & &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
V_4=\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/16)\cdot b_3 \\ (1/4)\cdot b_3 \\ b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 4 \\ 16 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
Substituting <math>x=\lambda_2=2+\sqrt{3}</math> gives the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1
&- &17\cdot b_2
&+ &(6-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}</math>
::<math>\xrightarrow[]{(-4/(-2-\sqrt{3}))\rho_1+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
&+ &(-9-4\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &(6-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
(the middle coefficient in the third equation equals
the number <math>(-4/(-2-\sqrt{3}))-17</math>; find a common denominator
of <math>-2-\sqrt{3}</math> and then rationalize the denominator by
multiplying the top and bottom of the frsction by <math>-2+\sqrt{3}</math>)
:<math>
\xrightarrow[]{((9+4\sqrt{3})/(-2-\sqrt{3}))\rho_2+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
which leads to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
V_{2+\sqrt{3}}
=\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(2+\sqrt{3})^2)\cdot b_3 \\
(1/(2+\sqrt{3}))\cdot b_3 \\
b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_3\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} (1/(2+\sqrt{3})^2) \\
(1/(2+\sqrt{3})) \\
1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
Finally, substituting <math>x=\lambda_3=2-\sqrt{3}</math> gives the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1
&- &17\cdot b_2
&+ &(6+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}</math>
::<math>
\begin{align}
&\xrightarrow[]{(-4/(-2+\sqrt{3}))\rho_1+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &(-9+4\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &(6+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array} \\
&\xrightarrow[]{((9-4\sqrt{3})/(-2+\sqrt{3}))\rho_2+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
which gives this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
V_{2-\sqrt{3}}
=\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(2+\sqrt{3})^2)\cdot b_3 \\
(1/(2-\sqrt{3}))\cdot b_3 \\
b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_3\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} (1/(-2+\sqrt{3})^2) \\
(1/(-2+\sqrt{3})) \\
1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 6:
Let <math> t:\mathcal{P}_2\to \mathcal{P}_2 </math> be
:<math>
a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2\mapsto
(5a_0+6a_1+2a_2)-(a_1+8a_2)x+(a_0-2a_2)x^2.
</math>
Find its eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors.
;Answer:
With respect to the natural basis <math>B=\langle 1,x,x^2 \rangle </math>
the matrix representation is this.
:<math>
{\rm Rep}_{B,B}(t)
=
\begin{pmatrix}
5 &6 &2 \\
0 &-1 &-8 \\
1 &0 &-2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
Thus the characteristic equation
:<math>
0
=
\begin{pmatrix}
5-x &6 &2 \\
0 &-1-x &-8 \\
1 &0 &-2-x
\end{pmatrix}
=(5-x)(-1-x)(-2-x)-48-2\cdot(-1-x)
</math>
is <math>0=-x^3+2x^2+15x-36=-1\cdot (x+4)(x-3)^2</math>.
To find the associated eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(5-x)\cdot b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &(-1-x)\cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
b_1 & & &+ &(-2-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
Plugging in <math>x=\lambda_1=4</math> gives
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-5 \cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
b_1 & & &- & 6 \cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{-\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-5 \cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-6\cdot b_2 &- &8 \cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{-\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-5 \cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-6\cdot b_2 &- &8 \cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 7:
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this
map <math> t:\mathcal{M}_2\to \mathcal{M}_2 </math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
a &b \\
c &d
\end{pmatrix}
\mapsto
\begin{pmatrix}
2c &a+c \\
b-2c &d
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
<math>\lambda=1,
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 \\
0 &1
\end{pmatrix} \text{ and }
\begin{pmatrix}
2 &3 \\
1 &0
\end{pmatrix}</math>,
<math>\lambda=-2,
\begin{pmatrix}
-1 &0 \\
1 &0
\end{pmatrix}</math>,
<math>\lambda=-1,
\begin{pmatrix}
-2 &1 \\
1 &0
\end{pmatrix}</math>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 8:
Find the eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the
differentiation operator
<math> d/dx:\mathcal{P}_3\to \mathcal{P}_3 </math>.
;Answer:
Fix the natural basis <math>B=\langle 1,x,x^2,x^3 \rangle </math>.
The map's action is <math>1\mapsto 0</math>, <math>x\mapsto 1</math>, <math>x^2\mapsto 2x</math>,
and <math>x^3\mapsto 3x^2</math> and its representation is easy to compute.
:<math>
T={\rm Rep}_{B,B}(d/dx)=
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &1 &0 &0 \\
0 &0 &2 &0 \\
0 &0 &0 &3 \\
0 &0 &0 &0
\end{pmatrix}_{B,B}
</math>
We find the eigenvalues with this computation.
:<math>
0=\left|T-xI\right|=
\begin{vmatrix}
-x &1 &0 &0 \\
0 &-x &2 &0 \\
0 &0 &-x &3 \\
0 &0 &0 &-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^4
</math>
Thus the map has the single eigenvalue <math>\lambda=0</math>.
To find the associated eigenvectors, we solve
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &1 &0 &0 \\
0 &0 &2 &0 \\
0 &0 &0 &3 \\
0 &0 &0 &0
\end{pmatrix}_{B,B}
\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ b_2 \\ b_3 \\ b_4 \end{pmatrix}_B
=0\cdot\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ b_2 \\ b_3 \\ b_4 \end{pmatrix}_B
\qquad\Longrightarrow\qquad b_2=0, b_3=0, b_4=0
</math>
to get this eigenspace.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}_B
\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
=\{b_1+0\cdot x+0\cdot x^2+0\cdot x^3
\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
=\{b_1
\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 9: Prove that
the eigenvalues of a triangular matrix (upper or lower triangular)
are the entries on the diagonal.
;Answer:
The determinant of the triangular matrix <math>T-xI</math> is the product down the diagonal, and so it factors into the product of the terms <math>t_{i,i}-x</math>.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 10:
Find the formula for the characteristic polynomial of a <math>2 \! \times \! 2</math>
matrix.
;Answer:
Just expand the determinant of <math>T-xI</math>.
:<math>
\begin{vmatrix}
a-x &c \\
b &d-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(a-x)(d-x)-bc
=x^2+(-a-d)\cdot x +(ad-bc)
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 11{{anchor|exer:CharPolyTransWellDefed}}: <!--\label{exer:CharPolyTransWellDefed}-->
Prove that
the characteristic polynomial of a transformation is well-defined.
;Answer:
Any two representations of that transformation are similar, and similar matrices have the same characteristic polynomial.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 12:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Can any non-<math> \vec{0} </math> vector in any nontrivial vector space
be a eigenvector?
That is, given a <math> \vec{v}\neq\vec{0} </math> from a nontrivial <math> V </math>,
is there a transformation <math> t:V\to V </math> and a scalar
<math> \lambda\in\mathbb{R} </math> such that <math> t(\vec{v})=\lambda\vec{v} </math>?
<li> Given a scalar <math> \lambda </math>, can any non-<math> \vec{0} </math>
vector in any
nontrivial vector space be an eigenvector associated with the
eigenvalue <math> \lambda </math>?
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Yes, use <math> \lambda=1 </math> and the identity map.
<li> Yes, use the transformation that multiplies by
<math> \lambda </math>.
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 13:
Suppose that <math> t:V\to V </math> and <math> T={\rm Rep}_{B,B}(t) </math>.
Prove that the eigenvectors of <math> T </math> associated with <math> \lambda </math> are
the non-<math> \vec{0} </math> vectors in the kernel of the map represented
(with respect to the same bases) by <math> T-\lambda I </math>.
;Answer:
If <math>t(\vec{v})=\lambda\cdot\vec{v}</math> then <math>\vec{v}\mapsto\vec{0}</math> under the map <math>t-\lambda\cdot\mbox{id}</math>.
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 14:
Prove that if <math>a,\ldots,\,d</math> are all integers and <math> a+b=c+d </math> then
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
a &b \\
c &d
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
has integral eigenvalues, namely <math> a+b </math> and <math> a-c </math>.
;Answer:
The characteristic equation
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
a-x &b \\
c &d-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(a-x)(d-x)-bc
</math>
simplifies to <math>x^2+(-a-d)\cdot x + (ad-bc)</math>. Checking that the values <math>x=a+b</math> and <math>x=a-c</math> satisfy the equation (under the <math>a+b=c+d</math> condition) is routine.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 15:
Prove that if <math> T </math> is nonsingular and has eigenvalues
<math> \lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n </math> then <math> T^{-1} </math> has eigenvalues
<math> 1/\lambda_1,\dots,1/\lambda_n </math>.
Is the converse true?
;Answer:
Consider an eigenspace <math>V_{\lambda}</math>. Any <math>\vec{w}\in V_{\lambda}</math> is the image <math>\vec{w}=\lambda\cdot\vec{v}</math> of some <math>\vec{v}\in V_{\lambda}</math> (namely, <math>\vec{v}=(1/\lambda)\cdot\vec{w}</math>). Thus, on <math>V_{\lambda}</math> (which is a nontrivial subspace) the action of <math>t^{-1}</math> is <math>t^{-1}(\vec{w})=\vec{v}=(1/\lambda)\cdot\vec{w}</math>, and so <math>1/\lambda</math> is an eigenvalue of <math>t^{-1}</math>.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 16:
Suppose that <math> T </math> is <math> n \! \times \! n </math> and <math> c,d </math> are scalars.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Prove that if <math> T </math> has the eigenvalue
<math> \lambda </math> with an associated
eigenvector <math> \vec{v} </math> then <math> \vec{v} </math> is an eigenvector of
<math> cT+dI </math> associated with eigenvalue <math> c\lambda+d </math>.
<li> Prove that if <math> T </math> is diagonalizable then so is
<math> cT+dI </math>.
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> We have
<math>(cT+dI)\vec{v}=cT\vec{v}+dI\vec{v}=c\lambda\vec{v}+d\vec{v}
=(c\lambda+d)\cdot \vec{v}</math>.
<li> Suppose that <math>S=PTP^{-1}</math> is diagonal.
Then <math>P(cT+dI)P^{-1}=P(cT)P^{-1}+P(dI)P^{-1}
=cPTP^{-1}+dI=cS+dI</math> is also diagonal.
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 17:
Show that <math> \lambda </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> T </math> if and only if the map
represented by <math> T-\lambda I </math> is not an isomorphism.
;Answer:
The scalar <math>\lambda</math> is an eigenvalue if and only if the transformation <math>t-\lambda \mbox{id}</math> is singular. A transformation is singular if and only if it is not an isomorphism (that is, a transformation is an isomorphism if and only if it is nonsingular).
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 18:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Show that if <math> \lambda </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> A </math>
then <math> \lambda^k </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> A^k </math>.
<li> What is wrong with this proof generalizing that?
"If <math> \lambda </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> A </math> and <math> \mu </math> is
an eigenvalue for <math> B </math>, then <math> \lambda\mu </math> is an eigenvalue
for <math> AB </math>, for, if <math> A\vec{x}=\lambda\vec{x} </math> and
<math> B\vec{x}=\mu\vec{x} </math> then
<math> AB\vec{x}=A\mu\vec{x}=\mu A\vec{x}=\mu\lambda\vec{x} </math>"?
</ol>{{harv|Strang|1980}}
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Where the eigenvalue <math>\lambda</math> is associated with the
eigenvector <math>\vec{x}</math> then
<math>A^k\vec{x}=A\cdots A\vec{x}=A^{k-1}\lambda\vec{x}
=\lambda A^{k-1}\vec{x}=\cdots=\lambda^k\vec{x}</math>.
(The full details can be put in by doing induction on <math>k</math>.)
<li> The eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda</math>
might not be an eigenvector associated with <math>\mu</math>.
</ol>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 19:
Do matrix-equivalent matrices have the same eigenvalues?
;Answer:
No. These are two same-sized, equal rank, matrices with different eigenvalues.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 \\
0 &1
\end{pmatrix}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 \\
0 &2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 20:
Show that a square matrix with real entries and an odd number of rows
has at least one real eigenvalue.
;Answer:
The characteristic polynomial has an odd power and so has at least one real root.
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 21:
Diagonalize.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
-1 &2 &2 \\
2 &2 &2 \\
-3 &-6 &-6
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
The characteristic polynomial <math>x^3-5x^2+6x</math> has distinct roots
<math> \lambda_1=0 </math>, <math> \lambda_2=-2 </math>, and <math> \lambda_3=-3 </math>.
Thus the matrix can be diagonalized into this form.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 &0 \\
0 &-2 &0 \\
0 &0 &-3
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 22{{anchor|similarity transformation}}:
Suppose that <math> P </math> is a nonsingular <math> n \! \times \! n </math> matrix.
Show that
the '''similarity transformation'''
map <math> t_P:\mathcal{M}_{n \! \times \! n}\to \mathcal{M}_{n \! \times \! n} </math>
sending <math> T\mapsto PTP^{-1} </math>
is an isomorphism.
;Answer:
We must show that it is one-to-one and onto, and that it respects the
operations of matrix addition and scalar multiplication.
To show that it is one-to-one, suppose that <math>t_P(T)=t_P(S)</math>,
that is, suppose that <math>PTP^{-1}=PSP^{-1}</math>, and note that multiplying
both sides on the left by <math>P^{-1}</math> and on the right by <math>P</math> gives that
<math>T=S</math>.
To show that it is onto, consider <math>S\in\mathcal{M}_{n \! \times \! n}</math> and observe
that <math>S=t_P(P^{-1}SP)</math>.
The map <math>t_P</math> preserves matrix addition since <math>t_P(T+S)=P(T+S)P^{-1}=(PT+PS)P^{-1}=PTP^{-1}+PSP^{-1}=t_P(T+S)</math> follows from properties of matrix multiplication and addition that we have seen. Scalar multiplication is similar: <math>t_P(cT)=P(c\cdot T)P^{-1}=c\cdot (PTP^{-1})=c\cdot t_P(T)</math>.
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;? Problem 23:
Show that if <math> A </math> is an <math> n </math> square matrix and each row (column)
sums to <math> c </math> then <math> c </math> is a characteristic root of <math> A </math>.
{{harv|Morrison|1967}}
;Answer:
''This is how the answer was given in the cited source.''
If the argument of the characteristic function of <math> A </math> is set equal to <math> c </math>, adding the first <math> (n-1) </math> rows (columns) to the <math> n </math>th row (column) yields a determinant whose <math> n </math>th row (column) is zero. Thus <math> c </math> is a characteristic root of <math> A </math>.
}}
== তথ্যসূত্র ==
* {{citation|first1=ক্ল্যারেন্স সি. (প্রস্তাবক)|last1=মরিসন|title=কুইকি (Quickie)|journal=ম্যাথমেটিক্স ম্যাগাজিন|volume=৪০|number=৪|year=1967|pages=২৩২}}।
* {{citation|first1=গিলবার্ট|last1=স্ট্র্যাং|title=লিনিয়ার অ্যালজেব্রা অ্যান্ড ইটস অ্যাপ্লিকেশনস (রৈখিক বীজগণিত এবং এর প্রয়োগ)|edition=দ্বিতীয়|publisher=হারকোর্ট ব্রেস জোভানোভিচ|year=1980}}।
{{Bookcat}}
4e2hhymdmy7r7khpbcawjhg0v6ax7wi
4637257
4637256
2026-05-23T14:34:05Z
R1F4T
3451303
Wrong wiki
4637257
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Solutions ==
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 1:
For each, find the characteristic polynomial and the eigenvalues.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
10 &-9 \\
4 &-2
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math>\begin{pmatrix}
1 &2 \\
4 &3
\end{pmatrix}</math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
0 &3 \\
7 &0
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 \\
0 &0
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 \\
0 &1
\end{pmatrix} </math>
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> This
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
10-x &-9 \\
4 &-2-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(10-x)(-2-x)-(-36)
</math>
simplifies to the characteristic equation <math> x^2-8x+16=0 </math>.
Because the equation factors into <math>(x-4)^2</math> there is
only one eigenvalue <math> \lambda_1=4 </math>.
<li> <math>0=(1-x)(3-x)-8=x^2-4x-5</math>; <math>\lambda_1=5</math>, <math>\lambda_2=-1</math>
<li> <math> x^2-21=0 </math>;
<math> \lambda_1=\sqrt{21} </math>, <math>\lambda_2=-\sqrt{21}</math>
<li> <math> x^2=0 </math>; <math> \lambda_1=0 </math>
<li> <math> x^2-2x+1=0 </math>; <math> \lambda_1=1 </math>
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 2:
For each matrix, find the characteristic equation, and the
eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
3 &0 \\
8 &-1
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
3 &2 \\
-1 &0
\end{pmatrix} </math>
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> The characteristic equation is <math> (3-x)(-1-x)=0 </math>.
Its roots, the eigenvalues, are <math> \lambda_1=3 </math> and
<math> \lambda_2=-1 </math>.
For the eigenvectors we consider this equation.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
3-x &0 \\
8 &-1-x
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For the eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda_1=3</math>,
we consider the resulting linear system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
0\cdot b_1 &+ &0\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
8\cdot b_1 &+ &-4\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
The eigenspace is the set of vectors whose second component is
twice the first component.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_2/2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix}
3 &0 \\
8 &-1
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} b_2/2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
=3\cdot\begin{pmatrix} b_2/2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
(Here, the parameter is <math>b_2</math> only because that is the variable that
is free in the above system.)
Hence, this is an eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue <math>3</math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix} 1/2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
Finding an eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda_2=-1</math> is similar.
This system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
4\cdot b_1 &+ &0\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
8\cdot b_1 &+ &0\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leads to the set of vectors whose first component is
zero.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix}
3 &0 \\
8 &-1
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
=-1\cdot\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
And so this is an eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda_2</math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
<li> The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
3-x &2 \\
-1 &-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^2-3x+2=(x-2)(x-1)
</math>
and so the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=2</math> and <math>\lambda_2=1</math>.
To find eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(3-x)\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
-1\cdot b_1 &- &x\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_1=2</math> we get
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
1\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
-1\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -2b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_2=1</math> the system is
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
2\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
-1\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
</ol>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 3:
Find the characteristic equation, and the
eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors for this matrix.
''Hint.''
The eigenvalues are complex.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
-2 &-1 \\
5 &2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
The characteristic equation
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
-2-x &-1 \\
5 &2-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^2+1
</math>
has the complex roots <math>\lambda_1=i</math> and <math>\lambda_2=-i</math>.
This system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2-x)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
5\cdot b_1 & &(2-x)\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_1=i</math> Gauss' method gives this reduction.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2-i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
5\cdot b_1 &- &(2-i)\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{(-5/(-2-i))\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2-i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
(For the calculation in the lower right get a common
denominator
:<math>
\frac{5}{-2-i}-(2-i)
=
\frac{5}{-2-i}-\frac{-2-i}{-2-i}\cdot (2-i)
=
\frac{5-(-5)}{-2-i}
</math>
to see that it gives a <math>0=0</math> equation.)
These are the resulting eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(-2-i))b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1/(-2-i) \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_2=-i</math> the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2+i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
5\cdot b_1 &- &(2+i)\cdot b_2 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{(-5/(-2+i))\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}
(-2+i)\cdot b_1 &- &1\cdot b_2 &= &0 \\
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leads to this.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(-2+i))b_2 \\ b_2 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1/(-2+i) \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 4:
Find the characteristic polynomial, the eigenvalues, and the associated
eigenvectors of this matrix.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &1 &1 \\
0 &0 &1 \\
0 &0 &1
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
1-x &1 &1 \\
0 &-x &1 \\
0 &0 &1-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(1-x)^2(-x)
</math>
and so the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=1</math> (this is a repeated root
of the equation) and <math>\lambda_2=0</math>.
For the rest, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(1-x)\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-x\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& & & &(1-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
When <math>x=\lambda_1=1</math> then the solution set is this eigenspace.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
</math>
When <math>x=\lambda_2=0</math> then the solution set is this eigenspace.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -b_2 \\ b_2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
</math>
So these are eigenvectors associated with <math>\lambda_1=1</math> and
<math>\lambda_2=0</math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 5:
For each matrix, find the characteristic equation, and the
eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
3 &-2 &0 \\
-2 &3 &0 \\
0 &0 &5
\end{pmatrix} </math>
<li> <math> \begin{pmatrix}
0 &1 &0 \\
0 &0 &1 \\
4 &-17 &8
\end{pmatrix} </math>
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
3-x &-2 &0 \\
-2 &3-x &0 \\
0 &0 &5-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^3-11x^2+35x-25=(x-1)(x-5)^2
</math>
and so the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=1</math> and also the
repeated eigenvalue <math>\lambda_2=5</math>.
To find eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(3-x)\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
-2\cdot b_1 &+ &(3-x)\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& & & &(5-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_1=1</math> we get
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
2\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
-2\cdot b_1 &+ &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& & & &4\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_2 \\ b_2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
For <math>\lambda_2=5</math> the system is
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-2\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
-2\cdot b_1 &- &2\cdot b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& & & &0\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} -b_2 \\ b_2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}+\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2,b_3\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},\,\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
<li> The characteristic equation is
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
-x &1 &0 \\
0 &-x &1 \\
4 &-17 &8-x
\end{vmatrix}
=-x^3+8x^2-17x+4=-1\cdot(x-4)(x^2-4x+1)
</math>
and the eigenvalues are <math>\lambda_1=4</math> and (by using the
quadratic equation) <math>\lambda_2=2+\sqrt{3}</math> and
<math>\lambda_3=2-\sqrt{3}</math>.
To find eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-x\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-x\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1 &- &17\cdot b_2 &+ &(8-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
Substituting <math>x=\lambda_1=4</math> gives the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-4\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-4\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1 &- &17\cdot b_2 &+ &4\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{\rho_1+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-4\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-4\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-16\cdot b_2 &+ &4\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{-4\rho_2+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
-4\cdot b_1 &+ &b_2 & & &= &0 \\
& &-4\cdot b_2 &+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& & & &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
leading to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
V_4=\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/16)\cdot b_3 \\ (1/4)\cdot b_3 \\ b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_2\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 4 \\ 16 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
Substituting <math>x=\lambda_2=2+\sqrt{3}</math> gives the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1
&- &17\cdot b_2
&+ &(6-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}</math>
::<math>\xrightarrow[]{(-4/(-2-\sqrt{3}))\rho_1+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
&+ &(-9-4\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &(6-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
(the middle coefficient in the third equation equals
the number <math>(-4/(-2-\sqrt{3}))-17</math>; find a common denominator
of <math>-2-\sqrt{3}</math> and then rationalize the denominator by
multiplying the top and bottom of the frsction by <math>-2+\sqrt{3}</math>)
:<math>
\xrightarrow[]{((9+4\sqrt{3})/(-2-\sqrt{3}))\rho_2+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2-\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
which leads to this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
V_{2+\sqrt{3}}
=\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(2+\sqrt{3})^2)\cdot b_3 \\
(1/(2+\sqrt{3}))\cdot b_3 \\
b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_3\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} (1/(2+\sqrt{3})^2) \\
(1/(2+\sqrt{3})) \\
1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
Finally, substituting <math>x=\lambda_3=2-\sqrt{3}</math> gives the system
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
4\cdot b_1
&- &17\cdot b_2
&+ &(6+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}</math>
::<math>
\begin{align}
&\xrightarrow[]{(-4/(-2+\sqrt{3}))\rho_1+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &(-9+4\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &(6+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array} \\
&\xrightarrow[]{((9-4\sqrt{3})/(-2+\sqrt{3}))\rho_2+\rho_3}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_1
&+ &b_2
& & &= &0 \\
& &(-2+\sqrt{3})\cdot b_2
&+ &b_3 &= &0 \\
& &
& &0 &= &0
\end{array}
\end{align}
</math>
which gives this eigenspace and eigenvector.
:<math>
V_{2-\sqrt{3}}
=\{\begin{pmatrix} (1/(2+\sqrt{3})^2)\cdot b_3 \\
(1/(2-\sqrt{3}))\cdot b_3 \\
b_3 \end{pmatrix}
\,\big|\, b_3\in\mathbb{C}\}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix} (1/(-2+\sqrt{3})^2) \\
(1/(-2+\sqrt{3})) \\
1 \end{pmatrix}
</math>
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 6:
Let <math> t:\mathcal{P}_2\to \mathcal{P}_2 </math> be
:<math>
a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2\mapsto
(5a_0+6a_1+2a_2)-(a_1+8a_2)x+(a_0-2a_2)x^2.
</math>
Find its eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors.
;Answer:
With respect to the natural basis <math>B=\langle 1,x,x^2 \rangle </math>
the matrix representation is this.
:<math>
{\rm Rep}_{B,B}(t)
=
\begin{pmatrix}
5 &6 &2 \\
0 &-1 &-8 \\
1 &0 &-2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
Thus the characteristic equation
:<math>
0
=
\begin{pmatrix}
5-x &6 &2 \\
0 &-1-x &-8 \\
1 &0 &-2-x
\end{pmatrix}
=(5-x)(-1-x)(-2-x)-48-2\cdot(-1-x)
</math>
is <math>0=-x^3+2x^2+15x-36=-1\cdot (x+4)(x-3)^2</math>.
To find the associated eigenvectors, consider this system.
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
(5-x)\cdot b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &(-1-x)\cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
b_1 & & &+ &(-2-x)\cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
Plugging in <math>x=\lambda_1=4</math> gives
:<math>
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-5 \cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
b_1 & & &- & 6 \cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{-\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-5 \cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-6\cdot b_2 &- &8 \cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
\xrightarrow[]{-\rho_1+\rho_2}
\begin{array}{*{3}{rc}r}
b_1 &+ &6\cdot b_2 &+ &2\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-5 \cdot b_2 &- &8\cdot b_3 &= &0 \\
& &-6\cdot b_2 &- &8 \cdot b_3 &= &0
\end{array}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 7:
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this
map <math> t:\mathcal{M}_2\to \mathcal{M}_2 </math>.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
a &b \\
c &d
\end{pmatrix}
\mapsto
\begin{pmatrix}
2c &a+c \\
b-2c &d
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
<math>\lambda=1,
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 \\
0 &1
\end{pmatrix} \text{ and }
\begin{pmatrix}
2 &3 \\
1 &0
\end{pmatrix}</math>,
<math>\lambda=-2,
\begin{pmatrix}
-1 &0 \\
1 &0
\end{pmatrix}</math>,
<math>\lambda=-1,
\begin{pmatrix}
-2 &1 \\
1 &0
\end{pmatrix}</math>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 8:
Find the eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the
differentiation operator
<math> d/dx:\mathcal{P}_3\to \mathcal{P}_3 </math>.
;Answer:
Fix the natural basis <math>B=\langle 1,x,x^2,x^3 \rangle </math>.
The map's action is <math>1\mapsto 0</math>, <math>x\mapsto 1</math>, <math>x^2\mapsto 2x</math>,
and <math>x^3\mapsto 3x^2</math> and its representation is easy to compute.
:<math>
T={\rm Rep}_{B,B}(d/dx)=
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &1 &0 &0 \\
0 &0 &2 &0 \\
0 &0 &0 &3 \\
0 &0 &0 &0
\end{pmatrix}_{B,B}
</math>
We find the eigenvalues with this computation.
:<math>
0=\left|T-xI\right|=
\begin{vmatrix}
-x &1 &0 &0 \\
0 &-x &2 &0 \\
0 &0 &-x &3 \\
0 &0 &0 &-x
\end{vmatrix}
=x^4
</math>
Thus the map has the single eigenvalue <math>\lambda=0</math>.
To find the associated eigenvectors, we solve
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &1 &0 &0 \\
0 &0 &2 &0 \\
0 &0 &0 &3 \\
0 &0 &0 &0
\end{pmatrix}_{B,B}
\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ b_2 \\ b_3 \\ b_4 \end{pmatrix}_B
=0\cdot\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ b_2 \\ b_3 \\ b_4 \end{pmatrix}_B
\qquad\Longrightarrow\qquad b_2=0, b_3=0, b_4=0
</math>
to get this eigenspace.
:<math>
\{\begin{pmatrix} b_1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}_B
\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
=\{b_1+0\cdot x+0\cdot x^2+0\cdot x^3
\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
=\{b_1
\,\big|\, b_1\in\mathbb{C}\}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 9: Prove that
the eigenvalues of a triangular matrix (upper or lower triangular)
are the entries on the diagonal.
;Answer:
The determinant of the triangular matrix <math>T-xI</math> is the product down the diagonal, and so it factors into the product of the terms <math>t_{i,i}-x</math>.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 10:
Find the formula for the characteristic polynomial of a <math>2 \! \times \! 2</math>
matrix.
;Answer:
Just expand the determinant of <math>T-xI</math>.
:<math>
\begin{vmatrix}
a-x &c \\
b &d-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(a-x)(d-x)-bc
=x^2+(-a-d)\cdot x +(ad-bc)
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 11{{anchor|exer:CharPolyTransWellDefed}}: <!--\label{exer:CharPolyTransWellDefed}-->
Prove that
the characteristic polynomial of a transformation is well-defined.
;Answer:
Any two representations of that transformation are similar, and similar matrices have the same characteristic polynomial.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 12:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Can any non-<math> \vec{0} </math> vector in any nontrivial vector space
be a eigenvector?
That is, given a <math> \vec{v}\neq\vec{0} </math> from a nontrivial <math> V </math>,
is there a transformation <math> t:V\to V </math> and a scalar
<math> \lambda\in\mathbb{R} </math> such that <math> t(\vec{v})=\lambda\vec{v} </math>?
<li> Given a scalar <math> \lambda </math>, can any non-<math> \vec{0} </math>
vector in any
nontrivial vector space be an eigenvector associated with the
eigenvalue <math> \lambda </math>?
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Yes, use <math> \lambda=1 </math> and the identity map.
<li> Yes, use the transformation that multiplies by
<math> \lambda </math>.
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 13:
Suppose that <math> t:V\to V </math> and <math> T={\rm Rep}_{B,B}(t) </math>.
Prove that the eigenvectors of <math> T </math> associated with <math> \lambda </math> are
the non-<math> \vec{0} </math> vectors in the kernel of the map represented
(with respect to the same bases) by <math> T-\lambda I </math>.
;Answer:
If <math>t(\vec{v})=\lambda\cdot\vec{v}</math> then <math>\vec{v}\mapsto\vec{0}</math> under the map <math>t-\lambda\cdot\mbox{id}</math>.
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 14:
Prove that if <math>a,\ldots,\,d</math> are all integers and <math> a+b=c+d </math> then
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
a &b \\
c &d
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
has integral eigenvalues, namely <math> a+b </math> and <math> a-c </math>.
;Answer:
The characteristic equation
:<math>
0=
\begin{vmatrix}
a-x &b \\
c &d-x
\end{vmatrix}
=(a-x)(d-x)-bc
</math>
simplifies to <math>x^2+(-a-d)\cdot x + (ad-bc)</math>. Checking that the values <math>x=a+b</math> and <math>x=a-c</math> satisfy the equation (under the <math>a+b=c+d</math> condition) is routine.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 15:
Prove that if <math> T </math> is nonsingular and has eigenvalues
<math> \lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n </math> then <math> T^{-1} </math> has eigenvalues
<math> 1/\lambda_1,\dots,1/\lambda_n </math>.
Is the converse true?
;Answer:
Consider an eigenspace <math>V_{\lambda}</math>. Any <math>\vec{w}\in V_{\lambda}</math> is the image <math>\vec{w}=\lambda\cdot\vec{v}</math> of some <math>\vec{v}\in V_{\lambda}</math> (namely, <math>\vec{v}=(1/\lambda)\cdot\vec{w}</math>). Thus, on <math>V_{\lambda}</math> (which is a nontrivial subspace) the action of <math>t^{-1}</math> is <math>t^{-1}(\vec{w})=\vec{v}=(1/\lambda)\cdot\vec{w}</math>, and so <math>1/\lambda</math> is an eigenvalue of <math>t^{-1}</math>.
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 16:
Suppose that <math> T </math> is <math> n \! \times \! n </math> and <math> c,d </math> are scalars.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Prove that if <math> T </math> has the eigenvalue
<math> \lambda </math> with an associated
eigenvector <math> \vec{v} </math> then <math> \vec{v} </math> is an eigenvector of
<math> cT+dI </math> associated with eigenvalue <math> c\lambda+d </math>.
<li> Prove that if <math> T </math> is diagonalizable then so is
<math> cT+dI </math>.
</ol>
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> We have
<math>(cT+dI)\vec{v}=cT\vec{v}+dI\vec{v}=c\lambda\vec{v}+d\vec{v}
=(c\lambda+d)\cdot \vec{v}</math>.
<li> Suppose that <math>S=PTP^{-1}</math> is diagonal.
Then <math>P(cT+dI)P^{-1}=P(cT)P^{-1}+P(dI)P^{-1}
=cPTP^{-1}+dI=cS+dI</math> is also diagonal.
</ol>
}}
{{Linear Algebra/Book 2/Recommended}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 17:
Show that <math> \lambda </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> T </math> if and only if the map
represented by <math> T-\lambda I </math> is not an isomorphism.
;Answer:
The scalar <math>\lambda</math> is an eigenvalue if and only if the transformation <math>t-\lambda \mbox{id}</math> is singular. A transformation is singular if and only if it is not an isomorphism (that is, a transformation is an isomorphism if and only if it is nonsingular).
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 18:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Show that if <math> \lambda </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> A </math>
then <math> \lambda^k </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> A^k </math>.
<li> What is wrong with this proof generalizing that?
"If <math> \lambda </math> is an eigenvalue of <math> A </math> and <math> \mu </math> is
an eigenvalue for <math> B </math>, then <math> \lambda\mu </math> is an eigenvalue
for <math> AB </math>, for, if <math> A\vec{x}=\lambda\vec{x} </math> and
<math> B\vec{x}=\mu\vec{x} </math> then
<math> AB\vec{x}=A\mu\vec{x}=\mu A\vec{x}=\mu\lambda\vec{x} </math>"?
</ol>{{harv|Strang|1980}}
;Answer:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li> Where the eigenvalue <math>\lambda</math> is associated with the
eigenvector <math>\vec{x}</math> then
<math>A^k\vec{x}=A\cdots A\vec{x}=A^{k-1}\lambda\vec{x}
=\lambda A^{k-1}\vec{x}=\cdots=\lambda^k\vec{x}</math>.
(The full details can be put in by doing induction on <math>k</math>.)
<li> The eigenvector associated with <math>\lambda</math>
might not be an eigenvector associated with <math>\mu</math>.
</ol>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 19:
Do matrix-equivalent matrices have the same eigenvalues?
;Answer:
No. These are two same-sized, equal rank, matrices with different eigenvalues.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 \\
0 &1
\end{pmatrix}
\qquad
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 \\
0 &2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 20:
Show that a square matrix with real entries and an odd number of rows
has at least one real eigenvalue.
;Answer:
The characteristic polynomial has an odd power and so has at least one real root.
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 21:
Diagonalize.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
-1 &2 &2 \\
2 &2 &2 \\
-3 &-6 &-6
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
;Answer:
The characteristic polynomial <math>x^3-5x^2+6x</math> has distinct roots
<math> \lambda_1=0 </math>, <math> \lambda_2=-2 </math>, and <math> \lambda_3=-3 </math>.
Thus the matrix can be diagonalized into this form.
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 &0 \\
0 &-2 &0 \\
0 &0 &-3
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;Problem 22{{anchor|similarity transformation}}:
Suppose that <math> P </math> is a nonsingular <math> n \! \times \! n </math> matrix.
Show that
the '''similarity transformation'''
map <math> t_P:\mathcal{M}_{n \! \times \! n}\to \mathcal{M}_{n \! \times \! n} </math>
sending <math> T\mapsto PTP^{-1} </math>
is an isomorphism.
;Answer:
We must show that it is one-to-one and onto, and that it respects the
operations of matrix addition and scalar multiplication.
To show that it is one-to-one, suppose that <math>t_P(T)=t_P(S)</math>,
that is, suppose that <math>PTP^{-1}=PSP^{-1}</math>, and note that multiplying
both sides on the left by <math>P^{-1}</math> and on the right by <math>P</math> gives that
<math>T=S</math>.
To show that it is onto, consider <math>S\in\mathcal{M}_{n \! \times \! n}</math> and observe
that <math>S=t_P(P^{-1}SP)</math>.
The map <math>t_P</math> preserves matrix addition since <math>t_P(T+S)=P(T+S)P^{-1}=(PT+PS)P^{-1}=PTP^{-1}+PSP^{-1}=t_P(T+S)</math> follows from properties of matrix multiplication and addition that we have seen. Scalar multiplication is similar: <math>t_P(cT)=P(c\cdot T)P^{-1}=c\cdot (PTP^{-1})=c\cdot t_P(T)</math>.
}}
{{TextBox|1=
;? Problem 23:
Show that if <math> A </math> is an <math> n </math> square matrix and each row (column)
sums to <math> c </math> then <math> c </math> is a characteristic root of <math> A </math>.
{{harv|Morrison|1967}}
;Answer:
''This is how the answer was given in the cited source.''
If the argument of the characteristic function of <math> A </math> is set equal to <math> c </math>, adding the first <math> (n-1) </math> rows (columns) to the <math> n </math>th row (column) yields a determinant whose <math> n </math>th row (column) is zero. Thus <math> c </math> is a characteristic root of <math> A </math>.
}}
==References==
* {{citation|first1=Clarence C. (proposer)|last1=Morrison|title=Quickie|journal=Mathematics Magazine|volume=40|number=4|year=1967|pages=232}}.
* {{citation|first1=Gilbert|last1=Strang|title=Linear Algebra and its Applications|edition=Second|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|year=1980}}.
{{BookCat}}
4posqiqgdm7im9z24an2c51uzq9imwu
Aros/Platforms/x86 Complete System HCL
0
237398
4637266
4637082
2026-05-23T16:54:04Z
Jeff1138
301139
4637266
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{ArosNav}}
==Introduction==
This a list of computer hardware tested with mostly native AROS installs and, in the recommended sections, of virtual machines
With 64bit support it is recommended 8Gb ram is needed and that SSE 4.1 and AVX are supported in the CPU i.e. from year 2012 for Intel CPUs and 2013 for AMD CPUs. They are x86-64 instruction sets designed to perform the same operations on multiple data items simultaneously, a technique known as Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD). This allows for increased performance in tasks involving parallel computation. SSE 4.1 is a 128-bit SIMD instruction set, while AVX introduced 256-bit SIMD, further enhancing performance. Some apps require these features to run well, like 3D, multimedia decoding or JIT (javascript) in Odyssey web browser. If not the apps may work slower or might fail.
If you have encountered differently (i.e. problems, incompatibilities, faults, annoyances, environment, errors, review of setup etc) please update this information.
Please bear in mind that AROS has only a few hardware driver developers, whilst Linux counts in the tens and Windows in the hundreds.
[[#Laptops]]
[[#Netbook]]
[[#Desktop Systems]]
[[#AMD Sockets]]
[[#Intel Sockets]]
[[#Recommended hardware (32-bit)]]
[[#Recommended hardware (64-bit)]]
=== Laptops ===
[[#top|...to the top]]
* 2006/2007 Dell Latitude D-series laptops - business class machines, good support in Aros, easy to replace wifi card
* 2006 some [https://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/laptops-portable-pcs/laptops-and-netbooks/toshiba-satellite-pro-a200-28550/review Satellite Pro A200]
* 2008 For the tiny carry anywhere, the early run of Acer Aspire netbooks
Rough estimate from taking a random laptop notebook what you can expect from a Native install of AROS
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Date
! width="5%" |Overall
! width="5%" |Gfx VESA
! width="5%" |Gfx 2D Acceleration
! width="10%" |Gfx 3D Acceleration
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| Before 2002 || Poor to OK || VESA 90% || 2D 10% || {{N/A}} || Audio 10% || 40% || Wired 70% || 2% || Max RAM 512MB
|-
| 2002-2005 || OK || VESA 95% || 2D 10% || 3D 0% || Audio 30% || 70% || Wired 50% || 10% || Max RAM 2GB (for 32bit)
|-
| 2005-2012 || Good || VESA 98% || 2D 60% || 3D 30% || Audio 40% || 80% || Wired 30% || 10% || Max RAM 3Gb (32bit) to 8GB (64bit)
|-
| 2013-2017 || OK || VESA 98% || 2D 10% || 3D 0% || Audio 20% || 20% || Wired 20% || 0% || Max RAM 8GB / 16GB better to go Ryzen over older AMD A series
|-
| 2018-2024 || Poor || VESA 98% || 2D 0% || 3D 0% || Audio 20% || 0% || Wired 30% || 0% || Max RAM 32GB better 64bit option with a internal dvd drive and ethernet
|-
| 2025-202x || Poor || VESA 95% || 2D 0% || 3D 0% || Audio 0% || 0% || Wired 10% || 0% || Max RAM 64GB AI disruption of previous hardware
|-
|}
3D tests now conducted with apps found in Demos/AROS/Mesa and run at default size (may need to View As -> Show All to see them.
Any laptop with Windows 7(TM) 64bit or higher install, the bios and hard drive set in uefi/gpt mode (install of AROS incompatible)
Most vendor suppliers get OEM (original equipment manufacturers) to make their laptops. These brand name companies purchase their laptops from
*80% ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) such as Quanta, Compal, Wistron, Inventec, Foxconn (Hon Hai), Flextronics and Asus (now Pegatron)
*20% MiTAC, FIC, Arima, Uniwill, ECS, Tonfang Origin and Clevo
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
| <!--OK-->{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || <!--May work-->{{Maybe|'''Works a little'''}} || <!--Not working-->{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || <!--Not applicable-->{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}}
|-
|}
====Acer/Gateway/Emachines====
Company founded under the name of Multitech in Taiwan in 1976, renamed to Acer or Acer Group in 1987
Order of build quality (Lowest to highest)
<pre >
Packard Bell
Aspire
Extensa
TimeLine
Travelmate
</pre >
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="2%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Travelmate 505 506 507 508 Series || <!--Chipset-->P2 Celeron 466Mhz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes|boots}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Neo Magic Magic Graph 128XD (NM2160)}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 Crystal CS}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 minimal support but no audio etc - 506T, 506DX, 507T, 507DX, 508T
|-
| <!--Name-->TravelMate 340 342 343 345 347 || <!--Chipset-->ALi M1621 with piii || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Trident Cyber 9525 || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1969 Solo-1}} || <!--USB-->2 ALi OHCI USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->a few have Intel e100 || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2000 32bit - 340T, 341T, 342T, 342TV, 343TV, 345T, 347TV
|-
| <!--Name-->TravelMate 350 351 352 353 || <!--Chipset-->Ali with piii || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Trident Cyber Blade DSTN/Ai1 || <!--Audio-->{{No|ali5451}} || <!--USB-->2 USB 1.1 Ali M5237 OHCI || <!--Ethernet-->e100 || <!--Wireless-->Acer InviLink IEEE 802.11b || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit very limited support but no support for PCMCIA O2 Micro OZ6933 - 350T, 351TEV, 352TEV, 353TEV
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->TravelMate 610 series 611 612 613 614 || <!--Chipset-->815 P3 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Intel 82815 cgc || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->Intel e100 pro || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit - 610TXVi 610T 611TXV 612TX 613TXC
|-
| Aspire 3003LM || SIS AMD 3000 1.8GHz || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SIS AGP M760GX (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97 SIS codec}} || 3 USB 2.0 || {{yes|SIS900}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4318 AirForce One 54g}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 sempron
|-
| Travelmate 2310 Series ZL6 || Intel Celeron M 360 1.4GHz with SiS 661MX || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SiS Mirage M661MX (VESA only)}} || {{yes|SIS SI7012 AC97 with realtek ALC203 codec speakers only}} || || {{yes|SIS900}} || {{N/A|LM version has pci card slot but no antenna}} || 2017 Icaros 2.1.1 || 2004 32bit - No USB boot option but boot from DVD - reports of wifi losing connection (isolate/remove the metallic grounding foil ends of the antennas) - 2312LM_L -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire 3000 3002LMi 3500 5000 || <!--Chipset-->AMD CPU W-with SIS M760 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->SIS 760 || <!--Audio-->SIS || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->SIS 900 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4318 swap for Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire 3050 5020 5050 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Single and Turion MK-36 Dual and RS480 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - RS482M Xpress 1100 or RS485M Xpress 1150 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek ALC883 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5006G or Broadcom BCM 4318 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit MK36 gets very hot
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->TravelMate 2410 2420 2430 series || <!--Chipset-->915GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel Mobile 915GMS 910GML || <!--Audio-->Intel AC97 ICH6 with ALC203 codec || <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL-8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5005GS || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 2428AWXMi -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 3610 - WISTRON MORAR 3614WLMI || <!--Chipset-->Intel 915 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=644066&postcount=13 AC97]}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL 8139 8139C+}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros AR5001X+, AR5BMB5 or Broadcom 4318}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.2.4 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit with good support [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=6205188#post6205188 wifi issues]
|-
| <!--Name-->TravelMate 2480 series 2483 WXMi (HannStar J MV4 94V) 2483NWXCi Aspire 3680, 3690 || <!--Chipset-->940GML i943 with Celeron 430 1.77GHz - 14.1" || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D and 3D openGL 1.x - Tunnel 181 gearbox 104 scores}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC883 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|3 USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8038 yukon sky2}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 5k AR5005G AR5BMB5 mini pci}} suspect laptop hardware issues || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 Works well shame about the internet options - noisy fan - poor battery life - no boot option for TI based mass storage sd card - Max 2GB memory - LCD Inverter Board IV12090/T-LF -
|-
| <!--Name-->TravelMate 2490 series 2492WXMi || <!--Chipset-->940GML || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 945 2D and 3D tunnel 164 gearbox 105}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR5005GS suspect hardware issue}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - 15inch screen - strange curved up at ends keyboard style - overall plastic construction - Atheros AR5005G(s) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gateway ML6227B MA7 || <!--Chipset-->Celeron M 520 1.6Ghz with 945GM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|945GM 2D and 3D tunnel 169 gearbox 132}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDA Intel with STAC9250 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8038}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|8187L but swap ath5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 15.4 ultrabrite widescreen - Wifi Switch on side Fn/F2 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 5630-6796 6288 BL50 || <!--Chipset-->T5200 T5500 Intel® Core™2 Duo T7200 T7400 T7600 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel® GMA 950 with S-Video out with 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio with ALC883? codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 USB}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Broadcom BCM4401}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945abg swap for Atheros 5K}} || <!--Test Distro-->Tiny AROS || <!--Comments-->2006 - 64bit 39.1 cm (15.4" 1280 x 800) - 2 DDR2-SDRAM slots max 4GB - green mobo?? -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 5633WMLI BL51 || <!--Chipset-->T5500 with Intel® 945PM/GM Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia Go 7300 with 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with Realtek codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Broadcom 440x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 swap for Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Tiny Aros || <!--Comments-->2007 64 bit dual core2 - 15.4 WXGA screen - ddr2 max 4gb - OrbiCam no support - ENE chipset SD card - blue mobo?? -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 9410 9420 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core Duo with 945PM Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D NVIDIA GeForce Go 7300 - 128 MB VRAM G72M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel HD audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 8111 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945ABG but could swap with atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - 17in TFT 1,440 x 900 WXGA+ - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->eMachines E510 series KAL10 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Celeron M 560 2.13Ghz with PM965 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel x3100 || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel with codec}} || <!--USB-->Intel || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5906M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros G AR5BXB63 bios issue??}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2007 32bit very budget machine with InsydeH20 bios and F10 boot menu
|-
| <!--Name-->ACER Aspire 5920 5920G || <!--Chipset-->Santa Rosa Core 2 Duo T7300 T7500 later T9300 with GM965 and PM965(G) Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for X3100M or 8600M GS (rev a1) 9500M GT 256MB vram (G) but some AMD/ATI RV635 M86 HD 3650}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio with realtek alc888 codec ICH8}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5787M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel 3945ABG 4965 or Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwood test iso 2023-01 2023-11 || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit boot with 'noacpi' or 'noioapic' - 15.4in 1280 x 800 pixels 16:10 - BMW Designworks ‘Gemstone’ design - over 3.0kg with options for 8-cell or 6-cell batteries - 2 SODIMM DDR2 667MT/s max 4GB - synaptics touchpad -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer A0521 Ao721 || Athlon II Neo K125 + AMD M880G || {{N/A}} || {{maybe| }} || {{maybe|ATI Radeon HD 4225 (VESA only)}} || {{No|Conexant}} || {{Maybe| }} || {{no|AR8152 l1c}} || {{unk|AR9285 ath9k}} || AspireOS 1.7 || 2006 64bit possible
|-
| <!--Name--> Extensa 5630Z || <!--Chipset-->T6600 with Intel GL40 Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Yes|Intel GMA 4500M HD (2D)}} || <!--Audio--> {{Yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet--> {{No|Broadcom BCM 5764M}} || <!--Wireless--> {{No|RaLink RT2860}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit
|-
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire 5250 series 5253 BZ400 BZ602 || <!--Chipset-->E350 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{no|VESA 2D for AMD HD6310}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDaudio for codec Conexant CX20584}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8151}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Atheros 9k AR5B97}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire V5 V5-121 V5121 AO725 One 725 || <!--Chipset-->AMD C-70 C70 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{no|VESA for AMD 6290G}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|Realtek ALC269 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|2 x USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire V5-122P MS2377 || <!--Chipset-->C-70 C70 with M55, AMD A4-1250 or A6 1450 up to 1.4Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->AMD 8210 || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|FCH USB EHCI OHCI}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 but LAN/VGA Combo Port Cable (AK.LAVGCA 001) or MiniCP port to Acer Converter Cable (Mini CP to VGA/LAN/USB) (NP.OTH11 00C) needed}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9565}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit but no sse4 or avx - 26w battery internal, extension possible - 11.6in 1366 x 768 ips touchscreen - 7mm hd ssd - 2gb ddr3l soldered with 1 slot free max 4GB - bios hacking needed for virtualisation -
|-
| <!--Name-->Packard Bell EasyNote TE69 TE69KB 522 || <!--Chipset-->slow E1-2500, E2-3800 2c2t Dual or A4-5000 4c4t Quad both soldered BGA769 (FT3) on Hudson-2 FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Use IDE mode}} setting AHCI to IDE mode - boots if UEFI set to Legacy || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for ATI Radeon 8120 8240, 8320, 8330 or 8280 islands}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio with ALC282 0x10ec, 0x0282 codec but not HDMI}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|Bios, Boot, set Boot mode to Legacy, nothing from USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8171 AR8175 or Broadcom BCM57780}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9565 0x1969 0x10a1}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aspire OS Xenon and AROS One 1.6 usb || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit with sse4.1 and AVX - 15.6in washed out screen big netbook - Boots with noacpi after using F2 to enter EFI firmware and f12 boot device - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots max 16Gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASPIRE Acer Aspire ES1-520 521 522 Series N15C4 ES1-523 || <!--Chipset-->AMD AMD E1-7010, A8-7410 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA for RADEON R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|Realtek ALC 233 or CX20752 HD AUDIO CODEC}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8151 Gigabit or Broadcom 590x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8187 or 8812BU}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit with sse4.1 and AVX - 2 ddr3l slots - keyboard connected to top case -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Nitro 5 an515-42 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD rx560x || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->aspire 3 A315-41 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->swift 3 sf315-41 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 3 A315-23 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3020e, r3 3200u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire 3, 5 A515-44-R0ZN || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 4500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14in or 15.6" 1080p - 19v round charging - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vr0tC3QJWxk repair], 4gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot -
|-
| <!--Name-->Swift 3 SF314-42 series N19C4 , Swift SF315-4 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 4500U, 7 4700U|| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit 1080p - small round ac 19v 3.42A or usb-c - mobo FH4FR LA-J731P -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Swift 3 SF314-43, Swift SF315-41 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 1080p - small round ac or usb-c -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire 5 A515-45 || <!--Chipset-->r7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - asus round ac -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire 5 A515-47 || <!--Chipset-->ryzen 5 5625U, || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - asus round ac -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Asus====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus L8400-K Medion MD9467 || <!--Chipset-->Intel desktop 850MHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->S3 Savage MX || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS allegro 1988}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus L2000 L2400 L2D Series Medion 9675 || <!--Chipset-->Athlon 4 mobile || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use vesa sis630 || <!--Audio-->{{No|sis7018}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->sis900 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->x51R X51RL || <!--Chipset-->Duo T2250 T2330 with RS480 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|boots and detects}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL-8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR5006EG AR5111 ath5k AzureWave AW-GE780 - could be ATI Chipset}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2, deadwood 2021, || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit 15.4 WXGA - 19v barrel - ESC boot select - F2 bios -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus R2H Ultra Mobile PC UMPC || <!--Chipset-->Celeron 900Mhz 910GML || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA900 || <!--Audio-->Ac97 ALC880 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8169 8101e || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm4fOrqyj3g boots]
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus A3 series A3F Ergo Ensis 211 RM || <!--Chipset-->P-M 1.6GHz to Core Duo with 950 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 945 || <!--Audio-->Ac97 ALC655 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8100CL 10/100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit only
|-
| <!--Name-->Z33 || <!--Chipset-->915 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->915GM || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC880 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 2915ABG || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit Z33A Z33AE N5M N5A
|-
| Z70A Z70V Z70Va M6A z7000 z7000a || i915 + ICH6 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|mobile 915GML}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|ICH6 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Marvell 88E8001}} || {{no|Intel PRO 2200BG Fn / F2}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2005 32bit
|-
| [http://www.progweb.com/en/2010/09/linux-sur-un-portable-asus-a6jm/ A6jm] A6JC || 945GM || IDE || SATA || {{yes|nVidia GeForce Go 7600 G70}} || {{no|HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL8111 8168B}} || {{no|Intel 3945 ABG}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2006 32bit only
|-
| <!--Name-->F3Jc || <!--Chipset-->945PM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->G72M Quadro NVS 110M, GeForce Go 7300 || <!--Audio-->D audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8169 8111 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->X50GL F5GL || <!--Chipset-->T5800 with 965 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA 2d - Nvidia 8200M G84 runs hot}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio MCP79 with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|MCP79}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR5B91 AW-NE77}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2 || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit not much support no display with nouveau - 19v barrel - ddr2 max 4gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS G50 & G51 series G50V G50Vt G51V G51VX G51J G51Jx G50VT X1 X5 ROG || <!--Chipset-->AMD64 with MCP71 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} || <!--Gfx-->nVidia GeForce 9800M GS (G94M) up to GT200 [GeForce GTX 260M] (G92M) || <!--Audio-->Nvidia HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros L1C atl1c}} || <!--Wireless-->Atheros G or Intel || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit not all GPUs are failing but a much higher % failing early, 8x00 and 9x00 G84, G86, G92, G94, and G96 series chips dying - ddr2 max 4gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->M50V M50 series || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core 2 Duo P8400 or T9400 with Intel PM45 ICH9 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|BIOS set to compatibility IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GS or 9650M GT || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC663 || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 realtek 8169 8111C}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel 5100 or Atheros AR928X}}|| <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.0 USB || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 15.40 inch 16:10, 1680 x 1050 glossy - the "Infusion" design - heavy 3kg - ddr2 ram max 4gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->Series F9 F9E F9dc F9f F9j F9s || <!--Chipset-->965GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio ALC660 playback}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|works}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|intel 3495 not working}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.41 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - ddr2 max 4gb -
|-
| P52F SO006X || i3-370M || IDE || SATA || {{yes|nVidia G92 [GeForce 9800 GT] (2D)}} || {{no|Intel HD Audio}} || {{yes|2 USB2.0}} || {{no|Atheros AR8121 AR8113 AR8114 (l1e)}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2010 64bit - ddr3 slot -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
* X53U MB Ver K53U or K52U Asus K53U MB Ver K53U
* A53U XT2 X53B MB ver: K53BY (compal)
|| <!--Chipset-->Slow atom like speed E-350 (2011), E-450 (2011) on AMD M780G, much slower C-50 C50 (2012), C-60 C60 on the AMD A50M dark brown plastic build || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA ATi 6310M, 6320M later 6250M or 6290M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with alc269 codec Altec Lansing® Speakers}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|3 x USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|rtl8169 with RTL8111 phy}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros half height ar9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.2 and 2018 AROS One 1.6 USB || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 dull 50% srgb screen - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 5200 or 7800 mAh battery covers ASUS K53S K53E X54C X53S K84L X53SV X54HR K53F X53U laptops - 2 DDR3L slots max 8Gb - 19v barrel 5.5 / 2.5 mm -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus K53T, Asus A53Z X53Z
|| <!--Chipset-->AMD A4-3305M on AMD M780G, A6-3420M dark brown plastic build || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD 6520G, 7670M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|3 x USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 with RTL8111 phy}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros half height}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 dull 50% srgb screen - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 2 DDR3L slots max 8Gb - 19v barrel 5.5 / 2.5 mm - Altec Lansing® Speakers -
|-
| <!--Name-->X55U X401U X501U 1225B || <!--Chipset-->slow C-60 C60, C-70 C70 or E1 1200 E2 1800 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->6290G || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111 8169 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk| Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6" display - ram soldered -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus A43TA A53TA K53TA XE2 A73T || <!--Chipset-->AMD A4-3300M, A6 3400M (laptop chip) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA AMD Radeon HD 6520G Integrated + HD 6470M (1GB GDDR3)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive -
|-
| <!--Name-->X102BA || <!--Chipset-->Llano E1 1200 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|ide bios setting}} || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 8180 || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->RTL8101E RTL8102E || <!--Wireless-->{{unk| Qualcomm Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 10.1” Touchscreen - special asus 45w ac adapter -
|-
| <!--Name-->K55N, K75DE || <!--Chipset-->AMD a6 4400M A8 4500M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->AMD 7640G || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC codec none through ATi Trinity HDMI || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk| Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 17.3-inch -
|-
| <!--Name-->X452EA X552EA F552E || <!--Chipset-->AMD E1 2100 or A4 5000M A8 4500M A10 4600M with A || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for AMD ATI Sun XT Radeon HD 8330 8670A 8670M 8690M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AMD FCH Azalia rev 02 with ALC898 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{{Yes|Realtek RTL8111 8168 8411}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit may support avx kabini trinity -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus X555Y || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-7210 A8-7410 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }}Realtek || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-colored plastic - internal battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus X555B X555DG X555S X555U X555YI X555LAB || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5-4210U to || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with coxenant and realtek alc codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }}Realtek || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-colored plastic - internal battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus X555D || <!--Chipset-->AMD A10-8700P || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{unk|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-coloured plastic - internal battery - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS X555Q || <!--Chipset-->AMD® Bristol Ridge A10-9600P 7th Gen, A12-9720p || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|R5 + Radeon™ R6 M435DX Dual Graphics with VRAM GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek 8821AE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - FHD 15.6 1920x1080 - 37W battery internal - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - internal battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS M509ba || <!--Chipset-->AMD A9-9425 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for RADEON R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot max 16Gb - 19VDC 2.37A Max 45W 4.0mm x 1.35mm - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->ExpertBook P1410, ASUS ExpertBook P1 P1510CD, Expertbook Y1511CD || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 3200U, Ryzen 5 3500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->Nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for AMD}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit 14in or 15.6in 768p to 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 19V 3.42A asus barrel connector 4.0MM X 1.35MM 4phi -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUSTeK ASUS EXPERTBOOK L1 L1400CDA, L1500CDA - 19v 3.42a 4.5phi Barrel with centre pin Outer 4.5mm Inner 3mm asus special untested EXA1203XH, EXA1203YH, EXA1208UH, PA-1650-30, PA-1650-78, PA-1650-93, ADP-65GD B, ADP-65DW B (Euro) || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' Ryzen 5 3500U - '''untested''' Ryzen 3 3200U, 3250U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 Nvme m.2 slot will not boot with sata3 m.2, optional 1 sata hdd with ribbon cable, no dvd drive}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for AMD vega 3, 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio 0x15de 0x15e3 with ALC256 codec 0x10ec 0x0256}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 1 usb-c and 3 usb-a }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro-->3500U with AROS One 64bit 1.2 usb installed to m.2 sata on another machine || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit 14in or 15.6in 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - up to 8Gb ddr4 sodimm soldered on board and 1 slot - micro sd card slot on some models - 42Whr B31N1915 C31N1915 C31N2204 - hold down F2 and press power for bios setup -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
==== Dell ====
[[#top|...to the top]]
Order of build quality (Lowest to highest)
<pre >
Studio
Inspiron
Vostro
XPS
Alienware
Precision
Latitude
</pre >
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="10%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude CP 233GT, CPi d233xt d266xt D300XT a366xt, CPt S400GT S500GT S550GT S600GT S700ST, CPt C333GT C400GT || <!--Chipset-->Neo Magic || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - Neo magic Magic Media 2160 2360 256ZX || <!--Audio-->{{No|crystal pnp 4237b or magic media 256zx sound nm2360}} || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit Low-Density 16-chip 144p 144-pin 32Mx64 3.3V SODIMM -
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Latitude CPx H450GT H500GT H Series, CPt V433GT V466GT V600, Inspiron 5000 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 440BX with Pentium 3M (CPx) or Celeron (CPt) || <!--IDE-->{{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use Vesa - ATi Rage Pro Mobility M1}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1978 Maestro 2E Canyon 3D}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|1 slot 1.1 only}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Test Distro-->NB May 2013 || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit - 3 pin PA-6 PA6 power adapter plug - CDROM DVD Cxxx family media bay accessories untested
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude C500 C600 (Quanta TM6) Inspiron 4000 7500, CPx J Series || <!--Chipset-->440BX ZX/DX || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI Rage 128Pro Mobility M3 (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|ES1983S Maestro 3i}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 1.1 only}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A|some models had mini pci e100}}|| <!--Wireless-->{{N/A|a few came with internal antenna wiring}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->1999 square 3 pin charger PA9 PA-9 - C/Dock II untested - C/Port untested - Parallel to Floppy cable untested - CPx J600GT J650GT J700GT J750GT J800GT J850GT
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude C510 C610 Insprion 4100 PP01L 2600 || <!--Chipset-->i830 and 1GHz+ P3-M || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|use VESA - ATI Radeon Mobility M6}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 CS4205}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|3Com Etherlink}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|internal antenna wiring for an Atheros mini pci card}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2000 poor build quality - hard to find in good working order
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude C400 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 830 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 830 CGC}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ac97 Crystal 4205}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|3Com 3c905C TX/TX-M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2000 Slim for the time - no media bays
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude C640 (Quanta TM8) C840 Inspiron 8k2 8200 i8200 precision m50 || <!--Chipset-->P4M with 845EP || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA if ATi - use nouveau if 64mb Nvidia Gforce 4 440 Go || <!--Audio-->AC97 CS4205 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->3com 905c || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 C640 had one fan so was noisy and hot - C840 had 2 fans and ran slightly cooler but fan noise louder
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| Latitude D400 || P-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 ide}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|VESA only}} || {{yes|AC97 Audio playback only}} || {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || {{maybe|PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{no|BCM4318 AirForce one 54g replace with atheros 5k mini pci}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit might boot from USB stick but won't boot from USB-DVD - no sd card slot - power plug style -
|-
| Latitude D500 / D505 PP10L, Inspiron 510m
|| 855GME
* revA00
* revA03
* revA06
| {{yes|IDE but needs the Dell adapter}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|855GM Gfx (VESA only)}} || {{Yes|Intel AC97 with IDT STAC 9750 codec playback head phones only}} || {{maybe| }} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4306 but exchange with atheros g in panel on laptop bottom}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || 2003 - 14 / 15 inch XGA 4:3 screen - plastic build - no sd card slot - boots from bay optical drive - not powering on/off with ac adapter is a [http://www.geekzone.co.nz/forums.asp?forumid=37&topicid=30585 mobo fault of PC13 SMT 1206 ceramic cap hot] suggest [http://www.die4laser.com/D505fix/ 0.1uF 50V instead] - pc2700 333Mhz ram 1Gb max -
|-
| Latitude D505 (some) || VIA VT8237 VX700 || {{yes|IDE}} || || {{partial|VESA 2d on ATI RV350 Radeon 9550}} || {{no|VIA AC97 with codec}} || {{maybe|VIA USB glitchy}} || {{yes|VIA VT6102 Rhine-II}} || {{no|Intel 2200g Calexico2}} || <!--Test Distro--> || 2003 32bit little support - diagnostics pressing holding the Fn key, press the Power ON button (battery removed). Check the LEDs pattern - cmos battery behind flap in laptop battery slot -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 1000 || <!--Chipset-->SIS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use VESA SIS}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 SIS with AD1981B codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|SIS 900 but}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit [https://forum.level1techs.com/t/my-time-with-icaros-desktop-and-what-i-am-doing-as-a-dev-contributor-also-some-other-shit/113358 aremis using it]
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 1100 PP07L || <!--Chipset-->845 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 845G}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC'97 playback}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom 4401}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5 || <!--Comments-->2004
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 8500 5150 || <!--Chipset-->P4 855GM || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia 5200 Go - VESA if intel gfx}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|MCP AC97 with SigmaTel 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom 440x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom 4306 rev 02 use Atheros Mini PCI}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit P4 runs well but hot
|-
| Latitude X300 PP04S small, slim and light case
|| 855GME
* revA00 Intel ULV 1.2 Ghz
* revA01 Intel ULV 1.4Ghz
| {{yes|IDE internal and will boot cd/dvd through dock PR04S}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|855GM Gfx (VESA only)}} || {{Yes|Intel AC97 with STAC 97xx codec but no audio out of the dock}} || {{maybe|works but dock usb ports and usb DVD PD01S not detected}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM5705M gigabit}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4306 later intel - replace with atheros in the underside}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1, 2020 AROS One 1.6 usb, || 2003 12.1" 1024 x 768 - 19.5v PA-10 or PA-12 dell - ACPI works but bad s3 ram suspend sleep - no sd card boot - 1Gb max sodimm ddr 2700
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D600 (Quanta JM2) PP05L - 600m
|| <!--Chipset-->82855 PM i855
* reva00
* revA01
* revA02
* revA03
* revA04
| <!--IDE--> {{yes}} || <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA - ATI Radeon RV250 Mobility FireGL 9000}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 - STAC 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5705}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 2100 or Broadcom BCM4306 - swap for Atheros panel in base}} || <!--Test Distro-->2011 Icaros 1.3 and [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62187.html 1.4.1 and 2016 2.1.1] || <!--Opinion-->2003 32bit 14inch using pc2100 memory with Caps light blinking is usually a memory error - Dell D505 D600 power up pressing the case docking port -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D600 (Quanta JM2) || <!--Chipset-->82855 PM i855 || <!--IDE--> {{yes}} || <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D only vidia NV28 GeForce4 Ti 4200 Go 5200 Go 5650 Go}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 - STAC 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5705}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom BCM4306 mini pci - swap for Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.3 and [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62187.html 1.4.1] || <!--Opinion-->2003 32bit 14" - solder joints on the bios chip (press down f7/f8 keys) - RAM clean with eraser - memory cover plate maybe apply some pressure -
|-
| <!--Name-->D800 (Compal LA-1901) || <!--Chipset-->Intel 855 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom 570x || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom 4309 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - trackpoint type pointing device -
|-
| <!--Name-->D800 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 855 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{No|Nvidia }} || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom 570x || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom 4309 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit 15inch 39cm
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 1200 2200 PP10S Latitude 110L m350 1.3Ghz || <!--Chipset-->Intel 915GM || <!--IDE--> {{yes|UDMA boots cd or DVD and installs to HDisk}} || <!--SATA--> {{N/A}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA900 (2D and 3D openGL 1.x) Gearbox 56}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 playback only}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|BroadCom BCM4318 - swap for Atheros mini PCI in base panel}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.5 || <!--Comments-->2005 single core 32bit 14" 4:3 1024 768 XGA screen - heavy 6 lbs - PA16 barrel 19V 3.16A AC adapter - battery life 4cell 29WHr lasts 2 hours - 256mb soldered with 1 ddr pc2100 sodimm 1gb max -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 1300 business B130 home PP21L Latitude 120L B120 by Compal - Inspiron 630m || <!--Chipset-->Intel Celeron M360 1.4GHz, M370 1.50 GHz, M380 1.73GHz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes|boots cd or DVD and installs to HDisk}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 915 2D and 3D openGL 1.x tunnel 172 gearbox 70}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio playback ear phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|works but waiting boot fail with AROS One usb version}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom 440x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|intel 2200 or BCM4318 swap for Atheros mini pci underside - one antenna lead for main wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.2, 2020 AROS One 1.6 usb, || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit single core - 14.1″ XGA 4:3 or 15.4" WXGA wide 1280 x 800 matte - ddr2 sodimm ram 2gb max - PA-16 19v psu tip 7.4mm * 5mm - f10 boot select f1 f2 bios
|-
| Latitude X1 PP05S || PP-M GMA915 rev A00 1.1GHz non-pae || {{yes|ide 1.8in zif/ce under keyboard}} || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|Vesa for Intel 915GM}} || {{yes|AC97 6.6 playback only with STAC codec}} || {{maybe|USB 2.0 but partial boot to blank screen}} || {{No|Broadcom 5751}} || {{no|Intel 2200BG - swap for Atheros mini pci under keyboard palm rest - disassembly of all laptop}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 dvd iso image virtualbox'd onto usb, Aros One 1.5 and 1.8 usb (2022) || 2005 32bit 12.1" 4:3 1024 x 768 - sd slot not bootable - 256mb soldered to board and 1 sodimm max 1GB ddr2 under keyboard - F12 bios boot F2 - pa-17 pa17 19v octagonal psu port
|-
| Latitude D410 PP06S
*rev A00
*A01, A02
*A03
|| GMA915 1.6GHz Pentium® M 730, 1.7GHz, 750 1.86GHz & 760 2.0GHz, 770 2.13GHz || {{yes|caddy and adapter needed 2.5" - remove hdd and write}} || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|Intel 915GM 2D and 3D OpenGL 1.3 tunnel 170 and gearbox 75}} || {{yes|AC97 playback only with STAC 9751 codec}} || {{maybe|works but will not boot from USB-DVD or AROS One 1.5 usb version}} || {{No|Broadcom 5751}} || {{no|Intel 2915ABG or later 2200BG - swap for Atheros mini pci under keyboard}} || <!--Test Distro-->2015 Icaros 1.4, 2016 2.1.1 and AROS One 1.5 usb, || 2005 32bit 12.1" 4:3 1024 x 768 - no sd card slot - PR06S dock base
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D510 (Quanta DM1) || <!--Chipset-->915GM socket 479 || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 915 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 STAC 975x}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG swap Atheros mini pci in base}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 14.1" 32bit single core Intel Celeron M 1.6GHz Pentium M 730 1.73Ghz - squarish 3:2 - issues with 3rd party battery 4 quick flashes of red led with 1 final green
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D610 (Quanta JM5B) PP11L
|| <!--Chipset-->910GML 915GM with mobile 1.6 to 2.26ghz
* Rev A0x
* Rev A0x
* Rev A07 1.73Ghz
| <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 915 2D and 3D tunnel 174 gearbox 74}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 speaker head phones playback only with stac codec}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 2200BG or Broadcom mini pci under keyboard, swap wifi card for atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 14" 1024 x 768 - very noisy clicky trackpad buttons - one dimm slot under keyboard and other in underside 2GB 533Mhz 667Mhz DDR2 max -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D610 (Quanta JM5B) 0C4717 REV A05, 0K3879 REV.A00 || <!--Chipset-->915GM || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - Ati X300 no radeon 2d}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG mini pci use Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 14" 1024 x 768 - very noisy clicky trackpad buttons - 19.5v psu
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D810 (Quanta ) || <!--Chipset-->915GM || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - Ati X300 RV370 M22 later x600}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 stereo playback only idt 9751 codec}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0 but no boot from usb on 1.5}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG mini pci replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.1, aros one 1.5 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 15.4" F12 one time boot menu - 19.5v 90w psu ideal - battery not same as later dx20 ones -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 6000 6400, E1505 PP20L
*A00 Pentium M
*A0? Core Duo
|| <!--Chipset-->GM945 with PM 1.73Ghz, T2050 or T2060 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|vesa 2d - Ati 9700, x1300 RV515 M52, x1400 or nvidia go 7300 on mxm board}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio IDT 9200}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|usb boot }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200 3945 - swap for Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1, AROS One 1.6 || <!--Comments-->2006 mostly 32bit - 15.4 inch glossy - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots - broadcom bcm92045 bluetooth detected but no support - 19.5v dell psu socket - f2 bios setup, f12 boot order -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspirion E1705 9200 9300 9400 PP12L PP14L || <!--Chipset-->945GM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->proprietary Dell card/socket format Nvidia 6800, ati X300 or nVidia 7900GS gpu 3d corrupt || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=6481 increasing vertical lines issues] 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Studio XPS M1210 || <!--Chipset-->GM945 with Core Duo to intel C2D T5500, T7400 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->nVidia G72M 7300 7400m || <!--Audio-->HD Audio IDT 92xx || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4311 - swap for Atheros 5k mini pci-e}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 slots max 4Gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 1501 PP23LA Latitude 131L || <!--Chipset-->AMD Sempron 1.8GHz Turion MK-36 or X2 1.6Ghz TL-50 or TL-56 on ATI RS480 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - ATI 1150 (x300) RS482M Mobility Radeon Xpress 200}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with stac 92xx codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom bcm 4401}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bcm4311 replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5 || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit 15.4 inch matt 16:10 1280x800 WXGA -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 6400 (Quanta FM1)
*A00 Pentium M
*A0? Core Duo
*A08 Core2 Duo
|| <!--Chipset-->GM945 with BGA479 (socket M) T2050 1.6Ghz, T2060 1.60Ghz, T2080 1.73Ghz much later T5500 1.66Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with IDT 92xx codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4311 swap for Atheros 5k mini pci-e under keyboard}} || <!--Test Distro-->deadwood 2019-04-16 iso || <!--Comments-->2006 mostly 32bit - 15.4" glossy - sd card - front multimedia keys - dvd rw - generic dell keyboard - coin cr2032 bios battery under keyboard -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 640m PP19L XPS M140 e1405 || <!--Chipset-->Core Solo T2050, T2300 Duo 1.83GHz T2400 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio IDT || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM4401-B0 100Base || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 or Broadcom 43xx, swap for Atheros 5k - Wireless Internet ON or OFF press the Function key + F2}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32 bit - 12.1 LCD CCFL WXGA 1280x800 up to 14.1 inch 16:10 1440x900 pixel, WXGA+ UltraSharp - supports also SSE3 on duos -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D420 (Compal LA-3071P) PP09S
|| <!--Chipset-->945
* revA00 Solo 1.2Ghz ULV U1400
* revA01 Duo 1.06Ghz u2500
* revA02 Duo 1.2Ghz
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|ZIF/CE 1.8" slow under battery, ribbon cable}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA950 - 2D and 3D opengl tunnel 138 gearbox 103}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with STAC 92xx playback speakers head phones only)}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|2 and external usb optical drive works}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 mini pcie - swap Atheros 5k in base panel}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros Desktop 1.4 || <!--Opinion-->2006 32bit only - 12.1" 1280x800 - PR09S dock base rev02 DVD-RW usb boots - 1GB DDR2 2Rx16 max in base panel - f2 setup f5 diagnostics f12 boot list -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D520 PP17L
|| <!--Chipset-->
* 64bit rev A01, A02 945GM Core2 Duo 1.83Ghz to 2.3Ghz
* 32bit rev A00, A01 940GML Solo later Duo T2400
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| Philips SDR089, Philips CDD5263, TEAC DW224EV, Optiarc AD-5540A, HL-DL-ST GSAT21N, TSSTcorp TS-L632D}} || {{Yes|bios sata set to ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 900 series 2D and OpenGL1 3D tunnel 210 gearbox 153 teapot 27}} || {{Yes|HD audio with STAC 9200 codec}} || {{Yes|Boots and detects USB2.0}} || {{Yes|Broadcom 4400}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4312 BCM4321 Dell 1390 / 1490 mini pcie - easy to replace with atheros 5k in base panel}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4 and 2.2 and both AROS One 1.8 and AROS One x64 1.1 USB boot || 2006 mostly 64bit 4:3 aspect ratio 14.1 (XGA 1024x768) or later 15 inches (XGA+ 1400 by 1050) - F2 enter bios F12 choose boot - 19.5v dell tip pa-12 charger - bios coin cell cr2032 battery socketed in base panel -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D620 (Compal LA-2792) PP18L
|| <!--Chipset-->945GMS
* rev A00 all Core Duo's 32 bit
* rev A0x all Core 2 Duo's 64 bit
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D tunnel gearbox opengl1 || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio playback}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 3945 mini pcie swap with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->AspireOS Xenon || <!--Opinion-->2006 64bit AROS capable with later revisions - 14" 1280 x 800
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D620
|| <!--Chipset-->Intel i945
* revA00 all Core Duo's 32 bit
* revA01 all Core 2 Duo's 64 bit
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia 7300, 7600 NVS 110M G72 || <!--Audio-->{{dunno|HD Audio with STAC 9200 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless--> {{dunno}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2007 1440x900 screen - LA-2792P Rev.2.0 - DT785 UC218 Fan/ Heatsink (64bit) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D820 (Quanta JM6)
|| <!--Chipset-->945GMS 940GML
* rev A00
* rev A01
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D tunnel 195 - 100? gearbox 156}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with STAC 9200 playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|BCM4310 replace with mini pcie atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Opinion-->2007 widescreen 15 inch 1280 x 800 matte - -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D820 (Quanta JM)
|| <!--Chipset-->945GMS 940GML
* revA00
* revA01
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Nvidia NVS 110M 120M G72}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio STAC 9200}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|BCM4310 swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit 15.4 1650x1050 WXGA or WSXGA+ or 1920x1200 WUXGA -
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Latitude D531 15" || <!--Chipset-->AMD Turion X2 TL56 or TL60 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA - ATi xpress X1270}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with IDT codec || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 57xx}} || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 or Dell Wireless 1390, 1505 or BCM4311 mini pcie || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit possible - no trackpoint - fails and goes wrong often -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D430 PP09S
|| <!--Chipset-->945 with Core2 Duo C2D U7500 1.06GHz U7600 1.2GHz U7700 1.33GHz
* rev A00
* rev A01
* rev A02
| <!--IDE-->ZIF PATA IDE 1.8inch under battery and ribbon cable - slow use USB instead || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|945GML 2D and 3D opengl 1.x 171 tunnel 105 gearbox}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|STAC 92xx HD Audio speaker and ear phone - mono speaker}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 4965 AGN or 3945 ABG mini pci-e underside with Atheros 5k mini pci-e}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aspire 1.8 || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit capable - sd card not supported - 19.5v PA12 power adapter - 12.1" 1280x800 matte - f2 setup f5 diagnostics f12 boot list -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D530 || <!--Chipset-->GM965 + ICH8 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{partial|nVidia Quadro NVS 135M 2D 3d glitches G86}} || <!--Audio-->{{partial|HD Audio with STAC 9205 head phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG swap with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.5 || <!--Comments-->2007 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=6481 ] cool air intake from underneath needed with pa-10 or pa-3e 90w psu required - standard 4:3 ratio aspect screen -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D630 (Compal LA-3301P) PP18L
|| <!--Chipset-->GM965 + ICH8 T7250 2.0Ghz T7300
* revA00
* revA01
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA X3100 (2D only, no external monitor)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio STAC 9205 but speaker and head phones}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB 2.0}}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom BCM4312 swap with pci-e Atheros 5k under keyboard}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit possible - F12 to choose boot option - 2 ddr2 sodimm max 4G - 4400mah 48Wh battery lasts 2 hours - 6600mah 73Wh lasts just over 3 hours
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D630
|| <!--Chipset-->GM965 + ICH8
* revA00 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=6481 ] GPU heatpad, no copper
* revA01 0DT785 heatsink
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{partial|use VESA as nVidia NVS 135M 3d corrupts 0.7 tunnel 0.25 gearbox G86}} || <!--Audio-->{{partial|HD Audio with STAC 9205 head phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.5 || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D830
|| <!--Chipset-->965GM with Core2
* revA00
* revA01
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GM965 crestline 2d and 3d tunnel 115}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|replace with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros || <!--Comments-->2007 15 inch 1280 x 900 but updating the LCD to WXGA or WSXGA+ could be better - 2 ddr2 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude D830 || <!--Chipset-->ICH8, Core2 DUO T7800 @ 2.60GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->Intel ICH8M Serial ATA || <!--Gfx-->nVidia Quadro NVS 140M G86 || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit || <!--Wireless-->Intel Wireless 4965AGN swap with Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.03 || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 15." - FN,F2 or FN,F8 or FN,F12
|-
| <!--Name-->XPS M1710 || <!--Chipset-->945PM with T2400 T2600 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->proprietary Dell card socket format GTX 7950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 1000 or Broadcom BCM5752 || <!--Wireless-->Intel swap with Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 64bit || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 17.3" workstation type WXGA+ screen 1920x1200 - 2 ddr-2 667Mhz sodimm slots,
|-
| <!--Name-->XPS M1730 || <!--Chipset-->965 with T7200 T7600 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GTX 7950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 1000 || <!--Wireless-->Intel swap with Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit 17" workstation type WXGA+ screen manufactured by AU Optronics poor viewing angles, unevenly lit, light leakage, 2 ddr-2 800Mhz slots,
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude E6410 P27LA, E6510 PP30LA, E6310 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5-520M to i7-620M i7 820QM but no sse4.1 or AVX || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|NVidia NVS 3100M GT218 2D but 3D through external monitor}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio IDT 92HD81}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom or Intel 6200AGN or Link 6300}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3 || <!--Comments-->2010 64 bit - 14.1” WXGA+ up to 15.6in 15.6” FHD 1080p - 2 ddr3l 1333Mhz max 8Gb - 90w dell charger -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron M5030 || <!--Chipset-->rev A01 AMD V120, V140 rev A0? V160 M880G || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA RS880M Radeon HD 4225, 4250}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with ALC269q codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8152 v2}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - DDR3 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->E6420 E6520 ATG semi ruggized XFR || <!--Chipset-->sandy bridge i5 2520M 2540M or duo I7 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|set to Bios UEFI mode AHCI}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Intel HD 3000 with optional fermi Nvidia NVS 4200M GF119}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with IDT 92HD90 BXX codec but not HDMI codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6205}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.03 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit 15.6in - fan exhausts a lot of hot air when cpu taxed - VGA if Bios ATA set and Vesa only with Bios ACHI set -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron M5040 || <!--Chipset-->slow amd E450, later C-50 C50 or C-60 C60 with A50M chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|non efi sata in IDE mode but base plastic difficult to remove for access}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA AMD Radeon 6320, 6250 or 6290}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio IDT}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8105E VB 10/100}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 icaros 2.1.1 and AROS USB 1.6 || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit 15INCH 1388 X 768 - f2 bios setup, f12 boot order - under removable keyboard via 4 top spring loaded catches is 1 ddr3l sodimm max 8gb and wifi -
|-
| Latitude e6230 E6330 E6430 || i3 3320M 3350M 2.8 GHz i5 3360M i7 3520M || {{N/A}} || {{partial|non RAID mode}} || {{partial|Intel HD 4000 (VESA only)}} || {{no|HD Audio}} || {{partial|Intel USB 3.0 (USB 1.1 2.0 only)}} || {{No|Intel 82579LM Gigabit}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313}} || <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2014 09-27 || 2013 64bit Ivy Bridge - 12.5-inch 13.3-inch 14-inch screen - not great support, better under hosted -
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Latitude 3330 || <!--Chipset-->Core i3 – 2375M to i5 – 3337U, Intel® Core i3 – 3227U, Celeron 1007U on HM77 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d for intel Hd 2000 3000 vga hdmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio with IDT 92HD93 Controller codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.0 (2), USB 2.0 PowerShare capable }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwood usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit, 13.3” HD 1366X768 16:9, 2 ddr3l slots max 8Gb, 720p HD video webcam,
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 15 5565 5567 AMD versions, Inspiron 3595 || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9200u A9-9400 9425 A12-9700P Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->Radeon R5 R8 GCN 3 || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{partial| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit AVX2 - 15.6in 768p or 900p - there are intel versions avoid -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude 5495, Inspiron 15 3585 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2300U 2500U 2700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|NVMe or optional 2.5in sata if caddy and ribbon cable}} || <!--Gfx-->Radeon Vega 3 or 7 || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3246 aka ALC295 0x10ec, 0x0295 or ALC3263 aka ALC 0x10ec, 0x0 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14.0" FHD WVA 1080p (16:9) 220 nits or HD 768p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 32gb - 68whr battery with 2pin cmos bios coin - DC 19.5V 4.62A (90W) or 19.5V 3.34W (65W) 5.0mm x 7.4mm PA12 charging adapter -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 3505, Vostro 3515 || <!--Chipset-->athlon 300u, Ryzen 3250u (2c4t) 3450u 3500u 3700u (4c8t), Athlon Silver (2c2t) Gold (2c4t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|up to 2 nvme with optional 2.5in sata ribbon connector}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8, 10}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|Realtek ALC3204, Cirrus Logic CS8409 (CS42L42 and SN005825)}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|RTL 8106E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8723DE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64-bit - 15.6inch - 2 ddr4 sodimm max 16G - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 5485 2-in-1 || <!--Chipset-->athlon 300u, Ryzen 3250u (2c4t) 3450u 3500u 3700u (4c8t), Athlon Silver (2c2t) Gold (2c4t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8, 10}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|Realtek ALC3204}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8723DE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64-bit - 14inch - 2 ddr4 sodimm max 16G - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude 3500, 3310, 3410, 3510, || <!--Chipset-->Intel Celeron-4205U, Pentium-5405U, Core i5 (8th Gen) i3-8145U, 8265U, i5-8365U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2D for Intel UHD Graphics 610 or 620 hdmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|Realtek ALC}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 usb-c usb-a}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111H}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p to 1080p 220nits - 65w - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - rtc cr2032 cmos 2 pin -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron 5405 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 4500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->One M.2 2230/2280 nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3204 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14" 1080p - dell round ac 19.50 VDC 4.50 mm x 2.90 mm 65W(19.5V-3.34A) round 4.5mm tip -
|-
| <!--Name-->Vostro 5415, Inspiron 5515 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 5300U, Ryzen 5 5500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 14" or 15.6in - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use or use dell round ac 65W 4.5MM x 3.0MM - replacing keyboard not easy - 1 ddr4 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name-->Vostro 3425, Vostro 3525, Vostro 5625 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 5425U, Ryzen 5 5625U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB4}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 14in 15.6" to 16" FHD 1080p - dell round ac 65w 4.5MM x 3.0MM or avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use -
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Inspiron 15 Model 3535, Inspiron 14 7435 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 7520U, AMD Ryzen 5 7530U, 7 7730U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{No| hdmi 1.4 but no gpmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2024 64bit - 14.0" or 15.6" 1080p - dell round ac 65w 4.5MM x 3.0MM or usb-c charging - full sd card slot -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|}
====Fujitsu-Siemens====
[[#top|...to the top]]
Order of build quality (Lowest to highest)
<pre >
Amilo
Esprimo
Lifebook
</pre >
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Fujitsu [http://www.labri.fr/perso/fleury/index.php?page=bug_transmeta FMV-Biblo Loox S73A (Japan P1100) LifeBook P1120 Biblo Loox T93C (Japan P2120) P2020] || <!--Chipset-->Transmeta Crusoe CPU TM5600 633MHz with Ali M1535 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->ATI Rage Mobility M with 4MB SDRAM || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 Ali M1535 + STAC9723 Codec}} || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 only || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1999 32bit 10" 1280 x 600 matte LCD - QuickPoint IV mouse - metal chassis with palm rest plastic - 15GB 2.5 inch drive and SR 8175 8X DVD-ROM drive -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Lifebook S7000 S7010 S7010D S2020 || <!--Chipset-->Pentium M 1.6 or 1.7GHz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - Intel 855}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|AC97 with STAC 9751T or 9767 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros, Broadcom or Intel 2200BG - FN,F10}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit 14.1 inch with minimal support
|-
| <!--Name-->Lifebook e8010 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 855GM}} || <!--Audio-->AC97 STAC9767 or ALC203 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5705M}} || <!--Wireless-->Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3.1 || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit 15.1 inch
|-
| <!--Name-->Stylistic ST5000 ST5010 ST5011 ST5012 ST5020 ST5021 ST5022 || <!--Chipset-->1.0GHz P-M and later 1.1GHz on Intel 855GME || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Intel 800 use VESA || <!--Audio-->Intel AC97 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM5788 tg3 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200BG}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit charged via a proprietary port power connector 16V 3.75A with wacom serial pen interface - indoor Screen transmissive 10.1 and later 12.1 XGA TFT -
|-
| <!--Name-->Amilo Pro V2010 || <!--Chipset-->VIA CN400 PM880 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{No|S3 unichrome use VESA}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|VIA AC97 VT8237 with codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Rhine 6102 6103 || <!--Wireless-->RaLink RT2500 || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit boot mount - unknown bootstrap error then crashes
|-
| <!--Name-->Amilo Li 1705 CN896 || <!--Chipset--> with VIA P4M900 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE}} || <!--Gfx-->ATi || <!--Audio-->{{No|VIA VT8237 HD Audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->VT82xx 62xx || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|VIA Rhine}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros G}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit random freezes
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> Esprimo Mobile V5535 Skt mPGA 478MN
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE and EIDE}}
| <!--SATA--> {{maybe|IDE mode with SIS 5513}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{maybe|SiS 771 / 671 (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{yes|HD Audio SIS968 SIS966 SI7012 with ALC268 codec}}
| <!--USB--> {{no|USB 1.1 and 2.0 issues}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|SiS 191 gigabit}}
| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros AR5001 mini pci express}}
| <!--Test Distro-->aros one 1.5 usb
| <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 20v barrel - f2 setup f12 multi boot - random freezing short time after booting - chipset SIS 671MX -
|-
| <!--Name-->Amilo SI 1520 1521p || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 2D}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio Conexant codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Intel Pro 100}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.2 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit - Set Bios option ATA Control Mode to Compatible
|-
| <!--Name-->Lifebook S7020 S7020D || <!--Chipset--> Pentium M 740 1.73MHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 915 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC260 codec || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM5751M Gigabit || <!--Wireless-->Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG or Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Stylistic ST5030 ST5031 ST5032 || <!--Chipset-->1 to 1.2GHx Pentium M with 915GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Intel 900 || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Marvell || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit charged via a proprietary port power connector 6.0 x 4.4 mm round - 200 pin ddr2 ram
|-
| <!--Name-->Stylistic ST5110 ST5111 ST5112 || <!--Chipset-->945GM with 1.2GHz Core Duo and Core2 Duo || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 900 || <!--Audio-->HD audio with STAC9228 codec || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 ABG or optional atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 either 32 or 64 bit - charged via a proprietary port power connector 6.0 x 4.4 mm round - SigmaTel® touchscreen -
|-
| <!--Name-->E8110 S7110 E8210 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|945GM}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC262 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8055 Gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit Core Duo
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || CHIPSET || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Lifebook PH521 || <!--Chipset-->AMD E-350 E-450 1.65GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->HD 6310M 6320M || <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC269 || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 802.11 bgn}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6 inch 1366x768 pixels - DDR3 1066MHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->LIFEBOOK E752/E782/S752/S782 || <!--Chipset--> with Intel Core i3-2328M to i3-3110M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82579V 1000 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel Wireless 6205 may be able to swap for Atheros 5k }} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 64bit || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====HP Compaq====
[[#top|...to the top]]
Build quality (Lowest to highest)
<pre >
Presario
Pavilion
Omnibook
ProBook
Armada
Elitebook
</pre >
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->1c00 series Compaq Presario [http://users.utu.fi/sjsepp/linuxcompaqarmada100s.html Armada 100S made by Mitac], 1247 || <!--Chipset-->K6-II with PE133 MVP-4 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA - Trident Blade3D AGP sp16953 || <!--Audio-->VIA ac'97 audio [rev20] with AD1881A codec || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|usual VIA issues [rev10]}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit 192MB max - PCcard Texas PC1211 no support - 1200 XL1 1200-XL1xx, XL101, XL103 XL105 XL106 XL109 XL110 XL111 XL116 XL118 XL119 XL125
|-
| <!--Name-->1c01 series Armada 110, Evo N150 || <!--Chipset-->Intel with VIA PLE133 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - Trident Cyber Blade i1 chipset || <!--Audio-->VIA 686 rev20 82xxx 686a || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 82557 Pro 100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit max 192mb sodimm 100Mhz 133Mhz ram memory - 1200-XL405A 12XL405A XL502A 12XL502A 1600XL
|-
| Armada M300 M700 E500 || 440BX || {{Yes| }} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|ATI Rage LT M1 Mobility (VESA only)}} || {{no|AC97 ESS Maestro 2E M2E ES1987 sound}} || {{yes|USB1.1 only}} || {{No|[http://perho.org/stuff/m300/index_en.html Intel PRO 100+ Mini PCI]}} || {{N/A}} || Aspire OS 2012, Nightly 30-01 2013 and 04-05 2013 || 1999 32bit - F10 bios options and Fn+F11 reset CMOS with 64mb ram already on board
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Omnibook XE3 || <!--Chipset-->Intel BX 600Mhz GC model 256mb or AMD GD 500Mhz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - S3 Inc. 86C270 294 Savage IX-MV (rev 11) || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1988 Allegro 1 (rev 12)}} || <!--USB-->Intel 82371AB PIIX4 USB (rev 01) || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit no cardbus pcmcia support - no audio from Polk Audio Speakers -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Omnibook XE3 || <!--Chipset-->82830 ICH3 P3-M 750MHz 800Mhz 900MHz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - CGC 830MG}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1988 Maestro 3i}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|only one 1.1 port}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|e100 82557}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A|}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.51 || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit Boots USB Stick via Plop boot floppy - Memory for GF 256-512mb, GS up 1GB
|-
| <!--Name-->TC1000 TC-1000 Tablet PC || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA NV11 [GeForce2 Go] (rev b2) || <!--Audio-->VIA AC97 Audio (rev 50) || <!--USB-->OHCI NEC USB 2.0 (rev 02) || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 82551 QM (rev 10) || <!--Wireless-->Atmel at76c506 802.11b || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit Transmeta LongRun (rev 03) with VT82C686 - Texas Instruments TI PCI1520 PC card Cardbus
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq R3000 ZV5000 (Compal LA-1851) || <!--Chipset-->Nvidia nForce 3 with AMD CPU || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go 32M] || <!--Audio-->Nvidia || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom or Realtek RTL8139 || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4303 BCM4306 or Atheros bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - HPs have a setting to automatically disable wireless if a wired connection is detected
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq [http://www.walterswebsite.us/drivers.htm Presario 700 series] || <!--Chipset-->VT8363 VT8365 [Apollo Pro KT133 KM133] || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VT8636A (S3 Savage TwisterK) (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|VIA AC97 [rev50] with AD1886 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|VIA UHCI USB 1.1 [rev1a]}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RealTek RTL8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom BCM4306}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit poor consumer grade level construction - jbl audio pro speakers - no support for cardbus pcmcia TI PCI1410 - 700A EA LA UK US Z 701AP EA BR FR 701Z 702US 703US AP JP audio sp18895 Sp19472
|-
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| N400c || P3-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 CAM IDE U100}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Rage Mobility 128 (VESA only)}} || {{No|Maestro 3 allegro 1}} || {{yes|USB1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit Has no optical disc drive
|-
| N410c || P3-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 CAM IDE U100}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Radeon Mobility M7 LW 7500 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|Intel AC97 with AD1886 codec}} || {{yes|USB1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit Has no optical disc drive
|-
| Evo N600c || Pentium 4 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility M7 (VESA only)}} || {{No|ESS ES1968 Maestro 2}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2003 32bit
|-
| Evo N610c || Pentium 4 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility M7 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|Intel ICH AC97 with AD1886 codec}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.2.4 ||
|-
| N800c || P4 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility 7500 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit P4M CPU can get very warm
|-
| <!--Name-->NX7010 || <!--Chipset-->Intel || <!--IDE-->{{yes|IDE}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI mobility 7500 or 9000 Radeon 9200 64MB (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 ADI codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|uhci (1.1) and ehci (2.0)}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200b bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq Preasrio V5000 (Compal LA-2771) || <!--Chipset-->AMD Sempron 3000+ or Turion ML with SB400 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - Ati RS480M Xpress 200}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 ATI with Conexant CX 20468 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8100 8101L 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|bcm4318 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2004 64bit single core machine V5001 V5002 V5002EA V5003
|-
| <!--Name-->TC1100 TC-1100 Tablet PC || <!--Chipset-->855PM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia Geforce4 Go || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|BCM 4400}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros wlan W400 W500 or ? bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->NC6000 NC8000 NW8000 || <!--Chipset-->855PM with Pentium M 1.5 1.6 1.8GHz 2.0GHz || <!--IDE-->max 160 GB for NW 8000 || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Ati RV350 mobility 9600 M10 Fire GL T2 ISV use VESA 2D as no laptop display}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel AC97 with ADI codec playback only}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|2 ports}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM 5705M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|mini pci Atheros 5212 BG W400 W500 or Intel - all bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 based [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=41916&forum=47 works] - Firewire TI TSB43AB22/A - 8 pound 2.5 kg travel weight - an SD slot as well as two PC Card slots - 15-inch UXGA screen (1,600 x 1,200) or 15" SXGA+ (1400 x 1050) (4:3 ratio)
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq NC6110 NX6110 NC6120 NC6220 NC4200 NC8200 TC4200 || <!--Chipset-->GMA 915GML || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D GMA 900}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 with ADI AD1981B playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|440x or BCM 5705M or 5751M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel IPW 2200 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5.2 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit Sonoma based - Wifi with Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY else use USB one - (INVENTEC ASPEN UMA MV) (INVENTEC ASPEN DIS PV) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq C500 CTO aka HP G7000 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 945GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with realtek ALC262 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom BCM 4311 bios locked || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->HP DV6000 || <!--Chipset-->945GMS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio IDT 92HD 91B || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel PRO 100 VE || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32 bit only - Mosfet FDS6679 common cause of shorts giving no power to the tip. To reset adapter, unplug from AC (mains) and wait 15-30 sec. Then plug in again -
|-
| Presario F700 series, HP G6000 f730us F750 F750us F755US F756NR F765em || AMD Turion Mono MK-36 2.0Ghz NForce 560m or Twin X2 TK-55 with nForce 610m MCP67 || {{N/A| }} || {{Yes|but needs special sata adapt bit and caddy}} || {{Yes|GF Go 7000m 2D and 3D 640x350 to 1280x800 - ball solder issues due to poor cooling}} || {{Maybe| }} || {{Maybe|uhci and ehci boots}} || {{No|Nvidia }} || {{Yes|Atheros AR5007 bios locked}} || Icaros 1.3.1 and Aros One 1.6 USB || 2006 64bit - f9 boot device f10 bios setup - random freezes after a minutes use means internal ventilation maintenance needed each year essential - No sd card and overall limited phoenix bios options -
|-
| <!--Name-->Presario v6604au v6608au V3500 || <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA MCP67M with AMD Athlon64 X2 TK 55 amd 1.8ghz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|SATA 150}} || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA GeForce Go 7150M 630i or C67 630M MCP67 || <!--Audio-->conexant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia or Realtek 10/100 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom 4311 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit Altec Lansing Stereo Speakers - ball solder issues -
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq presario v6610 v6615eo v6620us || <!--Chipset-->Turion 64 X2 mobile TK-55 / 1.8 GHz to athlon 64x2 @ 2.4ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|SATA 150}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|geforce 7150 or 7300m 2d and 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AMD HD Audio with IDT codec stereo playback only}} || <!--USB-->3 OHCI EHCI || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3 - || <!--Comments-->2007 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=40956&forum=48 works well] - 1 x ExpressCard/54 - SD Card slot - AO4407 test voltage of the Drain side (pins 5-8) with AC adapter and no battery, see 0 volts, connect the battery you should have 10-14v -
|-
| <!--Name-->v6630em v6642em || <!--Chipset-->nForce 630M with AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-58 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA GeForce 6150M or 7150M || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 15.4 in 1280 x 800 ( WXGA ) -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq NC6400 || <!--Chipset-->945GM Core Duo || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|GMA 950 2D issues and no 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio AD1981HD}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|BCM }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros || <!--Comments-->2007 - replaced with Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY else use USB g -
* 32bit Core Duo T2400
* 64bit Core 2 Duo T5600 T7600
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq NV NC6400 || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo + 945PM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Radeon x1300M (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with ADI1981 low volume}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|BCM 5753M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 ABG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.4.2 || <!--Opinion-->2007 Harmon Kardon speakers
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq NC6320 || <!--Chipset-->945GM with
* 32bit Core Duo 1.83GHz T2400
* 64bit Core2 Duo 1.83GHz T5600
|| <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 950 2D with a little 3D tunnel 213}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with AD1981HD codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|BCM 5788}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2 || <!--Comments-->2007 replaced with Atheros AR5007eg if applying hacked wifi bios RISKY!! else use USB - 14.1" or 15 inch XGA 1024x768 - noisy cpu fan for core2 - trackpad rhs acts as window scroller -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP NC4400 TC4400 Tablet || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo with 82945 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|bios F.07 limits to 100GB 120GB}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|2D and 3D 282 tunnel and gearbox 150}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ADI 1981HD codec via ear phones}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|BCM 5753M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 or BCM 4306 - Whitelist BIOS F.0C needed but risky}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->2008 64 bit possible with Core2 - TI SD card reader non bootable - wacom serial digitiser pen not working -
* 32bit 1.86GHz core duo
* 64bit 2Ghz T7200, 2.16Ghz Core 2 Duo T7600 2.33GHz
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Pavilion DV2000 CTO || <!--Chipset-->945GMS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950, X3100, Nvidia 8400M || <!--Audio-->HD Audio Conexant CX 20549 Venice || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia MCP51 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM 4311 or Intel 3945 4965 ABG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq Presario C700 || <!--Chipset-->GMA960 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->X3100 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139 || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros AR5007 AR5001 AR242x}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq 2510p 6510b 6710b 6910b || <!--Chipset-->GMA 965GM GL960 || <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|X3100 some 2d but slow software 3d only}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio ADI AD1981 HD low volume on head phones}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82566 or Broadcom BCM 5787M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945ABG or 4965ABG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aspire OS Xenon 2014 || <!--Comments-->2008 no sd card boot support - F9 to choose boot option - [http://forums.mydigitallife.info/threads/7681-This-is-no-request-thread!-HP-COMPAQ-bioses-how-to-modify-the-bios/page111?p=333358#post333358 whitelist removal (risky) bios block for wifi card swap]
|-
| <!--Name-->CQ40 CQ41 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Intel}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BC4310 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq Presario CQ35 CQ36 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4312 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 Compal LA-4743P -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq CQ42 CQ43 CQ45 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Coxenant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8191SE, Realtek 8188CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 (Quanta AX1)
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq Presario CQ50 CQ56 || <!--Chipset-->Nvidia MCP78S || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Geforce 8200M || <!--Audio-->nVidia HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->nvidia MCP77 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR928X bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 [http://donovan6000.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/insyde-bios-modding-wifi-and-wwan-whitelists.html bios modding risky] MCP72XE MCP72P MCP78U MCP78S
|-
| <!--Name-->CQ60 || <!--Chipset-->Single core Sempron to dual turion || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Nvidia 8200M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008
|-
| <!--Name-->HP DV6700 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{no|Vesa for Nvidia 8400M}} || <!--Audio-->{{no| }} || <!--USB-->{{no| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->CQ60 || <!--Chipset-->Intel C2D || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Nvidia 9200M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->CQ57z || <!--Chipset-->Slow AMD E-300 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA ATi HD 6310 wrestler}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek RTL8101 RTL8102}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RaLink RT5390}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP CQ58z 103SA E5K15EA || <!--Chipset-->Slow AMD Dual-Core E1-1500 APU with A68M FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon HD 7310}} || <!--Audio-->Realtek idt codec || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 10/100 BASE-T}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 39.6 cm (15.6") HD BrightView LED-backlit (1366 x 768)
|-
| <!--Name-->HP 635 DM1 || <!--Chipset-->Slow E-300, E-450 later E2-1800 on SB7x0 SB8x0 SB9x0 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->ATI non efi SATA AHCI - IDE mode || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA 2D - AMD HD6310, 6320 to HD7340}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ALC270A GR but not Wrestler HDMI Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 driver covers Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 14" 1366 x 768 - f9 f10 - external battery - 2 stacked ddr3l sodimm slots max 16Gb under one base plate - removable keyboard -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP G6 2000-2b10NR 2000-2d10SX 2000-2d80NR || <!--Chipset-->E1-2000 E2-3000M on A50M (soldered) A4-3305A on A60M (socket) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Radeon 6320, 6620G, 6520G, 6480G, 6380G}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek 100 1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 39.6-cm (15.6-in) HD LED BrightView (1366×768) - 1 or 2 ddr3l max 8G - 19VDC 3.42A Max 65W Tip 7.4mm x 5.0mm -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 6465B || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-3310MX or A6-3410MX with A60M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD 6480G or 6520G}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|IDT 92HD81B1X}} || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel AC 6205 or broadcom 4313 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 13-inch or 14-inch runs hot -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 8470p 8570p || <!--Chipset-->Quad i7-3840QM, i7-3610QM, i7-3520M, i5-3210M, i3-3130M, i3-2370M on Intel QM77 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|set the bios boot options to not fastboot and drive mode IDE rather than AHCI }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for HD4000 with some having switchable Radeon M2000 or 7570M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio for IDT codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel 82579LM }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel, Broadcom, Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro-->64 bit boots from CD* if safe mode 2 is used, although it is possible to remove the 'nodma' and 'debug' entries and boot || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit with SSE4.1 and AVX - 14in 1600 x 900 to 1366 x 768 - 2 DDR3L sodimm slots max 16Gb - TPM 1.2 - dual boot 32/64 bit is working fine -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 6475b, Probook 4445s 4545s, HP Pavilion 15-b115sa, [https://support.hp.com/gb-en/document/c04015674#AbT6 HP mt41 Mobile Thin Client PC] || <!--Chipset-->AMD A4 4300M, A6 4400M 4455M or A8 4500M with AMD A70M A76M FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 7420 7520G 7640G 7660G}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio with idt or realtek codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek RTL8151FH-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6205 or Broadcom BCM 43228 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6-inch -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ENVY 15-k112nl K1Y78EA || <!--Chipset-->Intel® Core™ i7 i7-4510U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX 850M || <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwood usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 15.6" 768p to 1080p - 19.5V 3.33A/4.62A/6.15A 65W/90W/120W AC -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 255 G1, 455 G1 F2P93UT#ABA, 645 G1, Envy 15-j151ea G7V80EA, Envy m6-1310sa (E4R01EA#ABU) || <!--Chipset-->Slow AMD Dual-Core E1-1500, or AMD Quad A4-4300M A8-4500M A10-4600M A4-5150M A6-5350M 2.9Ghz A10-5750M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for 7310, 7420G 7520G 7640G 7660G 8350G 8450G or 8550G, 8650G, 8750G }} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio IDT 92HD91 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 14in and 15in 1366 x 768 - external battery - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - 19.5v / 4.62A psu runs hot -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 245 G4, 255 G2, 455 G2, 255 G3, 455 G3, 255 G4 80CB, 255 G5 82F6, 355 G2, HP Pavilion 15-p038na 15-g092sa 15-p091sa 15-G094S 15-p144na 15-p142na, 15-Af156sa || <!--Chipset-->Slow AMD A4-5000 A6-5200, E2-6110, E1-6010 E2-2000, E1-2100 E2-3800, A4-6210 A6-6310 A8-6410, E2-7110, A6-7310 A8-7410 APU on A68M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata some with cdrw dvdrw || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R2 R4 R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio ALC3201-GR}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8102E or Atheros 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Qualcomm Atheros AR9565}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit most have SSE4 AVX but E2-2000 does not - 15.6-inch (1366 x 768) - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - small 31Whr or 41Whr external battery covers 240 G4, 245 G4, 250 G4, 255 G4, 256 G4, 14G, 15G - keyboard repair swap requires removal of all components -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 725 G2, 745 G2, 755 G2 || <!--Chipset-->Amd Quad A6-7050B A8-7150B 1.9GHz A10-7350B || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA on AMD R4 R5 Radeon R6 with DP and vga}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD audio with IDT 92HD91}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 PCIe GBE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom or Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 12.5-inch, 14" or 15.6in (all 1366 x 768) - 19.5V 65w 45W AC adapter - internal pull up tab battery under base which slides off - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - keyboard swap requires removal of all components -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 645 g2, Probook 445 G2, Probook 245 G2 most have cmos rtc battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-8600 A8-8700 a10- || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon R5 R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel I219V 100/1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel or Qualcomm Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 14in and 15.6-inch HD (1366 x 768) or FHD 1080p - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots max 16GB - internal battery - hp ac psu tip -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Probook 455 G3 should have a cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD A10-8700P || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 2.5in sata and most should have 9.5mm dvd-rw || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Conexant CX7501 codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|RTL8188EE }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 725 G3, 745 G3, 755 G3, 725 G4, 745 G4, 755 G4, HP mt43 || <!--Chipset-->Amd A8-8600B, A10-8700B, A12-8800B to Quad A8 Pro 9600B to A10 9800 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA on AMD R5 R6 R7 with DP and vga but screen is low res, dull colours, and blurry}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD audio with IDT codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 5762 PCIe GBE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8723BE-VB}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - 12.5-inch (1366 x 768) to 14" and 15.6in - 2 sodimm ddr3 - 19.5V 45W AC slim 4.5mm hp adapter - randomly shuts down and the noisy fans constantly on - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 645 G3, 655 G3 should have a cmos rtc battery - || <!--Chipset-->AMD 8th Gen A10-8730B, A8-9600B (4c4t) A6-8530B (2c2t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for AMD R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel or Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 15.6in - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - keyboard repair swap requires removal of all components -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Probook 455 G4, Probook 455 G5, should have cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD A10-9600P APU, A9-9410, A6-9210 APU || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R4, R5 or R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|realtek or intel Wireless-AC 7265}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - keyboard swap problematic - rr03xl battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 645 G6, 255 G6 (), 255 G7 (la-g078p), HP Pavilion 14-BW - no cmos battery so needs internal battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD E2-9000e, A9-9420, 9220P, A4-9125 (all 2c) AMD A6-9225 AMD A9-9425 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3, most have no internal cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for R2 R3 R4}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x157a or 0x1002, 0x15b3 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Pavilion 14-BS, HP 15-BS no cmos battery but main battery || <!--Chipset-->Intel i3-6006u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3, most have no cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for Intel}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0x9d70 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad -
|-
| <!--Name-->ProBook 245 g8 - no cmos rtc coin battery but uses main battery || <!--Chipset-->Range all dual cores - AMD A6-9225 APU, AMD A4-9125 APU, AMD PRO A6-8350B APU, AMD PRO A4-5350B APU || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA R4 R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - many variants - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->Pavilion 15z bw0xxx, 15-bw024na 15-ba506na (), 15-bw060na () 15-DB0521SA (LA-G076P), HP Envy x360 () 15-ar052sa 2 in 1 (), no cmos battery but main battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD A9-9420 2c 2t, A10-9620p 4c4t 9700p 7th Gen Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata and an extra 2.5in sata if detachable 8pin ribbon cable present || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA R5 GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio 0x1022, 0x157a with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit AVX2 - 15.6in 768p or 1080p - internal battery - 19.5V 2.31A hp plug - 1 DDR4-1866 SDRAM sodimm slot - keyboard swap problematic -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Probook 255 G7 84AE 7DE72EA 7DE73EA (epv51 la-g076p) - CMOS Error (502) replace main internal battery HT03XL to have bios remember settings || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 2200U 2300U (2c4t), R5 2500U, R7 2700U (4c8t) Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|M.2 (Sata or NVMe) and very optional 2.5in sata, most have mini sata port}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d 640p to 768p for AMD Vega 3, 6, or 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with ALC236 0x10ec, 0x0236 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8821CE, 8822BE or Intel AC 8265}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS x64 deadwoods' iso does not boot with cd/dvd and installed to 2.5in ssd, boots to grub choice, select but no further and reboots || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - 12.5 to 15.6in 768p mostly to 1080p - 1 on smaller laptops or 2 ddr4 2400mhz sodimm slots on larger laptops max 16Gb - hp 4.5mm blue tip charging - keyboard swap problematic - esc boot options f9 boot order f10 bios - synaptics touchpad -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP EliteBook 725 G5, 735 G5, 745 G5, 755 G5, Probook 455 G6 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 2200U 2300U (2c4t), R5 2500U, R7 2700U (4c8t) Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|M.2 (Sata or NVMe) and very optional 2.5in sata, some have mini sata port but no cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d 640p to 768p for AMD Vega 3, 6, or 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with ALC 0x10ec, 0x0 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8821CE, 8822BE or Intel AC 8265}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS untested || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - 12.5 to 15.6in 768p mostly to 1080p - 1 on smaller laptops or 2 ddr4 2400mhz sodimm slots on larger laptops max 16Gb - hp 4.5mm blue tip charging - keyboard swap problematic - esc boot options f9 boot order f10 bios - synaptics touchpad -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP 14-cm, 15-bw0, HP 15-db0043na, HP 15-db0996na, HP 15-db0997na, 17-ca0007na, 17-ca1, ProBook 645 G4 - no cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2200U (2c 4t) 2500U (4c 8t) with AMD Carrizo FCH 51 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 M.2 and 1 2.5in on some larger models and hdd port }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R5 and later Vega 3 or 7}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio 0x1002, 0x103c or 0x1022, 0x157a with Realtek ALC3227 0x10ec, 0x0227 and ATI HDMI}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|USB3 USB boot drive stuck on kitty's eyes}} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 RTL8111E || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL 8723DE 8821 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2020 Icaros 2.3 USB, || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit 2kg - screen is dim 14in, 15.6in or 17.3" 768p, later 1080p - 65W 19.5V ac adapter - internal 3-cell 41 Wh Li-ion battery does not last long - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - no DVD-Writer - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 250 G7 - no cmos battery so needs internal battery and needs usb3 boot due to rubbish bios boot options || <!--Chipset-->Intel 8235U 8265U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|M.2 nvme not working, optional sata 2.5in requires LS-G072P and ribbon cable, if internal cdrw dvdrw partial boot}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel WhiskeyLake-U 620 GT2 UHD}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0xa170 or 0x8086, 0x9dc8 with ALC236 codec 0x10EC, x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|Cannon Point-LP USB3.1 xHCI}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' test latest usb3 test iso does not boot software error or usb2 kitty eyes || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit 1080p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 16Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP 255 G7 7DC73EA 2D200EA 87CE (fpp55 la-g07jp), - CMOS Error (502) replace 41.04Wh ht03xl hto3xl dynapack suzhou main battery to have bios remember settings || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' R5 3500U (4c8t) '''untested''' mostly dual cores - AMD Athlon Gold 3150U (2c2t), Silver 3050U APU (2c2t), Ryzen 3 Pro 3145U APU, 3200U (2c4t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 m.2 NVMe or sata3 up to 2280, optional 2.5in sata, many have mini-sata slimline 6+7 internal port but no physical 9mm drive}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D from 640p to 1080p for AMD Vega 3, 6 or 8 with up to 2gb ram taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with realtek ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 but no usb-c}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek GbE RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 8822BE}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 Aros One 32bit and 64bit burnt iso does not fully boot (stuck on kitty's eyes) and installed onto 2.5in on another compatible computer, sometimes has dosboot bootstrap error -6 || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in / 15.6in dim tn panel 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16gb - hp 19.5V 45W 65W AC blue tip round 4.5 mm - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - caps lock blinking 3 times then 2 quick pulses means ram or bios issue - f9 boot order f10 uefi - laptop needs usb3 to boot and use so avoid until usb3 arrives
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://support.hp.com/gb-en/document/c06955717 ProBook 245 g8], Probook 445R G6, 455R G6, HP14-dk0599sa, pavilion 15-cw1511na 15-cw1507sa, HP 15s-eq1516sa || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Gold 3150U (2c2t), Silver 3050U APU (2c2t), Ryzen 3 Pro 3145U APU, 3200U (2c4t) and 3500U (4c8t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 m.2 (NVMe or sata3 up to 2280), optional 2.5in sata but resets}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D from 640p to 1080p for AMD Vega 3, 6 or 8 with up to 2gb ram taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with realtek ALC codec 0x10ec, 0x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek GbE RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 8822BE}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in / 15.6in dim tn panel 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16gb - hp 19.5V 45W 65W AC blue tip round 4.5 mm - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - f9 boot order f10 uefi
|-
| <!--Name-->Elitebook 735 G6 5VA23AV, Elitebook 745 G6, 255 g8, HP 15s-dy - no cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD® Ryzen™ 5-3500U Ryzen 3-3300U AMD Ryzen 3-3250U AMD Athlon® Gold 3150U AMD Athlon Silver 3050U AMD 3020e || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|m.2 2280 nvme in legacy - hp sure start and secure boot disabled but still issues with gpt installs - LS-H323P LS-K201P}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Vega 8, 5 or 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 6.34 ahi with realtek ALC codec 0x10EC, 0x0295}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 type-A port boots stick partially to kitty eyes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 realtek RTL8111E or 8111H}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|realtek or intel}} || <!--Test Distro-->2024 Icaros 2.3 onto USB and AROS One 1.8 USB, || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6in 1366x768 to 1920x1080 - 2 3200MHz DDR4 sodimms - 19.5V 2.31A or 20V 2.25 45W 4.5X3.0MM hp - esc bios setup, f9 boot device select - low travel keyboard - poor hw03xl or battery life - plastic hooked base with retained screws - touchpad? -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 445 G7, 455 G7 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 4300U 5 4500U 4700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 sata and 1 nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with realtek alc236 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek rtl8111ep}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|realtek RTL8822CE or intel AC 9260 or Wi-Fi 6 AX200}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14 inch 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - smart 45w 65w hp or usb-c charging - keyboard swap problematic - RE03XL battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP EliteBook 745 G7, 845 G7, HP 15-EH0006NA || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, 5 4500U, PRO 4650U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->SSD M.2 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Radeon Vega 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|Hdaudio with codec 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - Bang & Olufsen speakers - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 255 G8, HP 245 G9, ProBook 255 G9 816C2EA#ABE, - no cmos battery only internal battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD RYZEN 3 5300u, 5425U, 5 5500U 5625U, 7 5700u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|NVMe}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Vega 6 or 8 hdmi 1.4B}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822CE or Intel}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 14" to 15.6in 768p to 1080p poor gamut - 45 or 65w hp psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16GB - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP EliteBook 645 g7, 835 G8, 845 g8, HP ENVY x360 13 15, HP 17-cp0021na || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 5650U, 7 5800U, R7 Pro 5850U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Radeon}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x, 0x with ALC3247 aka ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek 1Gbe on 645 only}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 13.3" or 14" 1080p - poor screens low nits and srgb score - 845 gets hot ue to poor cooling - slim round hp ac - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Dev One, HP ProBook 455 G8 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 7 5800U, R7 5850U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 15.6" 1080p - 2 internal sodimm slots - hp barrel charging -
|-
| <!--Name-->Elitebook 655 g9 669y1ut#aba, || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 15.6" 1080p - 1 or 2 internal sodimm slots - usb-c charging -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP probook 635 Aero G8 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 5600U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2921 64bit - 14in 1080p - 2 ddr4 slots - ec chip nuvoton NPCX797HA1B - bios winbond 250256JYEN -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 845 g9 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6000 series 6850u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->M.2 NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }}Qualcomm Atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit aluminum case - 14in 1080p to 2140p 16:10 poor screen again - 2 internal ddr5 sodimm slots - usb-c ac charging avoid any knocks - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP ProBook 445 G10, 455 G10 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 7530U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Vega 7 || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15.6in - hp round ac -
|-
| <!--Name-->Hp 455 G11 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 7335U (4c8t), 5 7535U (6c12t), 7 7735U (8c16t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Vega 7 || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 35.6 cm (14.0 in) 1920x1200 or 2560x1600 - usb-c 45w or 65w ac - 2 ddr5 sodimm slots max 32gb -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====IBM/Lenovo====
[[#top|...to the top]]
Build quality (Lowest to highest)
<pre >
iSeries
Edge
Ideapad
Thinkpad - good cases and construction but electronic internals same as anyone else
</pre >
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad 390X 390E (2626) || <!--Chipset-->Neo Magic MM2200 with C400 P2-266 to P3 500MHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA || <!--Audio-->{{No|256AV or ESS Solo-1}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad 600x || <!--Chipset-->Intel 440BX || <!--IDE-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Neomagic NM2360 MagicMedia 256ZX}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|Crystal CS4297A codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3.1 || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit a little support - earlier 600 and 600e were Pentium 2 based
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X20 (2662-32U) X21 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 440 BX ZX DX || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 with Cirrus Logic Crystal cs4281}} || <!--USB-->1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->no mini pci intel e100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit
|-
| Thinkpad T20 (2647) T21 (26) T22 || 440BX || {{Maybe| }} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|Savage IX-MV (VESA only)}} || {{no|Cirrus Logic CS 4614/22/ 24/30}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2002 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->A21e (2628, 2655) A22e || <!--Chipset-->440MX || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Ati rage mobility || <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 Cs4299 CS4229}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->intel e100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002
|-
| Thinkpad T23 (2647) || i810 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|S3 Super Savage IX/C SDR (VESA only)}} || {{maybe|AC'97 CS4299}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel ICH3 PRO 100 VE}} || {{no|Realtek RTL8180L others with bios hacking risky}} || || 2003 32bit with some support
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X22 X23 X24 || <!--Chipset-->830 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ATi Mobility M6 LY || <!--Audio-->Ac97 CS4299 || <!--USB-->2 x 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->Intel Pro 100 || <!--Wireless-->Actiontec Harris Semi Intersil Prism 2.5 (X23 and X24 only) || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit with slice Ultrabase X2 -
|-
| <!--Name-->A30 A30p || <!--Chipset-->830 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Ati Radeon M6 || <!--Audio-->AC97 CS 4299 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel Pro 100 ve || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->A31 A31p R31 R32 T30 || <!--Chipset-->830 || <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Gfx-->Ati Radeon 7500 or FireGL || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 Intel with AD1881A codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes| Intel Pro 100 ve}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->[https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Android-Ecosystem-Developers/AROS-An-operation-system-inside-Android/td-p/1441741 Icaros 1.5.2] || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit Also tested with Icaros 2.0.3.
|-
| Thinkpad X30 (2673) X31 (2884-xx2) X31t || i830 || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA only Radeon M6 Mobility}} || {{yes|AC97 - AD1981B codec}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{no|Cisco Aironet or Intel 2915 but atheros with bios hacking}} || Icaros 1.4 || 2004 32bit sound bit distorted
|-
| <!--Name-->R50e R51 || <!--Chipset-->855M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Intel 855M use VESA}} || <!--Audio-->intel AC97 with AD1981B codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Intel 100 VE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit -
|-
| IBM Thinkpad T40 (2373) T41 T41p (2379) T42 T42p T43 T43p || Intel 8xx || {{partial|PIO}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI mobility 7500 9000 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97 playback}} || {{yes|uhci 1.1 and ehci 2.0}} || {{no|e1000}} || {{Maybe|Intel 2200bg bios locked but possible AR5BMB-44 AR5212 FRU 39T0081 mini PCI}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2004 32bit 16v IBM plug - Centrino Needs ATA=nodma option - issues with the inner chip of the SMT BGA graphics chip
|-
| Thinkpad X32 || i855 || {{yes|40, 60 or 80GB 2.5" PATA HDD}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA only ATI Mobility Radeon 7000 with 16MB}} || {{maybe| Intel AC'97 Audio with a AD1981B codec}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Intel 1000}} || {{no|Intel 2200 but atheros with bios hacking}} || 2016 Icaros 2.1 || 2004 32bit - 12.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution; 256 or 512MB PC2700 memory standard (2GB max)
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X40 X40t by Quanta || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel 800 (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel e1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel but most atheros with bios hacking - difficult though}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit last IBM design
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X41 (IBM) MT 1864 1865 2525 2526 2527 2528 x41t (Lenovo) MT 1866 1867 || <!--Chipset-->Intel with single core 1.5 1.6 and tablet 1.2GHz || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 915GML 2D}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751M tg3}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel or MiniPCI Wi-Fi Atheros AR5BMB FRU 39T0081 but ordinary atheros 54meg needs risky bios hacking}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit - amongst first Lenovo design
|-
| <!--Name-->R52 (most 18xx) || <!--Chipset-->Intel 915 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 915GML 2D}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->R52 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1870 || <!--Chipset-->ATi 200m || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{No|ATI}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751M tg3}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad T60 T60P
* 64bit - 6 or 8 is 16:10 on T60/p, eg. 8742-CTO 15.4"
* 32bit - 1 and 2 are 14", 15" 4:3, like 2007-YM3 or 1952-CTO
|| <!--Chipset-->*any* T60/p will take a Core 2 Duo CPU with newer BIOS || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA (2D) with "p" graphics card (ATi V5200 or V5250) || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || {{no|e1000e 82573L}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel ipw3945 ABG but atheros with Middleton's or Zender BIOS hacking risky}} || Icaros 1.4 || <!--Comments-->2006 -
|-
| <!--Name-->X60 x60s x60t tablet || <!--Chipset-->945GMS 940GML || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|AD1981 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 3945 ABG or fru 39T5578 Atheros 5K AR5BXB6 ar5007eg with bios hacking}} || <!--Comments-->Icaros 1.4 || 2006 32bit - perhaps needs a zendered bios update but risky
|-
| <!--Name-->R60 R60e || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->intel 950 with optional radeon x1300 x1400 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with 1981HD codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel or Broadcom || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel 3945 or atheros fru 39T5578 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit
|-
| Thinkpad T61 T61p without Middleton's or Zender BIOS || Core 2 Duo CPU T7300 T8300 || {{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || Intel GMA (2D), NVS 140m or Quadro FX 570M () || {{maybe|HD Audio with Analog Devices AD1984 or AD1984A HD Audio Codec routed to the line output}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || {{no|intel e1000e 82573L}} || {{No|Intel but atheros with bios hacking risky}} || Icaros 1.6, AROS One || 2007 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->X61 x61s X61T Tablet || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo T8100 on i965 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 3100 (2D) slow 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|AD1984 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82566DM}} || <!--Wireless-->{{maybe|Atheros AR5212 (some revisions use Intel WLAN runs very hot) bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit ultrabook running very hot - ddr2 max 4gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->R61 R61i || <!--Chipset-->Intel 965 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->intel 965 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with conexant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM5787M || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit
|-
| Lenovo 3000 N200 || <!--Chipset-->Santa Rosa || {{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || {{yes|Geforce 7300 (2D)}} || {{yes|ALC262 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || {{no|Broadcom}} || {{no|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || Icaros 1.4 || 2007 64bit 3D graphics parts are supported but buggy.
|-
| Lenovo 3000 N200 / V200 || GM965 ICH9-M with Intel Mobile Core 2 Duo T5450 || {{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || {{yes|X3100 (2D)}} || {{Maybe|HD Audio ALC269VB or CX20549}} || {{yes| }} || {{no|BCM5906M}} || {{no|Intel 3965 / 4965AGN bios locked}} || Icaros 1.4.1 2.1 || 2007 64bits of laptop works
|-
| <!--Name-->X300 || <!--Chipset-->Core 2 Duo Merom SL7100 1.2GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1.8 inch || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel X3100}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio AD1984A || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 4965 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 13.3" TFT 1440x900 (WXGA+) with LED backlight
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad Edge 11″ AMD K325 || <!--Chipset-->M880G || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA for ATI HD4200}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|8192CE (Realtek 8176) bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 little support
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X301 || <!--Chipset-->Core 2 Duo Penryn SU9400 Su9600 with GM45 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1.8 inch micro SATA (uSATA) || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel X4500}} || <!--Audio-->AD1984A || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 5xxx WiFi link 5100, 5150, 5300 and 5350 (WiMAX) bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 WXGA+ (1440×900) LED backlight display - 2774 or 4057 Alps and 2776 Synaptics touchpad - optical bay interface is Legacy IDE (PATA) - Addonics ADMS18SA, Lycom ST-170m
|-
| <!--Name-->X100e || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Neo Single-Core (MV-40) and dual cores || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|2.5in tray in ide mode in bios}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa ATI HD3200}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with CX20582 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek r8192se bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit 11.6in 1366 x 768 - 20v 65W round barrel - enter f1 setup f11 diagnostics f12 boot list - runs very warm -
|-
| <!--Name-->SL400 SL500 || Intel || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|IDE mode}} || {{Maybe|Nvidia 9400M}} || {{Maybe|ALC269}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{Maybe|RTL8169}} || {{Maybe| bios locked}} || ||
|-
| <!--Name-->SL410 SL510 || 965 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE mode}} || {{maybe|Intel GMA X4500M (some 2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio with ALC269 codec - speaker and ear phones}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{yes|RTL8169}} || {{Maybe| bios locked}} || [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=645774&postcount=28 Icaros 1.3] || 2009 64bit SL-410
|-
| <!--Name-->T400 ODM Wistron || <!--Chipset-->i || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Intel 4500MHD works limited 2d no 3d - optional switchable Nvidia or ATi HD3470 untested}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with Codec CX20561 (T400)}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel e1000e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel Wifi Link 5100 (AGN) half height card with FRU 43Y6493 or 5300 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit 20v lenovo plug - non-free firmware required iwlwifi
|-
| <!--Name-->T400s || <!--Chipset-->i || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VSEA for Intel 4500MHD works limited 2d no 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with CX20585}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel e1000e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel Wifi Link 5100 (AGN) half height card with FRU 43Y6493 or 5300 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit non-free firmware required iwlwifi
|-
| <!--Name-->Lenovo T500 T510 || <!--Chipset-->i || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA for switchable Intel / AMD HD 3640}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|Intel HD Audio with a CX20561 (t500) and CX20585 (T510) codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel or Lenovo branded unit Atheros AR5007EG AR5BHB63 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->X200 ODM Wistron [http://itgen.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/installing-arch-linux-on-lenovo.html X200s] and x200t tablet model without [http://fsfe.soup.io/post/590865884/the-unconventionals-blog-English-Flashing-Libreboot-on Risky flash of the Libreboot BIOS] || <!--Chipset-->GM45 GS45 with slow Celeron, SU or faster SL Core 2 Duos CPUs || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe||Intel GMA 4500 MHD 2D but slow software 3D tunnel 10 gearbox 8 tests}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel HD Audio with Conexant CX20561 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{{Yes|USB 2.0 USB SD card reads and writes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82567LM Gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel Pro 5100 5150 5300 5350 AGN due to whitelist prevention bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0.1 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit 12.1" CCFL (webcam version) or LED backlit (no webcam). no support for 54mm express cards or Authentec 2810 fingerprint reader - thinkpoint only no trackpad - thinklight -
|-
| <!--Name-->Lenovo T410 T410s T410si || <!--Chipset-->qm57 with i5 m || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use vesa Intel 5700MHD (Ironlake) core processor igp with optional Nvidia Quadro NVS 3100M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio Conexant CX20585 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82577lm gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel n 6200 or Atheros AR9280 AR5BHB92 half size minipcie bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2 xmas || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit battery life much lower with Nvidia graphics version - no support firewire ricoh r5c832 - ricoh sd card - series 5 3400
|-
| <!--Name-->X201 X201s x201t || <!--Chipset-->QM57 Core i3 370m, i5 M520 2.4GHz or i7 620LM 2.0GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|vesa 2d on Intel GMA HD}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel HD with [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=94.0 Conexant 20585] codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2010 X201 arrandale power consumption limits battery life to 3-4 hours for 48Whr though to 6 on 72Whr - 12.5" WXGA
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Ideapad B470, B570, V370, V470, V570 || <!--Chipset-->Intel® Core™ i5 i5-2430M, i5-2450M, || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d for Intel || <!--Audio-->HDaudio 0x8086, 0x1c20 with codec || <!--USB-->USB3 || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|whitelisted}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p -
|-
| <!--Name-->T420 type 4180 4236, t420s , T520 4239 L520 || <!--Chipset-->i5 2540, 2520 or i7 2860QM 2620 has sse4.1 avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS but not AHCI}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 136 x 768 - Intel HD 3000 with optional NVS 4200M Nvidia optimus or Radeon HD 565v }} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio playback ear phones only with Conexant CX20672 codec - AHI 6.27}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO 1000 82579LM}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 1x1, Intel Ultimate-N 6205 6250 2x2 6300 3x3 all bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2.2 add noacpi to grub boot options || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - screen 1600x900 or 1366x768 - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots max 16gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad W520 || <!--Chipset--> has sse4.1 avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Intel HD 3000 with nvidia quadro 1000m 2000m optimus issues with Nvidia Intel hybrids}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel Hd with CX 20585 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel 82579 Lm}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6000s}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - 15.6" TFT display with 1366x768 (HD), 1600x900 (HD+) or 1920x1080 (FHD) resolution with LED backlight
|-
| <!--Name-->X220 x220t || <!--Chipset-->QM67 express, dual i5 2520M or i7 dual 2620M sse4.1 avx support || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS but not AHCI}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D 1024 x 768 for Intel HD Graphics 3000}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel HD playback with Conexant 20672 codec ear phones and speaker - AHI 6.27 6.34}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel 82579LM}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 Wi-Fi bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3, Aros One USB 1.6 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit possible - uses slimmer 7 mm storage sata devices - NEC USB 3.0 on i7's - unwanted trackpad gestures when palms rests on it - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots - external battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X120e, x121e Quanta FL8A DAFL8AMB8D0 Rev D || <!--Chipset-->Hudson M1 with slow AMD E350 has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA ATI 0x9802}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ATI SBx00 Azalia HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->USB 2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->RTL8169 RTL8111 || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom 0x0576 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit 11.6 inch screen - 1 inch think - chiclet keyboard
|-
| <!--Name-->Ideapad S205 G575 G585, Edge 11 E325 || <!--Chipset-->Slow E-350 later E-450 with A75 or AMD Athlon II Neo has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA HD6310}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - removeable and plug in battery - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Ideapad S206 || <!--Chipset-->AMD E300 1.3GHZ Dual has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with CX20672 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|3.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom 10/100 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6" and integrated battery - Conexant®
|-
| <!--Name-->Lenovo x130e or x131e edu || <!--Chipset-->Slow AMD E-300 or E-450 has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon HD 6310 or 6320 }} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio Realtek ALC269VC / ALC3202 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|USB 30 and USB 20}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek RTL8111 RTL8168B}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8188CE or Broadcom BCM43228 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - rubber edged bumper for K12 education market - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad Edge E135 E335 || <!--Chipset-->amd dual E-300, E2-1800 or E2-2000 slow atom like A68M FCH has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|SATA 3.0Gb/s 2.5" wide 7mm high}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA radeon 6310 or 7340 vga or hdmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3202 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|2 usb3, 1 powered usb2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 8111f}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek WLAN whitelist bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6 inch to 13.3in 1366x768 - Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) plastic case - external battery - 20v 65w lenovo barrel ac - 2 ddr3 sodimm 8Gb max -
|-
| <!--Name-->ThinkPad Edge E525 E535 LENOVO IDEAPAD Z575 || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-3420M A8-3500M later A8-4500M has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD 6620G later 7640G}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Conexant codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|USB2 but not usb3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 matt - 65W 20v lenovo round psu - thick desktop replacement - ThinkPad Edge E520 E520S E525 E530 E545 E535 E530C Laptop Keyboard swap -
|-
| <!--Name-->T430 t430i T530 || <!--Chipset-->ivy bridge i5 3320 3230m on Intel QM77 has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 1366 x 768 for Intel HD 4000 with optional Nvidia 5400M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD with Realtek ALC3202 aka ALC269VC codec playback ear head phones - HDA 6.27}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2 ports and usb2.0 devices thru usb 3.0 ports}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel e1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel or Atheros AR9285 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit fan noise and chiclet keyboard, synaptics trackpad - HD+ 768p -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X230 x230t || <!--Chipset-->Intel QM67 express i5 has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD with ALC269 aka ALC3202}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|I}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - 12.2 in 1366 x 768 - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots - external battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad T440 t440s t440p T540 L440 L540 || <!--Chipset-->intel haswell 8 series Core i3 to i7 has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA - Intel 4600 or Nvidia}} || <!--Audio-->Intel HD with Realtek ALC3232 alc269 codec or ALC292 || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel AC 7260 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 14 and 15" models with glitchy trackpad and no physical buttons - keyboard repair not easy as well as 4 variants of key caps - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkpad X240 x240t ultrabook TN (20AL0081GE), HD IPS display without touch (20AL007NGE) and touch (20AL0076GE) but all 65% sRGB || <!--Chipset-->haswell i7-4600U i5 4200U 4210U 4300U i3-4100U - two batteries, one internal 3cell 45N1110 (45N1111) or 45N1112 (FRU 45N1113) and external 3 / 6cell 45N1126 (FRU 45N1127) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in 7mm sata (torq t7), m.2 2242 in WWAN slot (m and b key NGFF Sata) || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for Intel 4400 for vga or mini-dp}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0x0a0c 0x8086, 0x9c20 with Realtek ALC3232 aka ALC292 0x10ec, 0x0292}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel® 82577LM Gigabit (Hanksville) }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Intel 7260n I218-V or I218-LM bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 12.2in 1366 x 768 or 1080p - 1 ddr3l sodimm slot - no keyboard spill drainage and at least 2 variants of key caps - lenovo rectangle pwr ac - TPM 1.2 - Bluetooth 4.0 no support - large touchpad with integrated but no physical buttons - bottom panel loosening 8 retained screws - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery -
|-
| <!--Name-->ThinkPad Edge E545
* key cap swap with E440 E531 E540 L440 L450 T431S T440S T440P T540
* Keyboard swap L540 T540p W540 Edge E531 E540 W541 T550 W550S L560 P50S T560
|| <!--Chipset-->AMD Socket FS1r2 A6-5350M (2c2t) or A8-4500M, A8-5550M, A10-5750M (4c4t) with A76M FCH has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in 9.5mm - enter UEFI bios with Enter or ESC, config section, sata into compatibility and security, secure boot disabled - mini sata DVD burner PLSD DS8A9SH || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G ?? Islands}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|VOID for HDAudio 6.34 0x1022, 0x780d with Conexant CX20590 Analog 0x14f1, 0x506e CX20671 codec 0x14f1, 0x5069 or audio over Trinity HDMI}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|boots pen drives from yellow usb port but not from blue USB3 ones, issues with AMD usb3 hardware quirks}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 1GbE 8111F}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM43142 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.3 USB works with noacpi added to end of grub2 boot line but not booting on AROS One 64bit 1.1 via usb2 stick or iso burnt to dvd || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 matt - 20v 65w 90w round lenovo plug psu - 2 DDR3 SODIMM slots 16GB Max - external 6 Cell Li-Ion Battery 48Wh l11s6y01 45n1043 - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery in wifi area jp1202 - amd v(tm) virtualization not working -
|-
|<!--Name-->AMD platform codes
*Beema: ABM,
*Carizzo-L: ACL,
*Carizzo: ACZ,
*Godavari: AGR,
*Kaveri: AKV,
*Stoney Ridge: ASR,
*Stoney Ridge: AST (NB),
|| <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
*Summit Ridge: ASU,
*Bristol Ridge-L: ABL,
*Bristol Ridge: ABR,
*Raven Ridge: ARR,
*Picasso: API
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://www.laptop-schematics.com/db/78/V%20series%20laptops%20(Lenovo)/ V110-14AST (14in) V110-15AST, V110-14ISK V110-15ISK 80TL (15")], || <!--Chipset-->AMD E1-9000, A6-9210 to A9-9410 all dual core and intel 6006u, 6100u, 6200u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 2.5in sata most 7mm some 9.5mm || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R2, R3, R5 or R6 or Intel Gfx}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 14in to 15.6in mostly 768p 220 nits - 20v 45W or 65W lenovo slim rectangle end ac - keyboard swap hard - integrated 24WHr battery - 4gb ddr4 ram soldered and 1 2133Mhz ddr4 slot max 12Gb - abs plastic -
|-
|<!--Name-->
*ThinkPad A275 12in (1 ddr4 1866MHz sodimm)
*Thinkpad A475 14in (2 ddr4 1866MHz sodimm) - both internal (main) and external (secondary) battery
|| <!--Chipset-->A10-8730B A10-9700B 2.500Ghz later A12-8830B A12-9800B all 4c4t (AVX2 on 9000s) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|7mm 2.5in sata with mbr and not gpt, setup in another machine - secure boot disabled, bios startup boot set to legacy then uefi - WWAN slot cannot use M.2 2242 sata with M and B key}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R5 or R7}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 6.34 ahi 0x1022, 0x157a with ALC3268 aka ALC298 codec 0x10ec, 0x0298 - VOID even with QUERY / QUERYD added}} || <!--USB-->{{no|USB3 error on boot suspect AMD usb3 quirk}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8111EPV}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE WLAN whitelist locked cannot swap}} || <!--Test Distro-->{{maybe|AROSOne USB 32bit 1.8 with noacpi noapic noioapic added to grub2 boot line but Aros One 64bit 1.2 USB has krnPanic }} || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit 12 or 14in 768p - 45W or 65w lenovo rectangle ac adapter - F1 enter bios and F12 boot order - 6 retained screws and snap on base - 2100 error message no solution except using only efi/gpt bios option -
|-
|<!--Name-->320S-15AST, 320S-15ABR, ideapad Slim 1-11AST-05 81VR || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9220e, AMD A6-9225, A9-9425, A10-9600P 7th Gen || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe| Vesa 2D for AMD}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6" 768p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo Ideapad S145-14AST S145-15AST 81N3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9225, A9-9425, A10-9600P 7th Gen, AMD A12-9720P Mobo 5B20P11110 NMB341 Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon 8670A 8670M 8690M GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6" 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo Ideapad V145-14AST V145-15AST, 81mt, Ideapad 310, Ideapad 320-15ABR, Ideapad 330-14AST 330-15AST 330-17AST || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9225, A9-9425 (2c2t), A10-9600P 7th Gen, AMD A12-9720P Mobo 5B20P11110 NMB341 Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in with optional dvd}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon 8670A 8670M 8690M GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3240-va3-cg aka ALC236? codec 0x10de, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 8106E 10/100 only}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6" 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 45w 65w slim ac adapter -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo V330-14ARR 81B1, V330-15ARR 81, 330-14ARR 81 330-15ARR 81D2 - battery internal about 30whr || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen R3 2200U, 2300U or R5 2500U Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->M.2 nvme/sata, optional 2.5in sata but no dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 3, 6 or 8 up to 1Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1002, 0x15de with Realtek® ALC5682I-VD codec 0x10de, 0x or coxenant CX11802 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14" 768p 20mm thick 1.8kg - 20v 2.25a 45w ac round barrel - chiclet keyboard - 4Gb soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm - TPM 2.0 in bios - 4GB soldered -
|-
|<!--Name-->Ideapad 330s-14ARR, 330s-15ARR, ideapad 330S-14IKB, 330S-15IKB, - battery internal about 30whr || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen R3 2200U, 2300U or R5 2500U Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD or Intel 610, 620 up to 1Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14" 20mm thick 1.8kg - 20v 2.25a 45w ac round barrel - chiclet keyboard - 4Gb soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm - TPM 2.0 in bios - 4GB soldered -
|-
|<!--Name-->Thinkpad Edge E485 E585 - internal battery only || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen R3 2300U R5 2500U R7 2700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|m.2 nvme optional 1 2.5in sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Vega 3, 8 or 10}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with CX11852 codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p or 1080p - USB-C 20V 2.25A 3.25A avoid knocking charging port as damages easily - 2 ddr4 sodimm slot max 2400Mhz 32GB - TPM 2.0 software -
|-
|<!--Name-->Thinkpad A285 - internal and external battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen PRO 3 2200U 5 2500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|m.2 nvme/sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec aka ALC257 }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Mini-Ethernet/Docking}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm - WLAN whitelist no more??}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 12.5in 1080p - avoid usb-c port being lifted/moved whilst in use as damages laptop easily - soldered ram 8gb or 16gb - WWAN whitelist - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
|<!--Name-->Thinkpad A485 bios setting [https://github.com/PSPReverse/PSPTool AMD PSP Platform Security Processor Key] - internal and external battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen PRO 5 2500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata port and m.2 nvme port || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec aka ALC 257 }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUL}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi - WLAN whitelist no more??}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in 768p, 1080p or 1440p - avoid usb-c port being lifted/moved whilst in use as damages laptop easily - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 32gb - WWAN whitelist - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
|<!--Name-->[https://www.diy-laptoprepair.com/forum/fix-Lenovo-V155-15-repair-guide-schematics.php Lenovo v155-15api 81V5] V155 (15" AMD) budget all plastic build - MS new protocol, HID over I2C so [https://askubuntu.com/questions/1033033/elantech-touchpad-does-not-work-i2c-hid i2c] [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/drivers/input/mouse/elantech.c?h=v6.17 i2c] [https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.16/input/devices/elantech.html PS2 hybrid trackpad] [https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/sys/dev/atkbdc/psm.c?h=releng/14.3 elantech] [https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/sys/dev/pckbc/?only_with_tag=OPENBSD_7_8_BASE i2c-hid] 04F3:3140 touchpad not working - internal sunwoda battery L18D3PF1, L18L3PF1, L18C3PF2 35Whr most dead after 5 years || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' Ryzen 5 3500U and Ryzen 3 3200U - '''untested''' AMD Athlon 300U with bios winbond 25q64fwsiq soic 1.8v bios near nvme || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 M.2 nvme and usually 2.5in 7mm sata - install on mbr not gpt 2.5in in another compatible machine - mini sata dvd/cd da-8aesh11b will boot cd or dvd aros || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D to 1080p work for Vega 3 or 8 with up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken but hdmi 1.4b no output}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio add 0x1022, 0x15E3 with ALC3287 aka Realtek ALC257 codec 0x10ec, 0x0257 with 32bit on external speaker and most of the time works on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|2 USB3.0, on left hand side, detected but no usb-c ports}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS works well with 32bit and 64bit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Intel wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 AROS One 2.8 DVD 32bit and AROS One x64 1.1 and 1.2 iso DVD burnt || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p 200nits tn panel - 4Gb ddr4 2400MHz soldered with 1 dimm slot max 20Gb - round ac 20V 65W psu 4.0mm x 1.7mm - Fn+F2 to enter bios and F12 boot order - no sd card slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery -
|-
|<!--Name-->V15-ADA 82C700E4UK- elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD r5 3500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 with up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with R155189 ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 3500U with Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - noisy fan -
|-
|<!--Name-->V15-ADA 82C7 - elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U, 3250U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD + 1x M.2 SSD NVme near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 with up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with RTS5119 R155119 ALC230 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3.0, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 Aros One 32bit 2.8 and 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - for this mbd bios ram disable doesn't work - noisy fan -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo V14-ADA 82C6, - elan touchpad not working - if blank black display, bios bug going from uefi->legacy so reset bios rhs push in with pin, then Down, ent, Right x3, ent, up, ent, right, ent x2 - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' 3250U - '''untested''' AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U - for this mbd GV451&GV551 NM-D151 bios ram disable doesn't work || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD if cbl + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3 up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with Realtek ALC3223 RTS5119 R185199 aka ALC230 codec 0x10ec, 0x0230 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 AMD 3250U with Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - F2 bios F12 select -
|-
|<!--Name-->IdeaPad 1 14ADA5 (low spec cpus) ideaPad 3 14ADA05, IdeaPad 3 15ADA05 81W100QVUK, IdeaPad 3 17ADA05 - elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U, 3250U, Ryzen 5 3500U on mobo NM-C821 REV 0.2 1.0 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD if cbl + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with ALC230 codec 0x10ec, 0x0230 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - F2 bios F12 boot select -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo IdeaPad L340-15API 81LW001CUS L340-17API - elan trackpad not functioning - internal battery L18M3PF2 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon 300U, Ryzen 3 3200U r5 3500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 M.2 nvme and usually 2.5in sata if ribbon cable present - mini sata dvd/cd da-8aesh11b || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3 or 8 with up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken - hdmi 1.4b}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio add 0x1022, 0x15E3 with Realtek ALC236 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 not detected}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Intel wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.8 USB - install on mbr not gpt 2.5in in another compatible machine || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p 200nits - 4Gb ddr4 2400MHz soldered with 1 dimm slot max 20Gb - round ac 20V 65W psu 4.0mm x 1.7mm - Return or F1 to enter bios and F12 boot order - no sd card slot -
|-
|<!--Name-->[https://www.laptop-schematics.com/db/78/T%20series%20laptops%20(ThinkPad)/ ThinkPad T295 T495] || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 3300U, R5 Pro 3500U or R7 3700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe up to 2280 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 6, 8 or 10 up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111EPV}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE or Intel AC 9260}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14in 768p but mostly FHD 1080p 250 nits - internal battery - ram 8gb or 16gb 2400Mhz soldered with 1 ddr4 slot on T495 only - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging avoid knock whilst in use - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad T495s (14in) X395 (13in) || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 3300U, R5 Pro 3500U or R7 3700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe up to 2280 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 6, 8 or 10 up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{unk| needs Lenovo ThinkPad Ethernet Adapter Gen 2 SC10P42352 or SC10P42354}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE or Intel AC 9260 wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 13in or 14in 768p but mostly FHD 1080p 250 nits - internal battery - ram 8gb or 16gb 2400Mhz soldered - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging avoid knock whilst in use - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 Gen2, E15 Gen 2 (AMD) 20T8, - lenovo has a mobile phone PC Diagnostic App for error/beep codes || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, 5 4500U, 7 4700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2 m.2 nvme, 1 2242 and 1 2280 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 15.6in 1080p 220 nits - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging of internal 45Whr battery - 4gb ddr4 3200Mhz soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm slot max 20Gb - keyboard swap problematic - plastic bendy case -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkPad T14 Gen 1, ThinkPad P14s Gen 1 (AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300u, 5 4500U, Ryzen 5 Pro 4650U, Ryzen 7 Pro 4750U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Vega }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - USB-C charging avoid moving whilst in use - 14" or 15" 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 8gb or 16gb 3200MHz soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - sd card slot -
|-
|<!--Name-->Thinkpad L14 Gen 1, L15 Gen 1, || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300u, 5 4500U, Ryzen 5 Pro 4650U, Ryzen 7 Pro 4750U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Vega }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - USB-C charger avoid moving whilst in use - 14" or 15" 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 8gb or 16gb 3200MHz soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - sd card slot -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Gen1 AMD, || <!--Chipset-->AMD RYZEN 3 4450U, 5 4650U or 7 4750U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->One drive, up to 512GB M.2 2242 SSD or 1TB M.2 2280 SSD NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| but USB-C ports can fail}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Realtek RTL8111EPV, mini RJ-45 to RJ-45 via optional ThinkPad Ethernet Extension Adapter Gen 2}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek Wi-Fi 6 RTL8852AE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 13.3" HD 1366x768 to 1080p - USB-C port care needed as damages easily - Memory soldered to systemboard, no slots, dual-channel DDR4-3200 -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkBook 14 G2, 15 G2 Are || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 4500u, 7 4700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->14in has 2 m.2 nvme but 15in has 1 nvme and might have 2.5in sata metal caddy if smaller battery version || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC???? codec 0x10EC, 0x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14in or 15in 1080p - usb-c charging but high failure rate on the charging port - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot 3200mhz - hinge(s) issues -
|-
|<!--Name-->IdeaPad 5 14ARE05 (81YM), Ideapad 5 15ARE05 (), IdeaPad 3 17ARE05 (model 81W5) - elan touchpad MSFT0004:00 06CB:CD98 not working || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' 4500u - '''untested''' AMD 3 4300U (4c4t), 4600U (6c12t), 7 4700u (8c16t) on AMD Promontory Bixby FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1x M.2 2242 slot and 1x M.2 2280 NVMe which will take sata m.2 will boot to grub then laptop reset after choice}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 6 via hdmi output up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 6.36 0x1637 0x15e3 with Realtek ALC3287 aka ALC257 codec 0x10ec 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 or 3.2 gen 1}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel ax200 wifi 6}} || <!--Test Distro-->4500u with AROS One 64bit 1.2 usb installed to m.2 sata on another machine || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit 14inch 768p or 1080p - round lenovo ac - 4gb, 8gb, or 16gb ddr4 3200Mhz ram soldered with 1 slot - keyboard swap problematic - integrated battery -
|-
|<!--Name-->Ideapad Flex 5 81X2, Lenovo Yoga 6 13ALC6 || <!--Chipset-->AMD R5 4500u, R7 4800U, R3 5300 R5 5500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->M.2 NVMe ssd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Vega up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC? codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3.1 gen 1}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|realtek ac wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit abs plastic case 14in convertible 1080p touch low nits - 65w usb-c psu ac - possible wacom esr note taking pen supplied - ram soldered DDR4 - keyboard swap problematic -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 2, P14s Gen 2 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 5850U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3287-CG codec 0x10EC, 0x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 - usb-c power 90% failure rate on the charging port -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkBook 14 G3, 15 G3 ACL, || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 5500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 14in or 15in 1080p - usb-c charging powered -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 G3, E15 Gen 3 (AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 5300U 5500U 5650U 5700U 5800U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->up to 2 m.2 nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|realtek or intel }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - - usb-c charging issues - keyboard swap problematic - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - plastic bendy case -
|-
|<!--Name-->V14 Gen 2 (82KA, 82KC)
*ALO
*ALC 82KD
|| <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 5300U, 5 5500U, 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme 2280 and optional 2.5in sata after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 15.6" FHD 1080p - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 65w round ac adaptor -
|-
|<!--Name-->V15 G2 Gen2 (82KB, 82KD)
*ALO
*ALC 82KD
|| <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 5300U, 5 5500U, 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme 2280 and optional 2.5in sata after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 15.6" FHD 1080p - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 65w round ac adaptor -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad L15 Gen 2 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 5000 series AMD Ryzen 3 5400U (4c8t), 5 5600U, 5 5650U (6c12t), 7 PRO 5850U (8c16t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p - usb-c charging - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 Gen 4, E15 Gen 4 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 3 5425u, 5 5625U, 7 5825u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 (14") or 2 (15") nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - usb-c charging - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - L19M3PDA 45Whr battery - U24 TPS65994 and QB6 QB5 mosfet issues - plastic bendy case -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 3 Machine types MT 21AH 21AJ 21CF and 21CG, P14s Gen 3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6850U || <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d || <!--Audio-->{{unk| ALC3287-VA2-CG codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 14in
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14s Gen 3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6500U || <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d || <!--Audio-->{{unk| ALC3287-VA2-CG codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Ethernet support via optional Lenovo® USB-C® to Ethernet Adapter}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 14in
|-
|<!--Name-->V14 G3, V15 G3 Gen3 ALC || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 6500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme and optional 2.5in sata if smaller 38Wh battery and after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15"FHD - battery BYD L20B2PFO -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad L15 Gen 3 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6000 series || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo Yoga 7 14ARB7 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5, 6600U, 7 6800U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD 660M or 680M || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with ALC3306 aka alc287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 14in 1800p ips 300 nits - usb-c ac charging 71whr integrated battery - sd card slot - digital pen input - 8gb, 6gb or 32gb soldered ddr5 ram -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 4, P14s Gen 4 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen Pro 5 7540U, Ryzen Pro 7 7840U (AI NPU) || <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD 740M 780M|| <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 14in 1920x1200 - 8gb, 16gb or 32gb lpddr5 soldered - usb-c charging -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 g5, E15 Gen 5 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 7000 series Ryzen 5-7530U, 7-7730U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p -
|-
|<!--Name-->Thinkbook 14 G6 ABP IRL, ThinkBook 16 G6ABP (21KK001CUK) || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 7530U 7730U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 untested}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 14in 1200p or 1440p - 100W USB-C AC power adapter -
|-
|<!--Name-->IdeaPad Slim 5 Light 14ABR8 Laptop || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 7330U (4c8t) 5 7530U (6c12t) 7 7730U (8c16t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2 m.2 nvme slot - 1 2242, 1 2280 || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 14in 1080p - 8Gb or 16Gb soldered ram - usb-c charging only -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad X13 Gen 4 (13" AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 7480U 7040U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 - avoid usb-c port damage -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad L14 (Gen4), L15 Gen 4 (15" AMD) || <!--Chipset-->MD Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U, 7480U 7040U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - elan trackpad -
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo Gen 4 V14 (82YT, 82YV, 83A0, 83A1, 83CC, 83FR, 82YX, 83FG), V15 (82YU, 82YW, 83FS, 82YY, 83CR), V17 (83A2), || <!--Chipset-->AMD AMD Athlon™ Gold 7220U (2c4t), AMD Athlon™ Silver 7120U (2c2t), AMD Ryzen™ 3 7320U (4c8t), AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U (4c8t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme and 2.5in sata if smaller 38Wh battery, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for AMD 610M HDMI® and USB-C}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Gigabit Ethernet, 1x RJ-45}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|wifi 6}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15.6" FHD 1080p - 8 or 16Gb soldered - 65W round tip (3-pin) AC adapter or USB-C -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad e14 G6, e15 Gen 6 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 7000 series AMD Ryzen™ 7 7735HS || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad L16 (16" AMD), || <!--Chipset-->AMD 8000 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB4}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 5, P14s Gen 5 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 8840U, AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8540U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVME || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - 14inch 1920 x 1200 -
|-
|<!--Name--> Lenovo WinBook 300e SKU: 82GKS00000 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 3015E || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit 4GB 64GB SSD 11.6 Inch Touchscreen Windows 10 Pro Laptop
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
|<!--Name-->Lenovo Yoga Slim 7a || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen AI 7350 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD 860M || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with ALC3306 aka alc287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - 14in 1800p ips 300 nits - usb-c ac charging 71whr integrated battery - sd card slot - digital pen input - 8gb, 6gb or 32gb soldered ddr5 ram -
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|<!--Name-->ThinkPad || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Samsung====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="2%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->NP-Q1 Q1 || <!--Chipset-->Celeron-M 353 ULV 600Mhz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes|1.8" SFF HDD 20 / 60 GB }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 915 2D and 3D opengl1 tunnel 95 gearbox 68}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec - head phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Yes|Atheros 5006EX}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit old style tablet UltraMobile PC UMPC - Wacom serial resistive pen or finger no support - 1 sodimm ddr2 max 1Gb - LCD 7" WVGA (800 x 480) - CompactFlash port Type II -
|-
| <!--Name-->NP Q1U Ultra Mobile PC UMPC Q1F NP-Q1-F000 || <!--Chipset-->Intel A100 600 / A110 Stealey 800 MHz CPU || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|GMA 950 2D and 3D opengl1}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio 1986}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros 5006EX}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit 1024×600 - sd card slot -
|-
| <!--Name-->NP P500 family P500Y || <!--Chipset-->AMD with SB600 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Ati x1250}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| Audio with codec }} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8039 yukon}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|Atheros G}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->64bit possible - 15.4 tft display - cheap plastic okay build - 19v propriety end -
|-
| <!--Name-->R505 R510 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros G || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->R520 R522 R610H R620 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Mobile Core i3 Intel PM45 82801M ICH9-M|| <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4650 (RV730) || <!--Audio-->Intel HD Audio with Realtek ALC272 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Marvell Yukon 88E8057 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR5007EG || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2010 64 bit possible
|-
| NP-R530 || || {{N/A}} || {{partial|IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{partial|HD Audio playback}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{no|Marvell}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || Icaros 1.5.2 || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Samsung R730 17.3 Essential Notebook NP-R730-JA02UK, NP-R730-JA01SE, R730-JT06 || <!--Chipset-->Intel HM55 Dual Core T4300 i3-370M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for Intel 4500MHD and GeForce G 310M with 1 VGA, 1 HDMI}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio ALC??? codec Realtek}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell Yukon 88E8059 PCI-E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Broadcom, Intel or Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods ISO 2023-11 || <!--Comments-->2010 64bit - 17.3in HD 1280 x 720 pixels low contrast or some 1600x900 - 2 DDR3 sodimm slots - 2.84 kg 6.26 lbs -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Samsung-305U1A-A01DE-Subnotebook.68246.0.html Series 3 Samsung 305u1a] || <!--Chipset-->AMD Zacate E350 or E450 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon 6320 || <!--Audio-->ALC ACL 269 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111 8169 || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom 4313 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->NP-RV415 NP-RV515 || <!--Chipset-->E350 or E450 plus A50M chipset || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon HD 6470 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|RTL8169 Realtek RTL8111 8168B}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit slow -
|-
| <!--Name-->Series 5 NP535U3C || <!--Chipset-->A6-4455M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in || <!--Gfx-->radeon || <!--Audio-->HDAudio || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit slow - 13.3in 1368 x 768 - plastic build - 65w 19v psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->series 3 NP355V5C || <!--Chipset-->A6-4400M, A8-4500M, A10-4600M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in || <!--Gfx-->7640M || <!--Audio-->HDAudio || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit - 15.4in 1368 x 768 - plastic build - 65w 19v psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Samsung ATIV Book 9 Lite NP905S3G || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-1450 quad 1GHz Temash atom like || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->128gb || <!--Gfx-->AMD 8250 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek rtl8169 but only with mini LAN AA-AE2N12B Ethernet Adapter RJ45 dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9565}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 13.3 TN glossy 1366 x 768 200nits 60% srgb - plastic case - 26W battery built in with 4hr life - 19V 2.1A 3.0*1.0mm psu - 1 ddr3l slot max 4gb - 720p webcam - mini hdmi out - 1w speakers -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Toshiba====
[[#top|...to the top]]
Order of Build Quality (Lowest to highest)
<pre >
Equium
Satellite (Pro)
Libretto
Portege
Tecra
</pre >
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| Tecra 8100 8200 9000 || 440BX || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|S3 Savage MX 3D (VESA only)}} || {{no|Yamaha DS-XG ymf744 ymf-754}} || {{yes|USB1.1 only}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.5 || little support
|-
| <!--Name-->Tecra 9100 || <!--Chipset-->810 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|S3 Savage IX}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|ymf754}} || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->eeee pro100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->PSU Adapter For Toshiba Tecra 9000 9100 A1 A10 A11 A3 A3X A4 A5 A7 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M7 M9 R10 S1 series 75 Watt 15V 5A
|-
| [http://tuxmobil.org/toshiba_sp4600.html Satellite Pro 4600] || i810 || IDE || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Trident Cyber Blade XP (VESA only)}} || {{no|YAMAHA DS-XG AC97 ymf754}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel e100}} || {{no|Agere (internal PCMCIA)}} || || little support
|-
| Satellite 2805 S603 || Intel 815 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|nVidia GeForce2 Go}} || {{no|Yamaha Corp YMF 754}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO/100}} || {{dunno}} || || little support
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite A10 S167 S1291 - A15 A20 A25 || <!--Chipset-->P4M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GM or Radeon || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139 || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel 2100, Agere or Atheros PA3399U 1MPC minipci}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->a few models came with antenna leads
|-
| Satellite [http://eu.computers.toshiba-europe.com/innovation/jsp/SUPPORTSECTION/discontinuedProductPage.do?service=EU&com.broadvision.session.new=Yes&PRODUCT_ID=76230 A30-714] || P4-M / 82845 i845 || {{yes|82801}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|RTL8139}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || nice laptop, drawbacks: heavy, really hot (P4-3.06 GHz!!) - A30 (EU) A33 (Australian) A35 (USA) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite A40 A45 || <!--Chipset-->P4M or Celeron M with Intel 845 865 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || <!--Audio-->AC97 Realtek || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini pci || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - A40 S161 A40-S1611 A40-2701, A45-S120 A45-S1201 S130 S1301 S1501 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite a50 A55 a60-s156 Equium A60 PSA67E A65 || <!--Chipset-->P4M or Celeron M with Intel 845 865 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || <!--Audio-->AC97 Realtek || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini-pci || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite A70 A75-S206 A80 A85-S107 || <!--Chipset-->P4M or Celeron-M with Intel 845 865 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || <!--Audio-->AC97 Realtek || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini-pci || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5.1 || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit -
|-
| Toshiba Satellite Pro M30 || intel 855 || {{yes|boots with ATA=nodma option}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{yes|Intel PRO/100 VE}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.5 || nice laptop with some support
|-
| <!--Name-->Portege M300 - M200 tablet || <!--Chipset-->855GM with 1.2GHz Pentium M 753 || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d only - tablet with nvidia 5200 go}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 STAC 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->little support
|-
| <!--Name-->Tecra M2 M2-S || <!--Chipset-->Intel 855P Pentium-M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->nvidia fx go5200 32mb or 64mb agp || <!--Audio-->AC97 1981B || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Intel Pro || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - PSU 15V 5A -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite Pro L20 267 (PSL2YE PSL2XE) PSL25E L30 || <!--Chipset-->Celeron M 370 1.4 1.5GHz, 1.73Ghz with RC410M SB400 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - Ati x200}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|[https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-490297-start-0.html ALC861]}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Boots usb sticks}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8139 Realtek 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros mini-pci should work maybe not working with ATi chipset or need to swap??}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit 14" pioneer dvd-rw - 19v
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite L30 PSL30E L33 PSL33E || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 800 or ATi RC410 x200 || <!--Audio-->AC97 AD1981B or HD Audio ALC861 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros or Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->L30 PSL30L 101 PSL33E 113 115 134 00M019 -
|-
| Satellite Pro M40 313 psm44e || AMD with Ati || {{yes|boots with ATA=nodma}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{yes|}} || {{maybe|atheros askey ar5bmb5 mini pci}} || || 2005 32bit - nice laptop with some support
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite L40 PSL40E PSL40L, PSL43E || <!--Chipset-->945GM with U7700 1.3GHz ULV || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 945 || <!--Audio-->{{No|Intel HD with AD1986A codec}} || <!--USB-->2 USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR24xx Askey || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0.3 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit only - - 12X 13G 139 14B 143 15J 19O -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite L45 PSL40U S7409 S2416 || <!--Chipset-->945GM with Celeron M 440 1.86 GHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 945 || <!--Audio-->{{No|Intel HD with AD1986A codec}} || <!--USB-->2 USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR24xx Askey || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0.3 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit only -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite Pro A100 || <!--Chipset-->940G || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia G72M Quadro NVS 110M GeForce Go 7300 / Ati (PSAA3E)|| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC861 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 100 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 swap with atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite A110 159 (PSAB0), Equium A110 (PSAB2E), Satellite A110 233 (PSAB6), || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->ALC861 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8136 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite Pro A120 PSAC0 PSAC1 PSAC1E || <!--Chipset-->Core Solo GMA 950 to T2300 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 945 || <!--Audio-->ALC262 or AC97 AD1981B || <!--USB-->UHCI EHCI || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros Ar5001 or Intel or Broadcom || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->15V 4A charger -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite Pro A120 || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo ATi RS480 + SB450 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA - ATI RC410 Radeon Xpress 200M || <!--Audio-->ALC262 || <!--USB-->OCHI UHCI || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 or Atheros Ar5001 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->15v 5a proprietary charger needed
|-
| <!--Name-->Satelite A130 PSAD6U || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8101E || <!--Wireless-->Atheros or Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->ST1311 s1311 ST1312 S2276 S2386 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite A135 S2686 (Compal LA 3391P) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8101E || <!--Wireless-->Atheros or Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->S2246 S2346 S2256 S4477 S4666 S4827 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite A200 PSAE1E (Inventec MW10M) || <!--Chipset-->Pentium M with 945GM Express Celeron M 520 1.6Ghz or Pentium® Core Duo T2130 1.86 GHz || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}|| <!--SATA--> {{Maybe|SATA}}|| <!--Gfx--> {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D)}}|| <!--Audio--> {{Yes|HD Audio ALC862}}|| <!--USB--> {{Yes| }}|| <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|RTL8101E rtl8139}}|| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros 5000 - FN,F5 or FN,F8 or switch}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 AspireOS 1.8 || <!--Comments-->2006 Excellent 32 bit support! - make sure that your WLAN card is enabled, do this using the hardware switch and FN+F8 key combination
|-
| <!--Name--> A210, Satellite A215 AMD (Inventec 10A) S5808 || <!--Chipset--> Ati with SB690 || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}|| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|SATA}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA HD2600 Mobility M76}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC268 || <!--USB--> {{Yes| }}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8101E}}|| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros 5000}}|| <!--Test Distro-->2018 AspireOS 1.8 || <!--Comments-->A215-S7422 A215-S7472 A215-S4697 (USA) -
|-
| <!--Name--> [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=62036 A215 S4757] || <!--Chipset--> Ati X1200 with SB600 || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}|| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|SATA}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> {{Yes| }}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8101E}}|| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros 5000}}|| <!--Test Distro-->2017 AspireOS 1.8 || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Qosmio G30 (PQG31C-HD202E) || <!--Chipset-->945 with Duo T2500 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Nouveau Nvidia Go 7600 2d and 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - 17" UXGA 1920x1200,
|-
| <!--Name-->Tecra A10 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{Maybe|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|Intel GMA 4500M (2D)}} || <!--Audio--> {{Yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO 1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel WiFi Link 5100}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->64 bit possible
|-
| <!--Name-->L35 - L40 PSL48E - L45 S7423 || <!--Chipset-->GL960 with Intel Celeron || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|X3100 some 2D but software 3d tunnel 9 gearbox 4}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC660 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|REALTEK 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 8187b replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->1,73Ghz M 520 or M 540 or Dual T2310 (1.46 GHz) T2330 (1.6 GHz) - 14H 14N 15B 17H 17K 17R 17S 18Z -
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite a300 - inventec potomac 10s pt10s A300D 21H || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3650 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio - Realtek || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8102E || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5005 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->satellite L300D-224 PSLC8E PSLC9E, l305 (inventec ps10s) || <!--Chipset-->AMD M780 with Turion RM70 or QL-64 || <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}} || <!--SATA--> {{yes|SATA}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|use VESA for Radeon 3100}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC268}} || <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet--> {{no|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Atheros G XB63L or Intel or Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros Desktop Live 2.3 AROS One 2.3 || <!--Comments--> Wireless-handler crashing when using Atheros-Wireless-Card
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite P300 (PSPC0C-01D01C) || <!--Chipset-->945GM with Intel Core 2 Duo T5750 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Audio-->{{No| codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| swap with Atheros 5k }} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 64bit || <!--Comments-->2007
|-
| <!--Name-->satellite l300-1bw PSLBDE-005005AR, L300-148 PSLB0E, l300-20D PSLB8E-06Q007EN, l300-294 L300-23L PSLB9E || <!--Chipset-->Intel GM45 + PGA478 socket Celeron 900, Pentium T1600, T2390, T3400 (Socket P) to Core2 Duo T6400 T6670 || <!--IDE--> {{unk|IDE}} || <!--SATA--> {{unk|SATA}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|use VESA for Intel gma 4500M}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC???}} || <!--USB--> {{unk|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet--> {{unk|rtl8169 Realtek 810xE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel or Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64-bit - new unfamiliar Bios called insyde H20 -
|-
| <!--Name-->satellite l350d || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon (tm) X2 QL-60 + RS780M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 3100 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->Realtek 8187b || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite L450 12 13 14 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Sempron, 2.1GHz with AMD RS780M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 3200 (based on HD 2400) || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E || <!--Wireless-->Realtek 8172 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 12X 13P 13X 14V PSLY6E00C006EN
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite Pro L450 (Compal LA-5821P) 179 || <!--Chipset-->intel celeron 900 2.20 Ghz no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->intel 4500m || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL8101 /2 /6E PCI Express Gigabit || <!--Wireless-->RTL8191 SEvB || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 39.6cm (15.6”) Toshiba TruBrite® HD TFT 16:9 768p
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Toshiba Satellite P775, P775-S7320 and P775-10K || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5 (2nd Gen) 2430M i7-2630QM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2D for Intel}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 17.3" - 1600 x 900 (HD+) - 2 DDR3 sodimm max 16Gb -
|-
|<!--Name-->Toshiba Satellite C660D-19X || <!--Chipset-->AMD E-300 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for ATi}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio with Realtek codec}} || <!--USB-->{{no| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|r8169 rtl8101e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8188 8192ce rtl8192ce}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->L755D (E-350) L750D (E-450) || <!--Chipset-->AMD E350 E450 no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 6310 6320 || <!--Audio-->HDAudio conexant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Realtek || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Satellite Pro SP C640 C660D-15X (PSC1YE) C670D- () || <!--Chipset-->AMD E350 no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->6310G || <!--Audio-->HD Realtek ALC259 || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->C70D-A C75D-A || <!--Chipset-->E1-1200 no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|AMD HD8330}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HA Audio CX20751 11Z}} || <!--USB-->{{no| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8162 alx}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek 8188e}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
|}
====Misc====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Time 500 Packard Bell EasyOne 1450 1550 || <!--Chipset-->K6-3 500Mhz + VIA MVP4 vt82c686a || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|Issues}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA || <!--Audio-->{{No|VIA AC97 3058 with wolfson codec WM9703 WM9704 WM9707 WM9708 or WM9717}} || <!--USB-->via 3038 2 ports USB 1.1 untested || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro-->NB May 2013 || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit grub runs but stalls around [PCI] Everything OK
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Sony Vaio PCG FX201/FX202 FX210/FX215 FX401/FX402 FX404/FX405 972M, FX501/FX502 FX504/FX505 || <!--Chipset-->VIA KT133A KM133 Duron 800Mhz Athlon 1.3Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{partial|boot issue with 2013 kernel VIA [rev 06]}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI Rage Mobility Pro (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|VIA AC97 686b [rev 50] AD1881A Ear phone and Mic}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|issues}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Comments-->Nightly 1st March 2013 || <!--Comments-->booting usb pendrive from Plop Boot Loader floppy (no bios USB boot). Can freeze coz hardware issue or a ram slot problem - no support for iLink firewire VT8363/8365 pci - vt82c686b
|-
| <!--Name-->Sony Vaio PCG FX601/FX602, FX604/FX605 FXA53(US), FX701/FX702, FX704/FX705, FX801/FX802 FX804/FX805 || <!--Chipset-->VIA KT133A KM133 Duron 800Mhz Athlon 1.3Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{partial|boot issue with 2013 kernel VIA [rev 06]}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI Rage Mobility Pro (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|VIA AC97 686b [rev 50] AD1881A Ear phone and Mic}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|issues}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Comments-->Nightly 1st March 2013 || <!--Comments-->booting usb pendrive somes works
|-
| <!--Name-->Sony Vaio PCG FX100 R505LE || <!--Chipset-->Intel i815 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA Intel 82815 CGC || <!--Audio-->Intel ICH AC97 with ADI AD1881A codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel e100 || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->PCG-FX105 FX105K PCG-FX108 FX108K PCG-FX109 FX109K FX200 FX203/FX203K FX205 FX205K FX209 FX209K FX220 [http://juljas.net/linux/vaiofx240/ FX240] FX250 FX270 FX290 FX301 FX302 FX340 FX370 FX390 FX403 FX503 FX950
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| Sony VAIO VGN X505VP || Pentium M ULV and Intel 855GM || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Intel 855 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || {{N/A}} || || 2004 32bit - 0.38 inches at its thinnest point - first laptop to feature a "chiclet" keyboard resemble Chiclets gum -
|-
| <!--Name-->Sony Z505LE Z505JE || <!--Chipset-->P3 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->n/a || <!--Gfx-->Rage Mobility M1 AGP mach64 || <!--Audio-->no Yamaha DS-XG PCI YMF744 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 8255x based PCI e100 || <!--Wireless-->n/a || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughbook CF-18 || <!--Chipset-->Core || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|gma for i915}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 SigmaTel}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|usb2 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL 8139C}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel swap for atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' D02 test || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughbook CF-29 CF-30 || <!--Chipset-->Core || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA || <!--Audio-->AC97 SigmaTel || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139C || <!--Wireless-->Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI Microstar PR210 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA ATi RS690M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio through speaker / head phones but not hdmi}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8111 8169}} || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR242x AR542x aw-ge780 mini pci-e || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - ENE PCI based SD card with no bios boot option
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Advent 7106 EAA-88 || <!--Chipset-->Pentium M 1.7GHz with 915GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D and 3D tunnel 187 gearbox 67}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 Intel ICH6 with Conexant Cx20468 31 codec playback head phones only}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200BG Fn/F2 replaced with atheros mini pci in small base panel - startup errors in wireless manager}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 14" cheap rubbish sadly - fan noise through audio channel -
|-
| <!--Name-->Motion Computing LE1600 PC Slate || <!--Chipset-->915 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->915 || <!--Audio-->Intel AC97 SigmaTel STAC9758 9759 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8169 || <!--Wireless-->Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 serial Wacom digitiser not usb
|-
| <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughbook CF-51 CF-P1 CF-T5 CF-Y2 || <!--Chipset-->945GMS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom || <!--Wireless-->Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Sony Vaio VGN-AR11S || <!--Chipset-->ntel Core Duo T2500 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes| Nvidia Go 7600}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 32bit || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - 17" 1920x1200 - blu-ray -
|-
| Sony Vaio VGN SR29VN || Intel ICH9 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy}} || {{partial|ATI HD 3400 (VESA only)}} || {{partial|HD Audio (too quiet)}} || {{yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} || {{no|Marvell 8040}} || {{no|Intel 5100}} || Icaros 1.5 || 2007 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Wyse XM Class DELL WYSE Xn0m LAPTOP || <!--Chipset-->AMD T-G56N 1.6 1.65Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA-->decased 2.5in ssd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d only AMD 6320}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|EHCI 2.0 with NEC uPD720200 USB 3.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek rtl8169 8111E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 93xx}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 1366 x 768 14" - 2 ddr3l slots max 16gb - 19v coax barrel plug psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK2 || <!--Chipset-->Core i5-3437U, 1.9GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->ToughPad FZ-G1 Mk3 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5-4310U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel HD 4400 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio Codec ALC255 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://wiki.recessim.com/view/Panasonic_Toughpad_FZ-G1_MK4 Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK4] || <!--Chipset-->intel 6300U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel 520 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC256 codec - o/c or s/c fails early || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 but options on the right hand side of screen case}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|intel ac 8260}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 10.1in 1600x1200 - 4gb ddr3l soldered - waterproof pen left hand side base - optional slot-in 4g lte and sdhc - 16v 4.06A 64.96W panasonic barrel -
|-
| <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK5 || <!--Chipset-->intel i5-7300U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel 620 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio ALC295 codec - o/c or s/c fails early || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 but optional usb2 plugin r.h.s. of screen casing}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 8gb ddr3l soldered - 10.1" WUXGA 1920 x 1200 with LED backlighting screen 2-800 nit - 10-point capacitive multi touch + Waterproof Digitizer pen l.h.s -
|-
| <!--Name-->ToughPad FZ-M1 || <!--Chipset-->Intel® Core TM m5-6Y57 vPro TM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel HD 4200 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC codec || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 7in 800p - 8gb ddr3l soldered -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
===Netbook===
[[#top|...to the top]]
* PC to write Aros image onto an USB pendrive with Raspberry PI writer, USB writer or Rufus for boot purposes on a netbook
* SD card sometimes can boot like Dell 2100, EeePC 1001P, ASUS EeePC 900, acer aspire one d150, MSI Wind U100,
====Acer Packard Bell Netbooks====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| Aspire One AOA110 (A110) (ZG5) || Intel 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D and 3D) tunnel 99 and gearbox 84 score}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || {{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} || {{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8101E}} || {{Yes|AR5006}} atheros 5k || 2016 AspireOS 1.8, 2025 Aros One 2.6 32bit USB || 2007 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel A13-045N2A 19V2.37A 45W 5.5x1.7mm -
|-
| Aspire One AOA150 (A150) (ZG5) || Intel 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and accelerated 3D with tunnel 99 and gearbox 84.1 result}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || {{Yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8101E}} || {{Yes|AR5006}} atheros 5k || 2016 AspireOS 1.8, 2025 aros one 2.6 32bit USB || 2007 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel -
|-
| Aspire One AOD150 D150 (Compal LA-4781P), AOD110 D110 (ssd) || Intel 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide legacy}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HDAudio with alc272}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{No|Atheros AR8121 AR8113 AR8114 l1e}} || {{Maybe|AR5007EG AR5BXB63 works but Broadcom BCM4312 has no support}} || 2010 Icaros Desktop 1.3, 2024 Aros one 32bit USB || 2008 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel -
|-
| Aspire One (ZG8) || Intel 945G and N270 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and accelerated 3D}} || {{maybe|HD Audio }} || {{Yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{No|Broadcom }} || {{no|Intel}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.8 || 2009 32bit -
|-
| Aspire One AOD250 D250 emachines em250 || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide legacy}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{Yes|alc272 HD Audio}} || {{Yes}} || {{No|AR8132 (L1c)}} || {{No|BCM4312 or Atheros AR5B95}} || 2010 Icaros 1.3 || 2009 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire AO532H (Compal LA-5651p) 533H Pineview || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio playback}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|AR8132 (L1c)}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 9k}} || [http://www.amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=5968 Tested AspireOS June 2011] || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->emachines eM350 NAV51 || <!--Chipset--> with N450 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 3150 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2 || <!--Comments-->Single core 64bit - 160GB HDD 1GB RAM 10.1" LED backlit screen and Webcam - 3 cell li-ion battery for 3 hours usage -
|-
| <!--Name-->emachines eM355 || <!--Chipset--> with N455 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->64bit support possible -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire One 533 || <!--Chipset-->N455 with NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D 0x8086 0xa011}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| ALC272 codec ich7}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8152 v1.1 1c}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom 4313}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 and AROS One 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - f2 setup - 10.1inch 1024 x 768 -
|-
| Aspire One AOD255 AOD255e AOD260 AOHAPPY (Compal LA-6221P) || N570 and Nm10 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|SATA}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 3150}} || Audio || USB || {{No|Atheros AR8152 V1.1 (1lc)}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313}} || || a little support
|-
| Aspire One 522 AO522 (Compal LA-7072p) || 1GHz dual C-50 C50 or C-60 C60 + Hudson M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || AMD 6250 (ATI 9804) or 6290 || ATI SB CX20584 HD Audio || USB || Atheros 8152 v2.0 l1c || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313 or Atheros ath9k}} || ||
|-
| <!--Name-->AAOD270 Aspire One D270 || <!--Chipset-->N2600 Cedarview || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D on Intel GMA 3650}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8169 RTL8101E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4313 but swap for Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit atom - ddr2 so-dimm 2gb max -
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire One AO532G (Compal LA-6091p) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire One D257 (Quanta ZE6) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire One 722 AO722 P1VE6 || <!--Chipset-->AMD C-60 C60 with SB900 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| use VESA Ati 6290}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec but no Wrestler HDMI output}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros AR8152 v2.0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Aspire One AO721 (Wistron SJV10-NL) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->AO751 AO751H (Quanta ZA3) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot .S || <!--Chipset-->N280 + || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|legacy}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}}|| <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC272X || <!--USB--> USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Atheros l1e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Atheros 9k}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot .SE || <!--Chipset-->N450 + || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA950 (2D) || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC|| <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot .S2 NAV50 || <!--Chipset-->N455 NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel X3150 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC269 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Atheros || <!--Wireless-->Atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot M/A || <!--Chipset-->1.2GHz Athlon L110 + RS690E || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy mode? || <!--Gfx-->AMD ATI Radeon Xpress X1270 (VESA only) || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ATI SBx00 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E rtl8169 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Asus Netbooks====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 700 701 2G 4G 8G Surf || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 900 2D and 3D tunnel 68 gearbox 43 on 701 800x480}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{Yes|Atheros 5k AR5007EG (AR2425 works}} || 2016 Icaros 2.1.1, 2.1.2, Aros One 2.5 32bit USB, || 2007 32bit - power supplies fail due to bad caps issue 9.5V 2.5A 24W Charger AD59930 4.8*1.7MM -
|-
| [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 701SD || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 900 (2D)}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{No|RTL8187SE swap with Atheros 5k}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.7, || 2007 32bit - boot issues but does boot with ATA=32bit,nopoll or ATA=nodma,nopoll
|-
| [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 900 || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 900 (2D, 3D in some models)}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{Maybe|depends on chipset AR5007EG (AR2425) works but not RaLink}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.7, || 2008 32bit - boot issues but does boot with ATA=32bit,nopoll or ATA=nodma,nopoll. 900's may need BIOS upgrade to boot usb optical drives. 3D available in some model revisions - AD59230 9.5v 2.31a psu -
|-
| eeePC 900A || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (3D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{Yes|USB2.0}} || {{No|Atheros L1e [1969 1026]}} || {{Yes|Atheros 5k AR242x}} || Nightly Build 2012, 2023 Aros One 32bit 2.4 || 2009 32bit
|-
| eeePC 901 1000 || 945GM || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|ALC269 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{No|Atheros L1E (AR8121 AR8113 AR8114)}} || {{No|RaLink Device 2860 swap with Atheros 5k}} || 2011 Icaros 1.4, || 2009 32bit - 12v 3a psu -
|-
| eeePC Seashell 1000HA 1000HE 1008 1005HA || N280 + Intel GMA950 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{Maybe|Realtek but not Atheros AR8132 (L1c)}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || 2014 Aspire OS 1.6, || 2010 32bit - 12v 3a psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->eeePC 1001ha || <!--Chipset-->GMA945 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 950 (2D) || <!--Audio-->ALC269 HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Attansic Atheros AR8132 l1c}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RaLink RT3090 swap with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2010 32bit
|-
| eeePC 1001P T101MT 1005PX 1005PE 1015PE Pineview 1001PXD || NM10 and N450 N455 CPU || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio}} || {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || {{No|Atheros AR8132 (l1c)}} || {{unk|Atheros AR928x 802.11n}} || 2010 Icaros 1.3.3, || 2011 64bit - 19V 2.1A 2.3x0.7 -
|-
| EeePC 1015B 1215B || single C-30 C30 or dual C-50 C50 + Hudson M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{partial|AMD 6250 (VESA only)}} || ATI SBx00 HD Audio || USB || {{No|AR8152 v2.0 atl1c}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313 [14e4 4727]}} || untested recently || 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Flare X101CH Cedarview || <!--Chipset-->N2600 + N10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 6300 || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros l1c 2.0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Flare 1025CE 1225CE || <!--Chipset-->N2800 + N10 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{dunno|Intel GMA 3600}} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros l1c 2.0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Dell Netbooks====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| Inspiron 910 Mini 9 PP39S Vostro A90 || GMA945 || {{Maybe|STEC 8G 16G 32G IDE PATA Parallel ATA miniPCIE SSD 50MM / 70MM very slow}} || {{N/A| }} || {{yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D opengl1}} || {{yes|ALC268 HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB2 boots and works}} || {{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8102E}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4310 and 4312 swap with atheros 5k bx32}} || ICAROS 1.3 but Icaros 2.3 (pci issues), AROS One 2.6 and Tiny AROS (digiclock startup) mouse cursor vanishes || 2008 32bit - 9inch 1024x600 screen - 1 ddr2 sodimm slot max 2gig - 19v 1.58a - 0 boot disk select - cr2032 battery under laptop base cover, while mem 2GB max under base flap -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron Mini 10 1010 PP19S || <!--Chipset-->Atom Z520 Z530 Intel US15W Poulsbo || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel GMA 500 (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio ALC269 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel or BCM4312}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - 10.10 inch 16:9, 1366 x 768 glossy - 28whr or 56wHr battery options -
|-
| [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport/Machines/Netbooks#Dell%20Mini%2010v%20(Inspiron%201011) Mini 10v 1011] [http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Dell/InspironMini10v ] || Intel 950 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|ide legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|HDAudio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL8102E 8103E}} || {{no|Dell 1397 Wireless}} || untested || 2008 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Inspiron Mini 1018 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Atom N455 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{partial|IDE mode }} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D, no VGA output)}} || <!--Audio-->{{partial|HD Audio head phones only - speaker and micro phone do not work}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|RTL8188CE or AR928X}} || <!--Test Distro-->2011 Icaros 1.5.1, || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 1 DDR3 max 2gb -
|-
| Latitude 2100 || Intel Atom N270 N280 1.60Ghz GMA 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|set to IDE in bios as ahci not working || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D with tunnel 98 and gearbox 84)}} || {{yes|HD Audio with ALC272 codec}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM5764M}} || {{No|Intel 5100 or BCM4322 DW 1510 half height mini pcie use small Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 AspireOS 1.8, Icaros 2.1.1 and AROS One USB 2.4 || 2009 32bit ddr2 sodimm max 2G - [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/about-aspire-one Webcam and card reader not working] lcd cable over hinge an issue - f12 bios and boot -
|-
| <!--Name-->Latitude 2110 2120 || <!--Chipset-->N470 1.83Ghz, N455 1.6Ghz, N550 1.5Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|ATA mode in bios not ahci}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 3150 2D only}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with ALC269 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| swap for Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro-->2014 Icaros 2.3, || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - ddr2 sodimm
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====HP Compaq Netbooks====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| HP Mini 2133 || VIA C7-M P4M900 / 8237 VX700 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{maybe|VIA Chrome 9 HC (VESA only)}} || {{no|VT1708/A HD Audio}} || USB || {{no|Broadcom Corp NetXtreme BCM5788}} || {{no|Broadcom Corp BCM4312}} || untested || 2008 32bit -
|-
| HP mini 1000 Mi 2140 ks145ut || N270 + 945GM || {{N/A}} || SATA || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and opengl1 3d)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio (playback tested)}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{no|Broadcom Corp BCM4312 hard blocked}} || untested || 2009 32Bit - unable to change wifi card
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Mini 700 702 || <!--Chipset-->N270 + 945GSE || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio IDT 92HD75B (111d:7608, only playback tested)}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom hard locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit -
|-
| Compaq HP Mini 110 110-3112sa || 945GM Express || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio IDT STAC 92xx}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{no|Atheros}} || {{no|Broadcom hard blocked Fn+F12}} || untested || 2009 32bit - unable to change wifi
|-
| HP Mini 200 210 || 945GM NM10 Express || {{N/A}} || SATA || Intel GMA 950 || {{Maybe|HDAudio with }} || USB || RTL8101E RTL8102E || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard locked}} || untested || 2009 32bit -
|-
| HP Mini 311 DM1 (Quanta FP7) || N280 + ION LE || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia Geforce ION || {{maybe|HDAudio with }} || USB || eth || {{No|hard locked}} || untested || 2009 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|}
====Lenovo Netbooks====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| IdeaPad S9 S9e(3G) S10 S10e(3G) || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|ALC269 or SigmaTel HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Broadcom NetLink BCM5906M}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || untested || 2009 32bit -
|-
| IdeaPad S12 || Intel Atom N270 + Nvidia ION LE MCP79 || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia C79 ION [Quadro FX 470M] || {{maybe|ALC269 HD Audio}} || USB || {{no|Broadcom}} || {{no|Intel locked down}} || 2012 Icaros 2.0, || 2009 32bit - does not boot - cause unknown
|-
| S10-2 || 945GME and N280 CPU || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|ALC269 HD Audio}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3, || 2009 32bit -
|-
| S10-3 || NM410 and N450 CPU || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || {{maybe|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|Atheros 9285 or Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3, || 2009 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Samsung Netbooks====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| [http://www.amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=616910&topic_id=33755&forum=28#616910 NC10] || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{partial|SigmaTel HD Audio (playback only)}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{maybe|rtl8169 works but not Marvell 88E8040 sky2}} || {{yes|AR5007EG}} || 2011 Icaros 1.4, || 2009 32bit - Nano silver on keyboard and lcd ribbon cable over hinge issues
|-
| [http://www.sammywiki.com/wiki/Samsung_NC20 NC20] || VIA VX800 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{maybe|VIA Chrome9 (VESA only)}} || ALC272 GR (VT1708A) HD Audio || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{yes|Atheros AR5001}} || untested || 2009 32bit -
|-
| NP-N110 NP-N120 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{yes|ALC272 HD Audio or ALC6628}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{no|Realtek rtl8187}} || untested || 2009 32bit - Namuga 1.3M Webcam none
|-
| NP-N130 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{yes|SATA in IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 2D and opengl 1.x 99.5 tunnel 99 gearbox}} || {{yes|Intel HD with ALC272 ALC269 codec playback}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL 8169.device - 8101e 8102e}} || {{no|rtl 8192se rtl8187 too small an area to swap for atheros 5k}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 10.x inch 1024 x 600 - Namuga 1.3M Webcam - front slide power on and f2 setup bios - keyboard 17.7mm Pitch is made with Silver Nano (Anti-Bacterial) tech - small touchpad - 1 ddr2 2rx16 sodimm slot 2G max - 44Wh
|-
| <!--Name-->Go NP-N310 || <!--Chipset-->N270 + 945GME || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|Atheros5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2010 32bit - N280 version changed specs
|-
| NP-N510 || N270 euro N280 uk + ION MCP79 || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia C79 ION [Quadro FX 470M] || HD Audio || USB || Marvell 88E8040 || Realtek 8192E || untested || 2010 32bit - does not boot - cause unknown
|-
| NP-N145 Plus || n450 + NM10 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D, no VGA output)}} || {{yes|Realtek HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || untested || 2010 some support but often the trackpad does not work
|-
| <!--Name-->NC110 Axx || <!--Chipset-->NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->Sata || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC269 codec A9M22Q2 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4313 or Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit -
|-
| NF210 Pineview || n455 or n550 + N10 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{maybe|Intel GMA 3150 (needs retesting, VESA works)}} || {{yes|HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || Wireless || untested || 2011 64bit - some support
|-
| <!--Name-->NS310 NP-NS310-A03UK || <!--Chipset-->N570 with NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use Vesa 2d }} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| ich7}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 realtek 810xe }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|bcm4313 }} || <!--Test Distro-->2022 AROS One 2.3, || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit Atom N570 or 1.5 GHz Intel Atom N550 dual core processor, 1 DDR3 sodimm slot memory, a 250GB hard drive, and a 10.1 inch, 1024 x 600 pixel 10.1" W7St - 2300mAh short life -
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Samsung_N150 N150] NB30 || <!--Chipset-->MN10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8040}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285 or Realtek 8192E}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2011 a little support
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.kruedewagen.de/wiki/index.php/Samsung_N220 N210 N220] N230 || <!--Chipset-->N450 + NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC269 || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit no sse4.1 or avx -
|-
| <!--Name-->NC110 Pxx Cedarview || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{dunno|Intel GMA 3600}} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6000g}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
|}
====Toshiba Netbooks====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->NB100 || <!--Chipset-->945GM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|legacy}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC262 HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|AR5001}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Mini NB200 series NB205 || <!--Chipset-->N280 + GSE945 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->ALC272 HD Audio || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{maybe|AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2009 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Mini 300 series NB305 || <!--Chipset-->N455 with NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 3150 (2D) || <!--Audio-->ALC272 HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{maybe|AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Mini 500 series NB505 NB520 NB550-10v || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 3150 (2D) || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek 8176 RTL 8188CE}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit -
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Toshiba-NB550D-AMD-Fusion-Netbook.46551.0.html Mini NB550D 10G] 108 (c30) 109 (c50) || C-50 + M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || AMD 6250 (VESA only) || HD Audio || USB || {{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111e}} || {{maybe|Atheros 9k}} || untested || 2011 64bit Realtek SD card reader
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Misc Netbooks====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="10%" |Wireless
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="30%" |Comments
|-
| Cammy's A1600 || GME945 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio playback}} || {{yes}} || {{no|JMC 250/260}} || Wireless || 2010 Icaros 1.2.4, || 2009 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Fujitsu Siemens Amilo Mini Ui 3520 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 945 || <!--ACPI--> || <!--SATA-->{{yes}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->ALC269 HD Audio || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|AR5001}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit -
|-
| Guillemot Hercules eCafe EC-900 H60G-IA], Mitac MiStation and Pioneer Computers Dreambook Light U11 IL1 || Intel 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio (playback only)}} || {{yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|RAlink RT2860}} || untested || 2009 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Hannspree Hannsnote SN10E2 24 48 || <!--Chipset-->N450 + NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->IDE legacy mode || <!--Gfx-->Pineview Intel (2D) || <!--Audio-->ALC HD Audio || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->Atheros l1c || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2009 32bit -
|-
| MSI Wind U90/U100 || GME945 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{partial|HD Audio ALC888s (playback only?)}} || {{yes|uhci 1.1 and ehci 2.0}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|RaLink RT2860 RT2700E or rtl8187se (u100x)}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3, || 2009 32bit -
|-
| Advent 4211 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || Intel GMA950 (2D) || ALC HD Audio || USB || rtl8169 || {{no|Intel 3945 ABG}} || untested || 2009 32bit - MSI U100 clone
|-
| <!--Name-->Hannspree Hannsnote SN10E1 || <!--Chipset-->N270 + GMA945 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->ALC HD Audio || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E RTL8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|RaLink RT2860}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit MSI U100 clone
|-
| <!--Name--> Vaio VGN-P11Z
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--IDE--> {{dunno}}
| <!--SATA--> {{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{Partial|Intel (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{no|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Marvell}}
| <!--Wireless--> {{unk|Atheros AR928X}}
| <!--Test Distro-->2012 Icaros 2.0.3
| <!--Comments-->2008 32bit Rarely boots!
|-
| <!--Name-->Sony VPC-W11S1E
| <!--Chipset-->N280 with 945GSE
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA950 - hdmi}}
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with realtek codec
| <!--USB-->3 USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8132}}
| <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}}
| <!--Test Distro-->untested
| <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - 10.1" 1366 x 768 glossy - 3hr battery life -
|-
| <!--Name-->Archos 10 Netbook || <!--Chipset-->Atom with ICH7 NM10 945GSE || <!--IDE-->{{No }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC662 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2008 32bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI Wind U135 DX MS-N014 || <!--Chipset-->Intel N455 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D only accelerated}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ALC662 rev 1}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|RTL}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR 9K}} || <!--Test Distro-->2015 Icaros 2.1, || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - needs noacpi notls added to grub boot line to start up
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
===Desktop Systems===
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
| <!--OK-->{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || <!--May work-->{{Maybe|'''Works a little'''}} || <!--Not working-->{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || <!--Not applicable-->{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}}
|-
|}
====Acer====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://www.acer.com/ac/en/ID/content/support-product/486;-; Veriton X270 VTX270] Intel Core 2 Duo ED7400C or Pentium dual-core UD7600C with 630i
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d Nvidia 7100 VGA and HDMI connections}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| with realtek codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|4 rear and 5 front}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe| nForce}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 dvd
| <!--Comments-->2009 64bit capable but would not fully boot, DHCP address timeout too short and failed often. Put in a third party NIC, worked - 1 PCI Express x16 slot and a free PCI x1 slot - internal thin long psu with 12pin -
|-
| <!--Name--> Imedia S1710 with Intel Dual Core E5200
| <!--IDE--> {{Yes|SATA/AHCI}}
| <!--SATA--> {{Maybe|Native IDE}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{Yes|Nvidia nForce 7100}}
| <!--Audio--> {{Yes|Nvidia MCP73}}
| <!--USB--> {{Yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{No|NVIDIA MCP73 Ethernet}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 14-09-2023, AROS One 2.3
| <!--Comments--> 2009 64-bit - Boot over USB not working on front - 2 DDR2 dual channel max 8GB - DEL for entering Bios - F12 for boot menu - Bus weird, could be reason for Ethernet issue
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Revo AR1600, R1600 AR3600, R3600 Packard Bell iMax Mini, ACER Veriton N260G N270G slim nettop subcompact
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Native IDE mode, '''when it works''' boots}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Nvidia ION GeForce 9300M - nouveau 3d - '''when it boots''' 400 fps in shell'ed gearbox, 278 in tunnel, 42 in teapot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with alc662 codec but nothing from HDMI audio}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Nvidia USB boot usb2 stick issues and slower with usb3 drives}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|MCP79 nForce}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2009 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 Intel Atom 230 N280 - 20cm/8" high 1 ltr noisy fan - very often boot stuck around ehciInit - DEL setup F12 boot options - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - 19v special barrel size 5.5mm/1.7mm psu - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - atheros 5k AR5BXB63 wifi -
|-
| <!--Name-->Revo AR3610 R3610 3610 Atom 330 nettop subcompact dual core
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Native IDE mode, '''when it works''' boots}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Nvidia ION GeForce 9400M LE MCP79MX - nouveau 3d - '''when it boots''' 400 fps in shell'ed gearbox, 278 in tunnel, 42 in teapot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with Realtek alc662 rev1 alc662-hd later ALC885 codec but nothing from HDMI audio}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Nvidia USB with 1% chance boot with usb2 sticks, more issues with usb3 drives}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|RTL 8211CL MCP79 nForce}}
| <!--Test Distro-->{{no|AROS One 32bit 1.5, 1.6 and 2.4 usb and 64bit 1.2 USB}}
| <!--Comments-->2010 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 20cm/8" high 1 ltr noisy fan - boot often stuck at Kernel or around ehciInit, SATA, etc try ATA=off, non usb hub keyboard, - DEL bios setup, F12 BBS POPUP/drive boot - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - 19v barrel psu with smaller inner pin size 5.5mm/1.7mm - replace wifi RT3090 ver c (linux) with atheros 5k -
|-
| <!--Name-->Revo N281G
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA 2d for GMA 3100}}
| <!--Audio-->HD audio codec
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX and SSE 4.1 Atom D425 - 19v 65w barrel psu thinner inner pin - 2 DDR3L single channel max 4GB - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - 1lr or 1.5 ltr dvdrw case 209.89 mm, (D) 209.89 mm, (H) 35.35 mm - del enter bios -
|-
| <!--Name-->REVO AR3700 R3700 3700 Atom D525 dual core - ACER Veriton N282G
*one long beep followed by two short, bios damaged
*looping one long two short, a video card fault
*two short beeps... CMOS damaged
*got one long and one short beep... board error?
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE ready in Bios}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia ION2 GT218 ION vga fine '''but''' hdmi fussy over display used - nouveau 2d & 3d gearbox 404 tunnel 292 teapot 48}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDA Intel with Realtek ALC662 rev1 codec, head phones only but nothing from NVidia HDMI}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|Intel® NM10 Express (NM10 is basically an ICH7 with a die shrink and IDE removed) USB boots usb, installs usb, accesses ok}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111g}}
| <!--Test Distro-->AROS one 32bit USB 1.5 and 1.6 and ArosOne 64bit usb 1.2
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 20cm/8" high 1 ltr noisy fan - early 2 ddr2 sodimm slots but later 2 ddr3 sodimm slots 1Rx8 max 4GB - 19v barrel psu thinner pin - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - ACPI Suspend Mode = S1, S3 (STR), S4 - Power on PCIe
* Known Acer issue, Boot into bios, set bios to UEFI and reboot, set bios back to defaults and reboot, blank display, repair with reflash of 8 pin Winbond W25Q socketed bios chip with ch341a using 2011/09/19 P01.B0L, 2011/05/09 P01.A4, 2011/05/03 P01.A3L, 2010/12/27 P01.A2L, 2010/12/27 P01.A2 amiboot.rom -
|-
| <!--Name-->Revo 70 (RL70) with or without dvdrw
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->6320 or 6310
| <!--Audio-->HD audio ALC662-VCO-GR codec
| <!--USB-->USB2, 1.1 Hudson D1
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD E450 1.65GHz - 19v 65w barrel psu thinner inner pin - 2 DDR3L single channel max 4GB - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - 1lr or 1.5 ltr dvdrw case 209.89 mm, (D) 209.89 mm, (H) 35.35 mm - del enter bios -
|-
|}
====Asus====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->EEEbox B202
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA950
| <!--Audio-->Intel Azalia HDaudio with Realtek ALC662 or ALC888-GR CODEC
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111 or JM250
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros
| <!--Comments-->internal 3 types of wifi chipset not supported
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Dell====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> Precision 340
| <!--IDE--> {{yes}}
| <!--SATA--> {{n/a}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{n/a}}
| <!--Audio--> {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 1.1 (UHCI)}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|3Com}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Dimension 2400
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 82845GL Brookdale G/GE (VESA 640x480 by 16)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Unk|AC97 with ADI codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|UHCI EHCI}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom 440x 4401}}
| <!--Test Distro-->[http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?p=832495 Icaros 1.4]
| <!--Comments-->Graphics chipset is capable of higher resolution.
|-
| <!--Name-->Dimension 4600
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{dunno}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 (use rear black port)}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|UHCI/EHCI}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Intel PRO/100}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5.2
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> Optiplex 170L
| <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}}
| <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{no|Intel AC97}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|Intel PRO/100}}
| <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}}
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> Optiplex GX260
| <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}}
| <!--SATA--> {{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Intel PRO/1000}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| Optiplex GX270
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{partial|IDE mode}}
| {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| {{no|Intel PRO/1000}}
| Icaros 1.5.2
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| Optiplex GX280
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{partial|IDE mode}}
| {{maybe|Intel GMA (only VESA tested)}}
| {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| {{no|Broadcom}}
| Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> Optiplex GX520
| <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}}
| <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{yes|Intel GMA}}
| <!--Audio--> {{partial|Intel AC97 (no line-out)}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Broadcom}}
| <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}}
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> Optiplex 745
| <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}
| <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel GMA (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{partial|HD Audio (no volume control)}}
| <!--USB--> {{partial|Only keyboard mouse (legacy mode)}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Broadcom}}
| <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}}
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> Optiplex 755
| <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}
| <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel GMA (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{no|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Intel Gigabit}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.5.1
| <!--Comments--> Around 25 second delay in booting from USB
|-
| <!--Name--> Optiplex 990
| <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}
| <!--SATA--> {{partial|non-RAID mode}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel HD (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Intel Gigabit}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Optiplex 360
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|ordinary boot gives VGA mode only - VESA}}
| <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio (Analog Devices ID 194a)}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Aspire Xenon
| <!--Comments-->poor support
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Wyse Vx0 (V90 V30), Vx0L (V10L V90L), Vx0LE (V30LE V90LE) from VIA C7 800GHz to Eden 1.2GHz
| <!--IDE-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for S3 UniChrome Pro}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 VIA VT8233A with ?? codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|2 back and 1 front USB2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|early models work but later VT6102-3 do not}}
| <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.2
| <!--Comments-->2006 to 2009 32bit - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - 1 sodimm DDR 333MHz SO-DIMM later DDR2 - early V90s do seem to have a reliability problem -
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://www.poppedinmyhead.com/2021/01/wyse-cx0-thin-client-notes-experiences.html Dell Wyse Cx0] C00LE, C10LE, C30LE, C50LE, C90LE, C90LE7, C90LEW VIA C7 Eden 1GHz
| <!--IDE-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d VX855 VX875 Chrome 9}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|some VIA VT8237A VT8251 HDA with ?? codec work}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|4 outside 2 inside USB2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|VT6120 VT6121 VT6122 Gigabit}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3
| <!--Comments-->2010 to 2013 32bit - [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=815.0 boots and works] - 12V 2.5A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - 1 sodimm ddr2 -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell RxxL Rx0L thin client
*R00L Cloud PC of Wyse WSM
*R10L Wyse Thin OS
*R50L Suse Linux Enterprise
*R90L Win XP Embedded
*R90LW Win Embedded Standard 2009
*R90L7 Win Embedded Standard 7
| <!--IDE-->128Mb IDE or 1GB
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|SATA Hyperdisk}}
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 690E RS690M Radeon Xpress 1200 1250 1270
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->4 usb2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2009 64bit AMD Sempron™ 210U SMG210UOAX3DVE 1.5GHz SB600, up to 4GB single slot 240-pin DDR2 DIMM, 19v barrel psu, DEL key bios - Late 2012 2 data sockets added but only CN18 be used with two white sockets (CN13 & CN15) can used to power the SATA device "4-pin Micro JST 1.25mm
|-
| <!--Name-->Optiplex 390 sff small form factor - mt mini tower desktop - dt full desktop
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|1 pci-e}}
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->aros one 1.6 usb
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit dual i3 2xxx - kettle iec plug psu cable - add nvidia gf218 gfx - error code 3 mobo or cpu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Optiplex 3010 sff small form factor
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|1 pci-e}}
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom 57XX}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit dual i3 3xxx - kettle iec plug psu cable -
|-
| <!--Name-->Optiplex 7010 sff small form factor
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|1 pci-e}}
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom or Intel 825xx}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit dual i3 3xxx Q77 - kettle iec plug psu cable - add pci-e ethernet and nvidia gf218 gfx -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 5010 thin client ThinOS D class (D10D D00D D00DX, Dx0D), PCoIP (D10DP) or D90D7, 5040
*username: Administrator, admin, [blank]
*password: Fireport, DellCCCvdi, rappot, Wyse#123, Administrator, administrator, r@p8p0r+
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE mode may need 30cm ext cable as small area for half-slim sata ssd - decased new ssd??}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d 1400x1050 HD6250E IGP by using DVI to hdmi cable and 1 display port, no hdmi port}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD 6.34 audio chipset detected but codec alc269 working from one case speaker - none if v6.29 used}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|most 5010 have 4 USB 2.0 but D90Q7 has 2 USB3 instead}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8168 8169 - rev 1.?? 8111? - rev 1.91 8111E}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit no SSE4.1 or AVX slow AMD G-T44R 1.2Ghz later G-T48E 1.4Ghz Dual Bobcat Brazos BGA413 - Del for BIOS - p key to select boot with noacpi - single DDR3 sodimm slot max 4Gb, (8Gb hynix 2rx8 ddr3l)? (remove small board to upgrade) - passive no fan - 15cm/6" small 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - PA16 19v barrel psu Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 7010 DTS thin client (Z class Zx0D)
*2011 Zx0 Z90D7 2GF/2GR
*2013 Z10D
*2014 Z50D 2GF/2GR
*2012 Cisco VXC 6000 CVXC-6215-K9 white
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|Bios set Sata mode to IDE mode and grub boot add 'noacpi' for half slim sata2 ssd or/with 50cm sata ext cable}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d HD6310 HD6320 Terascale 2 through DVI and sometimes DP 1.1a - no 3d support r600 and no hdmi port}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio 6.34 detected but ALC269VB codec works on the one case speaker only}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|2.0 works but NEC 720200 3.0 not working}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111e 8111F}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 and Aros One 32bit 1.5, 1.9 and 2.3 usb and 64bit 1.2
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 slow cores AMD G-t52R 1.5GHz later G-T56N 1.65 GHz Dual with A50M FCH - 20cm/8" high 1.5ltr larger fanless black plastic case with metal ventilated box inside - 2 desktop DIMM slots max 16GB - miniPCIe CN14 - PA-16 19v external psu Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm - 2 40cm SMA female WiFi Antenna to IPEX IPX u.fl Ufl Cable pigtail needed - does not like uefi boot devices -
|-
| <!--Name-->Wyse 7020 Thin Client
* 2013 Quad-core AMD GX-420CA 2.0 GHz (25W) -
* 2018 Zx0Q Quad-core AMD GX-415GA 1.5 GHz (15W) with Quad display 3dp and 1dvi
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 sata port
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d only for AMD Radeon HD8400E radeonsi (dual display) or AMD Radeon HD 8330E IGP with AMD Radeon E6240 Seymour E6460 (quad display), no hdmi ports}}
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 quad eKabini Jaguar cores - two SODIMM sockets layered in centre of mobo DDR3L RAM - Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm ac psu 9mm plug is too short but 14mm length is fine - 15cm/6" high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options -
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Wyse Dx0Q (5020) D90Q8 NJXG4 AMD G-Series
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 sata port
| <!--Gfx-->HD 8330E
| <!--Audio--> with Realtek codec
| <!--USB-->4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2014 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 Quad-core AMD GX-415GA 1.5 GHz - 2 layered near edge of mobo 204-pin DDR3L SODIMM (bottom one tricky to insert) - 19v Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm - passive no fan - 15cm/6" high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 5060 N07D thin client
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE bios mode for sata2 port}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2d - AMD R5E GCN2 IGP Sea Islands thru dp1 with an hdmi adapter no output thru dp2 - no hdmi dvi ports}}
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC231 codec head phones only}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 realtek 8169 8111h}}
| <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 1.6 usb
| <!--Comments-->2017 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 quad GX-424CC 19.5v external psu - CN-0Y62H1 mobo with 2 layered ddr3l 16Gb max sodimm slots at edge of mobo, bottom 0 one blocking - passive no fan so quiet - 15cm/6" high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Fujitsu Siemens====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="15%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| Scenic [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/ProfessionalPC/Scenic/ScenicE/ScenicE.htm E600] (compact desktop)
|
|
| {{partial|VESA only}}
| {{yes|AC97}}
|
| {{no|Intel PRO/1000}}
| {{dunno}}
| Nice small, silent PC with good AROS support.
|-
| Scenic T i845
| {{dunno}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{dunno|Intel AC97}}
| {{dunno|UHCI}}
| {{dunno|Intel PRO/100}}
| Icaros 1.5.2
| AROS does not boot
|-
| <!--Name-->Futro S200 S210 S220 and later S300
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| compactflash CF card max ??}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 315PRO PCI/AGP }}
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 via }}
| <!--USB-->{{unk|via uhci and ehci}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|via VT6102 [Rhine-II] (rev 74) }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - TR5670 Rev 1.4 mother with Transmeta TM5800 cpu - pci socket - single SODIMM socket for DDR memory PC2700S max 512MB -
|-
| <!--Name-->Futro S400
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| but swap with compactflash CF card already with AROS installed}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS741CX }}
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 SiS7018}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk|sis uhci and ehci}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|rtl8169 }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - AMD Geode NX1500 1GHz gets hot - SiS 963L / SiS 741CX chipset - 12V 4.2A 4-pin (DP-003-R) psu - single SODIMM socket for DDR PC2700S max 1G - large case 246 x 48 x 177cms torx screws - pci socket -
|-
| <!--Name-->FUJITSU Futro S700 and S900 Thin Client (based on mini-ITX motherboard D3003-A12, D3003-C1 lesser variant of [https://www.parkytowers.me.uk/thin/Futro/s900/TechNotes_V3.1_Mini-ITX_D3003-S.pdf D3003-S])
*G-T56N 1.65GHz
*G-T40N 1.00GHz
*G-T44R 1.20GHz
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 sata data socket but mSata 18+8pins 1GB-16GB
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 6320, HD 6250, HD 6290 dvi or displayport (DP runs higher)
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->{{yes|two USB2 front sockets and four on the rear}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit AMD slow atom-like and fanless - 20V 2A psu 5.5mm/2.1mm coax (S900) - 2 DDR3L SODIMM sockets max 8GB tricky to run 1333 MHz on the Futro S900 - proprietary X2 PCI-e - 1 PCI socket but need a right-angle adaptor -
|-
| <!--Name-->esprimo p420 e85 desktop case
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx-->Intel 4600 or old Geforce in pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio realtek alc671 codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 16 pin special psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->esprimo E420 e85+ SFF case
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx-->Intel 4600 or low profile pci-e card
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio realtek alc671 codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111G
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 16ish pin special psu - hd under front metal bracket, take front cover off first with 3 tabs - 3 slim pci-e slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->Futro S520 AMD dual 1.0Ghz codenamed "Steppe Eagle"
* GX-210HA @ 1.0GHz
* GX-212ZC @ 1.2GHz
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->no sata - 4Gb or 16Gb flash memory soldered to the board
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon HD 8210E (GX210HA) or AMD Radeon R1E (GX212ZC)
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111e
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - smaller than ITX 160mm x 160mm Fujitsu D3314-A11 - 19V 3.4A PSU standard 5.5mm/2.1mm coax plug - 1 ddr3 sodimm slot -
|-
| <!--Name-->Fujitsu Futro S720 ThinClient D3313-B13 D3313-F
*2014 64bit AMD GX-217GA 1.65GHz VFY:S0720P8009FR VFY:S0720P8008DE VFY:S0720P4009GB
*2015 64bit AMD GX-222GC 2.20GHz VFY:S0720P702BDE VFY:S0720P702BFR
all begin VFY:S0720P and end two digit country code
| <!--IDE--> {{N/A|}}
| <!--SATA--> {{Yes|up to 2 Sata-cable-connector with space in casing so normal SSD/HDD over Sata was running very well on AHCI and IDE-Mode and 2242 mSata}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|use VESA 2D for AMD Radeon HD 8280E IGP ( islands) or later R5E IGP ( islands)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{yes|HDAudio ALC671 codec partially working, external audio speaker}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|4 rear USB 2.0 but not front 2 USB 3.1}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169}}
| <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB 2.0
| <!--Comments-->2014 64bit supports AVX and SSE 4.1 - 1 ddr3 Sodimm slot max 8Gb - 19V-20V 2A 5.5mm/2.5mm coax - D3313-B13 stripped down Mini-ITX mobo D3313-S1/-S2/-S3 (eKabini) D3313-S4/-S5/-S6 - SATA data socket can be located under the fins of the cpu heatsink is fanless - mPCIe socket for wireless card -
|-
| <!--Name-->Fujitsu FUTRO S920 D3313-E D3313-G
*2016 AMD GX-222GC SOC 2.20GHz Dual
*2017 AMD G-Series GX-415GA (1.50 GHz, Quad Core, 2 MB, AMD Radeon™ HD 8330E)
*2017 AMD G-Series GX-424CC 2.40 GHz Quad
| <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}
| <!--SATA--> {{yes|2242 mSata and 1 Sata-cable-connector with space in casing so normal SSD/HDD over Sata possible}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{yes|use VESA 2D for Radeon R5E GCN2/3 IGP}}
| <!--Audio--> {{yes|HDAudio ALC671 codec partially working}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|4 rear USB 2.0, front 2 USB 3.1 downgradable to 2.0 in BIOS setting}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169}}
| <!--Test Distro--> AROS One USB 2.4
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 2 so dimm slot with max of 8 GB - 19v barrel psu 5.5mm 2.5mm - SATA data socket can be located under the fins of the heatsink - mPCIe a e keyed socket for wireless card - propetary X2 connector with official raizer to X1 connector - almost silent background noise, not affecting sound quality in any way
|-
| <!--Name-->Fujitsu Thin Client Futro S5011 S7011
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3 on 2 dp 1.4}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ALC623 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }}
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - AMD Ryzen Dual Core R1305G or R1505G 1ltr case - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - 19v 3.42amp round coax or usb-c 20c 3.25a external psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Fujitsu FUTRO S9011 Thin Client VFY:S9011THU1EIN || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3 on 2 dp 1.4}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ALC623 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit Ryzen Embedded R1606G - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====HP Compaq====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq presario 7360
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|Working}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|AC97 via}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|issues}}
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq EP Series 6400/10
| <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}}
| <!--SATA--> {{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{N/A}}
| <!--Audio--> {{no|ISA}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 1.1}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{N/A}}
| <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}}
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq Evo D510
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{N/A}}
| {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| {{yes|AC97}}
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{yes|Intel PRO/100}}
| Icaros 1.5
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq DX2000 MT
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel Extreme 2 (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{no|detects AC97 but no support for ADI AD1888 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|OHCI/EHCI }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82526EZ e1000}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.51
| <!--Comments-->boots ok but no audio
|-
| <!--Name-->Compaq DX 2200
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200] (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{dunno|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|OHCI/EHCI issues }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}}
| <!--Comments-->issues
|-
| <!--Name--> d230
| <!--IDE--> {{yes|UDMA}}
| <!--SATA--> {{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio--> {{partial|Intel AC97 (speaker and headphones only, no line-out)}}
| <!--USB--> {{yes|USB}}
| <!--Ethernet--> {{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}}
| <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.4.5
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Pavilion a220n || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|VESA 1024x768 on nVidia GF4 MX with 64MB shared video ram}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ALC650 AC'97 comp.}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8201BL 10/100 LAN}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.5|| <!--Comments-->2004 32bit athlon xp 2600+ Socket 462 / Socket A - 2 dimm ddr pc2700 -
|-
| <!--Name-->t500
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|FX5200 (2D; 3D with older driver)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 ICH4 ALC658D}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|UHCI/EHCI}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8101L 8139}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2012-09-22
| <!--Comments-->2004
|-
| <!--Name-->DC7700
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 2D}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes| ICH8}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|82566DM e1000e}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2013-??-??
| <!--Comments-->2006 Some support at low cost
|-
| <!--Name-->HP dc 7600 CMT
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ACL 260}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO/1000 GT}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2007
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t5000 thin client series t5500 t5510 t5515 PC538A or PC542A t5700 t5710 Transmeta Crusoe Code Morphing TM 5400 5600 800Mhz
| <!--IDE-->128mb to 512MB
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->Ati Radeon 7000M
| <!--Audio-->VIA with codec
| <!--USB-->{{No|Issues}}
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA Rhine 2
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - ddr max 1GB - F10 setup - all t51xx and some t55xx units will not include a SODIMM slot -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t5000 thin client series CN700
*HSTNC-002L-TC t5135, t5530
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d 128Mb Via S3 32-bit colour
| <!--Audio-->AC97
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102 VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 78)
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2007 32bit t5135 appears identical to the t5530 except the CPU VIA Esther 400 MHz - RAM 64Mb (? max) - 8 x USB2.0 - 12V 3.33A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t5720, t5725 HSTNC-001L-TC
| <!--IDE-->{{unk| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d SiS741GX 2048 x 1536 32-bit colour
| <!--Audio-->AC97 SiS SiS7012 AC'97
| <!--USB-->6 x USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102 VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 8d)
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2007 32bit AMD Geode NX1500 1GHz socketed - RAM 512MB or 1GB, 256MB, 512MB or 1GB - 12V psu - sis DDMA support - custom 1.13 BIOS - pci low profile -
|-
| <!--Name-->t5000 series VX800 HSTNC-004-TC t5145, t5540, t5545, t5630
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d VIA Chrome9
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio VIA
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|VT6120 VT6121 VT6122 Gigabit (rev 82)}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2010 32bit - RAM 64Mb (? max) - 8 x USB2.0 - 12V 4.16A Coax: 5.5mm/2.1mm -
|-
| <!--Name-->t5730w HSTNC-003-TC t5730
| <!--IDE-->{{n/a|ATA 44pin DOM Flash}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d ATI Radeon X1250 2048 x 1536 no 3D
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|6 x USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 5707M tg3 10/100/1000}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2008 64bit AMD Sempron 2100+ 1GHz - 1 slot of ddr2 sodimm (Max 2GB) - 12V 4.16A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - F10 enter bios F12 boot devices -
|-
| <!--Name-->HSTNC-005-TC gt7720, gt7725
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d AMD RS780G HD 3200 - 2560 x 1600 DVI-D & DVI-H
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->8 x USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5787M}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2009 64bit AMD Turion Dual Core CPU 2.3GHz - 1 DDR2 200-pin SODIMM - 19V 4.16A Coax 7.4mm/5.0mm (gt7725) -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t5740 Thin Client HSTNC-006-TC t5740, t5745, st5742
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->1 port
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Intel CL40 VGA and DisplayPort connectors}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with IDT codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM57780 Gigabit}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Nightly build and Icaros
| <!--Comments-->2009 32bit Atom N280 - F10 on power up to get into the BIOS screens. F12 brings up the boot options - hp 19V one with a coax connector, outer diameter 4.8mm with inner to be 1.7mm to 1.4mm - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots max 3gb due to 32bit - 1 pci-e slot completely non standard -
|-
| <!--Name-->t5000 series HSTNC-012-TC VIA Nano u3500 VX900
*t5550 512MB/1GB Windows CE6 R3
*t5565 1GB/1GB HP ThinPro
*t5570 2GB/1GB WES 2009
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d VIA ChromotionHD 2.0 GPU Chrome9
| <!--Audio-->VIA 9170 VT1708S codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM57780 Gigabit}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->32bit - 1 sodimm - 19V 3.42A supply connector standard yellow-tip coax plug 4.8mm/1.8mm "Standard HP Compaq DC Power Plug 4.8mm x 1.5mm / 1.7mm Yellow Tip Connector -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t510 Via Eden X2 U4200 HSTNC-012-TC shares features with t5570e, t5565z
| <!--IDE-->2G ATA Flash DOM
| <!--SATA-->one
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for Chrome9 VIA ChromotionHD 2.0 gfx}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|VIA VT8237A VT8251 HDA with codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|6 USB2 }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM57780 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2010 32bit - one slot ddr3 sodimm max 4GB - 19V 3.42A Coax 4.8mm/1.8mm -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->HP T610 Thin Client and thicker PLUS version AMD G-T56N A55E
| <!--IDE-->{{Maybe|}}
| <!--SATA-->2 sata
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 6320 1 dp port 1 dvi
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec
| <!--USB-->two USB2 on the front, two USB2 and two USB 3 ports on the rear
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM57780}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2010 64bit does not support AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 204-pin DDR3 1600MHz SODIMMs PC3-12800 under motherboard via removable panel - 19.5V 3A Coax male 7.4mm/5.0mm + centre pin -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP T420 Thin Client
*AMD Embedded G-Series GX-209JA SOC (1 GHz, 2 cores)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 8180 dvi vga
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec
| <!--USB-->2 front 2 rear USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2015 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - soldered in place 2GB DDR3 - smaller than usual 19.5V 2.31A Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - usb stick internal for storage - E15 BBR -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t520 TPC-W016
*AMD GX-212JC 1.2Ghz (2 core)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 m.2 mounting holes for 2242 and 2260 SSDs SATA (not NVME)
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon R2E GCN2 IGP Sea Islands
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec
| <!--USB-->2 USB3 front, 4 USB2 back
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2014 2017 64 bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 1 204-pin DDR3 SODIMM - 19.5V 3.33A 7.4mm Coax with central pin
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t620 TPC-I004-TC
*AMD G-Series GX-217GA 2 core APU 1.65GHz (65W)
*AMD GX-415GA (65W)
and t620 PLUS (PRO wider version) TPC-I020-TC
*AMD GX-420CA SOC (Plus 85W)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|single M.2 2280 socket sata3, mSATA socket removed end of 2014}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2d for Radeon HD 8280E graphics 8330E Islands GCN2 IGP - 2 dp ports no dvi}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio with Realtek ALC221 codec 0x10EC 0x0221}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk|4 front, 2 back, 1 inside limited space}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 32bit
| <!--Comments-->2014 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR3L SODIMMs side by side - mSATA ssd and M.2 SSD are M1.6 screws, M2.0 screws used on most SSDs - 19.5V 3.33A Coax male 7.4mm 5mm with centre pin - changed the network card to a Atheros 5000 compatible -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP T530
*AMD GX-215JJ (2 core) 1.5GHz
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 m.2 sata ssd up to 2280
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon R2E
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec
| <!--USB-->1 USB3.1, 1 usb-c front, 4 USB2 back
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2015 64 bit does support AVX SSE 4.1 - 1 204-pin DDR4 SODIMM - 19.5V 2.31A Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm with centre pin -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP T730 Wider "Thin" Client TPC-I018-TC Pixar RX-427BB (2c4t) - no display and fans blowing full speed caused by '''disabling internal gpu in bios''' flash L43_0116.bin onto smc MX25L6473F (3.3V 8-PIN SOP (200mil) SPI 25xx) ([https://www.badcaps.net/forum/troubleshooting-hardware-devices-and-electronics-theory/troubleshooting-desktop-motherboards-graphics-cards-and-pc-peripherals/bios-schematic-requests/96303-hp-t730-password-locked-bios in the rom rcvry socket under a delicate thin narrow surface flap]) with ch341a alike switchable from 5v, 3.3v to 1.8v
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{partial|Storage bios option to IDE and not AHCI to prevent constant install error messages to DH0: - add noacpi to end of grub boot line - 1 M.2 SATA slot (Key B+M) up to 2280 with T8 torx secure stub}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use VESA for non-vulkan Radeon R7 GCN 2 UVD4.2 Sea Islands with 4 dp outs '''but too easy bricking''' if swapping with 1 PCIe 3.0 x8 slot 30W slim factor low profile 8400gs gt210 nvs295 nvs310 gt1030}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDaudio 6.34 realtek alc221 codec thru case speaker only}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|'''Works''' for 4 USB2 in the back with 2 in the front, 2 USB3.0 ports on front and 1 more internal (not bootable)}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG set up first in Prefs/Network}}
| <!--Test Distro-->boots with AROS One 32bit and 64bit USB with added noacpi added to grub boot line - press e - Latest distros can select grub boot options with Aros One 64bit USB and Aros One USB 2.8 but system seems to freeze after choice
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR3L sodimm stacked slots max 32GB - '''Larger''' 20cm/8" high 3.5ltr case noisy fan - TPM2 - esc/F9 boot selector F10 enter bios - 2 serial and 1 parallel old ports - Key E Wireless - PCIe slot (x16 physical, x8 electrical) - 19.5V 4.36A 85w TPC-LA561 HP 7.4mm black-ring-tip power plug, red flashing power button, wrong psu or bad MotherBoard MB -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t630 Thin Client TPC-I020-TC
*AMD Embedded G-Series SoC GX-420GI quad core 2Ghz
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|ahci.device mbr msdos partiton table for 2 Sata M.2, sata0 up to 2280 (1tb max), sata1 2242 (64gb max), both T8 torx secure stubs}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use VESA for Radeon AMD Wani R7E with 2 displayport 1.2 sockets, use one nearest to power jack - no dvi / hdmi}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio 6.36 0x1022, 0x157a and ALC255 aka ALC3234 codec 0x10ec, 0x0255, pins 0x17 as LFE and 0x1b as int speaker but not ahi 6.34}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2 2 front and 2 rear, 2 front USB3 and 1 inside}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111H}}
| <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB 2.2, 2.8 and 64bit USB 1.0, 1.2 with noacpi added to the end of the grub bootline (press e)
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR4 SODIMMs side by side speed 1866Mhz limit - 19.5V 3.33A 65W TPC-BA54 Coax male 7.4mm with centre pin - can be easily bricked, might reflash bios with M40 SP149736 - 20cm/8" high 1.5ltr larger fanless case - esc f1 f9 f10 -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq Elite 7200 7300 8200 8300 SFF with kettle IEC psu cable
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE ata legacy only in BIOS}}
| <!--Gfx-->i pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|8200 works}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel or Broadcom}}
| <!--Test Distro-->icaros 2.3
| <!--Comments-->2013 64bit dual core - add pci-e rtl8169 ethernet card and pci-e gf210 nvidia low height -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP Compaq Pro 6305 Small Form Factor SFF AMD A75 chipset (FCH 6 SATA 6 Gb/s, 4 USB 3.0)
*AMD Quad A10-5800B
*AMD A8-5500B
*AMD Dual A6-5400B
*AMD A4-5300B
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 7000 Terascale iGPU series Radeon HD 7660D, Radeon HD 7560D, Radeon HD 7540D, Radeon HD 7480D
| <!--Audio-->HD ALC221
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 5761}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Elitedesk 705 G1 - SFF
*AMD A10-8850B, Quad-Core A10 PRO-7850B, A10-8750B
*AMD A10-7800B, A10 PRO-6800B, A8-7600B
*AMD A8-8650B, A6-8550B
*AMD A6-8350B, Dual A6 PRO 7400B, A4-7300B
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D with Radeon R7 or 8000}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD audio with Realtek ALC221 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom or Intel}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - T15 security torx psu with 6pin PWR 200W connector -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP EliteDesk 705 G2, 705 G3 Mini PC USFF thin client
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2.5in and m.2
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon R7
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5762 GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2014 64bit AM4 socket with 35W TDP A10-8770E (4c), AMD PRO A6-8570E (2c), AMD Pro A6-9500E, or AMD PRO A10-9700E on AMD B300 FCH - ddr4 sodimm slots - 77 x 175 x 34mm (6.97 x 6.89 x 1.34in) 1L and about 3lbs -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP EliteDesk 705 G4 Mini 1ltr USFF AMD Ryzen 3 2200G (4c t) or 5 2400G (4c t)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Nvme 2280 and 2.5in sata}}
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 thru DP1.2 port
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio Conexant codec}}
| <!--USB-->USB2 usb3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 realtek
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit Am4 socket - 2 sodimm 16GB max - 19.5v hp socket ext psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Elitedesk 705 G4 35w, Elitedesk 705 G4 65w, HP Prodesk 405 G4 35W USFF
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Nvme 2280 and older models 2.5in sata}}
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 3, 8 or 11 with 2 dp1.2 ports
| <!--Audio-->{{no|HD audio with Conexant CX20632 codec}}
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111EPH 1Gbe or Realtek RTL8111F
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - realtek wifi 8821 or 8822 - up to 1 ddr4 dimm slots - hp barrel 12v up to 180w ac - baseboard 83e9 35W - AMD Athlon PRO 200GE (2c 4t), 2200GE (4c t) or 2400GE (4c t) on AMD B350 FCH -
|-
| <!--Name-->Elitedesk 705 G5, HP Elitedesk 806 G6, Prodesk 405 G6 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2x NVMe or 1x SATA + 1x NVMe, but not all three drives at the same time without serious modding of hd caddie || <!--Gfx-->Vega with DP1.4 port || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3205 codec}} || <!--USB-->USB3 || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - 3400GE Ryzen 5 PRO 3350GE (4c 8t), Ryzen 3 PRO 3200GE 3150GE (4c 4t), AMD Athlon Silver PRO 3125GE (2c 4t) on AMD PRO 565
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t540 1ddr4 slot, t640 2 DDR4 SDRAM sodimm SO-DIMM 260-pin non-ECC max 32gb thin client USFF
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 NVM Express (NVMe) 2230 or 2280
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 3 VGA, DisplayPort
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->2 USB3 gen1
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek Realtek RTL8111HSH or RTL8111E PH-CG
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2019 64bit ryzen r1000 series Ryzen Embedded R1305G 1.5 GHz, R1505G dual (2c 4t) 2.0Ghz or R1606G ?.?Ghz (2c4t) - Realtek RTL8852AE wifi - 45W psu Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP t740 SFF Thin Client
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 M.2, one is sata and other nvme
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 DisplayPort or + optional pci-e 30W Radeon E9173
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E PH-CG 1Gbe
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - Ryzen Embedded V1756B 3.25Ghz quad - 90W 19.5V 4.62A psu Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - sodimm DDR4 max 64Gb - slightly noisy fan -
|-
| <!--Name-->HP EliteDesk 805 G6 Mini 4750GE (8t 16t), Prodesk 405 G6 Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE (6c 12t) or Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE (4c 8t) on AMD PRO 565
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2.5in carrier and 2 slots m.2 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 with DP1.4 and HDMI flex io2 output options
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC3205 codec
| <!--USB-->4 usb a - gen 2 10gig and gen 1 5gig ports
| <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit AMD Ryzen 4000 SBC unlocked - 2 sodimm ddr4 slots - wifi6 - 90W ac -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
====Lenovo====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Lenovo Nettop IdeaCentre Q150 (40812HU)
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->ION2
| <!--Audio--> realtek codec
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->intel 10/100
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit D510
|-
| <!--Name-->M625q Tiny (1L)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->M.2 Sata
| <!--Gfx-->Stoney Radeon R2, R3 or R4 and later R5 with 2 dp ports
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with ALC233-VB2-CG codec 0x10EC 0x0233
| <!--USB-->{{No|3 usb3.1 Gen 1 and 3 usb2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 RTL8111
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit all dual cores - e2-9000e or a4-9120e later A9-9420e - heatsink covers 70% area covers wifi - 65w or 135w lenovo rectangle ac - 1 ddr4 2666MHz slot max 8gb - tpm 2.0 -
|-
| <!--Name-->M715q Gen 1 AMD A6 A8 A10-9700E 9770E (2c2t)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->m.2
| <!--Gfx-->R4
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->M715q Gen 2 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400GE 4C 8T
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->m.2
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 11
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - f1 enter setup, esc device boot - fixed 1.8v ch341a needed to reflash 1.8v bios if no boot SOP8 DIP8 Winbond W25Q64, MXIC MX25U1635, MX25U6435 -
|-
| <!--Name-->ThinkCenter M75n nano Ryzen3 3300U
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ThinkCentre M75q M75q-1 Tiny 1ltr TMM
*AMD Ryzen 5 PRO Quad 3500 Pro 3400GE (4c 8t) 11a5 soe400
*AMD 3200GE (2c 4t) zen1+ 11a4
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|NVMe 2280 1Tb max - untested 2.5inch}}
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 11
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek ALC222-CG codec ALC3287
| <!--USB-->3 USB3 Gen 1
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 65w 20v 3.25A to 135W rectangle psu - 2 sodimm ddr4 sodimm max 32GB locked 2666MHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->ThinkCentre Ryzen 7 PRO Tiny 1ltr Gen 2 AMD 4000 series
*AMD 4650GE (6c12t) 4750GE (8c16t) 4350G (4c8t) Zen2 -
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|NVme}}
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8169 8111
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit vendor locked - 20v psu - 2 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkcenter M75q-2 Gen2 refresh
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->m.2 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon Vega
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->1GigE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 5650GE (6c12t) 5750GE (8c16t) - vendor/PSB can lock your AMD CPU - f12 boot devices
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Thinkcentre M75q Tiny Gen5
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }}
| <!--SATA-->2 NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 780M dp1.4a or hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec
| <!--USB-->USB3 usb-c
| <!--Ethernet-->1GBe port
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2024 Ryzen PRO 7 8700GE - 90W yellow rectangle connector psu - 2 DDR5 sodimm slots max 128Gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|}
====Misc====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Impart impact Media Group IQ Box mini Digital Signage with MB896 mini itx
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->GMA 915 gme
| <!--Audio--> via audio
| <!--USB-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - 1 ddr2 slot - pentium m 1.73GHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_cd_1.83-specs.html Apple A1176 Intel MacMini1,1]
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{unk|gpt/efi }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|gma950 2d and 3d}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ICH7 [https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+question/186749 Sigmatel Stac 9221] [https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-wear-5.1.1_r0.6/sound/pci/hda/patch_sigmatel.c codec][https://alsa-devel.alsa-project.narkive.com/Yt20W6cE/sigmatel-stac9221-mux-amp-out-0x02-microphone-not-working mic]}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2006 32bit possible 1.83 GHz Intel “Core Duo” (T2400) - swap pci-e wifi for atheros 5k AR5007EG - maybe hack with a 2,1 firmware - max 4GB Ram ddr2 sodimms - external apple psu - dvd boot only with c key -
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-2-duo-1.83-specs.html Apple A1176 Intel Mac Mini2,1]
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{unk|gpt/efi }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|gma950 2d and 3d}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ICH7 Sigmatel Stac 9221 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 2.0/ Icaros (latest beta)
| <!--Comments-->2007 64bit - swap pci-e wifi for atheros 5k AR5007EG - hacked with a 2,1 firmware and replaced the cpu for T7600 2.33 Ghz C2D and max 4GB Ram ddr2 sodimms - external apple psu - dvd boot only via c key
|-
| <!--Name-->Apple iMac 5,1 "Core 2 Duo" 1.83GHz 17" T5600 MA710LL || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 with 64Mb || <!--Audio-->HDAudio idt codec || <!--USB-->3 USB2 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 667MHz sodimm slots - 17.0" TFT widescreen 1440x900 - polycarbonate
|-
| <!--Name-->Apple iMac 6,1 "Core 2 Duo" 2.16 2.33 24" only T7400 T7600 aka MA456LL/A A1200 (EMC 2111) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia 7300GT with 128 MB of GDDR3 SDRAM PCI Express or GeForce 7600GT with 256Mb mini dvi, vga || <!--Audio-->HDAudio || <!--USB-->3 USB2 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 667MHz sodimm slots - 24.0" TFT widescreen 1920 x 1200 - polycarbonate plastic case iMacs of this generation are the most difficult iMacs to service due to their front bezel design
|-
| <!--Name-->Neoware CA2
| <!--IDE-->flash DOM
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->S3 Inc ProSavage PM133 (rev 02) vga
| <!--Audio-->VIA VT82C686 AC97 Audio
| <!--USB-->USB
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8139
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - VIA Ezra 800MHz - 2 PC100 sodimm slots - riser board carries an ISA slot and a PCI slot - external 12V power supply.with 4 pins -
|-
| <!--Name-->Neoware CA5 Capio One
| <!--IDE-->44pin Disk On Module DOM
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->SiS550 vga
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with SiS7019 codec
| <!--USB-->USB1.1
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8139
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - internal power supply with mains lead has a "clover leaf" style - 2 144-pin PC100 or PC133 SODIMM might have 24MB of RAM soldered -
|-
| <!--Name-->Neoware CA10
*E140 model BL-XX-XX (800MHz CPU) later
*E100 model BK-XX-XX (1GHz CPU)
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->VIA VT8623 (Apollo CLE266) vga
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with
| <!--USB-->4 USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102/VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 74)
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2004/5 32bit - 12v 5.5mm/2.1mm - 2 184-pin DDR DIMM -
|-
| <!--Name-->VXL Itona thin client
*TC3200,
*TC3x41 (P3VB-VXL) TC3541 TC3641 TC3841,
*TC3xx1 (6VLE-VXL0) TC3931,
*TC43xx (Gigabyte C7V7VX) TC4321
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->VIA vga
| <!--Audio-->AC'97 Audio with VIA VT
| <!--USB-->VIA USB
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8100B
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2005 2006 32bit VIA Samuel 2, VIA C3 Nehamiah CPU, 1 DIMM slot, internal psu,
|-
| <!--Name-->Neoware Capio C50, model CA15 Thin Clients]
*Login Administrator Password Administrator
*Login User Password User
| <!--IDE-->1 flash Disk On Module
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->VIA VT8623 (Apollo CLE266) vga
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with via codec
| <!--USB-->USB
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2006 32bit VIA Eden (Samuel II core) CPU - 1 ddr sodimm slot max 512mb - slot - internal psu clover leaf -
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://etoy.spritesmind.net/neowareca21.html Neoware CA21 Thin Clients] Igel 3210 (and maybe the Clientron G270)
*Login Administrator Password Administrator
*Login User Password User
| <!--IDE-->1 flash Disk On Module DOM
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->VIA CN700 vga
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with via codec
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2007 32bit VIA C3 Nehemiah instead of Ezra-T - made 2 version of the CA 21, one with an Award bios and one with a Phoenix bios - 1 ddr2 sodimm slot max 1gb - VT6656 wireless - slot - internal psu iec -
|-
| <!--Name-->Neoware CA22 (e140), part number DD-L2-GE with BCOM WinNET P680 (V4) as the Igel 4210LX (Igel 5/4)
| <!--IDE-->1 VIA VT82C586A/B VT82C686/A/B VT823x/A/C PIPC Bus Master IDE (rev 06)
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->VIA CN700 P4M800 Pro CE VN800 Graphics [S3 UniChrome Pro] (rev 01) vga
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with codec
| <!--USB-->USB2 VIA VT8237R Plus
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102/VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 78)
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - VIA Esther to later C7 1GHz - 1 ddr2 sodimm slots max 512mb - +12V DC/4.16A/50W 5.5mm/2.1mm coaxial -
|-
| <!--Name-->10Zig RBT402, Clientron U700,
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes|44 pin header very little room}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Partial|VESA dvi}}
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 with codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk|VIA }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 3a psu - Password Fireport
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Optiplex FX170 D05U thin client, 10Zig 56xx range 5602, 5616v, 5617v, 5672v, Clientron U800, Devon IT TC5,
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes|44 pin header very little room}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{partial|GMA 950 dvi}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3
| <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 ddr2 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 3a psu - Password Fireport - ps2 keyboard socket -
|-
| <!--Name-->10Zig RBT-616V or Chip PC Technologies EX-PC (model number XPD4741)
| <!--IDE-->{{unk|44 pin header very little room}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 950}}
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|rtl8169}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2010 32bit N270 on NM10 with ICH7 - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 4a psu - Password Fireport
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte Brix GS-A21S-RH (rev. 1.0) SFF
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|X3100}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio with ALC883-GR codec}}
| <!--USB-->Intel USB
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82566DC}}
| <!--Test Distro-->ICAROS 2.3
| <!--Comments-->2009 64bit Intel GME965 chipset with Intel ICH8M - 2 DDR2 Dimm slots - GA-6KIEH2-RH Rev.1.x mini ITX Case 213mm(D) x 64mm(W) x 234mm(H) - custom psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->VXL Itona MD+24 MD27 MD54 MD64 MD76 thin client
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->VIA Chrome 9
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA VT
| <!--USB-->VIA
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2009 32bit VIA X2 U4200 - 12v-19v barrel psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Revo 100 RL100 AMD Athlon II X2 K325 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® ION™ 9300m || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC662 codec || <!--USB-->USB2 1 front 2 back || <!--Ethernet-->NVIDIA nForce 10/100/1000 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2010 64bit but no AVX - 4Gb DDR3 sodimm - 500 GB - 19v 3.42a 65W - dvd but later BD drive -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asrock ION 330 330Pro HT-BD, Foxconn NT-330i, Zotac ION F (IONITX mini itx),
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ION geforce 9400}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Nvidia USB}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Nvidia }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2010 32bit slow atom cpu - 2.5L 8" by 8" plastic case - 2 ddr2 sodimm max 4G - external 19v 65W 3.42A Plug 5.5mm X 2.5mm - little whiny fan -
|-
| <!--Name-->Zotac ZBOXHD-ND01
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->ION1
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->NVidia
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2009 32bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Zotac ZBOX HD-ID11
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->ION2
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC888 codec
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111D
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2010
|-
| <!--Name-->ZOTAC ZBOX Blu-ray 3D ID36 Plus
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->sata
| <!--Gfx-->ION2
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->2 USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->GbE
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Shuttle XS35GT || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ION || <!--Audio-->HD audio IDT92HD81 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|JMC261}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - Atom™ D510 NM10 - DDR2
|-
| <!--Name-->Shuttle XS35GT V2 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ION2 || <!--Audio-->HD audio IDT92HD81 || <!--USB-->Intel || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|JMC251}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit Atom™ D525 NM10 chipset - DDR3
|-
| <!--Name-->Sapphire Edge-HD || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ION2 GT218 with vga and hdmi || <!--Audio-->HDAudio realtek codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - Atom™ D510 NM10 - DDR2 65 W AC, DC 19V~3.42A, 19.3L x 14.8w x 2.2H cm (1l), weight 530g,
|-
| <!--Name-->Sapphire Edge-HD2 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|nouveau ION2 GT218 with vga and hdmi 2d and 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|Intel USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit Atom™ D525 NM10 chipset - DDR3
|-
| <!--Name-->AOPEN Digital Engine DE67-HA(I)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| Vesa 2d for Intel HD}}
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio for ALC662 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|usb3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel WG82579LM}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2011
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://www.jetwaycomputer.com/JBC600C99352W.html Jetway JBC600C99352W]
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->ION2
| <!--Audio-->{{No|C-Media CM108AH}}
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111DL
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2011 64bit D525 - DDR3 - 12v psu
|-
| <!--Name-->Foxconn nT-A3550 A3500 AMD A45 Chipset DDR3 Nettop Barebones - White
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 slot
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon HD6310
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->4 USB2 back and 2 USB3 front
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD Dual-core E350 1.6GHz CPU - 1 ddr3 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus EeeBox PC EB1021 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD6320M || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE1 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit - AMD® Brazos E-350 SFF or E-450 with A50M - 2 ddr3l so-dimm - 40W ac -
|-
| <!--Name-->Xi3 Piston PC Athlon64 X2 3400e (X5A), AMD R-464L quad (X7A) Z3RO NUC
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->AMD mobility HD3650 to radeon HD 7660G
| <!--Audio--> codec
| <!--USB-->4 USB2 3 USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8161}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 - 2 sodimm 8GB max - 19v 3.3a round - Titan105 bios update -
|-
| <!--Name-->Sapphire Edge-HD3 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD6320M with vga and hdmi || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC662 codec || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE1 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD® Brazos E-450 with A45M - ddr3l so-dimm - 65W ac - Wireless is Realtek 8191SU WiFi (802.11n) or AzureWave (802.11bgn) -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->Samsung Syncmaster Thin Client Display TC-W Series 24" LF24 TOWHBFM/EN TC220W LED LF22TOW HBDN/EN || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->8gb SSD || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| VESA mode only Radeon HD 6290}} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB-->2 USB 2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 thin Client C-50 C50 AMD® 1000 MHz and no wireless
|-
| <!--Name-->Advantech TPC-2140 thin client
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }}
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 atom-like G-T56E 1.65Ghz up to SSE3, BGA413 soldered -
|-
| <!--Name-->CompuLab FIT-PC3 fitPC3 USFF PC AMD G-T56N || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->RADEON HD 6320 || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio ALC888 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 8111}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64 bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 12v 3a - 2x sodimm DDR3 max 4GB - wifi rtl8188ce
|-
| <!--Name-->10Zig 6872 thin client
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }}
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 atom-like G-T56N up to SSE3 BGA413 (FT1) soldered - DDR3l single channel -
|-
| <!--Name-->10ZiG Technology 9972 1.6 GHz Linux 1.47 kg Black RX-216GD thin client
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon 5E 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz to 2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz 2 x Display Port
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->6 x USB2.0 2 x USB3.0
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD RX-216TD - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm
|-
| <!--Name-->10ZiG 7800q thin client
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon 5E 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz to 2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz 2 x Display Port
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->6 x USB2.0 2 x USB3.0
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD GX-424CC (Quad Core) 2.4GHz BGA769 (FT3b) - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm
|-
| <!--Name-->
*Itona VXL MZE12 AMD a4-5000 thin client
*VXL Itona LQ27 LQ+27 LQ44 LQ+44 LQ49 LQ+49 LQ50 LQ+50 LQ64 LQ+64 thin client
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Ati 8330 vga hdmi dp
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->4 usb2 2 usb3
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2014 64bit quad BGA769 (FT3) soldered - 2 stacked sodimm ddr3 middle of mobo - 2 m.2 sata slots - 1 sata short cable half size space - limited 1ltr 8in case no fan - 19v hp style psu connector -
|-
| <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 5212 21.5" AIO Thin Client W11B
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->Sata
| <!--Gfx-->R3 out from DP or vga
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2015 64bit slow atom like dual core AMD G-T48E 1.4 GHz - dell type round ac needed 90W 19.5V 4.62A - 21 inch 1080p screen -
|-
| <!--Name-->LG 24CK560N-3A 24' All-in-One Thin Client Monitor, 27CN650N-6N 27CN650W-AC 27', 34CN650W-AC 34',
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AMD Prairie Falcon GX-212JJ
|-
| <!--Name-->CompuLab fit-PC4 fitPC4 4x 2Ghz AMD || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64 - 2x DDR4 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name-->IGEL Hedgehog M340C UD3 thin client
*2016 V1.0 AMD GX-412HC 1.2GHz-1.6GHz Radeon R3E, normal bios DEL for Bios or F12 boot selector
*2018 AMD GX-424CC 2.4GHz, Radeon R5E, UEFI hit DEL and choose boot or SCU icon
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--SATA-->SATA half slim version '''limited space''' with msata 8+18pins slot on earlier 2016 models
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Radeon R3E later R5E sea islands vulkan 1.2 with dvi dp output}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec ?? (412) and Realtek ALC662-VD0-GR (424), both case speaker}}
| <!--USB-->amd usb3 boot usb2 with bios "disable usb" entry
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111 (412) and (424)}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Aros One x86 USB 1.5, 1.8 and 2.2
| <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 20cm/8" high case - 1 DDR3L sodimm slot max 8Gb 1600MHz - external '''12V 3A''' supply with 5.5mm/2.1mm coaxial - IDE like interface under base stand is for legacy addon ports RS232 parallel etc - capacitive touch power on - case opening 3 stages, remove stand and narrow black plastic strip from the back, top cover slides off to the back and lifts off -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->10ZiG 6148v 6048qv (6100 series)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--USB-->{{No| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AMD Ryzen V1202B
|-
| <!--Name-->10ZiG 7111q
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2019 64bit AMD Ryzen R2514 2.1 GHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->Shuttle DA320
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->R3 R5
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC662 codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->dual realtek 1GbE 8111H
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit AMD 2200G 2400G - Robust metal 1.3-liter case - A320 chipset DDR4 - 19V 6.32A DC PSU -
|-
| <!--Name-->IGEL UD7 H850C around december 2019 '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->None but 8gb emmc
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 3
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec
| <!--USB-->USB 3.2 and 2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options
|-
| <!--Name-->IGEL UD7 H860C - '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->None but 8gb emmc
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 3
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec
| <!--USB-->USB 3.2 and 2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options
|-
| <!--Name-->IGEL UD3 M350C (UEFI issues)
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->None but 8gb emmc
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 3
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec
| <!--USB-->USB 3.2 and 2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ R R1505G Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options
|-
| <!--Name-->IGEL UD7 H860C AMD Ryzen V1605B Thin Client - '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2020 AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V1605B 2 – 3.6 GHz (Quad-Core) - 12v 5A psu - up to 16GB RAM DDR4 - locked down components and very limited expansion options
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte Brix Barebone Mini PC BSRE-1605
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 M.2
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC269 codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->2 GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2020 64bit AMD Ryzen V1605B - 2 DDR4 sodimm slots
|-
| <!--Name-->MINISFORUM Deskmini UM250 Mini PC
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2020 64bit AMD Ryzen V1605B -
|-
| <!--Name-->T-Bao MN25 Mini PC 2500U
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{Unk|Intel NVMe}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{No|VESA Radeon Vega 8}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Unk| }}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek PCIe 1GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Atari VCS || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit Ryzen Embedded R1606G - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Minis Forum M200 Silver Athlon M300 3300U
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Minis Forum DeskMini UM300 3300U, UM350 DMAF5 3550H, UM370 and UM700 with 3750H
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->MinisForum X300 with AMD 3400G
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Beelink SER3 GTR4
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega 3 or 10
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RJ45 1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2020 64bit 3200u or 3750h
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock DeskMini X300
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2020 Ryzen 7 Pro 4750G 5600G
|-
| <!--Name-->MinisForum Besstar Tech X400 with AMD 4650G
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->AMD
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - MP1584 - kill NB679 NB679GD-Z=ALTM=AL** QFN-12 IC-REG-DL buck/linear synchronous chip IC with bad usb cables -
|-
| <!--Name-->Beelink SER4 GTR5
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->cant boot from installed SSDs unless its an M.2
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->1 or 2 Realtek
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 4700U or 5900HX
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI PRO DP20Z 5M Mini PC - AMD Ryzen 5 5300G
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2018-2021 R3 3200G Vega 8 - R5 3400G Vega 11 - Ryzen 5 5600G Vega 7 - Athlon 3000G
|-
| <!--Name-->Minisforum UM450
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->Vega
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - Ryzen 4500U -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte Brix
GB-BRR7-4800 (rev. 1.0)
GB-BRR7-4700 (rev. 1.0)
GB-BRR5-4500 (rev. 1.0)
GB-BRR3-4300 (rev. 1.0)
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|}}
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS PN50 mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 4700U
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Vega
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|3.1 gen1}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|realtek 2.5GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS PN51-S1 mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 5700U
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->Vega thru dp or hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|3.1 gen1}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|realtek 2.5GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 19v or 19.5v 90w psu round barrel - 32gb ddr4 sodimm -
|-
| <!--Name-->Minis Forum Bessstar Tech EliteMini B550
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 x 2.5in and 2 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|4 usb3.1}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|realtek 8125 2.5GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit AMD 4700G 5700G desktop cpu - 19v 120w round barrel -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock A300 and later X300 Mini itx with Desktop AM4 socket
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->Vega
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->1GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - choose your own AMD APU GE 35w based - DDR4 -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock 4x4 BOX-5800U Zen 3-based AMD Ryzen 7 5800U 15W -
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->m.2 slot gen 3 and sata
| <!--Gfx-->vega
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|1 GbE and 1 2.5GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - WiFi 6E -
|-
| <!--Name-->Topton S500+ Gaming Mini PC - Morefine S500+ 5900HX Mini PC - Minisforum UM590 Ryzen AMD Zen3 Ryzen 9 5900HX 7 5800H 45W -
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 nvme 1 sata
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 thru HDMI 2.0, DP 1.4, and USB type-C
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|usb3.1}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|1 realtek rtl 8111h and 1 8125 2.5GbE bg-cg}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 2 sodimm ddr4 3200MHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->Chuwi RzBox later Ubox
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 later to 660m vga, dp, hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|usb-c usb2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->dual gigabit
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 2025 64bit amd 5800h 4800h 6600H - 90w psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Beelink Mini PC SER5, Trigkey AZW S5, Asus PN52, ZHI BEN MX-JB560,
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->PCIe3 M.2 2280 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega 6 with 1 or 2 hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek 1GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 5500U 5560u 5600U to PRO 5600H 5800H - 19v 3.42W 65W psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->NIPOGI Kamrui ACEMAGICIAN AM06PRO Dual LAN Mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 5800U, 5 5500U or 5600U/5625U
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->M.2 and 2.5in sata
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 7
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->2 GbE ports
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - plastic build - 90w usb-c power - loud at 25W setting -
|-
| <!--Name-->Topton FU02 Fanless Mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 4700U 5600U 5800U 8 Core 16 Threads
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe and 2.5in sata
| <!--Gfx-->Vega
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->4 3.0 with 2 2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->2 x 1G
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64 - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - fanless with copper cube from cpu to metal sheet which gets warm
|-
| <!--Name-->Xuu XR1 Lite (5300u 4c 8t) PRO 5400U MAX 5600U
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 NVMe 2242 slot
| <!--Gfx-->Vega 6
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->2 3.0
| <!--Ethernet-->1G
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64 quiet fan - very small case no expansions -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->MINISFORUM UM690 Venus Series
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->pcie4 nvme 2280 and 1 sata3 2.5in
| <!--Gfx-->680m RNDA2 12CU with 2 hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|1 USB4 and 2 USB3.2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|2.5G LAN}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 6900hx 8C16T - 2 ddr5 sodimmm - 19v ???W -
|-
| <!--Name-->Beelink Mini PC GTR6
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->PCIe4
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 680M RDNA2
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->USB3.2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 2.5GbE or intel i225}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit Ryzen 9 6900HX Zen3+ and a 2gb Radeon 680m 12CU ddr5 sodimm - 19v 120w psu -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus PN53, Geekom AS 6,
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->pcie gen4 nvme and ata 2.5in
| <!--Gfx-->680m RNDA2 12CU with 2 hdmi and 1 dp
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|2 usb-c, 2 USB2.1 and 3 USB3.2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|1G LAN}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 6900hx 8C 16T - 2 slots ddr5 sodimmm (64Gb max) - 19v 120W - 4 retained base screws beware ribbon cable -
|-
| <!--Name-->Micro Computer (HK) Tech Ltd MinisForum UM773 Lite later UM750L slim, GMKtec K2 Mini PC
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe PCIe4.0
| <!--Gfx-->RDNA
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio
| <!--USB-->USB4
| <!--Ethernet-->2.5GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2023 2025 64bit - AMD Zen 3+ (8c 16t) Ryzen 7 7735HS, 7840HS and AMD Ryzen 9 7845HX AMD Ryzen™5 7545U (6c12t) - 19v up to 120w ac adapter - ddr5 sodimm 4800Mhz -
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://www.asrockind.com/en-gb/4x4 ASrock 4x4 SBC]
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->sata or nvme
| <!--Gfx-->Vega or 680M
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3 or USB4
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 1GbE or intel 2.5GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Beelink Mini PC GTR7 SER7
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->PCIe4 nvme 2280 up to 2Tb
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M RDNA3 GPU output on hdmi and dp
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3.2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|1 or 2 2.5GbE}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2023 64bit AMD Phoenix APUs Zen 4 CPU Ryzen 7 7840HS or 9 7940HS (8c 16t) - 19v 5.26A 120w psu - del dios setup f7 choose boot - 2 usb-c on back - up to 64gb via 2 ddr5 sodimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->MINISFORUM BD770i Ryzen 7 7745HX (8c16t) or BD795i SE 790i 9 7945HX (16c32t) or F1FXM_MB_V1.1 795M LGA1700 mATX
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 610m over usb-c, dp or hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec
| <!--USB-->USB3 with 2 rear USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 2.5G
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Opinion-->2024 mini-ITX M/B is the first MoDT (Mobile on Desktop) with soldered AMD CPU - 2 dual PCIe4.0 M.2 slots - 2 ddr5 sodimm slots max 5200Mhz - 8pin cpu power - battery not easily replaceable underneath -
|-
| <!--Name-->Minisforum ms-a1 MS-a2
* 5700G to 8700G apu
* 9955HX
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 610M
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->dual 2.5GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2024 64bit - 19v ?A round barrel jack - 2 ddr5 so-dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->AOOSTAR GT68
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->Nvme
| <!--Gfx-->680m
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->2 2.5Gb
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 Ryzen7 Pro 6850H,
|-
| <!--Name-->NextSBC 7840HS
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->Nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M 12CU
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec
| <!--USB-->USB4 and USB 3.2
| <!--Ethernet-->2 GbE
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - 32Gb soldered -
|-
| <!--Name-->Firebat A6 R7 6800H
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 680M
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Minisforum UM760 7640HS
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 760
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB4
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 and 2.5Gb
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Peladn WO4 Mini PC
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 760
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit 7640HS - 19v 5.26A 120W -
|-
| <!--Name-->BossGame M4 Neo 7840HS
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 780
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Minisforum UM870 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M || <!--Audio-->HDaudio || <!--USB-->USB3 || <!--Ethernet-->2.5GbE || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->GEEKOM A8 Max AI Mini PC AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS, Ryzen™ 7 8845HS or 8745HS
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| USB4}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Dual 2.5 G Ethernet ports}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Beelink SER 9
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVme
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 890M
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB4
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - Ryzen AI HX 370 strix point -
|-
| <!--Name-->GMKtec EVO-X2 mini pc
| <!--IDE-->{{n/a}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 8060S iGPU RDNA3.5 RADV GFX1151
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB4
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - amd ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16c32t) strix halo -
|-
| <!--Name-->BosGame M5
| <!--IDE-->{{n/a}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 8060S iGPU RDNA3.5 RADV GFX1151
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->USB4
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - amd ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16c32t) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Steam Machine GabeCube
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->semi-custom 1080p amd 7600m like with 28cu 8gb ddr6 gddr 10GFlops
| <!--Audio-->hdaudio with codec
| <!--USB-->usb3
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}}
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->2026 64bit amd 1772 hawk point2 6c12t zen4 avx512 FP7 socket with FCH51 - 16gb ddr5 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|}
===Server Systems===
[[#top|...to the top]]
====IBM====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Name
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx
! width="10%" |Audio
! width="10%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="15%" |Test Distro
! width="20%" |Comments
|-
| <!--Name-->xSeries 206m
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ATI RN50b (VESA only)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{n/a}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0 (UHCI/EHCI)}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}}
| <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2014-09-27
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
===Motherboard===
[[#top|...to the top]]
* Late 2002, USB2.0 added and slightly better AROS sound support (AC97) appeared
* 2002-2005 and still, to a limited extent, ongoing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague bad capacitors]
* Late 2003, ATX PSUs moved from 5V to 12v rails (extra 4pin on motherboard for CPU)
* Late 2005, PCI Express replaced AGP and HDAudio replaced AC97
* Late 2007, ATX PSUs added extra 12V PCI-E connectors and 4+4pin for CPUs
* Late 2010, USB3.0 appears on motherboards or needing a PCI-E motherboard slot
* Late 2014 Hardware USB2 removed from USB3 chipsets
====AMD Sockets====
[[#top|...to the top]]
=====Socket 7 (1997/1999)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->1997 VT82C586B (QFP-208) is the first from VIA with DDMA
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2000 VT82C686 has close to excellent DDMA support
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->SiS 5581/5582
SiS 5591/5595
SiS 530 /5595
SiS 600/5595
SiS 620/5595
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
=====Socket A 462 (2001/4)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/motherboards/article.php/2217921/ABIT-NF7-S-nForce2-Motherboard-Review.htm Abit NF7-S]
| <!--Chipset-->nForce 2
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->2 ports
| <!--SATA-->SIL 3112A
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650 AC97 (Nvidia APU)}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL 8201LB
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire Realtek RTL8801B
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock K7NF2
| <!--Chipset-->nforce2 ultra 400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|AGP 8x}}
| <!--Audio-->CMedia CMI 9761A AC'97
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8201
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock K7S8X
| <!--Chipset-->SIS 746FX
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|AGP 8x}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC'97 cmedia}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB2.0 works but does not boot}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|SiS900}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock K7S41GX
| <!--Chipset-->SIS 741GX + DDR 333
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|onboard sis does not work with vga or vesa but AGP 8x works}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 SIS 7012}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB2.0 works but does not boot}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|SiS 900}}
| <!--Opinion-->works ok
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.asus.com ASUS A7N8X]
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->Silicon Image Sil 3112A
| <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ac97 ALC650}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|ehci USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}}
| <!--Opinion-->first total support for AROS in 2004/5 - damocles and M Schulz
|-
| <!--Name-->Biostar M7NCD
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650 AC97}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8201BL}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Chaintech 7NJS Ultra Zenith
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->Promise PDC 20376
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|CMI8738}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->DFI Lanparty NF2 Ultra
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{no|via ac97 VT1616}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL8139C
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ECS N2U400-A
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{no|Cmedia 9379A AC97}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|usb2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|VIA VT6103L}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA7N400L
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->1 AGP 8x slot
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 ALC650}}
| <!--USB-->2 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL8100C
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.gigabyte.lv/products/page/mb/ga-8siml Gigabyte 8SIML]
| <!--Chipset-->SIS 650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC'97}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|working}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Realtek RTL8100L LAN}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Matsonic [http://www.elhvb.com/mobokive/archive/matsonic/manual/index.html Manuals] MS83708E
| <!--Chipset-->SIS730
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|SiS 5513}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|sis 305 no support use VESA}}
| <!--Audio-->{{no|sis7018}}
| <!--USB-->{{no|SiS 7001 USB 1.1 only}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|SIS900}}
| <!--Opinion-->little support
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=bph07585&lc=en&dlc=en&cc=us&dest_page=softwareCategory&os=228&tool=softwareCategory&query=Pavilion%20742n&product=89232 MSI MS-6367 HP 722n 742n (Mambo) (2001/2)]
| <!--Chipset-->Nvidia nforce 220D (2001/2)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->GeForce2 AGP works 2D nouveau only
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|AC97 ADI 1885 no volume control on Units 0-3}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 USB1.1 ports AMD based - front 2 ports iffy}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|nForce}}
| <!--Opinion-->Tested 20th Aug 2012 NB
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI K7N2 [http://us.msi.com/index.php?func=proddesc&maincat_no=1&prod_no=546/ Delta ILSR] Delta-L
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 (2002/3)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|Primary & Secondary ports}} IDE Tertiary port (RAID)
| <!--SATA-->2 ports (RAID)
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|when fitted with an agp video card}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ac97 ALC650}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}}
| <!--Opinion-->runs AROS well. Tested with Icaros 1.2.3
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI K7N2 Delta2-LSR Platinum
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2 (2002/3)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|Primary & Secondary ports}} IDE Tertiary port (RAID)
| <!--SATA-->2 ports (RAID)
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|when fitted with an agp video card}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|ac97 ALC655}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}}
| <!--Opinion-->runs AROS well. Tested with Icaros 1.2.3
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/motherboards/article.php/2204281/Soltek-SL-75MRN-L-nForce2-Motherboard-Review.htm Soltek 75FRN-L]
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|2 ports}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->AGP slot
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|2 usb2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek RTL8201BL}}
| <!--Opinion-->good support
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.3dvelocity.com/reviews/mach4nf2ultra/mach4.htm XFX Pine Mach4 nForce2 Ultra 400]
| <!--Chipset-->nForce2
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|3 ports}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2 ports VIA VT6240}}
| <!--Gfx-->1 AGP 8x slot
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|2 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8201BL}}
| <!--Opinion-->some support
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS A7V266
| <!--Chipset-->via KT266A + 8233
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{no|issues}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with AD1980 codec
| <!--USB-->via 8233
| <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6103
| <!--Opinion-->2002 issues with booting
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus A7V8X-X
| <!--Chipset-->VIA KT400
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{unk| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|agp}}
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 with ADI AD1980 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk|VIA 8235}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|Realtek 10/100}}
| <!--Opinion-->2003 not booting for Socket A for AMD Barton/Thoroughbred/Athlon XP/Athlon/Duron 2.25+ GHz CPU - 3 x DDR DIMM Sockets Max. 3 GB -
|-
|}
=====Socket 754 (2004/5)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Abit NF8-V2
| <!--Chipset-->nForce3 250GB (2004/5)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|2 ports}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2 ports}}
| <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot x8
| <!--Audio-->ALC658 ac97
| <!--USB-->{{yes|2 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8201C}}
| <!--Opinion-->a little support but no Firewire VIA VT6306
|-
| <!--Name-->Biostar CK8 K8HNA Pro
| <!--Chipset-->nforce3 150
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->VT6420 thru ide legacy only
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 ALC655}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8110S
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire VT6307 no
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.extremeoverclocking.com/reviews/motherboards/Chaintech_ZNF3-150_3.html Chaintech ZNF3-150 Zenith]
| <!--Chipset-->nforce3 150
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->2 ports
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|Sli3114 SATA via IDE emul}}
| <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot
| <!--Audio-->{{no|VIA Envy24PT (VT1720) + VT1616}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|2 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom GbE 5788}}
| <!--Opinion-->very little support needs PCI cards but no Firewire VIA VT6306
|-
| <!--Name-->DFI Lanparty UT nF3 250GB
| <!--Chipset-->nForce3 250gb
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->2 ports
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2 ports nForce3 and 2 Marvell SATA PHY}}
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 ALC850}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|2 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->CK8S - Winfast NF3 250K8AA works and Marvell 88E1111 does not work
| <!--Opinion-->2005 some support but no Firewire VIA VT6307
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-K8N
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA nForce3 150
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC658 AC97
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8100C
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire TI43AB23 no
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte K8NNXP
| <!--Chipset-->nForce3 150
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->Sata sil3512
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC658 AC97
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTl8110S
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire TI STB82AA2 no
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-K8NSNXP
| <!--Chipset-->nForce3 250GB
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->SiI 3512 CT128 Sata Sil3515
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC850 AC97
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvel 88E8001}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI K8N Neo-FIS2R
| <!--Chipset-->nVIDIA NF3-250Gb
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Realtek 7.1 AC'97 ALC850
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E1111}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://techreport.com/articles.x/5748/1 Shuttle AN50R]
| <!--Chipset-->nF3-150
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->Sil 3112
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC650 AC97
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia nF3 (10/100) Intel 82540EM Gigabit
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire VT6307 no
|-
| <!--Name--> Foxconn WinFast K8S755A
| <!--Chipset-->SiS755 + SiS964 (DDR333)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> {{yes|AC97}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|RTL8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket 939 (2005)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus A8N-LA GeForce 6150 LE
| <!--Chipset-->Geforce 6150 (MCP51) + nForce 430 (PC-3200)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|two ATA 133}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|four 3.0GB/s SATAII ports}}
| <!--Gfx-->built in or PCI-E x16
| <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC883 HD Audio
| <!--USB-->6 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL 8201CL
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus A8N-SLI Premium
| <!--Chipset-->NVidia
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|PCIe slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|nForce LAN but not Marvell}}
| <!--Opinion-->Works well
|-
| <!--Name-->DFI nF4 Ultra-D LanParty - Diamond Flower International sold to BenQ group 2010
| <!--Chipset-->nF4
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->2 ports
| <!--SATA-->4 ports SATA 2
| <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe x16 slots
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with ALC850 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Dual Gigabit Ethernet, PCIe by Vitesse VSC8201 PHY nee Cicada 8201, PCI by Marvel 88E8001
| <!--Opinion-->2006 64bit - Four 184-pin DDR Dual-Channel Slots - 1 pci on Ultra, 2 pci on sli,
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus A8V E SE
| <!--Chipset-->VIA K8T890 +VT8237R CHIPSET ATX AMD Motherboard with Athlon 64 X2 / Athlon 64 FX / Athlon 64
| <!--ACPI-->{{N/A}}
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe}} AC97 driver using Realtek ALC850 codec
| <!--USB-->{{Yes}} USB 2.0 only
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No}} Marvell 88E8053
| <!--Opinion-->Good base but needs additional PCI cards added for better support
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS A8V Deluxe (2004)
| <!--Chipset-->VIA K8T800 Pro (DDR400)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->Promise 20378 2 ports
| <!--SATA-->2 SATA2
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{no|VIA VT8233A 8235 8237 AC97}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Marvell 88E8001 Gigabit}}
| <!--Opinion-->needs extra PCI cards
|-
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Test Distro-->
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock 939Dual-SATA2
| <!--Chipset-->Ali Uli M1695 PCIe with M1567 AGP
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->2 ports
| <!--SATA-->1 Sata with JMicron JMB360 chip
| <!--Gfx-->1 pci-e and 1 agp
| <!--Audio-->AC97 with ALC850 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8201CL PHY ULi 10/100
| <!--Opinion-->64bit pci-e and agp combo on board - 4 ddr slots -
|}
=====Socket AM2 (2006/8) and AM2+ (2007-2010) =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M61PME-S2 (rev. 2.x)
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA® GeForce 6100 / nForce 430 chipset
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d for vga}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio Realtek ALC662 Audio Codec}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M2N61-AR mini itx
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA nForce 430
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1
| <!--SATA-->2
| <!--Gfx-->GeForce 6150SE via vga or 1 pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec
| <!--USB-->Nvidia
| <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia
| <!--Opinion-->2006 32bit - 1 pci - 2 ddr2 dimm slots non-eec -
|-
| <!--Name-->asus m2n68-am se2
| <!--Chipset-->nvidia 630a 630/a MCP68SE
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 ports
| <!--SATA-->2 ports MCP61 chipset is SATA over IDE, not SATA over AHCI and reports subsystem as 0x1 IDE, not 0x6 SATA
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|nvidia 7025 2d and 3d thru vga}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|hd audio with realtek alc662 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|nForce chipset RTL 8201CP}}
| <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit Phenom IIX2, Athlon 64 LE X2, Sempron, and Phenom FX processors - ddr2 667Mhz ram max 4Gb -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 (rev. 1.0)
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 770 with SB700
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888 codec }}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 8111C later 8111D}}
| <!--Opinion-->Good support for AM2+ / AM2 with 4 ddr2 ram - 4 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI slots - firewire T.I. TSB43AB23 chip no support -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M3A32-MVP Deluxe
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 790FX RD790 + SB600
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{No|Marvell 88SE6121 SATA II}}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 1.1 support
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio ADI® AD1988}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8056}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASROCK N68-S N68C-S
| <!--Chipset-->AMD based nForce 630a
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|slimline DVD drive works}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GF 7025 use vesa}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio for VIA 1708S VT1705}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe|echi usb 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8201EL / 8201CL - nforce}}
| <!--Opinion-->2008 unbuffered 1066Mhz ddr2 ram - N68C-S may need noacpi added to grub boot line to disable pci temporarily to run as it cannot get to [PCI] Everything OK -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M2N68-AM Plus
| <!--Chipset-->Athlon 64, Sempron, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX with nvidia 630a
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->no vga, pci-e slot only
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with ALC662 codec}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8211CL Gigabit LAN}}
| <!--Opinion-->adding "noacpi noapic noioapic" to the GRUB options - Dual channel DDR2 1066, 800, 667 MHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M68M-S2 (1.0) S2P (2.3) S2L GA-M68SM-S2 (1.x)
| <!--Chipset-->nForce 630a chipset
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025, vga (s2 and s2p), dvi (s2l)
| <!--Audio-->ALC883 (S2), ALC888B (S2P), ALC662 (S2L),
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8201CL (S2), 8211CL (S2P), 8211BL (S2L),
| <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit possible with AMD AM2+ CPU on AM2 motherboard, the system bus speed will downgrade from HT3.0(5200MHz) to HT1.0(2000 MT/s) spec
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS M2N68-VM
| <!--Chipset-->nForce 630a (MCP68PVNT)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Nvidia GeForce ® 7050PV hdmi, dvi and vga
| <!--Audio-->HD audio VIA 1708B codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8211C
| <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit - ddr2 800Mhz
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket AM3 White socket (2010/11)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-MA74GM-S2 GA-MA74GM-S2H
| <!--Chipset-->740g with sb710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|bios IDE}}
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 2100 and pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->ALC888 (r1.x),ALC888b (r2.0), ALC888B (rev4.x)
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8111C later 8111D
| <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit - 2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets max 8 GB - Micro ATX Form Factor 24.4cm x 23.4cm -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.vesalia.de/e_aresone2011.htm Aresone 2011]
| <!--Chipset-->760g
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|no Radeon HD3000 driver yet<br>vesa driver works<br>and add PCIe card}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes}}
| <!--Opinion-->Good support - 4 DDR3 memory sockets -
|-
| <!--Name-->Foxconn A76ML-K 3.0
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 760g rev3.0
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes|1 }}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|4 in IDE mode }}
| <!--Gfx-->HD3000 with pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC662-GR codec
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111E
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 2 pci slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->GA-MA770T-UD3P (rev. 1.0 to 1.4)
| <!--Chipset-->amd 770 with sb710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|4 sata}}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio with Realtek ALC888 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8168 rtl8111c/d}}
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64 - 4 ddr3 dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 (rev. 2.0 2.1)
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 770 with SB700
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888 codec }}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 8111C later 8111D}}
| <!--Opinion-->Good support for AM3 with 4 ddr2 ram - 4 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI slots - firewire T.I. TSB43AB23 chip no support -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M4A785TD-M PRO
| <!--Chipset-->785G and SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|ide legacy}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ATI Radeon HD 4200 - use vesa}} or pci-e 2.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Opinion-->Good support with 1366 ddr3 ram -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS M4A88T-I Deluxe ITX
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 880G with AMD SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->Three SATA 3Gbps
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 4350 GPU with HDMI and DVI or One 16x PCI-Express 2.0
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC889
| <!--USB-->6 x USB 2, 2 x USB 3
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek RTL8112L}}
| <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit - 2 SODIMM DDR3 slots max 8GB
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M4A88T-M Version E5907 E5826
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 880G SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Radeon 4250
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA VT 1708S codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek rtl8169 8111E
| <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->GigaByte 890GPA-UD3H
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 890GX together with SB850
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->Yes
| <!--Gfx-->use pci-e nvidia
| <!--Audio-->Maybe - ALC892 rev. 1.0, ALC892 rev 2.1, ALC889 rev. 3.1
| <!--USB-->Yes
| <!--Ethernet-->Yes
| <!--Opinion-->works well overall
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-890FXA-UD7
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 890FX with SB850
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE }}
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC889 (rev 2.x)
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|AMD USB2 but limited with NEC D720200F1 USB3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->2 x Realtek 8111D
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - XL-ATX Form Factor 32.5cm x 24.4cm - 4 ddr3 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI 890GXM-G65
| <!--Chipset-->890GX + SB750
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|legacy}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ATI 4290 built-in (vesa)}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC889 DD GR}} HD Audio crackles
| <!--USB-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock N68-VS3 FX
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 / nForce 630a
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 Sata2
| <!--Gfx-->Integrated NVIDIA® GeForce 7025
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA® VT1705 Codec
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek PHY RTL8201EL
| <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit - 2 x DDR3 DIMM slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI GF615M-P35 MS-7597
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA® nForce 430
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->GeForce 6150SE
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC888S}}
| <!--USB-->{{No|freezes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 8211CL}}
| <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M68MT-S2
| <!--Chipset--> nForce 630a
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 vga
| <!--Audio-->ALC888B (1.3), ACL887 (3.1),
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL8211CL (all)
| <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit possible, AMD AM3 CPU on this motherboard, the system bus speed will downgrade from HT3.0 (5200MT/s) to HT1.0 (2000 MT/s) spec
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M68MT-S2P
| <!--Chipset--> nForce 630a
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 vga
| <!--Audio-->ALC888B (1.x 2.x), ALC889 (3.0), ALC888B/889 (3.1),
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL8211CL (all)
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M4N78 PRO
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA GeForce 8300
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 xUltraDMA 133/100
| <!--SATA-->6 xSATA 3 Gbit/s ports
| <!--Gfx-->Integrated NVIDIA® GeForce® 8 series GPU with 1 PCIe 2.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA1708S 8 -Channel codec
| <!--USB-->12 USB 2.0 ports (8 ports at mid-board, 4 ports at back panel)
| <!--Ethernet-->NVIDIA Gigabit
| <!--Opinion-->4 x DIMM, Max. 16 GB, DDR2 1200(O.C.)/1066*/800/667 ECC,Non-ECC,Un-buffered Memory - ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 9.6 inch ( 30.5 cm x 24.4 cm ) -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
=====Socket AM3+ Black socket (2012/15)=====
*095W FX-6300 FD6300WMHKBOX (bulldozer SSE4.1 AVX) 970 mobos with FX-8320E 8core Black Editions FD832EWMHKBOX FX-8370E (Vishera/Piledriver)
*125W FX-6310 (bulldozer) 970 mobos with FX-8320 FX-8350 FX-8370 (Vishera/Piledriver)
*220W 990FX mobos with FX-9000 FX-9370 FX-9590
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS M5A78L-M LX3
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 760G with SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|bios IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx-->HD3000 with pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC887, V? ALC892 codecs
| <!--USB-->USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros 8161/8171 add realtek 8111? pci-e card}}
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - uATX Form Factor 9.6 inch x 7.4 inch ( 24.4 cm x 18.8 cm ) - 2 x DIMM, Max. 16GB, DDR3 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-78LMT-S2P
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 760G and SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|6 SATA2 ports}}
| <!--Gfx-->GT240 and a nv7900gs, both pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC889 (r3.1), ALC??? (rev. 4.0), ALC887 (r5.x)}}
| <!--USB-->4 USB2
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek 8111E (r3.1), Atheros (rev4.0), Atheros (r5.x) }}
| <!--Opinion-->2012 offers very poor control over its EFI vs. BIOS booting partition features
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-78LMT-USB3 (r3.0), (r4.1 Blue board), (r5.0 dark board), (rev6 dark mobo)
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 760G and SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|Bios IDE mode for SATA2 on early ones}}
| <!--Gfx-->AMD HD3000, pci-e GT240 and a nv7900gs
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC??? (r3.0), ALC887 (r4.1), VIA VT2021 (r5.0), Realtek® ALC892 codec (rev6) }}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|AMD USB2 but not VIA® VL805 USB3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE
| <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit - Micro ATX Form Factor 24.4cm x 24.4cm - 4 x DDR3 DIMM sockets -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI 760GM
| <!--Chipset-->ATI 760G plus SB710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->HD3000 Use Vesa
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|P33 VT1705; P34, P21 and P23 (FX) MS7641 v3.0 ALC887, E51 ALC892}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}}
| <!--Opinion-->P23 issues with audio ALC887 crackles thru earphones -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigayte GA-MA770T-UD3P (rev. 3.1)
| <!--Chipset-->amd 770 with sb710
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio with Realtek ALC888/892 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111d/e
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock 890FX Deluxe5 Extreme3
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 890FX + AMD SB850 or SB950 (Extreme3)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC892}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8111E rtl8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M5A97 R2.0 EVO
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 970 and SB950
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->Asmedia SATA Controller
| <!--Gfx-->n/a
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC887 (LE), ALC887 (Regular), ALC892 (EVO) codec
| <!--USB-->4 USB 2.0 and 2 Asmedia USB3.0 Controller
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111F
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-970A-D3
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 970 with SB950
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE mode}}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio--> ALC??? (rev. 1.0/1.1), ALC887 (rev1.2), VIA VT2021 codec (rev 1.3 1.4 and rev3.0)
| <!--USB-->{{yes|AMD USB2 but not Etron EJ168 chip (USB3)}}
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE 8111E (all revisions),
| <!--Opinion-->2015 64bit - ATX Form Factor 30.5cm x 22.4cm - 4 x 1.5V DDR3 DIMM sockets -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI 970 Gaming
| <!--Chipset-->970FX SB950
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC1150 Codec
| <!--USB-->6 usb2 with 2 USB3 VIA VL806 Chipset
| <!--Ethernet-->Killer E2205 Gigabit LAN
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus M5A99X EVO
| <!--Chipset-->990X - RD980 with SB920
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->2 pci-e gen ?
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC892 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 realtek 8111e
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-990XA-UD3
| <!--Chipset-->AMD 990 with SB950
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC889 (rev 1.x, 3.0, 3.1),
| <!--USB-->{{yes|AMD USB2 not 2 x Etron EJ168 chips for USB3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->realtek rtl8169 8111e
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - ATX Form Factor; 30.5cm x 24.4cm - 4 ddr3 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====AMD Fusion (2011/14)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| 1.2GHz single Bobcat Fusion C30 + Hudson M1
| ACPI
| IDE
| SATA
| AMD 6250
| Audio
| USB
| Ethernet
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| Asus E35M1-M PRO uATX
| 1.6GHz 18W AMD Fusion E-350 dual core + Hudson M1
| ACPI
| {{N/A}}
| SATA
| AMD 6310 - no HD driver yet
| ALC887 VD2
| USB
| RTL8111E
| 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - EFI bios [http://www.anandtech.com/show/4023/the-brazos-performance-preview-amd-e350-benchmarked]
|-
| Asus E35M1-I Deluxe miniITX
| 1.6GHz dual AMD Fusion E350 + Hudson M1 + DDR3
| ACPI
| {{N/A}}
| SATA
| AMD 6310 - no HD driver yet
| ALC892
| USB
| Realtek 8111E
| 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - no support for Atheros AR5008 on a Mini PCI-E
|-
| ASRock E350M1 / USB3 (also version with USB3.0 added)
| 1.6GHz dual AMD Fusion E350 + Hudson M1
| ACPI
| {{N/A}}
| SATA - 4 SATA3
| {{Maybe|AMD 6310 - use vesa with hdmi and dvi}}
| {{Yes|Audio ALC892 playback but no HDMI output}}
| USB - 4 USB2.0 and 2 USB3.0
| {{Yes|rtl8169 for Realtek 8111E 8411 ethernet chipset}}
| 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-E350N-USB3 mini-ITX
| <!--Chipset--> Hudson M1 FCH
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 SATA3
| <!--Gfx--> plus HDMI, DVI
| <!--Audio-->ALC892
| <!--USB-->2 NEC USB3.0 with 4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-E350N Win8 V1.0
| <!--Chipset-->Hudson M1 FCH A45
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 SATA3
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Use VESA - AMD 6310 plus HDMI, DVI}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC887 playback through headphones but not thru hdmi}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe|4 USB2.0 needs more testing}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8111 8168B}}
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - works well but need to test with sata hard disk
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI E350IA-E45
| <!--Chipset-->e-350 + Hudson M1 + DDR3
| <!--ACPI-->no support
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 Sata3 ports
| <!--Gfx-->AMD 6310 gpu
| <!--Audio-->ALC HDA
| <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 and 2 USB3.0 through NEC 720200 chipset
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS E45M1-M PRO
| <!--Chipset-->E450 APU with Hudson M1
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC887
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS E45M1-I Deluxe
| <!--Chipset-->E-450 together
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket FM1 (2011/13)=====
On board Graphic on CPU - HD6410D, HD6530D, HD6550D,
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS F1A55-M LE
| <!--Chipset--> with AMD A55 FCH (Hudson D2)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->6 x SATA 3Gbit/s port(s), blue Support Raid 0, 1, 10, JBOD
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 2.0 slot or Integrated AMD Radeon™ HD 6000 in Llano APU
| <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC887 Audio CODEC
| <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 ports
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E rtl8169
| <!--Opinion-->2012 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - A-Series/E2- Series APUs up to 4 cores - 2 x DIMM, Max. 32GB, DDR3 2250(O.C.)/1866/1600/1333/1066 MHz Non-ECC, Un-buffered Memory Dual Channel Memory Architecture -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket FM2 White Socket (2012/13)=====
Onboard Gfx on CPU - HD6570, HD7480D, HD7540D,
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->A75 A85X
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket FM2 Plus Black socket (2013/15)=====
Onboard Gfx on CPU - HD6570, HD7480D, HD7540D,
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->A88X
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket AM1 FS1b socket (2014/1x)=====
5350 4 core Jaguar cores 2GHz with Integrated AMD Radeon R Series Graphics in the APU Kabini [Radeon HD 8400]
Later Beema APU with 2/4 core Puma (slightly updated Jaguar) cores, GCN graphics and a compute capable Radeon core, along with a brand new AMD security processor and FT3 BGA packaging (probably best avoided for long term survival).
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS AM1I-A
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek® ALC887-VD
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111GR 8168
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit may support AVX or SSE 4.1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI AM1I
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC887
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111G
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI AM1M
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC887
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111G
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->BGA FT3 AM1x
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket AM4 FM3 Summit Ridge Zen Zen+ (2016/22)=====
Jim Keller’s group designed x86 Zen CPU - new and covering the same AM4 platform/socket for desktop
Zen will also shift from Bulldozer’s Clustered Multithreading (CMT) to Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT, aka Intel’s Hyperthreading). CMT is the basis for Bulldozer’s unusual combination of multiple integer cores sharing a single FPU within a module, so the move to SMT is a more “traditional” design for improving resource usage
Trusted Platform Module, or fTPM, that Windows 11 requires. Ryzen processors using a firmware TPM are causing stutters, even when doing mundane tasks. To enable TPM 2.0 on your AMD system please follow the steps below.
<pre>
Power on system and press DEL or F2 to get into the BIOS.
Navigate to Advanced\CPU Configuration.
Enable AMD fTPM switch.
Press F10 to save changes.
</pre>
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG Crosshair VI Hero
| <!--Chipset-->X370
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0 (1x16 or 2x8)
| <!--Audio-->SupremeFX audio features an S1220 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel I211
| <!--Opinion-->Ryzen 7 1800X 1700X
|-
| <!--Name-->Biostar X370gtn Itx Am4
| <!--Chipset-->AMD X370
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek Dragon LAN RTL8118AS
| <!--Opinion--> 2 ddr4 slots
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-AX370 K7
| <!--Chipset--> X370
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with 2 x Realtek® ALC1220 codec 0x10EC, 0x0295
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->1 intel and 1 E2500
| <!--Opinion--> 4 ddr4 slots
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI Xpower Gaming Titanium
| <!--Chipset--> X370
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->8-channel Realtek 1220 Codec 0x10EC, 0x0295
| <!--USB-->ASMedia® ASM2142 and amd cpu
| <!--Ethernet-->1 x Intel® I211AT Gigabit LAN
| <!--Opinion--> 2 ddr4 slots
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus Prime B350 Plus ATX
| <!--Chipset-->B350
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx--> x PCIe 3.0/2.0 x16 (x16 mode)
| <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC887 8-Channel
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® RTL8111H
| <!--Opinion-->Ryzen 5 1600x 1600 1500X 1400 - 4 x DIMM Max 64GB, DDR4 up to 2666MHz ECC and non-ECC Memory - ATX 12 inch x 9.35 inch ( 30.5 cm x 23.7 cm ) - 2 pci
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus PRIME B350M-A/CSM Micro ATX
| <!--Chipset-->AMD B350
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio with
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek LAN
| <!--Opinion-->Ryzen 3 1300x 1200 1100
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock Pro4 AB350
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe 3.0 x16, 4 PCIe 2.0 x1
| <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock AB350 Gaming-ITX/ac
| <!--Chipset--> B350
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI B350 Tomahawk Arctic Mortar
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->1 x PCIe 3.0 x16 (x16 mode)
| <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111H
| <!--Opinion-->white and grey colours - 2 pci-e and 2 pci slots - m.2 in middle - atx 12 in by 9.6 in and matx versions -
|-
| <!--Name-->Jginyue M-ATX B350M-TI
| <!--Chipset-->B350
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Jginyue B350I-Plus ITX
| <!--Chipset-->B350
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock A320M-ITX MINI ITX Rev1.0 Rev2 Rev2.1
| <!--Chipset-->A320
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2018
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus PRIME A320M-C R2.0 rev1.1 A320M-K
| <!--Chipset-->A320 A/B300 SFF
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with Realtek ALC887 alc897 CODEC
| <!--USB-->2 usb 3.1 gen 1
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E
| <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit - 3rd/2nd/1st Gen AMD Ryzen™ / 2nd and 1st Gen AMD Ryzen™ with Radeon™ Vega
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI A320M-A PRO MicroATX
| <!--Chipset-->AMD A320
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio Realtek® ALC892
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 8111H
| <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG X399 Zenith Extreme
| <!--Chipset-->AMD X399
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio--> supremefx s1220
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel
| <!--Opinion-->Threadripper 1950X 1920X 1900X TR4 skt
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock Fatality X470 Gaming K4 mATX
| <!--Chipset-->X470
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e rebar possible
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asrock Fatal1ty X470 Gaming-ITXac AMD AM4
| <!--Chipset-->AMD X470
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS ROG STRIX X470-I GAMING AM4 ITX Motherboard
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus B450-I Gaming
| <!--Chipset-->AMD B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->high VRM temps - raven ridge 14nm+ like 2200G 2400G
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock B450 Gaming K4
| <!--Chipset-->B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> alc892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> 4 ddr4 slots - low VRM thermals 3900x 3950x
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte B450 I Aorus Pro Wifi
| <!--Chipset-->AMD B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->1 nvme pcie3 with 4 sata
| <!--Gfx-->pcie
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek® ALC1220-VB codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN
| <!--Opinion-->very high vrm temps
|-
| <!--Name-->Jginyue B450i Gaming ITX
| <!--Chipset-->B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata3 - none nvme
| <!--Gfx-->pcie3
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->1G
| <!--Opinion-->2021 64 2nd 3rd AMD - 2 ddr4 dimm slots
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI b450 tomahawk max
| <!--Chipset--> b450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{n/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HD audio with Realtek® ALC892 Codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111H
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI B450 Pro Carbon
| <!--Chipset-->B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> ALC codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI B450-A PRO
| <!--Chipset-->B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111h
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI B450I GAMING Plus AC ITX
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2019 - 2nd and 3rd gen AMD - 2 ddr4 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI B450 GAMING PLUS MAX
| <!--Chipset-->B450
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek® ALC892/ALC897 Codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111H
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MAXSUN AMD Challenger B450M M-ATX (aka Soyo)
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock X570 PHANTOM GAMING-ITX/TB3 Mini ITX AM4
| <!--Chipset-->X570
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->nvme
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 4.0
| <!--Audio--> ALC1200
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG Crosshair VIII Dark Hero
| <!--Chipset-->AMD X570
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> SupremeFX7.1 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel® I211-AT and Realtek® RTL8125-CG 2.5G LAN
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG Strix X570-I Gaming Mini ITX AM4 Motherboard
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI MPG X570 Gaming Plus
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> alc1220 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG Strix B550-i AM4 ITX Motherboard
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2022 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Jginyue Jingyue B550i Gaming itx
| <!--Chipset-->B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->3 with 1 nvme
| <!--Gfx-->1 pci-e 4
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio alc
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->1G
| <!--Comments-->2022 64bit max of Ryzen 5500 (c t), 5600, 5600g (6c12t) - 2 ddr4
|-
| <!--Name-->Asrock B550 PHANTOM GAMING ITX/AX
| <!--Chipset-->AMD B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> alc1220
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel 2.5G
| <!--Comments-->
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock B550M-ITX/ac
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio--> Realtek ALC887/897 Audio Codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek Gigabit LAN
| <!--Opinion-->2022 - 2 ddr4 slots
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG STRIX B550-A GAMING
| <!--Chipset-->B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->PCIe Gen4 x4 & SATA3
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 4
| <!--Audio--> supremefx S1220A
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel® I225-V 2.5Gb
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte AMD B550I AORUS PRO AX Mini-ITX rev 1.0
| <!--Chipset-->AMD B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 nvme pci-e3 with 4 sata3
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC1220-VB codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 2.5GbE LAN
| <!--Opinion-->2021 2 x DDR4 DIMM sockets 1Rx8/2Rx8/1Rx16 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte B550 AORUS ELITE AX V2 ATX
| <!--Chipset-->B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0 DP and hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC1200
| <!--USB-->USB3 USB 3.2 Gen1 Type-C
| <!--Ethernet-->2.5GbE LAN
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit- finer tuning than A520's - AMD Ryzen 5000 Series/ 3rd Gen Ryzen and 3rd Gen Ryzen with Radeon Graphics CPU - Dual Channel ECC/ Non-ECC Unbuffered DDR4, 4 DIMMs -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte B550M DS3H mATX
| <!--Chipset--> B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio ALC887
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->realtek rtl8118
| <!--Opinion-->2021 64bit - 4 ddr4 dimms -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI MPG B550 GAMING PLUS ATX
| <!--Chipset--> B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC892
| <!--USB-->USB 3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8111H
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Processors - 4 dimm ddr4 -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI MAG B550 TOMAHAWK ATX
| <!--Chipset--> B550
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (up to Type 22110) and 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (Type 2242/2260/2280)
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0 with dp and hdmi
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio ALC1200
| <!--USB-->USB3 1 x USB 3.1 Type-C and 1 x USB 3.1 Type-A
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8125B and Realtek RTL8111H
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - 4 Dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Jginyue A520M-H mATX
| <!--Chipset-->A520
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> old bios with random issues with APU ryzens -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte A520M S2H mATX
| <!--Chipset-->AMD A520
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 1GbE
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit Zen3 65W and up - 2 ddr4 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte A520I AC mITX mini-itx
| <!--Chipset-->AMD A520
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit Zen3 65W and up 5600G (6c12t) or 5700G (8c16t) - 2 ddr4 dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI A520M-A PRO mATX
| <!--Chipset-->A520
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (Type 2242/2260/2280)
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 3.0
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC892
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111H
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - 2 ddr4 dimm slots - 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Desktop and AMD Ryzen 4000 G-Series CPU
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
===== (Socket AM5 LGA1718 Zen4 Zen5 Zen6 2022/27)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asrock Steel Legend
| <!--Chipset-->x670e
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e rnda2
| <!--Audio-->HD audio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - ddr5 ecc (10 chip) and non-ecc (8 chips) 64Gb @ 6000Mhz or 128GB @ 4800Mhz -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asrock TaiChi
| <!--Chipset-->x670e
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-e rnda2
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio
| <!--USB-->USB4 with Thunderbolt 4 equivalent
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek killer E3000 2.5GbE}}
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - ddr5 ecc (10 chip) and non-ecc (8 chips)
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus ROG Crosshair Hero
| <!--Chipset-->x670e
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe rnda2
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x670e
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->rnda3
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit 7950x3d 120W, 7900 7800 7600 90W
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x670e
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->rnda3
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus B650E-I
| <!--Chipset-->B650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 5
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2023 - better sound with an actual AMP, PCIe 5, USB-C display outs -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x650 B650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x650 B650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x650 B650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MAXSUN AMD Challenger B650M WIFI M-ATX (aka Soyo)
| <!--Chipset-->B650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI b650i mini itx
| <!--Chipset-->B650
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->NVMe
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 4
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Opinion-->2023 - front panel connectors at the back of the board - dead rear nvme slot and a drained CMOS battery as the CMOS button being pressed during shipping -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->A620M Zen4
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->A620M
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->A620M
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->A620M
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset--> Zen5
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset--> Zen6
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--ACPI--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Opinion-->2026 FP8 Zen 6 Medusa Point 4bigC, 4 econC, 2lpC, 8coreGPU -
|-
| <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--ACPI--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Opinion-->2026 FP10 Zen 6 Medusa Point 4bigC, 4 econC, 2lpC, 8coreGPU -
|-
|}
===== (Zen7 AM6 2027/3x)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
===== (Zen AM 203x/3x)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
====Intel Sockets====
[[#top|...to the top]]
=====Socket 370 (2000/2)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Intel D815EEA
| <!--Chipset-->866Mhz P3 and i815 chipset
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia AGPx8 6200LE added}}
| <!--Audio-->{{N/A}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|2 USB1.1}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Opinion-->Tested AspireOS 1.7, simple basic board with useful 5 PCI slots
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
=====Socket 478 (2002/4)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://detail.zol.com.cn/motherboard/index46381.shtml&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dc.865pe.l%2Bmotherboard%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DsZB%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official Colorful Technology C.865PE-L Silver Fighter Warrior V2.3]
| <!--Chipset-->865PE
| <!--ACPI-->{{dunno| }}
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes|tested with CDROM}}
| <!--SATA-->{{dunno| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|AGP slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|ALC650 AC97}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 1.1 and 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8100 8139}}
| <!--Opinion-->Still testing with NB (Nightly Build) May 2013
|-
| <!--Name-->Intel 845
| <!--Chipset-->865P
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{No|intel 800}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 AD1985}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|e1000}}
| <!--Opinion-->Tested ICAROS 1.3
|-
| <!--Name-->Intel 845
| <!--Chipset-->865GC
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{No|intel 865 Extreme Graphics 2}}
| <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 AD1985}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|e1000}}
| <!--Opinion-->Tested ICAROS 1.3
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA775 s775 (2005/8)=====
an industry standard DDR2 module could in theory contain fallback JEDEC, intel XMP and AMD EPP configuration data
Intel PC CL5 ram modules but an "AMD" CL5 ram module the BIOS cannot read the AMD EPP info on the SPD (Serial Presence Detect) but can recognize the CL5 timing info in the JEDEC data table. PC BIOS auto configures for the AMD ram module and boots normally.
an AMD PC CL6 ram modules but an "INTEL" CL6 ram module the BIOS cannot read the INTEL XMP info on the SPD but can recognize the CL6 timing info in JEDEC data table. PC BIOS auto configures for the AMD ram module and boots normally.
an INTEL PC needs CL6 ram modules but have an "AMD" CL4 ram module. INTEL BIOS cannot read the AMD EPP info on the SPD but can recognize the CL4 timing info in JEDEC data table. PC BIOS recognizes module timings as incompatible an refuses to boot.
entirely separate issue if the RAM module timing specs are incompatible.(i.e. CL4 RAM in a "CL6 only" PC)
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Abit AG8
| <!--Chipset-->P915 + ICH6R
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 ports SATA1
| <!--Gfx-->1 PCIe x16 Slot
| <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC658 AC97
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8110S-32
| <!--Opinion-->2004 32bit - Firewire TI 4200R7T no
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI 915 Neo2
| <!--Chipset-->P915 + ICH6R
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 ports SATA1
| <!--Gfx-->1 PCIe x16 Slot
| <!--Audio-->CMI 9880L HD Audio
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcomm BCM5751 PCIe}}
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire VIA VT6306 no
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P5GC P5GC-MX
| <!--Chipset-->P945GC Lakeport-GC + ICH7R northbridge
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 3.0 Gbit/s ports
| <!--Gfx-->1 PCIe 1.1 slot
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC662 codec
| <!--USB-->{{yes|2 usb2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|atheros L2}}
| <!--Opinion-->2005 32bit - 3 pci slots - 4 x 240-pin DIMM Sockets max. 4GB DDR2 667/533 non-ECC -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Foxconn PC45CM-SA 45CM-S
| <!--Chipset-->945GC with ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 sata2 ports
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|pcie 1.0 slot with gma950 integrated}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with aLC883 codec playback}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|realtek 8139 8100sc}}
| <!--Opinion-->2 dimm slots 667mhz max 4gb - can be found in Advent desktops - 2 pci-e and 2 pci - core 2 duo only e6xxx - Micro ATX (9.6” x 8.8”) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-81945GM MFY-RH
| <!--Chipset-->Intel® 945GM Express with ICH7M-DH
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA950 VGA15 and PCI-e 1.0 slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC880 codec playback only rear port}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 usb 2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO1000PL 82573L Gigabit Ethernet}}
| <!--Opinion-->2006 MoDT term “Mobile on DeskTop.”, low TDP CPUs to work on desktop form-factor motherboards. mATX Micro ATX 24.4cm x 24.4cm - 2 DDR2 dimm 1.8v slots with 4Gb max - will not boot if PCI2 slot occupied -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-945 GCM S2C
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662 (1.x)}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|8101E Rtl 8169 (1.x)}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA945-GCM S2L
| <!--Chipset-->945GC with ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 ports
| <!--Gfx-->PCi-E slot
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with ALC662 codec 2/4/5.1-channel (1.x)}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8111c 8169 (1.x)}}
| <!--Opinion-->2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM 4GB DDR2 memory max - 2 PCI-e and 2 PCI - Micro ATX form factor; 24.4cm x 19.3cm -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI 945P Neo-F rev 1.0
| <!--Chipset-->P945 + ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 ports
| <!--Gfx-->PCie 1.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->ALC662 HDA
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->8110SC (rtl8169)
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI 945P Neo2-F rev 1.2
| <!--Chipset-->P945 + ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 ports
| <!--Gfx-->PCie 1.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->ALC850 AC97
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->8110SC (rtl8169)
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L
| <!--Chipset-->P31 with ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCI Express x16
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC888 codec
| <!--USB-->4 USB 2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111B
| <!--Opinion-->DDR2 800Mhz up to 4Gb 4 x 240 pin - 3 PCI - ATX 12.0" x 8.3" -
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P5KPL-AM /PS
| <!--Chipset-->G31 with ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->4 xSATA 3 Gbit/s ports
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 1.1 with integrated Intel® GMA 3100
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA VT1708B with ALC662 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8102EL 100/10 LAN with Realtek RTL8111C Gigabit LAN
| <!--Opinion-->2 x 2 GB DDR2 Non-ECC,Un-buffered DIMMs with 2 PCI - Intel Graphics Media Accelerator -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P5KPL/EPU
| <!--Chipset-->G31 with ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Pci-e 1.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with ALC887 codec}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8169 Realtek 8111C}}
| <!--Opinion-->Tested - 4 240-pin DIMM, Max. 4 GB - 4 pci-e and 3 pci - ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 8.2 inch ( 30.5 cm x 20.8 cm ) -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G31M ES2L
| <!--Chipset-->G31 plus ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 3100 2d}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC883 (1.x), ALC883/888B (2.x)}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|RTL8111C (1.x), Atheros 8131 (2.x)}}
| <!--Opinion-->reduces DRAM capacity to 4GB
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock G31M-S r1.0 G31M-GS
| <!--Chipset-->G31 + ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|4 sata2}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA 3100 2d not 3d}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{partial|rtl8169 RTL8111DL 8169 (for -GS) RTL8102EL (for -S)}}
| <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit Core2 - 2 DDR2 800 max 8Gig AMI bios MicroATX -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASRock G31M-S r2.0
| <!--Chipset-->G31 + ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|4 sata2}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA 3100 2d not 3d}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL 8111DL 8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit core2 - 2 DDR2 800 max 8Gig MicroATX
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.intel.com/cd/channel/reseller/apac/eng/products/desktop/bdb/dg31pr/feature/index.htm Intel DG31PR]
| <!--Chipset-->iG31
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|3100 but can use PCIe 1.1 slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888 playback}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8111B Rtl 8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->good support
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Intel G33 Express Chipset with ich9 southbridge
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->Intel 3100 powervr tile based
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit - embedded on Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core CPUS with Integrated GPU Intel GMA 3100 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS P5G41T-M LX
| <!--Chipset-->G41 + ICH8 + DDR3
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|X4500 some 2d only)}}
| <!--Audio-->ALC887
| <!--USB-->3 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros L1c AR8131}}
| <!--Opinion-->reduces maximum supported memory ddr3 from 16 to 8GB 2 dimm slots non-EEC - demotes the PCIe controller mode from revision 2.0 (5.0GT/s) to revision 1.1 (2.5GT/s
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G41MT S2
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->VT1708S (1.3), ALC887-VD2 (1.4), ALC887 (2.1),
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Atheros AR8151 l1c (1.x 2.x),
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G41MT S2PT
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC887 (1.0), VIA (2.0), ALC887 (2.1)
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL8111E (1.x), Atheros AR8151 l1c (2.1),
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G41MT D3
| <!--Chipset-->G41 + ICH7
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 Port
| <!--SATA-->4 Ports
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|GMA X4500 2d only and pci-e 1.1 slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888B}}
| <!--USB-->4 ports + headers
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8111 D/E}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-P41T D3P
| <!--Chipset-->G41 + ICH7 with Intel Core 2 Duo (E6xxx) CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4ports
| <!--Gfx-->GMA X4500 2d
| <!--Audio-->ALC888 889/892
| <!--USB-->4 ports
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8111C or D/E
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Intel DG41AN Classic
| <!--Chipset-->iG41 +
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 ports
| <!--Gfx-->X4500 2d
| <!--Audio-->ALC888S ALC888VC
| <!--USB-->4 ports
| <!--Ethernet-->8111E
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->AsRock P5B-DE
| <!--Chipset-->P965 + ICH8
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|works ide legacy}}
|<!--Gfx-->{{Yes|with PCI-E 1.1 slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio via VT1708S}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->2006 works well
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P5B SE
| <!--Chipset-->965 intel
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{N/A}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio ALC662 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }}
| <!--Opinion-->works well except ethernet
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P5W DH Deluxe P5WDG2 WS PRO
| <!--Chipset-->975X
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->2 ports
| <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe x16 slots
| <!--Audio-->ALC882 AND LATER ADI 1988B
| <!--USB-->2 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8052 88E8053}}
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire TI TSB43AB22A no
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Abit IP35
| <!--Chipset-->P35 Express + ICH9R
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->6 ports
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC888 HDA
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->two RTL8110SC
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire Texas TSB43 AB22A no
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI P35 Neo F FL MS-7630 rev 1
| <!--Chipset-->Intel P35
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 1.1 support
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC888
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek
| <!--Opinion-->Base model of this range of P35 mobos
|-
| <!--Name-->GA-P35-DS3
| <!--Chipset-->P35 and ICH9
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->4 ports
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC889A codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8111B
| <!--Opinion-->2008 - 4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets max 8 GB -
|-
| <!--Name-->GA-EP35-DS3 (rev. 2.1)
| <!--Chipset-->Intel® P35 + ICH9 Chipset
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{unk|}}
| <!--SATA-->{{unk|4 }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|Realtek ALC889A codec }}
| <!--USB-->{{yes | }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8111B}}
| <!--Opinion-->good
|-
| <!--Name-->Abit IX38 Quad GT
| <!--Chipset-->X38 / ICH9R Chipset
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->6 ports
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-E 2.0 slot
| <!--Audio--> HD Audio ALC888
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL 8110SC 8169SC
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire Texas TSB 43AB22A no
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte X38-DQ6
| <!--Chipset-->X38 / ICH9R Chipset
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->6 ports
| <!--Gfx-->PCI-E 2.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->ALC889A HDA
| <!--USB-->4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->twin 8111B 8169
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-EP45 DS3 (2008)
| <!--Chipset-->P45 + ICH9 or ICH10
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->6 x SATA 3Gbit/s (SATAII0, SATAII1, SATAII2, SATAII3, SATAII4, SATAII5)
| <!--Gfx-->two PCI-E v2.0 x16 slots support splitting its 16 PCIe 2.0 lanes across two cards at x8 transfers
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC888 or ALC889A codec
| <!--USB-->6 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->2 x Realtek 8111C chips (10/100 /1000 Mbit)
| <!--Opinion-->4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets non-EEC
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI P45 Platinum (2008)
| <!--Chipset-->P45 + ICH9
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->6 sata2 ports
| <!--Gfx-->two PCI-E x16 v2.0 slots
| <!--Audio-->ALC888 HD Audio
| <!--USB-->6 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->G45 +
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->adds Intel’s GMA X4500HD graphics engine to P45 Express features
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->G43 +
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->GMA X4500 2d
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->removes HD video acceleration from the G45’s features
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P5E Deluxe
| <!--Chipset--> X48 with ICH9
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ADI 1988B codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Marvell 88E8001
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->GigaByte GA-X48 DQ6
| <!--Chipset-->X48 plus ICH9R
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->8 ports
| <!--Gfx-->two PCI-E x16 v2.0 slots
| <!--Audio-->ALC889A
| <!--USB-->8 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8111B 8169
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire TSB43AB23 no - ICH9 pairs with Intel’s 3-series (X38, P35, etc.) chipsets, in addition to the X48 Express, but excluding the G35 Express
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte EP43-DS3L and Gigabyte GA-EP43-UD3L
| <!--Chipset-->P43 with ICH10
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->1 port
| <!--SATA-->6 x SATA 3Gbit/s connectors
| <!--Gfx-->1 x PCI Express x16 slot PCI Express 2.0 standard
| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC888 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8111C
| <!--Opinion-->4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets - 4 pcie x1 - 2 pci - ATX Form Factor; 30.5cm x 21.0cm
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev.1.0
| <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA GeForce 7100 nForce 630i
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{Yes|1 port}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|3 ports SATA2}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d GeForce 7100 (vga /hdmi/dvi), 1 PCIe x16 Slot }}
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ALC889A MCP73}}
| <!--USB-->{{Yes|7 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL 8211B MCP73}}
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire Not, tested with Icaros Desktop 2.0.3 MCP73 is a single chip solution in three different versions
|-
| <!--Name-->Nvidia 7150 630i
| <!--Chipset-->intel based nForce 630i (MCP73)
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|ide legacy}}
| <!--GFX-->GF 7150
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD AUDIO ALC883}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|ohci echi}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8201C}}
| <!--Opinion-->being tested
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2.0 x16
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> the MCP73PV or the GeForce 7050/nForce 630i
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->the MCP73S or the GeForce7025/nForce 630i
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->the MCP73V or the GeForce 7025/nForce 610i
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Atom SOC (2008/2x)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->D945CLF
| <!--Chipset-->N230 single core
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|GMA945}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662}} Skt 441
| <!--USB-->{{yes|uhci and ehci}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->works very well
|-
| <!--Name-->[http://www.clusteruk.com iMica D945GCKF2 mobo]
| <!--Chipset-->Intel Atom N330 Dual Core
| <!--ACPI-->wip
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|IDE}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|gma}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD AUDIO}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|uhci ehci}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->D945GSEJT + Morex T1610
| <!--Chipset-->Atom 230 with 945GSE
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|GMA900 vga but issues with DVI output}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio with ALC662 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169 8111DL}}
| <!--Opinion-->small size, runs off 12V
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS AT3N7A-I
| <!--Chipset-->Atom N330 Nvidia ION
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|3 ports legacy IDE}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|nouveau cube cube 2 45 quake 3 }}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with VIA 1708S codec playback}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169 device}}
| <!--Opinion--><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAiJpvu73iw</ref> good but can freeze randomly at times
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->D410PT 45nm pinetrail
| <!--Chipset-->D410 and NM10
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{maybe|ide legacy}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA3150}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC262 or ALC66x odd clicks}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8111DL}}
| <!--Opinion-->some support
|-
| <!--Name-->45nm pinetrail
| <!--Chipset-->D510 and NM10 + GMA3150
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->GMA3150
| <!--Audio-->ALC888B or ALC66x
| <!--USB-->{{yes}}
| <!--Ethernet-->RTL8111DL
| <!--Opinion-->some support
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-D525TUD (rev. 1.0 1.2 1.5)
| <!--Chipset-->D525 NM10
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->gma 3150
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC887
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111f
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64 - 2 ddr3 dimm slots max 8g - Mini-ITX Form Factor; 17.0cm x 17.0cm -
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
|}
=====Socket 1366 (2009/10)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P6T DELUXE
| <!--Chipset-->x58 + ICH10 and Intel 1st gen. (Nehalem/Lynnfield) Core i7 (8xx) CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes|1 port}}
| <!--SATA-->4 ports
| <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe x16 (r2.0) slots
| <!--Audio-->ADI AD2000B HD Audio
| <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Marvell 88E8056 Gigabit}}
| <!--Opinion-->Firewire VIA VT6308 no
|-
| <!--Name-->gigabyte ex58 ds
| <!--Chipset--> x58 + ICH10
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111D rtl8169
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket 1156 (2010)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Acer Aspire M3910
| <!--Chipset-->i3
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{unk| }}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA intel HD}}
| <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek ALC}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk| Realtek}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H55M-S2H
| <!--Chipset-->H55
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe slot
| <!--Audio-->{{Yes|ALCxxx playback}} ALC888B (Rev1.x)
| <!--USB-->{{Yes| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8111D}} (Rev 1.x)
| <!--Opinion-->Tested but no support for WLAN Realtek 8188su
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI H55M-E33 v1.0
| <!--Chipset-->E7636 M7636 H55 chipset so older i3/i5/i7 system
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio ALC889}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|PCI-E Realtek 8111DL}}
| <!--Opinion-->Works well
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P7P55D
| <!--Chipset-->P55
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{unk| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{unk| }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe | via codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe |rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111B/C RTL8112L }}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA 1155 H2 (2010/13)=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS P8H61-I LX R2.0
| <!--Chipset-->H61
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata
| <!--Gfx-->1 pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111f
| <!--Opinion-->2013 - up to ivybridge cpus - 2 ddr3 dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P8H61-I/RM/SI mini-itx
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 sata
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64 up to i3-2010 - OEM board from an RM machine but not ivybridge as the Asus BIOS isn't compatible with these, 0909 hacked one might work -
|-
| <!--Name-->asus p8h61-i lx r2.0/rm/si mini itx
| <!--Chipset-->h61
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2.0
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio with VIA codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111e
| <!--Opinion-->2012 sandy and ivy - oem from rm machine 2 x 240-Pin DDR3 DIMM sockets max DDR3 1333MHz -
|-
| <!--Name-->Bewinner 63q9c7omvs V301 ITX
| <!--Chipset-->H61
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata with nvme
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 4
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8106E 100M Network Card
| <!--Opinion-->2022 64
|-
| <!--Name-->Biostar H61 H61MHV2 H61MHV3 Ver. 7.0
| <!--Chipset-->H61 with Intel Pentium G 2xxx series CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC662 later ALC897
| <!--USB-->4 usb2
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H
| <!--Opinion-->2014 - 2 ddr3 dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H61M-D2-B3
| <!--Chipset-->H61 + Sandybridge
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 ports sata2
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->ALC889
| <!--USB-->2 ports
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H61MA-D3V
| <!--Chipset-->H61 +
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 ports sata2
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Maybe No Realtek ALC887 (Rev 2.0) ALC887 (Rev2.1)
| <!--USB-->2 ports
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->GA-H61M-S2PV
| <!--Chipset-->H61 with 2400k 2500k 2600k 2700k
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2.0 slot
| <!--Audio-->ALC887 (rev 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3)
| <!--USB-->4 USB 2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Rtl811E (1.0) 8151 (2.0) Rtl8111F (2.1 2.2 2.3)
| <!--Opinion-->Micro ATX Form Factor; 24.4cm x 20cm with 2 pci-e and 2 pci -
|-
| <!--Name-->Intel Classic Series DH61CR Desktop
| <!--Chipset-->H61 +
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 ports
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC892
| <!--USB-->4 ports
| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82579V}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI H61M-P20 (G3) MS-7788
*retail MSI board
*OEM Advent, etc
| <!--Chipset-->H61
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|four SATAII ports}}
| <!--Gfx-->1 PCI Express gen3 (retail) gen2 (oem) x16 slot
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio ALC887 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8105E 100M Network Card}}
| <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 22.6cm(L) x 17.3cm(W) M-ATX Form Factor - BIOS - [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&rowstart=140&pid=6009#post_6007 works well],
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI H61I-E35 (B3) MS-7677 Ver.1.2
| <!--Chipset-->H61
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d for hdmi}}
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&rowstart=140&pid=5861#post_5861 works}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P8H67-M
| <!--Chipset-->H67 +
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 sata3 - 4 sata2
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC887
| <!--USB-->6 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 8111E
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus P8Z68-V LX
| <!--Chipset-->Z68 + Intel 2nd generation (Sandy Bridge) Core i7 (2xxx) CPU and possibly ivybridgev
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|2 sata3 - 4 sata2}}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio Intel HD with ALC887 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{yes|2 USB3.0 - 4 USB2.0}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek® 8111E}}
| <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit SSE 4.1 and AVX - EFI bios - 4 ddr3 dimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte Z68AP-D3 (B3)
| <!--Chipset-->Z68 + Ivybridge
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 sata3 - 4 sata2
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC889
| <!--USB-->2 USB3.0 - 4 USB2.0
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 8111E
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus B75M-A
| <!--Chipset-->B75
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ® ALC887-VD codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek ® 8111F-VB-CG }}
| <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->H77
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H77-D3H 1.0 1.1
| <!--Chipset-->H77
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata 3.0
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio VIA VT2021 codec}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros GbE LAN chip}}
| <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit i5 3550 7 3770 - 4 DDR3 slots - 2 full pci-e 2 pci slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA Z77 D3H with i3 3225 dual
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio VIA VT2021 codec}}
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros GbE LAN chip}}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA 1150 H3 (2013/2016)=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->[https://theretroweb.com/motherboards/s/asus-b85m-e-rev-1-02 Asus B85M-E]
| <!--Chipset-->B85
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{yes| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ® ALC887-VD2 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{no| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8111F}}
| <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit - 4 ddr3 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H87N-WIFI mITX
| <!--Chipset-->H87 and Intel 4th generation (Haswell) Core i5 (4xxx) CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Intel Atheros
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus H81M-C H81M-P-SI
| <!--Chipset-->H81 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 (4xxx) CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2x3g 2x6g
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e slot
| <!--Audio-->hdaudio alc887 vd
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8111gr
| <!--Opinion-->2013 skt 1150 - 2 ddr3 max 16g - mini atx -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus H81T
| <!--Chipset-->H81
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 sata
| <!--Gfx-->HD4000 igpu only
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC887-VD
| <!--USB-->Intel USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 realtek 8111G
| <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit intel 4th gen mini itx - external dc brick with 19v rare barrel pin 7.4MM x 5.0MM - 2 ddr3 laptop sodimm slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H81M-S2V
| <!--Chipset-->H81
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC887
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® GbE LAN chip
| <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit up to i7 4790K - 2 DDR3 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H81M-D3V (rev. 1.0)
| <!--Chipset-->H81
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }}
| <!--SATA-->{{yes|2 sata2 2 sata3 }}
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->{{unk| HDAudio Realtek® ALC887 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{unk|intel and VIA® VL805}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|rtl8169 Realtek }}
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI H81M-E34 (MS-7817)
| <!--Chipset-->H81
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->{{yes| }}
| <!--Gfx-->PCIe 2.0 x16
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC887 codec
| <!--USB-->USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8111G}}
| <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus Z87-K
| <!--Chipset-->Z87 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 4c8t i5 4c4t CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek lan
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-Z87X-UD3H
| <!--Chipset-->Z87 Express
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with Realtek® ALC898 codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA H97M D3H r1.0 r1.1 with i3 4360 or 4370 dual
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC892
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek lan
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus Z97 A with i7 4790K
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->750, 960, 970 and 980 nvidia GTX cards
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel lan ethernet
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA Z97X UD3H rev1.0 1.1 1.2
| <!--Chipset-->Z97 with i5 4690K
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC1150
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel lan
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI GAMING 5 Z97
| <!--Chipset-->Z97 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 4c8t CPU
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS Q87M-E
| <!--Chipset-->Q87
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit - 4 DDR3 slots -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->H99
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA2011V2 s2011-2 (2012/15)=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x79
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2013 Xeon e5-???? W TDP, e5-2667V2 W TDP, e5-????V2 W TDP, Sandybridge and Ivybridge V2
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
| <!--Chipset-->X79
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA2011V3 s2011-3 (2015/18)=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->x99
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2016 Xeon e5-1620v3 130W TDP, e5-1650V3 (i7-5930K) 140W TDP, e5-2640V3 90W TDP, Haswell-EP
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
| <!--Chipset-->X99
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->most cheap Ryzens are better nowadays
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Huananzhi X99-CD4
| <!--Chipset-->Intel C612 and X99
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata 3 connectors and 1 m.2 nvme slot
| <!--Gfx-->pcie slot
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC897 codec
| <!--USB-->{{No|USB3}}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->2024 quality might not be great outside of a simple setup - 2 ddr4 dimms -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Keyiyou X99 XD4
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Machinist MR9A Pro
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2023
|-
| <!--Name-->Machinist MR9A Pro
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2023
|-
| <!--Name-->Mogul
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Qiyida X99 H9S
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2023
|-
| <!--Name-->Soyo
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA 1151 Socket H4 (2015/2018)=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->Skylake CPUs have TPM 2.0 imbedded
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus H110 Plus H110M-A/DP
| <!--Chipset--> with 6th Gen Core and 7th with bios update
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->Sunrise Point-H SATA [AHCI mode] [8086 a102]
| <!--Gfx-->{{No|Skylake Integrated HD Graphics use PIC-E slot}}
| <!--Audio-->Intel HD Audio with Realtek ALC887 Audio CODEC
| <!--USB-->Sunrise Point-H USB 3.0 xHCI [8086: a12f] no usb2.0 fallback
| <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8111GR or 8111H RTL8111 8168 8411}}
| <!--Opinion-->ATX with 3 pci-e and 2 DDR4 slots - uatx version smaller - turn off TLSF as it was causing AHI driver to corrupt. Turned off ACPI for errors but works fine once booted -
|-
| <!--Name-->ASUS H110M-R M-ATX
| <!--Chipset-->H110
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 x SATA 6Gb/s
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio Realtek® ALC887 codec
| <!--USB-->Intel USB3
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® RTL8111H
| <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit 6th Gen Skylake Core™ i7/Core™ 6950X i7-6970HQ i7-6700K 4c8t hyperthreading, i5/Core™ i5-6600K 4c4t i3/Pentium® / Celeron® - 2 DDR4 DIMMS Max 32GB 2133MHz - 1 full pci-e and 2 pci-e 1 -
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus H110T
| <!--Chipset-->H110
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->2 sata
| <!--Gfx-->intel igpu only
| <!--Audio-->HDaudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->Dual Intel/Realtek GbE languard
| <!--Opinion-->2016 - mini itx 12v / 19v laptop type rare barrel pin 7.4MM x 5.0MM - 2 sodimm ddr4 slots - no pci-e slot -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H110M-S2H MATX Rev1.0
| <!--Chipset-->H110
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0
| <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC887 codec
| <!--USB-->2 (USB 3.1 Gen 1) ports with 4 us2
| <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® GbE LAN
| <!--Opinion--> 2 ddr4 slots
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte ga-h110n
| <!--Chipset-->H110
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->{{Yes| sata}}
| <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2d for Intel or PCI-e slot}}
| <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HDaudio for ALC887 codec}}
| <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }}
| <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|RTL8169}}
| <!--Opinion-->2016 mini-itx 6th gen
|-
| <!--Name-->Msi H110M-PRO-VH
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 x SATA 6Gb/s
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0
| <!--Audio--> Realtek® ALC887 Codec
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111h
| <!--Opinion--> 6th gen intel - 2 ddr4 slots
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus H170 Pro Gaming
| <!--Chipset-->H170
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sata
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->Asmedia USB3.1/3.0
| <!--Ethernet-->intel lan
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI Z170A TOMAHAWK
| <!--Chipset-->Z170
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}}
| <!--SATA-->4 sara, 1 x 2280 Key M(PCIe Gen3 x4/SATA), 1 x 2230 Key E(Wi-Fi)
| <!--Gfx-->pci-e
| <!--Audio-->HDAudio
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->intel lan
| <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit up to i7 7700k - 2 DDR4 -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->GIGABYTE GA-B250M-DS3H HD3P D3H D2V
| <!--Chipset-->B250
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2018 coffee lake intel 8th gen
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
| <!--Chipset--> with Kaby Lake X Intel 7th Gen
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> up to 16 pcie lanes
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
| <!--Chipset--> Z390 with Kaby Lake X
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> up to 16 pcie lanes
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset--> Q370M
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset--> H370M
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset--> B360M
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus Rampage
| <!--Chipset-->x299 with i9
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> - up to 24 to 44 pcie lanes
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->Gigabyte
| <!--Chipset--X299 >
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
=====Socket LGA 1200 (2020/2022)=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI H510M-A PRO (MS-7D22)
| <!--Chipset--> with 10th gen Comet Lake X
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2021 64bit - up to 16 pcie lanes rebar possible
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus PRIME H410M-E
Asrock H470M-HDV/M.2
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
| <!--Chipset--> with 11th gen Rocket Lake X
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion--> up to 16 pcie lanes
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
=====Socket LGA 1700 (2023/ )=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Alder Lake / 14th gen Raptor Lake
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2021 2022 64bit - QoS work to 2 level cpus, P down to E cores -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Meteor Lake ultra 5 7 1xxH series 1
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2023 2024 64bit 10nm - 3 level cpus, Low Power Island (SOC tile) to E onto P cores -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset--> 15th gen Arrow Lake
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Lunar lake ultra 5 7 2xxV series 2
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2025 64bit 7nm -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Nova Lake
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2026 64bit -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Panther Lake
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2026 64bit - either 44, 484, or 448 tiled cores 18A process - core ultra x9 288h, x7 358H, -
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA 1954 (2027/ )=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Nova Lake-S
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->Serpent Lake, Titan Lake, and Razer Lake
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->2027
|-
|}
=====Socket LGA (203x/203x)=====
[[#top|...to the top]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! width="10%" |Name
! width="5%" |Chipset
! width="5%" |ACPI
! width="5%" |IDE
! width="5%" |SATA
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |USB
! width="10%" |Ethernet
! width="30%" |Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->MSI
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| <!--Name-->Asus
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|-
| <!--Name-->
| <!--Chipset-->
| <!--ACPI-->
| <!--IDE-->
| <!--SATA-->
| <!--Gfx-->
| <!--Audio-->
| <!--USB-->
| <!--Ethernet-->
| <!--Opinion-->
|}
===Chromebooks===
For most (EOL) cromebooks, the recommended UEFI path forward is to:
*put the device into Developer Mode
*disable firmware write protection
*flash MrChromebox's UEFI Full ROM firmware
*install ChromeOS Flex, Linux, etc
See [https://mrchromebox.tech/#home MrChrome], [https://mrchromebox.tech MrChrome] and the [https://www.reddit.com/r/chrultrabook/ chrultrabook subreddit] for more info
ChromeOS has several different boot modes, which are important to understand in the context of modifying your device to run an alternate OS:
*Normal/Verified Boot Mode
Can only boot Google-signed ChromeOS images
Full verification of firmware and OS kernel
No root access to the system, no ability to run Linux or boot other OSes
Automatically enters Recovery Mode if any step of Verified Boot fails
Default / out-of-the-box setting for all ChromeOS devices
*Recovery Mode
User presented with Recovery Mode boot screen (white screen with 'ChromeOS is missing or damaged')
Boots only USB/SD with signed Google recovery image
Automatically entered when Verified Boot Mode fails
Can be manually invoked:
On Chromebooks, via keystroke: [ESC+Refresh+Power]
On Chromeboxes, by pressing a physical recovery button at power-on
On Convertibles/Tablets, by holding the Power, Vol+, and Vol- buttons for 10s and then release
Allows for transition from Verified Boot Mode to Developer Mode
On Chromebooks/Chromeboxes, via keystroke: [CTRL+D]
On Convertibles/Tablets, via button press: Vol+/Vol- simultaneously
Booting recovery media on USB/SD will repartition/reformat internal storage and reload ChromeOS
Note: The ChromeOS recovery process does not reset the firmware boot flags (GBB Flags), so if those are changed from the default, they will still need to be reset for factory default post-recovery.
*Developer Mode
"Jailbreak" mode built-in to every ChromeOS device
Loosened security restrictions, allows root/shell access, ability to run Linux via crouton
Verified Boot (signature checking) disabled by default, but can be re-enabled
Enabled via [CTRL+D] on the Recovery Mode boot screen
Boots to the developer mode boot screen (white screen with 'OS verification is off' text),
The user can select via keystroke
<pre>
ChromeOS (in developer mode) on internal storage ( [CTRL+D] )
ChromeOS/ChromiumOS on USB ( [CTRL+U] )
Legacy Boot Mode ( [CTRL+L] )
</pre>
Boot screen displays the ChromeOS device/board name in the hardware ID string (eg, PANTHER F5U-C92, which is useful to know in the context of device recovery, firmware support, or in determining what steps are required to install a given alternate OS on the device.
*Legacy Boot Mode
Unsupported method for booting alternate OSes (Linux, Windows) via the SeaBIOS RW_LEGACY firmware
Accessed via [CTRL+L] on the developer mode boot screen
Requires explicit enabling in Developer Mode via command line: sudo crossystem dev_boot_legacy=1
Most ChromeOS devices require a RW_LEGACY firmware update first
Boots to the (black) SeaBIOS splash screen; if multiple boot devices are available, prompt shows the boot menu
Note: If you hear two beeps after pressing [CTRL+L], then either your device doesn't have a valid Legacy Boot Mode / RW_LEGACY firmware installed, or legacy boot capability has not been been enabled via crossystem.
https://www.howtogeek.com/278953/how-to-install-windows-on-a-chromebook/
Chromebooks don’t officially support other OSs. You normally can’t even install as Chromebooks ship with a special type of BIOS designed for Chrome OS. But there are ways to install, if you’re willing to get your hands dirty and potentially ruin everything
[https://mrchromebox.tech/#devices Firmware Compatibility]
[https://wiki.galliumos.org/Hardware_Compatibility Here is the list of hardware that the GalliumOS supports and information on getting Gallium OS on to those devices]
Development on GalliumOS has been discontinued, and for most users, GalliumOS is not the best option for running Linux due to lack of hardware support or a kernel that's out of date and lacking important security fixes.
Meet Eupnea and Depthboot, the successors to Galliumos and Breath [https://eupnea-linux.github.io This is the bleeding edge]
Most older Chromebooks need the write-protect screw removed in order to install MrChromebox's firmware that allows you to install other operating systems. Most newer Chromebooks don't work in the same way as there is no write-protect screw on them.
Very rough guide to '''total''' (i.e. all cores / threads) processor performance (AROS usually uses only the [https://gmplib.org/gmpbench one core])
[[#top|...to the top]]
<pre>
060000 AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (AM5 170W),
056000 AMD Ryzen 9 5950X,
055000 AMD Ryzen 9 5900X3D,
053000 AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (AM4 105W), AMD Ryzen 9 3950X (105W),
044000 AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D,
042000 AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX, AMD Ryzen 5 5600X3D (AM4 95W), AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5750GE (AM4 35W),
039000 AMD Ryzen 9 5900HS, Intel Core i7-12700T, AMD Ryzen 7 7735HS (8c16t 45W), AMD 8840U,
038000 AMD Ryzen 7 5800H (FP6 45W), AMD Ryzen 7 6800U, Intel Core i5-12490F, Intel Core i5-12500E,
037000 AMD Ryzen 7 5800HS (FP6 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 8500G 8600GE (AM5 6c12t 35W), AMD Ryzen Z2 (8c16t),
036500 AMD Ryzen 7 5700G (AM4 8c16t 65W), AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS, Intel Core i7-12800H,
036200 AMD Ryzen 7 5700GE (AM4 8c16t 35W), AMD Ryzen Z1 Extreme (top TDP), AMD Ryzen 5 8600G (AM5 65W),
036000 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X (Am4 95W), AMD Ryzen 5 5500 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 5600 (65W),
035000 AMD Ryzen 5 6600H, Intel Core i5-12400F,
031000 AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS, Ryzen™ 7 8845HS, AMD Ryzen 7 7840U,
030000 AMD Ryzen 7 4800U, AMD Ryzen 4800H, Intel Core i5-11400F, Intel Zeon E5-2697A V4,
029500 AMD Ryzen 5 4500 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3600 (65W), Apple M3 Pro 12c,
029000 AMD Ryzen 5 4600G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 1700X (AM4 95W),
028500 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U, AMD Ryzen 7 1700 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 7 2700 (65W), Ryzen 3 7540U,
028000 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U, 5 5560U (FP6 25W 6c12t Zen3), Intel Core i5-13500H, AMD Ryzen 7 4800HS,
027700 AMD Ryzen 9 PRO 7940HS (FP8 65W), AMD 8745HS, AMD Ryzen H255 AI, AMD Ryzen 3 7545U,
027500 AMD Ryzen 3 7736U, AMD Ryzen 5 7640U,
027400 AMD Ryzen 5 8540U, AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE (AM4 6c12t 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650G (AM4 45W),
027300 AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE, AMD Ryzen 5 5600H, AMD Ryzen 7 5825U (FP6 8c16t 15W),
027200 AMD Ryzen 5 6600U, AMD Ryzen 7 2700X, AMD Ryzen 5 5600GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen Z1,
027100 AMD Ryzen 7 7730U (FP6 15W 8c16t), AMD Ryzen 7 5800U (FP6 25W 8c16t), Ryzen 9 4900H,
027000 AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U (8c16t), Ryzen 5 7430U (FP6 6c12t), Ryzen 5 PRO 6650U, Intel 10500H,
026500 AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 7840HS (FP7 65W), AMD Ryzen 7 8840HS, AMD Ryzen Z2 Extreme,
025000 AMD Ryzen 5 5600U (FP6 25W hot 6c12t Zen3), AMD Ryzen 5 2600 (65W), Ryzen 5 7530U,
024500 AMD Ryzen 5 4600HS (FP6 35W 6c12t), Apple M1 Pro, AMD Ryzen 5 5625U (FP6 15W 6c12t),
023700 AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 3500X (AM4 95W), Intel Core i7-9700,
023500 AMD Ryzen 5 1600X (95W), AMD Ryzen 3 5300GE (AM4 4c8t 35W), AMD Ryzen 7 5700U (FP6 25W 8c16t Zen2),
023200 AMD Ryzen 3 7330U (FP6 15W 4c8t), AMD Ryzen 7 4700U (FP6 25W 8c8t), AMD Ryzen 5 4400G,
023000 Intel Core i7-1255U, Intel Core i7 13700H, Ryzen 7640HS,
022000 AMD Ryzen Z2 Go (4c8t), AMD Ryzen 5 5500U (FP6 25W 6c12t Zen2), Snapdragon 8 Elite,
020500 AMD Ryzen 3 4300G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 3 5450U 5425U, AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650U (6c12t),
019500 Intel Core i5-1135G7, AMD Ryzen 5 5500H, AMD Ryzen 5 4600U (FP6 25W 6c), AMD Ryzen 5 2600 (65W),
019250 Intel Core i5-1145G7,
019000 AMD Ryzen 5 3400G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 2500X, AMD Ryzen 5 7520U, AMD Ryzen V3C18I (? 15W),
017750 AMD Ryzen 5 3400GE (AM4 35W), Intel Core i5-8400, AMD Ryzen 5 1500X (AM4 65W), Xbox One Series X,
017500 Intel Core i7-6700K, Intel i5-10400, AMD Ryzen 5 4500U (FP6 25W 6c6t), AMD Ryzen 3 5400U,
017000 AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 3 5300U (FP6 25W 4c8t), Intel Core i5-11300H,
016500 AMD Ryzen 7 3750H, AMD Ryzen Embedded V1756B (FP5 45W), AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 4200GE, SD G3 Gen3,
016250 Intel Core i5-1035G7, intel core i5 7600 (4c4t 65W),
016000 AMD Ryzen 5 2400G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3550H, Ryzen 5 PRO 3350GE (4c 8t), Intel Core i5-8500T,
015000 AMD Ryzen 3 7320U, Ryzen 7 3700U, Ryzen 3200G (AM4 65W), Intel Core i7-8550U, Intel Core i5-1035G1,
014000 AMD Ryzen 5 2400GE (AM4 35W), Intel Core i7-6700T, AMD Ryzen 5 3550U,
013500 AMD Ryzen 5 3500U (FP5 15W 4c8t), AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, AMD Athlon Gold 4150GE, AMD Ryzen 5 3450U,
013250 AMD Ryzen 3 3200GE (AM4 45W), AMD Ryzen 3 1300X (65W), AMD Ryzen 3 2200G, Xbox One Series S,
013000 AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B (FP5 25W), AMD Ryzen 2700U, AMD Ryzen R2514,
012500 AMD Ryzen 5 2500U (FP5 25W 4c8t), Intel Core i3-8300T, Intel Xeon X5680, Intel i3-1115G4 (2c4t),
012300 Intel Core i7-8565U, Intel Core i5-8350U, Intel Core i7-8700, Allwinner A733 (2 A76, 6 A55),
012200 ARM Cortex-X3 Prime Snapdragon SD8G2 Gen2 4nm 64-bit Kryo CPU, i5-8250U (4c8t),
012000 AMD Ryzen 3 2200GE, AMD Ryzen 3 1200 (65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3500C,
011500 AMD Ryzen 3 3300U, Intel Core i3-8100T, Intel Core i5-8265U, Intel i5-10210U, CORE i5-10310U,
010500 AMD Ryzen 3 2300U (FP5 25W 4c4t), Allwinner A527 (8 A55),
010300 Intel Core i7-3630QM, Intel Core i5-6600T, Intel Core i5-4670K,
010200 Intel Core i5-6440HQ, Intel Core i7-3610QM, Snapdragon SD865,
010000 AMD FX-8320E (AM3+ 125W 8c8t), Intel Core i5-7500T, Intel Core i5-4690,
009000 Spectrum Unisoc Tiger T7280 (T620), Cortex-X2, MediaTek Dimensity 1300 (4 A78, 4 A55),
008700 AMD FX-6130 (AM3+ 90W 6c6t), Intel Core i5-7400T, Intel Core i5-4590T,
008500 Intel Core i5-6500T, AMD Athlon 300GE (AM4, 35W), AMD Athlon Gold 7220U,
008000 AMD Ryzen R1606G (FP5 15W), AMD FX-6300 (AM3 65W 6c6t), Intel Core i5-2500K,
007500 AMD Ryzen 3 3200U, AMD Ryzen 3 3250U, Intel Alderlake ULX N100 / N95,
007200 AMD Ryzen 3 2200U (FP5 25W 2c4t), Intel Core i3-7100T, Intel Twinlakes N150 N200, Xbox(TM) One S,
007100 AMD Ryzen R1505G (FP5, 15W), RK3576 4 A72, 4 A53, Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1,
006600 Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 5G, AMD Athlon 300U (FP5 2c4t 15W), Intel i7-7600U, AMD V1202B,
006500 Intel Core i7-6500U, AMD Athlon Gold 3150U, Intel Celeron N5105 (FCBGA1338 15W), SD 685,
006300 Intel Core i3-8130U (15W), Intel Celeron N5095 (FCBGA1338 15W), Intel Core i3-6100T,
006100 Intel Core i5-6300U, Intel Core i5-7200U (2c4t), Intel i7-5500U, Intel Core i7-6600U (2c4t),
006000 Intel Core i5-6200U (2c4t), Intel Core i3-7130U, Intel i7-4500U, Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 4G,
005950 Intel Core i5-4570T, Intel Core i5-5257U, Rockchip RK3588 (4 A76, 4 A55), Snapdragon 7325,
005900 Intel Xeon X5550, Intel Core i5-4300M, MediaTek Dimensity 1200 (4 A78, 4 A55), Unisoc 7255 (T616),
005800 Intel Celeron J4125 J4105 (FCBGA1090 15W), Intel Core i5-3470T, AMD A8-6600K APU, AMD 3015E (2c4t),
005600 Intel Core i5-3360M, Intel Core i7-3520M, Intel Core i5-4210M, Intel Pentium G4600T,
005400 MediaTek Dimensity 900 (2 A78, 6 A55), AMD Athlon Silver 7120U, Snapdragon 860,
005300 AMD PRO A12-9800B 7th Gen APU (FP4 15W), AMD FX-4300 4c4t, AMD Ryzen R1305G,
005250 Intel Core i5-3230M, AMD FX-7600P, Intel Pentium G4400, Unisoc T7200 (Unisoc T606 2 A76, 6 A55),
005200 AMD PRO A10-8770E, AMD A10-9700E, AMD PRO A10-9700B (FP4 15W), Intel Core i3-4130T,
005100 AMD RX-427BB (FP3 15W), AMD A10-9620P, AMD A12-9720P, Intel Core i3-8145U, AMD A12-9830B,
005050 AMD A8-5500 (FM2 65W), AMD A10 PRO-7800B APU, Intel Pentium Silver N5000, Intel Core i7-5500U,
005000 Intel Core i5-5300U, Intel Core i5-3320M (2c4t), Intel Core i5-5350U, Unisoc T618 (2 A73 6 A53),
004900 Intel Core i5-4300U, Intel Core i5-5200U, Intel Core i3-4100M, Snapdragon 662 (SM6115),
004860 Intel Core i7-2620M, Intel Core i7-2640M, AMD Athlon Silver 3050U 3050e, Intel i3-7020U,
004650 Intel Core i5-2520M (2c4t), Intel Core i5-3210M, AMD A10-9600P (FP4 4c 15W), Pentium 4415U,
004625 Intel Core i3-7100U (FCBGA1356 15W), ARM A76 RK3588S, AMD A10-6800B APU,
004600 AMD PRO A8-9600B, AMD PRO A12-8830B, AMD PRO A10-8730B, AMD A12-9700P, Intel Core i3-6100U,
004400 AMD A10-8700P A8-8600P, Intel Core i5-4200U, Intel Core i5-2540M, Intel i3-6006U,
004000 Intel Core i5-2430M, AMD PRO A8-8600B, AMD 3020e, Intel Core i3-5005U, Mediatek MT6797 Helio X20,
003850 Intel Core i5-2410M (2c4t), Intel Core i3-2120 (LGA1155 65W), Mediatek MT8786,
003800 AMD A10-4600M APU, AMD A10 PRO-7350B APU, AMD A10-5750M APU, Rockchip RK3399,
003600 AMD A8-6500T APU, AMD A8-7410 APU, AMD PRO A6-8550B, AMD A8-5550M (4c4t),
003500 AMD GX-424CC SOC (FT3b 25W 4c4t), ARM A75 Unisoc Tiger T610 (Spreadtrum) (8c 5W),
003400 AMD A10-7300 APU, AMD A6-7310 APU, AMD A8-6410, AMD A10-5745M APU, Intel Core i3-4000M,
003350 Intel Pentium G2020, Intel Core i3-3120M (G2 2c4t), AMD R-464L APU, Intel® Core m5-6Y57 (2c4t),
003300 AMD GX-420CA SOC (FT3 BGA769 25W), AMD A6-9500E, Intel Celeron N4200, AMD A6-5200 ( 25W 2c2t),
003200 AMD A6-6310 APU, AMD A6-6400B APU, AMD A6-8570E, AMD A8-4500M APU, AMD A6-7400K APU
003000 AMD A8-7150B, AMD A9-9410 / A9-9425, AMD A6-8500B (FP4 15W), AMD A8-7100,
002900 AMD PRO A6-8530B, AMD A6-8500P, AMD A8-3500M APU, Intel Core i3-2120T,
002700 AMD Embedded GX-420GI (FP4 15W), AMD PRO A6-9500B, AMD GX-415GA, AMD A4-6210 APU,
002600 AMD A6-9225, AMD A8-4555M APU, AMD A4-5000 APU (FT3 15W), AMD A6-9220, AMD A6-3420M APU,
002450 Intel Celeron 2950M, Intel Pentium N3700, Intel Core i3-2350M, Allwinner A523 (8 A55),
002400 Intel Celeron N3150, Intel Core i3-2330M, Intel Xeon W3505, AMD A6-9210, Allwinner H618 (4 A53),
002300 Intel Celeron N3350, AMD A4-9120, AMD A4-9125, Intel Core i3-2310M, Intel Celeron 3865U,
002200 AMD A9-9420e, AMD A6-5350M APU, AMD E2-6110 APU, AMD E2-9000e, Celeron N4500,
002000 AMD GX-412HC, AMD A4-4300M APU, AMD A6 PRO-7050B APU, AMD A6-4400M APU, AMD A6-7000,
001925 Intel Core2 Duo E6700, Intel Pentium Extreme Edition 965, Intel Core i3-370M, Celeron N4020,
001750 Intel Core i3-2365M 2375M, AMD A4-9120C, Intel Core2 Duo T8300, Qualcomm MSM8939,
001600 AMD GX-222GC (BGA769 FT3b 15W), AMD A4-9120e, AMD Embedded GX-215JJ, AMD A4-4355M APU,
001550 Intel Core2 Duo SL9400 T7600 T6600, AMD E2-3200, AMD A6-9220e, Mediatek MT8783, AMD E2-3800,
001500 AMD GX-218GL SOC, AMD A6-4455M, AMD A4-5150M APU, ARM A55 RK3566 (4c 3W), Intel Core2 Duo T8100,
001400 AMD GX-217GA SOC, ARM Cortex-A53 4c4t H700, AMD A4-3300M APU, Allwinner A133P A64 (4 A53),
001300 AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-64 TL-62, Intel Core2 Duo T7300, Intel Core2 Duo T5600, AMD RX-216TD,
001250 AMD GX-412TC SOC, AMD A4-3320M APU, AMD Athlon 64 X2 QL-66, Intel Core2 Duo T7200
001200 AMD Athlon 64 X2 2c TK-57, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-60 RM-74, AMD E1-2500, AMD E2-7015,
001150 Intel Core2 Duo T5550, Intel Core2 Duo L7500, AMD E2-3000M APU, ARM A35 RK3266, AMD E2-7110,
001100 Intel Core2 Duo T5300, AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800, Intel Core2 Duo E4300, Mediatek MT8127,
001050 AMD E1-6010 APU, Intel Pentium T4300, Intel Celeron N2840,
001050 AMD Athlon 64 FX-57, AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core TK-55, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-52
001000 Intel Core2 Duo T5500, Intel Core2 Duo L7300, Intel Core2 Duo SU9400,
000950 AMD G-T56N, AMD Athlon 64 3100+, AMD E2-2000 APU,
000950 AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-50, AMD E1-2200 APU, Intel Celeron U3400,
000925 AMD TurionX2 Dual Core Mobile RM-72, AMD Sempron 140
000920 Intel Celeron SU2300, Intel Core2 Duo T5200, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-56
000890 AMD E2-1800 APU, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-58
000880 AMD G-T56E, AMD G-T48E,
000860 AMD E-450 APU, AMD E-350 APU, AMD Athlon LE-1620
000820 AMD A4-1250 APU, AMD Athlon LE-1600,
000810 AMD E1-2100 APU, Intel Core Duo T2500,
000810 Intel Atom D510, Intel Core2 Duo U7500,
000800 AMD Geode NX 2400+, AMD Turion 64 Mobile ML-42, AMD Athlon II Neo K325,
000760 AMD V140, AMD E1-1200 APU, AMD Athlon 64 3300+,
000730 Intel Core Duo T2400, AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK-38, AMD Sempron 3600+,
000700 Intel Core2 Duo U7600 U7700, AMD Sempron LE-1200, AMD V120
000680 AMD GX-212JC SOC, AMD E-300 APU, AMD A4-1200 APU,
000670 AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK-36 ML-37 ML-40, Mobile AMD Sempron 3800+
000640 Intel Atom N2600, Intel Atom N570, Mobile AMD Athlon 64 3200+
000640 Intel Core Duo T2300, Intel Core Duo T2050,
000630 VIA Eden X2 U4200, AMD Sempron LE-1100, AMD Sempron 3100+ 3600+,
000620 AMD C-70 C70 APU, Intel Atom 330, AMD G-T40N, AMD Athlon Neo MV-40,
000610 Intel Core2 Duo U7300, AMD Athlon II Neo K125 K145,
000600 Intel Atom N550, Intel Pentium 4, AMD Athlon 64 2800+,
000580 AMD C-60 C60, AMD G-T40E, AMD Sempron LE-1250
000530 AMD C-50 C50, Intel Celeron M 723, AMD Sempron 210U,
000490 AMD GX-210JA SOC, PowerPC 970 G5 IBM's 970 server CPU (2c),
000470 Mobile AMD Sempron 3500+, Mobile AMD Athlon XP-M 2200+,
000460 AMD Athlon XP 2500+, AMD Sempron 3500+, Mobile Intel Pentium 4,
000440 Intel Atom D425, Intel Atom N470, POWER 4 PPC,
000410 Intel Pentium M, Intel Celeron M, AMD Sempron 2300+
000400 Intel Atom N450, AMD Sempron 2400+,
000340 Intel Atom D410, AMD G-T52R, AMD C-30, AMD Sempron 2200+
000330 Intel Atom N455, Intel Atom N280, Intel Atom N270 (1c1t 2W), Intel P3,
000320 Freescale NXP QorIQ P1022
000310 PowerPC G4 7447 1Ghz (1c1t 15W), PPC440 core,
000230 PowerPC PPC G3/PPC 750,
000160 Pentium II, Motorola 68060
000080 Intel 80486, Motorola 68030,
000040 Intel 80386,
000030 Motorola 68020
000008 Motorola 68000
</pre>
=== Recommended hardware (32-bit) ===
[[#top|...to the top]]
Recommended hardware is hardware that has been tested with latest release of AROS and is relatively easy to purchase second hand (ie. ebay). This hardware also comes with commitment that compatibility will be maintained with each future release.
If in future decision will be made to drop any of the recommended hardware from the list (for example due to it no longer being available for purchase), such hardware will move to list of legacy supported systems and will have an indicated end of life date so that users have time to switch to other hardware.
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
| <!--OK-->{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || <!--Not working-->{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || <!--Not applicable-->{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}}
|-
|}
==== Virtual Hardware ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="45%" |Comments
|-
| VirtualBox 7.x (Other/Unknown template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|PCNET32<br/>E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments-->
|-
| VMware 16+ (Other32 template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments-->
|-
| QEMU 8.x ("pc" and "q35" machines) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments-->
|-
|}
==== Laptops ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="45%" |Comments
|-
| ACER Aspire One ZG5 || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(IDE)}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|RTL8169}} || {{Yes|ATHEROS}} || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments-->
|-
| Dell Latitude D520 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|BCM4400}} || {{No|}} || {{Yes|Atheros AR5BXB63}} || * select Intel Core 2 64-bit version, not Celeron 32-bit version <br/> * replace WiFi card to get wireless working
|-
|}
==== Desktop Systems ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="45%" |Comments
|-
| Fujitsu Futro S720 || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * no 2D/3D acceleration<br/> * use USB ports at back
|-
|}
==== Motherboards ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="45%" |Comments
|-
| ASUS P8Z68V LX || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * add external PCIe video card for better performance
|-
| Gigabyte GA-MA770T UD3/UD3P || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * requires external PCIe video card
|-
| ASUS M2N68-AM SE2 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|NVIDIA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|NVNET}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * connecting a disk via SATA connector is not supported at this time <br/> * add external PCIe video card for better performance
|-
| Gigabyte GA-H55M-S2H || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * add external PCIe video card for better performance
|-
|}
==== Legacy supported hardware ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="10%" |EOL
! width="35%" |Comments
|-
| iMica || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || 2026-12-31 ||
|-
| Gigabyte GA-MA770 UD3 || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(IDE)}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || 2026-12-31 || * requires external PCIe video card
|-
|}
=== Recommended hardware (64-bit) ===
[[#top|...to the top]]
Recommended hardware is hardware that has been tested with latest release of AROS and is relatively easy to purchase second hand (ie. ebay). This hardware also comes with commitment that compatibility will be maintained with each future release.
==== Virtual Hardware ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="45%" |Comments
|-
| VirtualBox 7.x (Other/Unknown (64-bit) template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|PCNET32<br/>E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
| VMware 16+ (Other64 template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
| QEMU 8.x ("pc" and "q35" machines) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
|}
==== Motherboards ====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Name
! width="5%" |Storage
! width="5%" |Gfx
! width="5%" |Audio
! width="5%" |Ethernet
! width="5%" |Wireless
! width="10%" |Additional hardware
! width="45%" |Comments
|-
| ASUS P8Z68V LX || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
|}
==References==
[[#top|...to the top]]
{{reflist}}
{{BookCat}}
ep67ocb4pa9r1masv2d68o9op8iy00g
Wikibooks:USERPAGES
4
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2026-05-23T22:41:48Z
~2026-31019-67
3593313
/* */
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text/x-wiki
#CEO [[Wikibooks:User pages]]
4wrpatkw8o0wow7piescl0skwsq5zho
4637338
4637337
2026-05-23T22:43:49Z
Codename Noreste
3441010
[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31019-67|~2026-31019-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-31019-67|talk]]) to last version by Adrignola
1991236
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:User pages]]
olksczujmqeglh34kptqhi1g271da9k
International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/New Zealand
0
247291
4637365
4492221
2026-05-24T07:18:30Z
Stamps1840
3593543
/* GROUP B: Upright rectangle */
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
= New Zealand =
<div style="font-size:medium;">
* One of the earliest countries to use postage meters, the first meter was put on public trial in 1904. New Zealand is the only country to use meters on a commercial, non-experimental basis from 1905 to late 1920.
* Unlike most other meter-using countries, meter stamps in New Zealand are often printed without a town mark/date stamp and are considered no different from preprinted adhesive postage. As such metered mail is usually found with postal cancelations. If a town mark is present, it is often not canceled.
* Meter manufacturers in New Zealand:
:: The Automatic Stamping Machine Co. (ASM) (Ernest Moss), 1904
:: The Automatic Franking Machine Co. Ltd. (AFM) (successor to ASM)
:: New Zealand Franking Machine Co. Ltd. (NZFM) (Robert Wales), 1904
:: C.R. Hawkins Ltd. (successor to AFM, 1932)
:: A.H. Aldridge
:: Coin Machines Ltd. (Comac), 1964
* The stamps are grouped according to appearance of frank and function:
:: A – circular and oval franks
:: B – upright rectangle
:: C – horizontal or square rectangle
:: D – frank without complete outer frame
:: PO – special stamps generated only in Post Offices
:: PP – special stamp used only for Parcel Post
:: PV – stamps from public, self-service, coin-operated machines
:: OO – special stamps used for Official government mail
'''NOTE''': The early Group A stamps were self-service public vending machine stamps. They have been cataloged in Group A rather than Group PV because of the close developmental relationship they have with other Group A stamps.
<br /><br />
</div>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP A: Circular and oval franks</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A1.jpg|left|126px]]
'''A1. ASM (Moss) model “1”, 1st state ''' (FV-1), 31 March 1904.
: One meter only, a public, coin-operated, self-service machine.
: Double circular stamp with rings 19.5 and 12 mm in diameter.
: Inscribed “N.Z. POSTAL STAMP / No 1” between the circles and “1D / PAID” in the center.
: Printed in black from a rubber die.
: Postal guidance required the stamps to be postmarked.
:::::::: '''A'''. Used outside the main Post Office at Christchurch, 31 March to 15 April 1904 {{space|3}}[$600]
:::::::: '''B'''. Used outside the main Post Office in Wellington from 4 to 23 May 1904 {{space|3}}[$900]
<br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A2.jpg|left|148px]]
<br>
'''A2. ASM (Moss) model “1”, 2nd state ''' (FV-1), 23 June 1904. {{space|3}}[$900]
: Almost identical to Type A1 but slightly larger, 21 and 13 mm.
: Printed in black with a steel die.
: Public, coin-operated, self-service meter used outside the Wellington main Post Office, 23 June to 4 November 1904.
: This is from the same machine used for Type A1. Only the frank die was changed.
<br><br>
'''A3. ASM (Moss) model “2” ''' (FV-2), 11 July to 10 August 1904. {{space|4}} [''One cover with 1d stamp known to exist. Value undetermined'']
: The stamp is identical in appearance to Type A1, but it is from a meter modified for use in a private business setting rather than as a public, self-service meter.
: It can be identified by the postmark date which is later than for Type A1 and by the logo in blue of the Christchurch Meat Company on the envelope.
: The machine operated by insertion of a Sovereign (£1 coin) which allowed a mix of up to 240 one penny or 480 ½d impressions before re-locking.
: It is possible the ½d value was inoperable when the machine was placed with Christchurch Meat.
: Meter No. 1 only.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d
'''NOTE''': Souvenir impressions from the machine were made long after its brief period of postal use. These souvenir impressions are all badly warped due to aging of the rubber die and are usually found on small squares of lined paper. {{space|3}}[$25]
<br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A4.jpg|left|120px]]
<br>
'''A4. NZFM (Wales) ''' (FV-1), 7 July to early October 1904. {{space|3}}[$800]
: Narrow, upright double oval with ”N Z” at top.
: “ONE PENNY” at bottom, “1<span style="font-size:x-small;">D</span>” at the sides, and blank in the center.
: Public, coin-operated, self-service meter installed outside the Dunedin Post Office.
: Printed in black.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A5.jpg|left|165px]]
<br>
'''A5. NZFM (Wales) ''' (FV-1), 10 October 1904 to 7 February, 1905. {{space|3}}[$800]
: Narrow upright oval as with Type A4 but “NEW ZEALAND” spelled out at top.
: “ONE PENNY” at bottom.
: “PAID” vertical in the center.
: This is from the same machine used for Type A4. Only the frank die was changed.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A6.jpg|760px]]
<br>
'''A6. ASC (Moss) model “3” ''' (FV-7), 8 February 1906.
: Double circles 19 and 11mm in diameter, with “<span style="font-size:x-small;">★</span> NEW ZEALAND <span style="font-size:x-small;">★</span>/ POSTAGE PAID” between the circles.
: The center contains the postage value above the meter number.
: Printed with a metal (zinc) die.
: Sovereign (£1 coin)-in-the-slot operation as with Type A3.
: Three machines were made:
::: '''A'''. '''N<u>o</u>1''', used by Christchurch Meat Co. Two covers (½d stamp and 1d stamp) and a single cutout (1d stamp) exist, printed in violet {{space|3}}[$2000]
::: '''B'''. '''N<u>o</u>2''', used by Pyne & Co, Christchurch. Two registered covers with 5d stamps (violet), and a cover and cut-out with 1d stamp (black) are known {{space|3}}[$2000]
::: '''C'''. '''N<u>o</u>3''', demonstration machine. A small number of value sets (less the 3d) are known to exist, printed in red or black and produced at a later date. {{space|3}}[$500]
: Values: The model was capable of printing ½d, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d values.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A7.jpg|left|280px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A7a.jpg|right|210px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A7b.jpg|right|135px]]
'''A7. ASC (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), Summer 1906.
: Very similar to Type A6 but the frank is slightly smaller with circles 17.5-18 and 10mm in diameter.
: These stamps are from the first credit machine, an improvement over the Sovereign coin-in-the-slot operation. A postal employee would travel between meter users to collect payments and recharge the meters.
: The stamps are found printed in black, purple, blue, red, and green. Black is relatively common with purple being rare. Blue, green and red are exceptionally rare.
: Meter No’s: 1 to 22 have “No.” prefix. Meters from 23 to 44 are without prefix. These were all issued to Christchurch firms.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$75]
: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$250]
: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$350]
: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$600]
:: '''a'''. Printed in purple {{space|4}} [''Add $50 to ½d and 1d stamps, $100 or more to the other denominations'']
:: '''b'''. Printed in blue, red, or green {{space|4}} [''Add $250. Known only with ½d and 1d stamps'']
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8.jpg|left|250px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8a.jpg|right|124px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8b.jpg|right|125px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8c.jpg|right|125px]]
'''A8. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1907.
: This is from the same model "C" meter that produced Type A7. Only the frank dies were changed.
: Single circle 18 mm in diameter.
: Town name, normally with “NZ”, added at top.
: “POSTAGE PAID” at bottom.
:::::::::::: Meter numbers start at 1 in each town.
:::::::::::: The stamps are found printed in black, blue, and purple. Black is relatively common with blue being rare and purple very rare.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$50]
: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$200]
: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$400]
: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$500]
:: '''a'''. Printed in blue {{space|4}} [''Add $50 to ½d and 1d stamps, $100 or more to the other denominations'']
:: '''b'''. Printed in purple {{space|4}} [''Add $250. Known only with ½d and 1d stamps'']
:: '''c'''. Town name only, without “NZ”. Napier 1, 2, 4-9, and Gisborne 1-5 recorded {{space|4}} [''Add $25'']
'''NOTE''': The Wellington stamp dies from 1 to 26 have the town name abbreviated "WELL<span style="font-size:x-small;"><u>GTN</u></span>. From 27 forward the name is spelled out in full.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A9.jpg|720px]]
'''A9. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), late 1908.
: This is from the same model "C" meter that produced Types A7 and A8. Only the frank dies were changed.
: Large circle, 21-22 mm in diameter, with different interior design for each value:
::: '''A'''. ½d: {{space|4}} plain single circle {{space|3}}[$50]
::: '''B'''. 1d: {{space|4}} diamond {{space|3}}[$50]
::: '''C'''. 3d: {{space|4}} square with four semicircles {{space|3}}[$250]
::: '''D'''. 6d: {{space|4}} lines at top and bottom and small circles at the sides {{space|3}}[$500]
::: '''E'''. 1/-: {{space|4}} shield {{space|3}}[$1000]
: Town name alone at top, without country name or "NZ".
: Meter numbers for each town are the same as used with Type A8.
: Normally printed in black.
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP B: Upright rectangle</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1A.jpg|left|137px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1B.jpg|left|132px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1aa.jpg|right|137px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1 note.jpg|right|430px]]
'''B1. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1910.
: Frank is upright rectangle with rounded corners.
: The town name is in a diagonal panel.
: Meter numbers start at 1 in each town.
:::::::: '''A'''. Straight line rectangle (with rounded corners) with, “POSTAGE PAID NZ" in upper left.
::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$40]
::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$100]
::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$300]
::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::: '''B'''. Frank frame is wavy line, "POSTAGE PAID" without "NZ" in upper left. Began use in 1915 with a postal rate change. {{space|3}}[$60]
::::::::: One value only: {{space|4}} 1½d
:::::::: '''a'''. Printed in deep blue or purple (Dunedin 34, Hastings 2, Napier 1 and 12 seen, ½d and 1d known). {{space|4}} [Add $100]
'''NOTE''': As the stamp dies were replaced in the Model "C" machines (from Type A7 through A9 to B1) a small number of machines had only some of the value dies replaced with the newer designs. Covers with multiple stamp types (B1 with A8 or A9) occasionally turn up. They are quite rare. Shown at right is a portion of a mailing tag franked with 1 shilling Type A8 and 1½d Type B1B, both from meter Auckland 50.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B2.jpg|522px]]
<br>
'''B2. AFM (Moss), models “D” '''and ''' “E” ''' (1924), (FV-5), 11 May 1916.
[[File:New Zealand Type B2cc.jpg|right|210px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO6.jpg|right|130px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B2c.jpg|right|130px]]
: Straight frame line with squared corners.
: Meter number in circle in center, town name at bottom.
: Meter numbers continue up from those used with Type B1.
: The stamps were at first printed in black, then maroon (dark purple), then dull red and finally pink. Dull red and pink are the most common with black and maroon less so.
: The stamps from the "D" and "E" models are identical.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 1½d, 2d, 6d, ONE SHILLING
: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$15]
:: '''a'''. Printed in black {{space|4}} [''Uncommon'']
:: '''b'''. Printed in maroon (dull purple) {{space|4}} [''Uncommon'']
:: '''c'''. Printed in non-standard dark aniline purple {{space|4}} [''Very rare'']
:: '''d'''. Relief stamp (temporary replacement or ‘loaner’ machine). Meter number with “R” prefix. Meters R1-R5 {{space|3}}[$350]
:: '''e'''. Relief stamp (temporary replacement or ‘loaner’ machine). "SOS" in center circle {{space|3}}[$500]
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B3.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B3. AFM (Moss) model “D”''' (FV-5), November 1922.
: Similar to Type B2 but special design from a machine used at the Christchurch Industrial Exhibition.
: "N.Z. / INDUSTRIAL" above, and "EXHIBITION" below the central circle which contains "CH CH”.
: In operation only for seven weeks.
: Value: {{space|4}} “ONE PENNY” {{space|3}}[$500]
: Values: [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]] “HALF PENNY" {{space|4}} "ONE SHILLING" {{space|4}} [Extremely rare, value uncertain, $2000?]
::::::::: These two values are known on small sheets with large "CANCELLED" hand stamp. They were handed to the public as souvenirs of the show. The one shilling value is also known on an unmailed cover.
'''NOTE''': The 1½d and 6d values may exist but have not been reported.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B4.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B4. AFM (Moss) model “E”''' plus converted '''"model D"'''s (FV-5), 1928.
: Double-line outer rim with rounded corners.
: “NEW ZEALAND/POSTAGE” at top without town name.
: Meter numbers 1501 up without prefix.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 1½d, 2d
:::::: Values: {{space|4}} 3d, 6d, 1/-
:::::: Value: {{space|4}} 2½d {{space|3}}[$10]
'''NOTE''': At least one Model E machine (E142) was converted to decimal currency at some point. The postage values are 1, 2½, 3 and 5 cents. The one shilling value remained in the dial but was disabled and could not be selected. From the condition of the machine it appears that it had been in use, but no franked covers or examples of the decimal stamps have ever been reported. The machine is in the hands of a collector who says that all the dies had been removed when he received it and so is not possible to produce proofs after the fact.
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B5.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B5. Hawkins, model “F” (the "Duo") ''' (FV-2), January 1931. {{space|3}}[$50]
: As Type B4 but meter number with “F” prefix.
: Meters F1 through F42 were reportedly fielded.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B6A.jpg|left|375px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B6c.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B6B.jpg|left|360px]]
[[File:New Zealand Type B6d.jpg|340px|right]]
'''B6. Neopost''' (L/V-3/6), 1931.
: Herringbone pattern at sides with rays in lower corners.
: Value figure (variable in size) in center with "POSTAGE" above and "PAID" below.
:M# with “N” prefix.
: TM: DC, BIC or nil
:::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. £sd values: {{space|4}} 1d, 2d, 2½d, 3d, 4d, 6d
::::::::::::::::::: £sd value: {{space|5}} 1/- {{space|3}}[$10]
::::::::::::::::::: £sd values: {{space|4}} 9d, 1/6, 1/9 . {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. Decimal values: {{space|4}} 2½c through 25c seen {{space|3}}[$10]
:::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Solid block in place of meter number
:::::::::::::::::: '''b'''. M# with “No N” prefix
:::::::::::::::::: '''c'''. Printed in green
:::::::::::::::::: '''d'''. TM solid (unengraved)
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B7.jpg|left|370px]]
'''B7. Neopost ''' (LV). {{space|3}}[$300]
: Unique design similar to Type B7 with herringbone pattern at sides, but “POSTAGE” in arc over “PAID” above small value figure at bottom center.
: Meter number in lower corners, and postage value at bottom center.
: Meter N71 only, used by Hikurangi Dairy Co.
: This stamp is most likely the result of a locally fabricated repair.
: Values seen: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B8 pence.jpg|left|615px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B8 cents.jpg|left|330px]]
'''B8. Hawkins “Rotex” ''' (FV-5), December 1931.
: Frank with single line, simulated perforation border.
: M# with “G” prefix, G1 up.
: TM: squared circle with horizontal line background, or nil
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Values: £sd: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 6d, 1/-
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Values: Decimal: {{space|4}} ½c, 1c, 2c, 4c, 12c seen
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Without letter prefix: 1332 {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''b'''. Slogan applied to back of envelope {{space|3}}[$100]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''c'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B9.jpg|left|285px]]
'''B9. Hawkins “Sentinel” ''' (FV-3), 1937.
: Nearly identical to Type B8 but M# with “H” prefix.
: Known in two sizes.
: TM: nil
: Values: £sd: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 2½d, 3d, 4d, 6d
: Values: : Decimal: {{space|4}} 1c, 2c, 2½c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 7c, 8c, 10c, 12c, 14c, 17c, 20c seen
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B10.jpg|left|555px]]
'''B10. Universal “Multi-Value” ''' (MV), 1936.
: Large frank with simulated-perforation outer frame line and straight inner frame line.
: The M# is in panel at bottom.
: “NEW ZEALAND” curved at top above “POSTAGE”.
: With “£ | s | d” below value figures.
: M# with “U” prefix, variable in size.
: TM: DC, nil
::::::::::::::::::::::::: V/F: {{space|4}} –/–0/– {{space|4}} 0/–0/–
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B11.jpg|left|370px]]
'''B11. Universal “Multi-Value” ''' (MV), 1953.
: As Type B10 but smaller, with double straight inner frame lines, and without “£ | s | d”.
: M# with “U” prefix.
: TM: DC, nil
: V/F: £sd: {{space|4}} 00/0= {{space|4}} 0/0= (U23 only)
: V/F: Decimal: {{space|4}} =.00 {{space|4}} 0oo 0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} 00.oo {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00=
::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B12.jpg|left|580px]]
'''B12. Universal “Simplex” ''' (LV-25), 1952.
: Similar to B11 but much smaller, 23 x 27 mm, and with two parallel vertical lines at each side of the figure of value figures.
: M# with “S” prefix.
: TM; DC or nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} ½d to 1/0½d in ½d increments, or 1d to 2/1 in 1d increments
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} 1¢ to 25¢ in 1¢ increments
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Decimal value without “¢” (S.1294)
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''b'''. Error, with both "d" and "c" currency indicators {{space|3}}[$10]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''c'''. Error, frame inverted, value upright. M# S.1111 {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''d'''. Printed in black
<br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B13.jpg|left|170px]]
'''B13. Universal/Pitney Bowes “Automax” ''' (MV).
: Very similar to Type B12 but larger.
: M# with “U” prefix.
: TM: DC or nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} =0/0=
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} =.00= {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00=
:::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B14.jpg|left|370px]]
'''B14. Hasler “F88” ''' (MV), 1953.
: With straight outer frame line, simulated inner frame line and third (straight) frame line.
: Ornaments below curved “NEW ZEALAND” at top.
: One machine only used until 1977.
: M# “K1” breaks bottom frame line.
: TM: BIC, nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} ✳00/0✳
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} ✳00'''.'''0✳
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B15.jpg|left|366px]]
'''B15. Francotyp “Cc” ''' (MV), 1955.
: “NEW ZEALAND” in panel at top, “POSTAGE” and M# in panel at bottom.
: M# with “X” prefix and with two short horizontal lines at the sides.
: TM: BIC, nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} 0/0½ {{space|4}} 00/0½
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} '''.'''00½ {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00½ {{space|4}} •0'''.'''00
:::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B16.jpg|left|397px]]
'''B16. Roneo Neopost "Frankmaster" / "305" ''' (MV).
: Value in oval frame with petals at sides.
: Crown at bottom below small “PAID”.
: M# with “RN” prefix.
: TM: DC, nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} 0/0½ {{space|4}} =0/0=
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} 0'''·'''00=
[[File:1982_Ross_Dependency_Meter_Marking.jpg|thumb|401x401px|Example of the 1982 Ross Dependency Meter Marking]]
Machine RN 108 was used at Ross Dependency (Antarctica) in 1982 specifically to mark the 25th Anniversary of Scott Base on 20 January 1982. <br>The machine used at Scott Base was RN 108, with a pictorial design added to the die celebrating the 25th Anniversary of Scott Base and a stylised image of Mount Erebus. Frankings were impressed both directly onto covers and onto adhesive labels for fixing to covers. <br>Examples of this Franking Machine marking are scarce with only about 30 covers recorded.
(Reference: The Postmarks of Ross Dependency, Mark Jurisich FRPSNZ, 3rd Edition Update April 2018, ISBN No: 978-0-9876534-1-3).
<br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B17.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B17. Aldridge “Stamp Master” ''' (FV-7), 1954.
: Small frank with straight, single line frame.
: Tiny “New Zealand/Postage” at top.
: M# nos. M1 to about M200, and M500 to about M600.
: TM: nil
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 3d, 6d, 1/-
:::::: Values: {{space|4}} 4d, 2/-, 3/- {{space|3}}[$10]
'''NOTE''': Although this machine did not have a town/date die, it could print slogans.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B18B.jpg|left|132px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B18A.jpg|left|132px]]
<br>
'''B18. Aldridge “Stamp Master” ''' (FV-7), 1955.
: As Type B17 but with simulated perforation frame line.
: Meter numbers start at 22.
:::::::: '''A'''. M# with “M.” prefix
:::::::: '''B'''. M# with “No. M” prefix
: TM: nil
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 1/-, 2/-, 3/-
'''NOTE''': Ten shilling stamps (meter M118) exist on a proof cover. The value has not been reported as actually issued or used. {{space|3}}[''Rare'']
<br><br><br>
{|
|-
|style="width:500px; vertical-align: top;"|
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B19.jpg|left|500px]]
|style="vertical-align: top;"|
'''B19. Hawkins “Ace” ''' (LV-12).
: Frank with 'checkerboard’ frame, 22 x 30 mm.
: M# with “A” prefix, A1 up.
:: '''A'''. £sd values:{{space|4}} 1<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 2<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 2½<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 3<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 4<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 6<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 9<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 1/-, 1/{{Resize|75%|3}}, 1/{{Resize|75%|6}}, 1/{{Resize|75%|9}}, 2/-
:: '''B'''. Decimal values with “CENTS” stacked at the sides:{{space|4}} 1, 2, 2½, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
:: '''C'''. Without “D” or “CENTS”:{{space|4}} 2½ seen
|}
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B20.jpg|780px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B20aa.jpg|right|200px]]
'''B20. Hawkins “Regent” ''' (LV-10), 1962.
: Large frank, 28-29 x 31-32 mm, with simulated-perforation outer frame line and straight inner frame line.
: With line bisecting frank above “POSTAGE”.
: M# with “Z” prefix.
:: '''A'''. £sd values with “D”:{{space|4}} 1d through 6d in ½ steps
:: '''B'''. £sd values with “PENCE” below:{{space|4}} 2½d, 3d, 4d, 5d seen
:: '''C'''. Decimal values with “CENTS” above:{{space|4}} 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c seen
:: '''D'''. Without currency indicator:{{space|4}} 3 seen (Z631)
: TM: nil
:: '''a'''. Without line under “NEW ZEALAND”: M# Z315
:: '''b'''. Printed in blue
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B21A.jpg|left|315px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B21B.jpg|left|340px]]
<br><br>
'''B21. Francotyp-Postalia "MS4/MS5" ''' (MV).
: Frank similar to Type B11.
: The panel at bottom containing the meter number is not as tall as with B11.
:::::::::::::::: '''A'''. MS4 model. Meter number with “PA" prefix. {{space|4}} V/F: 000
:::::::::::::::: '''B'''. MS5 model. Meter number with "PS" prefix. {{space|4}} V/F: 0000
: TM: DC or nil
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP C: Horizontal or square rectangle</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C1.jpg|left|210px]]
::::::::::::: '''C1. Hawkins “Mailmaster” ''' (LV-25+½)<sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup>
::::::::::::: Large frank, 27 x 32 mm, with simulated-perforation outer frame line and straight inner frame line.
::::::::::::: With “C” at each side of value figure.
::::::::::::: M# with “Y” prefix.
::::::::::::: TM: nil
::::::::::::: Values: {{space|3}} 2c through 40c seen
::::::::::::: <sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> The '''Mailmaster''' is chiefly a limited value (LV) machine but has a 2-bank<sup>(''see the glossary'')</sup> multi-value (MV) feature. The left bank prints one of 24 whole numbers (1 to 24, or 5 to 120 in 5c steps). The right bank prints a half-cent value (½) when the operator pushes a button on the front of the machine.
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C2A.jpg|left|130px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C2B.jpg|right|400px]]
'''C2. Mailroom Services Ltd. “Postmaster”''' (FV-5).
: Small nearly square frank of slightly variable size, 17-20 x 18-20 mm.
: Often with slogan in different color.
: M# with “P” prefix.
:::::::: '''A'''. Without “c” after value. {{space|2}} Values: {{space|1}} 6, 5, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 35 seen
:::::::: '''B'''. With “c” after value. {{space|2}} Values: {{space|1}} 7c, 8c, 10c, 12c, 20c, 30c seen
:::::: TM: nil
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C3A.jpg|left|210px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C3B.jpg|left|210px]]
::::::::::::: '''C3. Hawkins “New Rotex”'''<sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> (LV-25+½)<sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup>
::::::::::::: Checkerboard frame, 32-33 x 27 mm.
::::::::::::: Large “N” and “Z” at the sides.
::::::::::::: M# with “B” prefix.
:::::::::::::: '''A'''. £sd values with “PENCE” below “POSTAGE” {{space|3}}[''Scarce'']
:::::::::::::: '''B'''. Decimal values with “CENTS” below “POSTAGE”
::::::::::::: TM: nil
::::::::::::: Values: {{space|3}} ½ through 24½
::::::::::::: <sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> The '''New Rotex''' is basically the same machine as the '''Mailmaster''' (C1), but modified to include decimal values.
::::::::::::: <sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> The '''New Rotex''' is chiefly a limited value (LV) machine but has a 2-bank<sup>(''see the glossary'')</sup> multi-value (MV) feature. The left bank prints one of 24 whole numbers (1 to 24, or 5 to 120 in 5c steps). The right bank prints a half-cent value (½) when the operator pushes a button on the front of the machine.
<br><br>
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C4.jpg|left|336px]]
'''C4. Satas "Baby"''' (MV).
: Small frank slightly wider than tall.
: With simulated perforation outer border and straight-line inner border.
: Inner panel at bottom contains the meter number with "SA" prefix.
: TM not seen
: V/F: {{space|3}} 0'''.''' 00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C5.jpg|left|322px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C5 note.jpg|right|485px]]
'''C5. Neopost “205/2205” ''' (MV).
: Square frank with herringbone sides and rays in lower corners.
: M# with “J” prefix.
: TM: BIC or nil
<br><br>
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} ★/0 – {{space|4}} •0′0 –
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} •00 – {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} 00 –
'''NOTE''': Examples with slogan and town mark in different colors are known.
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C6.jpg|left|362px]]
:::::::::::::::::: '''C6. Neopost “505” ''' (MV).
:::::::::::::::::: As Type C5 but wider than tall.
:::::::::::::::::: M# with “R” prefix.
:::::::::::::::::: TM: BIC or nil
:::::::::::::::::: V/F: {{space|3}} 0•00 {{space|4}} ★•00
::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. TM solid (unengraved)
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C6point1.jpg|left|340px]]
'''C6.1. Neopost “Electronic” ''' (MV).
: Similar to Type C6 but frank not as wide.
: M# with “EN” prefix.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} <span style="font-size:large;">≋</span>000
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C7A.jpg|left|355px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C7B.jpg|left|360px]]
<br>
<br>
'''C7. Hasler “Mailmaster” ''' (MV).
: Wide frank with “NEW ZEALAND” in panel at top, M# and “POSTAGE” in panel at bottom.
: Country map left of value figures.
: M# with “D” prefix.
:::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. With vertical line between the meter number and “POSTAGE”
:::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. No line between meter number and “POSTAGE”
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} 00'''.'''00
<br><br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C8.jpg|left|370px]]
<br>
'''C8. Hasler "Smile"''' (MV).
: Nearly identical to Type C7A but the spacing between the date and value figures is slightly wider (~28mm compared to ~25mm)
: and the value figures are somewhat thinner.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} 00'''.'''00
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C9.jpg|left|364px]]
<br>
'''C9. Frama "M/E3"''' (MV).
: Nearly identical to Type C7A but the value figures are thicker and larger.
: Meter number with “F” prefix.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} 0'''.'''00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C10.jpg|left|340px]]
'''C10. Satas (''Neopost "Electronic"'')''' (MV).
: The stamp is identical to Australia Type H3 but with NEW ZEALAND at top.
: A small sheep in profile is in the upper right corner.
: Meter number SATAS / SA1002 seen.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} <span style="font-size:large;">≋</span>0'''.'''00
<br><br><br><br>
----
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP D: Frank without complete outer frame</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type D1A.jpg|left|350px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type D1B.jpg|left|360px]]
<br><br>
'''D1. Pitney Bowes-GB “5000” series''' (MV).
: Simulated-perforation frame lines at top and bottom, open at sides.
: Frank design with concave curve at left to fit around town mark.
: M# with “P.B.” prefix below four stars at center between date and value figures.
:::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. Top line of frank 40 mm wide. {{space|4}} V/F: {{space|2}}≋0'''.'''00
:::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. Wide frank, top line 48 mm wide. {{space|4}} V/F: {{space|2}}≋00'''.'''00
: TM: DC or nil
:::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. With advertising slogan instead of town name inside DC town mark
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type D2.jpg|left|340px]]
<br>
'''D2. Pitney Bowes-GB “6300” series''' (MV).
: Similar to Type D1 but frank squared off at left, and date and value figures on same level.
: M# with “P.B.” prefix.
: TM: DC or nil
: V/F: {{space|4}} ≋0'''.'''00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type D3.jpg|left|358px]]
<br>
'''D3. Pitney Bowes-GB “6900” ''' (MV).
: As Type D1 but much taller.
: “POSTAGE” below value figures.
: M# with “PBZ” prefix.
: TM: SC, DC
: V/F: {{space|4}} ≋0'''.'''00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type D4.jpg|left|358px]]
'''D4. Pitney Bowes-GB “EasyMail” ''' (digital).
: Wide and short design without town mark.
: "NEW ZEALAND POST" across top with logo at left.
: M# with “PBC” prefix.
: Three numbers stacked at left, M#, date and post code (or "0000") stacked at right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00
<br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP E: Frank with 2D digital barcode</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type P1.jpeg|left|315px]]
'''E1. Pitney Bowes "DM300" ''' (digital).
: Large, square 2D barcode at right.
: "''New Zealand Post"'' and envelope logo at top left above value figures.
: Meter number with "P23" prefix at bottom.
: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00<span style="font-size:x-small;">0</span>
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type PO3.jpg|left|310px]]
'''E2. Pitney Bowes "K700" ''' (digital).
: Very similar to Type E1.
: Value figures are more narrowly spaced than with E1.
: The meter number figures are larger than with E1.
: Meter number with "P19" prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00<span style="font-size:x-small;">0</span>
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type E3.jpg|left|380px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type E3 P17.jpg|left|325px]]
<br><br>
'''E3. Pitney Bowes "DM100" ''' plus other DM models (digital).
: As Types E1 and E2.
: Value figures narrowly spaced as with E2.
: Small meter number digits as with E1.
::::::::::::::::: Meter number with "P11", "P12", or "P17" prefix.
::::::::::::::::: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00<span style="font-size:x-small;">0</span>
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP PO: Stamps generated only by meters in Post Offices</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PO1.jpg|left|580px]]
<br>
'''PO1. NCR'''. {{space|3}}[$10]
: Frameless design with post office name at top, “POSTAGE PAID” at center, date and value figures at bottom.
: Printed on adhesive labels with straight sides and serrations at top and bottom.
: This stamp was used on both regular mail and parcel post.
: Printed in red or violet on white tape.
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} 0·0·0 {{space|4}} * 0·0·0
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} 0·00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type PO2.jpg|left|450px]]
<br>
'''PO2'''. Unidentified (digital), 2008 or earlier.
: Large self adhesive label with horizontal panels.
: Top panel contains "New Zealand Post" and postal service logo.
: Next panel contains the destination in negative lettering on a solid field.
: The third panel contains the mail class.
: The large bottom panel contains three lines of point-of-sale data:
:::::::::::::::::::::: * weight and value figures
:::::::::::::::::::::: * post office identification
:::::::::::::::::::::: * date, time, and identification number
: Printed in black that can fade to brown as the example shown.
: V/F: {{space|4}} Price: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 (with slashed zeros)
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP PP: Special stamps used for Parcel Post</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PP1.jpg|left|340px]]
'''PP1. Ticket Issue Machines''' (LV-12), 1950. {{space|3}}[''Exceptionally rare'']
: Box at left with “PARCEL POST” reading up.
: Value figure in box at right.
: Town name/ date in center.
: Printed on white tape imperforate at top and bottom, perforated at the sides.
: One machine in use from late May to mid August 1950.
: Values: {{space|4}} 8d, 1/-, 1/2, 1/3, 1/9, 2/-, 2/6, 2/9, 3/1, 3/3, 3/6, 4/-
'''NOTE''': A pre-production Specimen exists. It is printed on pink paper tape instead of white but otherwise look the same {{space|3}}[''One example known, dated 14 October 1949'']
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PP2.jpg|left|320px]]
<br>
'''PP2. National Cash Register "126" ''' (11 December 1959).
: Frameless design printed on square self-adhesive labels.
: The stamp consists of three lines of text: town line above "POSTAGE PAID" at top, date and value figures at bottom.
:::::::::::::::: '''A'''. "POSTAGE PAID" alone
:::::::::::::::: '''B'''. "POSTAGE PAID" with long dashes at the sides {{space|3}}[$20, ''one machine only'']
: Eight machines were eventually placed into use.
: V/F: {{space|4}} <span style="font-size:x-large;"><sub>*</sub></span>0<sup><span style="font-size:x-large;">.</span></sup> 0<sup><span style="font-size:x-large;">.</span></sup> 0(½)
<br><br><br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PP3B.jpg|left|330px]]
'''PP3. Setright''' (MV), 16 August 1960.
: Similar in appearance to Type PP1 the Setright stamp has NEW ZEALAND at top below the town name.
: The vertical panel at left contains "PARCEL POST / PAID" rather than just PARCEL POST.
:::::::::::::::: '''A'''. Town line "WELLINGTON" {{space|4}} [''extremely rare, in use two weeks only, value undeterined'')]
:::::::::::::::: '''B'''. Town line "KILBIRNIE" {{space|3}}[$25]
: V/F : {{space|4}} <span style="font-size:large;">0</span>/0 {{space|5}} <span style="font-size:large;">0</span>/'''='''
<br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP PV: Stamps generated only by public access, self-service, coin-operated machines</span> ==
<span style="font-size:medium; color:blue;">'''NOTE''': See also Types A1, A2, A4, and A5.</span>
----
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PV1.jpg|left|180px]]
'''PV1. Comac''' (FV-1), 1964. {{space|3}}[$75]
: Stamp from experimental public access self-service meter.
: Large stamp with simulated perforation outer border and straight line inner border.
: “NEW ZEALAND/ POST OFFICE” at top.
: “C.P.O. CH.” (Central Post Office Christchurch) in bottom panel.
: One machine only.
: One value only: {{space|4}} 3d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type PV2.jpg|left|150px]]
'''PV2. Comac''' (FV-1), 1972. {{space|3}}[$20 on cover, $200 for a set of twelve]
: Self-service meter stamp.
: Similar to Type PV1 but much smaller.
: Bottom panel contains “C.P.O.” plus two letter abbreviation for the town where the machine was located.
: Twelve machines were in use for a short time.
::::::::: '''A'''. “AK” (Auckland)
::::::::: '''B'''. “CH” (Christchurch)
::::::::: '''C'''. “DN” (Dunedin)
::::::::: '''D'''. “HN” (Hamilton)
::::::::: '''E'''. “IN” (Invercargill)
::::::::: '''F'''. “NA” (Napier)
::::::::: '''G'''. “NN” (Nelson)
::::::::: '''H'''. “NU” (New Plymouth)
::::::::: '''I'''. “PM” (Palmerston North)
::::::::: '''J'''. “TU” (Timaru)
::::::::: '''K'''. “WG” (Wanganui)
::::::::: '''L'''. “WN” (Wellington)
:::::::: One value only: {{space|4}} 5c
<br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP OO: Special stamps used for official government mail</span> ==
<span style="font-size:medium; color:blue;">These stamps were used until the 1930s (or possibly later). More recent Official meter stamps are indistinguishable from regular business meter stamps and can be identified only by the return address.</span>
----
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO1.jpg|left|240px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO1aa.jpg|right|125px]]
'''OO1. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1907.
: As Type A8 but with department name at top, and without meter number.
: Normally printed in black.
:::::::::::: '''A'''. “TAXES” at top, “A” below value figure. {{space|4}} Value: 1d {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::::::: '''B'''. “TOURIST” at top, “A” below value figure.
::::::::::::: Value: {{space|4}} 1d {{space|3}}[$600]
::::::::::::: Value: {{space|4}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$1000]
:::::::::::: '''C'''. “ADVANCES” at top, "B" below value figure. {{space|3}}[$750]
:::::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in red or green {{space|4}} [Add $400]
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO2A.jpg|left|137px]]
'''OO2. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1910.
: As Type B1A but with departmental name in diagonal panel.
: “POSTAGE / PAID” at top left.
:::::::: '''A'''. “MARINE” with “A” above value figure. {{space|4}} Values: ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$250]
:::::::: '''B'''. “P.T. CHCH.”
:::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 6d {{space|3}}[$250]
:::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::: '''C'''. “P.T. AUCK.” {{space|3}}[$500]
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO3.jpg|left|267px]]
'''OO3. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1910.
: As Type OO2 but with “OFFICIAL/ PAID/ N.Z.” at top left.
: “•P. & S. DEPT.” in diagonal panel.
:::::::::::::: '''A'''. Printed in black {{space|3}}[$250]
:::::::::::::: '''B'''. Printed in red {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} 6d, 1/- {{space|3}}[Add $150]
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO4.jpg|left|385px]]
'''OO4. 1915, AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1915.
: As Type B2 but with departmental name in place of town name.
: Printed in black.
::::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. “MARINE. A”, meter number nil {{space|3}}[$150]
::::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. “P&S DEPT”, meter number nil {{space|3}}[$250]
::::::::::::::::::: '''C'''. “P.T. CHCH•”, meter number nil {{space|3}}[$250]
::::::::::::::::::: '''D'''. “P.T.W.” Meter number 33 {{space|3}}[$150]
::::::::::::::::::: '''E'''. “TAXES” and “A” {{space|4}} [''Reported but not verified'']
::::::::::::::::: Value: {{space|4}} 1½d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO5.jpg|left|270px]]
'''OO5. AFM (Moss) models “D” ''' and''' “E” ''' (FV-5), 1918.
: As Type B3 but with department name at bottom and town name abbreviation or “A” in center circle.
: Known printed in black, maroon, dull red and pink.
: Listed below are verified department names. Others possibly exist.
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 1½d {{space|3}}[$10]
:::::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} 3d, 1/- {{space|3}}[$50]
:'''NOTE''': The 2d value may exist.
<br>
:::{|
| ADVCES TO SETTLERS (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| AGRICULTURE (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| BASE REC (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| BOARD OF TRADE (WEL<sup>TN</sup>, WN)
|-
| C. & S. (WN)
| C & S (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| COAL CONTROL DEPT (?)
| COAL DEPOT OFF. (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| COLLR OF CUSTOMS (AUK)
| COMMN CROWN LANDS (AUK, CHCH, DUNEDIN)
|-
| COMM OF PENSIONS (WELL<sup>TN</sup>)
| CUSTOM-HOUSE (WN)
|-
| CUSTOMS (WN, WEL<sup>TN</sup>, nil)
| DEFENCE DEPT (AUK, DUNEDN, DDN)
|-
| DEFENCE HEADQTRS (PALMN/NORTH) {{space|5}}
| DEF. DEP. MILTY SUP. BR (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| DEPT INTERN AFFRS (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| DIS. HEALTH OFF. AK (AUK)
|-
| DIS. HEALTH OFF. WN (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| DEPT OF MINES (WN, WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| DEPT PUB. TRUST (WHG)
| DEPT PUB. TRUSTEE (AUK)
|-
| DEPT P. WORKS (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| D. O. AGRIC (CH)
|-
| EDUCATION BOARD (WN)
| EDUCATION DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| FORESTRY DEPT (WN)
| GHQ DEFENCE (WN)
|-
| GOV. IMG. DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| GOVT INSCE (A, WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| H. OFF. DEFENCE DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| HEALTH (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| HEALTH CHCH (CHCH)
| IMPSUPPLY (WEL<sup>TN</sup>, nil)
|-
| LABOUR DEPT, WELL (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| MARINE & INSPN/MACHINERY DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| NAT PRO F.S. DEPT (AK)
| NATIVE DEPT (WG)
|-
| ORD. DEPT (TRN)
| PENSIONS DEPT (AK, WN)
|-
| PNTG & STATY DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| PRNTG & STATY DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| PUB. HEALTH (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| P. TRUST DEPT, DDN (DDN, SLD)
|-
| P. TRUST DEPT., WEL<sup>TN</sup> (A)
| PUB. TRUST. LOC. DEPT (CHCH)
|-
| PUBLIC TRUSTEE (WEL<sup>TN</sup>, WN)
| PUBLIC WORKS (WN, WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| RAILWAYS (WN, 1)
| STAMPS (WN)
|-
| STATE ADVANCES (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| STATE COAL MINES (GRAYMH)
|-
| TAXES DEPT WELL (A, WN)
| TOURIST DEPT WELL (A)
|-
| TREASY DEPT (CHCH, WEL<sup>TN</sup>, nil)
| UNDR SECY LANDS DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|}
<br><br><br><br>
----
<div class="center"><span style="font-size:medium; color:green;">Return to main catalog →</span> <u>[[../]]</u></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="center"><span style="font-size:medium; color:green;">Return to top →</span> <u>[[International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/New Zealand|New_Zealand]]</u></div>
<br><br>
----
{{BookCat}}
to3i1mhs4iej436g2c4uvxfj2avy1cv
4637368
4637365
2026-05-24T07:26:53Z
Stamps1840
3593543
Made text shorter and clearer for the reader.
4637368
wikitext
text/x-wiki
= New Zealand =
<div style="font-size:medium;">
* One of the earliest countries to use postage meters, the first meter was put on public trial in 1904. New Zealand is the only country to use meters on a commercial, non-experimental basis from 1905 to late 1920.
* Unlike most other meter-using countries, meter stamps in New Zealand are often printed without a town mark/date stamp and are considered no different from preprinted adhesive postage. As such metered mail is usually found with postal cancelations. If a town mark is present, it is often not canceled.
* Meter manufacturers in New Zealand:
:: The Automatic Stamping Machine Co. (ASM) (Ernest Moss), 1904
:: The Automatic Franking Machine Co. Ltd. (AFM) (successor to ASM)
:: New Zealand Franking Machine Co. Ltd. (NZFM) (Robert Wales), 1904
:: C.R. Hawkins Ltd. (successor to AFM, 1932)
:: A.H. Aldridge
:: Coin Machines Ltd. (Comac), 1964
* The stamps are grouped according to appearance of frank and function:
:: A – circular and oval franks
:: B – upright rectangle
:: C – horizontal or square rectangle
:: D – frank without complete outer frame
:: PO – special stamps generated only in Post Offices
:: PP – special stamp used only for Parcel Post
:: PV – stamps from public, self-service, coin-operated machines
:: OO – special stamps used for Official government mail
'''NOTE''': The early Group A stamps were self-service public vending machine stamps. They have been cataloged in Group A rather than Group PV because of the close developmental relationship they have with other Group A stamps.
<br /><br />
</div>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP A: Circular and oval franks</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A1.jpg|left|126px]]
'''A1. ASM (Moss) model “1”, 1st state ''' (FV-1), 31 March 1904.
: One meter only, a public, coin-operated, self-service machine.
: Double circular stamp with rings 19.5 and 12 mm in diameter.
: Inscribed “N.Z. POSTAL STAMP / No 1” between the circles and “1D / PAID” in the center.
: Printed in black from a rubber die.
: Postal guidance required the stamps to be postmarked.
:::::::: '''A'''. Used outside the main Post Office at Christchurch, 31 March to 15 April 1904 {{space|3}}[$600]
:::::::: '''B'''. Used outside the main Post Office in Wellington from 4 to 23 May 1904 {{space|3}}[$900]
<br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A2.jpg|left|148px]]
<br>
'''A2. ASM (Moss) model “1”, 2nd state ''' (FV-1), 23 June 1904. {{space|3}}[$900]
: Almost identical to Type A1 but slightly larger, 21 and 13 mm.
: Printed in black with a steel die.
: Public, coin-operated, self-service meter used outside the Wellington main Post Office, 23 June to 4 November 1904.
: This is from the same machine used for Type A1. Only the frank die was changed.
<br><br>
'''A3. ASM (Moss) model “2” ''' (FV-2), 11 July to 10 August 1904. {{space|4}} [''One cover with 1d stamp known to exist. Value undetermined'']
: The stamp is identical in appearance to Type A1, but it is from a meter modified for use in a private business setting rather than as a public, self-service meter.
: It can be identified by the postmark date which is later than for Type A1 and by the logo in blue of the Christchurch Meat Company on the envelope.
: The machine operated by insertion of a Sovereign (£1 coin) which allowed a mix of up to 240 one penny or 480 ½d impressions before re-locking.
: It is possible the ½d value was inoperable when the machine was placed with Christchurch Meat.
: Meter No. 1 only.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d
'''NOTE''': Souvenir impressions from the machine were made long after its brief period of postal use. These souvenir impressions are all badly warped due to aging of the rubber die and are usually found on small squares of lined paper. {{space|3}}[$25]
<br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A4.jpg|left|120px]]
<br>
'''A4. NZFM (Wales) ''' (FV-1), 7 July to early October 1904. {{space|3}}[$800]
: Narrow, upright double oval with ”N Z” at top.
: “ONE PENNY” at bottom, “1<span style="font-size:x-small;">D</span>” at the sides, and blank in the center.
: Public, coin-operated, self-service meter installed outside the Dunedin Post Office.
: Printed in black.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A5.jpg|left|165px]]
<br>
'''A5. NZFM (Wales) ''' (FV-1), 10 October 1904 to 7 February, 1905. {{space|3}}[$800]
: Narrow upright oval as with Type A4 but “NEW ZEALAND” spelled out at top.
: “ONE PENNY” at bottom.
: “PAID” vertical in the center.
: This is from the same machine used for Type A4. Only the frank die was changed.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A6.jpg|760px]]
<br>
'''A6. ASC (Moss) model “3” ''' (FV-7), 8 February 1906.
: Double circles 19 and 11mm in diameter, with “<span style="font-size:x-small;">★</span> NEW ZEALAND <span style="font-size:x-small;">★</span>/ POSTAGE PAID” between the circles.
: The center contains the postage value above the meter number.
: Printed with a metal (zinc) die.
: Sovereign (£1 coin)-in-the-slot operation as with Type A3.
: Three machines were made:
::: '''A'''. '''N<u>o</u>1''', used by Christchurch Meat Co. Two covers (½d stamp and 1d stamp) and a single cutout (1d stamp) exist, printed in violet {{space|3}}[$2000]
::: '''B'''. '''N<u>o</u>2''', used by Pyne & Co, Christchurch. Two registered covers with 5d stamps (violet), and a cover and cut-out with 1d stamp (black) are known {{space|3}}[$2000]
::: '''C'''. '''N<u>o</u>3''', demonstration machine. A small number of value sets (less the 3d) are known to exist, printed in red or black and produced at a later date. {{space|3}}[$500]
: Values: The model was capable of printing ½d, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d values.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A7.jpg|left|280px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A7a.jpg|right|210px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A7b.jpg|right|135px]]
'''A7. ASC (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), Summer 1906.
: Very similar to Type A6 but the frank is slightly smaller with circles 17.5-18 and 10mm in diameter.
: These stamps are from the first credit machine, an improvement over the Sovereign coin-in-the-slot operation. A postal employee would travel between meter users to collect payments and recharge the meters.
: The stamps are found printed in black, purple, blue, red, and green. Black is relatively common with purple being rare. Blue, green and red are exceptionally rare.
: Meter No’s: 1 to 22 have “No.” prefix. Meters from 23 to 44 are without prefix. These were all issued to Christchurch firms.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$75]
: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$250]
: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$350]
: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$600]
:: '''a'''. Printed in purple {{space|4}} [''Add $50 to ½d and 1d stamps, $100 or more to the other denominations'']
:: '''b'''. Printed in blue, red, or green {{space|4}} [''Add $250. Known only with ½d and 1d stamps'']
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8.jpg|left|250px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8a.jpg|right|124px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8b.jpg|right|125px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type A8c.jpg|right|125px]]
'''A8. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1907.
: This is from the same model "C" meter that produced Type A7. Only the frank dies were changed.
: Single circle 18 mm in diameter.
: Town name, normally with “NZ”, added at top.
: “POSTAGE PAID” at bottom.
:::::::::::: Meter numbers start at 1 in each town.
:::::::::::: The stamps are found printed in black, blue, and purple. Black is relatively common with blue being rare and purple very rare.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$50]
: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$200]
: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$400]
: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$500]
:: '''a'''. Printed in blue {{space|4}} [''Add $50 to ½d and 1d stamps, $100 or more to the other denominations'']
:: '''b'''. Printed in purple {{space|4}} [''Add $250. Known only with ½d and 1d stamps'']
:: '''c'''. Town name only, without “NZ”. Napier 1, 2, 4-9, and Gisborne 1-5 recorded {{space|4}} [''Add $25'']
'''NOTE''': The Wellington stamp dies from 1 to 26 have the town name abbreviated "WELL<span style="font-size:x-small;"><u>GTN</u></span>. From 27 forward the name is spelled out in full.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type A9.jpg|720px]]
'''A9. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), late 1908.
: This is from the same model "C" meter that produced Types A7 and A8. Only the frank dies were changed.
: Large circle, 21-22 mm in diameter, with different interior design for each value:
::: '''A'''. ½d: {{space|4}} plain single circle {{space|3}}[$50]
::: '''B'''. 1d: {{space|4}} diamond {{space|3}}[$50]
::: '''C'''. 3d: {{space|4}} square with four semicircles {{space|3}}[$250]
::: '''D'''. 6d: {{space|4}} lines at top and bottom and small circles at the sides {{space|3}}[$500]
::: '''E'''. 1/-: {{space|4}} shield {{space|3}}[$1000]
: Town name alone at top, without country name or "NZ".
: Meter numbers for each town are the same as used with Type A8.
: Normally printed in black.
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP B: Upright rectangle</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1A.jpg|left|137px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1B.jpg|left|132px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1aa.jpg|right|137px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B1 note.jpg|right|430px]]
'''B1. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1910.
: Frank is upright rectangle with rounded corners.
: The town name is in a diagonal panel.
: Meter numbers start at 1 in each town.
:::::::: '''A'''. Straight line rectangle (with rounded corners) with, “POSTAGE PAID NZ" in upper left.
::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$40]
::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$100]
::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$300]
::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::: '''B'''. Frank frame is wavy line, "POSTAGE PAID" without "NZ" in upper left. Began use in 1915 with a postal rate change. {{space|3}}[$60]
::::::::: One value only: {{space|4}} 1½d
:::::::: '''a'''. Printed in deep blue or purple (Dunedin 34, Hastings 2, Napier 1 and 12 seen, ½d and 1d known). {{space|4}} [Add $100]
'''NOTE''': As the stamp dies were replaced in the Model "C" machines (from Type A7 through A9 to B1) a small number of machines had only some of the value dies replaced with the newer designs. Covers with multiple stamp types (B1 with A8 or A9) occasionally turn up. They are quite rare. Shown at right is a portion of a mailing tag franked with 1 shilling Type A8 and 1½d Type B1B, both from meter Auckland 50.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B2.jpg|522px]]
<br>
'''B2. AFM (Moss), models “D” '''and ''' “E” ''' (1924), (FV-5), 11 May 1916.
[[File:New Zealand Type B2cc.jpg|right|210px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO6.jpg|right|130px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B2c.jpg|right|130px]]
: Straight frame line with squared corners.
: Meter number in circle in center, town name at bottom.
: Meter numbers continue up from those used with Type B1.
: The stamps were at first printed in black, then maroon (dark purple), then dull red and finally pink. Dull red and pink are the most common with black and maroon less so.
: The stamps from the "D" and "E" models are identical.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 1½d, 2d, 6d, ONE SHILLING
: Value: {{space|5}} 3d {{space|3}}[$15]
:: '''a'''. Printed in black {{space|4}} [''Uncommon'']
:: '''b'''. Printed in maroon (dull purple) {{space|4}} [''Uncommon'']
:: '''c'''. Printed in non-standard dark aniline purple {{space|4}} [''Very rare'']
:: '''d'''. Relief stamp (temporary replacement or ‘loaner’ machine). Meter number with “R” prefix. Meters R1-R5 {{space|3}}[$350]
:: '''e'''. Relief stamp (temporary replacement or ‘loaner’ machine). "SOS" in center circle {{space|3}}[$500]
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B3.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B3. AFM (Moss) model “D”''' (FV-5), November 1922.
: Similar to Type B2 but special design from a machine used at the Christchurch Industrial Exhibition.
: "N.Z. / INDUSTRIAL" above, and "EXHIBITION" below the central circle which contains "CH CH”.
: In operation only for seven weeks.
: Value: {{space|4}} “ONE PENNY” {{space|3}}[$500]
: Values: [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]] “HALF PENNY" {{space|4}} "ONE SHILLING" {{space|4}} [Extremely rare, value uncertain, $2000?]
::::::::: These two values are known on small sheets with large "CANCELLED" hand stamp. They were handed to the public as souvenirs of the show. The one shilling value is also known on an unmailed cover.
'''NOTE''': The 1½d and 6d values may exist but have not been reported.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B4.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B4. AFM (Moss) model “E”''' plus converted '''"model D"'''s (FV-5), 1928.
: Double-line outer rim with rounded corners.
: “NEW ZEALAND/POSTAGE” at top without town name.
: Meter numbers 1501 up without prefix.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 1½d, 2d
:::::: Values: {{space|4}} 3d, 6d, 1/-
:::::: Value: {{space|4}} 2½d {{space|3}}[$10]
'''NOTE''': At least one Model E machine (E142) was converted to decimal currency at some point. The postage values are 1, 2½, 3 and 5 cents. The one shilling value remained in the dial but was disabled and could not be selected. From the condition of the machine it appears that it had been in use, but no franked covers or examples of the decimal stamps have ever been reported. The machine is in the hands of a collector who says that all the dies had been removed when he received it and so is not possible to produce proofs after the fact.
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B5.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B5. Hawkins, model “F” (the "Duo") ''' (FV-2), January 1931. {{space|3}}[$50]
: As Type B4 but meter number with “F” prefix.
: Meters F1 through F42 were reportedly fielded.
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B6A.jpg|left|375px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B6c.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B6B.jpg|left|360px]]
[[File:New Zealand Type B6d.jpg|340px|right]]
'''B6. Neopost''' (L/V-3/6), 1931.
: Herringbone pattern at sides with rays in lower corners.
: Value figure (variable in size) in center with "POSTAGE" above and "PAID" below.
:M# with “N” prefix.
: TM: DC, BIC or nil
:::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. £sd values: {{space|4}} 1d, 2d, 2½d, 3d, 4d, 6d
::::::::::::::::::: £sd value: {{space|5}} 1/- {{space|3}}[$10]
::::::::::::::::::: £sd values: {{space|4}} 9d, 1/6, 1/9 . {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. Decimal values: {{space|4}} 2½c through 25c seen {{space|3}}[$10]
:::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Solid block in place of meter number
:::::::::::::::::: '''b'''. M# with “No N” prefix
:::::::::::::::::: '''c'''. Printed in green
:::::::::::::::::: '''d'''. TM solid (unengraved)
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B7.jpg|left|370px]]
'''B7. Neopost ''' (LV). {{space|3}}[$300]
: Unique design similar to Type B7 with herringbone pattern at sides, but “POSTAGE” in arc over “PAID” above small value figure at bottom center.
: Meter number in lower corners, and postage value at bottom center.
: Meter N71 only, used by Hikurangi Dairy Co.
: This stamp is most likely the result of a locally fabricated repair.
: Values seen: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B8 pence.jpg|left|615px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B8 cents.jpg|left|330px]]
'''B8. Hawkins “Rotex” ''' (FV-5), December 1931.
: Frank with single line, simulated perforation border.
: M# with “G” prefix, G1 up.
: TM: squared circle with horizontal line background, or nil
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Values: £sd: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 6d, 1/-
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Values: Decimal: {{space|4}} ½c, 1c, 2c, 4c, 12c seen
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Without letter prefix: 1332 {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''b'''. Slogan applied to back of envelope {{space|3}}[$100]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''c'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B9.jpg|left|285px]]
'''B9. Hawkins “Sentinel” ''' (FV-3), 1937.
: Nearly identical to Type B8 but M# with “H” prefix.
: Known in two sizes.
: TM: nil
: Values: £sd: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 2½d, 3d, 4d, 6d
: Values: : Decimal: {{space|4}} 1c, 2c, 2½c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 7c, 8c, 10c, 12c, 14c, 17c, 20c seen
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B10.jpg|left|555px]]
'''B10. Universal “Multi-Value” ''' (MV), 1936.
: Large frank with simulated-perforation outer frame line and straight inner frame line.
: The M# is in panel at bottom.
: “NEW ZEALAND” curved at top above “POSTAGE”.
: With “£ | s | d” below value figures.
: M# with “U” prefix, variable in size.
: TM: DC, nil
::::::::::::::::::::::::: V/F: {{space|4}} –/–0/– {{space|4}} 0/–0/–
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B11.jpg|left|370px]]
'''B11. Universal “Multi-Value” ''' (MV), 1953.
: As Type B10 but smaller, with double straight inner frame lines, and without “£ | s | d”.
: M# with “U” prefix.
: TM: DC, nil
: V/F: £sd: {{space|4}} 00/0= {{space|4}} 0/0= (U23 only)
: V/F: Decimal: {{space|4}} =.00 {{space|4}} 0oo 0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} 00.oo {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00=
::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B12.jpg|left|580px]]
'''B12. Universal “Simplex” ''' (LV-25), 1952.
: Similar to B11 but much smaller, 23 x 27 mm, and with two parallel vertical lines at each side of the figure of value figures.
: M# with “S” prefix.
: TM; DC or nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} ½d to 1/0½d in ½d increments, or 1d to 2/1 in 1d increments
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} 1¢ to 25¢ in 1¢ increments
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Decimal value without “¢” (S.1294)
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''b'''. Error, with both "d" and "c" currency indicators {{space|3}}[$10]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''c'''. Error, frame inverted, value upright. M# S.1111 {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '''d'''. Printed in black
<br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B13.jpg|left|170px]]
'''B13. Universal/Pitney Bowes “Automax” ''' (MV).
: Very similar to Type B12 but larger.
: M# with “U” prefix.
: TM: DC or nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} =0/0=
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} =.00= {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00=
:::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B14.jpg|left|370px]]
'''B14. Hasler “F88” ''' (MV), 1953.
: With straight outer frame line, simulated inner frame line and third (straight) frame line.
: Ornaments below curved “NEW ZEALAND” at top.
: One machine only used until 1977.
: M# “K1” breaks bottom frame line.
: TM: BIC, nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} ✳00/0✳
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} ✳00'''.'''0✳
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B15.jpg|left|366px]]
'''B15. Francotyp “Cc” ''' (MV), 1955.
: “NEW ZEALAND” in panel at top, “POSTAGE” and M# in panel at bottom.
: M# with “X” prefix and with two short horizontal lines at the sides.
: TM: BIC, nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} 0/0½ {{space|4}} 00/0½
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} '''.'''00½ {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00½ {{space|4}} •0'''.'''00
:::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in black
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B16.jpg|left|397px]]
'''B16. Roneo Neopost "Frankmaster" / "305" ''' (MV).
: Value in oval frame with petals at sides.
: Crown at bottom below small “PAID”.
: M# with “RN” prefix.
: TM: DC, nil
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} 0/0½ {{space|4}} =0/0=
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} 0'''·'''00=
[[File:1982_Ross_Dependency_Meter_Marking.jpg|thumb|391x391px|Example of the 1982 Ross Dependency Meter Marking]]
RN 108 used at Ross Dependency (Antarctica) to mark the 25th Anniversary of Scott Base on 20 January 1982. <br>The machine used at Scott Base had a pictorial design added to the die to the left of the date-stamp.
Frankings were impressed both directly onto covers and onto adhesive labels for fixing to covers.
Examples are scarce with only about 30 covers recorded. (Reference: The Postmarks of Ross Dependency, Mark Jurisich FRPSNZ, 3rd Edition Update April 2018, ISBN No: 978-0-9876534-1-3).
<br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B17.jpg|left|130px]]
'''B17. Aldridge “Stamp Master” ''' (FV-7), 1954.
: Small frank with straight, single line frame.
: Tiny “New Zealand/Postage” at top.
: M# nos. M1 to about M200, and M500 to about M600.
: TM: nil
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 3d, 6d, 1/-
:::::: Values: {{space|4}} 4d, 2/-, 3/- {{space|3}}[$10]
'''NOTE''': Although this machine did not have a town/date die, it could print slogans.
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type B18B.jpg|left|132px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B18A.jpg|left|132px]]
<br>
'''B18. Aldridge “Stamp Master” ''' (FV-7), 1955.
: As Type B17 but with simulated perforation frame line.
: Meter numbers start at 22.
:::::::: '''A'''. M# with “M.” prefix
:::::::: '''B'''. M# with “No. M” prefix
: TM: nil
: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 1/-, 2/-, 3/-
'''NOTE''': Ten shilling stamps (meter M118) exist on a proof cover. The value has not been reported as actually issued or used. {{space|3}}[''Rare'']
<br><br><br>
{|
|-
|style="width:500px; vertical-align: top;"|
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B19.jpg|left|500px]]
|style="vertical-align: top;"|
'''B19. Hawkins “Ace” ''' (LV-12).
: Frank with 'checkerboard’ frame, 22 x 30 mm.
: M# with “A” prefix, A1 up.
:: '''A'''. £sd values:{{space|4}} 1<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 2<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 2½<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 3<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 4<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 6<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 9<SUP>{{Small|D}}</SUP>, 1/-, 1/{{Resize|75%|3}}, 1/{{Resize|75%|6}}, 1/{{Resize|75%|9}}, 2/-
:: '''B'''. Decimal values with “CENTS” stacked at the sides:{{space|4}} 1, 2, 2½, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
:: '''C'''. Without “D” or “CENTS”:{{space|4}} 2½ seen
|}
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B20.jpg|780px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B20aa.jpg|right|200px]]
'''B20. Hawkins “Regent” ''' (LV-10), 1962.
: Large frank, 28-29 x 31-32 mm, with simulated-perforation outer frame line and straight inner frame line.
: With line bisecting frank above “POSTAGE”.
: M# with “Z” prefix.
:: '''A'''. £sd values with “D”:{{space|4}} 1d through 6d in ½ steps
:: '''B'''. £sd values with “PENCE” below:{{space|4}} 2½d, 3d, 4d, 5d seen
:: '''C'''. Decimal values with “CENTS” above:{{space|4}} 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c seen
:: '''D'''. Without currency indicator:{{space|4}} 3 seen (Z631)
: TM: nil
:: '''a'''. Without line under “NEW ZEALAND”: M# Z315
:: '''b'''. Printed in blue
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B21A.jpg|left|315px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type B21B.jpg|left|340px]]
<br><br>
'''B21. Francotyp-Postalia "MS4/MS5" ''' (MV).
: Frank similar to Type B11.
: The panel at bottom containing the meter number is not as tall as with B11.
:::::::::::::::: '''A'''. MS4 model. Meter number with “PA" prefix. {{space|4}} V/F: 000
:::::::::::::::: '''B'''. MS5 model. Meter number with "PS" prefix. {{space|4}} V/F: 0000
: TM: DC or nil
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP C: Horizontal or square rectangle</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C1.jpg|left|210px]]
::::::::::::: '''C1. Hawkins “Mailmaster” ''' (LV-25+½)<sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup>
::::::::::::: Large frank, 27 x 32 mm, with simulated-perforation outer frame line and straight inner frame line.
::::::::::::: With “C” at each side of value figure.
::::::::::::: M# with “Y” prefix.
::::::::::::: TM: nil
::::::::::::: Values: {{space|3}} 2c through 40c seen
::::::::::::: <sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> The '''Mailmaster''' is chiefly a limited value (LV) machine but has a 2-bank<sup>(''see the glossary'')</sup> multi-value (MV) feature. The left bank prints one of 24 whole numbers (1 to 24, or 5 to 120 in 5c steps). The right bank prints a half-cent value (½) when the operator pushes a button on the front of the machine.
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C2A.jpg|left|130px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C2B.jpg|right|400px]]
'''C2. Mailroom Services Ltd. “Postmaster”''' (FV-5).
: Small nearly square frank of slightly variable size, 17-20 x 18-20 mm.
: Often with slogan in different color.
: M# with “P” prefix.
:::::::: '''A'''. Without “c” after value. {{space|2}} Values: {{space|1}} 6, 5, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 35 seen
:::::::: '''B'''. With “c” after value. {{space|2}} Values: {{space|1}} 7c, 8c, 10c, 12c, 20c, 30c seen
:::::: TM: nil
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C3A.jpg|left|210px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C3B.jpg|left|210px]]
::::::::::::: '''C3. Hawkins “New Rotex”'''<sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> (LV-25+½)<sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup>
::::::::::::: Checkerboard frame, 32-33 x 27 mm.
::::::::::::: Large “N” and “Z” at the sides.
::::::::::::: M# with “B” prefix.
:::::::::::::: '''A'''. £sd values with “PENCE” below “POSTAGE” {{space|3}}[''Scarce'']
:::::::::::::: '''B'''. Decimal values with “CENTS” below “POSTAGE”
::::::::::::: TM: nil
::::::::::::: Values: {{space|3}} ½ through 24½
::::::::::::: <sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> The '''New Rotex''' is basically the same machine as the '''Mailmaster''' (C1), but modified to include decimal values.
::::::::::::: <sup><span style="color:red;">♦</span><span style="color:red;">♦</span></sup> The '''New Rotex''' is chiefly a limited value (LV) machine but has a 2-bank<sup>(''see the glossary'')</sup> multi-value (MV) feature. The left bank prints one of 24 whole numbers (1 to 24, or 5 to 120 in 5c steps). The right bank prints a half-cent value (½) when the operator pushes a button on the front of the machine.
<br><br>
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C4.jpg|left|336px]]
'''C4. Satas "Baby"''' (MV).
: Small frank slightly wider than tall.
: With simulated perforation outer border and straight-line inner border.
: Inner panel at bottom contains the meter number with "SA" prefix.
: TM not seen
: V/F: {{space|3}} 0'''.''' 00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C5.jpg|left|322px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C5 note.jpg|right|485px]]
'''C5. Neopost “205/2205” ''' (MV).
: Square frank with herringbone sides and rays in lower corners.
: M# with “J” prefix.
: TM: BIC or nil
<br><br>
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} ★/0 – {{space|4}} •0′0 –
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} •00 – {{space|4}} 0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} 00 –
'''NOTE''': Examples with slogan and town mark in different colors are known.
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C6.jpg|left|362px]]
:::::::::::::::::: '''C6. Neopost “505” ''' (MV).
:::::::::::::::::: As Type C5 but wider than tall.
:::::::::::::::::: M# with “R” prefix.
:::::::::::::::::: TM: BIC or nil
:::::::::::::::::: V/F: {{space|3}} 0•00 {{space|4}} ★•00
::::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. TM solid (unengraved)
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C6point1.jpg|left|340px]]
'''C6.1. Neopost “Electronic” ''' (MV).
: Similar to Type C6 but frank not as wide.
: M# with “EN” prefix.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} <span style="font-size:large;">≋</span>000
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C7A.jpg|left|355px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C7B.jpg|left|360px]]
<br>
<br>
'''C7. Hasler “Mailmaster” ''' (MV).
: Wide frank with “NEW ZEALAND” in panel at top, M# and “POSTAGE” in panel at bottom.
: Country map left of value figures.
: M# with “D” prefix.
:::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. With vertical line between the meter number and “POSTAGE”
:::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. No line between meter number and “POSTAGE”
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} 00'''.'''00
<br><br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C8.jpg|left|370px]]
<br>
'''C8. Hasler "Smile"''' (MV).
: Nearly identical to Type C7A but the spacing between the date and value figures is slightly wider (~28mm compared to ~25mm)
: and the value figures are somewhat thinner.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} 00'''.'''00
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type C9.jpg|left|364px]]
<br>
'''C9. Frama "M/E3"''' (MV).
: Nearly identical to Type C7A but the value figures are thicker and larger.
: Meter number with “F” prefix.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} 0'''.'''00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type C10.jpg|left|340px]]
'''C10. Satas (''Neopost "Electronic"'')''' (MV).
: The stamp is identical to Australia Type H3 but with NEW ZEALAND at top.
: A small sheep in profile is in the upper right corner.
: Meter number SATAS / SA1002 seen.
: TM: DC
: V/F: {{space|3}} <span style="font-size:large;">≋</span>0'''.'''00
<br><br><br><br>
----
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP D: Frank without complete outer frame</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type D1A.jpg|left|350px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type D1B.jpg|left|360px]]
<br><br>
'''D1. Pitney Bowes-GB “5000” series''' (MV).
: Simulated-perforation frame lines at top and bottom, open at sides.
: Frank design with concave curve at left to fit around town mark.
: M# with “P.B.” prefix below four stars at center between date and value figures.
:::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. Top line of frank 40 mm wide. {{space|4}} V/F: {{space|2}}≋0'''.'''00
:::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. Wide frank, top line 48 mm wide. {{space|4}} V/F: {{space|2}}≋00'''.'''00
: TM: DC or nil
:::::::::::::::::: '''a'''. With advertising slogan instead of town name inside DC town mark
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type D2.jpg|left|340px]]
<br>
'''D2. Pitney Bowes-GB “6300” series''' (MV).
: Similar to Type D1 but frank squared off at left, and date and value figures on same level.
: M# with “P.B.” prefix.
: TM: DC or nil
: V/F: {{space|4}} ≋0'''.'''00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type D3.jpg|left|358px]]
<br>
'''D3. Pitney Bowes-GB “6900” ''' (MV).
: As Type D1 but much taller.
: “POSTAGE” below value figures.
: M# with “PBZ” prefix.
: TM: SC, DC
: V/F: {{space|4}} ≋0'''.'''00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type D4.jpg|left|358px]]
'''D4. Pitney Bowes-GB “EasyMail” ''' (digital).
: Wide and short design without town mark.
: "NEW ZEALAND POST" across top with logo at left.
: M# with “PBC” prefix.
: Three numbers stacked at left, M#, date and post code (or "0000") stacked at right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00
<br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP E: Frank with 2D digital barcode</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type P1.jpeg|left|315px]]
'''E1. Pitney Bowes "DM300" ''' (digital).
: Large, square 2D barcode at right.
: "''New Zealand Post"'' and envelope logo at top left above value figures.
: Meter number with "P23" prefix at bottom.
: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00<span style="font-size:x-small;">0</span>
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type PO3.jpg|left|310px]]
'''E2. Pitney Bowes "K700" ''' (digital).
: Very similar to Type E1.
: Value figures are more narrowly spaced than with E1.
: The meter number figures are larger than with E1.
: Meter number with "P19" prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00<span style="font-size:x-small;">0</span>
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type E3.jpg|left|380px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type E3 P17.jpg|left|325px]]
<br><br>
'''E3. Pitney Bowes "DM100" ''' plus other DM models (digital).
: As Types E1 and E2.
: Value figures narrowly spaced as with E2.
: Small meter number digits as with E1.
::::::::::::::::: Meter number with "P11", "P12", or "P17" prefix.
::::::::::::::::: V/F: {{space|4}} 000'''.'''00<span style="font-size:x-small;">0</span>
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP PO: Stamps generated only by meters in Post Offices</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PO1.jpg|left|580px]]
<br>
'''PO1. NCR'''. {{space|3}}[$10]
: Frameless design with post office name at top, “POSTAGE PAID” at center, date and value figures at bottom.
: Printed on adhesive labels with straight sides and serrations at top and bottom.
: This stamp was used on both regular mail and parcel post.
: Printed in red or violet on white tape.
: Values (£sd): {{space|4}} 0·0·0 {{space|4}} * 0·0·0
: Values (decimal): {{space|3}} 0·00
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type PO2.jpg|left|450px]]
<br>
'''PO2'''. Unidentified (digital), 2008 or earlier.
: Large self adhesive label with horizontal panels.
: Top panel contains "New Zealand Post" and postal service logo.
: Next panel contains the destination in negative lettering on a solid field.
: The third panel contains the mail class.
: The large bottom panel contains three lines of point-of-sale data:
:::::::::::::::::::::: * weight and value figures
:::::::::::::::::::::: * post office identification
:::::::::::::::::::::: * date, time, and identification number
: Printed in black that can fade to brown as the example shown.
: V/F: {{space|4}} Price: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 (with slashed zeros)
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP PP: Special stamps used for Parcel Post</span> ==
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PP1.jpg|left|340px]]
'''PP1. Ticket Issue Machines''' (LV-12), 1950. {{space|3}}[''Exceptionally rare'']
: Box at left with “PARCEL POST” reading up.
: Value figure in box at right.
: Town name/ date in center.
: Printed on white tape imperforate at top and bottom, perforated at the sides.
: One machine in use from late May to mid August 1950.
: Values: {{space|4}} 8d, 1/-, 1/2, 1/3, 1/9, 2/-, 2/6, 2/9, 3/1, 3/3, 3/6, 4/-
'''NOTE''': A pre-production Specimen exists. It is printed on pink paper tape instead of white but otherwise look the same {{space|3}}[''One example known, dated 14 October 1949'']
<br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PP2.jpg|left|320px]]
<br>
'''PP2. National Cash Register "126" ''' (11 December 1959).
: Frameless design printed on square self-adhesive labels.
: The stamp consists of three lines of text: town line above "POSTAGE PAID" at top, date and value figures at bottom.
:::::::::::::::: '''A'''. "POSTAGE PAID" alone
:::::::::::::::: '''B'''. "POSTAGE PAID" with long dashes at the sides {{space|3}}[$20, ''one machine only'']
: Eight machines were eventually placed into use.
: V/F: {{space|4}} <span style="font-size:x-large;"><sub>*</sub></span>0<sup><span style="font-size:x-large;">.</span></sup> 0<sup><span style="font-size:x-large;">.</span></sup> 0(½)
<br><br><br><br><br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PP3B.jpg|left|330px]]
'''PP3. Setright''' (MV), 16 August 1960.
: Similar in appearance to Type PP1 the Setright stamp has NEW ZEALAND at top below the town name.
: The vertical panel at left contains "PARCEL POST / PAID" rather than just PARCEL POST.
:::::::::::::::: '''A'''. Town line "WELLINGTON" {{space|4}} [''extremely rare, in use two weeks only, value undeterined'')]
:::::::::::::::: '''B'''. Town line "KILBIRNIE" {{space|3}}[$25]
: V/F : {{space|4}} <span style="font-size:large;">0</span>/0 {{space|5}} <span style="font-size:large;">0</span>/'''='''
<br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP PV: Stamps generated only by public access, self-service, coin-operated machines</span> ==
<span style="font-size:medium; color:blue;">'''NOTE''': See also Types A1, A2, A4, and A5.</span>
----
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type PV1.jpg|left|180px]]
'''PV1. Comac''' (FV-1), 1964. {{space|3}}[$75]
: Stamp from experimental public access self-service meter.
: Large stamp with simulated perforation outer border and straight line inner border.
: “NEW ZEALAND/ POST OFFICE” at top.
: “C.P.O. CH.” (Central Post Office Christchurch) in bottom panel.
: One machine only.
: One value only: {{space|4}} 3d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type PV2.jpg|left|150px]]
'''PV2. Comac''' (FV-1), 1972. {{space|3}}[$20 on cover, $200 for a set of twelve]
: Self-service meter stamp.
: Similar to Type PV1 but much smaller.
: Bottom panel contains “C.P.O.” plus two letter abbreviation for the town where the machine was located.
: Twelve machines were in use for a short time.
::::::::: '''A'''. “AK” (Auckland)
::::::::: '''B'''. “CH” (Christchurch)
::::::::: '''C'''. “DN” (Dunedin)
::::::::: '''D'''. “HN” (Hamilton)
::::::::: '''E'''. “IN” (Invercargill)
::::::::: '''F'''. “NA” (Napier)
::::::::: '''G'''. “NN” (Nelson)
::::::::: '''H'''. “NU” (New Plymouth)
::::::::: '''I'''. “PM” (Palmerston North)
::::::::: '''J'''. “TU” (Timaru)
::::::::: '''K'''. “WG” (Wanganui)
::::::::: '''L'''. “WN” (Wellington)
:::::::: One value only: {{space|4}} 5c
<br><br><br><br>
----
== <span style="color:blue;">GROUP OO: Special stamps used for official government mail</span> ==
<span style="font-size:medium; color:blue;">These stamps were used until the 1930s (or possibly later). More recent Official meter stamps are indistinguishable from regular business meter stamps and can be identified only by the return address.</span>
----
<br>
[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO1.jpg|left|240px]]
[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO1aa.jpg|right|125px]]
'''OO1. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1907.
: As Type A8 but with department name at top, and without meter number.
: Normally printed in black.
:::::::::::: '''A'''. “TAXES” at top, “A” below value figure. {{space|4}} Value: 1d {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::::::: '''B'''. “TOURIST” at top, “A” below value figure.
::::::::::::: Value: {{space|4}} 1d {{space|3}}[$600]
::::::::::::: Value: {{space|4}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$1000]
:::::::::::: '''C'''. “ADVANCES” at top, "B" below value figure. {{space|3}}[$750]
:::::::::::: '''a'''. Printed in red or green {{space|4}} [Add $400]
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO2A.jpg|left|137px]]
'''OO2. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1910.
: As Type B1A but with departmental name in diagonal panel.
: “POSTAGE / PAID” at top left.
:::::::: '''A'''. “MARINE” with “A” above value figure. {{space|4}} Values: ½d, 1d {{space|3}}[$250]
:::::::: '''B'''. “P.T. CHCH.”
:::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 6d {{space|3}}[$250]
:::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} ONE SHILLING {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::: '''C'''. “P.T. AUCK.” {{space|3}}[$500]
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO3.jpg|left|267px]]
'''OO3. AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1910.
: As Type OO2 but with “OFFICIAL/ PAID/ N.Z.” at top left.
: “•P. & S. DEPT.” in diagonal panel.
:::::::::::::: '''A'''. Printed in black {{space|3}}[$250]
:::::::::::::: '''B'''. Printed in red {{space|3}}[$500]
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} 6d, 1/- {{space|3}}[Add $150]
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO4.jpg|left|385px]]
'''OO4. 1915, AFM (Moss) model “C” ''' (FV-5), 1915.
: As Type B2 but with departmental name in place of town name.
: Printed in black.
::::::::::::::::::: '''A'''. “MARINE. A”, meter number nil {{space|3}}[$150]
::::::::::::::::::: '''B'''. “P&S DEPT”, meter number nil {{space|3}}[$250]
::::::::::::::::::: '''C'''. “P.T. CHCH•”, meter number nil {{space|3}}[$250]
::::::::::::::::::: '''D'''. “P.T.W.” Meter number 33 {{space|3}}[$150]
::::::::::::::::::: '''E'''. “TAXES” and “A” {{space|4}} [''Reported but not verified'']
::::::::::::::::: Value: {{space|4}} 1½d
<br><br><br>[[File:New Zealand stamp type OO5.jpg|left|270px]]
'''OO5. AFM (Moss) models “D” ''' and''' “E” ''' (FV-5), 1918.
: As Type B3 but with department name at bottom and town name abbreviation or “A” in center circle.
: Known printed in black, maroon, dull red and pink.
: Listed below are verified department names. Others possibly exist.
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} ½d, 1d, 1½d {{space|3}}[$10]
:::::::::::: Value: {{space|5}} 6d {{space|3}}[$20]
:::::::::::: Values: {{space|4}} 3d, 1/- {{space|3}}[$50]
:'''NOTE''': The 2d value may exist.
<br>
:::{|
| ADVCES TO SETTLERS (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| AGRICULTURE (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| BASE REC (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| BOARD OF TRADE (WEL<sup>TN</sup>, WN)
|-
| C. & S. (WN)
| C & S (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| COAL CONTROL DEPT (?)
| COAL DEPOT OFF. (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| COLLR OF CUSTOMS (AUK)
| COMMN CROWN LANDS (AUK, CHCH, DUNEDIN)
|-
| COMM OF PENSIONS (WELL<sup>TN</sup>)
| CUSTOM-HOUSE (WN)
|-
| CUSTOMS (WN, WEL<sup>TN</sup>, nil)
| DEFENCE DEPT (AUK, DUNEDN, DDN)
|-
| DEFENCE HEADQTRS (PALMN/NORTH) {{space|5}}
| DEF. DEP. MILTY SUP. BR (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| DEPT INTERN AFFRS (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| DIS. HEALTH OFF. AK (AUK)
|-
| DIS. HEALTH OFF. WN (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| DEPT OF MINES (WN, WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| DEPT PUB. TRUST (WHG)
| DEPT PUB. TRUSTEE (AUK)
|-
| DEPT P. WORKS (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| D. O. AGRIC (CH)
|-
| EDUCATION BOARD (WN)
| EDUCATION DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| FORESTRY DEPT (WN)
| GHQ DEFENCE (WN)
|-
| GOV. IMG. DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| GOVT INSCE (A, WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| H. OFF. DEFENCE DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| HEALTH (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| HEALTH CHCH (CHCH)
| IMPSUPPLY (WEL<sup>TN</sup>, nil)
|-
| LABOUR DEPT, WELL (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| MARINE & INSPN/MACHINERY DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| NAT PRO F.S. DEPT (AK)
| NATIVE DEPT (WG)
|-
| ORD. DEPT (TRN)
| PENSIONS DEPT (AK, WN)
|-
| PNTG & STATY DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| PRNTG & STATY DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| PUB. HEALTH (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| P. TRUST DEPT, DDN (DDN, SLD)
|-
| P. TRUST DEPT., WEL<sup>TN</sup> (A)
| PUB. TRUST. LOC. DEPT (CHCH)
|-
| PUBLIC TRUSTEE (WEL<sup>TN</sup>, WN)
| PUBLIC WORKS (WN, WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|-
| RAILWAYS (WN, 1)
| STAMPS (WN)
|-
| STATE ADVANCES (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
| STATE COAL MINES (GRAYMH)
|-
| TAXES DEPT WELL (A, WN)
| TOURIST DEPT WELL (A)
|-
| TREASY DEPT (CHCH, WEL<sup>TN</sup>, nil)
| UNDR SECY LANDS DEPT (WEL<sup>TN</sup>)
|}
<br><br><br><br>
----
<div class="center"><span style="font-size:medium; color:green;">Return to main catalog →</span> <u>[[../]]</u></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="center"><span style="font-size:medium; color:green;">Return to top →</span> <u>[[International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/New Zealand|New_Zealand]]</u></div>
<br><br>
----
{{BookCat}}
7ofp9061jfl0h2dzof14x7u4h1e4v2s
Aros/Platforms/Storage support
0
274498
4637265
4635127
2026-05-23T15:52:28Z
Jeff1138
301139
4637265
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{ArosNav}}
==Introduction==
AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:
* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB
* [[#SCSI]]
==PCI-e==
===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===
*Controller and firmware
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)
SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks.
In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22.
Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.
General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible.
A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage
See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="30%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->Unnamed
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111
|-
| <!--Brand-->Unnamed OEMs
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 to date - Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A)
|-
| <!--Brand-->Acer Predator GM7
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC,
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD
| <!--Model-->IM2P33F8-512GD
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ASX8200PNP1TTC
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset -
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD
| <!--Model-->SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 consumer
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220
|-
| <!--Brand-->Adata Legend 710
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Legend 900
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->BiWin PCIe Gen3
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 SM2263XT
|-
| <!--Brand-->Biwin NV7400
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force LE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force MP400
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force MP
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force MP
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP600 Elite
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4
| <!--Model-->CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP600 Core XT
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0
| <!--Model-->CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P1
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express
| <!--Model-->CT1000P2SSD8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280
| <!--Model-->CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD
| <!--Model-->CT2000P3SSD8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P5 Plus
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 some have DRAM cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0
| <!--Model-->CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| <!--Model-->CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| <!--Model-->CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb),
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T705
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 dramless Phison SSD controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T710
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN660 PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 gets hot
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN870
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN855
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S660
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S880/R
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S770
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->FIKWOT FN950 FN955
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->FW-FX991-2TB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN960
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->S3-240GB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->HP EX950 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HP FX900 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dram less
|-
| <!--Brand-->HP
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4
| <!--Model-->INSSD500GM280NM2
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Inland Professional TLC E12S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison E18
|-
| <!--Brand-->Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Inland TD510
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| <!--Model-->SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel 660p m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ssdpeknw010tb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1
|-
| <!--Brand-->[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p
| <!--Model-->SSDPEKNU010TZ
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache QLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm
| <!--Model-->SSDPELKX020T8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 very long
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD
| <!--Model-->SA1000M8/480G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD
| <!--Model-->SA2000M8/250G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston KC3000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->SNV1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston NV2
| <!--Model-->SNV2
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston NV3
| <!--Model-->SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD
| <!--Model-->THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged.
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres
| <!--Model-->KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G,
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia XG7
| <!--Model-->KXG70ZNV1T0G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and "MG2h" version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5
| <!--Model-->KGB50ZNV256G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 HMB buffer
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes KIOXIA
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280
| <!--Model-->NM610Pro
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 a few versions all DRAM-less,
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Maxio MAP1602 no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->EQ790
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC,
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280
| <!--Model-->CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 SMI controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series
| <!--Model-->MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD]
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4
| <!--Model-->MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4
| <!--Model-->MTFDKBA512TFH
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 - no cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2450
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 E19T
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2600 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->MSI Spatium S270
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison’s E19T controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac NV2000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac NV5000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico D10 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico e3500
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico O7000 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek
|-
| <!--Brand-->Raydisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->SB-RKT4P-1TB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket 5
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Phison E25
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZVLV1T
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->
*MZ-VKW5120
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-V6P1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A,
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00,
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 980 EVO Plus
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZ-V8P1T0BW,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| <!--Model-->MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| <!--Model-->
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, ,
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| <!--Model-->MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme
| <!--Model-->
*ZP1000GM30001,
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda Q5
| <!--Model-->ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 515
| <!--Model-->ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 no dram and qlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| <!--Model-->ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ZP500GM3A013,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison PS5018-E18 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate
| <!--Model-->ZP1000CV3A002,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 540
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 530R
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools]
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme
| <!--Model-->SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power A60 A80
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD
| <!--Model-->
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A,
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 bad batch early -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD
| <!--Model-->HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 no dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| <!--Model-->HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 okay but no dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| <!--Model-->
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 bad batch early -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix SK500 Gen 4 (x4)
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4 2230
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team
| <!--Model-->TM8PS7512G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->TeamGroup MP34
| <!--Model-->MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit
|-
| <!--Brand-->teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison’s E19T controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team MP33Q
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group T-Force G70 Pro
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 3D TLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE400S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 mlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TWSC
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TWSC
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Verbatim V15000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SN500
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers
| <!--Model-->SDAQNTW-512G-1001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 to 2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 to 2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 industrial sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME
| <!--Model-->SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Black SN750
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| <!--Model-->WDS100T1X0E,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 - various controllers and NANDs
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version -
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD SN850X
| <!--Model-->WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory -
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->WDS100T3X0E,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless cache with TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD
| <!--Model-->WDS100T3G0C,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_BLACK SN750 SE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280
| <!--Model-->SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_Blue SN580
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5)
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SN5000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2026
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2026
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== Mini SSD ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->Biwin PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid - 3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
|}
==SATA==
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver)
AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands.
The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.
=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5"
| <!--Model-->ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in
| <!--Model-->ASU650SS240GTR
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in
| <!--Model-->ASU800
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed -
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in
| <!--Model-->ASU680SS240GTR
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Apacer AS340 Panther
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Apacer AS350
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2009 sata2 3gbp/s
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial C300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2010 sata3 6gbps -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb
| <!--Model-->CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M550 120G to 1T
| <!--Model-->CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) BX100
| <!--Model-->CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) MX100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache Micron controller and nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial MX200
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> MLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) MX300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) MX500
| <!--Model-->CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S101 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 - no dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hypertech
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5" SSD Solid State Drive
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel Pro Series 1500
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel S3610 Series 2.5" 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BX400G4R
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 data center
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KF512H6
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5"
| <!--Model-->SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5"
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BB800G7,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5"
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BA800G4P,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 server
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KB240G7P
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston SSDNow 300
| <!--Model-->SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata
| <!--Model-->LNS100-1TRB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NQ100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LiteOn
| <!--Model-->LCS-128L9S-HP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 no dram - sata2 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD
| <!--Model-->MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| <!--Work MSDos-->UP TO 550MB/S
| <!--Work GPT-->UP TO 500MB/S
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 1100
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5"
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2010 - old sdd - TLC nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Mushkin Reactor
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> MLC flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac SA500
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico S500-Pro s500pro
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> qlc flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot P220
| <!--Model-->P220S2TB25
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Plextor M6V
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| <!--Model-->SSD7CS900-480-PB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung SM PM
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 840 PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 840 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-7TE120
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM851 2.5in sata
| <!--Model-->MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 850 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 850 PRO
| <!--Model-->MZ-7KE1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata
| <!--Model-->MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM883 1.92TB
| <!--Model-->MZ-7LH1T90
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-76E1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 EVO PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 QVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-76Q1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 870 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM871b
| <!--Model-->MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Ultra Plus
| <!--Model-->SDSSDHP-256G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Z300s
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 - Marvell 88SS9188 Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk x300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk x300s
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Plus
| <!--Model-->SDSSDA-240G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Z400s
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk x400
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD
| <!--Model-->ZA240CV10001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 - no dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->sk hynix
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012 sandforce controller -
|-
| <!--Brand-->sk Hynix SH910A
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->sk Hynix SC300
| <!--Model-->HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| <!--Model-->HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD
*N1A0A , ,
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD,
*N2A0A , , SC311STD
| <!--Model-->HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD
| <!--Model-->T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 3D NAND TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Topesel
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend 220S 2.5in
| <!--Model-->TS120GSSD220S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 3D TLC without dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend SSD230S 2.5in
| <!--Model-->TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Viathan
| <!--Model-->S001T3V
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Red SA500 NAS
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb
| <!--Model-->WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5"
| <!--Model-->WDS240G1G0A
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb
| <!--Model-->WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - cheap and slow ssd -
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD SA530
| <!--Model-->SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Xum
| <!--Model-->hx256gssdsata3
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Yottamaster
| <!--Model-->Y3000
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> PCie 3.0
|-
| <!--Brand-->Yottamaster
| <!--Model-->Y7000
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> PCIe 4.0
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|}
=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA M.2 2280 Sata
| <!--Model-->AXNS381E-128GM-B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280
| <!--Model-->S201
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan "Ordinary" Road Technology Co., Ltd)
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys)
| <!--Model-->YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral 2242 120G
| <!--Model-->INSSD120GM242
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral M.2 2280
| <!--Model-->INSSD256GM.26M2280
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB
| <!--Model-->INSSD1TM280
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel Pro 545S 2280
| <!--Model-->SSDSCKKF256G8H
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> no dram, TLC nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| <!--Model-->Top
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A400 m.2
| <!--Model-->SA400M8/240G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston
| <!--Model-->RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston V300
| <!--Model-->SV300S3505AG
| <!--Work MSDos-->{{yes}}
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LITEON SATA 128GB
| <!--Model-->CV3-8D128-11
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LITEON
| <!--Model-->CV1-8B256-HP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lite-On
| <!--Model-->L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LSI
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 SF37000 controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron
| <!--Model-->M550
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAV256MBF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| <!--Brand-->MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico Y20M-2242
| <!--Model-->Y20M
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung CM871 Rev 0
| <!--Model-->MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata
| <!--Model-->MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM871b
| <!--Model-->MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM881
| <!--Model-->MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive
| <!--Model-->SD7SN6S-256G-1006
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280
| <!--Model-->SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive
| <!--Model-->SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| <!--Model-->SD6SP1M
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix SC300
| <!--Model-->SC308M280S HFS128G39TND
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK HYNIX
| <!--Model-->SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK HYNIX
| <!--Model-->SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280
| <!--Model-->A55
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 - no dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280
| <!--Model-->TM8PS7001T0C101
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| <!--Model-->KBG30ZMV256G,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba HG6 m.2
| <!--Model-->THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB
| <!--Model-->KSG50ZMV256G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6
| <!--Model-->KSG60ZMG256G,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend
| <!--Model-->400
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S TS128GMTS400S
| <!--Model-->400S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend
| <!--Model-->M.2 SSD 600 (2260), M.2 SSD 800S (2280)
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> mlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S
| <!--Model-->420S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> can run hot slc cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S
| <!--Model-->430S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache - 3d tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S
| <!--Model-->820S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 3D nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S
| <!--Model-->830S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb
| <!--Model-->WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 made in malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to
| <!--Model-->WDS240G3G0B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 made in
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb
| <!--Model-->WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB
| <!--Model-->SA500
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->union memory AM610 m.2 sata
| <!--Model-->SSS0R27339,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== mSATA SSD ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fangxiang S301
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingchuxing
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral
| <!--Model-->INSSD256GMSA MO-300
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> tlc 3d nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron enterprise
| <!--Model-->M600
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata
| <!--Model-->MZ-M
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in
| <!--Model-->MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM851 1.8" msata
| <!--Model-->MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata
| <!--Model-->MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| <!--Model-->MSA370S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> MLC nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend TS64GMSA230S
| <!--Model-->230S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 3d tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===
====7mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->CP628230-01 500Gb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->CP552605-01 250Gb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->CP693440-01 500Gb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Travelstar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS
| <!--Model-->HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series
| <!--Model-->HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> avoid if it does not have the DCM code
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST 1T 5400rpm
| <!--Model-->HTS541010B7E610
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 128m cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Momentus Thin
| <!--Model-->ST500LT012 ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5"
| <!--Model-->ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
| <!--Model-->ST500VT000 500GB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014
|-
| <!--Brand-->SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400
| <!--Model-->ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb)
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Barracuda Pro
| <!--Model-->ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> up to 128MB cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| <!--Model-->ST500LX025 ST1000LX015 ST2000LX001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba 2.5in
| <!--Model-->MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TOSHIBA MQ01ACF
| <!--Model-->MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| <!--Model-->wd5000lpvx
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital 2.5" WD Blue Slim
| <!--Model-->WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016
| <!--Work MSDos-->{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| <!--Work GPT-->{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| <!--Tested under-->AROS One 1.8 USB
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 2017 Malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
====9.5mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->MHW2040BH
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 40gig
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->MHY2080BH
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 80gig
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000
| <!--Model-->HTS721010A9E630
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000
| <!--Model-->HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320
| <!--Model-->HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm
| <!--Model-->HTS721010A9E630
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014)
| <!--Model-->ST1000LM024
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> , Advanced Format (AF)
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| <!--Model-->ST500LM012 (500M)
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> , Advanced Format (AF)
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Momentus 5400.3
| <!--Model-->ST9160821AS
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 160gig
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SSHD 1t
| <!--Model-->ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 8g nand flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SSHD 1T
| <!--Model-->ST1000LX001
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 32G nand flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MK2555GSX HDD2H24
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 250g 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011
| <!--Work-->{{yes}}
| <!--Tested under-->Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| <!--Model-->MQ01ABD100
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba (2015 to 2020)
*2013
*2014
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| <!--Model-->MQ01ABD050 500meg
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013
| <!--Work-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TOSHIBA
| <!--Model-->MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD7500BPVX 2013
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5" SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache
| <!--Model-->WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014)
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> , uses Advanced Format (AF)
|-
| <!--Brand-->WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5" Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache
| <!--Model-->WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017)
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD10JPCX 1Tb
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital
* 2019
| <!--Model-->WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Western Digital Scorpio Black
* 2010
* 2014
| <!--Model-->WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT,
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 16m cache, 7200rpm thailand then malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Western Digital Black
* 2016
| <!--Model-->WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===
====11mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| <!--Model-->MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->TP00640GB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
====12.5mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
====15mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5" SATA
| <!--Model-->ST91000640NS 81Y9731
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===
Tested in usb port not hub with
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL-DT-ST DVDRAM
| <!--Model-->GSA T50L
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT10N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2008 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter
| <!--Model-->CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B)
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 5v 12.7mm fails early
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi LG
| <!--Model-->GT20L
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009/2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Hitachi / LG
| <!--Model-->GT30N GT32N GT30L
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT40N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2011 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT50N GT51N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT90N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2013 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL
| <!--Model-->GU70N (HP/Dell),
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL
| <!--Model-->GUD0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->GTA0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer
*Rev 101
*rev 102 2015 factory GH
| <!--Model-->GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly -
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data
| <!--Model-->GTC0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a -
|-
| <!--Brand-->HLDS
| <!--Model-->BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2016 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer
| <!--Model-->GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->Uj870a Uj880 UJ890
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8A0
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD
| <!--Model-->UJ8B0 (Asus K53S),
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8B1
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2011 5v 1.5a
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 2013 5v 1.6a
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd
| <!--Model-->UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2013 ok lifeline,
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8E2Q
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8FB
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| <!--Model-->UJ260
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DC-8A2SH,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DU-8A3S
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DU-8A4SH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips Lite-On
| <!--Model-->DS-8A5LH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM
| <!--Model-->DS-8DBSH1148
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 12.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips Lite-On
| <!--Model-->DU-8A6SH (HP)
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips and LiteOn
| <!--Model-->DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DS-8ABSH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive
| <!--Model-->DU-8A5LH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a -
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DU-8ACSH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD Philips
| <!--Model-->da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2019 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Pioneer
| <!--Model-->DVR-TD09TBG
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2008-2010 5V 1.5A
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony Optiarc SATA DVD
| <!--Model-->AD-7561S, AD-7560S
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 12.7 MM
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony Optiarc
| <!--Model-->AD-7585H
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner. Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD7590s, AD-7591s,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony Optiarc
| <!--Model-->AD-7760H
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7711H AD-7740H
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.5mm 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba Samsung
| <!--Model-->SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung
| <!--Model-->SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp
| <!--Model-->TS-L633
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba Samsung
| <!--Model-->SN-208FB/BEBE
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use -
|-
| <!--Brand-->TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| <!--Model-->SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
*LG BU40N
*LG BU40N
*LG BU40N
*LG BU40N
*LG WP50NB40
*LG WP50NB40
*LG WP50NB40
*LG BP50NB40
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
*LG BU50N
*LG BU50N
*LG WH16NS40
*LG WH14NS40
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U
*Verbatim 43889
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|}
=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===
Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts
<pre>
WD: https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
</pre>
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Travelstar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm
| <!--Model-->ST1000DL002 1TB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series
| <!--Model-->ST4000VX013
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Baracuda Compute
| <!--Model-->ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m),
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5" - 32MB Cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate CMR
| <!--Model-->ST1000DM010 ST500DM009
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate 2TB SMR
| <!--Model-->ST2000DM008
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SMR
| <!--Model-->ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba 5400rpm
| <!--Model-->HDWD220
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba 7200rpm
| <!--Model-->HDWD320
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba P300 CMR
| <!--Model-->HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital 2010
| <!--Model-->WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital
| <!--Model-->WD4002FFWD
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital CMR
| <!--Model-->WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital CMR
| <!--Model-->WD20EARZ
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital CMR
| <!--Model-->WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital SMR
| <!--Model-->WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital SMR
| <!--Model-->WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
|}
==PATA==
=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Hitachi Travelstar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|}
=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->H-L Hitachi LG
| <!--Model-->GCC-4244N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2006
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7590A
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2008 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|}
== SCSI ==
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.
ntm7vzcnhioeroc2mf3rcubmh0p3kbx
4637288
4637265
2026-05-23T18:20:44Z
Jeff1138
301139
4637288
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{ArosNav}}
==Introduction==
AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:
* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB
* [[#SCSI]]
==PCI-e==
===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===
*Controller and firmware
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)
SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks.
In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22.
Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.
General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible.
A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage
See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="15%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="30%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->Unnamed
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111
|-
| <!--Brand-->Unnamed OEMs
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 to date - Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A)
|-
| <!--Brand-->Acer Predator GM7
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC,
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD
| <!--Model-->IM2P33F8-512GD
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ASX8200PNP1TTC
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset -
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD
| <!--Model-->SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 consumer
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220
|-
| <!--Brand-->Adata Legend 710
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Legend 900
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->BiWin PCIe Gen3
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 SM2263XT
|-
| <!--Brand-->Biwin NV7400
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force LE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force MP400
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force MP
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair Force MP
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP600 Elite
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4
| <!--Model-->CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP600 Core XT
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0
| <!--Model-->CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P1
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express
| <!--Model-->CT1000P2SSD8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280
| <!--Model-->CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD
| <!--Model-->CT2000P3SSD8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P5 Plus
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 some have DRAM cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0
| <!--Model-->CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| <!--Model-->CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| <!--Model-->CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb),
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T705
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 dramless Phison SSD controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial T710
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN660 PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 gets hot
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN870
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca EN855
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Ediloca
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S660
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S880/R
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S770
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->FIKWOT FN950 FN955
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->FW-FX991-2TB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN960
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->S3-240GB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->HP EX950 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HP FX900 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dram less
|-
| <!--Brand-->HP
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4
| <!--Model-->INSSD500GM280NM2
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Inland Professional TLC E12S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison E18
|-
| <!--Brand-->Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Inland TD510
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| <!--Model-->SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel 660p m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ssdpeknw010tb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1
|-
| <!--Brand-->[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p
| <!--Model-->SSDPEKNU010TZ
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache QLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm
| <!--Model-->SSDPELKX020T8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 very long
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD
| <!--Model-->SA1000M8/480G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD
| <!--Model-->SA2000M8/250G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston KC3000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->SNV1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston NV2
| <!--Model-->SNV2
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston NV3
| <!--Model-->SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD
| <!--Model-->THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged.
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres
| <!--Model-->KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G,
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia XG7
| <!--Model-->KXG70ZNV1T0G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and "MG2h" version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5
| <!--Model-->KGB50ZNV256G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 HMB buffer
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes KIOXIA
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280
| <!--Model-->NM610Pro
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 a few versions all DRAM-less,
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Maxio MAP1602 no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->EQ790
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC,
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280
| <!--Model-->CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 SMI controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series
| <!--Model-->MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD]
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4
| <!--Model-->MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4
| <!--Model-->MTFDKBA512TFH
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 - no cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2450
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 E19T
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 2600 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->MSI Spatium S270
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison’s E19T controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac NV2000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac NV5000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico D10 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico e3500
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico O7000 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek
|-
| <!--Brand-->Raydisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->SB-RKT4P-1TB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sabrent Rocket 5
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Phison E25
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZVLV1T
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->
*MZ-VKW5120
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-V6P1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A,
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00,
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 980 EVO Plus
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZ-V8P1T0BW,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| <!--Model-->MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| <!--Model-->
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, ,
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| <!--Model-->MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme
| <!--Model-->
*ZP1000GM30001,
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda Q5
| <!--Model-->ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 515
| <!--Model-->ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 no dram and qlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| <!--Model-->ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->ZP500GM3A013,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison PS5018-E18 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate
| <!--Model-->ZP1000CV3A002,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 540
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Firecuda 530R
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools]
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme
| <!--Model-->SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power A60 A80
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD
| <!--Model-->
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A,
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 bad batch early -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD
| <!--Model-->HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 no dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| <!--Model-->HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 okay but no dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| <!--Model-->
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 bad batch early -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix SK500 Gen 4 (x4)
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4 2230
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team
| <!--Model-->TM8PS7512G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->TeamGroup MP34
| <!--Model-->MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit
|-
| <!--Brand-->teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison’s E19T controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team MP33Q
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group T-Force G70 Pro
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 3D TLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend MTE400S
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 mlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TWSC
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TWSC
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Verbatim V15000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SN500
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers
| <!--Model-->SDAQNTW-512G-1001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 to 2021
|-
| <!--Brand-->WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 to 2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 industrial sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME
| <!--Model-->SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Black SN750
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| <!--Model-->WDS100T1X0E,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 - various controllers and NANDs
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version -
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD SN850X
| <!--Model-->WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory -
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme
| <!--Model-->WDS100T3X0E,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless cache with TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD
| <!--Model-->WDS100T3G0C,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_BLACK SN750 SE
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280
| <!--Model-->SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD_Blue SN580
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5)
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SN5000
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2026
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2026
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== Mini SSD ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->Biwin PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid - 3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2025
|-
|}
==SATA==
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver)
AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands.
The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.
=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5"
| <!--Model-->ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in
| <!--Model-->ASU650SS240GTR
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in
| <!--Model-->ASU800
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed -
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in
| <!--Model-->ASU680SS240GTR
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Apacer AS340 Panther
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Apacer AS350
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2009 sata2 3gbp/s
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial C300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2010 sata3 6gbps -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M4
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb
| <!--Model-->CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial M550 120G to 1T
| <!--Model-->CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) BX100
| <!--Model-->CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) MX100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache Micron controller and nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial MX200
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> MLC NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) MX300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Crucial (Micron) MX500
| <!--Model-->CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S101 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 - no dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hypertech
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5" SSD Solid State Drive
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel Pro Series 1500
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel S3610 Series 2.5" 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BX400G4R
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 data center
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KF512H6
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5"
| <!--Model-->SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5"
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BB800G7,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5"
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2BA800G4P,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 server
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KB240G7P
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston SSDNow 300
| <!--Model-->SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - no dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata
| <!--Model-->LNS100-1TRB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lexar NQ100
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LiteOn
| <!--Model-->LCS-128L9S-HP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 no dram - sata2 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD
| <!--Model-->MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| <!--Work MSDos-->UP TO 550MB/S
| <!--Work GPT-->UP TO 500MB/S
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 1100
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5"
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2010 - old sdd - TLC nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Mushkin Reactor
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> MLC flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Netac SA500
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023 flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico S500-Pro s500pro
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> qlc flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Patriot P220
| <!--Model-->P220S2TB25
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> flash nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Plextor M6V
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| <!--Model-->SSD7CS900-480-PB
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung SM PM
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 840 PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 840 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-7TE120
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM851 2.5in sata
| <!--Model-->MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 850 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 850 PRO
| <!--Model-->MZ-7KE1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata
| <!--Model-->MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM883 1.92TB
| <!--Model-->MZ-7LH1T90
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-76E1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 EVO PRO
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 QVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-76Q1T0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 870 EVO
| <!--Model-->MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM871b
| <!--Model-->MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2021 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Ultra 3D/Extreme Pro
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Ultra Plus
| <!--Model-->SDSSDHP-256G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Z300s
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 - Marvell 88SS9188 Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk x300
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk x300s
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Plus
| <!--Model-->SDSSDA-240G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk Z400s
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk x400
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD
| <!--Model-->ZA240CV10001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 - no dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->sk hynix
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012 sandforce controller -
|-
| <!--Brand-->sk Hynix SH910A
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM -
|-
| <!--Brand-->sk Hynix SC300
| <!--Model-->HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| <!--Model-->HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD
*N1A0A , ,
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD,
*N2A0A , , SC311STD
| <!--Model-->HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2023
|-
| <!--Brand-->TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD
| <!--Model-->T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 3D NAND TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Topesel
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend 220S 2.5in
| <!--Model-->TS120GSSD220S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 3D TLC without dram
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend SSD230S 2.5in
| <!--Model-->TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Viathan
| <!--Model-->S001T3V
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Red SA500 NAS
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb
| <!--Model-->WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5"
| <!--Model-->WDS240G1G0A
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb
| <!--Model-->WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018 - cheap and slow ssd -
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD SA530
| <!--Model-->SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Xum
| <!--Model-->hx256gssdsata3
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Yottamaster
| <!--Model-->Y3000
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> PCie 3.0
|-
| <!--Brand-->Yottamaster
| <!--Model-->Y7000
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> PCIe 4.0
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|}
=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->ADATA M.2 2280 Sata
| <!--Model-->AXNS381E-128GM-B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280
| <!--Model-->S201
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan "Ordinary" Road Technology Co., Ltd)
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys)
| <!--Model-->YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral 2242 120G
| <!--Model-->INSSD120GM242
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral M.2 2280
| <!--Model-->INSSD256GM.26M2280
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB
| <!--Model-->INSSD1TM280
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel Pro 545S 2280
| <!--Model-->SSDSCKKF256G8H
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> no dram, TLC nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intel
| <!--Model-->SSDSC2KF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| <!--Model-->Top
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston A400 m.2
| <!--Model-->SA400M8/240G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston
| <!--Model-->RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingston V300
| <!--Model-->SV300S3505AG
| <!--Work MSDos-->{{yes}}
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LITEON SATA 128GB
| <!--Model-->CV3-8D128-11
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LITEON
| <!--Model-->CV1-8B256-HP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Lite-On
| <!--Model-->L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->LSI
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 SF37000 controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron
| <!--Model-->M550
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAV256MBF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| <!--Brand-->MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280
| <!--Model-->MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico Y20M-2242
| <!--Model-->Y20M
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->202
|-
| <!--Brand-->PNY
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280
| <!--Model-->MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung CM871 Rev 0
| <!--Model-->MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata
| <!--Model-->MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 TLC
|-
| <!--Brand-->SAMSUNG PM871b
| <!--Model-->MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM881
| <!--Model-->MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive
| <!--Model-->SD7SN6S-256G-1006
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280
| <!--Model-->SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache -
|-
| <!--Brand-->SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive
| <!--Model-->SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| <!--Model-->SD6SP1M
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK Hynix SC300
| <!--Model-->SC308M280S HFS128G39TND
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK HYNIX
| <!--Model-->SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->SK HYNIX
| <!--Model-->SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280
| <!--Model-->A55
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 - no dram -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280
| <!--Model-->TM8PS7001T0C101
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| <!--Model-->KBG30ZMV256G,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba HG6 m.2
| <!--Model-->THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2018
|-
| <!--Brand-->TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB
| <!--Model-->KSG50ZMV256G
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2019
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6
| <!--Model-->KSG60ZMG256G,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend
| <!--Model-->400
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S TS128GMTS400S
| <!--Model-->400S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend
| <!--Model-->M.2 SSD 600 (2260), M.2 SSD 800S (2280)
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> mlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S
| <!--Model-->420S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> can run hot slc cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S
| <!--Model-->430S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache - 3d tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S
| <!--Model-->820S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 3D nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S
| <!--Model-->830S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> dram cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb
| <!--Model-->WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2020 made in malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to
| <!--Model-->WDS240G3G0B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2022 made in
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb
| <!--Model-->WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB
| <!--Model-->SA500
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->union memory AM610 m.2 sata
| <!--Model-->SSS0R27339,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== mSATA SSD ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fangxiang S301
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Kingchuxing
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Integral
| <!--Model-->INSSD256GMSA MO-300
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> tlc 3d nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Micron enterprise
| <!--Model-->M600
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2024
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata
| <!--Model-->MZ-M
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2015
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in
| <!--Model-->MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung PM851 1.8" msata
| <!--Model-->MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2016
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata
| <!--Model-->MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| <!--Model-->MSA370S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> MLC nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->Transcend TS64GMSA230S
| <!--Model-->230S
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 3d tlc nand
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===
====7mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width="10%" |Works GPT/UEFI
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->CP628230-01 500Gb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->CP552605-01 250Gb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->CP693440-01 500Gb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Travelstar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS
| <!--Model-->HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series
| <!--Model-->HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> avoid if it does not have the DCM code
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST 1T 5400rpm
| <!--Model-->HTS541010B7E610
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->2017 128m cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Momentus Thin
| <!--Model-->ST500LT012 ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5"
| <!--Model-->ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
| <!--Model-->ST500VT000 500GB,
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2014
|-
| <!--Brand-->SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400
| <!--Model-->ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb)
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Barracuda Pro
| <!--Model-->ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> up to 128MB cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| <!--Model-->ST500LX025 ST1000LX015 ST2000LX001
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba 2.5in
| <!--Model-->MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TOSHIBA MQ01ACF
| <!--Model-->MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| <!--Brand-->western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| <!--Model-->wd5000lpvx
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing -
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital 2.5" WD Blue Slim
| <!--Model-->WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016
| <!--Work MSDos-->{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| <!--Work GPT-->{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| <!--Tested under-->AROS One 1.8 USB
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under--> 2017 Malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work MSDos-->
| <!--Work GPT-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
====9.5mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->MHW2040BH
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 40gig
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu
| <!--Model-->MHY2080BH
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 80gig
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000
| <!--Model-->HTS721010A9E630
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000
| <!--Model-->HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320
| <!--Model-->HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm
| <!--Model-->HTS721010A9E630
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014)
| <!--Model-->ST1000LM024
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> , Advanced Format (AF)
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| <!--Model-->ST500LM012 (500M)
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> , Advanced Format (AF)
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Momentus 5400.3
| <!--Model-->ST9160821AS
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 160gig
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SSHD 1t
| <!--Model-->ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 8g nand flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SSHD 1T
| <!--Model-->ST1000LX001
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 32G nand flash
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MK2555GSX HDD2H24
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 250g 5400rpm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011
| <!--Work-->{{yes}}
| <!--Tested under-->Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| <!--Model-->MQ01ABD100
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba (2015 to 2020)
*2013
*2014
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| <!--Model-->MQ01ABD050 500meg
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba
| <!--Model-->MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013
| <!--Work-->{{Yes}}
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->TOSHIBA
| <!--Model-->MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD7500BPVX 2013
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5" SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache
| <!--Model-->WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014)
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> , uses Advanced Format (AF)
|-
| <!--Brand-->WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5" Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache
| <!--Model-->WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017)
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD10JPCX 1Tb
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital
* 2019
| <!--Model-->WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Western Digital Scorpio Black
* 2010
* 2014
| <!--Model-->WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT,
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 16m cache, 7200rpm thailand then malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->WD Western Digital Black
* 2016
| <!--Model-->WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> 32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III malaysia
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===
====11mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| <!--Model-->MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->TP00640GB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
====12.5mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
====15mm====
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5" SATA
| <!--Model-->ST91000640NS 81Y9731
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===
Tested in usb port not hub with
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL-DT-ST DVDRAM
| <!--Model-->GSA T50L
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT10N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2008 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter
| <!--Model-->CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B)
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 5v 12.7mm fails early
|-
| <!--Brand-->Hitachi LG
| <!--Model-->GT20L
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009/2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Hitachi / LG
| <!--Model-->GT30N GT32N GT30L
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT40N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2011 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT50N GT51N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data Storage
| <!--Model-->GT90N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2013 5v 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL
| <!--Model-->GU70N (HP/Dell),
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL
| <!--Model-->GUD0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->GTA0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer
*Rev 101
*rev 102 2015 factory GH
| <!--Model-->GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly -
|-
| <!--Brand-->HL Data
| <!--Model-->GTC0N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a -
|-
| <!--Brand-->HLDS
| <!--Model-->BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2016 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer
| <!--Model-->GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->Uj870a Uj880 UJ890
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8A0
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD
| <!--Model-->UJ8B0 (Asus K53S),
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8B1
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2011 5v 1.5a
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 2013 5v 1.6a
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd
| <!--Model-->UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2013 ok lifeline,
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8E2Q
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic
| <!--Model-->UJ8FB
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| <!--Model-->UJ260
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DC-8A2SH,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DU-8A3S
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DU-8A4SH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips Lite-On
| <!--Model-->DS-8A5LH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM
| <!--Model-->DS-8DBSH1148
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 12.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips Lite-On
| <!--Model-->DU-8A6SH (HP)
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Philips and LiteOn
| <!--Model-->DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DS-8ABSH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive
| <!--Model-->DU-8A5LH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a -
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD
| <!--Model-->DU-8ACSH
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->PLSD Philips
| <!--Model-->da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2019 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Pioneer
| <!--Model-->DVR-TD09TBG
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2008-2010 5V 1.5A
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony Optiarc SATA DVD
| <!--Model-->AD-7561S, AD-7560S
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 12.7 MM
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony Optiarc
| <!--Model-->AD-7585H
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner. Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD7590s, AD-7591s,
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony Optiarc
| <!--Model-->AD-7760H
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Sony
| <!--Model-->AD-7711H AD-7740H
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 12.5mm 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba Samsung
| <!--Model-->SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2009 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung
| <!--Model-->SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp
| <!--Model-->TS-L633
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba Samsung
| <!--Model-->SN-208FB/BEBE
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use -
|-
| <!--Brand-->TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| <!--Model-->SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a -
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution--> 9.5mm
|-
| <!--Brand-->
*LG BU40N
*LG WP50NB40
*LG BP50NB40
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
*LG BU50N
*LG WH16NS40
*LG WH14NS40
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U
*Verbatim 43889
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|}
=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===
Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts
<pre>
WD: https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
</pre>
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Travelstar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm
| <!--Model-->ST1000DL002 1TB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series
| <!--Model-->ST4000VX013
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate Baracuda Compute
| <!--Model-->ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m),
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under--> - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5" - 32MB Cache
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate CMR
| <!--Model-->ST1000DM010 ST500DM009
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate 2TB SMR
| <!--Model-->ST2000DM008
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate SMR
| <!--Model-->ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba 5400rpm
| <!--Model-->HDWD220
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba 7200rpm
| <!--Model-->HDWD320
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Toshiba P300 CMR
| <!--Model-->HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital 2010
| <!--Model-->WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital WD
| <!--Model-->WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital
| <!--Model-->WD4002FFWD
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital CMR
| <!--Model-->WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital CMR
| <!--Model-->WD20EARZ
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital CMR
| <!--Model-->WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital SMR
| <!--Model-->WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Western Digital SMR
| <!--Model-->WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested Distribution-->
|-
|}
==PATA==
=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Works
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| <!--Brand-->HGST Hitachi Travelstar
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Samsung
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| <!--Brand-->Seagate
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Work-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
|}
=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! width="20%" |Brand
! width="20%" |Model
! width="10%" |Reads
! width="10%" |Writes
! width="20%" |Tested Distribution
|-
| <!--Brand-->
| <!--Model-->
| <!--Reads-->
| <!--Writes-->
| <!--Tested under-->
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
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NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.
1g5oij0c3cb9bzdn2hkoiwxy2dco7g2
Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry/Coordination Chemistry and Crystal Field Theory
0
294000
4637318
4636920
2026-05-23T20:08:03Z
Tem5psu
1013978
/* Ln(III) compounds */
4637318
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== <big>'''Chapter 5: Coordination Chemistry and Crystal Field Theory'''</big>==
[[File:MOF-5.png|350px|right|thumb|Zn<sub>4</sub>O(BDC)<sub>3</sub>, also called MOF-5, is a metal-organic framework in which 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) anions bridge between cationic Zn<sub>4</sub>O clusters.<ref>
{{cite journal
|first=Nathaniel L.
|last=Rosi
|first2=Juergen
|last2=Eckert
|first3=Mohamed
|last3=Eddaoudi
|first4=David T.
|last4=Vodak
|first5=Jaheon
|last5=Kim
|first6=Michael
|last6=O'Keefe
|first7=Omar M.
|last7=Yaghi
|title=Hydrogen storage in microporous metal-organic frameworks
|journal=Science
|volume=300
|issue=5622
|pages=1127–1129
|year=2003
|url=
|pmid=12750515
|doi=10.1126/science.1083440
|bibcode=2003Sci...300.1127R }}
</ref> The rigid framework contains large voids, represented by orange spheres. MOFs can be made from many different transition metal ions and bridging ligands, and are being developed for practical applications in storing gases, especially H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. MOF-5 has a volumetric storage density of 66 g H<sub>2</sub>/L, close to that of liquid H<sub>2</sub>.]]
'''Coordination compounds''' (or '''complexes''') are molecules and extended solids that contain bonds between a '''transition metal''' ion and one or more '''ligands'''. In forming these '''coordinate covalent bonds''', the metal ions act as Lewis acids and the ligands act as Lewis bases. Typically, the ligand has a lone pair of electrons, and the bond is formed by overlap of the molecular orbital containing this electron pair with the d-orbitals of the metal ion. Ligands that are commonly found in coordination complexes are neutral molecules (H<sub>2</sub>O, NH<sub>3</sub>, organic bases such as pyridine, CO, NO, H<sub>2</sub>, ethylene, and phosphines PR<sub>3</sub>) and anions (halides, CN<sup>-</sup>, SCN<sup>-</sup>, cyclopentadienide (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>-</sup>), H<sup>-</sup>, etc.). The resulting complexes can be cationic (e.g., [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>), neutral ([Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]) or anionic ([Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>). As we will see below, ligands that have weak or negligible strength as Brønsted bases (for example, CO, CN<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and Cl<sup>-</sup>) can still be potent Lewis bases in forming transition metal complexes.
<br /><br />
With ligands that are Lewis bases, coordinate covalent bonds (also called dative bonds) are typically drawn as lines, or sometimes as arrows to indicate that the electron pair "belongs" to the ligand X: [[File:Classical dative bond.png|left|100px]]
<br /><br />
In counting electrons on the metal (described below), the convention is to assign both electrons in the dative bond to the ligand, although in reality the bonds are typically polar covalent and electrons are shared between the metal and the ligand.
When writing out the formulas of coordination compounds, we use square brackets [<sup>...</sup>] around the metal ions and ligands that are directly bonded to each other. Thus the compound [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]Cl<sub>2</sub> contains octahedral [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]<sup>2+</sup> ions, in which five ammonia molecules and one chloride ion are directly bonded to the metal, and two Cl<sup>-</sup> anions that are not coordinated to the metal.
<br /><br />
[[Image:Cis-dichlorotetraamminecobalt(III).png|left|150px|thumb|''cis''-[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>]][[File:Alfred Werner ETH-Bib Portr 09965.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Alfred Werner was a Swiss chemist who received the Nobel prize in 1913 for elucidating the bonding in coordination compounds.]][[Image:Trans-dichlorotetraamminecobalt(III).png|left|150px|thumb|''trans''-[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>]]
'''History.''' Coordination compounds have been known for centuries, but their structures were initially not understood. For example, Prussian Blue, which has an empirical formula Fe<sub>7</sub>(CN)<sub>18</sub>•xH<sub>2</sub>O, is an insoluble, deep blue solid that has been used as a pigment since its accidental discovery by Diesbach in 1704. Prussian Blue actually contains Fe<sup>3+</sup> cations and [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> anions, and a more descriptive formulation is (Fe<sup>3+</sup>)<sub>4</sub>([Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>)<sub>3</sub>•xH<sub>2</sub>O. Simpler compounds such as the ammonia complex of Co<sup>3+</sup> were known to chemists but did not fit the expected behavior of ionic solids. For example, cobalt(III)hexammine chloride, [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub> was formulated as CoCl<sub>3</sub>•6NH<sub>3</sub>. It had mysterious properties, in that it dissolved in water like an ionic solid, but it retained its six ammonia molecules when recrystallized. Even more intriguing was the observation that chemically different forms (isomers) of transition metal complexes such as [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]Cl could be made. The puzzle was solved by [[w:Alfred_Werner|Alfred Werner]], who proposed in 1893 that these Co complexes contained octahedrally coordinated metal ions that made primary (covalent) bonds to six ligands. Werner showed through conductivity measurements that solutions of CoCl<sub>3</sub>•6NH<sub>3</sub> contained three free Cl<sup>-</sup> anions and one [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> cation per formula unit. Magnetic susceptibility measurements later confirmed the presence of diamagnetic Co<sup>3+</sup> in both the salt and its solutions. Werner's theory also explained the existence of two (and only two) structural isomers for [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>.
Like organic compounds, transition metal complexes can vary widely in size, shape, charge and stability. We will see that bonds formed from the d-orbitals of the metal largely control these properties.
<br />
<br />
'''Learning goals for Chapter 5:'''
*Determine oxidation states and assign d-electron counts for transition metals in complexes.
*Derive the d-orbital splitting patterns for octahedral, elongated octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar, and tetrahedral complexes.
*For octahedral and tetrahedral complexes, determine the number of unpaired electrons and calculate the crystal field stabilization energy.
*Know the spectrochemical series, rationalize why different classes of ligands impact the crystal field splitting energy as they do, and use it to predict high vs. low spin complexes, and the colors of transition metal complexes.
*Use the magnetic moment of transition metal complexes to determine their spin state.
*Understand the origin of the Jahn-Teller effect and its consequences for complex shape, color, and reactivity.
*Understand the extra stability of complexes formed by chelating and macrocyclic ligands.
==  5.1 Counting electrons in transition metal complexes==
The d-orbitals are the frontier orbitals (the HOMO and LUMO) of transition metal complexes. Many of the important properties of complexes - their shape, color, magnetism, and reactivity - depend on the electron occupancy of the metal's d-orbitals. To understand and rationalize these properties it is important to know how to count the d-electrons.
[[file:HexacyanidoferratIII_2.svg|left|200px|thumbnail|Structure of the octahedral ferricyanide anion. Because the overall charge of the complex is 3-, Fe is in the +3 oxidation state and its electron count is 3d<sup>5</sup>.]]Because transition metals are generally less electronegative than the atoms on the ligands (C, N, O, Cl, P...) that form the metal-ligand bond, our convention is to assign '''both electrons''' in the bond to the '''ligand'''. For example, in the ferricyanide complex [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, if the cyanide ligand keeps both of its electrons it is formulated as CN<sup>-</sup>. By difference, iron must be Fe<sup>3+</sup> because the charges (3<sup>+</sup> + 6(1<sup>-</sup>)) must add up to the overall -3 charge on the complex.
The next step is to determine how many d-electrons the Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion has. The rule is to count '''all''' of iron's valence electrons as '''d-electrons'''. Iron is in group 8, so
::group 8 - 3+ charge = d<sup>5</sup> (or 3d<sup>5</sup>)
:: 8 - 3 = 5
The same procedure can be applied to any transition metal complex. For example, consider the complex [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. Because ammonia is a neutral ligand, Cu is in the 2+ oxidation state. Copper (II), in group 11 of the periodic table has 11 electrons in its valence shell, minus two, leaving it with 9 d-electrons (3d<sup>9</sup>). In the neutral complex [Rh(OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>], Rh is in the +3 oxidation state and is in group 9, so the electron count is 4d<sup>6</sup>. Zinc(II) in group 12 would have 10 d-electrons in [Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, a full shell, and manganese (VII) has zero d-electrons in MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>. Nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>, contains the neutral CO ligand and Ni in the zero oxidation state. Since Ni is in group 10, we count the electrons on Ni as 3d<sup>10</sup>.
A frequent source of confusion about electron counting is the fate of the s-electrons on the metal. For example, our electron counting rules predict that Ti is 3d<sup>1</sup> in the octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. But the electronic configuration of a free Ti atom, according to the Aufbau principle, is 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>2</sup>. Why is the Ti<sup>3+</sup> ion 3d<sup>1</sup> and not 4s<sup>1</sup>? Similarly, why do we assign Mn<sup>2+</sup> as 3d<sup>5</sup> rather than 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>3</sup>? The short answer is that the metal s orbitals are higher in energy in a metal complex than they are in the free atom because they have antibonding character. We will justify this statement with a MO diagram in Section 5.2.
<br><br>
[[w:Covalent_bond_classification_method|'''Covalent Bond Classification (CBC) Method''']]. Although the electron counting rule we have developed above is useful and works reliably for all kinds of complexes, the assignment of all the shared electrons in the complex to the ligands does not always represent the true bonding picture. This picture would be most accurate in the case of ligands that are much more electronegative than the metal. But in fact, there all all kinds of ligands, including those such as H, alkyl, cyclopentadienide, and others where the metal and ligand have comparable electronegativity. In those cases, especially with late transition metals that are relatively electronegative, we should regard the metal-ligand bond as covalent. The CBC method, also referred to as LXZ notation, was introduced in 1995 by [[w:Malcolm Green (chemist)|M. L. H. Green]]<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022328X9500508N | doi=10.1016/0022-328X(95)00508-N | volume=500 | title=A new approach to the formal classification of covalent compounds of the elements | year=1995 | journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry | pages=127–148 | last1 = Green | first1 = M.L.H.}}</ref> in order to better describe the different kinds of metal-ligand bonds. The molecular orbital pictures below summarize the difference between L, X, and Z ligands.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/parkin/cbc.htm The CBC Method,] Parkin group, Columbia University.</ref> Of these, L and X are the most common types.
[[file:CBC_scheme.png|center]]
'''L-type ligands''' are Lewis bases that donate two electrons to the metal center regardless of the electron counting method being used. These electrons can come from lone pairs, pi or sigma donors. The bonds formed between these ligands and the metal are dative covalent bonds, which are also known as coordinate bonds. Examples of this type of ligand include CO, PR<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, carbenes (=CRR'), and alkenes.
[[File:Cyclopentadiene.png|thumb|Cp|75px]][[File:Ferroceen.png|right|thumb|Ferrocene|75px]]'''X-type ligands''' are those that donate one electron to the metal and accept one electron from the metal when using the neutral ligand method of electron counting, or donate two electrons to the metal when using the donor pair method of electron counting.<ref>Crabtree, Robert. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals:4th edition. Wiley-Interscience, 2005
</ref> Regardless of whether it is considered neutral or anionic, these ligands yield normal covalent bonds. A few examples of this type of ligand are H, CH<sub>3</sub>, halogens, and NO (bent).
'''Z-type ligands''' are those that accept two electrons from the metal center as opposed to the donation occurring with the other two types of ligands. However, these ligands also form dative covalent bonds like the L-type. This type of ligand is not usually used, because in certain situations it can be written in terms of L and X. For example, if a Z ligand is accompanied by an L type, it can be written as X<sub>2</sub>. Examples of these ligands are Lewis acids, such as BR<sub>3</sub>.
<br><br>
Some multidentate ligands can act as a combination of ligand types. A famous example is the cyclopentadienyl (or Cp) ligand, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>. We would classify this neutral ligand as [L<sub>2</sub>X], with the two L functionalities corresponding to the two “olefinic” fragments while the X functionality corresponds to the CH “radical” carbon in the ring. The addition of one electron makes the Cp<sup>-</sup> anion, which has six pi electrons and is thus planar and aromatic. In the ferrocene complex, Cp<sub>2</sub>Fe, using the "standard" donor pair counting method we can regard the two Cp<sup>-</sup> ligands as each possessing six pi electrons, and by difference Fe is in the +2 oxidation state. The Fe<sup>2+</sup> ion is d<sup>6</sup>. Thus the iron atom in the complex (regardless of the counting method) has 6+6+6=18 electrons in its coordination environment, which is a particularly stable electron count for transition metal complexes.
==  5.2 Crystal field theory==
[[w:crystal_field_theory|Crystal field theory]] is one of the simplest models for explaining the structures and properties of transition metal complexes. The theory is based on the electrostatics of the metal-ligand interaction, and so its results are only approximate in cases where the metal-ligand bond is substantially covalent. But because the model makes effective use of molecular symmetry, it can be surprisingly accurate in describing the magnetism, colors, structure, and relative stability of metal complexes.
<br />
Consider a positvely charged metal ion such as Fe<sup>3+</sup> in the "field" of six negatively charged ligands, such as CN<sup>-</sup>. There are two energetic terms we need to consider. The first is the '''electrostatic attraction''' between the metal and ligands, which is inversely proportional to the distance between them:
::<math>
E_{elec} = {1\over4\pi\varepsilon_0}\sum_{ligands}{q_Mq_L\over r_{ML}}
</math>
The second term is the '''repulsion''' that arises from the Pauli exclusion principle when a third electron is added to a filled orbital. There is no place for this third electron to go except to a higher energy antibonding orbital. This is the situation when a ligand lone pair approaches an occupied metal d-orbital:
::[[file:ligand-repulsion.png|130px|left]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[file:crystal-field.png|left|thumb|500px|A Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion has five d-electrons, one in each of the five d-orbitals. In a spherical ligand field, the energy of electrons in these orbitals rises because of the repulsive interaction with the ligand lone pairs. The orbitals split into two energy levels when the ligands occupy the vertices of an octahedron, but the average energy remains the same.]]
Now let us consider the effect of these attractive and repulsive terms as the metal ion and ligands are brought together. We do this in two steps, first forming a ligand "sphere" around the metal and then moving the six ligands to the vertices of an octahedron. Initially all five d-orbitals are degenerate, i.e., they have the same energy by symmetry. In the first step, the antibonding interaction drives up the energy of the orbitals, but they remain degenerate. In the second step, the d-orbitals split into two symmetry classes, a lower energy, triply-degenerate set (the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals) and a higher energy, doubly degenerate set (the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals).<br />
<br />
The '''energy difference''' between the e<sub>g</sub> and t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals is given the symbol '''Δ<sub>O</sub>''', where the "O" stands for "octahedral." We will see that this splitting energy is sensitive to the degree of orbital overlap and thus depends on both the metal and the ligand. Relative to the midpoint energy (the '''barycenter'''), the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals are stabilized by 2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> and the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals are destabilized by 3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> in an octahedral complex.
[[File:d-orbital-splitting.png|thumb|left|d-orbitals and their orientation with relation to ligands in an octahedral complex.]]
{{clr}}
What causes the d-orbitals to split into two sets? Recall that the d-orbitals have a specific orientation with respect to the Cartesian axes. The lobes of the d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>xz</sub>, and d<sub>yz</sub> orbitals (the '''t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals''') lie in the xy-, xz-, and yz-planes, respectively. These three d-orbitals have '''nodes''' along the x-, y-, and z-directions. The orbitals that contain the ligand lone pairs are oriented along these axes and therefore have '''zero overlap with the metal t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals'''. It is easy to see that these three d-orbitals must be degenerate by symmetry. On the other hand, the lobes of the d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> and d<sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub> orbitals (the '''e<sub>g</sub> orbitals''') point directly along the bonding axes and have strong overlap with the ligand orbitals. While it is less intuitively obvious, these orbitals are also degenerate by symmetry and have antibonding character.
<br />
<br />
It is informative to compare the results of '''crystal field theory''' and '''molecular orbital theory''' (also called [[w:ligand_field_theory|'''ligand field theory''']] in this context) for an octahedral transition metal complex. The energy level diagrams below make this comparison for the d<sup>1</sup> octahedral ion [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. In the MO picture at the right, the frontier orbitals are derived from the metal d-orbitals. The lower t<sub>2g</sub> set, which contains one electron, is non-bonding by symmetry, and the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals are antibonding. The metal 4s orbital, which has a<sub>1g</sub> symmetry, makes a low energy bonding combination that is ligand-centered, and an antibonding combination that is metal-centered and above the e<sub>g</sub> levels. This is the reason that our d-electron counting rules do not need to consider the metal 4s orbital. The important take-home message is that crystal field theory and MO theory give '''very similar results''' for the frontier orbitals of transition metal complexes.
[[Image:LFTi(III).png|thumb|400px|Ligand-field diagram for the octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>]. Note that this diagram considers only sigma bonding between the metal ion and the water ligands. For cases in which π-bonding can occur (see Section 5.4), the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals are no longer strictly non-bonding.]]<br />
[[File:d1-octahedral-crystal-field.png|300px|left|thumb|Crystal field energy diagram for the d<sup>1</sup> octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>.]]
{{clr}}
==  5.3 Spectrochemical series==
[[File:Cobalt(II)-nitrate-photo.jpg|290px|right]]
'''Strong and weak field ligands.''' The [[w:spectrochemical_series|spectrochemical series]] ranks ligands according the '''energy difference Δ<sub>O</sub>''' between the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals in their octahedral complexes. This energy difference is measured in the spectral transition between these levels, which often lies in the visible part of the spectrum and is responsible for the colors of complexes with partially filled d-orbitals. Ligands that produce a large splitting are called '''strong field''' ligands, and those that produce a small splitting are called '''weak field''' ligands.
<br />
An abbreviated [[w:spectrochemical_series|spectrochemical series]] is:
<br /><br />
'''Weak field''' I<sup>-</sup> < Br<sup>-</sup> < Cl<sup>-</sup> < NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> < F<sup>-</sup> < OH<sup>-</sup> < H<sub>2</sub>O < Pyridine < NH<sub>3</sub> < NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> < CN<sup>-</sup> < CO '''Strong field'''
[[file:weak-strong-field.png|300px|left|thumb|Water is a weak field ligand. The electronegative O atom is strongly electron-withdrawing, so there is poor orbital overlap between the electron pair on O and a metal d-orbital. The more electropositive C atom in the strong field ligand CN<sup>-</sup> allows better orbital overlap and sharing of the electron pair. Note that CN<sup>-</sup> typically coordinates metal ions through the C atom rather than the N atom.]][[File:Hexaaquacobalt(II)-nitrate-xtal-1973-unit-cell-CM-3D-balls.png|280px|thumb|Cobalt (II) complexes have different colors depending on the nature of the ligand. In crystals of the red compound cobalt(II) nitrate dihydrate, each cobalt ion is coordinated by six water molecules. The [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> cations and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> anions crystallize to make a salt. When the complex is dissolved in water, Co(II) retains its coordination shell of six water molecules and the solution has the same red color as the crystal.]]
'''Orbital overlap.''' Referring to the molecular orbital diagram above, we see that the splitting between d-electron levels reflects the antibonding interaction between the e<sub>g</sub> metal orbitals and the ligands. Thus, we expect ligand field strength to correlate with metal-ligand orbital overlap. Ligands that bind through very electronegative atoms such as '''O and halogens''' are thus expected to be '''weak field''', and ligands that bind through '''C or P''' are typically '''strong field'''. Ligands that bind through '''N''' are '''intermediate''' in strength. Another way to put this is that hard bases tend to be weak field ligands and soft bases are strong field ligands.
::'''Energy units.''' Energy can be calculated in a number of ways and it is useful to try to relate the splitting energy Δ<sub>O</sub> to more familiar quantities like bond energies.
::When Δ<sub>O</sub> is measured optically, a photon of wavelength λ is absorbed as an electron is promoted from a t<sub>2g</sub> to an e<sub>g</sub> orbital. The photon energy is related to its wavelength and frequency by:
:::E = hν = hc/λ = hc<math>\scriptstyle\tilde{\nu}</math>
::Here ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation, h is Planck's constant (6.626x10<sup>-34</sup> J*s), and c is the speed of light. <math>\scriptstyle\tilde{\nu}</math> is called the "wavenumber" and is the inverse of the wavelength, usually measured in cm<sup>-1</sup>. Energy gaps are often expressed by spectroscopists in terms of wavenumbers.
::For example, a red photon has a wavelength of about 620 nm and a wavenumber of about 16,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In other energy units, the same red photon has an energy of 2.0 eV (1 eV = 1240 nm) or 193 kJ/mol (1 eV = 96.5 kJ/mol). If we compare this to the dissociation energy of a carbon-carbon single bond (350 kJ/mol), we see that the C-C bond has about twice the energy of a red photon. We would need an ultraviolet photon (E > 350 kJ/mol = 3.6 eV = 345 nm = 29,000cm<sup>-1</sup>) to break a C-C bond.
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We will see that Δ<sub>O</sub> varies widely for transition metal complexes, from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. Thus the energy difference between the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals can range between the energy of a rather weak to a rather strong covalent bond.
'''Δ<sub>O</sub> depends on both the metal and the ligand.''' We can learn something about trends in Δ<sub>O</sub> by comparing a series of d<sup>6</sup> metal complexes:
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Complex !! Δ<sub>O</sub> (cm<sup>-1</sup>)
|-
| [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> || <center>9,300</center>
|-
| [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> || <center>18,200</center>
|-
| [Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || <center>33,500</center>
|-
| [Rh(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> || <center>27,000</center>
|-
| [Rh(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || <center>45,500</center>
|}
'''Important trends in Δ<sub>O</sub>''':
: '''Co<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes have larger Δ<sub>O</sub> than '''Co<sup>2+</sup>''' complexes with the same ligand. This reflects the '''electrostatic''' nature of the crystal field splitting.
:'''Rh<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes have larger Δ<sub>O</sub> than '''Co<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes. In general, elements in the 2nd and 3rd transition series (the '''4d and 5d elements)''' have '''larger splitting''' than those in the 3d series.
:For a given metal in one oxidation state (e.g., Co<sup>3+</sup>), the trend in Δ<sub>O</sub> follows the '''spectrochemical series'''. Thus Δ<sub>O</sub> is larger for [Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, which contains the strong field CN<sup>-</sup> ligand, than it is for [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> with the weak field ligand H<sub>2</sub>O.<br /><br />
[[File:1g Osmiumtetroxid.jpg|200px|thumb|Both Os and Ru form volatile, molecular tetroxides MO<sub>4</sub>. OsO<sub>4</sub> is used in epoxidation reactions and as a stain in electron microscopy. In contrast, the highest binary oxide of iron is Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.]]
'''The 4d and 5d elements are similar in their size and their chemistry.''' In comparing Δ<sub>O</sub> values for complexes in the 3d, 4d, and 5d series (e.g., comparing elements in the triads Co,Rh,Ir or Fe,Ru,Os), we always find 3d << 4d ≲ 5d. This trend reflects the spatial extent of the d-orbitals and thus their overlap with ligand orbitals. The 3d orbitals are smaller, and they are less effective in bonding than the 4d or 5d. The 4d and 5d orbitals are similar to each other because of the [[w:lanthanide_contraction|lanthanide contraction]]. At the beginning of the 5d series (between <sup>56</sup>Ba and <sup>72</sup>Hf) are the fourteen lanthanide elements (<sup>57</sup>La - <sup>71</sup>Lu).
Although the valence orbitals of the 5d elements are in a higher principal quantum shell than those of the 4d elements, the addition of 14 protons to the nucleus in crossing the lanthanide series contracts the sizes of the atomic orbitals. The important result is that the '''valence orbitals of the 4d and 5d elements have similar sizes''' and thus the elements resemble each other in their chemistry much more than they resemble their cousins in the 3d series. For example, the chemistry of Ru is very similar to that of Os, as illustrated at the right, but quite different from that of Fe.
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'''Colors of transition metal complexes.''' A simple, qualitative way to see the relative crystal field splitting energy, Δ<sub>O</sub>, is to observe the color of a transition metal complex. The higher the energy of the absorbed photon, the larger the energy gap. However, the color a complex absorbs is '''complementary''' to the color it appears (i.e., the color of light it reflects), which is '''opposite''' the absorbed color on the color wheel. [[File:color_wheel_wavelengths.png|thumb|left|270px|alt=A color wheel.|Complementary colors are across the color wheel from each other.]]
'''Examples:''' (all d<sup>7</sup> Co<sup>2+</sup> complexes) <br />
[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> looks purple in its salts and in concentrated solution because it absorbs in the green range.
[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is straw-colored because it absorbs in the blue range.
[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, looks red, absorbs in the violet and ultra-violet part of the spectrum. This is consistent with the idea that CN<sup>-</sup> is a stronger field ligand than NH<sub>3</sub>, because the energy of a UV photon is higher than that of a red-orange photon.
This method is applicable to most transition metal complexes, as the majority of them absorb somewhere in the visible range (400-700 nm = 25,000 to 14,300 cm<sup>-1</sup>), or have UV transitions that tail into the visible, making them appear yellow; however there are complexes such as [Rh(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> that appear colorless because their d-d transitions are in the ultraviolet. Other complexes such as [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup> are weakly colored because their d-d transitions involve a change in the spin state of the complex.
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==  5.4 π-bonding between metals and ligands==
[[file:d-pi-bonding.png|right|220px]]An important factor that contributes to the high ligand field strength of ligands such as CO, CN<sup>-</sup>, and phosphines is '''π-bonding''' between the metal and the ligand. There are three types of pi-bonding in metal complexes:
[[file:CO-backbonding.png|left|250px]]
The most common situation is when a ligand such as carbon monoxide or cyanide donates its sigma (nonbonding) electrons to the metal, while accepting electron density from the metal through overlap of a metal t<sub>2g</sub> orbital and a ligand π* orbital. This situation is called "'''[[w:pi_backbonding|back-bonding]]'''" because the ligand donates σ-electron density to the metal and the metal donates π-electron density to the ligand. The ligand is thus acting as a '''σ-donor and a π-acceptor.''' In π-backbonding, the metal donates π electrons to the ligand π* orbital, adding electron density to an ''antibonding'' molecular orbital. This results in weakening of the C-O bond, which is experimentally observed as lengthening of the bond (relative to free CO in the gas phase) and lowering of the C-O infrared stretching frequency.
'''d-d π bonding''' occurs when an element such phosphorus, which has a σ-symmetry lone pair and an empty 3d orbital, binds to a metal that has electrons in a t<sub>2g</sub> orbital. This is a common situation for phosphine complexes (e.g., triphenylphosphine) bound to low-valent, late transition metals. The backbonding in this case is analogous to the CO example, except that the acceptor orbital is a phosphorus 3d orbital rather than a ligand π* orbital. Here the phosphine ligand acts as a σ-donor and a π-acceptor, forming a dπ-dπ bond.
The third kind of metal-ligand π-bonding occurs when a '''π-donor ligand''' - an element with both a σ-symmetry electron pair and a filled orthogonal p-orbital - bonds to a metal, as shown above at the right for an O<sup>2-</sup> ligand. This occurs in early transition metal complexes. In this example, '''O<sup>2-</sup>''' is acting as both a '''σ-donor and a π-donor'''. This interaction is typically drawn as a metal-ligand multiple bond, e.g., the V=O bond in the [[w:vanadyl_ion|vanadyl]] cation [VO]<sup>2+</sup>. Typical π-donor ligands are oxide (O<sup>2-</sup>), nitride (N<sup>3-</sup>), imide (RN<sup>2-</sup>), alkoxide (RO<sup>-</sup>), amide (R<sub>2</sub>N<sup>-</sup>), and fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>). For late transition metals, strong π-donors form anti-bonding interactions with the filled d-levels, with consequences for spin state, redox potentials, and ligand exchange rates. π-donor ligands are low in the spectrochemical series.<ref>"Metal–Ligand Multiple Bonds: The Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Containing Oxo, Nitrido, Imido, Alkylidene, or Alkylidyne Ligands" W. A. Nugent and J. M. Mayer; Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1988.</ref>
[[Image:MetathesisROMPSchrock1993.svg|450px|left|thumb|A chiral Schrock catalyst polymerizes a norbornadiene derivative to a highly stereoregular isotactic polymer.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McConville | first1 = David H. | last2 = Wolf | first2 = Jennifer R. | last3 = Schrock | first3 = Richard R. | title = Synthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and all-cis highly tactic poly(2,3-(R)2norbornadiene) (R = CF<sub>3</sub> or CO<sub>2</sub>Me) | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 115 | issue=10 | pages = 4413–4414 | year = 1993 | doi = 10.1021/ja00063a090}}</ref>]][[Image:MetathesisGrubbs1992.svg|350px|thumb|Synthesis of a Grubbs olefin metathesis catalyst.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nguyen | first1 = Sonbinh T. | last2 = Johnson | first2 = Lynda K. | last3 = Grubbs | first3 = Robert H. | last4 = Ziller | first4 = Joseph W. | title = Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114 | issue=10 | pages = 3974–3975 | year = 1992 | doi = 10.1021/ja00036a053}}</ref>]]Carbon-containing ligands that are π-donors and their complexes with transition metal ions are very important in [[w:olefin_metathesis|'''olefin metathesis''']], a reaction in which carbon-carbon double bonds are interchanged. Using these catalysts, cyclic olefins can be transformed into linear polymers in high yield through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Catalysts of this kind were developed by the groups of Richard Schrock and Robert Grubbs, who shared the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Yves Chauvin for their discoveries. The Schrock catalysts are based on early transition metals such as Mo; they are more reactive but less tolerant of different organic functional groups and protic solvents than the Grubbs catalysts, which are based on Ru complexes.
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==  5.5 Crystal field stabilization energy, pairing, and Hund's rule==
The splitting of the d-orbitals into different energy levels in transition metal complexes has important consequences for their stability, reactivity, and magnetic properties. Let us first consider the simple case of the octahedral complexes [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>, where M = Ti, V, Cr. Because the complexes are octahedral, they all have the same energy level diagram:
[[file:M3+cfse.png|left|500px]] [[file:Cr2+cfse.png|270px]]
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The Ti<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>, and Cr<sup>3+</sup> complexes have one, two and three d-electrons respectively, which fill the degenerate t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals singly. The spins align parallel according to Hund's rule, which states that the lowest energy state has the highest spin angular momentum.
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For each of these complexes we can calculate a '''crystal field stabilization energy, CFSE''', which is the energy difference between the complex in its ground state and in a hypothetical state in which all five d-orbitals are at the energy barycenter.
:For Ti<sup>3+</sup>, there is one electron stabilized by 2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>, so CFSE = -(1)(2/5)(Δ<sub>O</sub>) = -2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>.
:Similarly, CFSE = -4/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> and -6/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> for V<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup>, respectively.
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For Cr<sup>2+</sup> complexes, which have four d-electrons, the situation is more complicated. Now we can have a high spin configuration (t<sup>2g</sup>)<sup>3</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>1</sup>, or a low spin configuration (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>4</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>0</sup> in which two of the electrons are paired. What are the energies of these two states?
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:High spin: CFSE = (-3)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (1)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> = -3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>
:Low spin: CFSE = (-4)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + P = -8/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + P, where P is the '''pairing energy'''
:Energy difference = -8/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + P - (-3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>) = '''-Δ<sub>O</sub> + P'''
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The '''pairing energy P''' is the energy penalty for putting two electrons in the same orbital, resulting from the electrostatic repulsion between electrons. For 3d elements, a typical value of P is about 15,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>.
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<big>The important result here is that a complex will be '''low spin''' if '''Δ<sub>O</sub> > P''', and '''high spin''' if '''Δ<sub>O</sub> < P'''.</big>
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Because Δ<sub>O</sub> depends on both the metals and the ligands, it determines the spin state of the complex.[[file:high-low-spin-Co2+.png|170px|right|thumb|d-orbital energy diagrams for high and low spin Co<sup>2+</sup> complexes, d<sup>7</sup>]]
Rules of thumb:
:'''3d''' complexes are '''high spin''' with '''weak field''' ligands and '''low spin''' with '''strong field''' ligands.
:'''High valent 3d''' complexes (e.g., Co<sup>3+</sup> complexes) tend to be '''low spin''' (large Δ<sub>O</sub>)
:'''4d and 5d''' complexes are '''always low spin''' (large Δ<sub>O</sub>)
Note that high and low spin states occur only for 3d metal complexes with between 4 and 7 d-electrons. Complexes with 1 to 3 d-electrons can accommodate all electrons in individual orbitals in the t<sub>2g</sub> set. Complexes with 8, 9, or 10 d-electrons will always have completely filled t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals and 2-4 electrons in the e<sub>g</sub> set.
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'''Examples of high and low spin complexes:'''
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>] contains a d<sup>7</sup> metal ion with a weak field ligand. This complex is known to be high spin from magnetic susceptibility measurements, which detect three unpaired electrons per molecule. Its orbital occupancy is (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>5</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>2</sup>.
:We can calculate the CFSE as -(5)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (2)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> = -4/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>.
:[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>4-</sup>] is also an octahedral d<sup>7</sup> complex but it contains CN<sup>-</sup>, a strong field ligand. Its orbital occupancy is (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>6</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>1</sup> and it therefore has one unpaired electron.
:In this case the CFSE is -(6)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (1)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + 3P = -9/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + 3P(For 3 paired electrons).
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'''Magnetism of transition metal complexes'''<br />
Compounds with '''unpaired electrons''' have an inherent magnetic moment that arises from the '''electron spin'''. Such compounds interact strongly with applied magnetic fields. Their [[w:Magnetic_susceptibility|'''magnetic susceptibility''']] provides a simple way to measure the number of unpaired electrons in a transition metal complex.
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If a transition metal complex has no unpaired electrons, it is [[w:diamagnetism|'''diamagnetic''']] and is weakly repelled from the high field region of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Complexes with unpaired electrons are typically [[w:paramagnetism|'''paramagnetic''']]. The spins in paramagnets align independently in an applied magnetic field but do not align spontaneously in the absence of a field. Such compounds are attracted to a magnet, i.e., they are drawn into the high field region of an inhomogeneous field. The attractive force, which can be measured with a [[w:Gouy_balance|'''Guoy balance''']] or a [[w:magnetometer|'''SQUID magnetometer''']], is proportional to the [[w:Magnetic_susceptibility|'''magnetic susceptibility''']] ('''χ''') of the complex.<br />
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The effective '''magnetic moment''' of an ion ('''µ<sub>eff</sub>'''), in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, is given by the sum of its spin and orbital moments:
:'''µ<sub>eff</sub> = µ<sub>spin</sub> + µ<sub>orbital</sub> = µ<sub>s</sub> + µ<sub>L</sub>'''
In octahedral 3d metal complexes, the orbital angular momentum is largely "quenched" by symmetry, so we can approximate:
: '''µ<sub>eff</sub> ≈ µ<sub>s</sub>'''
We can calculate µ<sub>s</sub> from the number of unpaired electrons (n) using:
:<math>\mu_{eff}= \sqrt{n(n+2)} \mu_B</math>
Here µ<sub>B</sub> is the [[w:bohr_magneton|'''Bohr magneton''']] (= eh/4πm<sub>e</sub>) = 9.3 x 10<sup>-24</sup> J/T. This spin-only formula is a good approximation for first-row transition metal complexes, especially high spin complexes. The table below compares calculated and experimentally measured values of µ<sub>eff</sub> for octahedral complexes with 1-5 unpaired electrons.
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Ion!!Number of <br/>unpaired<br/>electrons!!Spin-only<br/> moment /μ<sub>B</sub>!!observed<br/>moment /μ<sub>B</sub>
|-
|Ti<sup>3+</sup> ||1||1.73||1.73
|-
|V<sup>4+</sup>||1 || ||1.68–1.78
|-
|Cu<sup>2+</sup> ||1 || ||1.70–2.20
|-
|V<sup>3+</sup>||2||2.83||2.75–2.85
|-
|Ni<sup>2+</sup>||2|| ||2.8–3.5
|-
|V<sup>2+</sup> ||3||3.87||3.80–3.90
|-
|Cr<sup>3+</sup> ||3|| ||3.70–3.90
|-
|Co<sup>2+</sup> ||3|| ||4.3–5.0
|-
|Mn<sup>4+</sup> ||3|| ||3.80–4.0
|-
|Cr<sup>2+</sup> ||4||4.90 ||4.75–4.90
|-
|Fe<sup>2+</sup> ||4 || ||5.1–5.7
|-
|Mn<sup>2+</sup> ||5||5.92 ||5.65–6.10
|-
|Fe<sup>3+</sup> ||5|| ||5.7–6.0
|}
The small deviations from the spin-only formula for these octahedral complexes can result from the neglect of orbital angular momentum or of spin-orbit coupling. Tetrahedral d<sup>3</sup>, d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>8</sup> and d<sup>9</sup> complexes tend to show larger deviations from the spin-only formula than octahedral complexes of the same ion because quenching of the orbital contribution is less effective in the tetrahedral case.<br />
'''Summary of rules for high and low spin complexes:'''[[file:CFSE_DH.png|right|300px]]
:'''3d complexes:''' Can be high or low spin, depending on the ligand (d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>5</sup>, d<sup>6</sup>, d<sup>7</sup>)
:'''4d and 5d complexes:''' Always low spin, because Δ<sub>O</sub> is large
: '''Maximum CFSE''' is for d<sup>3</sup> and d<sup>8</sup> cases (e.g., Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>) with weak field ligands (H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sup>2-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>,...) and for d<sup>3</sup>-d<sup>6</sup> with strong field ligands (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Ru<sup>2+</sup>, Os<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>3+</sup>, Rh<sup>3+</sup>, Ir<sup>3+</sup>,...)
:[[w:Irving–Williams_series|'''Irving-Williams series.''']] For M<sup>2+</sup> complexes, the stability of the complex follows the order Mg<sup>2+</sup> < Mn<sup>2+</sup> < Fe<sup>2+</sup> < Co<sup>2+</sup> < Ni<sup>2+</sup> < Cu<sup>2+</sup> > Zn<sup>2+</sup>. This trend represents increasing Lewis acidity as the ions become smaller (going left to right in the periodic table) as well as the trend in CFSE. This same trend is reflected in the hydration enthalpy of gas-phase M<sup>2+</sup> ions, as illustrated in the graph at the right. Note that Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which are d<sup>0</sup>, d<sup>5</sup>(high spin), and d<sup>10</sup> aquo ions, respectively, all have zero CFSE and fall on the same line. Ions that deviate the most from the line such as Ni<sup>2+</sup> (octahedral d<sup>8</sup>) have the highest CFSE.
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[[File:Vanadiumoxidationstates.jpg|thumb|right|upright|From left: [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (lilac), [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (green), [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (blue) and [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (yellow).]]
'''Colors and spectra of transition metal complexes'''<br />
Transition metal complexes often have beautiful colors because, as noted above, their d-d transition energies can be in the visible part of the spectrum. With octahedral complexes these colors are faint (the transitions are weak) because they violate the [[w:Laporte_rule|Laporte selection rule]]. According to this rule, g -> g and u -> u transitions are forbidden in centrosymmetric complexes. d-orbitals have g (gerade) symmetry, so d-d transitions are Laporte-forbidden. However octahedral complexes can absorb light when they momentarily distort away from centrosymmetry as the molecule vibrates. Spin flips are also forbidden in optical transitions by the spin selection rule, so the excited state will always have the same spin multiplicity as the ground state.
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The spectra of even the simplest transition metal complexes are rather complicated because of the many possible ways in which the d-electrons can fill the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. For example, if we consider a d<sup>2</sup> complex such as V<sup>3+</sup>(aq), we know that the two electrons can reside in any of the five d-orbitals, and can either be spin-up or spin-down. There are actually 45 different such arrangements (called '''microstates''') that do not violate the Pauli exclusion principle for a d<sup>2</sup> complex. Usually we are concerned only with the six of lowest energy, in which both electrons occupy individual orbitals in the t<sub>2g</sub> set and all their spins are aligned either up or down.<br /><br />
[[file:Cr(hexammine)3+.png|300px|left|thumb|The UV-visible spectrum of [Cr(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> shows two weak absorption bands, both corresponding to d-d transitions from the t<sub>2g</sub> to e<sub>g</sub> orbitals.]]
We can see how these microstates play a role in electronic spectra when we consider the d-d transitions of the [Cr(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> ion. This ion is d<sup>3</sup>, so each of the three t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals contains one unpaired electron. We expect to see a transition when one of the three electrons in the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals is excited to an empty e<sub>g</sub> orbital. Interestingly, we find not one but '''two''' transitions in the visible.<br />
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The reason that we see two transitions is that the electron can come from any one of the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals and end up in either of the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. Let us assume for the sake of argument that the electron is initially in the d<sub>xy</sub> orbital. It can be excited to either the d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> or the d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbital:
:d<sub>xy</sub> --> d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> (higher energy)
:d<sub>xy</sub> --> d<sub>x</sub><sub>2</sub><sub>-y</sub><sub>2</sub> (lower energy)
The first transition is at higher energy (shorter wavelength) because in the excited state the configuration is (d<sub>yz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>xz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small><sup>1</sup>). All three of the excited state orbitals have some z-component, so the d-electron density is "piled up" along the z-axis. The energy of this transition is thus increased by '''electron-electron repulsion'''. In the second case, the excited state configuration is (d<sub>yz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>xz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small><sup>1</sup>), and the d-electrons are more symmetrically distributed around the metal. This effect is responsible for a splitting of the d-d bands by about 8,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We can show that all other possible transitions are equivalent to one of these two by symmetry, and hence we see only two visible absorption bands for Cr<sup>3+</sup> complexes.
==  5.6 Non-octahedral complexes==
[[File:octa-to-sq.png|left|600px|thumb|Crystal field energy diagram showing the transition from octahedral to square planar geometry]][[File:Cisplatin-3D-balls.png |right|170px|thumbnail|cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, a 5d<sup>8</sup> square planar complex]]The most important non-octahedral geometries for transition metal complexes are:
:'''4-coordinate:''' square planar and tetrahedral
:'''5-coordinate:''' square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal
[[File:Nci-vol-8173-300_barnett_rosenberg.jpg|right|170px|thumb|[[w:Barnett_Rosenberg|Barnett Rosenberg]] (Michigan State University) accidentally discovered the biological effects of square planar cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> while researching bacterial growth in electric fields.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Rosenberg B, Vancamp L, Trosco JE, Mansour VH | title = Platinum compounds - a new class of potent antitumour agents | journal = Nature | volume = 222 | issue = 5191 | pages = 385-386 | year = 1969 | doi = 10.1038/222385a0 }}</ref> The Pt electrode he used reacted with chloride and ammonium ions in the electrolyte to produce the compound at 1-10 ppm concentration. Further experiments revealed that the cis-isomer (but not the trans-isomer) is a potent anti-cancer drug which is especially effective against testicular cancer. The drug works by cross-linking guanine-cytosine rich regions of DNA, thus inhibiting cell division.]][[File:Geoffrey_Wilkinson_ca._1976.png|right|170px|thumb|Sir [[w:Geoffrey_Wilkinson|Geoffrey Wilkinson]], an inorganic chemist at Imperial College London, developed Wilkinson's catalyst in 1966. Earlier, as an Assistant Professor at Harvard University, he had elucidated the sandwich structure of [[w:ferrocene|ferrocene]],<ref>{{cite journal |author = G. Wilkinson, M. Rosenblum, M. C. Whiting, R. B. Woodward |title = The Structure of Iron Bis-Cyclopentadienyl |journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society |year = 1952|volume = 74 |pages = 2125–2126 |doi = 10.1021/ja01128a527 |issue = 8}}</ref> which had been discovered a few years before but not understood. Wilkinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1973 for his contributions to organometallic chemistry.]]
'''Energies of the d-orbitals in non-octahedral geometries.''' The figure at the left shows what happens to the d-orbital energy diagram as we progressively distort an octahedral complex by elongating it along the z-axis (a '''tetragonal distortion'''), by removing one of its ligands to make a '''square pyramid''', or by removing both of the ligands along the z-axis to make a '''square planar''' complex. In all cases, we keep the total bond order the same by making the bonds in the xy plane shorter as the bonds in the z-direction are stretched and/or broken.
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The distortion away from octahedral symmetry breaks the degeneracy of the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. d-orbitals with a z-axis component (d<sub>xz</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub>, d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small>) go down in energy as orbitals that reside in the xy plane (d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small>) rise in energy. The barycenter (the weighted average orbital energy) remains constant. Also, it is important to note that the splitting between the d<sub>xy</sub> and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals is constant at Δ<sub>O</sub> regardless of the nature of the distortion. In the square planar geometry, the energies of the d<sub>xz</sub> d<sub>yz</sub>, d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small>, d<sub>xy</sub>, and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals are -0.51, -0.40, +0.21, and +1.21 (in units of Δ<sub>O</sub>), respectively.
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Why would a "happy" octahedral complex want to lose two of its ligands to make a '''square planar''' complex? This occurs frequently in d<sup>8</sup> and sometimes in d<sup>9</sup> complexes with large Δ<sub>O</sub>, i.e., '''3d<sup>8</sup> complexes with strong field ligands and 4d<sup>8</sup>, 5d<sup>8</sup> complexes with any ligands'''. Examples of such d<sup>8</sup> complexes are [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, the anti-cancer drug cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), [Pd(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, and [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>. At the d<sup>8</sup> electron count, the lowest four orbitals are filled and the highest orbital (the d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small>) is empty, resulting in a large CFSE (2.4 Δ<sub>O</sub>, vs. 1.2 Δ<sub>O</sub> for octahedral d<sup>8</sup>). This difference of 1.2 Δ<sub>O</sub> more than offsets the pairing energy for 4d<sup>8</sup> and 5d<sup>8</sup> complexes, and for 3d<sup>8</sup> complexes with strong field ligands. These square planar complexes are diamagnetic and tend to be quite stable. With weak field ligands, 3d<sup>8</sup> complexes are octahedral and paramagnetic (e.g., [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, which has two unpaired electrons in the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals).<br /><br />
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'''Square planar complexes in catalysis:'''<br />
[[File:Catalitic cycle for hydrogenation with Wilkinson's catalyst.svg|left|400px]]Square planar d<sup>8</sup> complexes can be oxidized by two electrons to become octahedral (low spin) d<sup>6</sup> complexes, which also have a large CFSE. Because the loss of two electrons is accompanied by the gain of two ligands, this process is called '''oxidative addition'''. The reverse process is called '''reductive elimination.''' Both processes function together in catalytic cycles, such as the hydrogenation of olefins using [[w:Wilkinson's_catalyst|'''Wilkinson's catalyst''']].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Osborn, J. A.; Jardine, F. H.; Young, J. F.; Wilkinson, G.| title=The Preparation and Properties of Tris(triphenylphosphine)halogenorhodium(I) and Some Reactions Thereof Including Catalytic Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Olefins and Acetylenes and Their Derivatives| journal= Journal of the Chemical Society A | year = 1966 | pages = 1711–1732 | doi = 10.1039/J19660001711}}</ref><ref>"Tris(triphenylphosphine)halorhodium(I)" J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Volume 10, p. 67. DOI 10.1002/9780470132418.ch12</ref> The catalytic cycle is shown at the left.
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The catalyst cycles between 4-coordinate Rh(I) (4d<sup>8</sup>) and 6-coordinate Rh(III) (4d<sup>6</sup>). The complex first adds H<sub>2</sub> oxidatively, to give a six-coordinate complex in which the hydrogen is formally H<sup>-</sup>. An olefin molecule displaces a solvent molecule, using its π-electrons to coordinate the metal. The complex rearranges by inserting the olefin into the metal-hydrogen bond, a process called '''migratory insertion'''. Finally, the complex returns to the square planar geometry by eliminating the hydrogenated olefin (reductive elimination). Wilkinson's catalyst is highly active and is widely used for homogeneous hydrogenation, hydroboration, and hydrosilation reactions.<ref>{{cite journal | author = D. A. Evans, G. C. Fu and A. H. Hoveyda | title = Rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydroboration of olefins. The documentation of regio- and stereochemical control in cyclic and acyclic systems | year = 1988 | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 110 | issue = 20 | pages = 6917–6918 | doi=10.1021/ja00228a068}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = I. Ojima, T. Kogure | journal = Tetrahedron Lett. | year = 1972 | volume = 13 | issue = 49 | pages = 5035–5038 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)85162-5 | title = Selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated terpene carbonyl compounds using hydrosilane-rhodium(I) complex combinations}}</ref> With chiral phosphine ligands, the catalyst can hydrogenate prochiral olefins to give enantiomerically pure products.<ref>{{cite journal | author = W. S. Knowles | title = Asymmetric Hydrogenations (Nobel Lecture 2001) | journal = Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis | year = 2003 | volume = 345 | issue = 12 | pages = 3–13 | doi = 10.1002/adsc.200390028 }}</ref> With chiral tridentate ligands that occupy three of the four coordination sites of the square planar complex, very high yields of enantiometrically pure hydrogenation products can be produced. Analogous chiral Ir(I) complexes catalyze the hydrogenation of prochiral ketones to chiral primary alcohols, an important step in the production of many chiral pharmaceutical compounds.<ref>{{cite journal | author = J. Yu, J. Long, W. Wu., P. Xue, and X. Zhang | title = Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with Accessible and Modular Ferrocene-Based Amino-phosphine Acid (f-Ampha) Ligands | journal = Organic Letters | year = 2017 | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 690-693 | doi = 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03862 }}</ref>
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[[File:Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-vdW.png|Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-vdW|right|200px]]
'''Linear ML<sub>2</sub> complexes.''' Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) ions form linear ML<sub>2</sub> complexes with both weak and strong field ligands. For example, air oxidation of gold or silver metal occurs in the presence of cyanide salts, forming [Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> or [Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, and this redox reaction is exploited in mining these precious metals. Insoluble Ag(I) compounds, e.g., AgCl, can be solubilized in ammonia solutions to make soluble linear complexes such as [Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
The linear coordination geometry arises from hybridization of s and d orbitals. For example, in the [Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> ion shown above, hybrids of the 5d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> and 6s orbitals each contain one electron and are directed along the z-axis, similar to the way in which p<sub>z</sub> and s orbitals are hybridized in molecules such as HC≡CH. In these linear complexes, the crystal field splits into three levels, with the filled d<sub>xy</sub> and d<sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub> orbitals lowest in energy, the filled d<sub>xz</sub> and d<sub>yz</sub> at intermediate energy, and the half-filled d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> orbital highest. Back bonding between the d<sub>xz</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub> orbitals and CN<sup>-</sup> π* orbitals also occurs, further stabilizing the complex. <ref>M. De Santis et al., The Chemical Bond and s−d Hybridization in Coinage Metal(I) Cyanides, Inorg. Chem. 2019, 58, 11716−11729. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01694</ref><ref>N. Zhang, J. Kou, and C. Sun, Investigation on Gold–Ligand Interaction for Complexes from Gold Leaching: A DFT Study, Molecules 2023, 28, 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031508</ref>
==  5.7 Jahn-Teller effect==
[[File:Jahn-Teller effect.svg|left|250px|thumb|Jahn-Teller distortion of a d<sup>9</sup> octahedral transition metal complex. The tetragonal distortion lengthens the bonds along the z-axis as the bonds in the x-y plane become shorter. This change lowers the overall energy, because the two electrons in the d<sub>z2</sub> orbital go down in energy as the one electron in the d<sub>x2-y2</sub> orbital goes up.]] The '''Jahn–Teller effect''', sometimes also known as '''Jahn–Teller distortion''', describes the geometrical distortion of molecules and ions that is associated with certain electron configurations. This electronic effect is named after [[w:Hermann Arthur Jahn|Hermann Arthur Jahn]] and [[w:Edward Teller|Edward Teller]], who proved, using [[w:group theory|group theory]], that orbitally degenerate molecules ''cannot'' be stable.<ref>{{cite journal | author = [[w:Hermann Arthur Jahn|H. Jahn]] and [[w:Edward Teller|E. Teller]] | title = Stability of Polyatomic Molecules in Degenerate Electronic States. I. Orbital Degeneracy | year = 1937 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society A | volume = 161 | issue = 905 | pages = 220–235 | doi = 10.1098/rspa.1937.0142|bibcode = 1937RSPSA.161..220J }}</ref> The '''Jahn–Teller theorem''' essentially states that any non-linear molecule with a spatially [[w:degenerate energy level|degenerate]] electronic ground state will undergo a geometrical distortion that removes that degeneracy, because the distortion lowers the overall energy of the molecule.
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We can understand this effect in the context of octahedral metal complexes by considering d-electron configurations in which the '''e<sub>g</sub>''' orbital set contains '''one or three electrons'''. The most common of these are high spin d<sup>4</sup> (e.g., CrF<sub>2</sub>) , low spin d<sup>7</sup> (e.g.,NaNiO<sub>2</sub>), and d<sup>9</sup> (e.g., Cu<sup>2+</sup>). If the complex can distort to break the symmetry, then one of the (formerly) degenerate e<sub>g</sub> orbitals will go down in energy and the other will go up. More electrons will occupy the lower orbital than the upper one, resulting in an overall lowering of the electronic energy. A similar distortion can occur in tetrahedral complexes when the t<sub>2</sub> orbitals are partially filled. Such geometric distortions that lower the electronic energy are said to be '''electronically driven'''. Similar electronically driven distortions occur in one-dimensional chain compounds, where they are called [[w:Peierls_transition|Peierls distortions]], and in two-dimensionally bonded sheets, where they are called [[w:charge_density_wave|charge density waves]].
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[[File:Hexaaquacopper(II)-3D-balls.png|thumb|right|200px|The Jahn–Teller effect is responsible for the tetragonal distortion of the hexaaquacopper(II) complex ion, [Cu(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, which might otherwise possess octahedral geometry. The two axial Cu−O distances are 2.38 Å, whereas the four equatorial Cu−O distances are ~1.95 Å.]]
[[File:Cu water.png|thumb|right|200px|The Cu(II) ion can also coordinate five water molecules in an elongated square pyramid with four Cu-Oeq bonds (2x1.98 Å and 2x1.95 Å) and a long Cu-Oax bond (2.35 Å). The four equatorial ligands are distorted from the mean equatorial plane by ± 17°.]]
The Jahn–Teller effect is most often encountered in octahedral complexes, especially six-coordinate copper(II) complexes.<ref>{{cite book | title = Metal-ligand bonding | author = Rob Janes and Elaine A. Moore | publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-85404-979-7 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=qsP7mmhqvj4C&pg=PA23&dq=%22Jahn-Teller+distortion%22 }}</ref> The ''d''<sup>9</sup> electronic configuration of this ion gives three electrons in the two degenerate ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals, leading to a doubly degenerate electronic ground state. Such complexes distort along one of the molecular fourfold axes (always labelled the ''z'' axis), which has the effect of removing the orbital and electronic degeneracies and lowering the overall energy. The distortion normally takes the form of elongating the bonds to the ligands lying along the ''z'' axis, but occasionally occurs as a shortening of these bonds instead (the Jahn–Teller theorem does not predict the direction of the distortion, only the presence of an unstable geometry). When such an elongation occurs, the effect is to lower the electrostatic repulsion between the electron-pair on the Lewis basic ligand and any electrons in orbitals with a ''z'' component, thus lowering the energy of the complex. If the undistorted complex would be expected to have an inversion center, this is preserved after the distortion.
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In octahedral complexes, the Jahn–Teller effect is most pronounced when an odd number of electrons occupy the ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals. This situation arises in complexes with the configurations ''d''<sup>9</sup>, low-spin ''d''<sup>7</sup> or high-spin ''d''<sup>4</sup> complexes, all of which have doubly degenerate ground states. In such compounds the ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals involved in the degeneracy point directly at the ligands, so distortion can result in a large energetic stabilization. Strictly speaking, the effect also occurs when there is a degeneracy due to the electrons in the ''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals (''i.e.'' configurations such as ''d''<sup>1</sup> or ''d''<sup>2</sup>, both of which are triply degenerate). In such cases, however, the effect is much less noticeable, because there is a much smaller lowering of repulsion on taking ligands further away from the ''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals, which do not point ''directly'' at the ligands (see the table below). The same is true in tetrahedral complexes (e.g. manganate ([MnO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, d<sup>1</sup>): the distortion is very subtle because there is less stabilization to be gained when the ligands are not pointing directly at the orbitals.
The expected effects for octahedral coordination are given in the following table:
<div align=center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Jahn–Teller effect
! Number of d electrons !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! colspan="2" | 4 !! colspan="2" | 5 !! colspan="2" | 6 !! colspan="2" | 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! High/Low Spin !! !! !! !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! !! !!
|-
!Strength of J-T Effect
| style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" |
|-
|}
</div>
w: weak Jahn–Teller effect (''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals unevenly occupied)
s: strong Jahn–Teller effect expected (''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals unevenly occupied)
blank: no Jahn–Teller effect expected.
The Jahn–Teller effect is manifested in the UV-VIS absorbance spectra of some compounds, where it often causes splitting of bands. It is readily apparent in the structures of many copper(II) complexes.<ref>Patrick Frank, Maurizio Benfatto, Robert K. Szilagyi, Paola D'Angelo, Stefano Della Longa, and Keith O. Hodgson "The Solution Structure of [Cu(aq)]<sup>2+</sup> and Its Implications for Rack-Induced Bonding in Blue Copper Protein Active Sites" Inorganic Chemistry 2005, vol 44, pp 1922–1933. DOI 10.1021/ic0400639</ref> Additional, detailed information about the anisotropy of such complexes and the nature of the ligand binding can be obtained from the fine structure of the low-temperature electron spin resonance spectra.
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==  5.8 Tetrahedral complexes==
Tetrahedral complexes are formed with late transition metal ions (Co<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>) and some early transition metals (Ti<sup>4+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>), especially in situations where the ligands are large. In these cases the small metal ion cannot easily accommodate a coordination number higher than four. Examples of tetrahedal ions and molecules are [CoCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, [MnCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, and TiX<sub>4</sub> (X = halogen). Tetrahedral coordination is also observed in some oxo-anions such as [FeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, which exists as discrete anions in the salts Na<sub>4</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub> and Sr<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>, and in the neutral oxides RuO<sub>4</sub> and OsO<sub>4</sub>. The metal carbonyl complexes Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub> and Co(CO)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> are also tetrahedral.
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[[file:tetrahedron-in-cube.png|300px|left]][[file:tetrahedral-cfse.png|right|200px]]The splitting of the d-orbitals in a tetrahedral crystal field can be understood by connecting the vertices of a tetrahedron to form a cube, as shown in the picture at the left. The tetrahedral M-L bonds lie along the body diagonals of the cube. The d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals point along the cartesian axes, i.e., towards the faces of the cube, and have the least contact with the ligand lone pairs. Therefore these two orbitals form a low energy, doubly degenerate e set. The d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub>, and d<sub>xz</sub> orbitals point at the edges of the cube and form a triply degenerate t<sub>2</sub> set. While the t<sub>2</sub> orbitals have more overlap with the ligand orbitals than the e set, they are still weakly interacting compared to the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals of an octahedral complex.
The resulting crystal field energy diagram is shown at the right. The splitting energy, Δ<sub>t</sub>, is about 4/9 the splitting of an octahedral complex formed with the same ligands. For 3d elements, Δ<sub>t</sub> is thus small compared to the pairing energy and their tetrahedral complexes are always high spin. Note that we have dropped the "g" subscript because the tetrahedron does not have a center of symmetry.
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Tetrahedral complexes often have '''vibrant colors''' because they '''lack the center of symmetry''' that forbids a d-d* transition. Because the low energy transition is allowed, these complexes typically absorb in the visible range and have extinction coefficients that are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the those of the corresponding octahedral complexes. An illustration of this effect can be seen in Drierite, which contains particles of colorless, anhydrous calcium sulfate (gypsum) that absorbs moisture from gases. The indicator dye in Drierite is cobalt (II) chloride, which is is a light pink when wet (octahedral) and deep blue when dry (tetrahedral). The reversible hydration reaction is:
:::::Co[CoCl<sub>4</sub>] + 12 H<sub>2</sub>O ⇌ 2 [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub>
::('''deep blue''', tetrahedral [CoCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>) ('''light pink''', octahedral [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>)
:[[File:Drierite indicateur cropped.jpg|left|Drierite Dry and Wet|450px]][[file:co-cfse.png|200px]]
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==  5.9 Stability of transition metal complexes==
The crystal field stabilization energy ('''CFSE''') is an important factor in the stability of transition metal complexes. Complexes with high CFSE tend to be '''thermodynamically''' stable (i.e., they have high values of K<sub>a</sub>, the equilibrium constant for metal-ligand association) and are also '''kinetically''' inert. They are kinetically inert because ligand substitution requires that they ''dissociate'' (lose a ligand), ''associate'' (gain a ligand), or ''interchange'' (gain and lose ligands at the same time) in the transition state. These distortions in coordination geometry lead to a large '''activation energy''' if the CFSE is large, even if the product of the ligand exchange reaction is also a stable complex. For this reason, complexes of Pt<sup>4+</sup>, Ir<sup>3+</sup> (both low spin 5d<sup>6</sup>), and Pt<sup>2+</sup> (square planar 5d<sup>8</sup>) have very slow ligand exchange rates.
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There are two other important factors that contribute to complex stability:
:'''Hard-soft interactions''' of metals and ligands (which relate to the '''energy''' of complex formation)
:The '''chelate effect''', which is an '''entropic''' contributor to complex stability.
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'''Hard-soft interactions''' <br />
<u>Hard acids</u> are typically small, high charge density cations that are weakly polarizable such as H<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Be<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Ti<sup>4+</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. ''Electropositive metals'' in ''high oxidation states'' are typically hard acids. These elements are predominantly found in oxide minerals, because O<sup>2-</sup> is a hard base. <br />
Some <u>hard bases</u> include H<sub>2</sub>O, OH<sup>-</sup>, O<sup>2-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and NH<sub>3</sub>. <br />
The hard acid-base interaction is primarily '''electrostatic'''. Complexes of hard acids with hard bases are stable because of the electrostatic component of the CFSE.
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<u>Soft acids</u> are large, polarizable, ''electronegative metal'' ions in ''low oxidation states'' such as Ni<sup>0</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>, and Au<sup>+</sup>.
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<u>Soft bases</u> are anions/neutral bases such as H<sup>-</sup>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, CO, PR<sub>3</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>S, and CN<sup>-</sup>). Soft acids typically occur in nature as sulfide or arsenide minerals. <br />
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The bonding between soft acids and soft bases is predominantly '''covalent'''. For example, metal carbonyls bind through a covalent interaction between a zero- or low-valent metal and neutral CO to form Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>, Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>, Co(CO)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub>, W(CO)<sub>6</sub>, and related compounds.
The preference for hard-hard and soft-soft interactions ("like binds like") is nicely illustrated in the properties of the copper halides:
::CuF '''CuI'''
: unstable stable
::'''CuF<sub>2</sub>''' CuI<sub>2</sub>
: stable unstable
The compounds CuF and CuI<sub>2</sub> have never been isolated, and are thermodynamically unstable to disproportionation:
:2 CuF(s) → Cu(s) + CuF<sub>2</sub>(s)
:2 CuI<sub>2</sub>(s) → 2 CuI(s) + I<sub>2</sub>(s)
We will learn more about quantifying the energetics of these compounds in Chapter 9.
==  5.10 Chelate and macrocyclic effects==
[[File:Me-EN.svg|thumb|130px|Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand that forms a five-membered ring in coordinating to a metal ion M]]Ligands that contain more than one binding site for a metal ion are called '''chelating''' ligands (from the Greek word χηλή, chēlē, meaning "claw"). As the name implies, chelating ligands have '''high affinity''' for metal ions relative to ligands with only one binding group (which are called monodentate = "single tooth") ligands.
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Consider the two complexation equilibria in aqueous solution, between the cobalt (II) ion, Co<sup>2+</sup>(aq) and ethylenediamine (en) on the one hand and ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, on the other.
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 NH<sub>3</sub> ⇌ [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (1)
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 3 en ⇌ [Co(en)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (2)
Electronically, the ammonia and en ligands are very similar, since both bind through N and since the Lewis base strengths of their nitrogen atoms are similar. This means that ΔH° must be very similar for the two reactions, since six Co-N bonds are formed in each case. Interestingly however, we observe that the equilibrium constant is ''100,000 times larger'' for the second reaction than it is for the first.
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The big difference between these two reactions is that the second one involves "condensation" of ''fewer particles'' to make the complex. This means that the '''entropy changes''' for the two reactions are different. The first reaction has a ΔS° value close to zero, because there are the same number of molecules on both sides of the equation. The second one has a positive ΔS° because four molecules come together but seven molecules are produced. The difference between them (ΔΔS°) is about +100 J/mol-K. We can translate this into a ratio of equilibrium constants using:
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:K<sub>f</sub>(en)/K<sub>f</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>) = e<sup>-ΔΔG°/RT</sup> ≈ e<sup>+ΔΔS°/R</sup> ≈ e<sup>12</sup> ≈ 10<sup>5</sup>
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[[File:EDTA.svg|thumbnail|left|170 px|Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid acid (EDTA), a hexadentate ligand]][[File:Heme_b.svg|180px|right|thumbnail|Heme b]]
The bottom line is that the chelate effect is '''entropy-driven'''. It follows that the more binding groups a ligand contains, the more positive the ΔS° and the higher the K<sub>f</sub> will be for complex formation. In this regard, the hexadentate ligand ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an optimal ligand for making octahedral complexes because it has six binding groups. In basic solutions where all four of the COOH groups are deprotonated, the '''chelate effect''' of the EDTA<sup>4-</sup> ligand is approximately 10<sup>15</sup>. This means, for a given metal ion, K<sub>f</sub> is 10<sup>15</sup> times larger for EDTA<sup>4-</sup> than it would be for the relevant monodentate ligands at the same concentration. EDTA<sup>4-</sup>tightly binds essentially any 2+, 3+, or 4+ ion in the periodic table, and is a very useful ligand for both analytical applications and separations.
The '''macrocyclic effect''' follows the same principle as the chelate effect, but the effect is further enhanced by the cyclic conformation of the ligand. Macrocyclic ligands are not only multi-dentate, but because they are covalently constrained to their cyclic form, they allow less conformational freedom. The ligand is said to be "'''pre-organized'''" for binding, and there is little entropy penalty for wrapping it around the metal ion. For example heme b is a tetradentate cyclic ligand which is strongly complexes transition metal ions, including (in biological systems) Fe<sup>+2</sup>.
<br />
Some other common chelating and cyclic ligands are shown below: [[File:Acac.png|right|300px]]
[[File:Jacqueline Barton AIC Gold Medal 2015.jpg|170px|left|thumb|[[w:Jacqueline_Barton|Prof. Jacqueline Barton]] (Caltech) has used metal polypyridyl complexes to study electron transfer reactions that are implicated in the biological sensing and repair of damage in DNA molecules.]]'''Acetylacetonate''' (acac<sup>-</sup>, right) is an anionic bidentate ligand that coordinates metal ions through two oxygen atoms. Acac<sup>-</sup> is a hard base so it prefers hard acid cations. With divalent metal ions, acac<sup>-</sup> forms neutral, volatile complexes such as Cu(acac)<sub>2</sub> and Mo(acac)<sub>2</sub> that are useful for [[w:Chemical_vapor_deposition|chemical vapor deposition]] (CVD) of metal thin films.
'''2,2'-Bipyridine''' and related bidentate ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline (below, center left) form propeller-shaped complexes with metals such as Ru<sup>2+</sup>. The [[w:Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)_chloride|[Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>]] complex (below left) is photoluminescent and can also undergo photoredox reactions, making it an interesting compound for both photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis. The chiral propellor shapes of metal polypyridyl complexes such as [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> coincidentally match the size and helicity of the major groove of DNA. This has led to a number of interesting studies of electron transfer reactions along the DNA backbone, initiated by photoexcitation of the metal complex.
<br><br>
'''Crown ethers''' such as 18-crown-6 (below, center right) are cyclic hard bases that can complex alkali metal cations. Crowns can selectively bind Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, or K<sup>+</sup> depending on the number of ethylene oxide units in the ring.
:The chelating properties of crown ethers are mimetic of the natural antibiotic '''valinomycin''' (below right), which selectively transports K<sup>+</sup> ions across bacterial cell membranes, killing the bacterium by dissipating its membrane potential. Like crown ethers, valinomycin is a cyclic hard base.
:::: [[File:Trisbipyridylruthenium structure.jpg|130px]] [[File:1,10-phenanthroline.svg|150px]] [[File:18-crown-6.png|120px]] [[File:Valinomycin.svg|180px]]
==  5.11 Ligand substitution reactions==
Transition metal complexes can exchange one ligand for another, and these reactions are important in their synthesis, stereochemistry, and catalytic chemistry. The mechanisms of chemical reactions are intimately connected to reaction kinetics. As in organic chemistry, the mechanisms of transition metal reactions are typically inferred from experiments that examine the concentration dependence of the incoming and outgoing ligands on the reaction rate, the detection of intermediates, and the stereochemistry of the reactants and products.
<br><br>
'''Thermodynamic vs. kinetics.''' When we think about the reactions of transition metal complexes, it is important to recall the distinction between their ''thermodynamics'' and ''kinetics''. Take for example the formation of the square planar tetracyanonickelate complex:
<br><br>
::Ni<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 4 CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (aq) K<sub>eq</sub> ≈ 10<sup>30</sup> M<sup>-4</sup>
<br>
Thermodynamically, [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> is very '''stable''', meaning that the equilibrium above lies very far to the right. Kinetically, however, the complex is '''labile''', meaning that it can exchange its ligands rapidly. For example the exchange between a <sup>13</sup>C labeled CN<sup>-</sup> ion and a bound CN<sup>-</sup> ligand occurs on the timescale of tens of milliseconds:
<br><br>
::[Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (aq) + *CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Ni(CN)<sub>3</sub>(*CN)]<sup>2-</sup> + CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) k<sub>exchange</sub> ≈ 10<sup>2</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>
<br>
Conversely, a compound can be thermodynamically '''unstable''' but kinetically '''inert''', meaning that it takes a relatively long time to react. For example, the [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> ion is unstable in acid, but its hydrolysis reaction with concentrated HCl takes about one week to go to completion at room temperature:
<br>[[File:Henry Taube - HD.3F.005 (11086397086).jpg|250 px|right|thumb|Henry Taube (Stanford University) received the 1983 Nobel Prize for his work on the electron transfer and ligand exchange reactions of transition metal complexes]]
:: [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) K<sub>eq</sub> ≈ 10<sup>30</sup>
<br>
Henry Taube, who studied the mechanisms of ligand exchange reactions in simple test tube experiments, classified transition metal complexes as '''labile''' if their reaction half-life was one minute or less, and '''inert''' if they took longer to react. The dynamic range of ligand substitution rates is enormous, spanning at least 15 orders of magnitude. On the timescale of most laboratory experiments, the Taube definition of lability is a useful one for classifying reactions into those that have low and high activation energies. As we will see, the '''crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE)''' plays a key role in determining the activation energy and therefore the rate of ligand substitution.
<br><br>
'''Crystal field stabilization energy and ligand exchange rates.''' Let's consider a very common and simple ligand exchange reaction, which is the substitution of one water molecule for another in an octahedral [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>n+</sup> complex. Since the products (except for the label) are the same as the reactants, we know that ΔG° = 0 and K<sub>eq</sub> = 1 for this reaction. The progress of the reaction can be monitored by NMR by using isotopically labeled water (typically containing <sup>17</sup>O or <sup>18</sup>O):
[[File:octahedral_complex_water_substitution.jpg|center|400px]]
The most striking thing about this (otherwise boring) reaction is the vast difference in rate constants - about 14 orders of magnitude - for different metal ions and oxidation states:
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! M<sup>n+</sup> !! log k (sec<sup>-1</sup>)
|-
|Cr<sup>3+</sup>||<center>-6</center>
|-
|V<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>-2</center>
|-
|Cr<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>8</center>
|-
|Cu<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>8</center>
|}</center>
[[file:cr3+CFSE.jpg|center|500px]]While at first it may seem strange that the same ion in two different oxidation states (Cr<sup>3+</sup> vs. Cr<sup>2+</sup>) would be inert or labile, respectively, we can begin to rationalize the difference by drawing d-orbital splitting diagrams for the complexes. What we find is that octahedral complexes that have '''high CFSE''' (Cr<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>2+</sup>) tend to be '''inert'''. Conversely, ions with electrons in high energy e<sub>g</sub> orbitals (Cr<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>) tend to be labile. In the case of Cr<sup>3+</sup> and V<sup>2+</sup>, the energy penalty for distorting the complex away from octahedral symmetry - to make, for example, a 5- or 7-coordinate intermediate - is particularly high. This activation energy for ligand substitution is lower for Cr<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>, which already have electrons in antibonding e<sub>g</sub> orbitals.
<br>
Based on the rules we developed for calculating the CFSE of transition metal complexes, we can now predict the trends in ligand substitution rates:
* Octahedral complexes with '''d<sup>3</sup>''' and '''d<sup>6</sup>(low spin)''' configurations, such as Cr<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>3</sup>), Co<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), Rh<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), Ru<sup>2+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), and Os<sup>2+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>) tend to be '''substitution-inert''' because of their high CFSE.
* '''Square planar d<sup>8</sup>''' complexes, especially those in the 4d and 5d series, are also s'''ubstitution-inert'''. Examples are complexes of Pd<sup>2+</sup>, Pt<sup>2+</sup>, and Au<sup>3+</sup>.
* Intermediate cases are complexes of Fe<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and of main group ions (Be<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>) that are hard Lewis acids. These complexes make strong metal-oxygen bonds and have water exchange rates in the range of 10<sup>1</sup>-10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
* '''Ions with zero CFSE''' exchange water molecules on a timescale of nanoseconds (k ≈ 10<sup>8</sup>-10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). These include ions with d<sup>0</sup>, d<sup>5</sup> (high spin), and d<sup>10</sup> electron counts, including alkali metal (Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>) and alkali earth (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>) cations, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. In these cases the CFSE is zero and the energetic cost of breaking octahedral symmetry is relatively low.
* For p-block elements, faster exchange occurs with larger ions (e.g., Ba<sup>2+</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Ga<sup>3+</sup> > Al<sup>3+</sup>), because Lewis acid strength decreases with increasing ion size.
* The Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion (d<sup>9</sup>), as a '''Jahn-Teller ion''', is already distorted away from octahedral symmetry and is therefore quite '''labile''', exchanging water ligands at a rate of about 10<sup>8</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
<br>
'''Ligand Substitution Mechanisms.''' For an ML<sub>n</sub> complex undergoing ligand substitution, there are essentially three different reaction mechanisms:
<br><br>
* In the '''dissociative mechanism''', a ML<sub>n</sub> complex first '''loses a ligand''' to form an ML<sub>n-1</sub> intermediate, and the incoming ligand Y reacts with the ML<sub>n-1</sub> fragment:
<br>
::L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M-L* ⇌ L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M- + L* ⇌ L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M-Y
<br>
This mechanism is illustrated below for ligand substitution on an octahedral ML<sub>6</sub> complex. The intermediate state in this example involves a trigonal bipyramidal ML<sub>5</sub> fragment as well as free L and Y ligands.
[[File:dissociative_substitution.gif|450px|right|thumb|Illustration of the dissociative ligand substitution mechanism for an ML<sub>6</sub> complex. The reaction energy profile is shown at the right.]]If the rate determining step is the dissociation of L from the complex, then the concentration of Y does not affect the rate of reaction, leading to the first-order rate law:
<br>
::Rate = k<sub>1</sub>[ML<sub>n</sub>]
In the case of an octahedral complex, this reaction would be first order in ML<sub>6</sub> and zero order in Y, but only if the highest energy transition state is the one that precedes the formation of the ML<sub>5</sub> intermediate. If the two transition states are close in energy (as in the case of the animation at the right), then the rate law becomes more complicated. In this case, we can simplify the problem by assuming a low steady-state concentration of the ML<sub>n</sub> intermediate. The resulting rate law is:
::<math chem>\ce{Rate} = \frac{k_1 k_2[\ce Y][\ce{ML_\mathit{n}}]}{{k_{-1}[\ce L]}+k_2[\ce Y]}</math>
which reduces to the simpler first-order rate law when k<sub>2</sub>[Y] >> k<sub>-1</sub>[L]. Because the formation of the transition state involves dissociation of a ligand, the entropy of activation is always positive in the dissociative mechanism.
<br><br>
* In the '''associative mechanism''', the incoming ligand Y attacks the ML<sub>n</sub> complex, transiently forming an ML<sub>n</sub>Y intermediate, and the intermediate then loses a ligand L forming the ML<sub>n-1</sub>Y product.
Complexes that undergo associative substitution are typically either coordinatively unsaturated or contain a ligand that can change its bonding to the metal, e.g. a change in the hapticity or bending of a nitric oxide ligand (NO). In homogeneous catalysis, the associative pathway is desirable because the binding event, and hence the selectivity of the reaction, depends not only on the nature of the metal catalyst but also on the molecule that is involved in the catalytic cycle.
[[File:Berry_pseudorotation.gif|200 px|right|thumb|Berry pseudorotation mechanism]]Examples of associative mechanisms are commonly found in the chemistry of d<sup>8</sup> square planar metal complexes, e.g. [[w:Vaska's_complex|Vaska's complex]] (IrCl(CO)[P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>) and tetrachloroplatinate(II). These compounds (ML<sub>4</sub>) bind the incoming (substituting) ligand Y to form pentacoordinate intermediates ML<sub>4</sub>Y, which in a subsequent step dissociate one of their ligands. Although the incoming ligand is initially bound at an equatorial site, the [[w:Berry_mechanism|Berry pseudorotation]] provides a low energy pathway for all ligands to sample both the equatorial and axial sites. Ligand dissociation must occur from an equatorial site according to the [[w:principle of microscopic reversibility|principle of microscopic reversibility]]. Dissociation of Y results in no reaction, but dissociation of L results in net substitution, yielding the d<sup>8</sup> complex ML<sub>3</sub>Y. The first step is typically rate determining. Thus, the entropy of activation is negative, which indicates an increase in order in the transition state. Associative reactions follow second order kinetics: the rate of the appearance of product depends on the concentration of both ML<sub>4</sub> and Y.
[[File:AssveRxn.png|520px|center]]
'''The Trans Effect''', which is connected with the associative mechanism, controls the stereochemistry of certain ligand substitution reactions.
<br><br>
The trans effect refers to the labilization (making more reactive) of ligands that are '''trans''' to certain other ligands, the latter being referred to as '''trans-directing ligands'''. The labilization of trans ligands is attributed to electronic effects and is most notable in square planar complexes, but it can also be observed with octahedral complexes.<ref name=coe>Coe, B. J.; Glenwright, S. J. Trans-effects in octahedral transition metal complexes. ''Coordination Chemistry Reviews'' '''2000''', ''203'', 5-80.</ref> The [[w:cis effect|cis effect]] is most often observed in octahedral complexes.
In addition to the ''kinetic trans effect'', trans ligands also have an influence on the ground state of the molecule, the most notable ones being bond lengths and stability. Some authors prefer the term '''trans influence''' to distinguish this from the kinetic effect,<ref name=crabtree>{{Cite book | author = [[w:Robert H. Crabtree|Robert H. Crabtree]] | title = The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals | year = 2005 | edition = 4th | isbn = 0-471-66256-9 | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | location = New Jersey}}</ref> while others use more specific terms such as '''structural trans effect''' or '''thermodynamic trans effect'''.<ref name=coe/>
The discovery of the trans effect is attributed to [[w:Ilya Ilich Chernyaev|Ilya Ilich Chernyaev]],<ref>Kauffmann, G. B. I'lya I'lich Chernyaev (1893-1966) and the Trans Effect. ''J. Chem. Educ.'' '''1977''', ''54'', 86-89.</ref> who recognized it and gave it a name in 1926.<ref>Chernyaev, I. I. The mononitrites of bivalent platinum. I. ''Ann. inst. platine'' (USSR) '''1926''', ''4'', 243-275.</ref>
<br><br>
The intensity of the trans effect (as measured by the increase in the rate of substitution of the trans ligand) follows this sequence:
:[[w:fluoride|F<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:water (molecule)|H<sub>2</sub>O]], [[w:hydroxide|OH<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]] < [[w:pyridine|py]] < [[w:chloride|Cl<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:bromide|Br<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:iodide|I<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:thiocyanate|SCN<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:nitrite|NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>]], [[w:thiourea|SC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]], [[w:phenyl|Ph<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:sulfite|SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] < [[w:phosphine|PR<sub>3</sub>]], [[w:arsine|AsR<sub>3</sub>]], [[w:thioether|SR<sub>2</sub>]], [[w:methyl|CH<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:hydride|H<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:nitric oxide|NO]], [[w:carbon monoxide|CO]], [[w:cyanide|CN<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:ethylene|C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]]
Note that weak field ligands tend to be poor trans-directing ligands, whereas strong field ligands are strongly trans-directing.
<br><br>
The classic example of the trans effect is the synthesis of [[w:cisplatin|cisplatin]] and its [[w:Trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)|trans isomer]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=''cis''- and ''trans''-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)|journal=Inorg. Synth.|volume=7|year=1963|author=George B. Kauffman, Dwaine O. Cowan|pages=239–245|doi=10.1002/9780470132388.ch63}}</ref> Starting from PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, the first NH<sub>3</sub> ligand is added to any of the four equivalent positions at random. However, since Cl<sup>−</sup> has a greater trans effect than NH<sub>3</sub>, the second NH<sub>3</sub> is added trans to a Cl<sup>−</sup> and therefore cis to the first NH<sub>3</sub>.
:[[File:Synthesis Cisplatin (trans effect).svg|frameless|upright=3.0|Synthesis of cisplatin using the trans effect]]
If, on the other hand, one starts from Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup>, the ''trans'' product is obtained instead:
:[[File:Synthesis Transplatin (trans effect).svg|frameless|upright=3.0|Synthesis of transplatin using the trans effect]]
The trans effect in square complexes can be explained in terms of the associative mechanism, described above, which goes through a trigonal bipyramidal intermediate. Ligands with a high kinetic trans effect are in general those with high π acidity (as in the case of phosphines) or low-ligand lone-pair–d<sub>π</sub> repulsions (as in the case of hydride), which prefer the more π-basic equatorial sites in the intermediate. The second equatorial position is occupied by the incoming ligand. The third and final equatorial site is occupied by the departing trans ligand, so the net result is that the kinetically favored product is the one in which the ligand trans to the one with the largest trans effect is eliminated.<ref name=crabtree />
<br>
<br>
* The '''interchange mechanism''' is similar to the associative and dissociative pathways, except that no distinct ML<sub>n</sub>Y or ML<sub>n-1</sub> intermediate is formed. This concerted mechanism can be thought of as analogous to nucleophilic substitution via the S<sub>N</sub>2 pathway at a tetrahedral carbon atom in organic chemistry. The interchange mechanism is further classified as associative (''I''<sub>a</sub>) or dissociative (''I''<sub>d</sub>) depending on the relative importance of M-Y and M-L bonding in the transition state. If the transition state is characterized by the formation of a strong M-Y bond, then the mechanism is ''I''<sub>a</sub>. Conversely, if weakening of the M-L bond is more important in reaching the transition state, then the mechanism is ''I''<sub>d</sub>.
An example of the ''I''<sub>a</sub> mechanism is the interchange of bulk and coordinated water in [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. In contrast, the slightly more compact ion [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ion exchanges water via the ''I''<sub>d</sub> mechanism.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Lothar |last=Helm |first2=André E. |last2=Merbach |title=Inorganic and Bioinorganic Solvent Exchange Mechanisms |journal=Chem. Rev. |year=2005 |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=1923–1959 |doi=10.1021/cr030726o |pmid=15941206}}</ref>
<br>
'''Effects of ion pairing.''' Highly charged cationic complexes tend to form ion pairs with anionic ligands, and these ion pairs often undergo reactions via the ''I''<sub>a</sub> pathway. The electrostatically held nucleophilic incoming ligand can exchange positions with a ligand in the first coordination sphere, resulting in net substitution. An illustrative process is the "anation" (reaction with an anion) of the chromium(III) hexaaquo complex:
::[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> + SCN<sup>−</sup> ⇌ {[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>], NCS}<sup>2+</sup>
::{[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>], NCS}<sup>2+</sup> ⇌ [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>NCS]<sup>2+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O
<br>
==  5.12 f-Block element salts and coordination compounds==
[[File:Rareearthoxides.jpg|thumb|Lanthanide oxides: clockwise from top center: [[w:praseodymium|praseodymium]], [[w:cerium|ceruyn]], [[w:lanthanum|lanthanum]], [[w:neodymium|neodymium]], [[w:samarium|samarium]] and [[w:gadolinium|gadolinium]]]]The 4f and 5f block elements are called the [[w:lanthanide|lanthanides]] and [[w:actinide|actinides]], respectively. The chemistry of the lanthanides is dominated by the +3 oxidation state, and in Ln<sup>III</sup> compounds the 6s electrons and (usually) one 4f electron are lost and the ions have the configuration [Xe]4f<sup>(''n''−1)</sup>.<ref>{{cite web|author=Winter, Mark |url=http://www.webelements.com/lanthanum/atoms.html|title=Lanthanum ionisation energies|publisher=WebElements Ltd, UK|access-date=2 September 2010}}</ref> All the lanthanide elements exhibit the oxidation state +3. In addition, Ce<sup>3+</sup> can lose its single f electron to form Ce<sup>4+</sup> with the stable electronic configuration of xenon. Also, Eu<sup>3+</sup> can gain an electron to form Eu<sup>2+</sup> with the f<sup>7</sup> configuration that has the extra stability of a half-filled shell. Other than Ce(IV) and Eu(II), none of the lanthanides are stable in oxidation states other than +3 in aqueous solution.
In terms of reduction potentials, the Ln<sup>0/3+</sup> couples are nearly the same for all lanthanides, ranging from −1.99 (for Eu) to −2.35 V (for Pr). Thus these metals are highly reducing, with reducing power similar to alkaline earth metals such as Mg (−2.36 V).
====Ln(III) compounds====
The trivalent lanthanides mostly form ionic salts. The trivalent ions are hard acceptors and form more stable complexes with oxygen-donor ligands than with nitrogen-donor ligands. The larger ions are 9-coordinate in aqueous solution, [Ln(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>9</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> but the smaller ions are 8-coordinate, [Ln(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. There is some evidence that the later lanthanides have more water molecules in the second coordination sphere.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burgess|first=J.|title=Metal ions in solution|publisher=Ellis Horwood|location= New York|year=1978|isbn=978-0-85312-027-8}}</ref> Complexation with monodentate ligands is generally weak because it is difficult to displace water molecules from the first coordination sphere. More stable complexes are formed with chelating ligands because of the [[w:chelate effect|chelate effect]], such as the tetra-anion derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid ([[w:DOTA (chelator)|DOTA]]).
:[[File:Lanthanide nitrates.png|thumb|750px|center|Samples of lanthanide nitrates in their hexahydrate form. From left to right: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.]]
{{-}}
====Ln(II) and Ln(IV) compounds====
The most common divalent derivatives of the lanthanides are for Eu(II), which achieves a favorable f<sup>7</sup> configuration. Divalent halide derivatives are known for all of the lanthanides. They are either conventional salts or are Ln(III) "electride"-like salts. The simple salts include YbI<sub>2</sub>, EuI<sub>2</sub>, and SmI<sub>2</sub>. The electride-like salts, described as Ln<sup>3+</sup>, 2I<sup>−</sup>, e<sup>−</sup>, include LaI<sub>2</sub>, CeI<sub>2</sub> and GdI<sub>2</sub>. Many of the iodides form soluble complexes with ethers, e.g. TmI<sub>2</sub>(dimethoxyethane)<sub>3</sub>.<ref name=Nief>{{cite journal|author=Nief, F. |title=Non-classical divalent lanthanide complexes|journal= Dalton Trans.|year= 2010|volume=39|issue=29|pages= 6589–6598|doi=10.1039/c001280g|pmid=20631944}}</ref> Samarium(II) iodide is a useful reducing agent. Ln(II) complexes can be synthesized by transmetalation reactions. The normal range of oxidation states can be expanded via the use of sterically bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands, in this way many lanthanides can be isolated as Ln(II) compounds.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=William J.|title=Tutorial on the Role of Cyclopentadienyl Ligands in the Discovery of Molecular Complexes of the Rare-Earth and Actinide Metals in New Oxidation States|journal=Organometallics|date=15 September 2016|volume=35|issue=18|pages=3088–3100|doi=10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00466|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Ce(IV) in ceric ammonium nitrate is a useful oxidizing agent. The Ce(IV) is the exception owing to the tendency to form an unfilled f shell. Otherwise tetravalent lanthanides are rare. However, recently Tb(IV)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Molecular Complex of Tb in the +4 Oxidation State< |author1=Palumbo, C.T. |author2=Zivkovic, I. |author3=Scopelliti, R. |author4=Mazzanti, M. |date=2019 |pages=9827–9831 |volume=141 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |doi=10.1021/jacs.9b05337 |pmid=31194529 |issue=25 |bibcode=2019JAChS.141.9827P |s2cid=189814301 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/268286/files/Palumbo%20ja-2019-05337d%20manuscriptR1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423040613/https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/268286/files/Palumbo%20ja-2019-05337d%20manuscriptR1.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rice|first1=Natalie T.|last2=Popov|first2=Ivan A.|last3=Russo|first3=Dominic R.|last4=Bacsa|first4=John|last5=Batista|first5=Enrique R.|last6=Yang|first6=Ping|last7=Telser|first7=Joshua|last8=La Pierre|first8=Henry S.|date=21 August 2019|title=Design, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Analysis of a Tetravalent Terbium Complex|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=141|issue=33|pages=13222–13233|doi=10.1021/jacs.9b06622|pmid=31352780|bibcode=2019JAChS.14113222R |osti=1558225|s2cid=207197096|issn=0002-7863|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9450461 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title= Stabilization of the Oxidation State + IV in Siloxide-Supported Terbium Compounds |author1=Willauer, A.R. |author2=Palumbo, C.T. |author3=Scopelliti, R. |author4=Zivkovic, I. |author5=Douair, I. |author6=Maron, L. |author7=Mazzanti, M. |date=2020 |pages=3549–3553|volume=59 |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |issue=9 |doi=10.1002/anie.201914733|pmid=31840371 |bibcode=2020ACIE...59.3549W |s2cid=209385870 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/275738 }}</ref> and Pr(IV)<ref>{{cite journal |title= Accessing the +IV Oxidation State in Molecular Complexes of Praseodymium. |author1=Willauer, A.R. |author2=Palumbo, C.T. |author3=Fadaei-Tirani, F. |author4=Zivkovic, I. |author5=Douair, I. |author6=Maron, L. |author7=Mazzanti, M. |date=2020 |pages=489–493|volume=142 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |issue=12 |doi=10.1021/jacs.0c01204|pmid=32134644 |bibcode=2020JAChS.142.5538W |s2cid=212564931 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/277306 }}</ref> complexes have been shown to exist.
===Lanthanide coordination chemistry and catalysis===
When in the form of coordination complexes, lanthanides exist overwhelmingly in their +3 oxidation state, although particularly stable 4f configurations can also give +4 (Ce, Pr, Tb) or +2 (Sm, Eu, Yb) ions. All of these forms are strongly electropositive and thus lanthanide ions are [[w:HSAB theory|hard Lewis acids]].<ref name="Ortu">{{ cite journal | title = Rare Earth Starting Materials and Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry | first1 = Fabrizio | last1 = Ortu | journal = [[w:Chemical Reviews|Chem. Rev.]] | year = 2022 | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = 6040–6116 | doi = 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00842 | pmid = 35099940 | pmc = 9007467 }}</ref> The oxidation states are also very stable; with the exceptions of [[w:SmI2|SmI<sub>2</sub>]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Molander|first1=Gary A.|last2=Harris|first2=Christina R.|title=Sequencing Reactions with Samarium(II) Iodide|journal=Chemical Reviews|date=1 January 1996|volume=96|issue=1|pages=307–338|doi=10.1021/cr950019y|pmid=11848755}}</ref> and [[w:Ceric ammonium nitrate|cerium(IV) salts]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nair|first1=Vijay|last2=Balagopal|first2=Lakshmi|last3=Rajan|first3=Roshini|last4= Mathew|first4=Jessy|title=Recent Advances in Synthetic Transformations Mediated by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|date=1 January 2004|volume=37|issue=1|pages=21–30|doi=10.1021/ar030002z|pmid=14730991}}</ref> lanthanides are not used for redox chemistry. 4f electrons have a high probability of being found close to the nucleus and are thus strongly affected as the nuclear charge increases across the series; this results in a corresponding decrease in ionic radii referred to as the [[w:lanthanide contraction|lanthanide contraction]].
The low probability of the 4f electrons existing at the outer region of the atom or ion permits little effective overlap between the orbitals of a lanthanide ion and any binding ligand. Thus lanthanide complexes typically have little or no covalent character and are not influenced by orbital geometries. The lack of orbital interaction also means that varying the metal typically has little effect on the complex (other than size), especially when compared to transition metals. Complexes are held together by weaker electrostatic forces which are omni-directional and thus the ligands alone dictate the symmetry and coordination of complexes. Steric factors therefore dominate, with coordinative saturation of the metal being balanced against inter-ligand repulsion. This results in a diverse range of coordination geometries, many of which are irregular,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dehnicke|first1=Kurt|last2=Greiner|first2=Andreas|title=Unusual Complex Chemistry of Rare-Earth Elements: Large Ionic Radii—Small Coordination Numbers|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|year=2003|volume=42|issue=12|pages=1340–1354|doi=10.1002/anie.200390346|pmid=12671966 |bibcode=2003ACIE...42.1340D }}</ref> and also manifests itself in the highly fluxional nature of the complexes. As there is no energetic reason to be locked into a single geometry, rapid intramolecular and intermolecular ligand exchange will take place. This typically results in complexes that rapidly fluctuate between all possible configurations.
Many of these features make lanthanide complexes effective catalysts. Hard Lewis acids are able to polarize bonds upon coordination and thus alter the electrophilicity of compounds, with a classic example being the [[w:Luche reduction|Luche reduction]]. The large size of the ions coupled with their labile ionic bonding allows even bulky coordinating species to bind and dissociate rapidly, resulting in very high turnover rates; thus excellent yields can often be achieved with loadings of only a few mol%.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aspinall|first=Helen C.|title=Chemistry of the f-block elements|year=2001|publisher=Gordon & Breach|location=Amsterdam [u.a.]|isbn=978-90-5699-333-7}}</ref> The lack of orbital interactions combined with the lanthanide contraction means that the lanthanides change in size across the series but that their chemistry remains much the same. This allows for easy tuning of the steric environments and examples exist where this has been used to improve the catalytic activity of the complex<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kobayashi|first1=Shū|last2=Hamada|first2=Tomoaki|last3=Nagayama|first3=Satoshi|last4=Manabe|first4=Kei |title=Lanthanide Trifluoromethanesulfonate-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Media|journal=Organic Letters|date=1 January 2001|volume=3|issue=2|pages=165–167|doi=10.1021/ol006830z|pmid=11430025|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/3737823|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aspinall|first1=Helen C.|last2=Dwyer|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Greeves|first3=Nicholas|last4=Steiner|first4=Alexander
|title=Li<sub>3</sub>[Ln(binol)<sub>3</sub>]·6THF: New Anhydrous Lithium Lanthanide Binaphtholates and Their Use in Enantioselective Alkyl Addition to Aldehydes|journal=Organometallics|date=1 April 1999|volume=18|issue=8|pages=1366–1368|doi=10.1021/om981011s}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Parac-Vogt|first1=Tatjana N.|last2=Pachini|first2=Sophia|last3=Nockemann|first3=Peter|last4=VanmHecke|first4=Kristof|last5=Van Meervelt|first5=Luc|last6=Binnemans|first6=Koen|title=Lanthanide(III) Nitrobenzenesulfonates as New Nitration Catalysts: The Role of the Metal and of the Counterion in the Catalytic Efficiency|journal=European Journal of Organic Chemistry|date=1 November 2004|volume=2004|issue=22|pages=4560–4566|doi=10.1002/ejoc.200400475|s2cid=96125063 |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/33568|type=Submitted manuscript|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and change the nuclearity of metal clusters.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lipstman|first1=Sophia|last2=Muniappan|first2=Sankar|last3=George|first3= Sumod|last4=Goldberg|first4=Israel|title=Framework coordination polymers of tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and lanthanide ions in crystalline solids|journal=Dalton Transactions|date=1 January 2007|volume=30 |issue=30|pages=3273–81|doi=10.1039/B703698A|pmid=17893773 |bibcode=2007DTr....30.3273L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bretonnière|first1=Yann|last2=Mazzanti|first2=Marinella|last3=Pécaut|first3=Jacques|last4=Dunand|first4=Frank A.|last5=Merbach|first5=André E.|title=Solid-State and Solution Properties of the Lanthanide Complexes of a New Heptadentate Tripodal Ligand: A Route to Gadolinium Complexes with an Improved Relaxation Efficiency|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|date=1 December 2001|volume=40|issue=26|pages=6737–6745|doi=10.1021/ic010591+|pmid=11735486 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/78253 }}</ref>
Despite this, the use of lanthanide coordination complexes as homogeneous catalysts is largely restricted to the laboratory and there are currently few examples them being used on an industrial scale.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Trinadhachari|first1=Ganala Naga|last2=Kamat|first2=Anand Gopalkrishna|last3=Prabahar|first3=Koilpillai Joseph|last4=Handa|first4=Vijay Kumar|last5=Srinu|first5=Kukunuri Naga Venkata Satya|last6=Babu|first6=Korupolu Raghu|last7=Sanasi|first7=Paul Douglas|title=Commercial Scale Process of Galanthamine Hydrobromide Involving Luche Reduction: Galanthamine Process Involving Regioselective 1,2-Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketone|journal=Organic Process Research & Development|date=15 March 2013|volume=17|issue=3|pages=406–412|doi=10.1021/op300337y}}</ref> Lanthanides exist in many forms other than coordination complexes and many of these are industrially useful. In particular lanthanide oxides are used as heterogeneous catalysts in various industrial processes.
==  5.13 Discussion questions==
*Discuss chelating ligands and what they do, using some new examples.
*Explain (using some new examples) how we know if an octahedral complex of a metal ion will be high spin or low spin, and what measurements we can do to confirm it.
==  5.14 Problems==
1. Predict the molecular geometry of the following complexes, and determine whether each will be diamagnetic or paramagnetic:
(a) [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
(b) [Ru(ox)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> (ox = oxalate, C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)
(c) [Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>
(d) [W(CO)<sub>6</sub>]
(e) [Ir(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
2. For each of the following transition metal complexes, give (i) the d-electron count), (ii) the approximate molecular geometry of the complex, and (iii) an energy level diagram showing the splitting and filling of the d-orbitals.
(a)[Os(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
(b)''cis-''PtCl<sub>2</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
(c) [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
3. Octahedral transition metal complexes can be either high or low spin. Is the same true of tetrahedral and square planar complexes? Explain why or why not.
4. For each of the transition metal complexes in the table below, give the d electron count, number of unpaired electrons, and electronic configurations. Give the number of electrons in the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> sets of 3d orbitals that are consistent with the observed magnetic moments.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Compound !! µ (BM)
!d electron count
!number of unpaired electrons
!electonic configuration
|-
| a. [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || 1.8
|
|
|
|-
| b. [Fe(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sup>3+</sup> || 6.1
|
|
|
|-
| c. [Fe(NCS)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> || 5.0
|
|
|
|-
| d. [Cr(acac)<sub>3</sub>] || 3.9
|
|
|
|}
5. For each of the following pairs, identify the complex with the higher crystal field stabilization energy (and show your work).
(a) [Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> vs. [Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup><br />
(b) [Ni(en)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> vs. [Cd(en)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, where en = H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub><br />
(c) [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> vs. [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>
6. In a solution made by combining FeCl<sub>3</sub> with excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at neutral pH, the concentration of Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) ions is on the order of 10<sup>-17</sup> M. However, in a solution of ethylenediamine and acetic acid at comparable concentration, the Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) concentration is about 10<sup>-7</sup>, i.e., 10<sup>10</sup> times higher. Explain.
7. The complex [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is blue, while the analogous complex with another monodentate neutral ligand L, [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is yellow. How many of the following statements are true? Explain briefly.
(a) L is a stronger field ligand than H<sub>2</sub>O.
(b) [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is a high-spin complex.
(c) [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> absorbs yellow light.
(d) Both complexes have one 3d electron associated with the metal.
8. OH<sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>3</sub> are both Brønsted bases, and both can form complexes with metal ions. Explain how OH<sup>-</sup> can be a much stronger Brønsted base than NH<sub>3</sub>, and at the same time much lower in the spectrochemical series.
9. A solution of [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is faint green and paramagnetic (µ = 2.90 BM), whereas a solution of [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> is yellow and diamagnetic.
(a) Draw the molecular geometry and the d-orbital energy level diagrams for each complex, showing the electronic occupancy of the d-orbitals.
(b) Explain the differences in magnetism and color.
10. W. Deng and K. W. Hipps (J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 10736-10740) reported an STM study of the electronic properties of Ni(II)tetraphenyl porphyrin (NiTPP), a red-purple, neutral diamagnetic complex that is made by reacting Ni(II) perchlorate with tetraphenylporphine. When NiTPP is reacted with sodium thiocyanate it forms another complex that is paramagnetic. Draw the structures of NiTPP and the product complex, and the crystal field energy level diagram that explains each. What value of the magnetic moment (in units of μB) would you expect for the paramagnetic complex?
<br />
<br />
[[file:aqua-exchange.png|right|450px]]
11. Transition metal complexes can undergo ligand exchange reactions, in which a free ligand or solvent molecule substitutes for one of the bound ligands. Because the reactant and product complexes often have different colors, the rate of ligand exchange can be easily measured in "test tube" reactions. The exchange of chemically identical ligands (e.g., a bound water molecule for a free water molecule) can also be measured by NMR spectroscopy and other methods. Interestingly, the rates water exchange vary over a range of ''14 orders of magnitude'' for different metal ions and oxidation states. In some cases it takes weeks for one water molecule to exchange for another. In other cases, the timescale of the exchange is nanoseconds.
(a) There is an overall trend (see figure at right) in which the exchange rate is slower for higher oxidation states of the metal. Explain this trend. What does the crystal field stabilization energy have to do with the kinetics of the reaction?
(b) Apart from your answer to (a), explain any trends you observe for the rate of water exchange among divalent metal ions.
(c) Cu<sup>2+</sup> has an especially fast water exchange rate. Why?
(d) What are the geometries and d-electron counts of the aquo complexes of the slowest divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent metal ions in the figure? Do they have particularly high or low CFSE's? Explain.
12. Ligand exchange rates for main group ions increase going down a group, e.g., Al<sup>3+</sup> < Ga<sup>3+</sup> < In<sup>3+</sup>. For transition metal ions, we see the opposite trend, e.g., Fe<sup>2+</sup> > Ru<sup>2+</sup> > Os<sup>2+</sup>. Explain why these trends are different.
13. Seppelt and coworkers reported the very unusual ion [AuXe<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> in the salt [AuXe<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (Sb<sub>2</sub>F<sub>11</sub><sup>-</sup>)<sub>2</sub> (Science 2000, 290, 117-118). This was the first report of a compound containing a bond between a metal and a noble gas atom. Draw a d-orbital energy diagram for this ion and predict whether it should be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Would you expect to be able to form a similar complex using Cu in place of Au, or Kr in place of Xe? Why or why not?
14. For the reaction ''cis''-Mo(CO)<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub> + CO → Mo(CO)<sub>5</sub>L + L, the reaction rate is found to vary by a factor of 500 for two different ligands L, but it is relatively insensitive to the pressure of CO gas. (a) What kind of mechanism does this reaction have? (b) What are the signs of the activation volume and the activation entropy?
15. In Rosenberg's initial discovery of the biological effects of ''cis-''Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, the compound was made accidentally by partial dissolution of a Pt anode in an electrolyte solution that contained glucose and magnesium chloride.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rosenberg | first1 = B. | last2 = Van Camp | first2 = L. | last3 = Krigas | first3 = T. | doi = 10.1038/205698a0 | title = Inhibition of Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Electrolysis Products from a Platinum Electrode | journal = Nature | volume = 205 | issue = 4972 | pages = 698–9 | year = 1965 | pmid = 14287410| pmc = }}</ref> The electrolysis reaction also produced small amounts of ammonium ions. Explain mechanistically why the ''cis-''isomer is formed selectively under these conditions.
==  5.15 References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{BookCat}}
ngnc3r7isik66vimy8jcud6vpqlcn8t
4637319
4637318
2026-05-23T20:13:12Z
Tem5psu
1013978
/* Lanthanide coordination chemistry and catalysis */
4637319
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== <big>'''Chapter 5: Coordination Chemistry and Crystal Field Theory'''</big>==
[[File:MOF-5.png|350px|right|thumb|Zn<sub>4</sub>O(BDC)<sub>3</sub>, also called MOF-5, is a metal-organic framework in which 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) anions bridge between cationic Zn<sub>4</sub>O clusters.<ref>
{{cite journal
|first=Nathaniel L.
|last=Rosi
|first2=Juergen
|last2=Eckert
|first3=Mohamed
|last3=Eddaoudi
|first4=David T.
|last4=Vodak
|first5=Jaheon
|last5=Kim
|first6=Michael
|last6=O'Keefe
|first7=Omar M.
|last7=Yaghi
|title=Hydrogen storage in microporous metal-organic frameworks
|journal=Science
|volume=300
|issue=5622
|pages=1127–1129
|year=2003
|url=
|pmid=12750515
|doi=10.1126/science.1083440
|bibcode=2003Sci...300.1127R }}
</ref> The rigid framework contains large voids, represented by orange spheres. MOFs can be made from many different transition metal ions and bridging ligands, and are being developed for practical applications in storing gases, especially H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. MOF-5 has a volumetric storage density of 66 g H<sub>2</sub>/L, close to that of liquid H<sub>2</sub>.]]
'''Coordination compounds''' (or '''complexes''') are molecules and extended solids that contain bonds between a '''transition metal''' ion and one or more '''ligands'''. In forming these '''coordinate covalent bonds''', the metal ions act as Lewis acids and the ligands act as Lewis bases. Typically, the ligand has a lone pair of electrons, and the bond is formed by overlap of the molecular orbital containing this electron pair with the d-orbitals of the metal ion. Ligands that are commonly found in coordination complexes are neutral molecules (H<sub>2</sub>O, NH<sub>3</sub>, organic bases such as pyridine, CO, NO, H<sub>2</sub>, ethylene, and phosphines PR<sub>3</sub>) and anions (halides, CN<sup>-</sup>, SCN<sup>-</sup>, cyclopentadienide (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>-</sup>), H<sup>-</sup>, etc.). The resulting complexes can be cationic (e.g., [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>), neutral ([Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]) or anionic ([Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>). As we will see below, ligands that have weak or negligible strength as Brønsted bases (for example, CO, CN<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and Cl<sup>-</sup>) can still be potent Lewis bases in forming transition metal complexes.
<br /><br />
With ligands that are Lewis bases, coordinate covalent bonds (also called dative bonds) are typically drawn as lines, or sometimes as arrows to indicate that the electron pair "belongs" to the ligand X: [[File:Classical dative bond.png|left|100px]]
<br /><br />
In counting electrons on the metal (described below), the convention is to assign both electrons in the dative bond to the ligand, although in reality the bonds are typically polar covalent and electrons are shared between the metal and the ligand.
When writing out the formulas of coordination compounds, we use square brackets [<sup>...</sup>] around the metal ions and ligands that are directly bonded to each other. Thus the compound [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]Cl<sub>2</sub> contains octahedral [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]<sup>2+</sup> ions, in which five ammonia molecules and one chloride ion are directly bonded to the metal, and two Cl<sup>-</sup> anions that are not coordinated to the metal.
<br /><br />
[[Image:Cis-dichlorotetraamminecobalt(III).png|left|150px|thumb|''cis''-[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>]][[File:Alfred Werner ETH-Bib Portr 09965.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Alfred Werner was a Swiss chemist who received the Nobel prize in 1913 for elucidating the bonding in coordination compounds.]][[Image:Trans-dichlorotetraamminecobalt(III).png|left|150px|thumb|''trans''-[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>]]
'''History.''' Coordination compounds have been known for centuries, but their structures were initially not understood. For example, Prussian Blue, which has an empirical formula Fe<sub>7</sub>(CN)<sub>18</sub>•xH<sub>2</sub>O, is an insoluble, deep blue solid that has been used as a pigment since its accidental discovery by Diesbach in 1704. Prussian Blue actually contains Fe<sup>3+</sup> cations and [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> anions, and a more descriptive formulation is (Fe<sup>3+</sup>)<sub>4</sub>([Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>)<sub>3</sub>•xH<sub>2</sub>O. Simpler compounds such as the ammonia complex of Co<sup>3+</sup> were known to chemists but did not fit the expected behavior of ionic solids. For example, cobalt(III)hexammine chloride, [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub> was formulated as CoCl<sub>3</sub>•6NH<sub>3</sub>. It had mysterious properties, in that it dissolved in water like an ionic solid, but it retained its six ammonia molecules when recrystallized. Even more intriguing was the observation that chemically different forms (isomers) of transition metal complexes such as [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]Cl could be made. The puzzle was solved by [[w:Alfred_Werner|Alfred Werner]], who proposed in 1893 that these Co complexes contained octahedrally coordinated metal ions that made primary (covalent) bonds to six ligands. Werner showed through conductivity measurements that solutions of CoCl<sub>3</sub>•6NH<sub>3</sub> contained three free Cl<sup>-</sup> anions and one [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> cation per formula unit. Magnetic susceptibility measurements later confirmed the presence of diamagnetic Co<sup>3+</sup> in both the salt and its solutions. Werner's theory also explained the existence of two (and only two) structural isomers for [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>.
Like organic compounds, transition metal complexes can vary widely in size, shape, charge and stability. We will see that bonds formed from the d-orbitals of the metal largely control these properties.
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<br />
'''Learning goals for Chapter 5:'''
*Determine oxidation states and assign d-electron counts for transition metals in complexes.
*Derive the d-orbital splitting patterns for octahedral, elongated octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar, and tetrahedral complexes.
*For octahedral and tetrahedral complexes, determine the number of unpaired electrons and calculate the crystal field stabilization energy.
*Know the spectrochemical series, rationalize why different classes of ligands impact the crystal field splitting energy as they do, and use it to predict high vs. low spin complexes, and the colors of transition metal complexes.
*Use the magnetic moment of transition metal complexes to determine their spin state.
*Understand the origin of the Jahn-Teller effect and its consequences for complex shape, color, and reactivity.
*Understand the extra stability of complexes formed by chelating and macrocyclic ligands.
==  5.1 Counting electrons in transition metal complexes==
The d-orbitals are the frontier orbitals (the HOMO and LUMO) of transition metal complexes. Many of the important properties of complexes - their shape, color, magnetism, and reactivity - depend on the electron occupancy of the metal's d-orbitals. To understand and rationalize these properties it is important to know how to count the d-electrons.
[[file:HexacyanidoferratIII_2.svg|left|200px|thumbnail|Structure of the octahedral ferricyanide anion. Because the overall charge of the complex is 3-, Fe is in the +3 oxidation state and its electron count is 3d<sup>5</sup>.]]Because transition metals are generally less electronegative than the atoms on the ligands (C, N, O, Cl, P...) that form the metal-ligand bond, our convention is to assign '''both electrons''' in the bond to the '''ligand'''. For example, in the ferricyanide complex [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, if the cyanide ligand keeps both of its electrons it is formulated as CN<sup>-</sup>. By difference, iron must be Fe<sup>3+</sup> because the charges (3<sup>+</sup> + 6(1<sup>-</sup>)) must add up to the overall -3 charge on the complex.
The next step is to determine how many d-electrons the Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion has. The rule is to count '''all''' of iron's valence electrons as '''d-electrons'''. Iron is in group 8, so
::group 8 - 3+ charge = d<sup>5</sup> (or 3d<sup>5</sup>)
:: 8 - 3 = 5
The same procedure can be applied to any transition metal complex. For example, consider the complex [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. Because ammonia is a neutral ligand, Cu is in the 2+ oxidation state. Copper (II), in group 11 of the periodic table has 11 electrons in its valence shell, minus two, leaving it with 9 d-electrons (3d<sup>9</sup>). In the neutral complex [Rh(OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>], Rh is in the +3 oxidation state and is in group 9, so the electron count is 4d<sup>6</sup>. Zinc(II) in group 12 would have 10 d-electrons in [Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, a full shell, and manganese (VII) has zero d-electrons in MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>. Nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>, contains the neutral CO ligand and Ni in the zero oxidation state. Since Ni is in group 10, we count the electrons on Ni as 3d<sup>10</sup>.
A frequent source of confusion about electron counting is the fate of the s-electrons on the metal. For example, our electron counting rules predict that Ti is 3d<sup>1</sup> in the octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. But the electronic configuration of a free Ti atom, according to the Aufbau principle, is 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>2</sup>. Why is the Ti<sup>3+</sup> ion 3d<sup>1</sup> and not 4s<sup>1</sup>? Similarly, why do we assign Mn<sup>2+</sup> as 3d<sup>5</sup> rather than 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>3</sup>? The short answer is that the metal s orbitals are higher in energy in a metal complex than they are in the free atom because they have antibonding character. We will justify this statement with a MO diagram in Section 5.2.
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[[w:Covalent_bond_classification_method|'''Covalent Bond Classification (CBC) Method''']]. Although the electron counting rule we have developed above is useful and works reliably for all kinds of complexes, the assignment of all the shared electrons in the complex to the ligands does not always represent the true bonding picture. This picture would be most accurate in the case of ligands that are much more electronegative than the metal. But in fact, there all all kinds of ligands, including those such as H, alkyl, cyclopentadienide, and others where the metal and ligand have comparable electronegativity. In those cases, especially with late transition metals that are relatively electronegative, we should regard the metal-ligand bond as covalent. The CBC method, also referred to as LXZ notation, was introduced in 1995 by [[w:Malcolm Green (chemist)|M. L. H. Green]]<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022328X9500508N | doi=10.1016/0022-328X(95)00508-N | volume=500 | title=A new approach to the formal classification of covalent compounds of the elements | year=1995 | journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry | pages=127–148 | last1 = Green | first1 = M.L.H.}}</ref> in order to better describe the different kinds of metal-ligand bonds. The molecular orbital pictures below summarize the difference between L, X, and Z ligands.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/parkin/cbc.htm The CBC Method,] Parkin group, Columbia University.</ref> Of these, L and X are the most common types.
[[file:CBC_scheme.png|center]]
'''L-type ligands''' are Lewis bases that donate two electrons to the metal center regardless of the electron counting method being used. These electrons can come from lone pairs, pi or sigma donors. The bonds formed between these ligands and the metal are dative covalent bonds, which are also known as coordinate bonds. Examples of this type of ligand include CO, PR<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, carbenes (=CRR'), and alkenes.
[[File:Cyclopentadiene.png|thumb|Cp|75px]][[File:Ferroceen.png|right|thumb|Ferrocene|75px]]'''X-type ligands''' are those that donate one electron to the metal and accept one electron from the metal when using the neutral ligand method of electron counting, or donate two electrons to the metal when using the donor pair method of electron counting.<ref>Crabtree, Robert. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals:4th edition. Wiley-Interscience, 2005
</ref> Regardless of whether it is considered neutral or anionic, these ligands yield normal covalent bonds. A few examples of this type of ligand are H, CH<sub>3</sub>, halogens, and NO (bent).
'''Z-type ligands''' are those that accept two electrons from the metal center as opposed to the donation occurring with the other two types of ligands. However, these ligands also form dative covalent bonds like the L-type. This type of ligand is not usually used, because in certain situations it can be written in terms of L and X. For example, if a Z ligand is accompanied by an L type, it can be written as X<sub>2</sub>. Examples of these ligands are Lewis acids, such as BR<sub>3</sub>.
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Some multidentate ligands can act as a combination of ligand types. A famous example is the cyclopentadienyl (or Cp) ligand, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>. We would classify this neutral ligand as [L<sub>2</sub>X], with the two L functionalities corresponding to the two “olefinic” fragments while the X functionality corresponds to the CH “radical” carbon in the ring. The addition of one electron makes the Cp<sup>-</sup> anion, which has six pi electrons and is thus planar and aromatic. In the ferrocene complex, Cp<sub>2</sub>Fe, using the "standard" donor pair counting method we can regard the two Cp<sup>-</sup> ligands as each possessing six pi electrons, and by difference Fe is in the +2 oxidation state. The Fe<sup>2+</sup> ion is d<sup>6</sup>. Thus the iron atom in the complex (regardless of the counting method) has 6+6+6=18 electrons in its coordination environment, which is a particularly stable electron count for transition metal complexes.
==  5.2 Crystal field theory==
[[w:crystal_field_theory|Crystal field theory]] is one of the simplest models for explaining the structures and properties of transition metal complexes. The theory is based on the electrostatics of the metal-ligand interaction, and so its results are only approximate in cases where the metal-ligand bond is substantially covalent. But because the model makes effective use of molecular symmetry, it can be surprisingly accurate in describing the magnetism, colors, structure, and relative stability of metal complexes.
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Consider a positvely charged metal ion such as Fe<sup>3+</sup> in the "field" of six negatively charged ligands, such as CN<sup>-</sup>. There are two energetic terms we need to consider. The first is the '''electrostatic attraction''' between the metal and ligands, which is inversely proportional to the distance between them:
::<math>
E_{elec} = {1\over4\pi\varepsilon_0}\sum_{ligands}{q_Mq_L\over r_{ML}}
</math>
The second term is the '''repulsion''' that arises from the Pauli exclusion principle when a third electron is added to a filled orbital. There is no place for this third electron to go except to a higher energy antibonding orbital. This is the situation when a ligand lone pair approaches an occupied metal d-orbital:
::[[file:ligand-repulsion.png|130px|left]]<br />
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[[file:crystal-field.png|left|thumb|500px|A Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion has five d-electrons, one in each of the five d-orbitals. In a spherical ligand field, the energy of electrons in these orbitals rises because of the repulsive interaction with the ligand lone pairs. The orbitals split into two energy levels when the ligands occupy the vertices of an octahedron, but the average energy remains the same.]]
Now let us consider the effect of these attractive and repulsive terms as the metal ion and ligands are brought together. We do this in two steps, first forming a ligand "sphere" around the metal and then moving the six ligands to the vertices of an octahedron. Initially all five d-orbitals are degenerate, i.e., they have the same energy by symmetry. In the first step, the antibonding interaction drives up the energy of the orbitals, but they remain degenerate. In the second step, the d-orbitals split into two symmetry classes, a lower energy, triply-degenerate set (the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals) and a higher energy, doubly degenerate set (the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals).<br />
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The '''energy difference''' between the e<sub>g</sub> and t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals is given the symbol '''Δ<sub>O</sub>''', where the "O" stands for "octahedral." We will see that this splitting energy is sensitive to the degree of orbital overlap and thus depends on both the metal and the ligand. Relative to the midpoint energy (the '''barycenter'''), the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals are stabilized by 2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> and the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals are destabilized by 3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> in an octahedral complex.
[[File:d-orbital-splitting.png|thumb|left|d-orbitals and their orientation with relation to ligands in an octahedral complex.]]
{{clr}}
What causes the d-orbitals to split into two sets? Recall that the d-orbitals have a specific orientation with respect to the Cartesian axes. The lobes of the d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>xz</sub>, and d<sub>yz</sub> orbitals (the '''t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals''') lie in the xy-, xz-, and yz-planes, respectively. These three d-orbitals have '''nodes''' along the x-, y-, and z-directions. The orbitals that contain the ligand lone pairs are oriented along these axes and therefore have '''zero overlap with the metal t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals'''. It is easy to see that these three d-orbitals must be degenerate by symmetry. On the other hand, the lobes of the d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> and d<sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub> orbitals (the '''e<sub>g</sub> orbitals''') point directly along the bonding axes and have strong overlap with the ligand orbitals. While it is less intuitively obvious, these orbitals are also degenerate by symmetry and have antibonding character.
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It is informative to compare the results of '''crystal field theory''' and '''molecular orbital theory''' (also called [[w:ligand_field_theory|'''ligand field theory''']] in this context) for an octahedral transition metal complex. The energy level diagrams below make this comparison for the d<sup>1</sup> octahedral ion [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. In the MO picture at the right, the frontier orbitals are derived from the metal d-orbitals. The lower t<sub>2g</sub> set, which contains one electron, is non-bonding by symmetry, and the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals are antibonding. The metal 4s orbital, which has a<sub>1g</sub> symmetry, makes a low energy bonding combination that is ligand-centered, and an antibonding combination that is metal-centered and above the e<sub>g</sub> levels. This is the reason that our d-electron counting rules do not need to consider the metal 4s orbital. The important take-home message is that crystal field theory and MO theory give '''very similar results''' for the frontier orbitals of transition metal complexes.
[[Image:LFTi(III).png|thumb|400px|Ligand-field diagram for the octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>]. Note that this diagram considers only sigma bonding between the metal ion and the water ligands. For cases in which π-bonding can occur (see Section 5.4), the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals are no longer strictly non-bonding.]]<br />
[[File:d1-octahedral-crystal-field.png|300px|left|thumb|Crystal field energy diagram for the d<sup>1</sup> octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>.]]
{{clr}}
==  5.3 Spectrochemical series==
[[File:Cobalt(II)-nitrate-photo.jpg|290px|right]]
'''Strong and weak field ligands.''' The [[w:spectrochemical_series|spectrochemical series]] ranks ligands according the '''energy difference Δ<sub>O</sub>''' between the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals in their octahedral complexes. This energy difference is measured in the spectral transition between these levels, which often lies in the visible part of the spectrum and is responsible for the colors of complexes with partially filled d-orbitals. Ligands that produce a large splitting are called '''strong field''' ligands, and those that produce a small splitting are called '''weak field''' ligands.
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An abbreviated [[w:spectrochemical_series|spectrochemical series]] is:
<br /><br />
'''Weak field''' I<sup>-</sup> < Br<sup>-</sup> < Cl<sup>-</sup> < NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> < F<sup>-</sup> < OH<sup>-</sup> < H<sub>2</sub>O < Pyridine < NH<sub>3</sub> < NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> < CN<sup>-</sup> < CO '''Strong field'''
[[file:weak-strong-field.png|300px|left|thumb|Water is a weak field ligand. The electronegative O atom is strongly electron-withdrawing, so there is poor orbital overlap between the electron pair on O and a metal d-orbital. The more electropositive C atom in the strong field ligand CN<sup>-</sup> allows better orbital overlap and sharing of the electron pair. Note that CN<sup>-</sup> typically coordinates metal ions through the C atom rather than the N atom.]][[File:Hexaaquacobalt(II)-nitrate-xtal-1973-unit-cell-CM-3D-balls.png|280px|thumb|Cobalt (II) complexes have different colors depending on the nature of the ligand. In crystals of the red compound cobalt(II) nitrate dihydrate, each cobalt ion is coordinated by six water molecules. The [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> cations and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> anions crystallize to make a salt. When the complex is dissolved in water, Co(II) retains its coordination shell of six water molecules and the solution has the same red color as the crystal.]]
'''Orbital overlap.''' Referring to the molecular orbital diagram above, we see that the splitting between d-electron levels reflects the antibonding interaction between the e<sub>g</sub> metal orbitals and the ligands. Thus, we expect ligand field strength to correlate with metal-ligand orbital overlap. Ligands that bind through very electronegative atoms such as '''O and halogens''' are thus expected to be '''weak field''', and ligands that bind through '''C or P''' are typically '''strong field'''. Ligands that bind through '''N''' are '''intermediate''' in strength. Another way to put this is that hard bases tend to be weak field ligands and soft bases are strong field ligands.
::'''Energy units.''' Energy can be calculated in a number of ways and it is useful to try to relate the splitting energy Δ<sub>O</sub> to more familiar quantities like bond energies.
::When Δ<sub>O</sub> is measured optically, a photon of wavelength λ is absorbed as an electron is promoted from a t<sub>2g</sub> to an e<sub>g</sub> orbital. The photon energy is related to its wavelength and frequency by:
:::E = hν = hc/λ = hc<math>\scriptstyle\tilde{\nu}</math>
::Here ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation, h is Planck's constant (6.626x10<sup>-34</sup> J*s), and c is the speed of light. <math>\scriptstyle\tilde{\nu}</math> is called the "wavenumber" and is the inverse of the wavelength, usually measured in cm<sup>-1</sup>. Energy gaps are often expressed by spectroscopists in terms of wavenumbers.
::For example, a red photon has a wavelength of about 620 nm and a wavenumber of about 16,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In other energy units, the same red photon has an energy of 2.0 eV (1 eV = 1240 nm) or 193 kJ/mol (1 eV = 96.5 kJ/mol). If we compare this to the dissociation energy of a carbon-carbon single bond (350 kJ/mol), we see that the C-C bond has about twice the energy of a red photon. We would need an ultraviolet photon (E > 350 kJ/mol = 3.6 eV = 345 nm = 29,000cm<sup>-1</sup>) to break a C-C bond.
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We will see that Δ<sub>O</sub> varies widely for transition metal complexes, from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. Thus the energy difference between the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals can range between the energy of a rather weak to a rather strong covalent bond.
'''Δ<sub>O</sub> depends on both the metal and the ligand.''' We can learn something about trends in Δ<sub>O</sub> by comparing a series of d<sup>6</sup> metal complexes:
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Complex !! Δ<sub>O</sub> (cm<sup>-1</sup>)
|-
| [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> || <center>9,300</center>
|-
| [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> || <center>18,200</center>
|-
| [Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || <center>33,500</center>
|-
| [Rh(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> || <center>27,000</center>
|-
| [Rh(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || <center>45,500</center>
|}
'''Important trends in Δ<sub>O</sub>''':
: '''Co<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes have larger Δ<sub>O</sub> than '''Co<sup>2+</sup>''' complexes with the same ligand. This reflects the '''electrostatic''' nature of the crystal field splitting.
:'''Rh<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes have larger Δ<sub>O</sub> than '''Co<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes. In general, elements in the 2nd and 3rd transition series (the '''4d and 5d elements)''' have '''larger splitting''' than those in the 3d series.
:For a given metal in one oxidation state (e.g., Co<sup>3+</sup>), the trend in Δ<sub>O</sub> follows the '''spectrochemical series'''. Thus Δ<sub>O</sub> is larger for [Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, which contains the strong field CN<sup>-</sup> ligand, than it is for [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> with the weak field ligand H<sub>2</sub>O.<br /><br />
[[File:1g Osmiumtetroxid.jpg|200px|thumb|Both Os and Ru form volatile, molecular tetroxides MO<sub>4</sub>. OsO<sub>4</sub> is used in epoxidation reactions and as a stain in electron microscopy. In contrast, the highest binary oxide of iron is Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.]]
'''The 4d and 5d elements are similar in their size and their chemistry.''' In comparing Δ<sub>O</sub> values for complexes in the 3d, 4d, and 5d series (e.g., comparing elements in the triads Co,Rh,Ir or Fe,Ru,Os), we always find 3d << 4d ≲ 5d. This trend reflects the spatial extent of the d-orbitals and thus their overlap with ligand orbitals. The 3d orbitals are smaller, and they are less effective in bonding than the 4d or 5d. The 4d and 5d orbitals are similar to each other because of the [[w:lanthanide_contraction|lanthanide contraction]]. At the beginning of the 5d series (between <sup>56</sup>Ba and <sup>72</sup>Hf) are the fourteen lanthanide elements (<sup>57</sup>La - <sup>71</sup>Lu).
Although the valence orbitals of the 5d elements are in a higher principal quantum shell than those of the 4d elements, the addition of 14 protons to the nucleus in crossing the lanthanide series contracts the sizes of the atomic orbitals. The important result is that the '''valence orbitals of the 4d and 5d elements have similar sizes''' and thus the elements resemble each other in their chemistry much more than they resemble their cousins in the 3d series. For example, the chemistry of Ru is very similar to that of Os, as illustrated at the right, but quite different from that of Fe.
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'''Colors of transition metal complexes.''' A simple, qualitative way to see the relative crystal field splitting energy, Δ<sub>O</sub>, is to observe the color of a transition metal complex. The higher the energy of the absorbed photon, the larger the energy gap. However, the color a complex absorbs is '''complementary''' to the color it appears (i.e., the color of light it reflects), which is '''opposite''' the absorbed color on the color wheel. [[File:color_wheel_wavelengths.png|thumb|left|270px|alt=A color wheel.|Complementary colors are across the color wheel from each other.]]
'''Examples:''' (all d<sup>7</sup> Co<sup>2+</sup> complexes) <br />
[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> looks purple in its salts and in concentrated solution because it absorbs in the green range.
[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is straw-colored because it absorbs in the blue range.
[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, looks red, absorbs in the violet and ultra-violet part of the spectrum. This is consistent with the idea that CN<sup>-</sup> is a stronger field ligand than NH<sub>3</sub>, because the energy of a UV photon is higher than that of a red-orange photon.
This method is applicable to most transition metal complexes, as the majority of them absorb somewhere in the visible range (400-700 nm = 25,000 to 14,300 cm<sup>-1</sup>), or have UV transitions that tail into the visible, making them appear yellow; however there are complexes such as [Rh(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> that appear colorless because their d-d transitions are in the ultraviolet. Other complexes such as [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup> are weakly colored because their d-d transitions involve a change in the spin state of the complex.
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==  5.4 π-bonding between metals and ligands==
[[file:d-pi-bonding.png|right|220px]]An important factor that contributes to the high ligand field strength of ligands such as CO, CN<sup>-</sup>, and phosphines is '''π-bonding''' between the metal and the ligand. There are three types of pi-bonding in metal complexes:
[[file:CO-backbonding.png|left|250px]]
The most common situation is when a ligand such as carbon monoxide or cyanide donates its sigma (nonbonding) electrons to the metal, while accepting electron density from the metal through overlap of a metal t<sub>2g</sub> orbital and a ligand π* orbital. This situation is called "'''[[w:pi_backbonding|back-bonding]]'''" because the ligand donates σ-electron density to the metal and the metal donates π-electron density to the ligand. The ligand is thus acting as a '''σ-donor and a π-acceptor.''' In π-backbonding, the metal donates π electrons to the ligand π* orbital, adding electron density to an ''antibonding'' molecular orbital. This results in weakening of the C-O bond, which is experimentally observed as lengthening of the bond (relative to free CO in the gas phase) and lowering of the C-O infrared stretching frequency.
'''d-d π bonding''' occurs when an element such phosphorus, which has a σ-symmetry lone pair and an empty 3d orbital, binds to a metal that has electrons in a t<sub>2g</sub> orbital. This is a common situation for phosphine complexes (e.g., triphenylphosphine) bound to low-valent, late transition metals. The backbonding in this case is analogous to the CO example, except that the acceptor orbital is a phosphorus 3d orbital rather than a ligand π* orbital. Here the phosphine ligand acts as a σ-donor and a π-acceptor, forming a dπ-dπ bond.
The third kind of metal-ligand π-bonding occurs when a '''π-donor ligand''' - an element with both a σ-symmetry electron pair and a filled orthogonal p-orbital - bonds to a metal, as shown above at the right for an O<sup>2-</sup> ligand. This occurs in early transition metal complexes. In this example, '''O<sup>2-</sup>''' is acting as both a '''σ-donor and a π-donor'''. This interaction is typically drawn as a metal-ligand multiple bond, e.g., the V=O bond in the [[w:vanadyl_ion|vanadyl]] cation [VO]<sup>2+</sup>. Typical π-donor ligands are oxide (O<sup>2-</sup>), nitride (N<sup>3-</sup>), imide (RN<sup>2-</sup>), alkoxide (RO<sup>-</sup>), amide (R<sub>2</sub>N<sup>-</sup>), and fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>). For late transition metals, strong π-donors form anti-bonding interactions with the filled d-levels, with consequences for spin state, redox potentials, and ligand exchange rates. π-donor ligands are low in the spectrochemical series.<ref>"Metal–Ligand Multiple Bonds: The Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Containing Oxo, Nitrido, Imido, Alkylidene, or Alkylidyne Ligands" W. A. Nugent and J. M. Mayer; Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1988.</ref>
[[Image:MetathesisROMPSchrock1993.svg|450px|left|thumb|A chiral Schrock catalyst polymerizes a norbornadiene derivative to a highly stereoregular isotactic polymer.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McConville | first1 = David H. | last2 = Wolf | first2 = Jennifer R. | last3 = Schrock | first3 = Richard R. | title = Synthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and all-cis highly tactic poly(2,3-(R)2norbornadiene) (R = CF<sub>3</sub> or CO<sub>2</sub>Me) | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 115 | issue=10 | pages = 4413–4414 | year = 1993 | doi = 10.1021/ja00063a090}}</ref>]][[Image:MetathesisGrubbs1992.svg|350px|thumb|Synthesis of a Grubbs olefin metathesis catalyst.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nguyen | first1 = Sonbinh T. | last2 = Johnson | first2 = Lynda K. | last3 = Grubbs | first3 = Robert H. | last4 = Ziller | first4 = Joseph W. | title = Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114 | issue=10 | pages = 3974–3975 | year = 1992 | doi = 10.1021/ja00036a053}}</ref>]]Carbon-containing ligands that are π-donors and their complexes with transition metal ions are very important in [[w:olefin_metathesis|'''olefin metathesis''']], a reaction in which carbon-carbon double bonds are interchanged. Using these catalysts, cyclic olefins can be transformed into linear polymers in high yield through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Catalysts of this kind were developed by the groups of Richard Schrock and Robert Grubbs, who shared the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Yves Chauvin for their discoveries. The Schrock catalysts are based on early transition metals such as Mo; they are more reactive but less tolerant of different organic functional groups and protic solvents than the Grubbs catalysts, which are based on Ru complexes.
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==  5.5 Crystal field stabilization energy, pairing, and Hund's rule==
The splitting of the d-orbitals into different energy levels in transition metal complexes has important consequences for their stability, reactivity, and magnetic properties. Let us first consider the simple case of the octahedral complexes [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>, where M = Ti, V, Cr. Because the complexes are octahedral, they all have the same energy level diagram:
[[file:M3+cfse.png|left|500px]] [[file:Cr2+cfse.png|270px]]
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The Ti<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>, and Cr<sup>3+</sup> complexes have one, two and three d-electrons respectively, which fill the degenerate t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals singly. The spins align parallel according to Hund's rule, which states that the lowest energy state has the highest spin angular momentum.
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For each of these complexes we can calculate a '''crystal field stabilization energy, CFSE''', which is the energy difference between the complex in its ground state and in a hypothetical state in which all five d-orbitals are at the energy barycenter.
:For Ti<sup>3+</sup>, there is one electron stabilized by 2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>, so CFSE = -(1)(2/5)(Δ<sub>O</sub>) = -2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>.
:Similarly, CFSE = -4/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> and -6/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> for V<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup>, respectively.
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For Cr<sup>2+</sup> complexes, which have four d-electrons, the situation is more complicated. Now we can have a high spin configuration (t<sup>2g</sup>)<sup>3</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>1</sup>, or a low spin configuration (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>4</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>0</sup> in which two of the electrons are paired. What are the energies of these two states?
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:High spin: CFSE = (-3)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (1)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> = -3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>
:Low spin: CFSE = (-4)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + P = -8/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + P, where P is the '''pairing energy'''
:Energy difference = -8/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + P - (-3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>) = '''-Δ<sub>O</sub> + P'''
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The '''pairing energy P''' is the energy penalty for putting two electrons in the same orbital, resulting from the electrostatic repulsion between electrons. For 3d elements, a typical value of P is about 15,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>.
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<br />
<big>The important result here is that a complex will be '''low spin''' if '''Δ<sub>O</sub> > P''', and '''high spin''' if '''Δ<sub>O</sub> < P'''.</big>
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<br />
Because Δ<sub>O</sub> depends on both the metals and the ligands, it determines the spin state of the complex.[[file:high-low-spin-Co2+.png|170px|right|thumb|d-orbital energy diagrams for high and low spin Co<sup>2+</sup> complexes, d<sup>7</sup>]]
Rules of thumb:
:'''3d''' complexes are '''high spin''' with '''weak field''' ligands and '''low spin''' with '''strong field''' ligands.
:'''High valent 3d''' complexes (e.g., Co<sup>3+</sup> complexes) tend to be '''low spin''' (large Δ<sub>O</sub>)
:'''4d and 5d''' complexes are '''always low spin''' (large Δ<sub>O</sub>)
Note that high and low spin states occur only for 3d metal complexes with between 4 and 7 d-electrons. Complexes with 1 to 3 d-electrons can accommodate all electrons in individual orbitals in the t<sub>2g</sub> set. Complexes with 8, 9, or 10 d-electrons will always have completely filled t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals and 2-4 electrons in the e<sub>g</sub> set.
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'''Examples of high and low spin complexes:'''
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>] contains a d<sup>7</sup> metal ion with a weak field ligand. This complex is known to be high spin from magnetic susceptibility measurements, which detect three unpaired electrons per molecule. Its orbital occupancy is (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>5</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>2</sup>.
:We can calculate the CFSE as -(5)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (2)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> = -4/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>.
:[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>4-</sup>] is also an octahedral d<sup>7</sup> complex but it contains CN<sup>-</sup>, a strong field ligand. Its orbital occupancy is (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>6</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>1</sup> and it therefore has one unpaired electron.
:In this case the CFSE is -(6)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (1)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + 3P = -9/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + 3P(For 3 paired electrons).
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'''Magnetism of transition metal complexes'''<br />
Compounds with '''unpaired electrons''' have an inherent magnetic moment that arises from the '''electron spin'''. Such compounds interact strongly with applied magnetic fields. Their [[w:Magnetic_susceptibility|'''magnetic susceptibility''']] provides a simple way to measure the number of unpaired electrons in a transition metal complex.
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If a transition metal complex has no unpaired electrons, it is [[w:diamagnetism|'''diamagnetic''']] and is weakly repelled from the high field region of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Complexes with unpaired electrons are typically [[w:paramagnetism|'''paramagnetic''']]. The spins in paramagnets align independently in an applied magnetic field but do not align spontaneously in the absence of a field. Such compounds are attracted to a magnet, i.e., they are drawn into the high field region of an inhomogeneous field. The attractive force, which can be measured with a [[w:Gouy_balance|'''Guoy balance''']] or a [[w:magnetometer|'''SQUID magnetometer''']], is proportional to the [[w:Magnetic_susceptibility|'''magnetic susceptibility''']] ('''χ''') of the complex.<br />
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The effective '''magnetic moment''' of an ion ('''µ<sub>eff</sub>'''), in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, is given by the sum of its spin and orbital moments:
:'''µ<sub>eff</sub> = µ<sub>spin</sub> + µ<sub>orbital</sub> = µ<sub>s</sub> + µ<sub>L</sub>'''
In octahedral 3d metal complexes, the orbital angular momentum is largely "quenched" by symmetry, so we can approximate:
: '''µ<sub>eff</sub> ≈ µ<sub>s</sub>'''
We can calculate µ<sub>s</sub> from the number of unpaired electrons (n) using:
:<math>\mu_{eff}= \sqrt{n(n+2)} \mu_B</math>
Here µ<sub>B</sub> is the [[w:bohr_magneton|'''Bohr magneton''']] (= eh/4πm<sub>e</sub>) = 9.3 x 10<sup>-24</sup> J/T. This spin-only formula is a good approximation for first-row transition metal complexes, especially high spin complexes. The table below compares calculated and experimentally measured values of µ<sub>eff</sub> for octahedral complexes with 1-5 unpaired electrons.
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Ion!!Number of <br/>unpaired<br/>electrons!!Spin-only<br/> moment /μ<sub>B</sub>!!observed<br/>moment /μ<sub>B</sub>
|-
|Ti<sup>3+</sup> ||1||1.73||1.73
|-
|V<sup>4+</sup>||1 || ||1.68–1.78
|-
|Cu<sup>2+</sup> ||1 || ||1.70–2.20
|-
|V<sup>3+</sup>||2||2.83||2.75–2.85
|-
|Ni<sup>2+</sup>||2|| ||2.8–3.5
|-
|V<sup>2+</sup> ||3||3.87||3.80–3.90
|-
|Cr<sup>3+</sup> ||3|| ||3.70–3.90
|-
|Co<sup>2+</sup> ||3|| ||4.3–5.0
|-
|Mn<sup>4+</sup> ||3|| ||3.80–4.0
|-
|Cr<sup>2+</sup> ||4||4.90 ||4.75–4.90
|-
|Fe<sup>2+</sup> ||4 || ||5.1–5.7
|-
|Mn<sup>2+</sup> ||5||5.92 ||5.65–6.10
|-
|Fe<sup>3+</sup> ||5|| ||5.7–6.0
|}
The small deviations from the spin-only formula for these octahedral complexes can result from the neglect of orbital angular momentum or of spin-orbit coupling. Tetrahedral d<sup>3</sup>, d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>8</sup> and d<sup>9</sup> complexes tend to show larger deviations from the spin-only formula than octahedral complexes of the same ion because quenching of the orbital contribution is less effective in the tetrahedral case.<br />
'''Summary of rules for high and low spin complexes:'''[[file:CFSE_DH.png|right|300px]]
:'''3d complexes:''' Can be high or low spin, depending on the ligand (d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>5</sup>, d<sup>6</sup>, d<sup>7</sup>)
:'''4d and 5d complexes:''' Always low spin, because Δ<sub>O</sub> is large
: '''Maximum CFSE''' is for d<sup>3</sup> and d<sup>8</sup> cases (e.g., Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>) with weak field ligands (H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sup>2-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>,...) and for d<sup>3</sup>-d<sup>6</sup> with strong field ligands (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Ru<sup>2+</sup>, Os<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>3+</sup>, Rh<sup>3+</sup>, Ir<sup>3+</sup>,...)
:[[w:Irving–Williams_series|'''Irving-Williams series.''']] For M<sup>2+</sup> complexes, the stability of the complex follows the order Mg<sup>2+</sup> < Mn<sup>2+</sup> < Fe<sup>2+</sup> < Co<sup>2+</sup> < Ni<sup>2+</sup> < Cu<sup>2+</sup> > Zn<sup>2+</sup>. This trend represents increasing Lewis acidity as the ions become smaller (going left to right in the periodic table) as well as the trend in CFSE. This same trend is reflected in the hydration enthalpy of gas-phase M<sup>2+</sup> ions, as illustrated in the graph at the right. Note that Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which are d<sup>0</sup>, d<sup>5</sup>(high spin), and d<sup>10</sup> aquo ions, respectively, all have zero CFSE and fall on the same line. Ions that deviate the most from the line such as Ni<sup>2+</sup> (octahedral d<sup>8</sup>) have the highest CFSE.
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[[File:Vanadiumoxidationstates.jpg|thumb|right|upright|From left: [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (lilac), [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (green), [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (blue) and [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (yellow).]]
'''Colors and spectra of transition metal complexes'''<br />
Transition metal complexes often have beautiful colors because, as noted above, their d-d transition energies can be in the visible part of the spectrum. With octahedral complexes these colors are faint (the transitions are weak) because they violate the [[w:Laporte_rule|Laporte selection rule]]. According to this rule, g -> g and u -> u transitions are forbidden in centrosymmetric complexes. d-orbitals have g (gerade) symmetry, so d-d transitions are Laporte-forbidden. However octahedral complexes can absorb light when they momentarily distort away from centrosymmetry as the molecule vibrates. Spin flips are also forbidden in optical transitions by the spin selection rule, so the excited state will always have the same spin multiplicity as the ground state.
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The spectra of even the simplest transition metal complexes are rather complicated because of the many possible ways in which the d-electrons can fill the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. For example, if we consider a d<sup>2</sup> complex such as V<sup>3+</sup>(aq), we know that the two electrons can reside in any of the five d-orbitals, and can either be spin-up or spin-down. There are actually 45 different such arrangements (called '''microstates''') that do not violate the Pauli exclusion principle for a d<sup>2</sup> complex. Usually we are concerned only with the six of lowest energy, in which both electrons occupy individual orbitals in the t<sub>2g</sub> set and all their spins are aligned either up or down.<br /><br />
[[file:Cr(hexammine)3+.png|300px|left|thumb|The UV-visible spectrum of [Cr(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> shows two weak absorption bands, both corresponding to d-d transitions from the t<sub>2g</sub> to e<sub>g</sub> orbitals.]]
We can see how these microstates play a role in electronic spectra when we consider the d-d transitions of the [Cr(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> ion. This ion is d<sup>3</sup>, so each of the three t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals contains one unpaired electron. We expect to see a transition when one of the three electrons in the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals is excited to an empty e<sub>g</sub> orbital. Interestingly, we find not one but '''two''' transitions in the visible.<br />
<br />
The reason that we see two transitions is that the electron can come from any one of the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals and end up in either of the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. Let us assume for the sake of argument that the electron is initially in the d<sub>xy</sub> orbital. It can be excited to either the d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> or the d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbital:
:d<sub>xy</sub> --> d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> (higher energy)
:d<sub>xy</sub> --> d<sub>x</sub><sub>2</sub><sub>-y</sub><sub>2</sub> (lower energy)
The first transition is at higher energy (shorter wavelength) because in the excited state the configuration is (d<sub>yz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>xz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small><sup>1</sup>). All three of the excited state orbitals have some z-component, so the d-electron density is "piled up" along the z-axis. The energy of this transition is thus increased by '''electron-electron repulsion'''. In the second case, the excited state configuration is (d<sub>yz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>xz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small><sup>1</sup>), and the d-electrons are more symmetrically distributed around the metal. This effect is responsible for a splitting of the d-d bands by about 8,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We can show that all other possible transitions are equivalent to one of these two by symmetry, and hence we see only two visible absorption bands for Cr<sup>3+</sup> complexes.
==  5.6 Non-octahedral complexes==
[[File:octa-to-sq.png|left|600px|thumb|Crystal field energy diagram showing the transition from octahedral to square planar geometry]][[File:Cisplatin-3D-balls.png |right|170px|thumbnail|cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, a 5d<sup>8</sup> square planar complex]]The most important non-octahedral geometries for transition metal complexes are:
:'''4-coordinate:''' square planar and tetrahedral
:'''5-coordinate:''' square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal
[[File:Nci-vol-8173-300_barnett_rosenberg.jpg|right|170px|thumb|[[w:Barnett_Rosenberg|Barnett Rosenberg]] (Michigan State University) accidentally discovered the biological effects of square planar cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> while researching bacterial growth in electric fields.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Rosenberg B, Vancamp L, Trosco JE, Mansour VH | title = Platinum compounds - a new class of potent antitumour agents | journal = Nature | volume = 222 | issue = 5191 | pages = 385-386 | year = 1969 | doi = 10.1038/222385a0 }}</ref> The Pt electrode he used reacted with chloride and ammonium ions in the electrolyte to produce the compound at 1-10 ppm concentration. Further experiments revealed that the cis-isomer (but not the trans-isomer) is a potent anti-cancer drug which is especially effective against testicular cancer. The drug works by cross-linking guanine-cytosine rich regions of DNA, thus inhibiting cell division.]][[File:Geoffrey_Wilkinson_ca._1976.png|right|170px|thumb|Sir [[w:Geoffrey_Wilkinson|Geoffrey Wilkinson]], an inorganic chemist at Imperial College London, developed Wilkinson's catalyst in 1966. Earlier, as an Assistant Professor at Harvard University, he had elucidated the sandwich structure of [[w:ferrocene|ferrocene]],<ref>{{cite journal |author = G. Wilkinson, M. Rosenblum, M. C. Whiting, R. B. Woodward |title = The Structure of Iron Bis-Cyclopentadienyl |journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society |year = 1952|volume = 74 |pages = 2125–2126 |doi = 10.1021/ja01128a527 |issue = 8}}</ref> which had been discovered a few years before but not understood. Wilkinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1973 for his contributions to organometallic chemistry.]]
'''Energies of the d-orbitals in non-octahedral geometries.''' The figure at the left shows what happens to the d-orbital energy diagram as we progressively distort an octahedral complex by elongating it along the z-axis (a '''tetragonal distortion'''), by removing one of its ligands to make a '''square pyramid''', or by removing both of the ligands along the z-axis to make a '''square planar''' complex. In all cases, we keep the total bond order the same by making the bonds in the xy plane shorter as the bonds in the z-direction are stretched and/or broken.
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The distortion away from octahedral symmetry breaks the degeneracy of the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. d-orbitals with a z-axis component (d<sub>xz</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub>, d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small>) go down in energy as orbitals that reside in the xy plane (d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small>) rise in energy. The barycenter (the weighted average orbital energy) remains constant. Also, it is important to note that the splitting between the d<sub>xy</sub> and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals is constant at Δ<sub>O</sub> regardless of the nature of the distortion. In the square planar geometry, the energies of the d<sub>xz</sub> d<sub>yz</sub>, d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small>, d<sub>xy</sub>, and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals are -0.51, -0.40, +0.21, and +1.21 (in units of Δ<sub>O</sub>), respectively.
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Why would a "happy" octahedral complex want to lose two of its ligands to make a '''square planar''' complex? This occurs frequently in d<sup>8</sup> and sometimes in d<sup>9</sup> complexes with large Δ<sub>O</sub>, i.e., '''3d<sup>8</sup> complexes with strong field ligands and 4d<sup>8</sup>, 5d<sup>8</sup> complexes with any ligands'''. Examples of such d<sup>8</sup> complexes are [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, the anti-cancer drug cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), [Pd(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, and [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>. At the d<sup>8</sup> electron count, the lowest four orbitals are filled and the highest orbital (the d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small>) is empty, resulting in a large CFSE (2.4 Δ<sub>O</sub>, vs. 1.2 Δ<sub>O</sub> for octahedral d<sup>8</sup>). This difference of 1.2 Δ<sub>O</sub> more than offsets the pairing energy for 4d<sup>8</sup> and 5d<sup>8</sup> complexes, and for 3d<sup>8</sup> complexes with strong field ligands. These square planar complexes are diamagnetic and tend to be quite stable. With weak field ligands, 3d<sup>8</sup> complexes are octahedral and paramagnetic (e.g., [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, which has two unpaired electrons in the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals).<br /><br />
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'''Square planar complexes in catalysis:'''<br />
[[File:Catalitic cycle for hydrogenation with Wilkinson's catalyst.svg|left|400px]]Square planar d<sup>8</sup> complexes can be oxidized by two electrons to become octahedral (low spin) d<sup>6</sup> complexes, which also have a large CFSE. Because the loss of two electrons is accompanied by the gain of two ligands, this process is called '''oxidative addition'''. The reverse process is called '''reductive elimination.''' Both processes function together in catalytic cycles, such as the hydrogenation of olefins using [[w:Wilkinson's_catalyst|'''Wilkinson's catalyst''']].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Osborn, J. A.; Jardine, F. H.; Young, J. F.; Wilkinson, G.| title=The Preparation and Properties of Tris(triphenylphosphine)halogenorhodium(I) and Some Reactions Thereof Including Catalytic Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Olefins and Acetylenes and Their Derivatives| journal= Journal of the Chemical Society A | year = 1966 | pages = 1711–1732 | doi = 10.1039/J19660001711}}</ref><ref>"Tris(triphenylphosphine)halorhodium(I)" J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Volume 10, p. 67. DOI 10.1002/9780470132418.ch12</ref> The catalytic cycle is shown at the left.
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The catalyst cycles between 4-coordinate Rh(I) (4d<sup>8</sup>) and 6-coordinate Rh(III) (4d<sup>6</sup>). The complex first adds H<sub>2</sub> oxidatively, to give a six-coordinate complex in which the hydrogen is formally H<sup>-</sup>. An olefin molecule displaces a solvent molecule, using its π-electrons to coordinate the metal. The complex rearranges by inserting the olefin into the metal-hydrogen bond, a process called '''migratory insertion'''. Finally, the complex returns to the square planar geometry by eliminating the hydrogenated olefin (reductive elimination). Wilkinson's catalyst is highly active and is widely used for homogeneous hydrogenation, hydroboration, and hydrosilation reactions.<ref>{{cite journal | author = D. A. Evans, G. C. Fu and A. H. Hoveyda | title = Rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydroboration of olefins. The documentation of regio- and stereochemical control in cyclic and acyclic systems | year = 1988 | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 110 | issue = 20 | pages = 6917–6918 | doi=10.1021/ja00228a068}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = I. Ojima, T. Kogure | journal = Tetrahedron Lett. | year = 1972 | volume = 13 | issue = 49 | pages = 5035–5038 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)85162-5 | title = Selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated terpene carbonyl compounds using hydrosilane-rhodium(I) complex combinations}}</ref> With chiral phosphine ligands, the catalyst can hydrogenate prochiral olefins to give enantiomerically pure products.<ref>{{cite journal | author = W. S. Knowles | title = Asymmetric Hydrogenations (Nobel Lecture 2001) | journal = Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis | year = 2003 | volume = 345 | issue = 12 | pages = 3–13 | doi = 10.1002/adsc.200390028 }}</ref> With chiral tridentate ligands that occupy three of the four coordination sites of the square planar complex, very high yields of enantiometrically pure hydrogenation products can be produced. Analogous chiral Ir(I) complexes catalyze the hydrogenation of prochiral ketones to chiral primary alcohols, an important step in the production of many chiral pharmaceutical compounds.<ref>{{cite journal | author = J. Yu, J. Long, W. Wu., P. Xue, and X. Zhang | title = Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with Accessible and Modular Ferrocene-Based Amino-phosphine Acid (f-Ampha) Ligands | journal = Organic Letters | year = 2017 | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 690-693 | doi = 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03862 }}</ref>
<br />
[[File:Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-vdW.png|Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-vdW|right|200px]]
'''Linear ML<sub>2</sub> complexes.''' Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) ions form linear ML<sub>2</sub> complexes with both weak and strong field ligands. For example, air oxidation of gold or silver metal occurs in the presence of cyanide salts, forming [Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> or [Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, and this redox reaction is exploited in mining these precious metals. Insoluble Ag(I) compounds, e.g., AgCl, can be solubilized in ammonia solutions to make soluble linear complexes such as [Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
The linear coordination geometry arises from hybridization of s and d orbitals. For example, in the [Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> ion shown above, hybrids of the 5d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> and 6s orbitals each contain one electron and are directed along the z-axis, similar to the way in which p<sub>z</sub> and s orbitals are hybridized in molecules such as HC≡CH. In these linear complexes, the crystal field splits into three levels, with the filled d<sub>xy</sub> and d<sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub> orbitals lowest in energy, the filled d<sub>xz</sub> and d<sub>yz</sub> at intermediate energy, and the half-filled d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> orbital highest. Back bonding between the d<sub>xz</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub> orbitals and CN<sup>-</sup> π* orbitals also occurs, further stabilizing the complex. <ref>M. De Santis et al., The Chemical Bond and s−d Hybridization in Coinage Metal(I) Cyanides, Inorg. Chem. 2019, 58, 11716−11729. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01694</ref><ref>N. Zhang, J. Kou, and C. Sun, Investigation on Gold–Ligand Interaction for Complexes from Gold Leaching: A DFT Study, Molecules 2023, 28, 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031508</ref>
==  5.7 Jahn-Teller effect==
[[File:Jahn-Teller effect.svg|left|250px|thumb|Jahn-Teller distortion of a d<sup>9</sup> octahedral transition metal complex. The tetragonal distortion lengthens the bonds along the z-axis as the bonds in the x-y plane become shorter. This change lowers the overall energy, because the two electrons in the d<sub>z2</sub> orbital go down in energy as the one electron in the d<sub>x2-y2</sub> orbital goes up.]] The '''Jahn–Teller effect''', sometimes also known as '''Jahn–Teller distortion''', describes the geometrical distortion of molecules and ions that is associated with certain electron configurations. This electronic effect is named after [[w:Hermann Arthur Jahn|Hermann Arthur Jahn]] and [[w:Edward Teller|Edward Teller]], who proved, using [[w:group theory|group theory]], that orbitally degenerate molecules ''cannot'' be stable.<ref>{{cite journal | author = [[w:Hermann Arthur Jahn|H. Jahn]] and [[w:Edward Teller|E. Teller]] | title = Stability of Polyatomic Molecules in Degenerate Electronic States. I. Orbital Degeneracy | year = 1937 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society A | volume = 161 | issue = 905 | pages = 220–235 | doi = 10.1098/rspa.1937.0142|bibcode = 1937RSPSA.161..220J }}</ref> The '''Jahn–Teller theorem''' essentially states that any non-linear molecule with a spatially [[w:degenerate energy level|degenerate]] electronic ground state will undergo a geometrical distortion that removes that degeneracy, because the distortion lowers the overall energy of the molecule.
<br />
We can understand this effect in the context of octahedral metal complexes by considering d-electron configurations in which the '''e<sub>g</sub>''' orbital set contains '''one or three electrons'''. The most common of these are high spin d<sup>4</sup> (e.g., CrF<sub>2</sub>) , low spin d<sup>7</sup> (e.g.,NaNiO<sub>2</sub>), and d<sup>9</sup> (e.g., Cu<sup>2+</sup>). If the complex can distort to break the symmetry, then one of the (formerly) degenerate e<sub>g</sub> orbitals will go down in energy and the other will go up. More electrons will occupy the lower orbital than the upper one, resulting in an overall lowering of the electronic energy. A similar distortion can occur in tetrahedral complexes when the t<sub>2</sub> orbitals are partially filled. Such geometric distortions that lower the electronic energy are said to be '''electronically driven'''. Similar electronically driven distortions occur in one-dimensional chain compounds, where they are called [[w:Peierls_transition|Peierls distortions]], and in two-dimensionally bonded sheets, where they are called [[w:charge_density_wave|charge density waves]].
<br /><br />
[[File:Hexaaquacopper(II)-3D-balls.png|thumb|right|200px|The Jahn–Teller effect is responsible for the tetragonal distortion of the hexaaquacopper(II) complex ion, [Cu(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, which might otherwise possess octahedral geometry. The two axial Cu−O distances are 2.38 Å, whereas the four equatorial Cu−O distances are ~1.95 Å.]]
[[File:Cu water.png|thumb|right|200px|The Cu(II) ion can also coordinate five water molecules in an elongated square pyramid with four Cu-Oeq bonds (2x1.98 Å and 2x1.95 Å) and a long Cu-Oax bond (2.35 Å). The four equatorial ligands are distorted from the mean equatorial plane by ± 17°.]]
The Jahn–Teller effect is most often encountered in octahedral complexes, especially six-coordinate copper(II) complexes.<ref>{{cite book | title = Metal-ligand bonding | author = Rob Janes and Elaine A. Moore | publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-85404-979-7 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=qsP7mmhqvj4C&pg=PA23&dq=%22Jahn-Teller+distortion%22 }}</ref> The ''d''<sup>9</sup> electronic configuration of this ion gives three electrons in the two degenerate ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals, leading to a doubly degenerate electronic ground state. Such complexes distort along one of the molecular fourfold axes (always labelled the ''z'' axis), which has the effect of removing the orbital and electronic degeneracies and lowering the overall energy. The distortion normally takes the form of elongating the bonds to the ligands lying along the ''z'' axis, but occasionally occurs as a shortening of these bonds instead (the Jahn–Teller theorem does not predict the direction of the distortion, only the presence of an unstable geometry). When such an elongation occurs, the effect is to lower the electrostatic repulsion between the electron-pair on the Lewis basic ligand and any electrons in orbitals with a ''z'' component, thus lowering the energy of the complex. If the undistorted complex would be expected to have an inversion center, this is preserved after the distortion.
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<br />
In octahedral complexes, the Jahn–Teller effect is most pronounced when an odd number of electrons occupy the ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals. This situation arises in complexes with the configurations ''d''<sup>9</sup>, low-spin ''d''<sup>7</sup> or high-spin ''d''<sup>4</sup> complexes, all of which have doubly degenerate ground states. In such compounds the ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals involved in the degeneracy point directly at the ligands, so distortion can result in a large energetic stabilization. Strictly speaking, the effect also occurs when there is a degeneracy due to the electrons in the ''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals (''i.e.'' configurations such as ''d''<sup>1</sup> or ''d''<sup>2</sup>, both of which are triply degenerate). In such cases, however, the effect is much less noticeable, because there is a much smaller lowering of repulsion on taking ligands further away from the ''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals, which do not point ''directly'' at the ligands (see the table below). The same is true in tetrahedral complexes (e.g. manganate ([MnO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, d<sup>1</sup>): the distortion is very subtle because there is less stabilization to be gained when the ligands are not pointing directly at the orbitals.
The expected effects for octahedral coordination are given in the following table:
<div align=center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Jahn–Teller effect
! Number of d electrons !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! colspan="2" | 4 !! colspan="2" | 5 !! colspan="2" | 6 !! colspan="2" | 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! High/Low Spin !! !! !! !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! !! !!
|-
!Strength of J-T Effect
| style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" |
|-
|}
</div>
w: weak Jahn–Teller effect (''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals unevenly occupied)
s: strong Jahn–Teller effect expected (''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals unevenly occupied)
blank: no Jahn–Teller effect expected.
The Jahn–Teller effect is manifested in the UV-VIS absorbance spectra of some compounds, where it often causes splitting of bands. It is readily apparent in the structures of many copper(II) complexes.<ref>Patrick Frank, Maurizio Benfatto, Robert K. Szilagyi, Paola D'Angelo, Stefano Della Longa, and Keith O. Hodgson "The Solution Structure of [Cu(aq)]<sup>2+</sup> and Its Implications for Rack-Induced Bonding in Blue Copper Protein Active Sites" Inorganic Chemistry 2005, vol 44, pp 1922–1933. DOI 10.1021/ic0400639</ref> Additional, detailed information about the anisotropy of such complexes and the nature of the ligand binding can be obtained from the fine structure of the low-temperature electron spin resonance spectra.
<br /><br />
==  5.8 Tetrahedral complexes==
Tetrahedral complexes are formed with late transition metal ions (Co<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>) and some early transition metals (Ti<sup>4+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>), especially in situations where the ligands are large. In these cases the small metal ion cannot easily accommodate a coordination number higher than four. Examples of tetrahedal ions and molecules are [CoCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, [MnCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, and TiX<sub>4</sub> (X = halogen). Tetrahedral coordination is also observed in some oxo-anions such as [FeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, which exists as discrete anions in the salts Na<sub>4</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub> and Sr<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>, and in the neutral oxides RuO<sub>4</sub> and OsO<sub>4</sub>. The metal carbonyl complexes Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub> and Co(CO)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> are also tetrahedral.
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<br />
[[file:tetrahedron-in-cube.png|300px|left]][[file:tetrahedral-cfse.png|right|200px]]The splitting of the d-orbitals in a tetrahedral crystal field can be understood by connecting the vertices of a tetrahedron to form a cube, as shown in the picture at the left. The tetrahedral M-L bonds lie along the body diagonals of the cube. The d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals point along the cartesian axes, i.e., towards the faces of the cube, and have the least contact with the ligand lone pairs. Therefore these two orbitals form a low energy, doubly degenerate e set. The d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub>, and d<sub>xz</sub> orbitals point at the edges of the cube and form a triply degenerate t<sub>2</sub> set. While the t<sub>2</sub> orbitals have more overlap with the ligand orbitals than the e set, they are still weakly interacting compared to the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals of an octahedral complex.
The resulting crystal field energy diagram is shown at the right. The splitting energy, Δ<sub>t</sub>, is about 4/9 the splitting of an octahedral complex formed with the same ligands. For 3d elements, Δ<sub>t</sub> is thus small compared to the pairing energy and their tetrahedral complexes are always high spin. Note that we have dropped the "g" subscript because the tetrahedron does not have a center of symmetry.
<br />
<br /><br /><br /><br />
Tetrahedral complexes often have '''vibrant colors''' because they '''lack the center of symmetry''' that forbids a d-d* transition. Because the low energy transition is allowed, these complexes typically absorb in the visible range and have extinction coefficients that are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the those of the corresponding octahedral complexes. An illustration of this effect can be seen in Drierite, which contains particles of colorless, anhydrous calcium sulfate (gypsum) that absorbs moisture from gases. The indicator dye in Drierite is cobalt (II) chloride, which is is a light pink when wet (octahedral) and deep blue when dry (tetrahedral). The reversible hydration reaction is:
:::::Co[CoCl<sub>4</sub>] + 12 H<sub>2</sub>O ⇌ 2 [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub>
::('''deep blue''', tetrahedral [CoCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>) ('''light pink''', octahedral [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>)
:[[File:Drierite indicateur cropped.jpg|left|Drierite Dry and Wet|450px]][[file:co-cfse.png|200px]]
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<br />
==  5.9 Stability of transition metal complexes==
The crystal field stabilization energy ('''CFSE''') is an important factor in the stability of transition metal complexes. Complexes with high CFSE tend to be '''thermodynamically''' stable (i.e., they have high values of K<sub>a</sub>, the equilibrium constant for metal-ligand association) and are also '''kinetically''' inert. They are kinetically inert because ligand substitution requires that they ''dissociate'' (lose a ligand), ''associate'' (gain a ligand), or ''interchange'' (gain and lose ligands at the same time) in the transition state. These distortions in coordination geometry lead to a large '''activation energy''' if the CFSE is large, even if the product of the ligand exchange reaction is also a stable complex. For this reason, complexes of Pt<sup>4+</sup>, Ir<sup>3+</sup> (both low spin 5d<sup>6</sup>), and Pt<sup>2+</sup> (square planar 5d<sup>8</sup>) have very slow ligand exchange rates.
<br />
<br />
There are two other important factors that contribute to complex stability:
:'''Hard-soft interactions''' of metals and ligands (which relate to the '''energy''' of complex formation)
:The '''chelate effect''', which is an '''entropic''' contributor to complex stability.
<br />
'''Hard-soft interactions''' <br />
<u>Hard acids</u> are typically small, high charge density cations that are weakly polarizable such as H<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Be<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Ti<sup>4+</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. ''Electropositive metals'' in ''high oxidation states'' are typically hard acids. These elements are predominantly found in oxide minerals, because O<sup>2-</sup> is a hard base. <br />
Some <u>hard bases</u> include H<sub>2</sub>O, OH<sup>-</sup>, O<sup>2-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and NH<sub>3</sub>. <br />
The hard acid-base interaction is primarily '''electrostatic'''. Complexes of hard acids with hard bases are stable because of the electrostatic component of the CFSE.
<br />
<u>Soft acids</u> are large, polarizable, ''electronegative metal'' ions in ''low oxidation states'' such as Ni<sup>0</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>, and Au<sup>+</sup>.
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<u>Soft bases</u> are anions/neutral bases such as H<sup>-</sup>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, CO, PR<sub>3</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>S, and CN<sup>-</sup>). Soft acids typically occur in nature as sulfide or arsenide minerals. <br />
<br />
The bonding between soft acids and soft bases is predominantly '''covalent'''. For example, metal carbonyls bind through a covalent interaction between a zero- or low-valent metal and neutral CO to form Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>, Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>, Co(CO)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub>, W(CO)<sub>6</sub>, and related compounds.
The preference for hard-hard and soft-soft interactions ("like binds like") is nicely illustrated in the properties of the copper halides:
::CuF '''CuI'''
: unstable stable
::'''CuF<sub>2</sub>''' CuI<sub>2</sub>
: stable unstable
The compounds CuF and CuI<sub>2</sub> have never been isolated, and are thermodynamically unstable to disproportionation:
:2 CuF(s) → Cu(s) + CuF<sub>2</sub>(s)
:2 CuI<sub>2</sub>(s) → 2 CuI(s) + I<sub>2</sub>(s)
We will learn more about quantifying the energetics of these compounds in Chapter 9.
==  5.10 Chelate and macrocyclic effects==
[[File:Me-EN.svg|thumb|130px|Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand that forms a five-membered ring in coordinating to a metal ion M]]Ligands that contain more than one binding site for a metal ion are called '''chelating''' ligands (from the Greek word χηλή, chēlē, meaning "claw"). As the name implies, chelating ligands have '''high affinity''' for metal ions relative to ligands with only one binding group (which are called monodentate = "single tooth") ligands.
<br />
Consider the two complexation equilibria in aqueous solution, between the cobalt (II) ion, Co<sup>2+</sup>(aq) and ethylenediamine (en) on the one hand and ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, on the other.
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 NH<sub>3</sub> ⇌ [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (1)
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 3 en ⇌ [Co(en)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (2)
Electronically, the ammonia and en ligands are very similar, since both bind through N and since the Lewis base strengths of their nitrogen atoms are similar. This means that ΔH° must be very similar for the two reactions, since six Co-N bonds are formed in each case. Interestingly however, we observe that the equilibrium constant is ''100,000 times larger'' for the second reaction than it is for the first.
<br /><br />
The big difference between these two reactions is that the second one involves "condensation" of ''fewer particles'' to make the complex. This means that the '''entropy changes''' for the two reactions are different. The first reaction has a ΔS° value close to zero, because there are the same number of molecules on both sides of the equation. The second one has a positive ΔS° because four molecules come together but seven molecules are produced. The difference between them (ΔΔS°) is about +100 J/mol-K. We can translate this into a ratio of equilibrium constants using:
<br />
:K<sub>f</sub>(en)/K<sub>f</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>) = e<sup>-ΔΔG°/RT</sup> ≈ e<sup>+ΔΔS°/R</sup> ≈ e<sup>12</sup> ≈ 10<sup>5</sup>
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[[File:EDTA.svg|thumbnail|left|170 px|Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid acid (EDTA), a hexadentate ligand]][[File:Heme_b.svg|180px|right|thumbnail|Heme b]]
The bottom line is that the chelate effect is '''entropy-driven'''. It follows that the more binding groups a ligand contains, the more positive the ΔS° and the higher the K<sub>f</sub> will be for complex formation. In this regard, the hexadentate ligand ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an optimal ligand for making octahedral complexes because it has six binding groups. In basic solutions where all four of the COOH groups are deprotonated, the '''chelate effect''' of the EDTA<sup>4-</sup> ligand is approximately 10<sup>15</sup>. This means, for a given metal ion, K<sub>f</sub> is 10<sup>15</sup> times larger for EDTA<sup>4-</sup> than it would be for the relevant monodentate ligands at the same concentration. EDTA<sup>4-</sup>tightly binds essentially any 2+, 3+, or 4+ ion in the periodic table, and is a very useful ligand for both analytical applications and separations.
The '''macrocyclic effect''' follows the same principle as the chelate effect, but the effect is further enhanced by the cyclic conformation of the ligand. Macrocyclic ligands are not only multi-dentate, but because they are covalently constrained to their cyclic form, they allow less conformational freedom. The ligand is said to be "'''pre-organized'''" for binding, and there is little entropy penalty for wrapping it around the metal ion. For example heme b is a tetradentate cyclic ligand which is strongly complexes transition metal ions, including (in biological systems) Fe<sup>+2</sup>.
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Some other common chelating and cyclic ligands are shown below: [[File:Acac.png|right|300px]]
[[File:Jacqueline Barton AIC Gold Medal 2015.jpg|170px|left|thumb|[[w:Jacqueline_Barton|Prof. Jacqueline Barton]] (Caltech) has used metal polypyridyl complexes to study electron transfer reactions that are implicated in the biological sensing and repair of damage in DNA molecules.]]'''Acetylacetonate''' (acac<sup>-</sup>, right) is an anionic bidentate ligand that coordinates metal ions through two oxygen atoms. Acac<sup>-</sup> is a hard base so it prefers hard acid cations. With divalent metal ions, acac<sup>-</sup> forms neutral, volatile complexes such as Cu(acac)<sub>2</sub> and Mo(acac)<sub>2</sub> that are useful for [[w:Chemical_vapor_deposition|chemical vapor deposition]] (CVD) of metal thin films.
'''2,2'-Bipyridine''' and related bidentate ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline (below, center left) form propeller-shaped complexes with metals such as Ru<sup>2+</sup>. The [[w:Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)_chloride|[Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>]] complex (below left) is photoluminescent and can also undergo photoredox reactions, making it an interesting compound for both photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis. The chiral propellor shapes of metal polypyridyl complexes such as [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> coincidentally match the size and helicity of the major groove of DNA. This has led to a number of interesting studies of electron transfer reactions along the DNA backbone, initiated by photoexcitation of the metal complex.
<br><br>
'''Crown ethers''' such as 18-crown-6 (below, center right) are cyclic hard bases that can complex alkali metal cations. Crowns can selectively bind Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, or K<sup>+</sup> depending on the number of ethylene oxide units in the ring.
:The chelating properties of crown ethers are mimetic of the natural antibiotic '''valinomycin''' (below right), which selectively transports K<sup>+</sup> ions across bacterial cell membranes, killing the bacterium by dissipating its membrane potential. Like crown ethers, valinomycin is a cyclic hard base.
:::: [[File:Trisbipyridylruthenium structure.jpg|130px]] [[File:1,10-phenanthroline.svg|150px]] [[File:18-crown-6.png|120px]] [[File:Valinomycin.svg|180px]]
==  5.11 Ligand substitution reactions==
Transition metal complexes can exchange one ligand for another, and these reactions are important in their synthesis, stereochemistry, and catalytic chemistry. The mechanisms of chemical reactions are intimately connected to reaction kinetics. As in organic chemistry, the mechanisms of transition metal reactions are typically inferred from experiments that examine the concentration dependence of the incoming and outgoing ligands on the reaction rate, the detection of intermediates, and the stereochemistry of the reactants and products.
<br><br>
'''Thermodynamic vs. kinetics.''' When we think about the reactions of transition metal complexes, it is important to recall the distinction between their ''thermodynamics'' and ''kinetics''. Take for example the formation of the square planar tetracyanonickelate complex:
<br><br>
::Ni<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 4 CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (aq) K<sub>eq</sub> ≈ 10<sup>30</sup> M<sup>-4</sup>
<br>
Thermodynamically, [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> is very '''stable''', meaning that the equilibrium above lies very far to the right. Kinetically, however, the complex is '''labile''', meaning that it can exchange its ligands rapidly. For example the exchange between a <sup>13</sup>C labeled CN<sup>-</sup> ion and a bound CN<sup>-</sup> ligand occurs on the timescale of tens of milliseconds:
<br><br>
::[Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (aq) + *CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Ni(CN)<sub>3</sub>(*CN)]<sup>2-</sup> + CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) k<sub>exchange</sub> ≈ 10<sup>2</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>
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Conversely, a compound can be thermodynamically '''unstable''' but kinetically '''inert''', meaning that it takes a relatively long time to react. For example, the [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> ion is unstable in acid, but its hydrolysis reaction with concentrated HCl takes about one week to go to completion at room temperature:
<br>[[File:Henry Taube - HD.3F.005 (11086397086).jpg|250 px|right|thumb|Henry Taube (Stanford University) received the 1983 Nobel Prize for his work on the electron transfer and ligand exchange reactions of transition metal complexes]]
:: [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) K<sub>eq</sub> ≈ 10<sup>30</sup>
<br>
Henry Taube, who studied the mechanisms of ligand exchange reactions in simple test tube experiments, classified transition metal complexes as '''labile''' if their reaction half-life was one minute or less, and '''inert''' if they took longer to react. The dynamic range of ligand substitution rates is enormous, spanning at least 15 orders of magnitude. On the timescale of most laboratory experiments, the Taube definition of lability is a useful one for classifying reactions into those that have low and high activation energies. As we will see, the '''crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE)''' plays a key role in determining the activation energy and therefore the rate of ligand substitution.
<br><br>
'''Crystal field stabilization energy and ligand exchange rates.''' Let's consider a very common and simple ligand exchange reaction, which is the substitution of one water molecule for another in an octahedral [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>n+</sup> complex. Since the products (except for the label) are the same as the reactants, we know that ΔG° = 0 and K<sub>eq</sub> = 1 for this reaction. The progress of the reaction can be monitored by NMR by using isotopically labeled water (typically containing <sup>17</sup>O or <sup>18</sup>O):
[[File:octahedral_complex_water_substitution.jpg|center|400px]]
The most striking thing about this (otherwise boring) reaction is the vast difference in rate constants - about 14 orders of magnitude - for different metal ions and oxidation states:
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! M<sup>n+</sup> !! log k (sec<sup>-1</sup>)
|-
|Cr<sup>3+</sup>||<center>-6</center>
|-
|V<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>-2</center>
|-
|Cr<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>8</center>
|-
|Cu<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>8</center>
|}</center>
[[file:cr3+CFSE.jpg|center|500px]]While at first it may seem strange that the same ion in two different oxidation states (Cr<sup>3+</sup> vs. Cr<sup>2+</sup>) would be inert or labile, respectively, we can begin to rationalize the difference by drawing d-orbital splitting diagrams for the complexes. What we find is that octahedral complexes that have '''high CFSE''' (Cr<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>2+</sup>) tend to be '''inert'''. Conversely, ions with electrons in high energy e<sub>g</sub> orbitals (Cr<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>) tend to be labile. In the case of Cr<sup>3+</sup> and V<sup>2+</sup>, the energy penalty for distorting the complex away from octahedral symmetry - to make, for example, a 5- or 7-coordinate intermediate - is particularly high. This activation energy for ligand substitution is lower for Cr<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>, which already have electrons in antibonding e<sub>g</sub> orbitals.
<br>
Based on the rules we developed for calculating the CFSE of transition metal complexes, we can now predict the trends in ligand substitution rates:
* Octahedral complexes with '''d<sup>3</sup>''' and '''d<sup>6</sup>(low spin)''' configurations, such as Cr<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>3</sup>), Co<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), Rh<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), Ru<sup>2+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), and Os<sup>2+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>) tend to be '''substitution-inert''' because of their high CFSE.
* '''Square planar d<sup>8</sup>''' complexes, especially those in the 4d and 5d series, are also s'''ubstitution-inert'''. Examples are complexes of Pd<sup>2+</sup>, Pt<sup>2+</sup>, and Au<sup>3+</sup>.
* Intermediate cases are complexes of Fe<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and of main group ions (Be<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>) that are hard Lewis acids. These complexes make strong metal-oxygen bonds and have water exchange rates in the range of 10<sup>1</sup>-10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
* '''Ions with zero CFSE''' exchange water molecules on a timescale of nanoseconds (k ≈ 10<sup>8</sup>-10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). These include ions with d<sup>0</sup>, d<sup>5</sup> (high spin), and d<sup>10</sup> electron counts, including alkali metal (Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>) and alkali earth (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>) cations, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. In these cases the CFSE is zero and the energetic cost of breaking octahedral symmetry is relatively low.
* For p-block elements, faster exchange occurs with larger ions (e.g., Ba<sup>2+</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Ga<sup>3+</sup> > Al<sup>3+</sup>), because Lewis acid strength decreases with increasing ion size.
* The Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion (d<sup>9</sup>), as a '''Jahn-Teller ion''', is already distorted away from octahedral symmetry and is therefore quite '''labile''', exchanging water ligands at a rate of about 10<sup>8</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
<br>
'''Ligand Substitution Mechanisms.''' For an ML<sub>n</sub> complex undergoing ligand substitution, there are essentially three different reaction mechanisms:
<br><br>
* In the '''dissociative mechanism''', a ML<sub>n</sub> complex first '''loses a ligand''' to form an ML<sub>n-1</sub> intermediate, and the incoming ligand Y reacts with the ML<sub>n-1</sub> fragment:
<br>
::L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M-L* ⇌ L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M- + L* ⇌ L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M-Y
<br>
This mechanism is illustrated below for ligand substitution on an octahedral ML<sub>6</sub> complex. The intermediate state in this example involves a trigonal bipyramidal ML<sub>5</sub> fragment as well as free L and Y ligands.
[[File:dissociative_substitution.gif|450px|right|thumb|Illustration of the dissociative ligand substitution mechanism for an ML<sub>6</sub> complex. The reaction energy profile is shown at the right.]]If the rate determining step is the dissociation of L from the complex, then the concentration of Y does not affect the rate of reaction, leading to the first-order rate law:
<br>
::Rate = k<sub>1</sub>[ML<sub>n</sub>]
In the case of an octahedral complex, this reaction would be first order in ML<sub>6</sub> and zero order in Y, but only if the highest energy transition state is the one that precedes the formation of the ML<sub>5</sub> intermediate. If the two transition states are close in energy (as in the case of the animation at the right), then the rate law becomes more complicated. In this case, we can simplify the problem by assuming a low steady-state concentration of the ML<sub>n</sub> intermediate. The resulting rate law is:
::<math chem>\ce{Rate} = \frac{k_1 k_2[\ce Y][\ce{ML_\mathit{n}}]}{{k_{-1}[\ce L]}+k_2[\ce Y]}</math>
which reduces to the simpler first-order rate law when k<sub>2</sub>[Y] >> k<sub>-1</sub>[L]. Because the formation of the transition state involves dissociation of a ligand, the entropy of activation is always positive in the dissociative mechanism.
<br><br>
* In the '''associative mechanism''', the incoming ligand Y attacks the ML<sub>n</sub> complex, transiently forming an ML<sub>n</sub>Y intermediate, and the intermediate then loses a ligand L forming the ML<sub>n-1</sub>Y product.
Complexes that undergo associative substitution are typically either coordinatively unsaturated or contain a ligand that can change its bonding to the metal, e.g. a change in the hapticity or bending of a nitric oxide ligand (NO). In homogeneous catalysis, the associative pathway is desirable because the binding event, and hence the selectivity of the reaction, depends not only on the nature of the metal catalyst but also on the molecule that is involved in the catalytic cycle.
[[File:Berry_pseudorotation.gif|200 px|right|thumb|Berry pseudorotation mechanism]]Examples of associative mechanisms are commonly found in the chemistry of d<sup>8</sup> square planar metal complexes, e.g. [[w:Vaska's_complex|Vaska's complex]] (IrCl(CO)[P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>) and tetrachloroplatinate(II). These compounds (ML<sub>4</sub>) bind the incoming (substituting) ligand Y to form pentacoordinate intermediates ML<sub>4</sub>Y, which in a subsequent step dissociate one of their ligands. Although the incoming ligand is initially bound at an equatorial site, the [[w:Berry_mechanism|Berry pseudorotation]] provides a low energy pathway for all ligands to sample both the equatorial and axial sites. Ligand dissociation must occur from an equatorial site according to the [[w:principle of microscopic reversibility|principle of microscopic reversibility]]. Dissociation of Y results in no reaction, but dissociation of L results in net substitution, yielding the d<sup>8</sup> complex ML<sub>3</sub>Y. The first step is typically rate determining. Thus, the entropy of activation is negative, which indicates an increase in order in the transition state. Associative reactions follow second order kinetics: the rate of the appearance of product depends on the concentration of both ML<sub>4</sub> and Y.
[[File:AssveRxn.png|520px|center]]
'''The Trans Effect''', which is connected with the associative mechanism, controls the stereochemistry of certain ligand substitution reactions.
<br><br>
The trans effect refers to the labilization (making more reactive) of ligands that are '''trans''' to certain other ligands, the latter being referred to as '''trans-directing ligands'''. The labilization of trans ligands is attributed to electronic effects and is most notable in square planar complexes, but it can also be observed with octahedral complexes.<ref name=coe>Coe, B. J.; Glenwright, S. J. Trans-effects in octahedral transition metal complexes. ''Coordination Chemistry Reviews'' '''2000''', ''203'', 5-80.</ref> The [[w:cis effect|cis effect]] is most often observed in octahedral complexes.
In addition to the ''kinetic trans effect'', trans ligands also have an influence on the ground state of the molecule, the most notable ones being bond lengths and stability. Some authors prefer the term '''trans influence''' to distinguish this from the kinetic effect,<ref name=crabtree>{{Cite book | author = [[w:Robert H. Crabtree|Robert H. Crabtree]] | title = The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals | year = 2005 | edition = 4th | isbn = 0-471-66256-9 | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | location = New Jersey}}</ref> while others use more specific terms such as '''structural trans effect''' or '''thermodynamic trans effect'''.<ref name=coe/>
The discovery of the trans effect is attributed to [[w:Ilya Ilich Chernyaev|Ilya Ilich Chernyaev]],<ref>Kauffmann, G. B. I'lya I'lich Chernyaev (1893-1966) and the Trans Effect. ''J. Chem. Educ.'' '''1977''', ''54'', 86-89.</ref> who recognized it and gave it a name in 1926.<ref>Chernyaev, I. I. The mononitrites of bivalent platinum. I. ''Ann. inst. platine'' (USSR) '''1926''', ''4'', 243-275.</ref>
<br><br>
The intensity of the trans effect (as measured by the increase in the rate of substitution of the trans ligand) follows this sequence:
:[[w:fluoride|F<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:water (molecule)|H<sub>2</sub>O]], [[w:hydroxide|OH<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]] < [[w:pyridine|py]] < [[w:chloride|Cl<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:bromide|Br<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:iodide|I<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:thiocyanate|SCN<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:nitrite|NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>]], [[w:thiourea|SC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]], [[w:phenyl|Ph<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:sulfite|SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] < [[w:phosphine|PR<sub>3</sub>]], [[w:arsine|AsR<sub>3</sub>]], [[w:thioether|SR<sub>2</sub>]], [[w:methyl|CH<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:hydride|H<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:nitric oxide|NO]], [[w:carbon monoxide|CO]], [[w:cyanide|CN<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:ethylene|C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]]
Note that weak field ligands tend to be poor trans-directing ligands, whereas strong field ligands are strongly trans-directing.
<br><br>
The classic example of the trans effect is the synthesis of [[w:cisplatin|cisplatin]] and its [[w:Trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)|trans isomer]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=''cis''- and ''trans''-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)|journal=Inorg. Synth.|volume=7|year=1963|author=George B. Kauffman, Dwaine O. Cowan|pages=239–245|doi=10.1002/9780470132388.ch63}}</ref> Starting from PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, the first NH<sub>3</sub> ligand is added to any of the four equivalent positions at random. However, since Cl<sup>−</sup> has a greater trans effect than NH<sub>3</sub>, the second NH<sub>3</sub> is added trans to a Cl<sup>−</sup> and therefore cis to the first NH<sub>3</sub>.
:[[File:Synthesis Cisplatin (trans effect).svg|frameless|upright=3.0|Synthesis of cisplatin using the trans effect]]
If, on the other hand, one starts from Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup>, the ''trans'' product is obtained instead:
:[[File:Synthesis Transplatin (trans effect).svg|frameless|upright=3.0|Synthesis of transplatin using the trans effect]]
The trans effect in square complexes can be explained in terms of the associative mechanism, described above, which goes through a trigonal bipyramidal intermediate. Ligands with a high kinetic trans effect are in general those with high π acidity (as in the case of phosphines) or low-ligand lone-pair–d<sub>π</sub> repulsions (as in the case of hydride), which prefer the more π-basic equatorial sites in the intermediate. The second equatorial position is occupied by the incoming ligand. The third and final equatorial site is occupied by the departing trans ligand, so the net result is that the kinetically favored product is the one in which the ligand trans to the one with the largest trans effect is eliminated.<ref name=crabtree />
<br>
<br>
* The '''interchange mechanism''' is similar to the associative and dissociative pathways, except that no distinct ML<sub>n</sub>Y or ML<sub>n-1</sub> intermediate is formed. This concerted mechanism can be thought of as analogous to nucleophilic substitution via the S<sub>N</sub>2 pathway at a tetrahedral carbon atom in organic chemistry. The interchange mechanism is further classified as associative (''I''<sub>a</sub>) or dissociative (''I''<sub>d</sub>) depending on the relative importance of M-Y and M-L bonding in the transition state. If the transition state is characterized by the formation of a strong M-Y bond, then the mechanism is ''I''<sub>a</sub>. Conversely, if weakening of the M-L bond is more important in reaching the transition state, then the mechanism is ''I''<sub>d</sub>.
An example of the ''I''<sub>a</sub> mechanism is the interchange of bulk and coordinated water in [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. In contrast, the slightly more compact ion [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ion exchanges water via the ''I''<sub>d</sub> mechanism.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Lothar |last=Helm |first2=André E. |last2=Merbach |title=Inorganic and Bioinorganic Solvent Exchange Mechanisms |journal=Chem. Rev. |year=2005 |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=1923–1959 |doi=10.1021/cr030726o |pmid=15941206}}</ref>
<br>
'''Effects of ion pairing.''' Highly charged cationic complexes tend to form ion pairs with anionic ligands, and these ion pairs often undergo reactions via the ''I''<sub>a</sub> pathway. The electrostatically held nucleophilic incoming ligand can exchange positions with a ligand in the first coordination sphere, resulting in net substitution. An illustrative process is the "anation" (reaction with an anion) of the chromium(III) hexaaquo complex:
::[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> + SCN<sup>−</sup> ⇌ {[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>], NCS}<sup>2+</sup>
::{[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>], NCS}<sup>2+</sup> ⇌ [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>NCS]<sup>2+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O
<br>
==  5.12 f-Block element salts and coordination compounds==
[[File:Rareearthoxides.jpg|thumb|Lanthanide oxides: clockwise from top center: [[w:praseodymium|praseodymium]], [[w:cerium|ceruyn]], [[w:lanthanum|lanthanum]], [[w:neodymium|neodymium]], [[w:samarium|samarium]] and [[w:gadolinium|gadolinium]]]]The 4f and 5f block elements are called the [[w:lanthanide|lanthanides]] and [[w:actinide|actinides]], respectively. The chemistry of the lanthanides is dominated by the +3 oxidation state, and in Ln<sup>III</sup> compounds the 6s electrons and (usually) one 4f electron are lost and the ions have the configuration [Xe]4f<sup>(''n''−1)</sup>.<ref>{{cite web|author=Winter, Mark |url=http://www.webelements.com/lanthanum/atoms.html|title=Lanthanum ionisation energies|publisher=WebElements Ltd, UK|access-date=2 September 2010}}</ref> All the lanthanide elements exhibit the oxidation state +3. In addition, Ce<sup>3+</sup> can lose its single f electron to form Ce<sup>4+</sup> with the stable electronic configuration of xenon. Also, Eu<sup>3+</sup> can gain an electron to form Eu<sup>2+</sup> with the f<sup>7</sup> configuration that has the extra stability of a half-filled shell. Other than Ce(IV) and Eu(II), none of the lanthanides are stable in oxidation states other than +3 in aqueous solution.
In terms of reduction potentials, the Ln<sup>0/3+</sup> couples are nearly the same for all lanthanides, ranging from −1.99 (for Eu) to −2.35 V (for Pr). Thus these metals are highly reducing, with reducing power similar to alkaline earth metals such as Mg (−2.36 V).
====Ln(III) compounds====
The trivalent lanthanides mostly form ionic salts. The trivalent ions are hard acceptors and form more stable complexes with oxygen-donor ligands than with nitrogen-donor ligands. The larger ions are 9-coordinate in aqueous solution, [Ln(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>9</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> but the smaller ions are 8-coordinate, [Ln(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. There is some evidence that the later lanthanides have more water molecules in the second coordination sphere.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burgess|first=J.|title=Metal ions in solution|publisher=Ellis Horwood|location= New York|year=1978|isbn=978-0-85312-027-8}}</ref> Complexation with monodentate ligands is generally weak because it is difficult to displace water molecules from the first coordination sphere. More stable complexes are formed with chelating ligands because of the [[w:chelate effect|chelate effect]], such as the tetra-anion derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid ([[w:DOTA (chelator)|DOTA]]).
:[[File:Lanthanide nitrates.png|thumb|750px|center|Samples of lanthanide nitrates in their hexahydrate form. From left to right: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.]]
{{-}}
====Ln(II) and Ln(IV) compounds====
The most common divalent derivatives of the lanthanides are for Eu(II), which achieves a favorable f<sup>7</sup> configuration. Divalent halide derivatives are known for all of the lanthanides. They are either conventional salts or are Ln(III) "electride"-like salts. The simple salts include YbI<sub>2</sub>, EuI<sub>2</sub>, and SmI<sub>2</sub>. The electride-like salts, described as Ln<sup>3+</sup>, 2I<sup>−</sup>, e<sup>−</sup>, include LaI<sub>2</sub>, CeI<sub>2</sub> and GdI<sub>2</sub>. Many of the iodides form soluble complexes with ethers, e.g. TmI<sub>2</sub>(dimethoxyethane)<sub>3</sub>.<ref name=Nief>{{cite journal|author=Nief, F. |title=Non-classical divalent lanthanide complexes|journal= Dalton Trans.|year= 2010|volume=39|issue=29|pages= 6589–6598|doi=10.1039/c001280g|pmid=20631944}}</ref> Samarium(II) iodide is a useful reducing agent. Ln(II) complexes can be synthesized by transmetalation reactions. The normal range of oxidation states can be expanded via the use of sterically bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands, in this way many lanthanides can be isolated as Ln(II) compounds.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=William J.|title=Tutorial on the Role of Cyclopentadienyl Ligands in the Discovery of Molecular Complexes of the Rare-Earth and Actinide Metals in New Oxidation States|journal=Organometallics|date=15 September 2016|volume=35|issue=18|pages=3088–3100|doi=10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00466|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Ce(IV) in ceric ammonium nitrate is a useful oxidizing agent. The Ce(IV) is the exception owing to the tendency to form an unfilled f shell. Otherwise tetravalent lanthanides are rare. However, recently Tb(IV)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Molecular Complex of Tb in the +4 Oxidation State< |author1=Palumbo, C.T. |author2=Zivkovic, I. |author3=Scopelliti, R. |author4=Mazzanti, M. |date=2019 |pages=9827–9831 |volume=141 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |doi=10.1021/jacs.9b05337 |pmid=31194529 |issue=25 |bibcode=2019JAChS.141.9827P |s2cid=189814301 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/268286/files/Palumbo%20ja-2019-05337d%20manuscriptR1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423040613/https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/268286/files/Palumbo%20ja-2019-05337d%20manuscriptR1.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rice|first1=Natalie T.|last2=Popov|first2=Ivan A.|last3=Russo|first3=Dominic R.|last4=Bacsa|first4=John|last5=Batista|first5=Enrique R.|last6=Yang|first6=Ping|last7=Telser|first7=Joshua|last8=La Pierre|first8=Henry S.|date=21 August 2019|title=Design, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Analysis of a Tetravalent Terbium Complex|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=141|issue=33|pages=13222–13233|doi=10.1021/jacs.9b06622|pmid=31352780|bibcode=2019JAChS.14113222R |osti=1558225|s2cid=207197096|issn=0002-7863|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9450461 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title= Stabilization of the Oxidation State + IV in Siloxide-Supported Terbium Compounds |author1=Willauer, A.R. |author2=Palumbo, C.T. |author3=Scopelliti, R. |author4=Zivkovic, I. |author5=Douair, I. |author6=Maron, L. |author7=Mazzanti, M. |date=2020 |pages=3549–3553|volume=59 |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |issue=9 |doi=10.1002/anie.201914733|pmid=31840371 |bibcode=2020ACIE...59.3549W |s2cid=209385870 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/275738 }}</ref> and Pr(IV)<ref>{{cite journal |title= Accessing the +IV Oxidation State in Molecular Complexes of Praseodymium. |author1=Willauer, A.R. |author2=Palumbo, C.T. |author3=Fadaei-Tirani, F. |author4=Zivkovic, I. |author5=Douair, I. |author6=Maron, L. |author7=Mazzanti, M. |date=2020 |pages=489–493|volume=142 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |issue=12 |doi=10.1021/jacs.0c01204|pmid=32134644 |bibcode=2020JAChS.142.5538W |s2cid=212564931 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/277306 }}</ref> complexes have been shown to exist.
===Lanthanide coordination chemistry and catalysis===
When in the form of coordination complexes, lanthanides exist overwhelmingly in their +3 oxidation state, although particularly stable 4f configurations can also give +4 (Ce, Pr, Tb) or +2 (Sm, Eu, Yb) ions. All of these forms are strongly electropositive and thus lanthanide ions are [[w:HSAB theory|hard Lewis acids]].<ref name="Ortu">{{ cite journal | title = Rare Earth Starting Materials and Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry | first1 = Fabrizio | last1 = Ortu | journal = [[w:Chemical Reviews|Chem. Rev.]] | year = 2022 | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = 6040–6116 | doi = 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00842 | pmid = 35099940 | pmc = 9007467 }}</ref> The oxidation states are also very stable; with the exceptions of [[w:SmI2|SmI<sub>2</sub>]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Molander|first1=Gary A.|last2=Harris|first2=Christina R.|title=Sequencing Reactions with Samarium(II) Iodide|journal=Chemical Reviews|date=1 January 1996|volume=96|issue=1|pages=307–338|doi=10.1021/cr950019y|pmid=11848755}}</ref> and [[w:Ceric ammonium nitrate|cerium(IV) salts]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nair|first1=Vijay|last2=Balagopal|first2=Lakshmi|last3=Rajan|first3=Roshini|last4= Mathew|first4=Jessy|title=Recent Advances in Synthetic Transformations Mediated by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|date=1 January 2004|volume=37|issue=1|pages=21–30|doi=10.1021/ar030002z|pmid=14730991}}</ref> lanthanides are not used for redox chemistry. 4f electrons have a high probability of being found close to the nucleus and are thus strongly affected as the nuclear charge increases across the series; this results in a corresponding decrease in ionic radii referred to as the [[w:lanthanide contraction|lanthanide contraction]].
The low probability of the 4f electrons existing at the outer region of the atom or ion permits little effective overlap between the orbitals of a lanthanide ion and any binding ligand. Thus lanthanide complexes typically have little or no covalent character and are not influenced by orbital geometries. The lack of orbital interaction also means that varying the metal typically has little effect on the complex (other than size), especially when compared to transition metals. Complexes are held together by weaker electrostatic forces which are omni-directional and thus the ligands alone dictate the symmetry and coordination of complexes. Steric factors therefore dominate, with coordinative saturation of the metal being balanced against inter-ligand repulsion. This results in a diverse range of coordination geometries, many of which are irregular,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dehnicke|first1=Kurt|last2=Greiner|first2=Andreas|title=Unusual Complex Chemistry of Rare-Earth Elements: Large Ionic Radii—Small Coordination Numbers|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|year=2003|volume=42|issue=12|pages=1340–1354|doi=10.1002/anie.200390346|pmid=12671966 |bibcode=2003ACIE...42.1340D }}</ref> and also manifests itself in the highly fluxional nature of the complexes. As there is no energetic reason to be locked into a single geometry, rapid intramolecular and intermolecular ligand exchange will take place. This typically results in complexes that rapidly fluctuate between possible configurations.
Many of these features make lanthanide complexes effective catalysts. Hard Lewis acids are able to polarize bonds upon coordination and thus alter the electrophilicity of compounds, with a classic example being the [[w:Luche reduction|Luche reduction]]. The large size of the ions coupled with their labile ionic bonding allows even bulky coordinating species to bind and dissociate rapidly, resulting in very high turnover rates; thus excellent yields can often be achieved with loadings of only a few mol%.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aspinall|first=Helen C.|title=Chemistry of the f-block elements|year=2001|publisher=Gordon & Breach|location=Amsterdam [u.a.]|isbn=978-90-5699-333-7}}</ref> The lack of orbital interactions combined with the lanthanide contraction means that the lanthanides change in size across the series but that their chemistry remains much the same. This allows for easy tuning of the steric environments and examples exist where this has been used to improve the catalytic activity of the complex<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kobayashi|first1=Shū|last2=Hamada|first2=Tomoaki|last3=Nagayama|first3=Satoshi|last4=Manabe|first4=Kei |title=Lanthanide Trifluoromethanesulfonate-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Media|journal=Organic Letters|date=1 January 2001|volume=3|issue=2|pages=165–167|doi=10.1021/ol006830z|pmid=11430025|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/3737823|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aspinall|first1=Helen C.|last2=Dwyer|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Greeves|first3=Nicholas|last4=Steiner|first4=Alexander
|title=Li<sub>3</sub>[Ln(binol)<sub>3</sub>]·6THF: New Anhydrous Lithium Lanthanide Binaphtholates and Their Use in Enantioselective Alkyl Addition to Aldehydes|journal=Organometallics|date=1 April 1999|volume=18|issue=8|pages=1366–1368|doi=10.1021/om981011s}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Parac-Vogt|first1=Tatjana N.|last2=Pachini|first2=Sophia|last3=Nockemann|first3=Peter|last4=VanmHecke|first4=Kristof|last5=Van Meervelt|first5=Luc|last6=Binnemans|first6=Koen|title=Lanthanide(III) Nitrobenzenesulfonates as New Nitration Catalysts: The Role of the Metal and of the Counterion in the Catalytic Efficiency|journal=European Journal of Organic Chemistry|date=1 November 2004|volume=2004|issue=22|pages=4560–4566|doi=10.1002/ejoc.200400475|s2cid=96125063 |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/33568|type=Submitted manuscript|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and change the nuclearity of metal clusters.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lipstman|first1=Sophia|last2=Muniappan|first2=Sankar|last3=George|first3= Sumod|last4=Goldberg|first4=Israel|title=Framework coordination polymers of tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and lanthanide ions in crystalline solids|journal=Dalton Transactions|date=1 January 2007|volume=30 |issue=30|pages=3273–81|doi=10.1039/B703698A|pmid=17893773 |bibcode=2007DTr....30.3273L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bretonnière|first1=Yann|last2=Mazzanti|first2=Marinella|last3=Pécaut|first3=Jacques|last4=Dunand|first4=Frank A.|last5=Merbach|first5=André E.|title=Solid-State and Solution Properties of the Lanthanide Complexes of a New Heptadentate Tripodal Ligand: A Route to Gadolinium Complexes with an Improved Relaxation Efficiency|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|date=1 December 2001|volume=40|issue=26|pages=6737–6745|doi=10.1021/ic010591+|pmid=11735486 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/78253 }}</ref>
Despite this, the use of lanthanide coordination complexes as homogeneous catalysts is largely restricted to the laboratory and there are currently few examples them being used on an industrial scale.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Trinadhachari|first1=Ganala Naga|last2=Kamat|first2=Anand Gopalkrishna|last3=Prabahar|first3=Koilpillai Joseph|last4=Handa|first4=Vijay Kumar|last5=Srinu|first5=Kukunuri Naga Venkata Satya|last6=Babu|first6=Korupolu Raghu|last7=Sanasi|first7=Paul Douglas|title=Commercial Scale Process of Galanthamine Hydrobromide Involving Luche Reduction: Galanthamine Process Involving Regioselective 1,2-Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketone|journal=Organic Process Research & Development|date=15 March 2013|volume=17|issue=3|pages=406–412|doi=10.1021/op300337y}}</ref> Lanthanides exist in many forms other than coordination complexes and many of these are industrially useful. In particular lanthanide oxides are used as heterogeneous catalysts in various industrial processes.
==  5.13 Discussion questions==
*Discuss chelating ligands and what they do, using some new examples.
*Explain (using some new examples) how we know if an octahedral complex of a metal ion will be high spin or low spin, and what measurements we can do to confirm it.
==  5.14 Problems==
1. Predict the molecular geometry of the following complexes, and determine whether each will be diamagnetic or paramagnetic:
(a) [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
(b) [Ru(ox)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> (ox = oxalate, C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)
(c) [Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>
(d) [W(CO)<sub>6</sub>]
(e) [Ir(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
2. For each of the following transition metal complexes, give (i) the d-electron count), (ii) the approximate molecular geometry of the complex, and (iii) an energy level diagram showing the splitting and filling of the d-orbitals.
(a)[Os(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
(b)''cis-''PtCl<sub>2</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
(c) [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
3. Octahedral transition metal complexes can be either high or low spin. Is the same true of tetrahedral and square planar complexes? Explain why or why not.
4. For each of the transition metal complexes in the table below, give the d electron count, number of unpaired electrons, and electronic configurations. Give the number of electrons in the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> sets of 3d orbitals that are consistent with the observed magnetic moments.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Compound !! µ (BM)
!d electron count
!number of unpaired electrons
!electonic configuration
|-
| a. [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || 1.8
|
|
|
|-
| b. [Fe(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sup>3+</sup> || 6.1
|
|
|
|-
| c. [Fe(NCS)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> || 5.0
|
|
|
|-
| d. [Cr(acac)<sub>3</sub>] || 3.9
|
|
|
|}
5. For each of the following pairs, identify the complex with the higher crystal field stabilization energy (and show your work).
(a) [Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> vs. [Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup><br />
(b) [Ni(en)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> vs. [Cd(en)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, where en = H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub><br />
(c) [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> vs. [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>
6. In a solution made by combining FeCl<sub>3</sub> with excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at neutral pH, the concentration of Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) ions is on the order of 10<sup>-17</sup> M. However, in a solution of ethylenediamine and acetic acid at comparable concentration, the Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) concentration is about 10<sup>-7</sup>, i.e., 10<sup>10</sup> times higher. Explain.
7. The complex [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is blue, while the analogous complex with another monodentate neutral ligand L, [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is yellow. How many of the following statements are true? Explain briefly.
(a) L is a stronger field ligand than H<sub>2</sub>O.
(b) [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is a high-spin complex.
(c) [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> absorbs yellow light.
(d) Both complexes have one 3d electron associated with the metal.
8. OH<sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>3</sub> are both Brønsted bases, and both can form complexes with metal ions. Explain how OH<sup>-</sup> can be a much stronger Brønsted base than NH<sub>3</sub>, and at the same time much lower in the spectrochemical series.
9. A solution of [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is faint green and paramagnetic (µ = 2.90 BM), whereas a solution of [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> is yellow and diamagnetic.
(a) Draw the molecular geometry and the d-orbital energy level diagrams for each complex, showing the electronic occupancy of the d-orbitals.
(b) Explain the differences in magnetism and color.
10. W. Deng and K. W. Hipps (J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 10736-10740) reported an STM study of the electronic properties of Ni(II)tetraphenyl porphyrin (NiTPP), a red-purple, neutral diamagnetic complex that is made by reacting Ni(II) perchlorate with tetraphenylporphine. When NiTPP is reacted with sodium thiocyanate it forms another complex that is paramagnetic. Draw the structures of NiTPP and the product complex, and the crystal field energy level diagram that explains each. What value of the magnetic moment (in units of μB) would you expect for the paramagnetic complex?
<br />
<br />
[[file:aqua-exchange.png|right|450px]]
11. Transition metal complexes can undergo ligand exchange reactions, in which a free ligand or solvent molecule substitutes for one of the bound ligands. Because the reactant and product complexes often have different colors, the rate of ligand exchange can be easily measured in "test tube" reactions. The exchange of chemically identical ligands (e.g., a bound water molecule for a free water molecule) can also be measured by NMR spectroscopy and other methods. Interestingly, the rates water exchange vary over a range of ''14 orders of magnitude'' for different metal ions and oxidation states. In some cases it takes weeks for one water molecule to exchange for another. In other cases, the timescale of the exchange is nanoseconds.
(a) There is an overall trend (see figure at right) in which the exchange rate is slower for higher oxidation states of the metal. Explain this trend. What does the crystal field stabilization energy have to do with the kinetics of the reaction?
(b) Apart from your answer to (a), explain any trends you observe for the rate of water exchange among divalent metal ions.
(c) Cu<sup>2+</sup> has an especially fast water exchange rate. Why?
(d) What are the geometries and d-electron counts of the aquo complexes of the slowest divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent metal ions in the figure? Do they have particularly high or low CFSE's? Explain.
12. Ligand exchange rates for main group ions increase going down a group, e.g., Al<sup>3+</sup> < Ga<sup>3+</sup> < In<sup>3+</sup>. For transition metal ions, we see the opposite trend, e.g., Fe<sup>2+</sup> > Ru<sup>2+</sup> > Os<sup>2+</sup>. Explain why these trends are different.
13. Seppelt and coworkers reported the very unusual ion [AuXe<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> in the salt [AuXe<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (Sb<sub>2</sub>F<sub>11</sub><sup>-</sup>)<sub>2</sub> (Science 2000, 290, 117-118). This was the first report of a compound containing a bond between a metal and a noble gas atom. Draw a d-orbital energy diagram for this ion and predict whether it should be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Would you expect to be able to form a similar complex using Cu in place of Au, or Kr in place of Xe? Why or why not?
14. For the reaction ''cis''-Mo(CO)<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub> + CO → Mo(CO)<sub>5</sub>L + L, the reaction rate is found to vary by a factor of 500 for two different ligands L, but it is relatively insensitive to the pressure of CO gas. (a) What kind of mechanism does this reaction have? (b) What are the signs of the activation volume and the activation entropy?
15. In Rosenberg's initial discovery of the biological effects of ''cis-''Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, the compound was made accidentally by partial dissolution of a Pt anode in an electrolyte solution that contained glucose and magnesium chloride.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rosenberg | first1 = B. | last2 = Van Camp | first2 = L. | last3 = Krigas | first3 = T. | doi = 10.1038/205698a0 | title = Inhibition of Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Electrolysis Products from a Platinum Electrode | journal = Nature | volume = 205 | issue = 4972 | pages = 698–9 | year = 1965 | pmid = 14287410| pmc = }}</ref> The electrolysis reaction also produced small amounts of ammonium ions. Explain mechanistically why the ''cis-''isomer is formed selectively under these conditions.
==  5.15 References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{BookCat}}
pmkami7f6bmgdj1wpoyy9is0jne2vw8
4637320
4637319
2026-05-23T20:14:31Z
Tem5psu
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/*   5.13 Discussion questions */
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== <big>'''Chapter 5: Coordination Chemistry and Crystal Field Theory'''</big>==
[[File:MOF-5.png|350px|right|thumb|Zn<sub>4</sub>O(BDC)<sub>3</sub>, also called MOF-5, is a metal-organic framework in which 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) anions bridge between cationic Zn<sub>4</sub>O clusters.<ref>
{{cite journal
|first=Nathaniel L.
|last=Rosi
|first2=Juergen
|last2=Eckert
|first3=Mohamed
|last3=Eddaoudi
|first4=David T.
|last4=Vodak
|first5=Jaheon
|last5=Kim
|first6=Michael
|last6=O'Keefe
|first7=Omar M.
|last7=Yaghi
|title=Hydrogen storage in microporous metal-organic frameworks
|journal=Science
|volume=300
|issue=5622
|pages=1127–1129
|year=2003
|url=
|pmid=12750515
|doi=10.1126/science.1083440
|bibcode=2003Sci...300.1127R }}
</ref> The rigid framework contains large voids, represented by orange spheres. MOFs can be made from many different transition metal ions and bridging ligands, and are being developed for practical applications in storing gases, especially H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. MOF-5 has a volumetric storage density of 66 g H<sub>2</sub>/L, close to that of liquid H<sub>2</sub>.]]
'''Coordination compounds''' (or '''complexes''') are molecules and extended solids that contain bonds between a '''transition metal''' ion and one or more '''ligands'''. In forming these '''coordinate covalent bonds''', the metal ions act as Lewis acids and the ligands act as Lewis bases. Typically, the ligand has a lone pair of electrons, and the bond is formed by overlap of the molecular orbital containing this electron pair with the d-orbitals of the metal ion. Ligands that are commonly found in coordination complexes are neutral molecules (H<sub>2</sub>O, NH<sub>3</sub>, organic bases such as pyridine, CO, NO, H<sub>2</sub>, ethylene, and phosphines PR<sub>3</sub>) and anions (halides, CN<sup>-</sup>, SCN<sup>-</sup>, cyclopentadienide (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>-</sup>), H<sup>-</sup>, etc.). The resulting complexes can be cationic (e.g., [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>), neutral ([Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]) or anionic ([Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>). As we will see below, ligands that have weak or negligible strength as Brønsted bases (for example, CO, CN<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and Cl<sup>-</sup>) can still be potent Lewis bases in forming transition metal complexes.
<br /><br />
With ligands that are Lewis bases, coordinate covalent bonds (also called dative bonds) are typically drawn as lines, or sometimes as arrows to indicate that the electron pair "belongs" to the ligand X: [[File:Classical dative bond.png|left|100px]]
<br /><br />
In counting electrons on the metal (described below), the convention is to assign both electrons in the dative bond to the ligand, although in reality the bonds are typically polar covalent and electrons are shared between the metal and the ligand.
When writing out the formulas of coordination compounds, we use square brackets [<sup>...</sup>] around the metal ions and ligands that are directly bonded to each other. Thus the compound [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]Cl<sub>2</sub> contains octahedral [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]<sup>2+</sup> ions, in which five ammonia molecules and one chloride ion are directly bonded to the metal, and two Cl<sup>-</sup> anions that are not coordinated to the metal.
<br /><br />
[[Image:Cis-dichlorotetraamminecobalt(III).png|left|150px|thumb|''cis''-[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>]][[File:Alfred Werner ETH-Bib Portr 09965.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Alfred Werner was a Swiss chemist who received the Nobel prize in 1913 for elucidating the bonding in coordination compounds.]][[Image:Trans-dichlorotetraamminecobalt(III).png|left|150px|thumb|''trans''-[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>]]
'''History.''' Coordination compounds have been known for centuries, but their structures were initially not understood. For example, Prussian Blue, which has an empirical formula Fe<sub>7</sub>(CN)<sub>18</sub>•xH<sub>2</sub>O, is an insoluble, deep blue solid that has been used as a pigment since its accidental discovery by Diesbach in 1704. Prussian Blue actually contains Fe<sup>3+</sup> cations and [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> anions, and a more descriptive formulation is (Fe<sup>3+</sup>)<sub>4</sub>([Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>)<sub>3</sub>•xH<sub>2</sub>O. Simpler compounds such as the ammonia complex of Co<sup>3+</sup> were known to chemists but did not fit the expected behavior of ionic solids. For example, cobalt(III)hexammine chloride, [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub> was formulated as CoCl<sub>3</sub>•6NH<sub>3</sub>. It had mysterious properties, in that it dissolved in water like an ionic solid, but it retained its six ammonia molecules when recrystallized. Even more intriguing was the observation that chemically different forms (isomers) of transition metal complexes such as [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]Cl could be made. The puzzle was solved by [[w:Alfred_Werner|Alfred Werner]], who proposed in 1893 that these Co complexes contained octahedrally coordinated metal ions that made primary (covalent) bonds to six ligands. Werner showed through conductivity measurements that solutions of CoCl<sub>3</sub>•6NH<sub>3</sub> contained three free Cl<sup>-</sup> anions and one [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> cation per formula unit. Magnetic susceptibility measurements later confirmed the presence of diamagnetic Co<sup>3+</sup> in both the salt and its solutions. Werner's theory also explained the existence of two (and only two) structural isomers for [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>.
Like organic compounds, transition metal complexes can vary widely in size, shape, charge and stability. We will see that bonds formed from the d-orbitals of the metal largely control these properties.
<br />
<br />
'''Learning goals for Chapter 5:'''
*Determine oxidation states and assign d-electron counts for transition metals in complexes.
*Derive the d-orbital splitting patterns for octahedral, elongated octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar, and tetrahedral complexes.
*For octahedral and tetrahedral complexes, determine the number of unpaired electrons and calculate the crystal field stabilization energy.
*Know the spectrochemical series, rationalize why different classes of ligands impact the crystal field splitting energy as they do, and use it to predict high vs. low spin complexes, and the colors of transition metal complexes.
*Use the magnetic moment of transition metal complexes to determine their spin state.
*Understand the origin of the Jahn-Teller effect and its consequences for complex shape, color, and reactivity.
*Understand the extra stability of complexes formed by chelating and macrocyclic ligands.
==  5.1 Counting electrons in transition metal complexes==
The d-orbitals are the frontier orbitals (the HOMO and LUMO) of transition metal complexes. Many of the important properties of complexes - their shape, color, magnetism, and reactivity - depend on the electron occupancy of the metal's d-orbitals. To understand and rationalize these properties it is important to know how to count the d-electrons.
[[file:HexacyanidoferratIII_2.svg|left|200px|thumbnail|Structure of the octahedral ferricyanide anion. Because the overall charge of the complex is 3-, Fe is in the +3 oxidation state and its electron count is 3d<sup>5</sup>.]]Because transition metals are generally less electronegative than the atoms on the ligands (C, N, O, Cl, P...) that form the metal-ligand bond, our convention is to assign '''both electrons''' in the bond to the '''ligand'''. For example, in the ferricyanide complex [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, if the cyanide ligand keeps both of its electrons it is formulated as CN<sup>-</sup>. By difference, iron must be Fe<sup>3+</sup> because the charges (3<sup>+</sup> + 6(1<sup>-</sup>)) must add up to the overall -3 charge on the complex.
The next step is to determine how many d-electrons the Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion has. The rule is to count '''all''' of iron's valence electrons as '''d-electrons'''. Iron is in group 8, so
::group 8 - 3+ charge = d<sup>5</sup> (or 3d<sup>5</sup>)
:: 8 - 3 = 5
The same procedure can be applied to any transition metal complex. For example, consider the complex [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. Because ammonia is a neutral ligand, Cu is in the 2+ oxidation state. Copper (II), in group 11 of the periodic table has 11 electrons in its valence shell, minus two, leaving it with 9 d-electrons (3d<sup>9</sup>). In the neutral complex [Rh(OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>], Rh is in the +3 oxidation state and is in group 9, so the electron count is 4d<sup>6</sup>. Zinc(II) in group 12 would have 10 d-electrons in [Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, a full shell, and manganese (VII) has zero d-electrons in MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>. Nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>, contains the neutral CO ligand and Ni in the zero oxidation state. Since Ni is in group 10, we count the electrons on Ni as 3d<sup>10</sup>.
A frequent source of confusion about electron counting is the fate of the s-electrons on the metal. For example, our electron counting rules predict that Ti is 3d<sup>1</sup> in the octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. But the electronic configuration of a free Ti atom, according to the Aufbau principle, is 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>2</sup>. Why is the Ti<sup>3+</sup> ion 3d<sup>1</sup> and not 4s<sup>1</sup>? Similarly, why do we assign Mn<sup>2+</sup> as 3d<sup>5</sup> rather than 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>3</sup>? The short answer is that the metal s orbitals are higher in energy in a metal complex than they are in the free atom because they have antibonding character. We will justify this statement with a MO diagram in Section 5.2.
<br><br>
[[w:Covalent_bond_classification_method|'''Covalent Bond Classification (CBC) Method''']]. Although the electron counting rule we have developed above is useful and works reliably for all kinds of complexes, the assignment of all the shared electrons in the complex to the ligands does not always represent the true bonding picture. This picture would be most accurate in the case of ligands that are much more electronegative than the metal. But in fact, there all all kinds of ligands, including those such as H, alkyl, cyclopentadienide, and others where the metal and ligand have comparable electronegativity. In those cases, especially with late transition metals that are relatively electronegative, we should regard the metal-ligand bond as covalent. The CBC method, also referred to as LXZ notation, was introduced in 1995 by [[w:Malcolm Green (chemist)|M. L. H. Green]]<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022328X9500508N | doi=10.1016/0022-328X(95)00508-N | volume=500 | title=A new approach to the formal classification of covalent compounds of the elements | year=1995 | journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry | pages=127–148 | last1 = Green | first1 = M.L.H.}}</ref> in order to better describe the different kinds of metal-ligand bonds. The molecular orbital pictures below summarize the difference between L, X, and Z ligands.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/parkin/cbc.htm The CBC Method,] Parkin group, Columbia University.</ref> Of these, L and X are the most common types.
[[file:CBC_scheme.png|center]]
'''L-type ligands''' are Lewis bases that donate two electrons to the metal center regardless of the electron counting method being used. These electrons can come from lone pairs, pi or sigma donors. The bonds formed between these ligands and the metal are dative covalent bonds, which are also known as coordinate bonds. Examples of this type of ligand include CO, PR<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, carbenes (=CRR'), and alkenes.
[[File:Cyclopentadiene.png|thumb|Cp|75px]][[File:Ferroceen.png|right|thumb|Ferrocene|75px]]'''X-type ligands''' are those that donate one electron to the metal and accept one electron from the metal when using the neutral ligand method of electron counting, or donate two electrons to the metal when using the donor pair method of electron counting.<ref>Crabtree, Robert. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals:4th edition. Wiley-Interscience, 2005
</ref> Regardless of whether it is considered neutral or anionic, these ligands yield normal covalent bonds. A few examples of this type of ligand are H, CH<sub>3</sub>, halogens, and NO (bent).
'''Z-type ligands''' are those that accept two electrons from the metal center as opposed to the donation occurring with the other two types of ligands. However, these ligands also form dative covalent bonds like the L-type. This type of ligand is not usually used, because in certain situations it can be written in terms of L and X. For example, if a Z ligand is accompanied by an L type, it can be written as X<sub>2</sub>. Examples of these ligands are Lewis acids, such as BR<sub>3</sub>.
<br><br>
Some multidentate ligands can act as a combination of ligand types. A famous example is the cyclopentadienyl (or Cp) ligand, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>. We would classify this neutral ligand as [L<sub>2</sub>X], with the two L functionalities corresponding to the two “olefinic” fragments while the X functionality corresponds to the CH “radical” carbon in the ring. The addition of one electron makes the Cp<sup>-</sup> anion, which has six pi electrons and is thus planar and aromatic. In the ferrocene complex, Cp<sub>2</sub>Fe, using the "standard" donor pair counting method we can regard the two Cp<sup>-</sup> ligands as each possessing six pi electrons, and by difference Fe is in the +2 oxidation state. The Fe<sup>2+</sup> ion is d<sup>6</sup>. Thus the iron atom in the complex (regardless of the counting method) has 6+6+6=18 electrons in its coordination environment, which is a particularly stable electron count for transition metal complexes.
==  5.2 Crystal field theory==
[[w:crystal_field_theory|Crystal field theory]] is one of the simplest models for explaining the structures and properties of transition metal complexes. The theory is based on the electrostatics of the metal-ligand interaction, and so its results are only approximate in cases where the metal-ligand bond is substantially covalent. But because the model makes effective use of molecular symmetry, it can be surprisingly accurate in describing the magnetism, colors, structure, and relative stability of metal complexes.
<br />
Consider a positvely charged metal ion such as Fe<sup>3+</sup> in the "field" of six negatively charged ligands, such as CN<sup>-</sup>. There are two energetic terms we need to consider. The first is the '''electrostatic attraction''' between the metal and ligands, which is inversely proportional to the distance between them:
::<math>
E_{elec} = {1\over4\pi\varepsilon_0}\sum_{ligands}{q_Mq_L\over r_{ML}}
</math>
The second term is the '''repulsion''' that arises from the Pauli exclusion principle when a third electron is added to a filled orbital. There is no place for this third electron to go except to a higher energy antibonding orbital. This is the situation when a ligand lone pair approaches an occupied metal d-orbital:
::[[file:ligand-repulsion.png|130px|left]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[file:crystal-field.png|left|thumb|500px|A Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion has five d-electrons, one in each of the five d-orbitals. In a spherical ligand field, the energy of electrons in these orbitals rises because of the repulsive interaction with the ligand lone pairs. The orbitals split into two energy levels when the ligands occupy the vertices of an octahedron, but the average energy remains the same.]]
Now let us consider the effect of these attractive and repulsive terms as the metal ion and ligands are brought together. We do this in two steps, first forming a ligand "sphere" around the metal and then moving the six ligands to the vertices of an octahedron. Initially all five d-orbitals are degenerate, i.e., they have the same energy by symmetry. In the first step, the antibonding interaction drives up the energy of the orbitals, but they remain degenerate. In the second step, the d-orbitals split into two symmetry classes, a lower energy, triply-degenerate set (the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals) and a higher energy, doubly degenerate set (the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals).<br />
<br />
The '''energy difference''' between the e<sub>g</sub> and t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals is given the symbol '''Δ<sub>O</sub>''', where the "O" stands for "octahedral." We will see that this splitting energy is sensitive to the degree of orbital overlap and thus depends on both the metal and the ligand. Relative to the midpoint energy (the '''barycenter'''), the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals are stabilized by 2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> and the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals are destabilized by 3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> in an octahedral complex.
[[File:d-orbital-splitting.png|thumb|left|d-orbitals and their orientation with relation to ligands in an octahedral complex.]]
{{clr}}
What causes the d-orbitals to split into two sets? Recall that the d-orbitals have a specific orientation with respect to the Cartesian axes. The lobes of the d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>xz</sub>, and d<sub>yz</sub> orbitals (the '''t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals''') lie in the xy-, xz-, and yz-planes, respectively. These three d-orbitals have '''nodes''' along the x-, y-, and z-directions. The orbitals that contain the ligand lone pairs are oriented along these axes and therefore have '''zero overlap with the metal t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals'''. It is easy to see that these three d-orbitals must be degenerate by symmetry. On the other hand, the lobes of the d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> and d<sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub> orbitals (the '''e<sub>g</sub> orbitals''') point directly along the bonding axes and have strong overlap with the ligand orbitals. While it is less intuitively obvious, these orbitals are also degenerate by symmetry and have antibonding character.
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<br />
It is informative to compare the results of '''crystal field theory''' and '''molecular orbital theory''' (also called [[w:ligand_field_theory|'''ligand field theory''']] in this context) for an octahedral transition metal complex. The energy level diagrams below make this comparison for the d<sup>1</sup> octahedral ion [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. In the MO picture at the right, the frontier orbitals are derived from the metal d-orbitals. The lower t<sub>2g</sub> set, which contains one electron, is non-bonding by symmetry, and the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals are antibonding. The metal 4s orbital, which has a<sub>1g</sub> symmetry, makes a low energy bonding combination that is ligand-centered, and an antibonding combination that is metal-centered and above the e<sub>g</sub> levels. This is the reason that our d-electron counting rules do not need to consider the metal 4s orbital. The important take-home message is that crystal field theory and MO theory give '''very similar results''' for the frontier orbitals of transition metal complexes.
[[Image:LFTi(III).png|thumb|400px|Ligand-field diagram for the octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>]. Note that this diagram considers only sigma bonding between the metal ion and the water ligands. For cases in which π-bonding can occur (see Section 5.4), the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals are no longer strictly non-bonding.]]<br />
[[File:d1-octahedral-crystal-field.png|300px|left|thumb|Crystal field energy diagram for the d<sup>1</sup> octahedral complex [Ti(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>.]]
{{clr}}
==  5.3 Spectrochemical series==
[[File:Cobalt(II)-nitrate-photo.jpg|290px|right]]
'''Strong and weak field ligands.''' The [[w:spectrochemical_series|spectrochemical series]] ranks ligands according the '''energy difference Δ<sub>O</sub>''' between the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals in their octahedral complexes. This energy difference is measured in the spectral transition between these levels, which often lies in the visible part of the spectrum and is responsible for the colors of complexes with partially filled d-orbitals. Ligands that produce a large splitting are called '''strong field''' ligands, and those that produce a small splitting are called '''weak field''' ligands.
<br />
An abbreviated [[w:spectrochemical_series|spectrochemical series]] is:
<br /><br />
'''Weak field''' I<sup>-</sup> < Br<sup>-</sup> < Cl<sup>-</sup> < NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> < F<sup>-</sup> < OH<sup>-</sup> < H<sub>2</sub>O < Pyridine < NH<sub>3</sub> < NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> < CN<sup>-</sup> < CO '''Strong field'''
[[file:weak-strong-field.png|300px|left|thumb|Water is a weak field ligand. The electronegative O atom is strongly electron-withdrawing, so there is poor orbital overlap between the electron pair on O and a metal d-orbital. The more electropositive C atom in the strong field ligand CN<sup>-</sup> allows better orbital overlap and sharing of the electron pair. Note that CN<sup>-</sup> typically coordinates metal ions through the C atom rather than the N atom.]][[File:Hexaaquacobalt(II)-nitrate-xtal-1973-unit-cell-CM-3D-balls.png|280px|thumb|Cobalt (II) complexes have different colors depending on the nature of the ligand. In crystals of the red compound cobalt(II) nitrate dihydrate, each cobalt ion is coordinated by six water molecules. The [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> cations and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> anions crystallize to make a salt. When the complex is dissolved in water, Co(II) retains its coordination shell of six water molecules and the solution has the same red color as the crystal.]]
'''Orbital overlap.''' Referring to the molecular orbital diagram above, we see that the splitting between d-electron levels reflects the antibonding interaction between the e<sub>g</sub> metal orbitals and the ligands. Thus, we expect ligand field strength to correlate with metal-ligand orbital overlap. Ligands that bind through very electronegative atoms such as '''O and halogens''' are thus expected to be '''weak field''', and ligands that bind through '''C or P''' are typically '''strong field'''. Ligands that bind through '''N''' are '''intermediate''' in strength. Another way to put this is that hard bases tend to be weak field ligands and soft bases are strong field ligands.
::'''Energy units.''' Energy can be calculated in a number of ways and it is useful to try to relate the splitting energy Δ<sub>O</sub> to more familiar quantities like bond energies.
::When Δ<sub>O</sub> is measured optically, a photon of wavelength λ is absorbed as an electron is promoted from a t<sub>2g</sub> to an e<sub>g</sub> orbital. The photon energy is related to its wavelength and frequency by:
:::E = hν = hc/λ = hc<math>\scriptstyle\tilde{\nu}</math>
::Here ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation, h is Planck's constant (6.626x10<sup>-34</sup> J*s), and c is the speed of light. <math>\scriptstyle\tilde{\nu}</math> is called the "wavenumber" and is the inverse of the wavelength, usually measured in cm<sup>-1</sup>. Energy gaps are often expressed by spectroscopists in terms of wavenumbers.
::For example, a red photon has a wavelength of about 620 nm and a wavenumber of about 16,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In other energy units, the same red photon has an energy of 2.0 eV (1 eV = 1240 nm) or 193 kJ/mol (1 eV = 96.5 kJ/mol). If we compare this to the dissociation energy of a carbon-carbon single bond (350 kJ/mol), we see that the C-C bond has about twice the energy of a red photon. We would need an ultraviolet photon (E > 350 kJ/mol = 3.6 eV = 345 nm = 29,000cm<sup>-1</sup>) to break a C-C bond.
<br />
We will see that Δ<sub>O</sub> varies widely for transition metal complexes, from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. Thus the energy difference between the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals can range between the energy of a rather weak to a rather strong covalent bond.
'''Δ<sub>O</sub> depends on both the metal and the ligand.''' We can learn something about trends in Δ<sub>O</sub> by comparing a series of d<sup>6</sup> metal complexes:
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Complex !! Δ<sub>O</sub> (cm<sup>-1</sup>)
|-
| [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> || <center>9,300</center>
|-
| [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> || <center>18,200</center>
|-
| [Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || <center>33,500</center>
|-
| [Rh(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> || <center>27,000</center>
|-
| [Rh(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || <center>45,500</center>
|}
'''Important trends in Δ<sub>O</sub>''':
: '''Co<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes have larger Δ<sub>O</sub> than '''Co<sup>2+</sup>''' complexes with the same ligand. This reflects the '''electrostatic''' nature of the crystal field splitting.
:'''Rh<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes have larger Δ<sub>O</sub> than '''Co<sup>3+</sup>''' complexes. In general, elements in the 2nd and 3rd transition series (the '''4d and 5d elements)''' have '''larger splitting''' than those in the 3d series.
:For a given metal in one oxidation state (e.g., Co<sup>3+</sup>), the trend in Δ<sub>O</sub> follows the '''spectrochemical series'''. Thus Δ<sub>O</sub> is larger for [Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, which contains the strong field CN<sup>-</sup> ligand, than it is for [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> with the weak field ligand H<sub>2</sub>O.<br /><br />
[[File:1g Osmiumtetroxid.jpg|200px|thumb|Both Os and Ru form volatile, molecular tetroxides MO<sub>4</sub>. OsO<sub>4</sub> is used in epoxidation reactions and as a stain in electron microscopy. In contrast, the highest binary oxide of iron is Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.]]
'''The 4d and 5d elements are similar in their size and their chemistry.''' In comparing Δ<sub>O</sub> values for complexes in the 3d, 4d, and 5d series (e.g., comparing elements in the triads Co,Rh,Ir or Fe,Ru,Os), we always find 3d << 4d ≲ 5d. This trend reflects the spatial extent of the d-orbitals and thus their overlap with ligand orbitals. The 3d orbitals are smaller, and they are less effective in bonding than the 4d or 5d. The 4d and 5d orbitals are similar to each other because of the [[w:lanthanide_contraction|lanthanide contraction]]. At the beginning of the 5d series (between <sup>56</sup>Ba and <sup>72</sup>Hf) are the fourteen lanthanide elements (<sup>57</sup>La - <sup>71</sup>Lu).
Although the valence orbitals of the 5d elements are in a higher principal quantum shell than those of the 4d elements, the addition of 14 protons to the nucleus in crossing the lanthanide series contracts the sizes of the atomic orbitals. The important result is that the '''valence orbitals of the 4d and 5d elements have similar sizes''' and thus the elements resemble each other in their chemistry much more than they resemble their cousins in the 3d series. For example, the chemistry of Ru is very similar to that of Os, as illustrated at the right, but quite different from that of Fe.
<br /><br />
'''Colors of transition metal complexes.''' A simple, qualitative way to see the relative crystal field splitting energy, Δ<sub>O</sub>, is to observe the color of a transition metal complex. The higher the energy of the absorbed photon, the larger the energy gap. However, the color a complex absorbs is '''complementary''' to the color it appears (i.e., the color of light it reflects), which is '''opposite''' the absorbed color on the color wheel. [[File:color_wheel_wavelengths.png|thumb|left|270px|alt=A color wheel.|Complementary colors are across the color wheel from each other.]]
'''Examples:''' (all d<sup>7</sup> Co<sup>2+</sup> complexes) <br />
[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> looks purple in its salts and in concentrated solution because it absorbs in the green range.
[Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is straw-colored because it absorbs in the blue range.
[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, looks red, absorbs in the violet and ultra-violet part of the spectrum. This is consistent with the idea that CN<sup>-</sup> is a stronger field ligand than NH<sub>3</sub>, because the energy of a UV photon is higher than that of a red-orange photon.
This method is applicable to most transition metal complexes, as the majority of them absorb somewhere in the visible range (400-700 nm = 25,000 to 14,300 cm<sup>-1</sup>), or have UV transitions that tail into the visible, making them appear yellow; however there are complexes such as [Rh(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> that appear colorless because their d-d transitions are in the ultraviolet. Other complexes such as [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup> are weakly colored because their d-d transitions involve a change in the spin state of the complex.
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<br />
<br /><br /><br />
==  5.4 π-bonding between metals and ligands==
[[file:d-pi-bonding.png|right|220px]]An important factor that contributes to the high ligand field strength of ligands such as CO, CN<sup>-</sup>, and phosphines is '''π-bonding''' between the metal and the ligand. There are three types of pi-bonding in metal complexes:
[[file:CO-backbonding.png|left|250px]]
The most common situation is when a ligand such as carbon monoxide or cyanide donates its sigma (nonbonding) electrons to the metal, while accepting electron density from the metal through overlap of a metal t<sub>2g</sub> orbital and a ligand π* orbital. This situation is called "'''[[w:pi_backbonding|back-bonding]]'''" because the ligand donates σ-electron density to the metal and the metal donates π-electron density to the ligand. The ligand is thus acting as a '''σ-donor and a π-acceptor.''' In π-backbonding, the metal donates π electrons to the ligand π* orbital, adding electron density to an ''antibonding'' molecular orbital. This results in weakening of the C-O bond, which is experimentally observed as lengthening of the bond (relative to free CO in the gas phase) and lowering of the C-O infrared stretching frequency.
'''d-d π bonding''' occurs when an element such phosphorus, which has a σ-symmetry lone pair and an empty 3d orbital, binds to a metal that has electrons in a t<sub>2g</sub> orbital. This is a common situation for phosphine complexes (e.g., triphenylphosphine) bound to low-valent, late transition metals. The backbonding in this case is analogous to the CO example, except that the acceptor orbital is a phosphorus 3d orbital rather than a ligand π* orbital. Here the phosphine ligand acts as a σ-donor and a π-acceptor, forming a dπ-dπ bond.
The third kind of metal-ligand π-bonding occurs when a '''π-donor ligand''' - an element with both a σ-symmetry electron pair and a filled orthogonal p-orbital - bonds to a metal, as shown above at the right for an O<sup>2-</sup> ligand. This occurs in early transition metal complexes. In this example, '''O<sup>2-</sup>''' is acting as both a '''σ-donor and a π-donor'''. This interaction is typically drawn as a metal-ligand multiple bond, e.g., the V=O bond in the [[w:vanadyl_ion|vanadyl]] cation [VO]<sup>2+</sup>. Typical π-donor ligands are oxide (O<sup>2-</sup>), nitride (N<sup>3-</sup>), imide (RN<sup>2-</sup>), alkoxide (RO<sup>-</sup>), amide (R<sub>2</sub>N<sup>-</sup>), and fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>). For late transition metals, strong π-donors form anti-bonding interactions with the filled d-levels, with consequences for spin state, redox potentials, and ligand exchange rates. π-donor ligands are low in the spectrochemical series.<ref>"Metal–Ligand Multiple Bonds: The Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Containing Oxo, Nitrido, Imido, Alkylidene, or Alkylidyne Ligands" W. A. Nugent and J. M. Mayer; Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1988.</ref>
[[Image:MetathesisROMPSchrock1993.svg|450px|left|thumb|A chiral Schrock catalyst polymerizes a norbornadiene derivative to a highly stereoregular isotactic polymer.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McConville | first1 = David H. | last2 = Wolf | first2 = Jennifer R. | last3 = Schrock | first3 = Richard R. | title = Synthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and all-cis highly tactic poly(2,3-(R)2norbornadiene) (R = CF<sub>3</sub> or CO<sub>2</sub>Me) | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 115 | issue=10 | pages = 4413–4414 | year = 1993 | doi = 10.1021/ja00063a090}}</ref>]][[Image:MetathesisGrubbs1992.svg|350px|thumb|Synthesis of a Grubbs olefin metathesis catalyst.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nguyen | first1 = Sonbinh T. | last2 = Johnson | first2 = Lynda K. | last3 = Grubbs | first3 = Robert H. | last4 = Ziller | first4 = Joseph W. | title = Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114 | issue=10 | pages = 3974–3975 | year = 1992 | doi = 10.1021/ja00036a053}}</ref>]]Carbon-containing ligands that are π-donors and their complexes with transition metal ions are very important in [[w:olefin_metathesis|'''olefin metathesis''']], a reaction in which carbon-carbon double bonds are interchanged. Using these catalysts, cyclic olefins can be transformed into linear polymers in high yield through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Catalysts of this kind were developed by the groups of Richard Schrock and Robert Grubbs, who shared the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Yves Chauvin for their discoveries. The Schrock catalysts are based on early transition metals such as Mo; they are more reactive but less tolerant of different organic functional groups and protic solvents than the Grubbs catalysts, which are based on Ru complexes.
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==  5.5 Crystal field stabilization energy, pairing, and Hund's rule==
The splitting of the d-orbitals into different energy levels in transition metal complexes has important consequences for their stability, reactivity, and magnetic properties. Let us first consider the simple case of the octahedral complexes [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>, where M = Ti, V, Cr. Because the complexes are octahedral, they all have the same energy level diagram:
[[file:M3+cfse.png|left|500px]] [[file:Cr2+cfse.png|270px]]
<br />
The Ti<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>, and Cr<sup>3+</sup> complexes have one, two and three d-electrons respectively, which fill the degenerate t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals singly. The spins align parallel according to Hund's rule, which states that the lowest energy state has the highest spin angular momentum.
<br />
For each of these complexes we can calculate a '''crystal field stabilization energy, CFSE''', which is the energy difference between the complex in its ground state and in a hypothetical state in which all five d-orbitals are at the energy barycenter.
:For Ti<sup>3+</sup>, there is one electron stabilized by 2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>, so CFSE = -(1)(2/5)(Δ<sub>O</sub>) = -2/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>.
:Similarly, CFSE = -4/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> and -6/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> for V<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup>, respectively.
<br />
For Cr<sup>2+</sup> complexes, which have four d-electrons, the situation is more complicated. Now we can have a high spin configuration (t<sup>2g</sup>)<sup>3</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>1</sup>, or a low spin configuration (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>4</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>0</sup> in which two of the electrons are paired. What are the energies of these two states?
<br />
:High spin: CFSE = (-3)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (1)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> = -3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>
:Low spin: CFSE = (-4)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + P = -8/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + P, where P is the '''pairing energy'''
:Energy difference = -8/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + P - (-3/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>) = '''-Δ<sub>O</sub> + P'''
<br />
The '''pairing energy P''' is the energy penalty for putting two electrons in the same orbital, resulting from the electrostatic repulsion between electrons. For 3d elements, a typical value of P is about 15,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>.
<br />
<br />
<big>The important result here is that a complex will be '''low spin''' if '''Δ<sub>O</sub> > P''', and '''high spin''' if '''Δ<sub>O</sub> < P'''.</big>
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Because Δ<sub>O</sub> depends on both the metals and the ligands, it determines the spin state of the complex.[[file:high-low-spin-Co2+.png|170px|right|thumb|d-orbital energy diagrams for high and low spin Co<sup>2+</sup> complexes, d<sup>7</sup>]]
Rules of thumb:
:'''3d''' complexes are '''high spin''' with '''weak field''' ligands and '''low spin''' with '''strong field''' ligands.
:'''High valent 3d''' complexes (e.g., Co<sup>3+</sup> complexes) tend to be '''low spin''' (large Δ<sub>O</sub>)
:'''4d and 5d''' complexes are '''always low spin''' (large Δ<sub>O</sub>)
Note that high and low spin states occur only for 3d metal complexes with between 4 and 7 d-electrons. Complexes with 1 to 3 d-electrons can accommodate all electrons in individual orbitals in the t<sub>2g</sub> set. Complexes with 8, 9, or 10 d-electrons will always have completely filled t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals and 2-4 electrons in the e<sub>g</sub> set.
<br />
'''Examples of high and low spin complexes:'''
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>] contains a d<sup>7</sup> metal ion with a weak field ligand. This complex is known to be high spin from magnetic susceptibility measurements, which detect three unpaired electrons per molecule. Its orbital occupancy is (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>5</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>2</sup>.
:We can calculate the CFSE as -(5)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (2)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> = -4/5 Δ<sub>O</sub>.
:[Co(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>4-</sup>] is also an octahedral d<sup>7</sup> complex but it contains CN<sup>-</sup>, a strong field ligand. Its orbital occupancy is (t<sub>2g</sub>)<sup>6</sup>(e<sub>g</sub>)<sup>1</sup> and it therefore has one unpaired electron.
:In this case the CFSE is -(6)(2/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + (1)(3/5)Δ<sub>O</sub> + 3P = -9/5 Δ<sub>O</sub> + 3P(For 3 paired electrons).
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'''Magnetism of transition metal complexes'''<br />
Compounds with '''unpaired electrons''' have an inherent magnetic moment that arises from the '''electron spin'''. Such compounds interact strongly with applied magnetic fields. Their [[w:Magnetic_susceptibility|'''magnetic susceptibility''']] provides a simple way to measure the number of unpaired electrons in a transition metal complex.
<br /><br />
If a transition metal complex has no unpaired electrons, it is [[w:diamagnetism|'''diamagnetic''']] and is weakly repelled from the high field region of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Complexes with unpaired electrons are typically [[w:paramagnetism|'''paramagnetic''']]. The spins in paramagnets align independently in an applied magnetic field but do not align spontaneously in the absence of a field. Such compounds are attracted to a magnet, i.e., they are drawn into the high field region of an inhomogeneous field. The attractive force, which can be measured with a [[w:Gouy_balance|'''Guoy balance''']] or a [[w:magnetometer|'''SQUID magnetometer''']], is proportional to the [[w:Magnetic_susceptibility|'''magnetic susceptibility''']] ('''χ''') of the complex.<br />
<br />
The effective '''magnetic moment''' of an ion ('''µ<sub>eff</sub>'''), in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, is given by the sum of its spin and orbital moments:
:'''µ<sub>eff</sub> = µ<sub>spin</sub> + µ<sub>orbital</sub> = µ<sub>s</sub> + µ<sub>L</sub>'''
In octahedral 3d metal complexes, the orbital angular momentum is largely "quenched" by symmetry, so we can approximate:
: '''µ<sub>eff</sub> ≈ µ<sub>s</sub>'''
We can calculate µ<sub>s</sub> from the number of unpaired electrons (n) using:
:<math>\mu_{eff}= \sqrt{n(n+2)} \mu_B</math>
Here µ<sub>B</sub> is the [[w:bohr_magneton|'''Bohr magneton''']] (= eh/4πm<sub>e</sub>) = 9.3 x 10<sup>-24</sup> J/T. This spin-only formula is a good approximation for first-row transition metal complexes, especially high spin complexes. The table below compares calculated and experimentally measured values of µ<sub>eff</sub> for octahedral complexes with 1-5 unpaired electrons.
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Ion!!Number of <br/>unpaired<br/>electrons!!Spin-only<br/> moment /μ<sub>B</sub>!!observed<br/>moment /μ<sub>B</sub>
|-
|Ti<sup>3+</sup> ||1||1.73||1.73
|-
|V<sup>4+</sup>||1 || ||1.68–1.78
|-
|Cu<sup>2+</sup> ||1 || ||1.70–2.20
|-
|V<sup>3+</sup>||2||2.83||2.75–2.85
|-
|Ni<sup>2+</sup>||2|| ||2.8–3.5
|-
|V<sup>2+</sup> ||3||3.87||3.80–3.90
|-
|Cr<sup>3+</sup> ||3|| ||3.70–3.90
|-
|Co<sup>2+</sup> ||3|| ||4.3–5.0
|-
|Mn<sup>4+</sup> ||3|| ||3.80–4.0
|-
|Cr<sup>2+</sup> ||4||4.90 ||4.75–4.90
|-
|Fe<sup>2+</sup> ||4 || ||5.1–5.7
|-
|Mn<sup>2+</sup> ||5||5.92 ||5.65–6.10
|-
|Fe<sup>3+</sup> ||5|| ||5.7–6.0
|}
The small deviations from the spin-only formula for these octahedral complexes can result from the neglect of orbital angular momentum or of spin-orbit coupling. Tetrahedral d<sup>3</sup>, d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>8</sup> and d<sup>9</sup> complexes tend to show larger deviations from the spin-only formula than octahedral complexes of the same ion because quenching of the orbital contribution is less effective in the tetrahedral case.<br />
'''Summary of rules for high and low spin complexes:'''[[file:CFSE_DH.png|right|300px]]
:'''3d complexes:''' Can be high or low spin, depending on the ligand (d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>5</sup>, d<sup>6</sup>, d<sup>7</sup>)
:'''4d and 5d complexes:''' Always low spin, because Δ<sub>O</sub> is large
: '''Maximum CFSE''' is for d<sup>3</sup> and d<sup>8</sup> cases (e.g., Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>) with weak field ligands (H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sup>2-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>,...) and for d<sup>3</sup>-d<sup>6</sup> with strong field ligands (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Ru<sup>2+</sup>, Os<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>3+</sup>, Rh<sup>3+</sup>, Ir<sup>3+</sup>,...)
:[[w:Irving–Williams_series|'''Irving-Williams series.''']] For M<sup>2+</sup> complexes, the stability of the complex follows the order Mg<sup>2+</sup> < Mn<sup>2+</sup> < Fe<sup>2+</sup> < Co<sup>2+</sup> < Ni<sup>2+</sup> < Cu<sup>2+</sup> > Zn<sup>2+</sup>. This trend represents increasing Lewis acidity as the ions become smaller (going left to right in the periodic table) as well as the trend in CFSE. This same trend is reflected in the hydration enthalpy of gas-phase M<sup>2+</sup> ions, as illustrated in the graph at the right. Note that Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which are d<sup>0</sup>, d<sup>5</sup>(high spin), and d<sup>10</sup> aquo ions, respectively, all have zero CFSE and fall on the same line. Ions that deviate the most from the line such as Ni<sup>2+</sup> (octahedral d<sup>8</sup>) have the highest CFSE.
<br />
[[File:Vanadiumoxidationstates.jpg|thumb|right|upright|From left: [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (lilac), [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (green), [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (blue) and [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (yellow).]]
'''Colors and spectra of transition metal complexes'''<br />
Transition metal complexes often have beautiful colors because, as noted above, their d-d transition energies can be in the visible part of the spectrum. With octahedral complexes these colors are faint (the transitions are weak) because they violate the [[w:Laporte_rule|Laporte selection rule]]. According to this rule, g -> g and u -> u transitions are forbidden in centrosymmetric complexes. d-orbitals have g (gerade) symmetry, so d-d transitions are Laporte-forbidden. However octahedral complexes can absorb light when they momentarily distort away from centrosymmetry as the molecule vibrates. Spin flips are also forbidden in optical transitions by the spin selection rule, so the excited state will always have the same spin multiplicity as the ground state.
<br />
<br />
The spectra of even the simplest transition metal complexes are rather complicated because of the many possible ways in which the d-electrons can fill the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. For example, if we consider a d<sup>2</sup> complex such as V<sup>3+</sup>(aq), we know that the two electrons can reside in any of the five d-orbitals, and can either be spin-up or spin-down. There are actually 45 different such arrangements (called '''microstates''') that do not violate the Pauli exclusion principle for a d<sup>2</sup> complex. Usually we are concerned only with the six of lowest energy, in which both electrons occupy individual orbitals in the t<sub>2g</sub> set and all their spins are aligned either up or down.<br /><br />
[[file:Cr(hexammine)3+.png|300px|left|thumb|The UV-visible spectrum of [Cr(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> shows two weak absorption bands, both corresponding to d-d transitions from the t<sub>2g</sub> to e<sub>g</sub> orbitals.]]
We can see how these microstates play a role in electronic spectra when we consider the d-d transitions of the [Cr(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> ion. This ion is d<sup>3</sup>, so each of the three t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals contains one unpaired electron. We expect to see a transition when one of the three electrons in the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals is excited to an empty e<sub>g</sub> orbital. Interestingly, we find not one but '''two''' transitions in the visible.<br />
<br />
The reason that we see two transitions is that the electron can come from any one of the t<sub>2g</sub> orbitals and end up in either of the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. Let us assume for the sake of argument that the electron is initially in the d<sub>xy</sub> orbital. It can be excited to either the d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> or the d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbital:
:d<sub>xy</sub> --> d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> (higher energy)
:d<sub>xy</sub> --> d<sub>x</sub><sub>2</sub><sub>-y</sub><sub>2</sub> (lower energy)
The first transition is at higher energy (shorter wavelength) because in the excited state the configuration is (d<sub>yz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>xz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small><sup>1</sup>). All three of the excited state orbitals have some z-component, so the d-electron density is "piled up" along the z-axis. The energy of this transition is thus increased by '''electron-electron repulsion'''. In the second case, the excited state configuration is (d<sub>yz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>xz</sub><sup>1</sup>d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small><sup>1</sup>), and the d-electrons are more symmetrically distributed around the metal. This effect is responsible for a splitting of the d-d bands by about 8,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We can show that all other possible transitions are equivalent to one of these two by symmetry, and hence we see only two visible absorption bands for Cr<sup>3+</sup> complexes.
==  5.6 Non-octahedral complexes==
[[File:octa-to-sq.png|left|600px|thumb|Crystal field energy diagram showing the transition from octahedral to square planar geometry]][[File:Cisplatin-3D-balls.png |right|170px|thumbnail|cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, a 5d<sup>8</sup> square planar complex]]The most important non-octahedral geometries for transition metal complexes are:
:'''4-coordinate:''' square planar and tetrahedral
:'''5-coordinate:''' square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal
[[File:Nci-vol-8173-300_barnett_rosenberg.jpg|right|170px|thumb|[[w:Barnett_Rosenberg|Barnett Rosenberg]] (Michigan State University) accidentally discovered the biological effects of square planar cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> while researching bacterial growth in electric fields.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Rosenberg B, Vancamp L, Trosco JE, Mansour VH | title = Platinum compounds - a new class of potent antitumour agents | journal = Nature | volume = 222 | issue = 5191 | pages = 385-386 | year = 1969 | doi = 10.1038/222385a0 }}</ref> The Pt electrode he used reacted with chloride and ammonium ions in the electrolyte to produce the compound at 1-10 ppm concentration. Further experiments revealed that the cis-isomer (but not the trans-isomer) is a potent anti-cancer drug which is especially effective against testicular cancer. The drug works by cross-linking guanine-cytosine rich regions of DNA, thus inhibiting cell division.]][[File:Geoffrey_Wilkinson_ca._1976.png|right|170px|thumb|Sir [[w:Geoffrey_Wilkinson|Geoffrey Wilkinson]], an inorganic chemist at Imperial College London, developed Wilkinson's catalyst in 1966. Earlier, as an Assistant Professor at Harvard University, he had elucidated the sandwich structure of [[w:ferrocene|ferrocene]],<ref>{{cite journal |author = G. Wilkinson, M. Rosenblum, M. C. Whiting, R. B. Woodward |title = The Structure of Iron Bis-Cyclopentadienyl |journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society |year = 1952|volume = 74 |pages = 2125–2126 |doi = 10.1021/ja01128a527 |issue = 8}}</ref> which had been discovered a few years before but not understood. Wilkinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1973 for his contributions to organometallic chemistry.]]
'''Energies of the d-orbitals in non-octahedral geometries.''' The figure at the left shows what happens to the d-orbital energy diagram as we progressively distort an octahedral complex by elongating it along the z-axis (a '''tetragonal distortion'''), by removing one of its ligands to make a '''square pyramid''', or by removing both of the ligands along the z-axis to make a '''square planar''' complex. In all cases, we keep the total bond order the same by making the bonds in the xy plane shorter as the bonds in the z-direction are stretched and/or broken.
<br />
<br />
The distortion away from octahedral symmetry breaks the degeneracy of the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> orbitals. d-orbitals with a z-axis component (d<sub>xz</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub>, d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small>) go down in energy as orbitals that reside in the xy plane (d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small>) rise in energy. The barycenter (the weighted average orbital energy) remains constant. Also, it is important to note that the splitting between the d<sub>xy</sub> and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals is constant at Δ<sub>O</sub> regardless of the nature of the distortion. In the square planar geometry, the energies of the d<sub>xz</sub> d<sub>yz</sub>, d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small>, d<sub>xy</sub>, and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals are -0.51, -0.40, +0.21, and +1.21 (in units of Δ<sub>O</sub>), respectively.
<br /><br />
Why would a "happy" octahedral complex want to lose two of its ligands to make a '''square planar''' complex? This occurs frequently in d<sup>8</sup> and sometimes in d<sup>9</sup> complexes with large Δ<sub>O</sub>, i.e., '''3d<sup>8</sup> complexes with strong field ligands and 4d<sup>8</sup>, 5d<sup>8</sup> complexes with any ligands'''. Examples of such d<sup>8</sup> complexes are [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, the anti-cancer drug cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), [Pd(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, and [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>. At the d<sup>8</sup> electron count, the lowest four orbitals are filled and the highest orbital (the d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small>) is empty, resulting in a large CFSE (2.4 Δ<sub>O</sub>, vs. 1.2 Δ<sub>O</sub> for octahedral d<sup>8</sup>). This difference of 1.2 Δ<sub>O</sub> more than offsets the pairing energy for 4d<sup>8</sup> and 5d<sup>8</sup> complexes, and for 3d<sup>8</sup> complexes with strong field ligands. These square planar complexes are diamagnetic and tend to be quite stable. With weak field ligands, 3d<sup>8</sup> complexes are octahedral and paramagnetic (e.g., [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, which has two unpaired electrons in the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals).<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Square planar complexes in catalysis:'''<br />
[[File:Catalitic cycle for hydrogenation with Wilkinson's catalyst.svg|left|400px]]Square planar d<sup>8</sup> complexes can be oxidized by two electrons to become octahedral (low spin) d<sup>6</sup> complexes, which also have a large CFSE. Because the loss of two electrons is accompanied by the gain of two ligands, this process is called '''oxidative addition'''. The reverse process is called '''reductive elimination.''' Both processes function together in catalytic cycles, such as the hydrogenation of olefins using [[w:Wilkinson's_catalyst|'''Wilkinson's catalyst''']].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Osborn, J. A.; Jardine, F. H.; Young, J. F.; Wilkinson, G.| title=The Preparation and Properties of Tris(triphenylphosphine)halogenorhodium(I) and Some Reactions Thereof Including Catalytic Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Olefins and Acetylenes and Their Derivatives| journal= Journal of the Chemical Society A | year = 1966 | pages = 1711–1732 | doi = 10.1039/J19660001711}}</ref><ref>"Tris(triphenylphosphine)halorhodium(I)" J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Volume 10, p. 67. DOI 10.1002/9780470132418.ch12</ref> The catalytic cycle is shown at the left.
<br />
The catalyst cycles between 4-coordinate Rh(I) (4d<sup>8</sup>) and 6-coordinate Rh(III) (4d<sup>6</sup>). The complex first adds H<sub>2</sub> oxidatively, to give a six-coordinate complex in which the hydrogen is formally H<sup>-</sup>. An olefin molecule displaces a solvent molecule, using its π-electrons to coordinate the metal. The complex rearranges by inserting the olefin into the metal-hydrogen bond, a process called '''migratory insertion'''. Finally, the complex returns to the square planar geometry by eliminating the hydrogenated olefin (reductive elimination). Wilkinson's catalyst is highly active and is widely used for homogeneous hydrogenation, hydroboration, and hydrosilation reactions.<ref>{{cite journal | author = D. A. Evans, G. C. Fu and A. H. Hoveyda | title = Rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydroboration of olefins. The documentation of regio- and stereochemical control in cyclic and acyclic systems | year = 1988 | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 110 | issue = 20 | pages = 6917–6918 | doi=10.1021/ja00228a068}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = I. Ojima, T. Kogure | journal = Tetrahedron Lett. | year = 1972 | volume = 13 | issue = 49 | pages = 5035–5038 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)85162-5 | title = Selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated terpene carbonyl compounds using hydrosilane-rhodium(I) complex combinations}}</ref> With chiral phosphine ligands, the catalyst can hydrogenate prochiral olefins to give enantiomerically pure products.<ref>{{cite journal | author = W. S. Knowles | title = Asymmetric Hydrogenations (Nobel Lecture 2001) | journal = Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis | year = 2003 | volume = 345 | issue = 12 | pages = 3–13 | doi = 10.1002/adsc.200390028 }}</ref> With chiral tridentate ligands that occupy three of the four coordination sites of the square planar complex, very high yields of enantiometrically pure hydrogenation products can be produced. Analogous chiral Ir(I) complexes catalyze the hydrogenation of prochiral ketones to chiral primary alcohols, an important step in the production of many chiral pharmaceutical compounds.<ref>{{cite journal | author = J. Yu, J. Long, W. Wu., P. Xue, and X. Zhang | title = Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with Accessible and Modular Ferrocene-Based Amino-phosphine Acid (f-Ampha) Ligands | journal = Organic Letters | year = 2017 | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 690-693 | doi = 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03862 }}</ref>
<br />
[[File:Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-vdW.png|Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-vdW|right|200px]]
'''Linear ML<sub>2</sub> complexes.''' Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) ions form linear ML<sub>2</sub> complexes with both weak and strong field ligands. For example, air oxidation of gold or silver metal occurs in the presence of cyanide salts, forming [Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> or [Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, and this redox reaction is exploited in mining these precious metals. Insoluble Ag(I) compounds, e.g., AgCl, can be solubilized in ammonia solutions to make soluble linear complexes such as [Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
The linear coordination geometry arises from hybridization of s and d orbitals. For example, in the [Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> ion shown above, hybrids of the 5d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> and 6s orbitals each contain one electron and are directed along the z-axis, similar to the way in which p<sub>z</sub> and s orbitals are hybridized in molecules such as HC≡CH. In these linear complexes, the crystal field splits into three levels, with the filled d<sub>xy</sub> and d<sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub> orbitals lowest in energy, the filled d<sub>xz</sub> and d<sub>yz</sub> at intermediate energy, and the half-filled d<sub>z<sup>2</sup></sub> orbital highest. Back bonding between the d<sub>xz</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub> orbitals and CN<sup>-</sup> π* orbitals also occurs, further stabilizing the complex. <ref>M. De Santis et al., The Chemical Bond and s−d Hybridization in Coinage Metal(I) Cyanides, Inorg. Chem. 2019, 58, 11716−11729. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01694</ref><ref>N. Zhang, J. Kou, and C. Sun, Investigation on Gold–Ligand Interaction for Complexes from Gold Leaching: A DFT Study, Molecules 2023, 28, 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031508</ref>
==  5.7 Jahn-Teller effect==
[[File:Jahn-Teller effect.svg|left|250px|thumb|Jahn-Teller distortion of a d<sup>9</sup> octahedral transition metal complex. The tetragonal distortion lengthens the bonds along the z-axis as the bonds in the x-y plane become shorter. This change lowers the overall energy, because the two electrons in the d<sub>z2</sub> orbital go down in energy as the one electron in the d<sub>x2-y2</sub> orbital goes up.]] The '''Jahn–Teller effect''', sometimes also known as '''Jahn–Teller distortion''', describes the geometrical distortion of molecules and ions that is associated with certain electron configurations. This electronic effect is named after [[w:Hermann Arthur Jahn|Hermann Arthur Jahn]] and [[w:Edward Teller|Edward Teller]], who proved, using [[w:group theory|group theory]], that orbitally degenerate molecules ''cannot'' be stable.<ref>{{cite journal | author = [[w:Hermann Arthur Jahn|H. Jahn]] and [[w:Edward Teller|E. Teller]] | title = Stability of Polyatomic Molecules in Degenerate Electronic States. I. Orbital Degeneracy | year = 1937 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society A | volume = 161 | issue = 905 | pages = 220–235 | doi = 10.1098/rspa.1937.0142|bibcode = 1937RSPSA.161..220J }}</ref> The '''Jahn–Teller theorem''' essentially states that any non-linear molecule with a spatially [[w:degenerate energy level|degenerate]] electronic ground state will undergo a geometrical distortion that removes that degeneracy, because the distortion lowers the overall energy of the molecule.
<br />
We can understand this effect in the context of octahedral metal complexes by considering d-electron configurations in which the '''e<sub>g</sub>''' orbital set contains '''one or three electrons'''. The most common of these are high spin d<sup>4</sup> (e.g., CrF<sub>2</sub>) , low spin d<sup>7</sup> (e.g.,NaNiO<sub>2</sub>), and d<sup>9</sup> (e.g., Cu<sup>2+</sup>). If the complex can distort to break the symmetry, then one of the (formerly) degenerate e<sub>g</sub> orbitals will go down in energy and the other will go up. More electrons will occupy the lower orbital than the upper one, resulting in an overall lowering of the electronic energy. A similar distortion can occur in tetrahedral complexes when the t<sub>2</sub> orbitals are partially filled. Such geometric distortions that lower the electronic energy are said to be '''electronically driven'''. Similar electronically driven distortions occur in one-dimensional chain compounds, where they are called [[w:Peierls_transition|Peierls distortions]], and in two-dimensionally bonded sheets, where they are called [[w:charge_density_wave|charge density waves]].
<br /><br />
[[File:Hexaaquacopper(II)-3D-balls.png|thumb|right|200px|The Jahn–Teller effect is responsible for the tetragonal distortion of the hexaaquacopper(II) complex ion, [Cu(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, which might otherwise possess octahedral geometry. The two axial Cu−O distances are 2.38 Å, whereas the four equatorial Cu−O distances are ~1.95 Å.]]
[[File:Cu water.png|thumb|right|200px|The Cu(II) ion can also coordinate five water molecules in an elongated square pyramid with four Cu-Oeq bonds (2x1.98 Å and 2x1.95 Å) and a long Cu-Oax bond (2.35 Å). The four equatorial ligands are distorted from the mean equatorial plane by ± 17°.]]
The Jahn–Teller effect is most often encountered in octahedral complexes, especially six-coordinate copper(II) complexes.<ref>{{cite book | title = Metal-ligand bonding | author = Rob Janes and Elaine A. Moore | publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-85404-979-7 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=qsP7mmhqvj4C&pg=PA23&dq=%22Jahn-Teller+distortion%22 }}</ref> The ''d''<sup>9</sup> electronic configuration of this ion gives three electrons in the two degenerate ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals, leading to a doubly degenerate electronic ground state. Such complexes distort along one of the molecular fourfold axes (always labelled the ''z'' axis), which has the effect of removing the orbital and electronic degeneracies and lowering the overall energy. The distortion normally takes the form of elongating the bonds to the ligands lying along the ''z'' axis, but occasionally occurs as a shortening of these bonds instead (the Jahn–Teller theorem does not predict the direction of the distortion, only the presence of an unstable geometry). When such an elongation occurs, the effect is to lower the electrostatic repulsion between the electron-pair on the Lewis basic ligand and any electrons in orbitals with a ''z'' component, thus lowering the energy of the complex. If the undistorted complex would be expected to have an inversion center, this is preserved after the distortion.
<br />
<br />
In octahedral complexes, the Jahn–Teller effect is most pronounced when an odd number of electrons occupy the ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals. This situation arises in complexes with the configurations ''d''<sup>9</sup>, low-spin ''d''<sup>7</sup> or high-spin ''d''<sup>4</sup> complexes, all of which have doubly degenerate ground states. In such compounds the ''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals involved in the degeneracy point directly at the ligands, so distortion can result in a large energetic stabilization. Strictly speaking, the effect also occurs when there is a degeneracy due to the electrons in the ''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals (''i.e.'' configurations such as ''d''<sup>1</sup> or ''d''<sup>2</sup>, both of which are triply degenerate). In such cases, however, the effect is much less noticeable, because there is a much smaller lowering of repulsion on taking ligands further away from the ''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals, which do not point ''directly'' at the ligands (see the table below). The same is true in tetrahedral complexes (e.g. manganate ([MnO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, d<sup>1</sup>): the distortion is very subtle because there is less stabilization to be gained when the ligands are not pointing directly at the orbitals.
The expected effects for octahedral coordination are given in the following table:
<div align=center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Jahn–Teller effect
! Number of d electrons !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! colspan="2" | 4 !! colspan="2" | 5 !! colspan="2" | 6 !! colspan="2" | 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! High/Low Spin !! !! !! !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! HS !! LS !! !! !!
|-
!Strength of J-T Effect
| style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | w || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" | || style="width:20px" | s || style="width:20px" |
|-
|}
</div>
w: weak Jahn–Teller effect (''t<sub>2g</sub>'' orbitals unevenly occupied)
s: strong Jahn–Teller effect expected (''e<sub>g</sub>'' orbitals unevenly occupied)
blank: no Jahn–Teller effect expected.
The Jahn–Teller effect is manifested in the UV-VIS absorbance spectra of some compounds, where it often causes splitting of bands. It is readily apparent in the structures of many copper(II) complexes.<ref>Patrick Frank, Maurizio Benfatto, Robert K. Szilagyi, Paola D'Angelo, Stefano Della Longa, and Keith O. Hodgson "The Solution Structure of [Cu(aq)]<sup>2+</sup> and Its Implications for Rack-Induced Bonding in Blue Copper Protein Active Sites" Inorganic Chemistry 2005, vol 44, pp 1922–1933. DOI 10.1021/ic0400639</ref> Additional, detailed information about the anisotropy of such complexes and the nature of the ligand binding can be obtained from the fine structure of the low-temperature electron spin resonance spectra.
<br /><br />
==  5.8 Tetrahedral complexes==
Tetrahedral complexes are formed with late transition metal ions (Co<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>) and some early transition metals (Ti<sup>4+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>), especially in situations where the ligands are large. In these cases the small metal ion cannot easily accommodate a coordination number higher than four. Examples of tetrahedal ions and molecules are [CoCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, [MnCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, and TiX<sub>4</sub> (X = halogen). Tetrahedral coordination is also observed in some oxo-anions such as [FeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, which exists as discrete anions in the salts Na<sub>4</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub> and Sr<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>, and in the neutral oxides RuO<sub>4</sub> and OsO<sub>4</sub>. The metal carbonyl complexes Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub> and Co(CO)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> are also tetrahedral.
<br />
<br />
[[file:tetrahedron-in-cube.png|300px|left]][[file:tetrahedral-cfse.png|right|200px]]The splitting of the d-orbitals in a tetrahedral crystal field can be understood by connecting the vertices of a tetrahedron to form a cube, as shown in the picture at the left. The tetrahedral M-L bonds lie along the body diagonals of the cube. The d<sub>z</sub><small>2</small> and d<sub>x</sub><small>2</small><sub>-y</sub><small>2</small> orbitals point along the cartesian axes, i.e., towards the faces of the cube, and have the least contact with the ligand lone pairs. Therefore these two orbitals form a low energy, doubly degenerate e set. The d<sub>xy</sub>, d<sub>yz</sub>, and d<sub>xz</sub> orbitals point at the edges of the cube and form a triply degenerate t<sub>2</sub> set. While the t<sub>2</sub> orbitals have more overlap with the ligand orbitals than the e set, they are still weakly interacting compared to the e<sub>g</sub> orbitals of an octahedral complex.
The resulting crystal field energy diagram is shown at the right. The splitting energy, Δ<sub>t</sub>, is about 4/9 the splitting of an octahedral complex formed with the same ligands. For 3d elements, Δ<sub>t</sub> is thus small compared to the pairing energy and their tetrahedral complexes are always high spin. Note that we have dropped the "g" subscript because the tetrahedron does not have a center of symmetry.
<br />
<br /><br /><br /><br />
Tetrahedral complexes often have '''vibrant colors''' because they '''lack the center of symmetry''' that forbids a d-d* transition. Because the low energy transition is allowed, these complexes typically absorb in the visible range and have extinction coefficients that are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the those of the corresponding octahedral complexes. An illustration of this effect can be seen in Drierite, which contains particles of colorless, anhydrous calcium sulfate (gypsum) that absorbs moisture from gases. The indicator dye in Drierite is cobalt (II) chloride, which is is a light pink when wet (octahedral) and deep blue when dry (tetrahedral). The reversible hydration reaction is:
:::::Co[CoCl<sub>4</sub>] + 12 H<sub>2</sub>O ⇌ 2 [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub>
::('''deep blue''', tetrahedral [CoCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>) ('''light pink''', octahedral [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>)
:[[File:Drierite indicateur cropped.jpg|left|Drierite Dry and Wet|450px]][[file:co-cfse.png|200px]]
<br />
<br />
==  5.9 Stability of transition metal complexes==
The crystal field stabilization energy ('''CFSE''') is an important factor in the stability of transition metal complexes. Complexes with high CFSE tend to be '''thermodynamically''' stable (i.e., they have high values of K<sub>a</sub>, the equilibrium constant for metal-ligand association) and are also '''kinetically''' inert. They are kinetically inert because ligand substitution requires that they ''dissociate'' (lose a ligand), ''associate'' (gain a ligand), or ''interchange'' (gain and lose ligands at the same time) in the transition state. These distortions in coordination geometry lead to a large '''activation energy''' if the CFSE is large, even if the product of the ligand exchange reaction is also a stable complex. For this reason, complexes of Pt<sup>4+</sup>, Ir<sup>3+</sup> (both low spin 5d<sup>6</sup>), and Pt<sup>2+</sup> (square planar 5d<sup>8</sup>) have very slow ligand exchange rates.
<br />
<br />
There are two other important factors that contribute to complex stability:
:'''Hard-soft interactions''' of metals and ligands (which relate to the '''energy''' of complex formation)
:The '''chelate effect''', which is an '''entropic''' contributor to complex stability.
<br />
'''Hard-soft interactions''' <br />
<u>Hard acids</u> are typically small, high charge density cations that are weakly polarizable such as H<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Be<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Ti<sup>4+</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. ''Electropositive metals'' in ''high oxidation states'' are typically hard acids. These elements are predominantly found in oxide minerals, because O<sup>2-</sup> is a hard base. <br />
Some <u>hard bases</u> include H<sub>2</sub>O, OH<sup>-</sup>, O<sup>2-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and NH<sub>3</sub>. <br />
The hard acid-base interaction is primarily '''electrostatic'''. Complexes of hard acids with hard bases are stable because of the electrostatic component of the CFSE.
<br />
<u>Soft acids</u> are large, polarizable, ''electronegative metal'' ions in ''low oxidation states'' such as Ni<sup>0</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>, and Au<sup>+</sup>.
<br />
<u>Soft bases</u> are anions/neutral bases such as H<sup>-</sup>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, CO, PR<sub>3</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>S, and CN<sup>-</sup>). Soft acids typically occur in nature as sulfide or arsenide minerals. <br />
<br />
The bonding between soft acids and soft bases is predominantly '''covalent'''. For example, metal carbonyls bind through a covalent interaction between a zero- or low-valent metal and neutral CO to form Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>, Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>, Co(CO)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub>, W(CO)<sub>6</sub>, and related compounds.
The preference for hard-hard and soft-soft interactions ("like binds like") is nicely illustrated in the properties of the copper halides:
::CuF '''CuI'''
: unstable stable
::'''CuF<sub>2</sub>''' CuI<sub>2</sub>
: stable unstable
The compounds CuF and CuI<sub>2</sub> have never been isolated, and are thermodynamically unstable to disproportionation:
:2 CuF(s) → Cu(s) + CuF<sub>2</sub>(s)
:2 CuI<sub>2</sub>(s) → 2 CuI(s) + I<sub>2</sub>(s)
We will learn more about quantifying the energetics of these compounds in Chapter 9.
==  5.10 Chelate and macrocyclic effects==
[[File:Me-EN.svg|thumb|130px|Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand that forms a five-membered ring in coordinating to a metal ion M]]Ligands that contain more than one binding site for a metal ion are called '''chelating''' ligands (from the Greek word χηλή, chēlē, meaning "claw"). As the name implies, chelating ligands have '''high affinity''' for metal ions relative to ligands with only one binding group (which are called monodentate = "single tooth") ligands.
<br />
Consider the two complexation equilibria in aqueous solution, between the cobalt (II) ion, Co<sup>2+</sup>(aq) and ethylenediamine (en) on the one hand and ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, on the other.
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 NH<sub>3</sub> ⇌ [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (1)
:[Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 3 en ⇌ [Co(en)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (2)
Electronically, the ammonia and en ligands are very similar, since both bind through N and since the Lewis base strengths of their nitrogen atoms are similar. This means that ΔH° must be very similar for the two reactions, since six Co-N bonds are formed in each case. Interestingly however, we observe that the equilibrium constant is ''100,000 times larger'' for the second reaction than it is for the first.
<br /><br />
The big difference between these two reactions is that the second one involves "condensation" of ''fewer particles'' to make the complex. This means that the '''entropy changes''' for the two reactions are different. The first reaction has a ΔS° value close to zero, because there are the same number of molecules on both sides of the equation. The second one has a positive ΔS° because four molecules come together but seven molecules are produced. The difference between them (ΔΔS°) is about +100 J/mol-K. We can translate this into a ratio of equilibrium constants using:
<br />
:K<sub>f</sub>(en)/K<sub>f</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>) = e<sup>-ΔΔG°/RT</sup> ≈ e<sup>+ΔΔS°/R</sup> ≈ e<sup>12</sup> ≈ 10<sup>5</sup>
<br />
[[File:EDTA.svg|thumbnail|left|170 px|Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid acid (EDTA), a hexadentate ligand]][[File:Heme_b.svg|180px|right|thumbnail|Heme b]]
The bottom line is that the chelate effect is '''entropy-driven'''. It follows that the more binding groups a ligand contains, the more positive the ΔS° and the higher the K<sub>f</sub> will be for complex formation. In this regard, the hexadentate ligand ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an optimal ligand for making octahedral complexes because it has six binding groups. In basic solutions where all four of the COOH groups are deprotonated, the '''chelate effect''' of the EDTA<sup>4-</sup> ligand is approximately 10<sup>15</sup>. This means, for a given metal ion, K<sub>f</sub> is 10<sup>15</sup> times larger for EDTA<sup>4-</sup> than it would be for the relevant monodentate ligands at the same concentration. EDTA<sup>4-</sup>tightly binds essentially any 2+, 3+, or 4+ ion in the periodic table, and is a very useful ligand for both analytical applications and separations.
The '''macrocyclic effect''' follows the same principle as the chelate effect, but the effect is further enhanced by the cyclic conformation of the ligand. Macrocyclic ligands are not only multi-dentate, but because they are covalently constrained to their cyclic form, they allow less conformational freedom. The ligand is said to be "'''pre-organized'''" for binding, and there is little entropy penalty for wrapping it around the metal ion. For example heme b is a tetradentate cyclic ligand which is strongly complexes transition metal ions, including (in biological systems) Fe<sup>+2</sup>.
<br />
Some other common chelating and cyclic ligands are shown below: [[File:Acac.png|right|300px]]
[[File:Jacqueline Barton AIC Gold Medal 2015.jpg|170px|left|thumb|[[w:Jacqueline_Barton|Prof. Jacqueline Barton]] (Caltech) has used metal polypyridyl complexes to study electron transfer reactions that are implicated in the biological sensing and repair of damage in DNA molecules.]]'''Acetylacetonate''' (acac<sup>-</sup>, right) is an anionic bidentate ligand that coordinates metal ions through two oxygen atoms. Acac<sup>-</sup> is a hard base so it prefers hard acid cations. With divalent metal ions, acac<sup>-</sup> forms neutral, volatile complexes such as Cu(acac)<sub>2</sub> and Mo(acac)<sub>2</sub> that are useful for [[w:Chemical_vapor_deposition|chemical vapor deposition]] (CVD) of metal thin films.
'''2,2'-Bipyridine''' and related bidentate ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline (below, center left) form propeller-shaped complexes with metals such as Ru<sup>2+</sup>. The [[w:Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)_chloride|[Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>]] complex (below left) is photoluminescent and can also undergo photoredox reactions, making it an interesting compound for both photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis. The chiral propellor shapes of metal polypyridyl complexes such as [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> coincidentally match the size and helicity of the major groove of DNA. This has led to a number of interesting studies of electron transfer reactions along the DNA backbone, initiated by photoexcitation of the metal complex.
<br><br>
'''Crown ethers''' such as 18-crown-6 (below, center right) are cyclic hard bases that can complex alkali metal cations. Crowns can selectively bind Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, or K<sup>+</sup> depending on the number of ethylene oxide units in the ring.
:The chelating properties of crown ethers are mimetic of the natural antibiotic '''valinomycin''' (below right), which selectively transports K<sup>+</sup> ions across bacterial cell membranes, killing the bacterium by dissipating its membrane potential. Like crown ethers, valinomycin is a cyclic hard base.
:::: [[File:Trisbipyridylruthenium structure.jpg|130px]] [[File:1,10-phenanthroline.svg|150px]] [[File:18-crown-6.png|120px]] [[File:Valinomycin.svg|180px]]
==  5.11 Ligand substitution reactions==
Transition metal complexes can exchange one ligand for another, and these reactions are important in their synthesis, stereochemistry, and catalytic chemistry. The mechanisms of chemical reactions are intimately connected to reaction kinetics. As in organic chemistry, the mechanisms of transition metal reactions are typically inferred from experiments that examine the concentration dependence of the incoming and outgoing ligands on the reaction rate, the detection of intermediates, and the stereochemistry of the reactants and products.
<br><br>
'''Thermodynamic vs. kinetics.''' When we think about the reactions of transition metal complexes, it is important to recall the distinction between their ''thermodynamics'' and ''kinetics''. Take for example the formation of the square planar tetracyanonickelate complex:
<br><br>
::Ni<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 4 CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (aq) K<sub>eq</sub> ≈ 10<sup>30</sup> M<sup>-4</sup>
<br>
Thermodynamically, [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> is very '''stable''', meaning that the equilibrium above lies very far to the right. Kinetically, however, the complex is '''labile''', meaning that it can exchange its ligands rapidly. For example the exchange between a <sup>13</sup>C labeled CN<sup>-</sup> ion and a bound CN<sup>-</sup> ligand occurs on the timescale of tens of milliseconds:
<br><br>
::[Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (aq) + *CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Ni(CN)<sub>3</sub>(*CN)]<sup>2-</sup> + CN<sup>-</sup>(aq) k<sub>exchange</sub> ≈ 10<sup>2</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>
<br>
Conversely, a compound can be thermodynamically '''unstable''' but kinetically '''inert''', meaning that it takes a relatively long time to react. For example, the [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> ion is unstable in acid, but its hydrolysis reaction with concentrated HCl takes about one week to go to completion at room temperature:
<br>[[File:Henry Taube - HD.3F.005 (11086397086).jpg|250 px|right|thumb|Henry Taube (Stanford University) received the 1983 Nobel Prize for his work on the electron transfer and ligand exchange reactions of transition metal complexes]]
:: [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq) ⇌ [Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) K<sub>eq</sub> ≈ 10<sup>30</sup>
<br>
Henry Taube, who studied the mechanisms of ligand exchange reactions in simple test tube experiments, classified transition metal complexes as '''labile''' if their reaction half-life was one minute or less, and '''inert''' if they took longer to react. The dynamic range of ligand substitution rates is enormous, spanning at least 15 orders of magnitude. On the timescale of most laboratory experiments, the Taube definition of lability is a useful one for classifying reactions into those that have low and high activation energies. As we will see, the '''crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE)''' plays a key role in determining the activation energy and therefore the rate of ligand substitution.
<br><br>
'''Crystal field stabilization energy and ligand exchange rates.''' Let's consider a very common and simple ligand exchange reaction, which is the substitution of one water molecule for another in an octahedral [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>n+</sup> complex. Since the products (except for the label) are the same as the reactants, we know that ΔG° = 0 and K<sub>eq</sub> = 1 for this reaction. The progress of the reaction can be monitored by NMR by using isotopically labeled water (typically containing <sup>17</sup>O or <sup>18</sup>O):
[[File:octahedral_complex_water_substitution.jpg|center|400px]]
The most striking thing about this (otherwise boring) reaction is the vast difference in rate constants - about 14 orders of magnitude - for different metal ions and oxidation states:
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! M<sup>n+</sup> !! log k (sec<sup>-1</sup>)
|-
|Cr<sup>3+</sup>||<center>-6</center>
|-
|V<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>-2</center>
|-
|Cr<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>8</center>
|-
|Cu<sup>2+</sup>|| <center>8</center>
|}</center>
[[file:cr3+CFSE.jpg|center|500px]]While at first it may seem strange that the same ion in two different oxidation states (Cr<sup>3+</sup> vs. Cr<sup>2+</sup>) would be inert or labile, respectively, we can begin to rationalize the difference by drawing d-orbital splitting diagrams for the complexes. What we find is that octahedral complexes that have '''high CFSE''' (Cr<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>2+</sup>) tend to be '''inert'''. Conversely, ions with electrons in high energy e<sub>g</sub> orbitals (Cr<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>) tend to be labile. In the case of Cr<sup>3+</sup> and V<sup>2+</sup>, the energy penalty for distorting the complex away from octahedral symmetry - to make, for example, a 5- or 7-coordinate intermediate - is particularly high. This activation energy for ligand substitution is lower for Cr<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>, which already have electrons in antibonding e<sub>g</sub> orbitals.
<br>
Based on the rules we developed for calculating the CFSE of transition metal complexes, we can now predict the trends in ligand substitution rates:
* Octahedral complexes with '''d<sup>3</sup>''' and '''d<sup>6</sup>(low spin)''' configurations, such as Cr<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>3</sup>), Co<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), Rh<sup>3+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), Ru<sup>2+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>), and Os<sup>2+</sup> (d<sup>6</sup>) tend to be '''substitution-inert''' because of their high CFSE.
* '''Square planar d<sup>8</sup>''' complexes, especially those in the 4d and 5d series, are also s'''ubstitution-inert'''. Examples are complexes of Pd<sup>2+</sup>, Pt<sup>2+</sup>, and Au<sup>3+</sup>.
* Intermediate cases are complexes of Fe<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and of main group ions (Be<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>) that are hard Lewis acids. These complexes make strong metal-oxygen bonds and have water exchange rates in the range of 10<sup>1</sup>-10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
* '''Ions with zero CFSE''' exchange water molecules on a timescale of nanoseconds (k ≈ 10<sup>8</sup>-10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). These include ions with d<sup>0</sup>, d<sup>5</sup> (high spin), and d<sup>10</sup> electron counts, including alkali metal (Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>) and alkali earth (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>) cations, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. In these cases the CFSE is zero and the energetic cost of breaking octahedral symmetry is relatively low.
* For p-block elements, faster exchange occurs with larger ions (e.g., Ba<sup>2+</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Ga<sup>3+</sup> > Al<sup>3+</sup>), because Lewis acid strength decreases with increasing ion size.
* The Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion (d<sup>9</sup>), as a '''Jahn-Teller ion''', is already distorted away from octahedral symmetry and is therefore quite '''labile''', exchanging water ligands at a rate of about 10<sup>8</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
<br>
'''Ligand Substitution Mechanisms.''' For an ML<sub>n</sub> complex undergoing ligand substitution, there are essentially three different reaction mechanisms:
<br><br>
* In the '''dissociative mechanism''', a ML<sub>n</sub> complex first '''loses a ligand''' to form an ML<sub>n-1</sub> intermediate, and the incoming ligand Y reacts with the ML<sub>n-1</sub> fragment:
<br>
::L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M-L* ⇌ L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M- + L* ⇌ L<sub>(n-1)</sub>M-Y
<br>
This mechanism is illustrated below for ligand substitution on an octahedral ML<sub>6</sub> complex. The intermediate state in this example involves a trigonal bipyramidal ML<sub>5</sub> fragment as well as free L and Y ligands.
[[File:dissociative_substitution.gif|450px|right|thumb|Illustration of the dissociative ligand substitution mechanism for an ML<sub>6</sub> complex. The reaction energy profile is shown at the right.]]If the rate determining step is the dissociation of L from the complex, then the concentration of Y does not affect the rate of reaction, leading to the first-order rate law:
<br>
::Rate = k<sub>1</sub>[ML<sub>n</sub>]
In the case of an octahedral complex, this reaction would be first order in ML<sub>6</sub> and zero order in Y, but only if the highest energy transition state is the one that precedes the formation of the ML<sub>5</sub> intermediate. If the two transition states are close in energy (as in the case of the animation at the right), then the rate law becomes more complicated. In this case, we can simplify the problem by assuming a low steady-state concentration of the ML<sub>n</sub> intermediate. The resulting rate law is:
::<math chem>\ce{Rate} = \frac{k_1 k_2[\ce Y][\ce{ML_\mathit{n}}]}{{k_{-1}[\ce L]}+k_2[\ce Y]}</math>
which reduces to the simpler first-order rate law when k<sub>2</sub>[Y] >> k<sub>-1</sub>[L]. Because the formation of the transition state involves dissociation of a ligand, the entropy of activation is always positive in the dissociative mechanism.
<br><br>
* In the '''associative mechanism''', the incoming ligand Y attacks the ML<sub>n</sub> complex, transiently forming an ML<sub>n</sub>Y intermediate, and the intermediate then loses a ligand L forming the ML<sub>n-1</sub>Y product.
Complexes that undergo associative substitution are typically either coordinatively unsaturated or contain a ligand that can change its bonding to the metal, e.g. a change in the hapticity or bending of a nitric oxide ligand (NO). In homogeneous catalysis, the associative pathway is desirable because the binding event, and hence the selectivity of the reaction, depends not only on the nature of the metal catalyst but also on the molecule that is involved in the catalytic cycle.
[[File:Berry_pseudorotation.gif|200 px|right|thumb|Berry pseudorotation mechanism]]Examples of associative mechanisms are commonly found in the chemistry of d<sup>8</sup> square planar metal complexes, e.g. [[w:Vaska's_complex|Vaska's complex]] (IrCl(CO)[P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>) and tetrachloroplatinate(II). These compounds (ML<sub>4</sub>) bind the incoming (substituting) ligand Y to form pentacoordinate intermediates ML<sub>4</sub>Y, which in a subsequent step dissociate one of their ligands. Although the incoming ligand is initially bound at an equatorial site, the [[w:Berry_mechanism|Berry pseudorotation]] provides a low energy pathway for all ligands to sample both the equatorial and axial sites. Ligand dissociation must occur from an equatorial site according to the [[w:principle of microscopic reversibility|principle of microscopic reversibility]]. Dissociation of Y results in no reaction, but dissociation of L results in net substitution, yielding the d<sup>8</sup> complex ML<sub>3</sub>Y. The first step is typically rate determining. Thus, the entropy of activation is negative, which indicates an increase in order in the transition state. Associative reactions follow second order kinetics: the rate of the appearance of product depends on the concentration of both ML<sub>4</sub> and Y.
[[File:AssveRxn.png|520px|center]]
'''The Trans Effect''', which is connected with the associative mechanism, controls the stereochemistry of certain ligand substitution reactions.
<br><br>
The trans effect refers to the labilization (making more reactive) of ligands that are '''trans''' to certain other ligands, the latter being referred to as '''trans-directing ligands'''. The labilization of trans ligands is attributed to electronic effects and is most notable in square planar complexes, but it can also be observed with octahedral complexes.<ref name=coe>Coe, B. J.; Glenwright, S. J. Trans-effects in octahedral transition metal complexes. ''Coordination Chemistry Reviews'' '''2000''', ''203'', 5-80.</ref> The [[w:cis effect|cis effect]] is most often observed in octahedral complexes.
In addition to the ''kinetic trans effect'', trans ligands also have an influence on the ground state of the molecule, the most notable ones being bond lengths and stability. Some authors prefer the term '''trans influence''' to distinguish this from the kinetic effect,<ref name=crabtree>{{Cite book | author = [[w:Robert H. Crabtree|Robert H. Crabtree]] | title = The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals | year = 2005 | edition = 4th | isbn = 0-471-66256-9 | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | location = New Jersey}}</ref> while others use more specific terms such as '''structural trans effect''' or '''thermodynamic trans effect'''.<ref name=coe/>
The discovery of the trans effect is attributed to [[w:Ilya Ilich Chernyaev|Ilya Ilich Chernyaev]],<ref>Kauffmann, G. B. I'lya I'lich Chernyaev (1893-1966) and the Trans Effect. ''J. Chem. Educ.'' '''1977''', ''54'', 86-89.</ref> who recognized it and gave it a name in 1926.<ref>Chernyaev, I. I. The mononitrites of bivalent platinum. I. ''Ann. inst. platine'' (USSR) '''1926''', ''4'', 243-275.</ref>
<br><br>
The intensity of the trans effect (as measured by the increase in the rate of substitution of the trans ligand) follows this sequence:
:[[w:fluoride|F<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:water (molecule)|H<sub>2</sub>O]], [[w:hydroxide|OH<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]] < [[w:pyridine|py]] < [[w:chloride|Cl<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:bromide|Br<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:iodide|I<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:thiocyanate|SCN<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:nitrite|NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>]], [[w:thiourea|SC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]], [[w:phenyl|Ph<sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:sulfite|SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] < [[w:phosphine|PR<sub>3</sub>]], [[w:arsine|AsR<sub>3</sub>]], [[w:thioether|SR<sub>2</sub>]], [[w:methyl|CH<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]] < [[w:hydride|H<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:nitric oxide|NO]], [[w:carbon monoxide|CO]], [[w:cyanide|CN<sup>−</sup>]], [[w:ethylene|C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]]
Note that weak field ligands tend to be poor trans-directing ligands, whereas strong field ligands are strongly trans-directing.
<br><br>
The classic example of the trans effect is the synthesis of [[w:cisplatin|cisplatin]] and its [[w:Trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)|trans isomer]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=''cis''- and ''trans''-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)|journal=Inorg. Synth.|volume=7|year=1963|author=George B. Kauffman, Dwaine O. Cowan|pages=239–245|doi=10.1002/9780470132388.ch63}}</ref> Starting from PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, the first NH<sub>3</sub> ligand is added to any of the four equivalent positions at random. However, since Cl<sup>−</sup> has a greater trans effect than NH<sub>3</sub>, the second NH<sub>3</sub> is added trans to a Cl<sup>−</sup> and therefore cis to the first NH<sub>3</sub>.
:[[File:Synthesis Cisplatin (trans effect).svg|frameless|upright=3.0|Synthesis of cisplatin using the trans effect]]
If, on the other hand, one starts from Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup>, the ''trans'' product is obtained instead:
:[[File:Synthesis Transplatin (trans effect).svg|frameless|upright=3.0|Synthesis of transplatin using the trans effect]]
The trans effect in square complexes can be explained in terms of the associative mechanism, described above, which goes through a trigonal bipyramidal intermediate. Ligands with a high kinetic trans effect are in general those with high π acidity (as in the case of phosphines) or low-ligand lone-pair–d<sub>π</sub> repulsions (as in the case of hydride), which prefer the more π-basic equatorial sites in the intermediate. The second equatorial position is occupied by the incoming ligand. The third and final equatorial site is occupied by the departing trans ligand, so the net result is that the kinetically favored product is the one in which the ligand trans to the one with the largest trans effect is eliminated.<ref name=crabtree />
<br>
<br>
* The '''interchange mechanism''' is similar to the associative and dissociative pathways, except that no distinct ML<sub>n</sub>Y or ML<sub>n-1</sub> intermediate is formed. This concerted mechanism can be thought of as analogous to nucleophilic substitution via the S<sub>N</sub>2 pathway at a tetrahedral carbon atom in organic chemistry. The interchange mechanism is further classified as associative (''I''<sub>a</sub>) or dissociative (''I''<sub>d</sub>) depending on the relative importance of M-Y and M-L bonding in the transition state. If the transition state is characterized by the formation of a strong M-Y bond, then the mechanism is ''I''<sub>a</sub>. Conversely, if weakening of the M-L bond is more important in reaching the transition state, then the mechanism is ''I''<sub>d</sub>.
An example of the ''I''<sub>a</sub> mechanism is the interchange of bulk and coordinated water in [V(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. In contrast, the slightly more compact ion [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ion exchanges water via the ''I''<sub>d</sub> mechanism.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Lothar |last=Helm |first2=André E. |last2=Merbach |title=Inorganic and Bioinorganic Solvent Exchange Mechanisms |journal=Chem. Rev. |year=2005 |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=1923–1959 |doi=10.1021/cr030726o |pmid=15941206}}</ref>
<br>
'''Effects of ion pairing.''' Highly charged cationic complexes tend to form ion pairs with anionic ligands, and these ion pairs often undergo reactions via the ''I''<sub>a</sub> pathway. The electrostatically held nucleophilic incoming ligand can exchange positions with a ligand in the first coordination sphere, resulting in net substitution. An illustrative process is the "anation" (reaction with an anion) of the chromium(III) hexaaquo complex:
::[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> + SCN<sup>−</sup> ⇌ {[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>], NCS}<sup>2+</sup>
::{[Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>], NCS}<sup>2+</sup> ⇌ [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>NCS]<sup>2+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O
<br>
==  5.12 f-Block element salts and coordination compounds==
[[File:Rareearthoxides.jpg|thumb|Lanthanide oxides: clockwise from top center: [[w:praseodymium|praseodymium]], [[w:cerium|ceruyn]], [[w:lanthanum|lanthanum]], [[w:neodymium|neodymium]], [[w:samarium|samarium]] and [[w:gadolinium|gadolinium]]]]The 4f and 5f block elements are called the [[w:lanthanide|lanthanides]] and [[w:actinide|actinides]], respectively. The chemistry of the lanthanides is dominated by the +3 oxidation state, and in Ln<sup>III</sup> compounds the 6s electrons and (usually) one 4f electron are lost and the ions have the configuration [Xe]4f<sup>(''n''−1)</sup>.<ref>{{cite web|author=Winter, Mark |url=http://www.webelements.com/lanthanum/atoms.html|title=Lanthanum ionisation energies|publisher=WebElements Ltd, UK|access-date=2 September 2010}}</ref> All the lanthanide elements exhibit the oxidation state +3. In addition, Ce<sup>3+</sup> can lose its single f electron to form Ce<sup>4+</sup> with the stable electronic configuration of xenon. Also, Eu<sup>3+</sup> can gain an electron to form Eu<sup>2+</sup> with the f<sup>7</sup> configuration that has the extra stability of a half-filled shell. Other than Ce(IV) and Eu(II), none of the lanthanides are stable in oxidation states other than +3 in aqueous solution.
In terms of reduction potentials, the Ln<sup>0/3+</sup> couples are nearly the same for all lanthanides, ranging from −1.99 (for Eu) to −2.35 V (for Pr). Thus these metals are highly reducing, with reducing power similar to alkaline earth metals such as Mg (−2.36 V).
====Ln(III) compounds====
The trivalent lanthanides mostly form ionic salts. The trivalent ions are hard acceptors and form more stable complexes with oxygen-donor ligands than with nitrogen-donor ligands. The larger ions are 9-coordinate in aqueous solution, [Ln(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>9</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> but the smaller ions are 8-coordinate, [Ln(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>. There is some evidence that the later lanthanides have more water molecules in the second coordination sphere.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burgess|first=J.|title=Metal ions in solution|publisher=Ellis Horwood|location= New York|year=1978|isbn=978-0-85312-027-8}}</ref> Complexation with monodentate ligands is generally weak because it is difficult to displace water molecules from the first coordination sphere. More stable complexes are formed with chelating ligands because of the [[w:chelate effect|chelate effect]], such as the tetra-anion derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid ([[w:DOTA (chelator)|DOTA]]).
:[[File:Lanthanide nitrates.png|thumb|750px|center|Samples of lanthanide nitrates in their hexahydrate form. From left to right: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.]]
{{-}}
====Ln(II) and Ln(IV) compounds====
The most common divalent derivatives of the lanthanides are for Eu(II), which achieves a favorable f<sup>7</sup> configuration. Divalent halide derivatives are known for all of the lanthanides. They are either conventional salts or are Ln(III) "electride"-like salts. The simple salts include YbI<sub>2</sub>, EuI<sub>2</sub>, and SmI<sub>2</sub>. The electride-like salts, described as Ln<sup>3+</sup>, 2I<sup>−</sup>, e<sup>−</sup>, include LaI<sub>2</sub>, CeI<sub>2</sub> and GdI<sub>2</sub>. Many of the iodides form soluble complexes with ethers, e.g. TmI<sub>2</sub>(dimethoxyethane)<sub>3</sub>.<ref name=Nief>{{cite journal|author=Nief, F. |title=Non-classical divalent lanthanide complexes|journal= Dalton Trans.|year= 2010|volume=39|issue=29|pages= 6589–6598|doi=10.1039/c001280g|pmid=20631944}}</ref> Samarium(II) iodide is a useful reducing agent. Ln(II) complexes can be synthesized by transmetalation reactions. The normal range of oxidation states can be expanded via the use of sterically bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands, in this way many lanthanides can be isolated as Ln(II) compounds.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=William J.|title=Tutorial on the Role of Cyclopentadienyl Ligands in the Discovery of Molecular Complexes of the Rare-Earth and Actinide Metals in New Oxidation States|journal=Organometallics|date=15 September 2016|volume=35|issue=18|pages=3088–3100|doi=10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00466|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Ce(IV) in ceric ammonium nitrate is a useful oxidizing agent. The Ce(IV) is the exception owing to the tendency to form an unfilled f shell. Otherwise tetravalent lanthanides are rare. However, recently Tb(IV)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Molecular Complex of Tb in the +4 Oxidation State< |author1=Palumbo, C.T. |author2=Zivkovic, I. |author3=Scopelliti, R. |author4=Mazzanti, M. |date=2019 |pages=9827–9831 |volume=141 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |doi=10.1021/jacs.9b05337 |pmid=31194529 |issue=25 |bibcode=2019JAChS.141.9827P |s2cid=189814301 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/268286/files/Palumbo%20ja-2019-05337d%20manuscriptR1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423040613/https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/268286/files/Palumbo%20ja-2019-05337d%20manuscriptR1.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rice|first1=Natalie T.|last2=Popov|first2=Ivan A.|last3=Russo|first3=Dominic R.|last4=Bacsa|first4=John|last5=Batista|first5=Enrique R.|last6=Yang|first6=Ping|last7=Telser|first7=Joshua|last8=La Pierre|first8=Henry S.|date=21 August 2019|title=Design, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Analysis of a Tetravalent Terbium Complex|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=141|issue=33|pages=13222–13233|doi=10.1021/jacs.9b06622|pmid=31352780|bibcode=2019JAChS.14113222R |osti=1558225|s2cid=207197096|issn=0002-7863|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9450461 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title= Stabilization of the Oxidation State + IV in Siloxide-Supported Terbium Compounds |author1=Willauer, A.R. |author2=Palumbo, C.T. |author3=Scopelliti, R. |author4=Zivkovic, I. |author5=Douair, I. |author6=Maron, L. |author7=Mazzanti, M. |date=2020 |pages=3549–3553|volume=59 |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |issue=9 |doi=10.1002/anie.201914733|pmid=31840371 |bibcode=2020ACIE...59.3549W |s2cid=209385870 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/275738 }}</ref> and Pr(IV)<ref>{{cite journal |title= Accessing the +IV Oxidation State in Molecular Complexes of Praseodymium. |author1=Willauer, A.R. |author2=Palumbo, C.T. |author3=Fadaei-Tirani, F. |author4=Zivkovic, I. |author5=Douair, I. |author6=Maron, L. |author7=Mazzanti, M. |date=2020 |pages=489–493|volume=142 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |issue=12 |doi=10.1021/jacs.0c01204|pmid=32134644 |bibcode=2020JAChS.142.5538W |s2cid=212564931 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/277306 }}</ref> complexes have been shown to exist.
===Lanthanide coordination chemistry and catalysis===
When in the form of coordination complexes, lanthanides exist overwhelmingly in their +3 oxidation state, although particularly stable 4f configurations can also give +4 (Ce, Pr, Tb) or +2 (Sm, Eu, Yb) ions. All of these forms are strongly electropositive and thus lanthanide ions are [[w:HSAB theory|hard Lewis acids]].<ref name="Ortu">{{ cite journal | title = Rare Earth Starting Materials and Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry | first1 = Fabrizio | last1 = Ortu | journal = [[w:Chemical Reviews|Chem. Rev.]] | year = 2022 | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = 6040–6116 | doi = 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00842 | pmid = 35099940 | pmc = 9007467 }}</ref> The oxidation states are also very stable; with the exceptions of [[w:SmI2|SmI<sub>2</sub>]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Molander|first1=Gary A.|last2=Harris|first2=Christina R.|title=Sequencing Reactions with Samarium(II) Iodide|journal=Chemical Reviews|date=1 January 1996|volume=96|issue=1|pages=307–338|doi=10.1021/cr950019y|pmid=11848755}}</ref> and [[w:Ceric ammonium nitrate|cerium(IV) salts]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nair|first1=Vijay|last2=Balagopal|first2=Lakshmi|last3=Rajan|first3=Roshini|last4= Mathew|first4=Jessy|title=Recent Advances in Synthetic Transformations Mediated by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|date=1 January 2004|volume=37|issue=1|pages=21–30|doi=10.1021/ar030002z|pmid=14730991}}</ref> lanthanides are not used for redox chemistry. 4f electrons have a high probability of being found close to the nucleus and are thus strongly affected as the nuclear charge increases across the series; this results in a corresponding decrease in ionic radii referred to as the [[w:lanthanide contraction|lanthanide contraction]].
The low probability of the 4f electrons existing at the outer region of the atom or ion permits little effective overlap between the orbitals of a lanthanide ion and any binding ligand. Thus lanthanide complexes typically have little or no covalent character and are not influenced by orbital geometries. The lack of orbital interaction also means that varying the metal typically has little effect on the complex (other than size), especially when compared to transition metals. Complexes are held together by weaker electrostatic forces which are omni-directional and thus the ligands alone dictate the symmetry and coordination of complexes. Steric factors therefore dominate, with coordinative saturation of the metal being balanced against inter-ligand repulsion. This results in a diverse range of coordination geometries, many of which are irregular,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dehnicke|first1=Kurt|last2=Greiner|first2=Andreas|title=Unusual Complex Chemistry of Rare-Earth Elements: Large Ionic Radii—Small Coordination Numbers|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|year=2003|volume=42|issue=12|pages=1340–1354|doi=10.1002/anie.200390346|pmid=12671966 |bibcode=2003ACIE...42.1340D }}</ref> and also manifests itself in the highly fluxional nature of the complexes. As there is no energetic reason to be locked into a single geometry, rapid intramolecular and intermolecular ligand exchange will take place. This typically results in complexes that rapidly fluctuate between possible configurations.
Many of these features make lanthanide complexes effective catalysts. Hard Lewis acids are able to polarize bonds upon coordination and thus alter the electrophilicity of compounds, with a classic example being the [[w:Luche reduction|Luche reduction]]. The large size of the ions coupled with their labile ionic bonding allows even bulky coordinating species to bind and dissociate rapidly, resulting in very high turnover rates; thus excellent yields can often be achieved with loadings of only a few mol%.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aspinall|first=Helen C.|title=Chemistry of the f-block elements|year=2001|publisher=Gordon & Breach|location=Amsterdam [u.a.]|isbn=978-90-5699-333-7}}</ref> The lack of orbital interactions combined with the lanthanide contraction means that the lanthanides change in size across the series but that their chemistry remains much the same. This allows for easy tuning of the steric environments and examples exist where this has been used to improve the catalytic activity of the complex<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kobayashi|first1=Shū|last2=Hamada|first2=Tomoaki|last3=Nagayama|first3=Satoshi|last4=Manabe|first4=Kei |title=Lanthanide Trifluoromethanesulfonate-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Media|journal=Organic Letters|date=1 January 2001|volume=3|issue=2|pages=165–167|doi=10.1021/ol006830z|pmid=11430025|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/3737823|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aspinall|first1=Helen C.|last2=Dwyer|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Greeves|first3=Nicholas|last4=Steiner|first4=Alexander
|title=Li<sub>3</sub>[Ln(binol)<sub>3</sub>]·6THF: New Anhydrous Lithium Lanthanide Binaphtholates and Their Use in Enantioselective Alkyl Addition to Aldehydes|journal=Organometallics|date=1 April 1999|volume=18|issue=8|pages=1366–1368|doi=10.1021/om981011s}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Parac-Vogt|first1=Tatjana N.|last2=Pachini|first2=Sophia|last3=Nockemann|first3=Peter|last4=VanmHecke|first4=Kristof|last5=Van Meervelt|first5=Luc|last6=Binnemans|first6=Koen|title=Lanthanide(III) Nitrobenzenesulfonates as New Nitration Catalysts: The Role of the Metal and of the Counterion in the Catalytic Efficiency|journal=European Journal of Organic Chemistry|date=1 November 2004|volume=2004|issue=22|pages=4560–4566|doi=10.1002/ejoc.200400475|s2cid=96125063 |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/33568|type=Submitted manuscript|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and change the nuclearity of metal clusters.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lipstman|first1=Sophia|last2=Muniappan|first2=Sankar|last3=George|first3= Sumod|last4=Goldberg|first4=Israel|title=Framework coordination polymers of tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and lanthanide ions in crystalline solids|journal=Dalton Transactions|date=1 January 2007|volume=30 |issue=30|pages=3273–81|doi=10.1039/B703698A|pmid=17893773 |bibcode=2007DTr....30.3273L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bretonnière|first1=Yann|last2=Mazzanti|first2=Marinella|last3=Pécaut|first3=Jacques|last4=Dunand|first4=Frank A.|last5=Merbach|first5=André E.|title=Solid-State and Solution Properties of the Lanthanide Complexes of a New Heptadentate Tripodal Ligand: A Route to Gadolinium Complexes with an Improved Relaxation Efficiency|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|date=1 December 2001|volume=40|issue=26|pages=6737–6745|doi=10.1021/ic010591+|pmid=11735486 |url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/78253 }}</ref>
Despite this, the use of lanthanide coordination complexes as homogeneous catalysts is largely restricted to the laboratory and there are currently few examples them being used on an industrial scale.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Trinadhachari|first1=Ganala Naga|last2=Kamat|first2=Anand Gopalkrishna|last3=Prabahar|first3=Koilpillai Joseph|last4=Handa|first4=Vijay Kumar|last5=Srinu|first5=Kukunuri Naga Venkata Satya|last6=Babu|first6=Korupolu Raghu|last7=Sanasi|first7=Paul Douglas|title=Commercial Scale Process of Galanthamine Hydrobromide Involving Luche Reduction: Galanthamine Process Involving Regioselective 1,2-Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketone|journal=Organic Process Research & Development|date=15 March 2013|volume=17|issue=3|pages=406–412|doi=10.1021/op300337y}}</ref> Lanthanides exist in many forms other than coordination complexes and many of these are industrially useful. In particular lanthanide oxides are used as heterogeneous catalysts in various industrial processes.
==  5.13 Discussion questions==
*Discuss chelating ligands and what they do, using some new examples.
*Explain (using some new examples) how we know if an octahedral complex of a transition metal ion will be high spin or low spin, and what measurements we can do to confirm it.
==  5.14 Problems==
1. Predict the molecular geometry of the following complexes, and determine whether each will be diamagnetic or paramagnetic:
(a) [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
(b) [Ru(ox)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> (ox = oxalate, C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)
(c) [Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>
(d) [W(CO)<sub>6</sub>]
(e) [Ir(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
2. For each of the following transition metal complexes, give (i) the d-electron count), (ii) the approximate molecular geometry of the complex, and (iii) an energy level diagram showing the splitting and filling of the d-orbitals.
(a)[Os(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
(b)''cis-''PtCl<sub>2</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
(c) [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>
3. Octahedral transition metal complexes can be either high or low spin. Is the same true of tetrahedral and square planar complexes? Explain why or why not.
4. For each of the transition metal complexes in the table below, give the d electron count, number of unpaired electrons, and electronic configurations. Give the number of electrons in the t<sub>2g</sub> and e<sub>g</sub> sets of 3d orbitals that are consistent with the observed magnetic moments.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Compound !! µ (BM)
!d electron count
!number of unpaired electrons
!electonic configuration
|-
| a. [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> || 1.8
|
|
|
|-
| b. [Fe(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sup>3+</sup> || 6.1
|
|
|
|-
| c. [Fe(NCS)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> || 5.0
|
|
|
|-
| d. [Cr(acac)<sub>3</sub>] || 3.9
|
|
|
|}
5. For each of the following pairs, identify the complex with the higher crystal field stabilization energy (and show your work).
(a) [Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> vs. [Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup><br />
(b) [Ni(en)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> vs. [Cd(en)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, where en = H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub><br />
(c) [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> vs. [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>
6. In a solution made by combining FeCl<sub>3</sub> with excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at neutral pH, the concentration of Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) ions is on the order of 10<sup>-17</sup> M. However, in a solution of ethylenediamine and acetic acid at comparable concentration, the Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) concentration is about 10<sup>-7</sup>, i.e., 10<sup>10</sup> times higher. Explain.
7. The complex [VO(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is blue, while the analogous complex with another monodentate neutral ligand L, [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is yellow. How many of the following statements are true? Explain briefly.
(a) L is a stronger field ligand than H<sub>2</sub>O.
(b) [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is a high-spin complex.
(c) [VO(L)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> absorbs yellow light.
(d) Both complexes have one 3d electron associated with the metal.
8. OH<sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>3</sub> are both Brønsted bases, and both can form complexes with metal ions. Explain how OH<sup>-</sup> can be a much stronger Brønsted base than NH<sub>3</sub>, and at the same time much lower in the spectrochemical series.
9. A solution of [Ni(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> is faint green and paramagnetic (µ = 2.90 BM), whereas a solution of [Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> is yellow and diamagnetic.
(a) Draw the molecular geometry and the d-orbital energy level diagrams for each complex, showing the electronic occupancy of the d-orbitals.
(b) Explain the differences in magnetism and color.
10. W. Deng and K. W. Hipps (J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 10736-10740) reported an STM study of the electronic properties of Ni(II)tetraphenyl porphyrin (NiTPP), a red-purple, neutral diamagnetic complex that is made by reacting Ni(II) perchlorate with tetraphenylporphine. When NiTPP is reacted with sodium thiocyanate it forms another complex that is paramagnetic. Draw the structures of NiTPP and the product complex, and the crystal field energy level diagram that explains each. What value of the magnetic moment (in units of μB) would you expect for the paramagnetic complex?
<br />
<br />
[[file:aqua-exchange.png|right|450px]]
11. Transition metal complexes can undergo ligand exchange reactions, in which a free ligand or solvent molecule substitutes for one of the bound ligands. Because the reactant and product complexes often have different colors, the rate of ligand exchange can be easily measured in "test tube" reactions. The exchange of chemically identical ligands (e.g., a bound water molecule for a free water molecule) can also be measured by NMR spectroscopy and other methods. Interestingly, the rates water exchange vary over a range of ''14 orders of magnitude'' for different metal ions and oxidation states. In some cases it takes weeks for one water molecule to exchange for another. In other cases, the timescale of the exchange is nanoseconds.
(a) There is an overall trend (see figure at right) in which the exchange rate is slower for higher oxidation states of the metal. Explain this trend. What does the crystal field stabilization energy have to do with the kinetics of the reaction?
(b) Apart from your answer to (a), explain any trends you observe for the rate of water exchange among divalent metal ions.
(c) Cu<sup>2+</sup> has an especially fast water exchange rate. Why?
(d) What are the geometries and d-electron counts of the aquo complexes of the slowest divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent metal ions in the figure? Do they have particularly high or low CFSE's? Explain.
12. Ligand exchange rates for main group ions increase going down a group, e.g., Al<sup>3+</sup> < Ga<sup>3+</sup> < In<sup>3+</sup>. For transition metal ions, we see the opposite trend, e.g., Fe<sup>2+</sup> > Ru<sup>2+</sup> > Os<sup>2+</sup>. Explain why these trends are different.
13. Seppelt and coworkers reported the very unusual ion [AuXe<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> in the salt [AuXe<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (Sb<sub>2</sub>F<sub>11</sub><sup>-</sup>)<sub>2</sub> (Science 2000, 290, 117-118). This was the first report of a compound containing a bond between a metal and a noble gas atom. Draw a d-orbital energy diagram for this ion and predict whether it should be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Would you expect to be able to form a similar complex using Cu in place of Au, or Kr in place of Xe? Why or why not?
14. For the reaction ''cis''-Mo(CO)<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub> + CO → Mo(CO)<sub>5</sub>L + L, the reaction rate is found to vary by a factor of 500 for two different ligands L, but it is relatively insensitive to the pressure of CO gas. (a) What kind of mechanism does this reaction have? (b) What are the signs of the activation volume and the activation entropy?
15. In Rosenberg's initial discovery of the biological effects of ''cis-''Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, the compound was made accidentally by partial dissolution of a Pt anode in an electrolyte solution that contained glucose and magnesium chloride.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rosenberg | first1 = B. | last2 = Van Camp | first2 = L. | last3 = Krigas | first3 = T. | doi = 10.1038/205698a0 | title = Inhibition of Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Electrolysis Products from a Platinum Electrode | journal = Nature | volume = 205 | issue = 4972 | pages = 698–9 | year = 1965 | pmid = 14287410| pmc = }}</ref> The electrolysis reaction also produced small amounts of ammonium ions. Explain mechanistically why the ''cis-''isomer is formed selectively under these conditions.
==  5.15 References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{BookCat}}
q7u536v20069hhh07d8ip1o71q5jkxb
Universal Algebra
0
386415
4637297
3311669
2026-05-23T19:07:19Z
Gramix13
3508863
Adding two categories
4637297
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This wikibook covers universal algebra.
== Contents ==
#[[/Definitions, examples/]]
#[[/Binary relations/]]
#[[/Congruences, quotiens, Noether isomorphism theorems/]]
{{BookCat}}
[[Category:Shelf:Algebra]]
[[Category:Shelf:University level mathematics books]]
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Universal Algebra/Definitions, examples
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== Operations ==
Universal algebra studies algebraic structures (or algebras for short), which are sets with a given collection of operations on that set. Before defining algebras, we need to first clarify what an operation is.
Recall that whenever <math>A</math> is a set, and <math>n</math> is a natural number (possibly <math>0</math>), then <math>A^n</math> is the set of all <math>n</math>-tuples of <math>A</math>.
{{definition|operation|Let <math>A</math> be a set. An '''operation''' on <math>A</math> is a function <math>f: A^n \to A</math>.}}
When <math>n=0</math>, then <math>A^0 = \{ \emptyset \}</math>, so <math>f</math> can be identified with a constant in <math>A</math> as the image of <math>\emptyset</math> under <math>f</math>.
{{definition|arity|Let <math>A</math> be a set together with an operation <math>f: A^n \to A</math>. Then <math>n</math> is called the '''arity''' of the operation <math>f</math>. <math>f</math> is then called '''<math>n</math>-ary'''.}}
== Algebraic structure ==
{{definition|algebraic variety|An '''algebraic variety''' is the class of all sets <math>A</math> with certain operations <math>(\circ_\beta)_{\alpha \in B}</math> (where <math>B</math> is a fixed index set, specific to the algebraic variety at hand), so that for each <math>\beta</math> the operation <math>\circ_\beta</math> is defined on all tuples which are defined by a set-theoretic expression that only depends on <math>\beta</math> and the other operations, and so that a set <math>(S_\gamma)_{\gamma \in \Gamma}</math> of rules hold for the operations, where a rule is defined as follows:
#A ''term'' is recursively defined as follows:
##All <math>0</math>-ary operations (and tuples thereof) are terms
##All ''variables'' (which for our purposes are just letters) are terms
##Whenever <math>(t_\delta)_{\delta \in \Delta}</math> is a tuple of terms, <math>\circ_\beta((t_\delta)_{\delta \in \Delta})</math> is a term
#A ''rule'' is then an expression of the form <math>t = s</math>, where <math>s</math> and <math>t</math> are terms
#The rule is said to ''hold'' for the given algebraic structure iff the identity given by it holds whenever the variables are each replaced by adequate tuples, so that the expressions of the term all make sense (ie. the operations of <math>A</math> are defined on all resulting tuples)}}
{{definition|algebraic structure|An '''algebraic structure''' of a given algebraic variety is an element of the given algebraic variety.}}
{{definition|substructure|If <math>A</math> is an algebraic structure of a given algebraic variety and <math>B \subseteq A</math> is a subset which, equipped with the restrictions of the operations of <math>A</math> is itself an algebraic structure of that algebraic variety, <math>B</math> is called a '''substructure''' of <math>A</math>.}}
{{proposition|closedness under operations means algebraic structure|Let <math>A</math> be an algebraic structure, and let <math>B \subseteq A</math> be a subset that is closed under all the operations that go along with <math>A</math>. Then <math>B</math> is an algebraic structure of the same algebraic variety as <math>A</math>.}}
For example, if we have a subset of a group that contains the identity and is closed under inversion and the product (that is, if we have a subset of a group that is closed under the 0-ary, the 1-ary and the 2-ary operation), then that subset is a subgroup.
{{proof|It suffices to note that the validity of the rules is not infringed, since all we do is to quantify over a smaller class.}}
{{proposition|greatest lower bound structure is intersection|Let <math>A</math> be a set together with operations <math>(\circ_\alpha)_{\alpha \in A}</math> on it, and let <math>(B_\gamma)_{\gamma \in \Gamma}</math> be a nontrivial family of subsets of <math>A</math> that are all algebraic structures of the same algebraic variety, when the operations of <math>A</math> are restricted to them. Then their greatest lower bound algebraic structure with respect to set inclusion is given by the intersection <math>\cap_{\gamma \in \Gamma} B_\gamma</math>.}}
{{proof|The intersection <math>\cap_{\gamma \in \Gamma} B_\gamma</math> is closed under all intersections since [[Universal Algebra/Definitions, examples#intersections preserve closure properties|intersections preserve closure properties]], and hence, since [[Universal Algebra/Definitions, examples#closedness under operations means substructure|a subset that is closed under the operations is a substructure itself]], it is a substructure of any of the <math>B_\alpha</math>, that is, itself an algebraic structure. Clearly, it is the largest that is contained all <math>B_\gamma</math>, since it consists exactly of the elements that are contained in all <math>B_\gamma</math>, and hence any additional element would ''not'' be countained in all <math>B_\gamma</math>.}}
{{BookCat}}
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Talk:Roblox Game Development/Introduction
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== Prison life v2.0.2 ==
I want to no clip [[User:Jpwagg|Jpwagg]] ([[User talk:Jpwagg|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jpwagg|contribs]]) 23:40, 29 January 2018 (UTC)
== This book is outdated. ==
From the looks of it, this guide is from 2014 or 2013. This book should be updated. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-30792-90|~2026-30792-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-30792-90|talk]]) 03:55, 24 May 2026 (UTC)
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Irish/Unit 1/Lesson 3
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/* Introduction to Séimhiú */ I felt it was imperative to mention the letter combinations with s that do not receive a séimhiú. I wasn’t sure whether I should mention an scoil as a feminine noun that does not receive it, but decided against it to simplify.
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{{Irish/TOC | context="U1"}}
In this lesson, you will learn about:
* Final consonants "b" "m" and "g"
* Masculine and feminine nouns
* Séimhiú, the first of Irish's three initial mutations
==More Consonants==
===Reviewing our Unit 1 Goals===
So far, we've only learned a few words' worth of vocabulary. That's on purpose! Unit 1 focuses on pronunciation because:
* It's the hardest part of the language for people studying on their own, without the help of a native speaker or speakers
* It's important to internalize the unexpected sounds of Irish before you start memorizing mispronounced words that you'll have to unlearn or relearn later
At the same time, we've been introducing some basic grammatical concepts. Starting next lesson, while we'll continue to talk about pronunciation, we'll also start combining some of what we've learned into typical Irish sentences.
===The Consonants m, b, mb, and g===
{{stub}}
===Extra Consonants, Extra Syllables===
In English, every syllable includes a vowel. In Irish, there are exceptions to this rule.
Some Irish words end with a cluster of consonants that, in English, would be sounded together in one syllable. In Irish, these consonants can form their own syllable. As there is no verb, a schwa is added to the beginning of the syllable.
So while in English, "form" and "berg" are one-syllable words, in Irish we have:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Irish word
!meaning
!pronunciation
|-
|gorm
|blue
|/gɔɾ . əm/
|-
|dearg
|red
|/dʲaɾ . əɡ/
|}
This happens most commonly with final letters "m" and "g", and more rarely with final "b".
==Nouns and Gender==
Every Irish noun is either masculine ('''firinscneach''') or feminine ('''baininscneach'''). As in many other languages, these grammatical genders don't always match the words; for example, '''cailín''' (girl) is masculine.
===Learning the Genders===
As with plurals, beginners will need to memorize each noun's gender--but as you learn you will learn patterns that will help you guess the gender of unfamiliar words. Often words with the same endings have the same genders, and some categories of words tend to be one gender or the other. For instance, words for countries and languages are usually feminine, and words for jobs or professions are usually masculine.
===Gender and the Articles===
Unlike some languages, all Irish nouns use the same articles regardless of gender; '''an''' (singular) and '''na''' (plural).
However, you still need to know a noun's gender to use it with the article '''an''', and in some other situations. This is because of the last subject we're going to talk about in this unit: initial mutations.
==Initial Mutations==
Many European languages convey grammatical information by making changes to the ends of words. Less familiar to English speakers are initial mutations: changes made to the beginning of a word.
There are three initial mutations that are important in Irish: '''séimhiú''', '''urú''', and '''prothesis'''. In English, '''séimhiú''' is sometimes called ''lenition'' and '''urú''' is sometimes called ''eclipsis'', but as those words aren't likely to mean much even to most English speakers, this course will mostly use the Irish terms.
In this lesson we're going to learn the basics of séimhiú and prothesis. We'll tackle prothesis in the next lesson, and urú a little later on, when we discuss prepositions.
===Introduction to Séimhiú===
Séimhiú is the easier of the two mutations. Here are the rules in brief:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!If the word starts with:
!Séimhiú makes the following change
!Example
|-
|b, c, f, g, m, or p
|add an "h" after the first letter to make bh, ch, fh, etc.
|bean (woman) -> bhean
|-
|s
|changes to either sh or ts
|
|-
|d, t
|sometimes changes to dh or th
|-
|sc, sm, sp, st
|No change
|
|-
|Any other consonant (h, l, n, r)
|No change
|-
|Any vowel
|No change
|
|}
If it makes it easier to remember what letters lenitions do not apply to, some people remember the mnemonic device “'''El''' - '''ean''' - '''or''' '''St'''opped '''Sm'''iling at '''Sp'''anish '''Sc'''hool.” (The name of the letter “R” is typically spoken as “or” in Hiberno-English, the dialect of English in Ireland.)
===Séimhiú and Articles===
One of the most common reasons for applying a séimhiú to a word is following the singular definite article '''an'''. Here are the rules for initial mutations after '''an''':
* Feminine nouns get a séimhiú after "an" '''except''':
* Words starting with "s" get a "ts" instead of a "sh", '''and'''
* Words starting with "d" or "t" don't change.
Remember the sentences we built in the last lesson:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Léann Niamh '''scéal'''
|Niamh reads '''a story'''
|-
|Léann Niamh '''ceist'''
|Niamh reads '''a question'''
|}
Because '''scéal''' is masculine and begins with “sc”, and '''ceist''' is feminine, if we add definite articles to both of these sentences we get:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Léann Niamh '''an scéal'''
|Niamh reads '''the story'''
|-
|Léann Niamh '''an cheist'''
|Niamh reads '''the question'''
|}
After '''an''', the feminine noun '''ceist''' gets a séimhiú and becomes '''cheist'''. '''Scéal''' does not change.
Because of this, many learners prefer to learn all nouns together with the definite article, making flash cards that say '''an cheist''' (the story) rather than just '''ceist''' (story). That way, they always know whether the noun is masculine or feminine.
There are other situations where you will need to apply a séimhiú, which we will explore in later lessons. For now, concentrate on learning the patterns of which consonants take a séimhiú and which don't.
{|class="wikitable" width="50%" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"
|-
|style="text-align:center;background:lightgreen"|'''Next Lesson'''
|-
|
In Lesson 4, you'll learn about:
* Forming basic sentences with "tá" and "is"
* Prothesis, an initial mutation for words starting with a vowel
|}
{|class="wikitable" width="90%" style="font-weight:bold;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
|-
|width="20%" style="text-align:center" |[[Irish/Unit 1/Lesson 2 | Previous Lesson]]
|style="background:lightgreen; text-align:center" |Wikibooks Irish
|width="20%" style="text-align:center" |[[Irish/Unit 1/Lesson 4 |Next Lesson]]
|}
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| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F52x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F53x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F54x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F55x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F56x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F57x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F58x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F59x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F5Ax
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F5Bx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F5Cx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F5Dx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F5Ex
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F5Fx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F60x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F61x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F62x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F63x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F64x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F65x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F66x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F67x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F68x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F69x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F6Ax
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F6Bx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F6Cx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F6Dx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F6Ex
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F6Fx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F70x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F71x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F72x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F73x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F74x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F75x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F76x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F77x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F78x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F79x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F7Ax
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F7Bx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F7Cx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F7Dx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F7Ex
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F7Fx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F80x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F81x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F82x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F83x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F84x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F85x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F86x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F87x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F88x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F89x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Ax
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Bx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Cx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Dx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Ex
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Fx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F90x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F91x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F92x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F93x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F94x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F95x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F96x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F97x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F98x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F99x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Ax
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Bx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Cx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Dx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Ex
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Fx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA0x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA1x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA2x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA3x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA4x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA5x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA6x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA8x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FA9x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FAAx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FABx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FACx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FADx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FAEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FAFx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB0x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB1x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB2x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB3x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB4x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB5x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB6x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB8x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FB9x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FBAx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FBBx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FBCx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FBDx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FBEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FBFx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC0x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC1x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC2x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC3x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Extended-A'''
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F
|----- align="center" style="background:#c8a36f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY ONE|𿱀}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY TWO|𿱁}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY THREE|𿱂}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FOUR|𿱃}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FIVE|𿱄}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SIX|𿱅}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SEVEN|𿱆}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY EIGHT|𿱇}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY NINE|𿱈}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY|𿱉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY ONE|𿱊}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY TWO|𿱋}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY THREE|𿱌}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FOUR|𿱍}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FIVE|𿱎}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|𿱏}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#c8a36f"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|𿱐}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|𿱑}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|𿱒}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|𿱓}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|𿱔}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|𿱕}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|𿱖}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|𿱗}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|𿱘}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|𿕉}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|𿱚}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|𿱛}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|𿱜}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|𿱝}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|𿱞}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|𿱟}}
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC6x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC8x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FC9x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FCAx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FCBx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FCCx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FCDx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FCEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FCFx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- style="background:#ccccff"
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD0x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD1x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD2x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD3x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD4x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD5x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD6x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD7x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD8x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FD9x
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FDAx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FDBx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FDCx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FDDx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
!style="background:#ffffff"|3FDEx
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|----- align="center" style="background:#777777"
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== Zombie by Margaret Atwood ==
'''Zombie''' is a poem by the world famous poet Margaret Atwood. Her poem can be found in her book <u>'''Dearly'''</u>, a collection of her new poems.
I hope to post a critical essay on 'Zombie' by Margaret Atwood, as a example of critical analysis in Literature. I am certain that I can fairly reprint a few lines from the poem, yet I'm not sure if I can post the entire poem. Any suggestions? Thanks~~ [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 18:04, 25 June 2022 (UTC)
<br>
There you have it: zombie. <br>
Didn't you always suspect? <br>
"Poetry is the past <br>
that breaks out in our hearts" <br>
like a virus, like an infection. <br>
<br>
The quote within the poem: "Poetry is the past that breaks out in our hearts..." is taken from the poet Rilke. <br>
==NEW EDITS!==
NEW TOPIC:
[ I left these paragraphs under CREATE VAMPIRES / History and Folklore ]
History, meaning inquiry, or knowledge acquired from the past by investigation, may stem from Greek historia, according to Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History
History is related to folklore, yet is essentially different. Folklore are stories about a particular culture, yet
Folklore, and similar legends, are told from a subjective perspective, and are not validated by external sources.
Folklore and legends are classified as cultural heritage. History is not myth, mainly for reasons that involve telling a story about events that have happened in the past, and then gathering supporting evidence used to validate one's history.
The study of History is a major discipline in academic fields.
The nature of the vampire shifted from folklore stories, that often contained warnings, to mutated stories about pale monsters and occult-ish blood lettings.
It is as if the horrific stories about the tragic events that happened to some people, horror stories that were traditionally passed orally from person to person, started to pass culturally from one region to another region, finally emerging (centuries later) from the author's imagination in tangible, written form, vastly distorted, yet eerily relevant, with the mysterious ability to capture the imagination of young readers.
Imaginative young readers today, could greatly benefit from Creative Writing classes offered in many Public High Schools.
Creative writing classes are controversial classes in academia, yet in general, helpful to students in public schools. Creative writing programs are developing. In many public schools, creative writing classes are related to Language classes, and Art classes.
Creative writing is not a discipline in academic fields.
Create Vampire is a free wikibook intended as a guide, and as a non-fictional resource for people fascinated by vampires and similar monsters!
TIP: Before creating a vampire character, you could ask yourself if you want your vampire to reflect stories based in Folklore, gathered from events that happened to actual people, or you may prefer to create a vampire from your imagination. Perhaps a imaginary creation who possesses non-human traits?
I edited this major paragraph Create Vampires / History and Folklore / Create Vampires?:
<BR>CREATE VAMPIRES?
In a world where people desire to make a lot of money, in the shortest amount of time.
In a world where bank robbery is illegal, yet grave-robbery is not...?
In a world populated by individuals who seemed ruled by greed, vampires and other monsters are sometimes spoken into some tangible, often frightening existence. [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 15:24, 13 August 2022 (UTC)
If we exist in a world where characters could be spoken into existence, and allowed to linger in unusual fields bound and un-bound... If characters could linger, losing human characteristics and form, linger like ghost populating flat white spaces, if characters could attain atypical motion, yet exist like zombies without the ability to reason, or exist like demons without kindness, or exist like vampires, with constant hunger, sharing kindness with the hungry ghost who linger with desires to be fed, if such empty planes were populated by hungry, unreasoning, lingering atypical creations, mere works of the imagination, would their monster's tale be worthy of note?
I hope to add this paragraph [somewhere after "The nature of the vampire shifted from folklore stories..."]
The nature of the vampire shifted from folklore stories, that often contained warnings, to mutated stories about pale monsters and occult-ish blood lettings.
It is as if the horrific stories about the tragic events that happened to some people, horror stories that were traditionally passed orally from person to person, started to pass culturally from one region to another region, finally emerging (centuries later) from the author's imagination in tangible, written form, vastly distorted, yet eerily relevant, with the mysterious ability to capture the imagination of young readers.
<BR>Thanks. [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 15:24, 13 August 2022 (UTC)
== I will miss Pi zero. ==
Although this is a personal response, in no way related to "Create Vampires," I have recently learned of Wikibooks' loss. Pi zero was a great guide, and I will miss his guidance when I am loss on Wikibooks. He was a special person online. Now I wonder who will remind me to avoid ORIGINAL RESEARCH? LOL. [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 15:54, 15 August 2022 (UTC)
== Why Create Vampires? ==
I added 5 new paragraphs to a new page: Why Create Vampires? <br>
Contributions from Wikibookians interested in these subjects, especially vampires, are welcomed! <br>
<br>
[new section]
What would happen if you woke-up one day with a horrible craving for blood?
What if you woke up, then slowly realized that you were invisible, would you get dressed out of habit?
What if you woke-up one day both hungry and invisible? What would you do?
These are questions writers may consider when approaching fictional narratives. Stories about ghosts, angels, zombies and vampires are popular
with modern readers, yet why do people write about vampires? Should you?
Perhaps writing creatively about a fascinating subject is a bit of a dream. In order to first figure out what to write, some people may choose to
gather together with other writing students to consider and experiment with ideas and techniques of use to other Writers.
Classes that encourage creative writing, may encourage exploration of fascinating subjects, such as vampires.
Exploration of unusual subjects can be rewarding to the creative spirit!
Creative writing is a self-developmental process involving your creativity, using established techniques of the Writer’s craft, shaped by your level of honesty.
In creative writing classes, your story is not just your creative expression, each story you take time to write is similar to a window allowing people
to share in the communication process. You don’t just share common norms about spelling, grammar, or idiomatic expressions used by normal people,
your story can share information about how a group of people reacted to life-altering events, meaning your stories can in a general sense,
reflect the society and times you observe and write about.
Because every writer is advised to “write what you know,” you may willingly look for safe ways to write what you know, creatively,
in a non-factual manner that may not share factual information, yet will express your emotions, or will reflect the feelings of everyone.
Creative writing is about telling a story, in a expressive, original manner. Techniques like tone, meaning how to express the right mood,
emotional intensity, or level of humor, meaning how we tell the story using the right tone to a reader who is unable to hear you,
or hear the people your story will reflect, may become easier after we have developed better writing skills.
Creative writing is a subject about developing better writing skills, and allowing honest expression, often in non-factual, creative ways. <br>
<br>
Writers who write about the vampires from their imagination maybe following their own personal creative spirit. <br>
<br>
<br>
I WILL SLOWLY ADD MORE INFORMATION TO THIS SECTION [NOT ON MAIN PAGE] Why Create Vampires? / Warning! <br>
'''WARNING: <u>Vampires of the imagination in action!</u>''' <br>
<br>
Giving warnings against vampires of the imagination maybe a useful device writers could explore. <br>
Typical vampires of the imagination are not friendly characters, they seem to possess unusual traits and characteristics, they are not popular, <br>
almost un-loveable, and very problematic.<BR>
<br>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ COMMON VAMPIRE-IMAGINATION TRAITS + CHARACTERISTICS:<br>
|-
! Traits !! !! Characteristics
|-
| Pale / Deadly pale || || Enjoy isolation / Loner personality
|-
| Long fangs / Fang-ish teeth || || Predator personality
|-
| Thin || || Alpha Male type
|-
| Black hair / Brown Hair || || "Energy Vampire" : Negativity, overly dramatic, hostile rages, complaints and sad stories.
|-
| Re-animated corpse with failing body issues. || ||
|}
<BR>
Vampires of the imagination that seem to be re-animated, walking corpses, some with dominate alpha-male behaviors and sharp cuspids, could be a terror, a monster, or a walking nightmare to a town, or neighborhood. It is easy for Writers to warn their readers against such a vampire [...of the imagination], yet what about vampires with subtle negative energy influences? What of Energy vampires and other less monster-ish vampires of the imagination?<br>
<BR>
'''Tip:''' Typically, humans have four cuspids in their mouth. Two on the bottom, and two on the top left and right side of the mouth. <BR>
These are the sharpest, longest teeth, they have a pointed edge and have been called "vampire teeth" by some Writers.<BR>
<br>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supernatural Vampire Traits
|-
! Traits that are supernatural !! Mythological Creature
|-
| Immortality <br>Drinking blood <br> Sunlight Poisoning<br> Heightened senses <br> Morphing || [[File:"Le Vampire".jpg|thumb|"Le Vampire"]]
|}
<br>
Vampire stories found in Eastern European Folklore often warn people against evil characters, or of a evil character [the antagonist] <br>
who in a malicious manner seeks to harm innocent people. Regardless of the motive, the methods are of drugging [poisoning] the victim, <br>
which often leads to the innocent person getting buried alive, and / or having their graves robbed by grave-robbers interested <br>
in robbing the rich. Many Eastern European folk stories have warnings against grave-robbers! <br>
<br>
Some traits for vampires of the imagination are obviously supernatural, yet other vampires of the imagination possess normal traits, yet are described as displaying unusual behaviors. In 1819, John Polidore wrote The Vampyre, a fictional piece that is noted as having introduced vampires of modern Fiction. The Poet Rudyard Kipling wrote in his The Vampire in 1897 "To a rag and a bone and a hank of hair," it is implied that Kipling's vampire is realistic, thus mostly made up.
Tip: Typically, humans have four cuspids in their mouth. Two on the bottom, and two on the top left and right side of the mouth.
These are the sharpest, longest teeth, they have a pointed edge and have been called "vampire teeth" by some Writers.
Perhaps Juliet in William Shakespeare's play: Romeo and Juliet could be described by some people as a vampire of the imagination. Does William Shakespeare describe physical traits that would support this claim or unusual interpretation? Do the characters act in ways that may influence, or inspire, future imaginative vampire stories?<br>
<br>
[new section: Why Create Vampires? Legal Considerations] <br>
'''<u>Why Create Vampires? Legal Considerations</u>'''
<br>
For many legal reasons, people are not allowed to poison then legally bury other people alive, nor are people allowed to rob another person's grave. <br>
When we hear about the grim and bloody punishments Vlad- The Impaler inflicted on grave robbers and other lawless thieves, we may start to wonder, why create vampires? <br>
<br>
It is rumored that Vlad - The Impaler, Prince of Wallachia (a region now known as southern Romania), ran spikey poles through his enemies during the middle of the 14th century. Vlad may have impaled hundreds, worse, many of the impaled were left outside his city on display as a warning to scare off invaders and robbers, including grave robbers! Many folk stories about the Prince of Wallachia circulate where folk stories are written and read. <br>
<br>
When vampire folklore is reviewed, we learn about History, and about people from other cultures, many who struggled with, and for their humanity. We learn of the methods (sometimes bloody) people used to solve problems, and we may wonder how our society would fairly solve our problems while staying humane. We may also wonder about other folk stories from around the world, such as the zombie-person, the demon-person, or the hungry ghost-person. How does a human get turned into a hungry ghost-person? <br>
<br> [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 15:33, 25 August 2022 (UTC)
<br>
Sources: <br>
[[https://healthpsychologyconsultancy.wordpress.com/2012/07/13/the-energy-vampire-personality-type/|https://healthpsychologyconsultancy.wordpress.com/2012/07/13/the-energy-vampire-personality-type/]] wordpress.com Reviewed: 8/19/2022
<br>
[[https://theconversation.com/five-vampire-traits-that-exist-in-the-natural-world-104957|https://theconversation.com/five-vampire-traits-that-exist-in-the-natural-world-104957]] theconversation.com <br>
[[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cuspid|https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cuspid]] www.dictionary.com <br>
Thanks [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 17:03, 19 August 2022 (UTC)
== DROPPING MY RACIAL BAGGAGE ==
<br>
MY PERSONAL INFORMATION SEEMS TO BELONG ON MY DISCUSSION PAGE.<br>
Dropping My Racial Baggage <br>
On my body I have two birthmarks. One is a darker brown than my normally brown body, the other is a yellowish-brown birthmark, lighter than most of my brown body. I always knew my family was blended, we merged and emerged from attractive dark brown and yellowish-brown relatives who could pass as white because of their facial features. Today, I’m sure they could blend with tan Americans, meaning Americans who are a lighter brown in skin complexion and appearance.
I always thought my family was most like the family from The Cosby Show, a popular family TV Show. On The Cosby Show, Bill Cosby’s TV father was not embarrassed by the members of his family who came in a range of shades, from dark brown to almost-white. The fact was that families with extended family members felt comfortable, and popular, claiming all the members of their family! This was ideal. Some people wanted to celebrate. The 1980s were diverse and positive times for family Entertainment.
As opposed to foreign cultural notions of people checking one of two boxes: black or white, and away from similar subversive cultural norms … black and tan? The composition by Duke Ellington comes to mind… I consider most Americans in a range between dark brown and tan. When people ask me my race, I always say “brown,” because I am a brown woman, or to be technically correct, I am a multi-colored, 4th dimensional woman. Most people do not want to be super-technical (by acknowledging the 4th dimension of space-time), yet people seem to want to live reasonable lives. For example, why can’t the box of 8 colors describe the colors we see when we look at other people? Perhaps crayons’ manufacturers, CRAYOLA, did need to make several flesh colored crayons and market colors that people appear to be, ranging from dark brown to light brown.
After watching America’s Top Model, at least 13 seasons, I realized that most people can see beyond the simple “black” or “white” description, yet there are people who will describe a brown, or a tan person as either “black” or “white.”
Humans calling people “black” or “white” use to mildly bother me, I remember when I roomed with a Jewish person, (a student who ate pepperoni pizza with few problems), a young woman who re-named me “black” every time I spoke with her, I remember feeling puzzled, then resentful. My third-grade Teacher never labeled me black, the other African-Americans in my High School never left me with the “black” label, nor did a few Native Americans who were called “Asian-Americans,” (…about Native-Americans, I mean we know where America is, but where is Asia?) therefore I was really puzzled.
During my “identity growth” years, when I considered the words other people used to label “me,” I was grouped with other teenagers, later, mis-leading college students and other young adults whose mis-labeling of others was either a shameful oversight or ironic (the irony based on previous unexamined cultural biases Americans had failed to question).
What is ironic about public expressions of race is the fact that our notions about race are influenced by our culture.
For example, in High School, I remember my excitement about the field of Science, a high point after I had read a TIME magazine article that reported Scientist who could trace DNA via. The mitochondrial organelles. What I remember from my Cell Biology books are that the mitochondria are the “power house” of the cell. The article suggested that we could trace our ancestors DNA not just from DNA found in the nucleus, but also through analyzing unique DNA found in the mitochondria.
This information made news, in fact, the cover of that TIME magazine was a arty image with a updated image of Adam and Eve. I assume the updated image was to announce the new Science developing to help find our ancestors and discovering our relatives. I remember that I stood in front of my Science class with a issue of TIME magazine in my hand, and I asked the class if they knew “black” people were in the garden of Eden. The arty image on the cover of TIME actually showed people who looked like African-Americans, people with brownish-tan skin, and mid-length curly hair. People in America who looked like the image on the TIME magazine cover were / are called “black” in America.
As I gain a greater appreciation for the Arts, especially after I took a few Art appreciation classes, I realize that forcing a racial classification was rude, by asking if the class knew that black people were in the garden of Eden, I exposed my mis-education. It is the ironic mis-education I remember I attached to the arty TIME magazine cover.
In my early weeks on my college campus, I would brag about my chosen field: Genetics. Because there was no major in Genetics, I had to settle for a Biology or a Chemistry major. I could take extra classes that focused on Genetics. Other Science students were also interested in Genetics and seemed the types who would follow me into Genetic fields where we would, hopefully, find jobs in Genetics, where we would one day help to cure genetic disorders. That was my teenage dream for my future career. Turns out, reality is less ideal. Although I did find meaningful work later, in a laboratory that studied animal genetics, I basically learned how to use modern Science equipment [a giant lesson needed if Science is to improve our understandings…]. Science equipment is complex, and often, a lack of a good understanding of Science and Technology left Science students with puzzling results…
I also worked at a Hospital, and I proudly held a healthy and alert white baby boy whose parents were probably immigrants from China. Technically, I have held white children, and I technically believe that they are a minority, and like other children, small white children should always be protected by adults and by our government.
Finally, I use to converse with other students about my hair, or about my complexion [my hair and skin does lighten and darken with sunlight exposure]. Few students believed I needed to allow my hair to be natural, to see the two different hair types (one tight and curly, like a spiral, the other less tight, more wavey), or that my time spent without make-up (concealer) was necessary, yet my time spent without make-up allowed my brown complexion to emerge (in its range of brownness). By studying my genotypic expression, my biological inheritance, my outer surface appeared. I studied myself as I truly would appear without cosmetics, concealers, and hair-straighteners. I did not burn my bra (I did have limits), yet freeing oneself of “surface enhancers” allowed me to feel confident in who I truly was: a healthier, brown woman with black curly hair. I suppose I found myself? Nonsense, how could I ever lose me? I allowed my natural surface appearance to emerge, at least for a brief time in my life. Were college students who were once interested in Genetics as a career path impressed? Probably not. For unknown reasons, the ‘natural’ black chick, or the brown wannabe white-Hippy stereotype seemed to follow me. After exposure to radiation [a safe level] while working in a research laboratory, I did follow a popular “back-to-nature” path where I preferred natural products to “overprocessed” or processes products.
My non-racist friends, many blond with sun-kissed brown skin, were typical “white Hippies,” yet I didn’t have to be a wannabe white-Hippy to be a non-racist woman who supported nature, was a Environmentalist, and a supporter of better opportunities for all Americans, regardless of their color, religion or gender!
When I went online to share my learnings, gleaned from my factual college experiences, I was treated like a poor black child who couldn’t understand racist online… What? I could look up the definition for racism. [Racism (n): prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized]. As I understand the concept, racism is a flawed ideology that simplifies reality, forcing complex humans into limited conceptual categories. I was always against individual racist, preferring my own understanding of the situation from Dr. Martin Luther King’s point-of view, as I remember his message, we should judge a man based on his character [his deeds] and not on the color of his skin.
To better fight against racism, I got help from Christians. In general, Christians believe that God has a plan for all of humanity. Many Christians believe that all people are the children of God. In the presence of active Christians on campus, I met actual black people, people with dark brown skin that could be mistook for the color black in bright sunlight. Near “black” people, I felt the color brown, there was no other way to describe my skin’s appearance. I was a brown human, which is what I had been saying since the 3rd grade in my public school! Contact with diversity confirmed my truth. Now that I am a Christian, I do not mentally pick-up racist ideology as being somehow above Christian beliefs and values. I do try to sense a person’s character. Realistically, most people in America struggle to raise their children because it is hard to raise good Christians and good citizens.
I am done with dragging around “racial baggage,” I see people and choose religious values to pick-up, humanity to champion.
== Dracula behind Vlad - The Impaler ==
Greetings! <br>
I am glad people like Pi zero reminded me against original research, because I do not want to walk a mile in a undead man's shoes. I found most sources online and in public libraries [I do not have a insider perspective, nor do I want to become a special "inspiration" for a vampire-person in another special reader's world].<br>
I want to create a new section: Dracula behind Vlad - The Impaler. <br>
<br>
'''Dracula behind Vlad - The Impaler''' <br>
<br>
Sometimes Writers will mock their times, or the leaders in their society through parody, or through satire. In some countries Writers have the freedom to mock real men in Politics, or of great military influence who seem, in deed, like real monsters. <br>
In History, there are a few real monsters, men who we will remember for their cruelty, or for their massive injustices. This does not appear to be the case with Dracula, a novel character considered "inspired by" Vlad The Impaler. [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 16:26, 23 August 2022 (UTC)
Because of Bram Stoker, a popular Irish Writer, Vlad came to be known as the ''original'' Dracula. It is ironic that the fictional character, Dracula, is well known yet the historic man, Vlad, a Prince from a Romanian royal family, is less known. According to one writer / Historian, "...as he wrote Dracula, he borrowed certain aspects of Vlad's life and wove them in with local folklore from the region." <br>
Vlad, a special Prince of Romania, is a difficult subject to research. His Political influence is greatest in Romania, as is his mythic achievements. Vlad seemed to have influenced local folklore before Bram Stoker wrote his novel, '''Dracula''' in 1897. <br>
Estimates puts the number of people Vlad is rumored to have killed at around 80,000 people. That seems questionable, it seems unlikely for 1 man to have murdered [directly] a large chunk of the Romanian population. Although it was never rumored by the people who tell, and re-tell folk stories, that Vlad drank blood, he is known as the person behind many bloody impalements and beheadings. <br>
According to Wikipedia, "Offences where impalement was occasionally employed included contempt for the state's responsibility for safe roads and trade routes by committing highway robbery or grave robbery, violating state policies or monopolies, or subverting standards for trade. Offenders have also been impaled for a variety of cultural, sexual, and religious reasons." <br>
<br>
Vlad's father was a ruler of Wallachia, a territory between the Ottoman Empire and Europe, a country whose modern name is now known as Romania (southern).
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! 5 Facts About Vlad - The Romanian Prince
|-
| Father: Vlad Dracul
|-
| Mother: Cneajna
|-
| Born: 1428 - 1431
|-
| Year of Reigns: 1448, 1456 - 1462, 1476
|-
| Died: December 1476 - January 1477
|}
Source: <br>
<u>The World's Most Glorious And Notorious Rulers: The Great And The Terrible And How They Got Their Names"</u> by JoAnne O'Sullivan. Copyright 2020 by JoAnne O'Sullivan. Published by Running Press Kids, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC. ISBN: 978-0-7624-9661-7 <br>
<br>
Wikipedia.com [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler]<br>
THANKS [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 17:19, 23 August 2022 (UTC)
== Can a kind person help me update (concerning AI)? ==
Hello. I have not been online to edit Create Vampire in about a year. I noticed new information concerning AI, but I did not have enough time to read and reflect. I am not sure about what Wikibooks will allow concerning AI.
I have my original introduction, which I fear may not be neutral enough. I would like to compare my original introduction with the AI rewrite of Vampires of the Imagination.
Introduction:
Vampires of the Imagination:
Although vampires are creatures of folklore, monsters from the afterlife that are sometimes called the "un-dead," vampires are uniquely different from ghost, those lingering spirits who refuse to die.
Although vampires, by definition, are animated corpses, vampires of the imagination must feed on human blood in order to continue their earthly existence.
This unique quality makes vampires a popular and original type of fiction, slightly different from other creatures found in folklore.
Rewrite with AI:
Vampires of the Imagination:
In many cultural traditions, vampires are described as beings associated with death or the afterlife. They are often distinguished from ghosts, which are typically understood as disembodied spirits rather than reanimated bodies.
Folklore commonly portrays vampires as animated corpses that sustain themselves by consuming the blood or life‑essence of the living. This characteristic has contributed to their development as a distinct category of supernatural figure within literature and popular culture.
The idea of a blood‑dependent, corporeal being sets vampires apart from other figures in global folklore, many of which do not require physical sustenance or do not possess a physical form at all.
In modern fiction, these traditional concepts have evolved into what may be called “vampires of the imagination”—creative interpretations that draw inspiration from historical beliefs while adapting traits to suit narrative, thematic, or symbolic purposes. These fictional versions vary widely, but they typically retain the core elements associated with vampires in earlier traditions: a connection to death, a physical body, and a form of predatory dependence on the living.
Which seems best for Wikibooks? ~~
[[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 11:07, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
== New Topics, we can develop ==
I hope to write a new section. I used Copilot AI to generate new ideas for Create Vampires.
Here is an idea I would like to expand:
Historical and Cross-Cultural Origins of Vampire Archetypes
-Overview of vampire-like beings from other global folklore.
- How these traditions shape modern vampire tales.
- Build a table comparing characteristics across cultures.
I got a list of vampire-like "beings" from AI. I created a new page.
Historical And Cross-Cultural Origins of Vampire Archetypes:
Asanbosam (Ashanti, Ghana) — A forest‑dwelling creature with iron teeth and hook‑like feet; attacks from trees.
Obayifo (West Africa) — A witch‑like being believed to drain life‑energy from children.
Adze (Ewe, Togo/Ghana) — A vampiric spirit that can take the form of a firefly and feed on blood or life‑force.
European vampire-like beings:
Strigoi (Romania) — Restless dead who return to drain vitality or blood from the living.
Upir (Slavic regions) — Early Slavic vampire figure; often associated with disease and nocturnal attacks.
Nachzehrer (Germany) — A corpse believed to consume its own burial shroud and psychically drain the living.
Vrykolakas (Greece) — A reanimated body associated with plague, misfortune, and nocturnal predation.
Mullo (Romani) — A dead person who returns to harm or drain the living.
Asian vampire-like beings:
Jiangshi (China) — A “hopping” reanimated corpse that drains qi (life‑energy).
Penanggalan (Malaysia) — A woman whose head detaches with trailing organs; feeds on blood.
Manananggal (Philippines) — A being that separates its upper body and preys on humans at night.
Rakshasa (India) — A shape‑shifting demon that sometimes consumes flesh or life‑force.
Pontianak / Kuntilanak (Indonesia/Malaysia) — A vampiric spirit of a woman who died in childbirth
Middle Eastern vampire-like beings:
Ghul (Arabian folklore) — A desert‑dwelling creature that consumes flesh and sometimes blood.
Alp (Turkic regions) — A nocturnal spirit that causes nightmares and may drain vitality.
Estrie (Jewish folklore) — A female vampiric demon that feeds on blood.
The American vampire-like beings:
Chupacabra (Latin America) — A modern cryptid said to drain blood from livestock.
Tlahuelpuchi (Mexico, Tlaxcala) — A shape‑shifting being, often female, believed to feed on blood.
Soucouyant (Caribbean) — A woman who sheds her skin and becomes a fireball to feed on blood.
Wendigo (Algonquian peoples) — Not a vampire, but a cannibalistic spirit associated with hunger and consumption.
Oceanian vampire-like beings:
Yara-ma-yha-who (Australia, Aboriginal folklore) — A small red creature that drains blood through suckers on its hands and feet.
[[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 12:45, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
== Copilot AI Use ==
On May 12, 2026 <br>
I asked Microsoft Copilot (AI) several questions. <br>
Q: Hello Copilot. I have a question. What are a few ideas to use on a wikibooks page about vampires? The page is nonfictional. The page is entitled: Create Vampires. <br>
Q: Is this tone neutral? "Vampires of the Imagination" [section] <br>
Rewrite the entire "Vampires of the Imagination" section in perfect wikibooks tone.<br>
Q: Can you give a list of vampire-like beings in global folklore? <br>
Q: How do I cite my source? <br>
Build a bibliography for me. <br>
Q: How would I introduce the concept: Archetype, and the overview of vampire-like beings in global folklore? <br>
Q: Do you know how these traits shaped modern vampire traits? <br>
Create a table showing which cultures contributed which traits. <br>
Q: Can you please analyze The Vampire by Kipling? <br>
Q: Can you help me with literary and media analysis, tropes and how they evolved? <br>
Q: Can you give me examples of literary pitfalls? <br>
Analyze examples from literature or media that fall into or avoid these pitfalls. <br>
Q: Where [were] there any Authors who originated vampire tropes? <br>
Q: How do I reference vampire literary pitfalls and how to avoid them? <br>
Q: Can you cite your sources for the vampire literary pitfalls and how to avoid them section? <br>
<br>
End of questions concerning Create Vampires. <br>
I ask, did I document each instance of using AI correctly? [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 08:03, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:@[[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] to clarify, have you been using generative AI for all your contributions at Wikibooks? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::No. I have created many pages before May 12th, 2026, without assistance from AI.
::I have listed the prompts I used when interacting with Copilot, in order to brainstorm for new ideas.
::Copilot extended my original ideas for the books pages. [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 17:29, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] Got it. Please note that [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence|Wikibooks policy]] expressly prohibits the use of generative AI to {{tq|"generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks"}}, so this content you added after May 12 may need to be deleted. Let me know if you have any questions about this! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:07, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
== Now What? Thanks for reading, and commenting! ==
How do I un-learn the factual information Copilot (AI) gave me? Most of the information he listed, I found on Wikipedia, I then edited and summarized the information. Copilot provided a list that was specific, allowing me to easily access information on Wikipedia. How can I continue to use Wikipedia as a source, after having used Copilot?
I also rewrote most of the information Copilot introduced.
I treated Copilot like a resource, similar to Wikipedia, I was careful to re-write each line.
I also used Copilot to give me a list of Authors who influenced the vampire genre. This list had names of writers I had not read yet. How do I move around this list of famous Authors? They are a kind of "core" group of Authors.
[[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 18:57, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
== What About Search Engines? ==
Can I use Google's search engine to answer a few questions I had already asked Microsoft Copilot? I know that Google's search engine sometimes uses its AI to answer questions. Is this permitted? [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 19:52, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
== A General Question ==
This is a question concerning Wikibooks and Artificial Intelligence, or AI.<br>
Can Wikibooks create a section for AI-Wikibooks? I'm certain AI can provide extensive information to people, for FREE, in a tone that reflects Wikibook's stylistic standards. The only problems I see, is fact-checking the information AI provides.
Any thoughts? As of today, AI material is copyright free, because AI is not a person. [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 15:17, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
r8zt59vhhd4jafs9es2vmad7k1vrs09
Mirad Grammar/Pronunciation
0
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Tyoyafud
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/* Pronunciation of Simple Vowels */
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
<noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude>
= Consonants =
{{IPA notice}}
: Consonants are sounds that restrict air flow in the mouth. The sounds of the consonants in an abstract sense are '''''phonemes''''', while the symbols used to represent these sounds in writing are '''''graphemes'''''.
== Consonant graphemes and phonemes ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonant graphemes and their phonemic values represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller"
|+ Correspondence of Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
!row=1| Grapheme
| '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''q''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' || '''x''' || '''z'''
|-
!row=1| Phoneme
| /b/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /d/ || /f/ || /g/ || /h/ || /ʒ/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɽ/ || /s/ || /t/ || /v/ || /ʃ/ || /z/
|}
== Pronunciation of Consonants ==
: The following chart shows the Mirad consonants with their phonemic values in the IPA:
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! rowspan="1" | '''Nasal'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''Plosive'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/''' || || '''/g/''' ||
|-
! <small>'''unvoiced'''</small>
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''Affricate'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| || || || ||
|-
! <small>'''unvoiced'''</small>
| || || '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''Fricative'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| '''/v/''' || '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || ||
|-
! <small>'''unvoiced'''</small>
| '''/f/''' || '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|-
! rowspan="1" | '''Approximant'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| || '''/l/''' || || ||
|-
! rowspan="1" | '''Flap'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| || '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.
: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound). Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds. There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable. There are no silent consonants, although the letter '''h''' is silent at the end of a word but causes the stress to move to the final syllable. It is used in that way only in borrowed, non-native Mirad words. Also, there are no letters in "native" Mirad with diacritical marks like '''é''' or '''ñ'''.
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:
:* The letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English, or a ''ch'' in French.
:* In native Mirad words, '''h''' is pronounced like the ''h'' in English ''hand''. It is sometimes used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la<u>ch</u>ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba<u>ch</u>'''. If '''h''' comes at the end of a word, it is silent, but, being a consonant, it can serve to move the stress to the word-final syllable, as in '''Allah''', pronounced '''al-LA'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''<u>Zh</u>ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira<u>ge</u>''.
:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.
:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''<u>g</u>ap'', not as in English ''wa<u>g</u>e''.
:* The letter '''c''' represents the unvoiced affricative sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''<u>ch</u>ur<u>ch</u>''. Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', such as '''calilk''' (''chlorine''). The the '''c''' is found in a foreign borrowing unchanged in its spelling, then it is pronounced as it would be in that foreign word.
:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts. The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.
:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve<u>r</u>y'' or the single, intervocalic ''r'' in Spanish ''pe<u>r</u>o''.
:* The consonant '''q''' is usually pronounced as a '''k''', but in foreign borrowings or proper names, it may be pronounced according to context.
:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes. There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''. For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad. The English ''ch'' sound is represented in Mirad with the letter '''c'''. There are no equivalents in Mirad for the English sounds ''th'' in ''this'' or the ''th'' in ''think'', but the combination '''th''' in foreign borrowings is pronounced as it is in the source language.
: Here is a chart showing the phonetic values of Mirad consonants:
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; font-size: smaller; margin-left:3.2em "
|+ Consonants
|-
! Mirad Consonant/<br>Semi-Consonant<br>Grapheme !! IPA !! Articulation !! Nearest Equivalents
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''<u>b</u>on'', English ''<u>b</u>oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''<u>ch</u>ild'', Spanish ''<u>ch</u>ico''
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive || French ''<u>d</u>e'', English ''<u>d</u>og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced labio-dental fricative || English ''<u>f</u>og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''<u>g</u>are'', English ''<u>g</u>ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'').
|-
| '''h''' || [h]<br>[x] || glottal fricative || English ''<u>h</u>ouse''<br>(used in some foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba<u>ch</u>''. Not pronounced at the end of foreign borrowings like ''Allah'' or ''Arkansah''.
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''<u>j</u>e'' or English ''mira<u>g</u>e''.
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''<u>c</u>arte'', English ''s<u>k</u>ip'' (without aspiration).
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''<u>l</u>ove'' or French ''be<u>l</u>'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be<u>ll</u>''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''<u>m</u>other''.
|-
| '''n''' || [n]<br>[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''<u>n</u>obody''<br>Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa<u>n</u>g''.
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''<u>p</u>ain'', English ''s<u>p</u>an'' (without aspiration).
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, or some chemical names, where it pronounced ''k'' in Mirad).
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi<u>r</u>a'' or Italian ''<u>R</u>oma'' or British Eng. '''ve<u>r</u>y''.
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''<u>s</u>afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'').
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''<u>t</u>ous'', English ''s<u>t</u>op'' (without aspiration).
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced labial-dental fricative || English ''<u>v</u>ery''. Spanish and German speakers need to beware: this is not a bilabial consonant, nor is it an ''f'' sound.
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''<u>sh</u>ape'' or French ''<u>ch</u>er''
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''<u>z</u>one''. German speakers, beware. Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''<u>s</u>ehr''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
: Note that the sounds '''y''' and '''w''' are not included in the section on consonants, because they are glides, that is, they act as boundaries of the vowel nucleus of a syllable, but not the vowel nucleus itself. They are sometimes called semivowels or approximants, but in the present description of Mirad, they are treated in the following section on vowels.
= Vowels =
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and glided vowels. The simple vowels are single letters, while the glided vowels have one or more semi-vowel glides ('''y''' or '''w''') prefixed or suffixed. A '''y''' colors a vowel palatally, while a '''w''' colors a vowel labio-velarly.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The Mirad graphemes (alphabetic letters) used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em"
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! Grapheme !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
!row=1| Phoneme
| '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}
=== Pronunciation of Simple Vowels ===
: The vowel sounds depend on where they are produced in the mouth and whether the lips are rounded or not.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em"
|+ Articulation of Simple Vowels
|-
! || colspan="2" | Front || colspan="2"| Back
|- class=small
! || colspan="3" | Unrounded || Rounded
|- align=center
! High
| colspan="2"| '''i''' || || '''u'''
|- align=center
! Mid
| colspan="2"| '''e''' || || '''o'''
|- align=center
! Low
| colspan="2"| || '''ɑ''' ||
|}
:The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages. The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;"
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! Vowel !! IPA<sup>1</sup> !! Spanish !! French !! English<br>Approximation
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m<u>a</u>no || <u>à</u><br>[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f<u>a</u>ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h<u>e</u>cho || <u>et</u><br>[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d<u>ay</u>'' <sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s<u>i</u> || s<u>i</u><br>[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s<u>ee</u>''<sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n<u>o</u> || de l'<u>eau</u><br>[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s<u>o</u>''<sup>3</sup>
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t<u>u</u> || <u>ou</u><br>[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t<u>oo</u>''<sup>3</sup>
|}
: Note that in actual practice, '''i''' and '''e''' have a shorter, more relaxed sound if they are followed by a consonant in the same syllable (a closed syllable). The Mirad word '''it''' (''he/she/him/her'') sounds much like ''it'' in English. Similarly, '''e''' in '''eb''' (''between'') sounds like the short ''e'' in English ''ebb''.
:<small>Note 1) The International Phonetic Alphabet</small>
:<small>Note 2) This sound in English actually ends in palatal glide (''y'' sound) and is not pure as in French or Spanish.</small>
:<small>Note 3) This sound in English ends in a velar glide (''w'' sound) and is not pure as in French or Spanish.</small>
=== Glided Vowels ===
: Glided vowels are those preceded and/or followed by the semi-vowel glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible glided vowels, their IPA equivalents, and their approximate pronunciations using English and other languages.
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em"
|+ Glided Vowels
|-
! Glided Vowels !! IPA<sup>1</sup> !! Pronunciation
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-y-glided Vowels
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y<u>ach</u>t'', Fr. ''<u>hia</u>cinthe''<br>[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''<u>ye</u>t'', Fr. ''grill<u>é</u>'' (''grilled'')<br>[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''<u>yea</u>st''*, Fr. ''bou<u>illi</u>''
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''<u>yo</u>ke''*, Fr. ma<u>illot</u><br>[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''<u>you</u>''*, Fr. ''p<u>iou-piou</u>''
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-w-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w<u>a</u>ter'', Fr. ''g<u>oua</u>che'' (''poster paint'') <br>[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w<u>e</u>t'', Fr. ''<u>ouais</u>'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w<u>ee</u>''<sup>2</sup>, Fr. ''<u>oui</u>'' (''yes'')<br>[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w<u>o</u>ke''<sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w<u>oo</u>''<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan=3 | Post-y-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s<u>igh</u>t'', Sp. ''h<u>ay</u>'' (''there is'')<br>[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d<u>ay</u>'', Sp. ''r<u>ey</u>'' (''king'')<br>[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s<u>ee</u>'', Fr. ''b<u>ille</u>'' (''marble'')<br>[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b<u>oy</u>'', Sp. ''h<u>oy</u>'' (''today'')<br>[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g<u>ooey</u>'', Sp. ''m<u>uy</u>'' (''very'')<br>[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Post-w-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''<u>awe</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || colloq. Eng. ''T<u>ell</u> me!''<br>[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''<u>eew!</u> (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni<u>ew</u>''<br>[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn<u>ow</u>'', f<u>oe</u><br>[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g<u>oo</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-y-Post-w-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''yaw''' || [jaʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>a</u>w''<br>[[File:en-us-yaw.ogg]]
|-
| '''yew''' || [jeʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>e</u>ll'' (very rare)
|-
| '''yiw''' || [jiʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>ie</u>ld'' (very rare)
|-
| '''yow''' || [joʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>o</u> bro!''
|-
| '''yuw''' || [juʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>ou</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-you.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Circum-y-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>i</u>kes''<br>[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>ea</u>!''<br>[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>ee</u>sh! (sound of disgust)''<br>[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>oi</u>nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )<br>
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H<u>ughie</u>''<br>[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-w-Post-y-Glided
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''<u>wi</u>se'', Fr. '''<u>ouailles</u>''' (''flock'')<br>[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''<u>way</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''<u>wee</u>!'' (sound of fun)<br>[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''<u>woy</u>'' (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''<u>wooi</u>sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above glided vowels are considered single vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress. So, a word like '''boy''' (''without'') has one consonant ('''b''') and one vowel '''oy''', a post-glided vowel. The letter '''y''' is not a consonant. Similarly, the word '''yan''' (''together'') is composed of the pre-glided vowel '''ya''' plus the consonant '''n'''.
: The combination '''hw''' in Mirad is pronounced exactly as ''wh'' in English. The Mirad word '''hway''' (''bravo'') is pronounced exactly as English '''why?'''. The Mirad word is spelled with one consonant ('''h''') followed by one pre-&post-glided vowel '''way'''.
: Note that Mirad currently has no words that end in '''w''' except for the prefix '''gaw-''', which means ''re-'' as in English ''re-do''. Words with final '''w''' may be used to represent proper names of people and places but none exist so far in the current Mirad-English dictionary. When '''w''' appears before a vowel, the '''w''' belongs to the syllable following it. The word for ''one'', '''awa''', is syllabified as '''a-wa''' and is stressed on the first syllable. Except for proper nouns referring to people and places, such as '''Waxington''', there are also no native (non-borrowed) Mirad words that begin with '''w''' except for some masculine pronouns like '''wit''' (''he/him''), the sound of the letter '''w''' ('''wu'''), and the chemical terms '''wulk''' (''tungsten'') and '''wumulk''' ''w boson'').
<div style="font-size:smaller">
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet. See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]].
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel. The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel. The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
</div>
<noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}</noinclude>
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<noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude>
= Consonants =
{{IPA notice}}
: Consonants are sounds that restrict air flow in the mouth. The sounds of the consonants in an abstract sense are '''''phonemes''''', while the symbols used to represent these sounds in writing are '''''graphemes'''''.
== Consonant graphemes and phonemes ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonant graphemes and their phonemic values represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller"
|+ Correspondence of Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
!row=1| Grapheme
| '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''q''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' || '''x''' || '''z'''
|-
!row=1| Phoneme
| /b/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /d/ || /f/ || /g/ || /h/ || /ʒ/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɽ/ || /s/ || /t/ || /v/ || /ʃ/ || /z/
|}
== Pronunciation of Consonants ==
: The following chart shows the Mirad consonants with their phonemic values in the IPA:
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! rowspan="1" | '''Nasal'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''Plosive'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/''' || || '''/g/''' ||
|-
! <small>'''unvoiced'''</small>
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''Affricate'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| || || || ||
|-
! <small>'''unvoiced'''</small>
| || || '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''Fricative'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| '''/v/''' || '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || ||
|-
! <small>'''unvoiced'''</small>
| '''/f/''' || '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|-
! rowspan="1" | '''Approximant'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| || '''/l/''' || || ||
|-
! rowspan="1" | '''Flap'''
! <small>'''voiced'''</small>
| || '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.
: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound). Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds. There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable. There are no silent consonants, although the letter '''h''' is silent at the end of a word but causes the stress to move to the final syllable. It is used in that way only in borrowed, non-native Mirad words. Also, there are no letters in "native" Mirad with diacritical marks like '''é''' or '''ñ'''.
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:
:* The letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English, or a ''ch'' in French.
:* In native Mirad words, '''h''' is pronounced like the ''h'' in English ''hand''. It is sometimes used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la<u>ch</u>ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba<u>ch</u>'''. If '''h''' comes at the end of a word, it is silent, but, being a consonant, it can serve to move the stress to the word-final syllable, as in '''Allah''', pronounced '''al-LA'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''<u>Zh</u>ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira<u>ge</u>''.
:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.
:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''<u>g</u>ap'', not as in English ''wa<u>g</u>e''.
:* The letter '''c''' represents the unvoiced affricative sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''<u>ch</u>ur<u>ch</u>''. Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', such as '''calilk''' (''chlorine''). The the '''c''' is found in a foreign borrowing unchanged in its spelling, then it is pronounced as it would be in that foreign word.
:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts. The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.
:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve<u>r</u>y'' or the single, intervocalic ''r'' in Spanish ''pe<u>r</u>o''.
:* The consonant '''q''' is usually pronounced as a '''k''', but in foreign borrowings or proper names, it may be pronounced according to context.
:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes. There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''. For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad. The English ''ch'' sound is represented in Mirad with the letter '''c'''. There are no equivalents in Mirad for the English sounds ''th'' in ''this'' or the ''th'' in ''think'', but the combination '''th''' in foreign borrowings is pronounced as it is in the source language.
: Here is a chart showing the phonetic values of Mirad consonants:
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; font-size: smaller; margin-left:3.2em "
|+ Consonants
|-
! Mirad Consonant/<br>Semi-Consonant<br>Grapheme !! IPA !! Articulation !! Nearest Equivalents
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''<u>b</u>on'', English ''<u>b</u>oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''<u>ch</u>ild'', Spanish ''<u>ch</u>ico''
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive || French ''<u>d</u>e'', English ''<u>d</u>og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced labio-dental fricative || English ''<u>f</u>og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''<u>g</u>are'', English ''<u>g</u>ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'').
|-
| '''h''' || [h]<br>[x] || glottal fricative || English ''<u>h</u>ouse''<br>(used in some foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba<u>ch</u>''. Not pronounced at the end of foreign borrowings like ''Allah'' or ''Arkansah''.
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''<u>j</u>e'' or English ''mira<u>g</u>e''.
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''<u>c</u>arte'', English ''s<u>k</u>ip'' (without aspiration).
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''<u>l</u>ove'' or French ''be<u>l</u>'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be<u>ll</u>''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''<u>m</u>other''.
|-
| '''n''' || [n]<br>[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''<u>n</u>obody''<br>Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa<u>n</u>g''.
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''<u>p</u>ain'', English ''s<u>p</u>an'' (without aspiration).
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, or some chemical names, where it pronounced ''k'' in Mirad).
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi<u>r</u>a'' or Italian ''<u>R</u>oma'' or British Eng. '''ve<u>r</u>y''.
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''<u>s</u>afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'').
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''<u>t</u>ous'', English ''s<u>t</u>op'' (without aspiration).
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced labial-dental fricative || English ''<u>v</u>ery''. Spanish and German speakers need to beware: this is not a bilabial consonant, nor is it an ''f'' sound.
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''<u>sh</u>ape'' or French ''<u>ch</u>er''
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''<u>z</u>one''. German speakers, beware. Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''<u>s</u>ehr''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
: Note that the sounds '''y''' and '''w''' are not included in the section on consonants, because they are glides, that is, they act as boundaries of the vowel nucleus of a syllable, but not the vowel nucleus itself. They are sometimes called semivowels or approximants, but in the present description of Mirad, they are treated in the following section on vowels.
= Vowels =
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and glided vowels. The simple vowels are single letters, while the glided vowels have one or more semi-vowel glides ('''y''' or '''w''') prefixed or suffixed. A '''y''' colors a vowel palatally, while a '''w''' colors a vowel labio-velarly.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The Mirad graphemes (alphabetic letters) used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em"
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! Grapheme !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
!row=1| Phoneme
| '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}
=== Pronunciation of Simple Vowels ===
: The vowel sounds depend on where they are produced in the mouth and whether the lips are rounded or not.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em"
|+ Articulation of Simple Vowels
|-
! || colspan="2" | Front || colspan="2"| Back
|- class=small
! || colspan="3" | Unrounded || Rounded
|- align=center
! High
| colspan="2"| '''i''' || || '''u'''
|- align=center
! Mid
| colspan="2"| '''e''' || || '''o'''
|- align=center
! Low
| colspan="2"| || '''ɑ''' ||
|}
:The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages. The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;"
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! Vowel !! IPA<sup>1</sup> !! Spanish !! French !! English<br>Approximation
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m<u>a</u>no || <u>à</u><br>[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f<u>a</u>ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h<u>e</u>cho || <u>et</u><br>[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d<u>ay</u>'' <sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s<u>i</u> || s<u>i</u><br>[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s<u>ee</u>''<sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n<u>o</u> || de l'<u>eau</u><br>[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s<u>o</u>''<sup>3</sup>
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t<u>u</u> || <u>ou</u><br>[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t<u>oo</u>''<sup>3</sup>
|}
: Note that in actual practice, '''i''' and '''e''' have a shorter, more relaxed sound if they are followed by a consonant in the same syllable (a closed syllable). The Mirad word '''it''' (''he/she/him/her'') sounds much like ''it'' in English. Similarly, '''e''' in '''eb''' (''between'') sounds like the short ''e'' in English ''ebb''.
:<small>Note 1) The International Phonetic Alphabet</small>
:<small>Note 2) This sound in English actually ends in palatal glide (''y'' sound) and is not pure as in French or Spanish.</small>
:<small>Note 3) This sound in English ends in a velar glide (''w'' sound) and is not pure as in French or Spanish.</small>
=== Glided Vowels ===
: Glided vowels are those preceded and/or followed by the semi-vowel glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible glided vowels, their IPA equivalents, and their approximate pronunciations using English and other languages.
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em"
|+ Glided Vowels
|-
! Glided Vowels !! IPA<sup>1</sup> !! Pronunciation
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-y-glided Vowels
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y<u>ach</u>t'', Fr. ''<u>hia</u>cinthe''<br>[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''<u>ye</u>t'', Fr. ''grill<u>é</u>'' (''grilled'')<br>[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''<u>yea</u>st''*, Fr. ''bou<u>illi</u>''
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''<u>yo</u>ke''*, Fr. ma<u>illot</u><br>[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''<u>you</u>''*, Fr. ''p<u>iou-piou</u>''
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-w-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w<u>a</u>ter'', Fr. ''g<u>oua</u>che'' (''poster paint'') <br>[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w<u>e</u>t'', Fr. ''<u>ouais</u>'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w<u>ee</u>''<sup>2</sup>, Fr. ''<u>oui</u>'' (''yes'')<br>[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w<u>o</u>ke''<sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w<u>oo</u>''<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan=3 | Post-y-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s<u>igh</u>t'', Sp. ''h<u>ay</u>'' (''there is'')<br>[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d<u>ay</u>'', Sp. ''r<u>ey</u>'' (''king'')<br>[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s<u>ee</u>'', Fr. ''b<u>ille</u>'' (''marble'')<br>[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b<u>oy</u>'', Sp. ''h<u>oy</u>'' (''today'')<br>[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g<u>ooey</u>'', Sp. ''m<u>uy</u>'' (''very'')<br>[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Post-w-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''<u>awe</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || colloq. Eng. ''T<u>ell</u> me!''<br>[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''<u>eew!</u> (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni<u>ew</u>''<br>[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn<u>ow</u>'', f<u>oe</u><br>[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g<u>oo</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-y-Post-w-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''yaw''' || [jaʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>a</u>w''<br>[[File:en-us-yaw.ogg]]
|-
| '''yew''' || [jeʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>e</u>ll'' (very rare)
|-
| '''yiw''' || [jiʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>ie</u>ld'' (very rare)
|-
| '''yow''' || [joʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>o</u> bro!''
|-
| '''yuw''' || [juʊ] || Eng. ''y<u>ou</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-you.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Circum-y-Glided Vowels
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>i</u>kes''<br>[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>ea</u>!''<br>[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>ee</u>sh! (sound of disgust)''<br>[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y<u>oi</u>nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )<br>
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H<u>ughie</u>''<br>[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | Pre-w-Post-y-Glided
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''<u>wi</u>se'', Fr. '''<u>ouailles</u>''' (''flock'')<br>[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''<u>way</u>''<br>[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''<u>wee</u>!'' (sound of fun)<br>[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''<u>woy</u>'' (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''<u>wooi</u>sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above glided vowels are considered single vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress. So, a word like '''boy''' (''without'') has one consonant ('''b''') and one vowel '''oy''', a post-glided vowel. The letter '''y''' is not a consonant. Similarly, the word '''yan''' (''together'') is composed of the pre-glided vowel '''ya''' plus the consonant '''n'''.
: The combination '''hw''' in Mirad is pronounced exactly as ''wh'' in English. The Mirad word '''hway''' (''bravo'') is pronounced exactly as English '''why?'''. The Mirad word is spelled with one consonant ('''h''') followed by one pre-&post-glided vowel '''way'''.
: Note that Mirad currently has no words that end in '''w''' except for the prefix '''gaw-''', which means ''re-'' as in English ''re-do''. Words with final '''w''' may be used to represent proper names of people and places but none exist so far in the current Mirad-English dictionary. When '''w''' appears before a vowel, the '''w''' belongs to the syllable following it. The word for ''one'', '''awa''', is syllabified as '''a-wa''' and is stressed on the first syllable. Except for proper nouns referring to people and places, such as '''Waxington''', there are also no native (non-borrowed) Mirad words that begin with '''w''' except for some masculine pronouns like '''wit''' (''he/him''), the sound of the letter '''w''' ('''wu'''), and the chemical terms '''wulk''' (''tungsten'') and '''wumulk''' (''w boson'').
<div style="font-size:smaller">
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet. See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]].
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel. The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel. The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
</div>
<noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}</noinclude>
miuq1vcevr5qyhtbjbbbegxnhnn9khg
Mirad Grammar/Syllabification
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<noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude>
: Every syllable in Mirad contains one and only one vowel. A '''y''' when final or followed by a consonant is used to post-y-glide or diphthongize the previous vowel and is therefore considered part of the syllable in which that vowel is the nucleus (see case 2, below). Similarly, the '''''liquids''''' '''r''' and '''l''', when final or followed by a consonant are considered to be a part of the syllable where the preceding vowel is the nucleus (see case 4, below). Two vowels in a row form two syllabic nuclei (see cases 3, 6, and 7, below). How syllables are divided is important for determining where the stress accent goes in a word (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Stress]], below).
{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;margin-left:4.8em"
|+ Syllabification
|-
! Example !! Syllabified ('''+''' = syllable boundary)
|-
| '''ama'''.....''hot'' || '''a+ma'''
|-
| '''ayma'''.....''warm'' || '''ay+ma'''
|-
| '''aymsea'''.....''warming up'' || '''aym+se+a'''
|-
| '''pixwa'''....''caught'' || '''pix+wa'''
|-
| '''upayo'''....''will have come'' || '''u+pa+yo'''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vya+a'''
|-
| '''vyaay'''....''truly'' || '''vya+ay'''
|-
| '''tambwa'''....''settled'' || '''tam+bwa'''
|-
| '''faof'''....''plank'' || '''fa+of'''
|-
| '''twoyba'''....''he-she'' || '''twoy+ba'''
|-
| '''yansauna'''....''common'' || '''yan+sa+u+na'''
|-
| '''gaw-ejaxer'''....''renovate'' || '''gaw+e+ja+xer'''
|-
| '''gawa'''....''another'' || '''ga+wa'''
|}
: If a '''y''' or '''w''' glide comes between vowels, a hyphen is used to indicate that the glide belongs to the previous syllable:
:* '''zoyeper'''....''to enter through the rear'' (< '''zo'''....''rear'' + '''yeper'''....''to enter'')
:* '''zoy-eper'''....''to get back in'' (< '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''eper'''....''to get in'')
:* '''zoyper'''....''to return'' (< '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''per'''....''to go'')
:* '''zoy-uzber'''....''to revert'' (< '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''uzber'''....''to turn'')
:* '''zoyuzber'''....''to circle behind'' (< '''zo'''....''rear'' + '''yuzber'''....''to circle'')
:* '''gawa'''....''once again'' (< '''ga'''....''more'' + '''wa'''....stub for '''awa'''....''one'')
:* '''gaw-aber'''....''reapply'' (<'''gaw'''....''re-'' + '''aber'''....''apply''
<noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronunciation|Stress}}</noinclude>
rneny907jp4k4dky0tehwm3kknenvfz
Short guide to printing objects using 3D printers
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Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) is the process of printing an object as it was designed with a 3D software, usually requires a previous slicing with a 3D printer software, this facilitate the printing of the object step by step. Many 3D printers use a solid resin filament is used as "ink" a header heat the filament and then printing use it to print the designed objecets.
The 3D printer machines that this book works with are ade by Two Manufacturers:
1.- Ultimaker their models are:
* Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker Original+,
* Ultimaker 2, Ultimaker 2 to go, Ultimaker 2 extended, Ultimaker 2 extended +, Ultimaker 2+ Connect,
* Ultimaker S3.
* Ultimaker 3 series, Ultimaker 3 extended,
* Ultimaker S5, etc.
2.- Prusa
Prusa filament printers:
* Original Prusa MINI+
* Original Prusa i3 MK3S+
* Original Prusa MK4 – newer flagship FDM printer, faster and more precise than MK3 series
* Original Prusa XL – large-format printer, can use multiple toolheads (multi-material printing)
Prusa Resin (SLA/MSLA) printers
Prusa Research lineup are MINI+ for beginners, MK series for reliable everyday printing, XL for large or multi-material professional builds, and SL1S SPEED for high-detail resin printing.
This guide may be useful when printing objects from other manufactures such the models produced by Aleph Objects, Airwold 3D, AIO Robotics, 3D Maker, Sindoh, Voxeljet, Mcor, Materialise NV, Fusion3, FormLabs, EnvisionTEC, Creality, Carbon 3D, among others.
== 3D printers ==
3D printers follow instructions on a file that gives it the steps to print segment by segment an object until its completion. They use a solid material, usually a solid resin at room temperature, the filament is loaded into the printer header which heat the resin, liquifying it, the segments are printed and in a semiliquid segments added one at a time to the plate, the segments are the building blocks of the object, they are fused due effects of the gravity force while at the time they solidify when reach room temperature, at the time that the complete object is printed. The company Made In Space is developing 3D printers to be used in microgravity for 3D printing in planets with lower gravity or during interplanetary travel.
3D printing files can be stored in USB drives and then inserted in the printers USB slots. Newer printer versions can also work with files stored in computers or also use Bluetooth, wife and cloud services to access these files.
=== User interface ===
3D printers can be used and controlled with a touch screen frontal panel and also with a traditional frontal LCD panel and a dial to select the printer options and the files stored in a USB drive. Other 3D printers can be controlled with a computer connected to them.
They use an internal software to operate, most of the time the user interaction with the printers is to select the file to print and press start to begin the printer.
Newer 3D printer versions recognize what was the last file added to the usb drive, the older version allow to select the file with a dial located in the front of the printer while reading the files also in the screen located in the front of the printer.
The material used to create objects may vary, the current most use material is Polylactic acid (PLA), but other materials are also used. 3D printers liquify and then print the object while is solidified when returned to room temperature.
3D printers most used format is .stl, but they also work with the following formats: OBJ, X3D, 3MF, 3DS, OBJ, AMF, STEP, COLLADA, PLY, FBX, 3MF, IGES, among others.
=== Materials ===
One of the most common material used with 3D printers are resins of Polylactic acid (PLA) they come in a spool that is placed in one of the spoon holders of 3D printers to be used as a printer material. 3D printers may also work with the following materials:
* Polypropylene (PP)
* Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
* Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
* Polylactic acid (PLA)
* Tough PLA,[29]
* Copolyester (CPE)
* Nylon
* Polycarbonate (PC)
* Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A)
* Breakaway
* Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
* Metals,
* Ceramics.
Luminous PLA also can be used in some 3D printers, these are materials that absorb light energy and glow in the dark while release the absorbed energy. Many Ultimaker printers are not capable to print Luminous PLA.
=== Other options ===
Many 3D printer machines allow the use of more than one filament and colors, these options can be selected in Cura, the software will instruct the printer how to use the filaments.
==3D printer use==
The use of a 3D machine can be summarized to 3 steps, loading a filament, selecting the file to print and wait until the object is completed.
The steps to use a 3D printer are the followed:
Turn on the printer: The on off button is located in the back of the printer.
===Choose and load a filament===
Select a spool of filament, it can be a resin pla filament of any choose color, or another material. Check that is not the filament is not bended or melted, if it is, cut the bended or melted part.
Put the filament spool in the spool holder in the back of the printer, and insert it into the 3D printer following the printer instructions (sometimes this is pressing a button to allow the filament be introduced into the printer). Put the spool in the holder in a way that the filament is oriented towards the machine filament input feeder.
Load the filament using the frontal menu in the printer, select the chosen resin type. If the filament does not reach the header, select load material again, when it reaches the header will extrude the material.
Wait until the material is printed in an extension of the long of 2 arms extended, and select the option accept. confirm if this is the case or in case of failure, reload the material and confirm.
If the filament is not entirely loaded and does not reach the header and stays in the middle of the hose, it could be due the material is bended, if this is the case, unload it, cut it and restart the process. In some printers the header blinks in blue when is not heating and in red when is heating
===Select the file to print===
Input the USB drive into the 3D printer, then select the object to print. Wait the minutes or hours that are indicated in the printers frontal screen.
Choose the material used and load it, in case that the material is not detected, select the material and confirm. If necessary take the previous material out and reinsert, then if the material is being extruded, confirm when material is being extruded. If the file is not detected, use a .stl format instead.
===Print the file===
In the LCD screen choose the Print option, the building plate will be heated for a few minutes, then it will print the object, this time can be a few minutes or a few hours the time will be displayed in the LCD screen.
When the object is completely printed the message will be shown in the LCD screen.
===Final steps===
Wait two minutes after the object is printed in order to allow the base and object cool down, then Unload the material using an spatula.
Remove the USB flash drive.
Clic the return option, material, unload material, let the filament exit the printer.
Push the button to take the filament out of the printer, ant put the resin in its box.
Turn off the printer.
==Software==
=== Cura (free software) ===
Since 1970 many 3D printer manufacturers designed their own software, but their software was not designed to operate in other 3D printer machines. In 2012 David Braam created the first 3D printing free software, Cura. This software allow the slicing of 3D objects and add the instructions that the 3D printers require in order to print a complete object using small slices or segments that are fused into a complete object. It also allows make modifications in the object and also allows changes of the 3d printing process such are speed, temperature, among others.
The company Ultimaker continued the developing of Cura since 2015, renaming it as Ultimaker Cura.
The main function of 3d printing software is slicing the 3D object, this will allow to create each section of the object at once in an stablished order, the format used is .slt, the files generated can range from 10 MB to 1 GB. .SLT files can be saved into the USB drive. Once the .slt file is generated it can be printed in a 3D printer with just a file saved into a USB drive. The software also indicates the time required to printer a file with the model of printer selected.
=== Other adjustments ===
Other adjustments that can be done with 3D printing software are speed, size of the object, temperature, etc. The speed selected can affect the quality and the shape of the object printed.
Objects that do not have a heavy base may require to add a flat base at the base to avoid that the head of the printer move the object while printing it. Users can modify this selecting printing settings option (it is located below the monitor option and above the model window), there choose the "build plate adhesion" and add an adhesion type, these could be: Skirt, Brim and Raft.
When one of the pieces does not touch the surface of the printer place, support can be added, select the option generate support, support placement everywhere, this will increase the printing time a few more minutes, but it will allow the accurate and complete printing of all the segments of the object.
=== Requirements ===
Cura software use less than 1 GB of space and requires less than 500 MB RAM, it can be installed in many operative systems, including Linux, Windows and Mac OS.
=== Creation of 3D objects ===
Cura can be used to create 3D objects, but other software can also be used, among them can be named Blender (also free software), Autodesk 3Ds Max, Siemens NX, SolidWorks among others. They can generate 3D objects and also 3D texts.
=== Use of free 3D object designs ===
Other option for 3D printer users is to print objects designed for other users, they are available in many websites that have a list of 3D objects and the option to download the objects, some designers are benefited by donations given by the user of their objects.
=== Prusa Slicer ===
Is the prusa software to slice 3d models, making them ready to be printed in any of Prusa 3D printers, It can be downladed and installed, used online or used on USB flash drives.
==See also==
[[Short introduction to the use of sewing machines]]
[[Short introduction to the use of cutting plotter machines]]
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines]]
== External links ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura_(software)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{shelves}}
14i7jtojwb6t7seeibymcywbejxsbhd
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~2026-30811-65
3593235
/* Software */
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) is the process of printing an object as it was designed with a 3D software, usually requires a previous slicing with a 3D printer software, this facilitate the printing of the object step by step. Many 3D printers use a solid resin filament is used as "ink" a header heat the filament and then printing use it to print the designed objecets.
The 3D printer machines that this book works with are ade by Two Manufacturers:
1.- Ultimaker their models are:
* Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker Original+,
* Ultimaker 2, Ultimaker 2 to go, Ultimaker 2 extended, Ultimaker 2 extended +, Ultimaker 2+ Connect,
* Ultimaker S3.
* Ultimaker 3 series, Ultimaker 3 extended,
* Ultimaker S5, etc.
2.- Prusa
Prusa filament printers:
* Original Prusa MINI+
* Original Prusa i3 MK3S+
* Original Prusa MK4 – newer flagship FDM printer, faster and more precise than MK3 series
* Original Prusa XL – large-format printer, can use multiple toolheads (multi-material printing)
Prusa Resin (SLA/MSLA) printers
Prusa Research lineup are MINI+ for beginners, MK series for reliable everyday printing, XL for large or multi-material professional builds, and SL1S SPEED for high-detail resin printing.
This guide may be useful when printing objects from other manufactures such the models produced by Aleph Objects, Airwold 3D, AIO Robotics, 3D Maker, Sindoh, Voxeljet, Mcor, Materialise NV, Fusion3, FormLabs, EnvisionTEC, Creality, Carbon 3D, among others.
== 3D printers ==
3D printers follow instructions on a file that gives it the steps to print segment by segment an object until its completion. They use a solid material, usually a solid resin at room temperature, the filament is loaded into the printer header which heat the resin, liquifying it, the segments are printed and in a semiliquid segments added one at a time to the plate, the segments are the building blocks of the object, they are fused due effects of the gravity force while at the time they solidify when reach room temperature, at the time that the complete object is printed. The company Made In Space is developing 3D printers to be used in microgravity for 3D printing in planets with lower gravity or during interplanetary travel.
3D printing files can be stored in USB drives and then inserted in the printers USB slots. Newer printer versions can also work with files stored in computers or also use Bluetooth, wife and cloud services to access these files.
=== User interface ===
3D printers can be used and controlled with a touch screen frontal panel and also with a traditional frontal LCD panel and a dial to select the printer options and the files stored in a USB drive. Other 3D printers can be controlled with a computer connected to them.
They use an internal software to operate, most of the time the user interaction with the printers is to select the file to print and press start to begin the printer.
Newer 3D printer versions recognize what was the last file added to the usb drive, the older version allow to select the file with a dial located in the front of the printer while reading the files also in the screen located in the front of the printer.
The material used to create objects may vary, the current most use material is Polylactic acid (PLA), but other materials are also used. 3D printers liquify and then print the object while is solidified when returned to room temperature.
3D printers most used format is .stl, but they also work with the following formats: OBJ, X3D, 3MF, 3DS, OBJ, AMF, STEP, COLLADA, PLY, FBX, 3MF, IGES, among others.
=== Materials ===
One of the most common material used with 3D printers are resins of Polylactic acid (PLA) they come in a spool that is placed in one of the spoon holders of 3D printers to be used as a printer material. 3D printers may also work with the following materials:
* Polypropylene (PP)
* Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
* Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
* Polylactic acid (PLA)
* Tough PLA,[29]
* Copolyester (CPE)
* Nylon
* Polycarbonate (PC)
* Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A)
* Breakaway
* Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
* Metals,
* Ceramics.
Luminous PLA also can be used in some 3D printers, these are materials that absorb light energy and glow in the dark while release the absorbed energy. Many Ultimaker printers are not capable to print Luminous PLA.
=== Other options ===
Many 3D printer machines allow the use of more than one filament and colors, these options can be selected in Cura, the software will instruct the printer how to use the filaments.
==3D printer use==
The use of a 3D machine can be summarized to 3 steps, loading a filament, selecting the file to print and wait until the object is completed.
The steps to use a 3D printer are the followed:
Turn on the printer: The on off button is located in the back of the printer.
===Choose and load a filament===
Select a spool of filament, it can be a resin pla filament of any choose color, or another material. Check that is not the filament is not bended or melted, if it is, cut the bended or melted part.
Put the filament spool in the spool holder in the back of the printer, and insert it into the 3D printer following the printer instructions (sometimes this is pressing a button to allow the filament be introduced into the printer). Put the spool in the holder in a way that the filament is oriented towards the machine filament input feeder.
Load the filament using the frontal menu in the printer, select the chosen resin type. If the filament does not reach the header, select load material again, when it reaches the header will extrude the material.
Wait until the material is printed in an extension of the long of 2 arms extended, and select the option accept. confirm if this is the case or in case of failure, reload the material and confirm.
If the filament is not entirely loaded and does not reach the header and stays in the middle of the hose, it could be due the material is bended, if this is the case, unload it, cut it and restart the process. In some printers the header blinks in blue when is not heating and in red when is heating
===Select the file to print===
Input the USB drive into the 3D printer, then select the object to print. Wait the minutes or hours that are indicated in the printers frontal screen.
Choose the material used and load it, in case that the material is not detected, select the material and confirm. If necessary take the previous material out and reinsert, then if the material is being extruded, confirm when material is being extruded. If the file is not detected, use a .stl format instead.
===Print the file===
In the LCD screen choose the Print option, the building plate will be heated for a few minutes, then it will print the object, this time can be a few minutes or a few hours the time will be displayed in the LCD screen.
When the object is completely printed the message will be shown in the LCD screen.
===Final steps===
Wait two minutes after the object is printed in order to allow the base and object cool down, then Unload the material using an spatula.
Remove the USB flash drive.
Clic the return option, material, unload material, let the filament exit the printer.
Push the button to take the filament out of the printer, ant put the resin in its box.
Turn off the printer.
==Software==
=== Cura (free software) ===
Since 1970 many 3D printer manufacturers designed their own software, but their software was not designed to operate in other 3D printer machines. In 2012 David Braam created the first 3D printing free software, Cura. This software allow the slicing of 3D objects and add the instructions that the 3D printers require in order to print a complete object using small slices or segments that are fused into a complete object. It also allows make modifications in the object and also allows changes of the 3d printing process such are speed, temperature, among others.
The company Ultimaker continued the developing of Cura since 2015, renaming it as Ultimaker Cura.
The main function of 3d printing software is slicing the 3D object, this will allow to create each section of the object at once in an stablished order, the format used is .slt, the files generated can range from 10 MB to 1 GB. .SLT files can be saved into the USB drive. Once the .slt file is generated it can be printed in a 3D printer with just a file saved into a USB drive. The software also indicates the time required to printer a file with the model of printer selected.
==== Other adjustments ====
Other adjustments that can be done with 3D printing software are speed, size of the object, temperature, etc. The speed selected can affect the quality and the shape of the object printed.
Objects that do not have a heavy base may require to add a flat base at the base to avoid that the head of the printer move the object while printing it. Users can modify this selecting printing settings option (it is located below the monitor option and above the model window), there choose the "build plate adhesion" and add an adhesion type, these could be: Skirt, Brim and Raft.
When one of the pieces does not touch the surface of the printer place, support can be added, select the option generate support, support placement everywhere, this will increase the printing time a few more minutes, but it will allow the accurate and complete printing of all the segments of the object.
==== Requirements ====
Cura software use less than 1 GB of space and requires less than 500 MB RAM, it can be installed in many operative systems, including Linux, Windows and Mac OS.
==== Creation of 3D objects ====
Cura can be used to create 3D objects, but other software can also be used, among them can be named Blender (also free software), Autodesk 3Ds Max, Siemens NX, SolidWorks among others. They can generate 3D objects and also 3D texts.
==== Use of free 3D object designs ====
Other option for 3D printer users is to print objects designed for other users, they are available in many websites that have a list of 3D objects and the option to download the objects, some designers are benefited by donations given by the user of their objects.
=== Prusa Slicer ===
Is the prusa software to slice 3d models, making them ready to be printed in any of Prusa 3D printers, It can be downladed and installed, used online or used on USB flash drives.
==See also==
[[Short introduction to the use of sewing machines]]
[[Short introduction to the use of cutting plotter machines]]
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines]]
== External links ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura_(software)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{shelves}}
p2yhskamh9c066es4xf0l4qc3nvz5jt
4637329
4637327
2026-05-23T21:07:23Z
~2026-30811-65
3593235
/* Prusa Slicer */
4637329
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) is the process of printing an object as it was designed with a 3D software, usually requires a previous slicing with a 3D printer software, this facilitate the printing of the object step by step. Many 3D printers use a solid resin filament is used as "ink" a header heat the filament and then printing use it to print the designed objecets.
The 3D printer machines that this book works with are ade by Two Manufacturers:
1.- Ultimaker their models are:
* Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker Original+,
* Ultimaker 2, Ultimaker 2 to go, Ultimaker 2 extended, Ultimaker 2 extended +, Ultimaker 2+ Connect,
* Ultimaker S3.
* Ultimaker 3 series, Ultimaker 3 extended,
* Ultimaker S5, etc.
2.- Prusa
Prusa filament printers:
* Original Prusa MINI+
* Original Prusa i3 MK3S+
* Original Prusa MK4 – newer flagship FDM printer, faster and more precise than MK3 series
* Original Prusa XL – large-format printer, can use multiple toolheads (multi-material printing)
Prusa Resin (SLA/MSLA) printers
Prusa Research lineup are MINI+ for beginners, MK series for reliable everyday printing, XL for large or multi-material professional builds, and SL1S SPEED for high-detail resin printing.
This guide may be useful when printing objects from other manufactures such the models produced by Aleph Objects, Airwold 3D, AIO Robotics, 3D Maker, Sindoh, Voxeljet, Mcor, Materialise NV, Fusion3, FormLabs, EnvisionTEC, Creality, Carbon 3D, among others.
== 3D printers ==
3D printers follow instructions on a file that gives it the steps to print segment by segment an object until its completion. They use a solid material, usually a solid resin at room temperature, the filament is loaded into the printer header which heat the resin, liquifying it, the segments are printed and in a semiliquid segments added one at a time to the plate, the segments are the building blocks of the object, they are fused due effects of the gravity force while at the time they solidify when reach room temperature, at the time that the complete object is printed. The company Made In Space is developing 3D printers to be used in microgravity for 3D printing in planets with lower gravity or during interplanetary travel.
3D printing files can be stored in USB drives and then inserted in the printers USB slots. Newer printer versions can also work with files stored in computers or also use Bluetooth, wife and cloud services to access these files.
=== User interface ===
3D printers can be used and controlled with a touch screen frontal panel and also with a traditional frontal LCD panel and a dial to select the printer options and the files stored in a USB drive. Other 3D printers can be controlled with a computer connected to them.
They use an internal software to operate, most of the time the user interaction with the printers is to select the file to print and press start to begin the printer.
Newer 3D printer versions recognize what was the last file added to the usb drive, the older version allow to select the file with a dial located in the front of the printer while reading the files also in the screen located in the front of the printer.
The material used to create objects may vary, the current most use material is Polylactic acid (PLA), but other materials are also used. 3D printers liquify and then print the object while is solidified when returned to room temperature.
3D printers most used format is .stl, but they also work with the following formats: OBJ, X3D, 3MF, 3DS, OBJ, AMF, STEP, COLLADA, PLY, FBX, 3MF, IGES, among others.
=== Materials ===
One of the most common material used with 3D printers are resins of Polylactic acid (PLA) they come in a spool that is placed in one of the spoon holders of 3D printers to be used as a printer material. 3D printers may also work with the following materials:
* Polypropylene (PP)
* Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
* Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
* Polylactic acid (PLA)
* Tough PLA,[29]
* Copolyester (CPE)
* Nylon
* Polycarbonate (PC)
* Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A)
* Breakaway
* Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
* Metals,
* Ceramics.
Luminous PLA also can be used in some 3D printers, these are materials that absorb light energy and glow in the dark while release the absorbed energy. Many Ultimaker printers are not capable to print Luminous PLA.
=== Other options ===
Many 3D printer machines allow the use of more than one filament and colors, these options can be selected in Cura, the software will instruct the printer how to use the filaments.
==3D printer use==
The use of a 3D machine can be summarized to 3 steps, loading a filament, selecting the file to print and wait until the object is completed.
The steps to use a 3D printer are the followed:
Turn on the printer: The on off button is located in the back of the printer.
===Choose and load a filament===
Select a spool of filament, it can be a resin pla filament of any choose color, or another material. Check that is not the filament is not bended or melted, if it is, cut the bended or melted part.
Put the filament spool in the spool holder in the back of the printer, and insert it into the 3D printer following the printer instructions (sometimes this is pressing a button to allow the filament be introduced into the printer). Put the spool in the holder in a way that the filament is oriented towards the machine filament input feeder.
Load the filament using the frontal menu in the printer, select the chosen resin type. If the filament does not reach the header, select load material again, when it reaches the header will extrude the material.
Wait until the material is printed in an extension of the long of 2 arms extended, and select the option accept. confirm if this is the case or in case of failure, reload the material and confirm.
If the filament is not entirely loaded and does not reach the header and stays in the middle of the hose, it could be due the material is bended, if this is the case, unload it, cut it and restart the process. In some printers the header blinks in blue when is not heating and in red when is heating
===Select the file to print===
Input the USB drive into the 3D printer, then select the object to print. Wait the minutes or hours that are indicated in the printers frontal screen.
Choose the material used and load it, in case that the material is not detected, select the material and confirm. If necessary take the previous material out and reinsert, then if the material is being extruded, confirm when material is being extruded. If the file is not detected, use a .stl format instead.
===Print the file===
In the LCD screen choose the Print option, the building plate will be heated for a few minutes, then it will print the object, this time can be a few minutes or a few hours the time will be displayed in the LCD screen.
When the object is completely printed the message will be shown in the LCD screen.
===Final steps===
Wait two minutes after the object is printed in order to allow the base and object cool down, then Unload the material using an spatula.
Remove the USB flash drive.
Clic the return option, material, unload material, let the filament exit the printer.
Push the button to take the filament out of the printer, ant put the resin in its box.
Turn off the printer.
==Software==
=== Cura (free software) ===
Since 1970 many 3D printer manufacturers designed their own software, but their software was not designed to operate in other 3D printer machines. In 2012 David Braam created the first 3D printing free software, Cura. This software allow the slicing of 3D objects and add the instructions that the 3D printers require in order to print a complete object using small slices or segments that are fused into a complete object. It also allows make modifications in the object and also allows changes of the 3d printing process such are speed, temperature, among others.
The company Ultimaker continued the developing of Cura since 2015, renaming it as Ultimaker Cura.
The main function of 3d printing software is slicing the 3D object, this will allow to create each section of the object at once in an stablished order, the format used is .slt, the files generated can range from 10 MB to 1 GB. .SLT files can be saved into the USB drive. Once the .slt file is generated it can be printed in a 3D printer with just a file saved into a USB drive. The software also indicates the time required to printer a file with the model of printer selected.
==== Other adjustments ====
Other adjustments that can be done with 3D printing software are speed, size of the object, temperature, etc. The speed selected can affect the quality and the shape of the object printed.
Objects that do not have a heavy base may require to add a flat base at the base to avoid that the head of the printer move the object while printing it. Users can modify this selecting printing settings option (it is located below the monitor option and above the model window), there choose the "build plate adhesion" and add an adhesion type, these could be: Skirt, Brim and Raft.
When one of the pieces does not touch the surface of the printer place, support can be added, select the option generate support, support placement everywhere, this will increase the printing time a few more minutes, but it will allow the accurate and complete printing of all the segments of the object.
==== Requirements ====
Cura software use less than 1 GB of space and requires less than 500 MB RAM, it can be installed in many operative systems, including Linux, Windows and Mac OS.
==== Creation of 3D objects ====
Cura can be used to create 3D objects, but other software can also be used, among them can be named Blender (also free software), Autodesk 3Ds Max, Siemens NX, SolidWorks among others. They can generate 3D objects and also 3D texts.
==== Use of free 3D object designs ====
Other option for 3D printer users is to print objects designed for other users, they are available in many websites that have a list of 3D objects and the option to download the objects, some designers are benefited by donations given by the user of their objects.
=== Prusa Slicer ===
Is the prusa software to slice 3d models, making them ready to be printed in any of Prusa 3D printers, It can be downladed and installed, used online or used on USB flash drives.
== AI Use to generate 3D models for 3d printing ==
Large Language Models (LLM? can be used to generate 3D models, some of them are Gemini and Chatgpt, the steps to do this are the following:
1.- Download and install blender in a PC or in a USB flash drive (portable)
2.- Go to the website of the AI intended to use, or install a LLM on your PC or phone.
3.- Ask the AI to make 3D object in a python script for blender. be specific telling the AI the 3D printer to use and the slicer to use. A Thingiverse address with a similar desired object can be given to the ai as reference.
4.- Open blender, click on the script tab, clic on + to add the script. Paste the script on the script area. Clic the Run buttom.
5.- Zoom into the object to see if al the parts are placed corrected. If not give the errors to the AI (AIs currently cannot see into blender window).
6.- AI will make an updated script, run it again.
7.- Once obtained the desired script, run the script with blender, export the object as 3MF, and slice it with the software.
8.- Print the object in a Cura o Prusa 3D printer.
==See also==
[[Short introduction to the use of sewing machines]]
[[Short introduction to the use of cutting plotter machines]]
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines]]
== External links ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura_(software)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{shelves}}
dvotgzzsqv51vk9bybu2tzjea97x95d
4637330
4637329
2026-05-23T21:24:25Z
~2026-31068-98
3593281
/* AI Use to generate 3D models for 3d printing */
4637330
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) is the process of printing an object as it was designed with a 3D software, usually requires a previous slicing with a 3D printer software, this facilitate the printing of the object step by step. Many 3D printers use a solid resin filament is used as "ink" a header heat the filament and then printing use it to print the designed objecets.
The 3D printer machines that this book works with are ade by Two Manufacturers:
1.- Ultimaker their models are:
* Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker Original+,
* Ultimaker 2, Ultimaker 2 to go, Ultimaker 2 extended, Ultimaker 2 extended +, Ultimaker 2+ Connect,
* Ultimaker S3.
* Ultimaker 3 series, Ultimaker 3 extended,
* Ultimaker S5, etc.
2.- Prusa
Prusa filament printers:
* Original Prusa MINI+
* Original Prusa i3 MK3S+
* Original Prusa MK4 – newer flagship FDM printer, faster and more precise than MK3 series
* Original Prusa XL – large-format printer, can use multiple toolheads (multi-material printing)
Prusa Resin (SLA/MSLA) printers
Prusa Research lineup are MINI+ for beginners, MK series for reliable everyday printing, XL for large or multi-material professional builds, and SL1S SPEED for high-detail resin printing.
This guide may be useful when printing objects from other manufactures such the models produced by Aleph Objects, Airwold 3D, AIO Robotics, 3D Maker, Sindoh, Voxeljet, Mcor, Materialise NV, Fusion3, FormLabs, EnvisionTEC, Creality, Carbon 3D, among others.
== 3D printers ==
3D printers follow instructions on a file that gives it the steps to print segment by segment an object until its completion. They use a solid material, usually a solid resin at room temperature, the filament is loaded into the printer header which heat the resin, liquifying it, the segments are printed and in a semiliquid segments added one at a time to the plate, the segments are the building blocks of the object, they are fused due effects of the gravity force while at the time they solidify when reach room temperature, at the time that the complete object is printed. The company Made In Space is developing 3D printers to be used in microgravity for 3D printing in planets with lower gravity or during interplanetary travel.
3D printing files can be stored in USB drives and then inserted in the printers USB slots. Newer printer versions can also work with files stored in computers or also use Bluetooth, wife and cloud services to access these files.
=== User interface ===
3D printers can be used and controlled with a touch screen frontal panel and also with a traditional frontal LCD panel and a dial to select the printer options and the files stored in a USB drive. Other 3D printers can be controlled with a computer connected to them.
They use an internal software to operate, most of the time the user interaction with the printers is to select the file to print and press start to begin the printer.
Newer 3D printer versions recognize what was the last file added to the usb drive, the older version allow to select the file with a dial located in the front of the printer while reading the files also in the screen located in the front of the printer.
The material used to create objects may vary, the current most use material is Polylactic acid (PLA), but other materials are also used. 3D printers liquify and then print the object while is solidified when returned to room temperature.
3D printers most used format is .stl, but they also work with the following formats: OBJ, X3D, 3MF, 3DS, OBJ, AMF, STEP, COLLADA, PLY, FBX, 3MF, IGES, among others.
=== Materials ===
One of the most common material used with 3D printers are resins of Polylactic acid (PLA) they come in a spool that is placed in one of the spoon holders of 3D printers to be used as a printer material. 3D printers may also work with the following materials:
* Polypropylene (PP)
* Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
* Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
* Polylactic acid (PLA)
* Tough PLA,[29]
* Copolyester (CPE)
* Nylon
* Polycarbonate (PC)
* Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A)
* Breakaway
* Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
* Metals,
* Ceramics.
Luminous PLA also can be used in some 3D printers, these are materials that absorb light energy and glow in the dark while release the absorbed energy. Many Ultimaker printers are not capable to print Luminous PLA.
=== Other options ===
Many 3D printer machines allow the use of more than one filament and colors, these options can be selected in Cura, the software will instruct the printer how to use the filaments.
==3D printer use==
The use of a 3D machine can be summarized to 3 steps, loading a filament, selecting the file to print and wait until the object is completed.
The steps to use a 3D printer are the followed:
Turn on the printer: The on off button is located in the back of the printer.
===Choose and load a filament===
Select a spool of filament, it can be a resin pla filament of any choose color, or another material. Check that is not the filament is not bended or melted, if it is, cut the bended or melted part.
Put the filament spool in the spool holder in the back of the printer, and insert it into the 3D printer following the printer instructions (sometimes this is pressing a button to allow the filament be introduced into the printer). Put the spool in the holder in a way that the filament is oriented towards the machine filament input feeder.
Load the filament using the frontal menu in the printer, select the chosen resin type. If the filament does not reach the header, select load material again, when it reaches the header will extrude the material.
Wait until the material is printed in an extension of the long of 2 arms extended, and select the option accept. confirm if this is the case or in case of failure, reload the material and confirm.
If the filament is not entirely loaded and does not reach the header and stays in the middle of the hose, it could be due the material is bended, if this is the case, unload it, cut it and restart the process. In some printers the header blinks in blue when is not heating and in red when is heating
===Select the file to print===
Input the USB drive into the 3D printer, then select the object to print. Wait the minutes or hours that are indicated in the printers frontal screen.
Choose the material used and load it, in case that the material is not detected, select the material and confirm. If necessary take the previous material out and reinsert, then if the material is being extruded, confirm when material is being extruded. If the file is not detected, use a .stl format instead.
===Print the file===
In the LCD screen choose the Print option, the building plate will be heated for a few minutes, then it will print the object, this time can be a few minutes or a few hours the time will be displayed in the LCD screen.
When the object is completely printed the message will be shown in the LCD screen.
===Final steps===
Wait two minutes after the object is printed in order to allow the base and object cool down, then Unload the material using an spatula.
Remove the USB flash drive.
Clic the return option, material, unload material, let the filament exit the printer.
Push the button to take the filament out of the printer, ant put the resin in its box.
Turn off the printer.
==Software==
=== Cura (free software) ===
Since 1970 many 3D printer manufacturers designed their own software, but their software was not designed to operate in other 3D printer machines. In 2012 David Braam created the first 3D printing free software, Cura. This software allow the slicing of 3D objects and add the instructions that the 3D printers require in order to print a complete object using small slices or segments that are fused into a complete object. It also allows make modifications in the object and also allows changes of the 3d printing process such are speed, temperature, among others.
The company Ultimaker continued the developing of Cura since 2015, renaming it as Ultimaker Cura.
The main function of 3d printing software is slicing the 3D object, this will allow to create each section of the object at once in an stablished order, the format used is .slt, the files generated can range from 10 MB to 1 GB. .SLT files can be saved into the USB drive. Once the .slt file is generated it can be printed in a 3D printer with just a file saved into a USB drive. The software also indicates the time required to printer a file with the model of printer selected.
==== Other adjustments ====
Other adjustments that can be done with 3D printing software are speed, size of the object, temperature, etc. The speed selected can affect the quality and the shape of the object printed.
Objects that do not have a heavy base may require to add a flat base at the base to avoid that the head of the printer move the object while printing it. Users can modify this selecting printing settings option (it is located below the monitor option and above the model window), there choose the "build plate adhesion" and add an adhesion type, these could be: Skirt, Brim and Raft.
When one of the pieces does not touch the surface of the printer place, support can be added, select the option generate support, support placement everywhere, this will increase the printing time a few more minutes, but it will allow the accurate and complete printing of all the segments of the object.
==== Requirements ====
Cura software use less than 1 GB of space and requires less than 500 MB RAM, it can be installed in many operative systems, including Linux, Windows and Mac OS.
==== Creation of 3D objects ====
Cura can be used to create 3D objects, but other software can also be used, among them can be named Blender (also free software), Autodesk 3Ds Max, Siemens NX, SolidWorks among others. They can generate 3D objects and also 3D texts.
==== Use of free 3D object designs ====
Other option for 3D printer users is to print objects designed for other users, they are available in many websites that have a list of 3D objects and the option to download the objects, some designers are benefited by donations given by the user of their objects.
=== Prusa Slicer ===
Is the prusa software to slice 3d models, making them ready to be printed in any of Prusa 3D printers, It can be downladed and installed, used online or used on USB flash drives.
== Using Artificial Intelligence for 3D Model Generation ==
Large Language Models (LLM? can be used to generate 3D models, some of them are Gemini and Chatgpt, the steps to do this are the following:
1.- Download and install blender in a PC or in a USB flash drive (portable)
2.- Go to the website of the AI intended to use, or install a LLM on your PC or phone.
3.- Ask the AI to make 3D object in a python script for blender. be specific telling the AI the 3D printer to use and the slicer to use. A Thingiverse address with a similar desired object can be given to the ai as reference. Click in the copy icon generated by the AI (or select and copy the script).
4.- Open blender, click on the scripting menu, this open the the Scripting workspace on the side of the 3D window, click on the +New button, then Paste the script on the script area (right click, paste). Click the Run buttom.
5.- Zoom into the object to see if al the parts are where they supposed to be. Rotate around the object and inside of the object keeping press the optic button of the mouse. If you do not see any error in the object, the work is done. If you see a error, report it back to the AI (AIs currently cannot see into blender window).
6.- AI will make an updated script, run it again.
7.- Once obtained the desired script, run the script with blender, export the object as 3MF, and slice it with the software.
8.- Print the object using the selected 3D printer.
==See also==
[[Short introduction to the use of sewing machines]]
[[Short introduction to the use of cutting plotter machines]]
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines]]
== External links ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura_(software)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{shelves}}
amjb7ptz89i9p90tbex3kq1szv6n7ke
4637331
4637330
2026-05-23T21:25:51Z
~2026-31068-98
3593281
/* Using Artificial Intelligence for 3D Model Generation */
4637331
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) is the process of printing an object as it was designed with a 3D software, usually requires a previous slicing with a 3D printer software, this facilitate the printing of the object step by step. Many 3D printers use a solid resin filament is used as "ink" a header heat the filament and then printing use it to print the designed objecets.
The 3D printer machines that this book works with are ade by Two Manufacturers:
1.- Ultimaker their models are:
* Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker Original+,
* Ultimaker 2, Ultimaker 2 to go, Ultimaker 2 extended, Ultimaker 2 extended +, Ultimaker 2+ Connect,
* Ultimaker S3.
* Ultimaker 3 series, Ultimaker 3 extended,
* Ultimaker S5, etc.
2.- Prusa
Prusa filament printers:
* Original Prusa MINI+
* Original Prusa i3 MK3S+
* Original Prusa MK4 – newer flagship FDM printer, faster and more precise than MK3 series
* Original Prusa XL – large-format printer, can use multiple toolheads (multi-material printing)
Prusa Resin (SLA/MSLA) printers
Prusa Research lineup are MINI+ for beginners, MK series for reliable everyday printing, XL for large or multi-material professional builds, and SL1S SPEED for high-detail resin printing.
This guide may be useful when printing objects from other manufactures such the models produced by Aleph Objects, Airwold 3D, AIO Robotics, 3D Maker, Sindoh, Voxeljet, Mcor, Materialise NV, Fusion3, FormLabs, EnvisionTEC, Creality, Carbon 3D, among others.
== 3D printers ==
3D printers follow instructions on a file that gives it the steps to print segment by segment an object until its completion. They use a solid material, usually a solid resin at room temperature, the filament is loaded into the printer header which heat the resin, liquifying it, the segments are printed and in a semiliquid segments added one at a time to the plate, the segments are the building blocks of the object, they are fused due effects of the gravity force while at the time they solidify when reach room temperature, at the time that the complete object is printed. The company Made In Space is developing 3D printers to be used in microgravity for 3D printing in planets with lower gravity or during interplanetary travel.
3D printing files can be stored in USB drives and then inserted in the printers USB slots. Newer printer versions can also work with files stored in computers or also use Bluetooth, wife and cloud services to access these files.
=== User interface ===
3D printers can be used and controlled with a touch screen frontal panel and also with a traditional frontal LCD panel and a dial to select the printer options and the files stored in a USB drive. Other 3D printers can be controlled with a computer connected to them.
They use an internal software to operate, most of the time the user interaction with the printers is to select the file to print and press start to begin the printer.
Newer 3D printer versions recognize what was the last file added to the usb drive, the older version allow to select the file with a dial located in the front of the printer while reading the files also in the screen located in the front of the printer.
The material used to create objects may vary, the current most use material is Polylactic acid (PLA), but other materials are also used. 3D printers liquify and then print the object while is solidified when returned to room temperature.
3D printers most used format is .stl, but they also work with the following formats: OBJ, X3D, 3MF, 3DS, OBJ, AMF, STEP, COLLADA, PLY, FBX, 3MF, IGES, among others.
=== Materials ===
One of the most common material used with 3D printers are resins of Polylactic acid (PLA) they come in a spool that is placed in one of the spoon holders of 3D printers to be used as a printer material. 3D printers may also work with the following materials:
* Polypropylene (PP)
* Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
* Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
* Polylactic acid (PLA)
* Tough PLA,[29]
* Copolyester (CPE)
* Nylon
* Polycarbonate (PC)
* Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A)
* Breakaway
* Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
* Metals,
* Ceramics.
Luminous PLA also can be used in some 3D printers, these are materials that absorb light energy and glow in the dark while release the absorbed energy. Many Ultimaker printers are not capable to print Luminous PLA.
=== Other options ===
Many 3D printer machines allow the use of more than one filament and colors, these options can be selected in Cura, the software will instruct the printer how to use the filaments.
==3D printer use==
The use of a 3D machine can be summarized to 3 steps, loading a filament, selecting the file to print and wait until the object is completed.
The steps to use a 3D printer are the followed:
Turn on the printer: The on off button is located in the back of the printer.
===Choose and load a filament===
Select a spool of filament, it can be a resin pla filament of any choose color, or another material. Check that is not the filament is not bended or melted, if it is, cut the bended or melted part.
Put the filament spool in the spool holder in the back of the printer, and insert it into the 3D printer following the printer instructions (sometimes this is pressing a button to allow the filament be introduced into the printer). Put the spool in the holder in a way that the filament is oriented towards the machine filament input feeder.
Load the filament using the frontal menu in the printer, select the chosen resin type. If the filament does not reach the header, select load material again, when it reaches the header will extrude the material.
Wait until the material is printed in an extension of the long of 2 arms extended, and select the option accept. confirm if this is the case or in case of failure, reload the material and confirm.
If the filament is not entirely loaded and does not reach the header and stays in the middle of the hose, it could be due the material is bended, if this is the case, unload it, cut it and restart the process. In some printers the header blinks in blue when is not heating and in red when is heating
===Select the file to print===
Input the USB drive into the 3D printer, then select the object to print. Wait the minutes or hours that are indicated in the printers frontal screen.
Choose the material used and load it, in case that the material is not detected, select the material and confirm. If necessary take the previous material out and reinsert, then if the material is being extruded, confirm when material is being extruded. If the file is not detected, use a .stl format instead.
===Print the file===
In the LCD screen choose the Print option, the building plate will be heated for a few minutes, then it will print the object, this time can be a few minutes or a few hours the time will be displayed in the LCD screen.
When the object is completely printed the message will be shown in the LCD screen.
===Final steps===
Wait two minutes after the object is printed in order to allow the base and object cool down, then Unload the material using an spatula.
Remove the USB flash drive.
Clic the return option, material, unload material, let the filament exit the printer.
Push the button to take the filament out of the printer, ant put the resin in its box.
Turn off the printer.
==Software==
=== Cura (free software) ===
Since 1970 many 3D printer manufacturers designed their own software, but their software was not designed to operate in other 3D printer machines. In 2012 David Braam created the first 3D printing free software, Cura. This software allow the slicing of 3D objects and add the instructions that the 3D printers require in order to print a complete object using small slices or segments that are fused into a complete object. It also allows make modifications in the object and also allows changes of the 3d printing process such are speed, temperature, among others.
The company Ultimaker continued the developing of Cura since 2015, renaming it as Ultimaker Cura.
The main function of 3d printing software is slicing the 3D object, this will allow to create each section of the object at once in an stablished order, the format used is .slt, the files generated can range from 10 MB to 1 GB. .SLT files can be saved into the USB drive. Once the .slt file is generated it can be printed in a 3D printer with just a file saved into a USB drive. The software also indicates the time required to printer a file with the model of printer selected.
==== Other adjustments ====
Other adjustments that can be done with 3D printing software are speed, size of the object, temperature, etc. The speed selected can affect the quality and the shape of the object printed.
Objects that do not have a heavy base may require to add a flat base at the base to avoid that the head of the printer move the object while printing it. Users can modify this selecting printing settings option (it is located below the monitor option and above the model window), there choose the "build plate adhesion" and add an adhesion type, these could be: Skirt, Brim and Raft.
When one of the pieces does not touch the surface of the printer place, support can be added, select the option generate support, support placement everywhere, this will increase the printing time a few more minutes, but it will allow the accurate and complete printing of all the segments of the object.
==== Requirements ====
Cura software use less than 1 GB of space and requires less than 500 MB RAM, it can be installed in many operative systems, including Linux, Windows and Mac OS.
==== Creation of 3D objects ====
Cura can be used to create 3D objects, but other software can also be used, among them can be named Blender (also free software), Autodesk 3Ds Max, Siemens NX, SolidWorks among others. They can generate 3D objects and also 3D texts.
==== Use of free 3D object designs ====
Other option for 3D printer users is to print objects designed for other users, they are available in many websites that have a list of 3D objects and the option to download the objects, some designers are benefited by donations given by the user of their objects.
=== Prusa Slicer ===
Is the prusa software to slice 3d models, making them ready to be printed in any of Prusa 3D printers, It can be downladed and installed, used online or used on USB flash drives.
== Using Artificial Intelligence to Generate 3D Models for 3D Printing ==
Large Language Models (LLM? can be used to generate 3D models, some of them are Gemini and Chatgpt, the steps to do this are the following:
1.- Download and install blender in a PC or in a USB flash drive (portable)
2.- Go to the website of the AI intended to use, or install a LLM on your PC or phone.
3.- Ask the AI to make 3D object in a python script for blender. be specific telling the AI the 3D printer to use and the slicer to use. A Thingiverse address with a similar desired object can be given to the ai as reference. Click in the copy icon generated by the AI (or select and copy the script).
4.- Open blender, click on the scripting menu, this open the the Scripting workspace on the side of the 3D window, click on the +New button, then Paste the script on the script area (right click, paste). Click the Run buttom.
5.- Zoom into the object to see if al the parts are where they supposed to be. Rotate around the object and inside of the object keeping press the optic button of the mouse. If you do not see any error in the object, the work is done. If you see a error, report it back to the AI (AIs currently cannot see into blender window).
6.- AI will make an updated script, run it again.
7.- Once obtained the desired script, run the script with blender, export the object as 3MF, and slice it with the software.
8.- Print the object using the selected 3D printer.
==See also==
[[Short introduction to the use of sewing machines]]
[[Short introduction to the use of cutting plotter machines]]
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines]]
== External links ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura_(software)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{shelves}}
10dbryn3cqlwx788bext1bpskv78lhc
Moving objects in retarded gravitational potentials of an expanding spherical shell/Retarded gravitational potentials
0
468145
4637264
4525811
2026-05-23T15:47:45Z
Bautsch
630029
/* In the light cone */ + diagram
4637264
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<noinclude>
{{Chapter navigation|Classical approach|Gravitational redshift}}
</noinclude>
==Retarded potentials==
Already the German physicist and astronomer '''Karl Schwarzschild''' (1873–1916) described retarded potentials for elecrodynamic fields (he still used the term "electrokinetic potential") in 1903.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schwarzschild |first=Karl |url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN252457811_1903 |title=Zur Elektrodynamik |trans-title=On electrodynamics |journal=Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse |location=Göttingen |date=1903 |pages=127}}</ref> These potentials with a delayed effect were adopted one year later with reference to Schwarzschild by the German mathematician '''Alexander Wilhelm von Brill''' (1842–1935) in ''Über zyklische Bewegung'' (English: "About cyclic movement"), where he coined the term "retardiertes Potential" (English: "retarded potential") in a footnote. Furthermore, he emphasized that these retarded potentials would cause a non-zero divergence in space, i.e. that there would be sources and sinks or that the medium would have the possibility of storing or releasing potential energy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=von Brill |first=Alexander |date=1904 |editor-last=Clebsch |editor-first=Alfred |editor2-last=Neumann |editor2-first=Carl Gottfried |editor3-last=Klein |editor3-first=Felix |editor4-last=van Dyck |editor4-first=Walther |editor5-last=Hilbert |editor5-first=David |title=Über zyklische Bewegung |trans-title=About cyclic movement |journal=Mathematische Annalen |language=de |location=Tübingen |publisher=Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner |publication-place=Leipzig |publication-date=1904 |volume=58 |pages=473}}</ref> Retarded potentials are a mathematical description of potentials in a field theory in which a field quantity propagates at a finite speed (speed of light) and not instantaneously. They occur in the investigation of time-dependent problems, such as the radiation of electromagnetic waves.
The time-depending potential <math>\Phi(\vec x,t) </math> is the solution of the inhomogeneous wave equation, where <math>v(\vec x, t)</math> is the inhomogeneity, and <math>c</math> is the speed of the propagation of the waves:
:<math>\frac 1 {c^2} \, \frac {\partial^2 \Phi(\vec x, t)} {\partial t^2} - \Delta\Phi(\vec x, t) = \Box \Phi(\vec x, t) = v(\vec x, t)</math>,
where <math>\Delta = \nabla^2</math> is the Laplace operator, <math>\Box</math> is the D’Alembert operator.
[[File:Vektoren.retardiertes.Potential.png|thumb|right|upright=1|Vectors at a retarded potential.]]
The solution of the inhomogeneous wave equation is called '''retarded potential''', and in three dimensions it can be given as:
:<math>\Phi_{\text{ret}}(\vec x, t) = \frac {1} {4 \pi} \int \frac {v(\vec r, t_{\text{ret}})} {|\vec x - \vec r|} \, \mathrm d^3 r</math>
The retardation is to be interpreted in such a way that a source element <math>v(\vec r, t_{\text{ret}})</math> at the point <math>\vec r</math> and at the time <math>t_{\text{ret}}</math> only influences the potential at the distant point of impact at <math>\vec x</math> at a later time <math>t</math>:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dragon |first=Norbert |date=2016-09-26 |title=Stichworte und Ergänzungen zu Mathematische Methoden der Physik |trans-title=Keywords and additions to Mathematical Methods in Physics |url=https://www.itp.uni-hannover.de/fileadmin/itp/emeritus/dragon/rech.pdf |access-date=2024-02-25 |pages=222-224 |language=de |format=PDF}}</ref>
:<math>t = t_{\text{ret}} + \frac {|\vec x - \vec r|} {c}</math>
:<math>t_{\text{ret}} = t - \frac {|\vec x - \vec r|} {c}</math>
<math>t_{\text{ret}}</math> is called the '''retarded time'''. At the location <math>\vec x</math> and at the time <math>t</math> the retarded potential only depends on the inhomogeneity <math>v</math> in the retarding back cone of the location. This inhomogeneity has a retarded effect to the solution, and it is delayed with the wave velocity <math>c</math>.
===Retarded gravitational potentials===
Retarded potentials will also occur during the propagation of gravitational waves. For them we can consider the speed of the propagation as equal to the vacuum speed of electromagnetic waves <math>c</math>.
Objects that are moving towards the outer rim of the universe will experience retarded gravitational potentials by the expanding matter that can be assumed at the very edge of the universe. Therefore, the appropriate gravitational forces will have delayed effects, and due to the large distances and the finite velocity of gravitational wave propagation they also will be weaker in the direction of the former location of the objects. As a result, the net gravitational force is directed in the direction of movement of these objects, and therefore, all objects that move outwards will be accelerated in the direction of their own movement, which would become observable as an accelerated expansion of the visible universe.
The gravitational potential <math>\Phi</math> due to a mass <math>M</math> in the distance <math>r</math> is given by:
:<math>\Phi(r) = - \frac {G \cdot M} {r}</math>
The gravitational force <math>F</math> to another mass <math>m</math> results as follows:
:<math>F = - m \, \frac {\mathrm d \Phi(r)} {\mathrm d r} = G \, \frac {m \cdot M} {r^2}</math>
The source element <math>v</math> for gravitaion is depending of the distribution of the mass density <math>\rho</math>:
:<math>v(\vec r, t_{\text{ret}}) = - 4 \pi \, G \, \rho(\vec r, t_{\text{ret}})</math>
Therefore, the '''retarded gravitational potential''' can be expressed as:
:<math>\Phi_{\text{ret}}(\vec x, t) = - \int \frac {G} {|\vec x - \vec r|} \, \mathrm dM = -G \int \frac {\rho \left( \vec r, t - \frac {|\vec x - \vec r|} {c} \right) } {|\vec x - \vec r|} \, \mathrm d^3 r</math>
===In a shell===
[[File:Retardierte.Gravitationspotentiale.png|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Moving mass <math>m</math> with the velocity <math>v</math> in a spherical shell with the mass <math>M</math>, the radius <math>r</math> and its centre <math>\bigcirc</math> in a Euclidean plane.]]
For simplifying the investigation of retarded potentials, it is useful to introduce some geometric parameters and concepts. In the simplified example in the adjacent figure the source term is the linear mass density <math>\lambda_m</math> that is not time-dependant and only exists in the circle of the outer rim with the constant radius <math>r</math> and its centre at <math>\bigcirc</math>:
:<math>x_\bigcirc = 0</math>
:<math>y_\bigcirc = 0</math>
:<math>x^2 + y^2 = r^2 \rarr \lambda_m = \text{ constans}</math>
In all other locations within the plane the linear mass density <math>\lambda_m</math> is zero:
:<math>x^2 + y^2 \neq r^2 \rarr \lambda_m = 0</math>
All mass elements outside the regarded plane have an symmetrical effect to the mass, and therefore, in these locations the contribution of the mass elements to the potential can be neglected for the determination of inhomogeneity:
:<math>z \ne 0 \rarr \lambda_m = 0</math>
Furthermore, the mass element <math>\mathrm d M</math> on the homogenous circumference <math>C</math> of a circle with the radius <math>r</math> is given by:
:<math>\mathrm d M = \lambda_m \cdot \mathrm d C = \lambda_m \cdot r \cdot \mathrm d \alpha</math>
:<math>M = \int \mathrm d M = \int\limits_{0}^{2\pi} \lambda_m \cdot r \cdot \mathrm d \alpha = \lambda_m \cdot 2 \pi \cdot r = \lambda_m \cdot C</math>
The cosine formula gives us the relation between the location of the mass point <math>m</math> in the horizontal distance <math>x</math> of the origin <math>\bigcirc</math> of the circle with the radius <math>r</math>, when the mass element on the circle <math>\mathrm d M</math> is in the direction of the angle <math>\alpha</math> and the distance <math>s</math>:
:<math>r^2 = x^2 + s^2 - 2xs \, \cos (\pi - \alpha) = x^2 + s^2 + 2xs \, \cos \alpha</math>
In the normalised standard form of the quadratic equation, we get:
:<math>s^2 + 2xs \, \cos \alpha + x^2 - r^2 = 0</math>
The solution for the distance <math>s</math> is:
:<math>s = \sqrt {x^2 \, \cos^2 \alpha - x^2 + r^2} - x \, \cos \alpha</math>
It is obvious that the following simplifications are valid:
* <math>x = 0 \rarr s = r</math>
* <math>\alpha = 0 \rarr s = r - x</math>
* <math>\alpha = \pm \frac {\pi} {2} \rarr s = \sqrt {x^2 + r^2}</math>
* <math>\alpha = \pi \rarr s = r + x</math>
[[File:Retardierte.Gravitationspotentiale.x-trans.png|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Moving mass <math>m</math> with the velocity <math>v</math> in a spherical shell with the mass <math>M</math> and the radius <math>r</math> in a Euclidean plane. The origin of the coordinate system is shifted to the mass <math>m</math>.]]
The origin of the coordinate system can be also shifted to the mass <math>m</math>:
:<math>x_\bigcirc = - x(t)</math>
:<math>y_\bigcirc = 0</math>
The retarded time <math>t_{\text{ret}}</math> and the retarded potential <math>\Phi_{\text{ret}}(\vec x, t)</math> are given as follows, where <math>c</math> represents the propagation speed of the potentials:
:<math>t_{\text{ret}} = t - \frac {s} {c}</math>
===Illustration===
In a simplified example we only consider the infinitesimally small angles <math>\mathrm d \alpha</math> in the origin of a spherical shell with the radius <math>r</math> and the areal density <math>\rho_A</math>.
====Symmetrical geometry====
If the mass <math>m</math> is in the centre of a spherical shell with the radius <math>r = s_0</math> we have the following situation:
<gallery caption="Retarded gravitational potentials for a symmetrical situation" perrow=1 widths=720 heights=270>
RetardiertesPotential.t0.png|The retarded potentials of the two symmetric mass elements <math>\mathrm d M_0 \propto \mathrm d A_0</math> that simultaneously act to the mass <math>m</math>.
</gallery>
* Both angle elements <math>\mathrm d \alpha</math> are equal.
* Both distances <math>s_0</math> are equal to <math>r</math>.
* Both areal elements <math>\mathrm d A_0</math> are equal.
* Both mass elements <math>\mathrm d M_0</math> are equal.
* The retarded times of the gravitational potentials of both mass elements <math>t_{ret} = \frac {s_0} {c} = \frac {r} {c}</math> are equal.
In this situation the mass <math>m</math> does not experience any acceleration in the classical approach (see above) or if its velocity is zero.
====Moving masses====
The situation is changed, if the masses are moving starting at <math>t = t_0</math> within a time span of <math>\Delta t</math>. The mass <math>m</math> moves with the velocity <math>v_m > 0</math> to the right and the two mass elements <math>\mathrm d M_1 \propto \mathrm d A_1</math> and <math>\mathrm d M'_1 \propto \mathrm d A'_1</math> move with the radial velocity <math>v_M > 0</math>:
<gallery caption="Retarded gravitational potentials for an asymmetrical situation" perrow=1 widths=720 heights=270>
RetardiertesPotential.t1.png|The retarded potentials of the two asymmetric mass elements <math>\mathrm d M_1 \propto \mathrm d A_1</math> and <math>\mathrm d M'_1 \propto \mathrm d A'_1</math> that don't act simultaneously to the mass <math>m</math>.
</gallery>
At the time <math>t_1</math> the mass has moved with the velocity <math>v_m > 0</math> the distance <math>\Delta s</math> to the right:
:<math>t_1 = t_0 + \Delta t</math>
:<math>\Delta s = v_m \cdot \Delta t</math>
The spherical shell has expanded with the velocity <math>v_M > 0</math> and gained an increased radius:
:<math>\Delta r = v_M \cdot \Delta t</math>
:<math>s_1 = s_0 + \Delta s + \Delta r = s_0 + v_m \cdot \Delta t + v_M \cdot \Delta t = s_0 + (v_M + v_m) \, \Delta t</math>
:<math>s'_1 = s_0 - \Delta s + \Delta r = s_0 - v_m \cdot \Delta t + v_M \cdot \Delta t = s_0 + (v_M - v_m) \, \Delta t</math>
Therefore:
:<math>s_1 > s'_1</math>
This means that the distance of mass element <math>\mathrm d M_1</math> to the mass <math>m</math> is always greater than the distance of mass element <math>\mathrm d M'_1</math> to the mass <math>m</math>.
For the two retarded times for these distances to the location of <math>m</math> we get:
:<math>t_{\text{ret},1} = t_1 - \frac {s_1} {c}</math>
:<math>t'_{\text{ret},1} = t_1 - \frac {s'_1} {c}</math>
With <math>t_0= 0</math> and therefore <math>t_1 = \Delta t</math>:
:<math>t_{\text{ret},1} = \left( 1 - \frac {v_M + v_m} {c} \right) \cdot \Delta t - \frac {s_0} {c}</math>
:<math>t'_{\text{ret},1} = \left( 1 - \frac {v_M - v_m} {c} \right) \cdot \Delta t - \frac {s_0} {c}</math>
Therefore:
:<math>t'_{\text{ret},1} > t_{\text{ret},1}</math>
This means that the retarded time for the mass element <math>\mathrm d M'_1</math> is always later than the retarded time for the mass element <math>\mathrm d M_1</math>.
====Common case====
[[File:RetardiertesPotential.Diagramm.png|thumb|upright=2|right|A moving mass m with the velocity <math>\color{Blue}v_m</math> with the position <math>x_m(t)</math> at the time <math>t</math>. Two further moving mass elements with the velocities <math>v_M</math> and <math>-v_M</math> with the positions <math>x(t_r)</math> and <math>x'(t'_r)</math> at the retarded times <math>t_r</math> and <math>t'_r</math>. The propagation velocity of the interacting waves is <math>\color{OliveGreen}c</math>. The effective distances between the two mass elements and the mass m are <math>\color{OliveGreen}s(t)</math> and <math>\color{OliveGreen}s'(t)</math>.]]
In the adjacent diagram there are three mass points that move in space. Their speed is given as follows:
* Outer mass element top (green): <math>v_M</math>
* Mass point in between (blue): <math>\color{Blue}v_m</math>
* Outer mass element botton (green): <math>-v_M</math>
Their time-depending location is given by these three functions for their x-coordinates:
:<math>\color{Blue}x_m(t) = v_m \cdot t</math>
:<math>\color{OliveGreen}x(t_r) = -v_M \cdot t_r</math>
:<math>\color{OliveGreen}x'(t'_r) = v_M \cdot t'_r</math>
The time-depending effective distances <math>\color{OliveGreen}s(t)</math> and <math>\color{OliveGreen}s'(t)</math> between the outer mass elements and the mass point in between them is the difference of the corresponding x-coordinates and linked to the propagation velocity of the interacting waves <math>\color{OliveGreen}c</math> as follows:
:<math>\color{OliveGreen}s(t) = x_m(t) - x(t_r) = (t - t_r) \cdot c</math>
:<math>\color{OliveGreen}s'(t) = x'(t'_r) - x_m(t) = (t - t'_r) \cdot c</math>
As a result, the corresponding retarded times <math>t_r</math> and <math>t'_r</math> for the two outer mass elemens are:
:<math>t_r = \frac {c - v_m} {c + v_M} \cdot t</math>
:<math>t'_r = \frac {c + v_m} {c + v_M} \cdot t</math>
And therefore:
:<math>x(t_r) = -v_M \cdot \frac {c - v_m} {c + v_M} \cdot t</math>
:<math>x'(t'_r) = v_M \cdot \frac {c + v_m} {c + v_M} \cdot t</math>
And:
:<math>\color{OliveGreen}s(t) = \left( v_M \cdot \frac {c - v_m} {c + v_M} + v_m \right) \cdot t</math>
:<math>\color{OliveGreen}s'(t) = \left( v_M \cdot \frac {c + v_m} {c + v_M} - v_m \right) \cdot t</math>
These are the time-depending effective distances for the gravitational potentials of the outer mass elements at their retarded times that have a simultaneous effect to the mass in between them at the time <math>t</math>.
For <math>t > 0</math> and <math>c > v_M > v_m > 0</math> and according to the diagram we can make the following assumption for the comparison of the effective distances:
:<math>t'_r > t_r</math>
:<math>\frac {c + v_m} {c + v_M} \cdot t > \frac {c - v_m} {c + v_M} \cdot t</math>
:<math>v_m > -v_m</math> ''quod erat demonstrandum''
This means that the retarded time of the upper mass element is always later than the retarded time of the lower mass element.
As well as:
:<math>s(t) > s'(t)</math>
:<math>v_M \cdot \frac {c - v_m} {c + v_M} + v_m > v_M \cdot \frac {c + v_m} {c + v_M} - v_m</math>
:<math>v_M \cdot \frac {- v_m} {c + v_M} + v_m > v_M \cdot \frac {v_m} {c + v_M} - v_m</math>
:<math>2 \cdot v_m > 2 \cdot v_M \cdot \frac {v_m} {c + v_M}</math>
:<math>1 > \frac {v_M} {c + v_M}</math> ''quod erat demonstrandum''
Since <math>c + v_M</math> is always greater than <math>v_M</math>, the assumption is proven.
This means that the effective distance of the moving mass in between them to the lower mass element is always greater than to the moving upper mass element. Finally, it can be stated that the absolute value of the retarded gravitational potential at the location of the moving mass in between them is always greater for the upper mass element than for the lower mass element, if both mass elements have the same value <math>M</math>:
:<math>\Phi(t_r) = - \frac {G \cdot M} {s(t)}</math>
:<math>\Phi'(t'_r) = - \frac {G \cdot M} {s'(t)}</math>
:<math>|\Phi(t_r)| < |\Phi'(t'_r)|</math>
The moving mass <math>m</math> experiences the corresponding retarded forces:
:<math>F = - G \, \frac {m \cdot M} {s(t)^2}</math>
:<math>F' = + G \, \frac {m \cdot M} {s'(t)^2}</math>
The net force to the mass <math>m</math> is the sum of both:
:<math>F_{net} = F' + F = G \cdot m \cdot M \cdot \left( \frac {1} {s'(t)^2} - \frac {1} {s(t)^2} \right)</math>
For the acceleration <math>a</math> of the mass <math>m</math> we find:
:<math>a = \frac {F_{net}} {m} = G \cdot M \cdot \left( \frac {1} {s'(t)^2} - \frac {1} {s(t)^2} \right)</math>
Since <math>s'(t) < s(t)</math> the net force <math>F_{net}</math> as well as the acceleration <math>a</math> are positive, and the mass experiences an acceleration to positive x-values, i.e. in the direction of its movement.
====Special case====
[[File:RetardiertePotentiale.1.png|thumb|upright=2.5|Diagram for two retarded gravitational potentials of two moving masses with the positions <math>\color{Gray}x'(t)</math> (grey) and <math>\color{Red}x(t)</math> (red) that have an effect to another moving mass at the position <math>\color{DarkBlue}x_m(t)</math> (dark blue). The positions of the two outer masses at the retarded times <math>\color{CornflowerBlue}t_r</math> and <math>\color{Dandelion}t'_r</math> are indicated in light blue (<math>\color{CornflowerBlue}x'(t'_r)</math>) and orange (<math>\color{Dandelion}x(t_r)</math>). The path of the gravitational waves is indicated by the diagonal dashed green lines.]]
Let us have a look at the following special case:
:<math>c = 1</math>
:<math>v_M = \frac {1} {2}</math>
:<math>v_m = \frac {1} {4}</math>
Their time-depending location is given by these three functions for their x-coordinates:
:<math>\color{DarkBlue}x_m(t) = v_m \cdot t = \frac {t} {4}</math>
:<math>\color{Red}x(t) = -v_M \cdot t = - \frac {t} {2}</math>
:<math>\color{Gray}x'(t) = +v_M \cdot t = + \frac {t} {2}</math>
The time-depending effective distances <math>\color{Green}s(t)\color{Black}</math> and <math>\color{Green}s'(t)\color{Black}</math> between the outer mass elements and the mass point in between them is the difference of the corresponding x-coordinates:
:<math>\color{Green}s(t) = x_m(t) - x(t_r) = \frac {t} {4} + \frac {t_r} {2}\color{Black}</math>
:<math>\color{Green}s'(t) = x'(t'_r) - x_m(t) = \frac {t'_r} {2} - \frac {t} {4}\color{Black}</math>
As a result, the corresponding retarded times <math>\color{Dandelion}t_r</math> and <math>\color{CornflowerBlue}t'_r</math> for the two outer mass elemens are:
:<math>\color{Dandelion}t_r = \frac {\frac {3} {4}} {\frac {3} {2}} \cdot t = \frac {1} {2} \cdot t</math>
:<math>\color{CornflowerBlue}t'_r = \frac {\frac {5} {4}} {\frac {3} {2}} \cdot t = \frac {5} {6} \cdot t</math>
Therefore:
:<math>\color{Dandelion}x(t_r) = -\frac {1} {2} \cdot \frac {\frac {3} {4}} {\frac {3} {2}} \cdot t = -\frac {1} {4} \cdot t</math>
:<math>\color{CornflowerBlue}x'(t'_r) = \frac {1} {2} \cdot \frac {\frac {5} {4}} {\frac {3} {2}} \cdot t = \frac {5} {12} \cdot t</math>
:<math>\color{Dandelion}s(t) = \left( \frac {1} {2} \cdot \frac {\frac {3} {4}} {\frac {3} {2}} + \frac {1} {4} \right) \cdot t = \frac {1} {2} \cdot t</math>
:<math>\color{CornflowerBlue}s'(t) = \left( \frac {1} {2} \cdot \frac {\frac {5} {4}} {\frac {3} {2}} - \frac {1} {4} \right) \cdot t = \frac {1} {6} \cdot t</math>
====Thought experiment====
In a thought experiment we look at the following situation, where <math>c</math> is the propagation speed of the gravitational waves. The time line starts at <math>t = 0</math>, and the effect of the retarded potentials is synchronised with the occurence of the moving mass. The left moving mass element is regarded at <math>t = 0</math> and <math>t = 1</math>, the right moving mass element is regarded at <math>t = 0</math> and <math>t = 2</math>, whilst the moving mass <math>m</math> is regarded at <math>t = 8</math> and <math>t = 11</math>, when the retarded gravitational potentials have their effect to the mass.
:<math>v_M = c</math>
:<math>v_m = \frac {v_M} {3}</math>
:<math>s = c \cdot t</math>
In the following diagram the velocity of the waves is normalised and used without unit:
:<math>c = 1</math>
And therefore, only for simplification and without any units, too:
:<math>s = t</math>
<gallery caption="Retarded gravitational potentials at different points in time" perrow=1 widths=720 heights=360>
RetardiertesPotential.0-11.png|Retarded potentials of the two expanding mass elements with the mass <math>\mathrm d M</math>. These mass elements move on the left hand side from <math>\mathrm d A_0</math> at <math>t = 0</math> to <math>\mathrm d A_1</math> at <math>t = 1</math>), and on the right hand side from <math>\mathrm d A_0</math> at <math>t = 0</math> to <math>\mathrm d A_2</math> at <math>t = 2</math>. They simultaneously act to the mass <math>m</math> at <math>t_0 = 8</math> (mass in grey, path for gravitational waves in black) and at <math>t' = 11</math> (mass in red, path for gravitational waves in blue). The numbers in the figure give the time and the length in steps without units.
</gallery>
The effective distances <math>s_0</math> for the gravitational potential at <math>t_0 = 8</math> are both equal:
:<math>s_0 = t_0 - t_{\text{ret,0}} = 8</math>
At the time <math>t' = 11</math> the mass experiences the retarded potentials on the left-hand side (distance to mass element is <math>s_1</math>) and at the right-hand side (distance to mass element is <math>s_2</math>):
:<math>s_1 = t' - t_{\text{ret,1}} = 10</math>
:<math>s_2 = t' - t_{\text{ret,2}} = 9</math>
All inhomogeneities contribute to the retarded potential at the location of the mass with the value they had at the retarded times <math>t_{\text{ret,0}}</math>, <math>t_{\text{ret,1}}</math> and <math>t_{\text{ret,2}}</math>:
:<math>t_{\text{ret,0}} = t_0 - \frac {s_0} {c} = 8 - \frac {8} {1} = 0</math>, this corresponds to the effective time of the two area elements <math>\mathrm d A_0</math>.
:<math>t_{\text{ret,1}} = t' - \frac {s_1} {c} = 11 - \frac {10} {1} = 1</math>, this corresponds to the effective time of the area element <math>\mathrm d A_1</math> on the left.
:<math>t_{\text{ret,2}} = t' - \frac {s_2} {c} = 11 - \frac {9} {1} = 2</math>, this corresponds to the effective time of the area element <math>\mathrm d A_2</math> on the right.
For a mass <math>m</math> moving from the centre of a shell to the right the angle element <math>\mathrm d \alpha_1</math> to the left becomes smaller than the original angle element <math>\mathrm d \alpha_0</math>, and the angle element <math>\mathrm d \alpha_2</math> to the right becomes greater than the original angle element <math>\mathrm d \alpha_0</math>:
:<math>\mathrm d \alpha_2 > \mathrm d \alpha_0 > \mathrm d \alpha_1</math>
The following applies to the appropriate mass elements:
:<math>\mathrm d M_0 = \mathrm d M_1 = \mathrm d M_2 = \rho_a \cdot \mathrm d A_0 = \rho_a \cdot 4\pi \cdot s_0^2 \cdot \mathrm d \alpha_0^2</math>
For the net force <math>\mathrm d F</math> to the mass <math>m</math>:
:<math>\mathrm d F = \mathrm d F_2 + \mathrm d F_1 = G \cdot m \cdot \mathrm d M_0 \cdot \left( \frac {1} {s_2^2} - \frac {1} {s_1^2} \right)</math>
For the acceleration <math>\mathrm d a</math> of the mass <math>m</math> we find:
:<math>\mathrm d a = \frac {\mathrm d F} {m} = G \cdot \mathrm d M_0 \cdot \left( \frac {1} {s_2^2} - \frac {1} {s_1^2} \right)</math>
Since <math>s_2 < s_1</math> the net force <math>\mathrm d F</math> is positive, and the mass experiences an acceleration <math>\mathrm d a</math> to the right, i.e. in the direction of its movement. This result is absolutely inline with the findings above in the section "Common case" above.
Furthermore, it is noteworthy to state that the acceleration <math>\mathrm d a</math> is proportional to the areal density <math>\rho_a</math> of the expanding shell:
:<math>\mathrm d a \propto \rho_a</math>
Nevertheless it should be noted that the areal density is decreasing with the expansion and the increasing radius of the outer shell.
====In the light cone====
This section considers the effects of retarded gravitational potentials on very large scales within the light cone of the universe.
The time-depending location of two opposite points on the surface of a sphere expanding radially with the velocity <math>c</math> is given by the functions of their x-coordinates (see diagrams below):
:<math>x'(t) = c \cdot t</math>
:<math>x(t) = -c \cdot t</math>
A mass <math>m</math> that is moving with a lower velocity <math>v</math> on the connecting line between these two points within the sphere is located at:
<math>x_m(t) = v \cdot t</math> with <math>v < c</math>
<gallery caption="Retarded gravitational potentials for an asymmetrical situation in the light cone of the universe" perrow=1 widths=720 heights=720>
LightCone.Mass.png|Mass <math>m</math> at the time <math>t</math> within the light cone of the universe seeing two opposite area elements <math>\mathrm dA(t)</math> and <math>\mathrm dA'(t)</math> on the lateral surface of the light cone with the same solid angle. At the two retarded times <math>t_r</math> and <math>t_r' </math> the corresponding two area elements <math>\mathrm dA(t_r)</math> and <math>\mathrm dA'(t_r')</math> on the lateral surface of the light cone with different solid angles.
RetardedPotentialsDiagram0.5.png|Diagram with the retarded times <math>t_r</math> and <math>t_r'</math> (dark red) of the gravitational potentials of the masses of two expanding area elements <math>\mathrm dA</math> and <math>\mathrm dA'</math> moving in opposite directions with the velocity <math>c</math> (green lines). They are observed at the time <math>t</math> from a mass <math>m</math> (blue) moving with the velocity <math>v</math>. All objects started at <math>t = 0</math> from the origin of the coordinate system. The propagation speed of the potentials is <math>c</math> (red dotted lines). The time is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the x-coordinates of all objects on the vertical axis.
</gallery>
The classical shell theorem assumes an infinite propagation speed of gravitation, and it states that within a spherical symmetric shell no gravitational net force is exerted by the shell to any mass within the shell. This can easily be proven by looking at infinitesimal mass and force elements <math>\mathrm dM</math> and <math>\mathrm dF</math> of the shell that can be computed by their areal mass density <math>\rho_A</math>, their distances <math>s</math> from the mass <math>m</math> and the gravitational constant <math>G</math>:
:<math>\mathrm dM = \rho_A(t) \cdot \mathrm dA(t) = \rho_A(t) \cdot \frac {\pi} {4} \cdot s(t)^2 \cdot \mathrm d\alpha^2</math>
:<math>\mathrm dF = G \cdot m \cdot \frac {\mathrm dM} {s(t)^2} = \frac {\pi} {4} \cdot G \cdot \rho_A(t) \cdot \mathrm d\alpha^2</math>
Since the area elements <math>\mathrm dA(t)</math> or <math>\mathrm dA'(t)</math> have the same areal mass density and are visible under the same solid angular element <math>\mathrm d\alpha^2</math> as seen from mass <math>m</math> (see blue lines at the time <math>t</math> at the right-hand side of the diagram above), the two corresponding force elements have the same value. Because of the opposite direction of these two force elements the net gravitational force element <math>\mathrm dF_{net}</math> adds up to zero. This is exactly what Newton's shell theorem says, if gravity has a direct effect at any distance.
This is not the case if the retardation of the gravitational potentials is considered because of their propagation speed <math>c</math>. The retarded times are given by (in the diagram above in dark red):
:<math>t_r = \left( 1 - \frac {v} {c} \right) \cdot \frac {t} {2}</math>
:<math>t_r' = \left( 1 + \frac {v} {c} \right) \cdot \frac {t} {2}</math>
The two area elements are linearly expanding with the time. If they are observed at these two retarded times, the densities and the area elements are given by:
:<math>\rho(t_r) = \rho(t) \cdot \frac {t} {t_r}</math> with <math>0 < t_r < t</math>
:<math>\rho(t_r') = \rho(t) \cdot \frac {t} {t_r'}</math> with <math>0 < t_r' < t</math>
:<math>\mathrm dA(t_r) = \mathrm dA(t) \cdot \frac {t_r} {t}</math> with <math>t > 0</math>
:<math>\mathrm dA(t_r') = \mathrm dA(t) \cdot \frac {t_r'} {t}</math> with <math>t > 0</math>
The mass of the mass elements does not change over time:
:<math>\mathrm dM = \rho(t_r) \cdot \mathrm dA(t_r) = \rho(t_r') \cdot \mathrm dA(t_r') = \rho(t) \cdot \mathrm dA(t)</math>
Nevertheless, due to the different distances, the two corresponding force elements that act in opposite directions are not equal anymore. The distances <math>s(t_r)</math> and <math>s'(t_r')</math> between the area elements <math>\mathrm dA(t)</math> or <math>\mathrm dA'(t)</math> and the mass <math>m</math> in between them at the retarded times <math>t_r</math> and <math>t_r'</math> are given as follows:
:<math>s(t_r) = v \cdot t + c \cdot t_r = (t - t_r) \cdot c</math>
:<math>s'(t_r') = c \cdot t_r' - v \cdot t = (t - t_r') \cdot c</math>
:<math>\mathrm dF_{net} = G \cdot m \cdot \mathrm dM \cdot \left( \frac {1} {s'(t_r')^2} - \frac {1} {s(t_r)^2} \right)</math>
It can easily be shown that <math>s(t_r) > s'(t_r')</math>, and therefore, it follows that <math>\mathrm dF_{net} > 0</math>. I.e. due to the gravitational retardation the mass <math>m</math> is accelerated in its direction of movement, and as a result the mass in the outer regions of an expanding universe will be agglomerated.
[[File:Trajektorien.retardierte.Potentiale.png|thumb|The trajectories of fast-moving cosmic objects under the influence of retarded gravitational potentials originating from the outer regions of the universe. The dark red lines show the linear evolution of the Hubble radius with speed of light c. Cosmic objects moving at different speeds are subjected to different acceleration forces, which are the stronger the faster the objects move.]]
===References===
<references></references>
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Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Laboratory
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This section is an index guide of the Laser cutting machines Laboratories:
1.- [[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Laboratory/Use of lines as cutting tools in laser cutting machines|Use of lines as cutting tools in laser cutting machines]].
2.- [[Short_guide_to_the_use_of_laser_cutting_machines/Laboratory/Object_design_using_straight_and_curved_lines_and_laser-cut_testing_on_paper|Object design using straight and curved lines and laser-cut testing on paper]]
2.- [[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Tool making with laser cutting machines|Tool making with laser cutting machines]]
3.- [[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Laboratory/Conversion of photographs into vector images for laser cutting|Conversion of photographs into vector images for laser cutting]].
4.- [[Short_guide_to_the_use_of_laser_cutting_machines/Laboratory/Laser_Cutting_on_Fabric_to_Cut_Material_and_Raster_Designs|Laser Cutting on Fabric to Cut Material and Raster Designs]]
Circles can also be used to create holes in belts tailored to specific user measures. Lasers can cut safely vegetable tanned leather. Warning: Laser cutters should not be used to cut chemically tanned leather, since toxic materials are released when those materials are cut. Laser cutters can also be used to create logos and any pattern or design.
5.- [[Short_guide_to_the_use_of_laser_cutting_machines/Plywood_locker_divider|Plywood locker divider]]
6.- [[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Laboratory/Cut of cursive letters for display|Cut of cursive letters for display]].
==Laser cut for sewing==
7.- Designing laser cuts for sewing - From prototypes to final cuts: This laboratory is based on Object design using straight and curved lines and laser-cut testing on paper.
8.- [[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Laboratory/Laser cutting fabric parts for a USB holder|Laser cutting fabric parts for a USB holder|Laser cutting fabric parts for a USB holder]].
==See also==
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Use of Inkscape for Laser Cutting]]
[[Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Use of Adobe Illustrator for Laser Cutting]]
{{BookCat}}
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gmlex8tgfg20j3fmg060k33g3yiutpt
User talk:Bamjos
3
476126
4637347
4637080
2026-05-24T02:05:12Z
Kittycataclysm
3371989
/* Editing Restrictions */ Reply
4637347
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Welcome to the Cookbook ==
{{mbox
| type =
| image = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|40px]]
| imageright =
| style =
| textstyle =
| text = Hello and thank you for your recent contribution to the [[Cookbook:Table of Contents|Wikibooks Cookbook]]! When adding to the Cookbook, please make sure all content conforms to [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy]], including the [[Cookbook:Manual of Style|manual of style]] and standard page templates. Feel free to let me know if you need any help or have any questions! {{#ifeq: |||<br>'''Additional details:''' }}
| small =
| smallimage =
| smallimageright =
| smalltext =
}}
—[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC)
:okay, thanks but may i ask if the one i created has errol or i should proceed [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 15:54, 29 June 2025 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]—all of the recipes you have added are incomplete because they do not match the cookbook's formatting policy. Before adding any new recipes, could you correct your existing recipes by making sure they fully conform to [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]? Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:19, 29 June 2025 (UTC)
:::According to the policy , I dnt have issue with the cookbook I created, if there is any other areas you want me to improve on, you can state it . Thanks [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 16:42, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::::Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]—the issues are as follows:
::::* Ingredients need to be linked to their corresponding cookbook page (if the page exists).
::::* You need to make sure the ingredients are listed in the order they appear in the procedure.
::::* You need to add [[Template:Recipe]] and [[Template:Recipe summary]] at the top of the page.
::::* You need to add all the appropriate categories at the bottom of the page.
::::* Some of the recipes mention ingredients in the procedure that are not in the ingredients list—this needs to be fixed.
::::* Some of the recipes seem to have incomplete procedures.
::::—[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:41, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks for this, i will work on that [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 14:35, 2 July 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]—could you please make sure your other recipes are fully complete before adding new recipes? Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 11:55, 7 July 2025 (UTC)
:::::::complete in what sense? most of the recipes i checked on cookbook are not even standard like mine. the issues you listed above is all i have been working on. If there is any area again, kindly state it. Thanks [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 14:53, 7 July 2025 (UTC)
::::::::@[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] [[:Category:Recipes|there are over 3,000 recipes in the Cookbook]], and the vast majority conform to the Cookbook standards as I have described them. The following recipes you have added are all incomplete, often for the reasons I listed above. I have listed the specific reasons for incompleteness on the pages themselves:
::::::::* [[Cookbook:Achu/Achou]]
::::::::* [[Cookbook:Chakalaka]]
::::::::* [[Cookbook:Bobotie]]
::::::::* [[Cookbook:Tomato Bredie]]
::::::::* [[Cookbook:South African Curry and Rice]]
::::::::* [[Cookbook:Cornchaff Recipe]]
::::::::* [[Cookbook:Pumpkin Soufflé Casserole]]
::::::::[[Cookbook:Zimbabwean Chicken and Vegetable Soup]] looks good—please have the rest of your recipes match that. I am happy to take a look at them once you have made the corrections, but please don't add any more until the incomplete ones are finished. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:05, 7 July 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::please check all the cookbook created and see if i have done what you said and if i can continue creating another articles [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 15:52, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]. I reviewed all the recipes, and they are all still incomplete in various ways. The specific issues with each recipe are listed directly on the pages. Additionally, I saw that at least one of the recipes was taken from another source—please list the original source when that is the case. Thanks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:53, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
== Cookbook categories ==
Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]! A heads-up on how to categorize recipes in the cookbook:
* Recipes should only take recipe categories. For example, a recipe page should never be filed under [[:Category:African cuisines]] because it's a recipe not a cuisine. [[:Category:African recipes]] would be the correct one to use of the two options.
* Avoid adding redundant categories. For example, if you file a recipe under [[:Category:Nigerian recipes]], you don't need to also file it under [[:Category:African recipes]], since the former category is already filed under the latter.
I've removed the improper categories you added to some recipes—let me know if you have any questions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)
:Thanks, can i know more about the kind of category for recipe? [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 14:57, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] I'm not sure what you're asking—could you explain? Thanks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:54, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
== Blocked ==
Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]. I have blocked you for 2 days for the following reasons:
* Continuing to add new recipes while your previous recipes are still incomplete, with the same issues in your new contributions.
* Apparent copyright violations combined with a failure to list recipe sources after warning.
I have explained to you the problems that you need to fix, you still have not fixed them, and your new contributions still have these issues. You may continue editing once the block has expired, as long as you follow the cookbook policy and demonstrate improvement. Thanks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:20, 17 July 2025 (UTC)
:okay [[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] ([[User talk:Bamjos|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bamjos|contribs]]) 11:27, 18 July 2025 (UTC)
==[[:Cookbook:Achu/Achou]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Bamjos, "[[:Cookbook:Achu/Achou|Cookbook:Achu/Achou]]" is currently incomplete.'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed this work. The reasons for its incompleteness are listed [[:Cookbook:Achu/Achou|on the recipe page]]. Please complete the recipe as indicated, or it is liable to be speedily deleted as abandoned material. Let me know if you have any questions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 24 July 2025 (UTC)}}
==[[:Cookbook:Omo tuo]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Bamjos, "[[:Cookbook:Omo tuo|Cookbook:Omo tuo]]" is currently incomplete.'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed this work. The reasons for its incompleteness are listed [[:Cookbook:Omo tuo|on the recipe page]]. Please complete the recipe as indicated, or it is liable to be speedily deleted as abandoned material. Let me know if you have any questions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 1 September 2025 (UTC)}}
==[[:Cookbook:South African Curry and Rice]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Bamjos, "[[:Cookbook:South African Curry and Rice|Cookbook:South African Curry and Rice]]" is currently incomplete.'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed this work. The reasons for its incompleteness are listed [[:Cookbook:South African Curry and Rice|on the recipe page]]. Please complete the recipe as indicated, or it is liable to be speedily deleted as abandoned material. Let me know if you have any questions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 1 September 2025 (UTC)}}
== Recipe contributions ==
@[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] good to see you back in the cookbook. While you're adding new recipes, please make sure they are complete—they are still having the same issues as last time. Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:14, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
== Editing Restrictions ==
Hi @[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]]. I have temporarily blocked you from creating new pages in the Cookbook because you are continuing to copy recipes word-for word from other sources. We went over this last year. You cannot directly copy a recipe unless you show that the original author has released it under terms compatible with ours. Let me know if you have any questions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:45, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:I dont copy word to word, you can check it very well. Thanks
:But [[Special:Contributions/~2026-30690-83|~2026-30690-83]] ([[User talk:~2026-30690-83|talk]]) 19:21, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
::Maybe I will stop creating cookbook , just try to unblock me please. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-30690-83|~2026-30690-83]] ([[User talk:~2026-30690-83|talk]]) 19:22, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Bamjos|Bamjos]] you should still be able to edit normally in all other respects. The only thing I blocked was your ability to create new pages in the Cookbook. Please feel free to contribute productively in other ways. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:05, 24 May 2026 (UTC)
mfjlqobpt49zf3nf5ccf5eocxnq5vxf
Maxima/Getting Started Using Maxima
0
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/* A Brief Introduction to Expressions - Atoms, Identifiers and Operators */
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== Getting Started Using Maxima - Some Essentials ==
This section is intended for those that are new to Maxima. It may or may not be of value or interest to those having prior experience.
=== The Maxima Way of doing Mathematics ===
Imagine that you want to create a computer application to perform some general mathematical tasks - not merely numerical calculations or "number crunching" as it is sometimes referred to somewhat pejoratively. It seems likely that it would be realized early on that, unlike humans that can interpret concepts and notation using context, computers and programming software generally are intolerant of any sort of ambiguity. Progress is being made in providing programming software with the ability to interpret based on context, but not here in Maxima. The Maxima expression syntax was created to be logical as well as unambiguous and precise in meaning and intention.
Another realization likely would be that mathematical expressions are the essential object on which mathematical concepts hinge, and that these concepts are conveyed using a conventional (if not entirely standard) system of notation. So, the means to compose mathematical expressions using some syntax for interpreting mathematical notation that your program could read and process as input would be essential. So Maxima is not a programming language in the conventional sense.
With the foregoing in mind, before starting to see examples of Maxima in action, keep the following in mind while learning and using Maxima:
* Expressions of various types (especially mathematical expressions) are the input to Maxima
* Every expression returns a value which is displayed as output unless the display is suppressed by some means
* Expressions as input are entered using an expression syntax that Maxima can read and process
==== Maxima expressions are of three types: ====
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
==== Maxima expressions are comprised of two "ingredients" so to speak: ====
# Atoms
# Operators
==== Atoms: ====
These are one type of the built-in basic expression ingredients of Maxima. They are:
# Identifiers - names used alone or to identify other expressions by name
# Literal numerals for numbers - integer, fraction, and floating point literals
# Strings - quoted strings of one or more characters
==== Operators: ====
These are the second type of the built-in expression ingredients of Maxima. Including:
# Mathematical operators such as + , - , * , /, ^ , ! for addition, subtraction, negation, multiplication, division, exponentiation, factorial and the like. Internally to Maxima these are short-hand symbols for operators. Maxima operators also include "functions" such as sin(x), log(x), etc.
# Operators that are used to accomplish something other than for mathematical purposes
'''Note:''' It is important to point out that there is a difference between operators, functions as used in the context of programming, and the mathematical concept of functions. In this book all Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word that are built-in to Maxima (that is "out-of-the-box" so to speak) will be referred to as operators, including those from loaded packages that are included with the Maxima distribution. Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word created by the user will be referred to as functions. The context should make it clear when the mathematical concept of a function is being referred to. It is unfortunately the case that the Maxima documentation refers to operators as functions. Like so much else, the word "function" has become overloaded.
=== A Brief Introduction to Expressions - Atoms, Identifiers and Operators ===
Below follows a brief introduction to Maxima expressions. All Maxima expressions are composed of '''''atoms''''' (including identifiers) and '''''operators''''', and every expression has a value.
With the foregoing information in mind, Maxima itself can be used to provide some examples of these various aspects of working with Maxima. This will be accomplished in the spirit of providing some insight and clarity for how to interact with Maxima, and how to compose expressions for input and how to interpret the values of expressions as output. What follows is not a "how-to" doe this or that mathematical task or application. It is more like an owner's manual for a vehicle. It describes the equipment and the features, but does not tell you how to drive the vehicle.
=== <u>Atoms</u> ===
There are three types of atoms used as "ingredients" for composing Maxima expressions for input:
# Identifiers
# Numerical literals for representing numbers
# Strings
An elaboration of the technical details of each of these three types will follow in subsequent sections. In this section is a brief introduction, and examples of each of these types presented to gain a basic level of familiarity with each type of atom.
==== <u>Identifiers</u> ====
Identifiers are one type of what are termed '''''atoms''''' as used in the context of Maxima expressions, but they are unique in that they are the only type of atom that can be assigned an expression other than their literal value.
Identifiers as atoms are used in Maxima expressions for two main purposes:
# To be unassigned an expression, and serve as a named variable
# To name an expression by way of an assignment operator
Try the following using Python:
<code>m + n</code><syntaxhighlight lang="python3">
>>> m + n
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'm' is not defined
>>>
</syntaxhighlight>or using R:<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
> m + n
Error: object 'm' not found
>
</syntaxhighlight>or using Octave:<syntaxhighlight lang="octave">
octave:1> m + n
error: 'm' undefined near line 1, column 1
octave:2>
</syntaxhighlight>Now, try this using Maxima:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
Maxima 5.49.0 https://maxima.sourceforge.io
using Lisp SBCL 2.0.1.debian
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) m + n;
(%o1) n + m
</syntaxhighlight>Take it on faith that the identifiers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> are in the Maxima namespace as a consequence of this expression, and that each has a value assigned by Maxima merely as a consequence of being used in the <code>m + n</code> input expression – <code>m</code> is <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> is <code>n</code> in this case.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i2) m;
(%o2) m
(%i3) n;
(%o3) n
</syntaxhighlight>A value for any identifier (other than itself) may never be assigned while using Maxima no matter how many times it is referenced. That is perfectly okay. Maxima doesn't care.
But sometimes a value is assigned to an identifier – either the first time it is referenced or after it is first referenced:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i4) m : n;
(m) n
(%i5) m;
(%o5) n
(%i6) remvalue(m);
(%o6) [m]
(%i7) m;
(%o7) m
</syntaxhighlight>In the above expressions, the identifier <code>m</code> is assigned, using the <code>:</code> assignment operator, the value of identifier <code>n</code> (which is in this case <code>n</code>), and then the value of <code>m</code> is removed using the <code>remvalue()</code> operator. Thus, the value of <code>m</code> reverts to itself – <code>m</code>.
These expressions, while trivial in a sense, provide some insight into an important way Maxima behaves. When identifiers are first referenced as input, they have a value – either a value through some sort of assignment, or merely the identifier name itself. Identifiers can be assigned values by different means as part of expressions as input.
Below follows some examples of Maxima identifiers as a very brief introduction:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) x; /* An unassigned identifier x */
(%o1) x
(%i2) mass; /* An unassigned identifier name of mass */
(%o2) mass
(%i3) f(x); /* An identifier f(x) for unassigned Maxima user-defined function */
(%o3) f(x)
(%i4) is(x = X); /* Identifiers are case-sensitive - x is not X */
(%o4) false
(%i6) y = x^2; /* Identifiers x and y used in an expression */
(%o6) y=x^2
(%i7) x : sqrt(2); /* Idenifier x assigned a value */
(x) sqrt(2)
/* An identifier w(x,y,z) for a Maxima user-defined function */
(%i8) w(x,w,z) := a*x^2 + b*y^2 + c*z^2;
(%o8) w(x,w,z):=a*x^2+b*y^2+c*z^2</syntaxhighlight>Maxima identifiers serve to name expressions as a value by means on some type of assignment, or they can be simply a name with a value of the name itself, in which case these unassigned identifiers may be considered to be variables. The technical details of Identifiers, assignment types, and expressions are elaborated upon in other book sections for each of these topics.
==== <u>Numerical literals for representing numbers</u> ====
There are four types of numerical literals used to compose Maxima expressions:
# Integers
# Fractions (for rational numbers)
# Floating Point
# Bigfloat (variable-precision floating point)
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i8) 1234; /* This is an integer type. An atom */
(%o8) 1234
(%i9) 5/9; /* This is a fraction for a rational number type. Not an atom. */
(%o9) 5/9
(%i10) 3.14159; /* This is a floating point type. An atom. */
(%o10) 3.14159
(%i11) 5.532051841609784b-1; /* This is a bigfloat type. An atom */
(%o11) 5.532051841609784b-1
</syntaxhighlight>
==== <u>Strings</u> ====
Strings are simply a quoted sequence of characters:
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) "a string atom"; /* This is a string atom. */
(%o12) "a string atom"
(%i13) "Hello World!"; /* This is another string atom. */
(%o13) "Hello World!"
(%i14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"; /* This is a longer string atom. */
(%o14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"
(%i15) "C"; /* There is no Maxima character type. */
(%o15) "C"
</syntaxhighlight>
=== <u>Operators</u> ===
Along with atoms, Maxima operators are the second ingredient used to form expressions used as input. There are many Maxima operators. Some are used frequently as a consequence of their utility for forming mathematical expressions. Many others are used infrequently as these operators are used for specialized purposes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Operators
!Operator
!Operation
!Notes
!Type
|-
|<u>'''Arithmetic'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
| '''+'''
|addition
|also unary addition prefix
|n-ary
infix
commutative
|-
| '''-'''
|subtaction
|also unary negation prefix
|binary
infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''*'''
|multiplication
|
|n-ary infix
commutative
|-
|'''/'''
|division
|or fraction
|binary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''^'''
|exponentiation
|
|binary postfix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Relational'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''<'''
|less than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''<='''
|less than or equal
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>'''
|greater than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>='''
|greater thanor equal
|
|binary infix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Logical'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''and'''
|and
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''not'''
|not
|Operand is a Boolean expression
Result is a Boolean value
|unary prefix
|-
|'''or'''
|or
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Equations'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''='''
|equality
|Unevaluated equation
| Syntactically equal
|-
|'''#'''
|negation of syntactic equality =
|Unevaluated negation of an equation
|Syntactically not equal
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Assignment'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|''':'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates right hand side
|
|-
|'''::'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates both sides
|
|-
|''':='''
|function definition
|does not evaluate right hand side
|
|-
|'''::='''
|macro function definition
|
|
|-
|'''define''' ()
|function definition
|does evaluate right hand side
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Elementary Mathematical Operators (Functions)
!Operators (Functions)
or
Option Variables
!Description
!Notes
!
|-
|'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''abs''' (''z'')
|mathematical absolute value
|works for both numerical and symbolic values
|
|-
|'''ceiling''' (x)
|returns the least integer that is greater than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''entier''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer less than or equal to <var>x</var> where <var>x</var> is numeric
|
|
|-
|'''floor''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''fix''' <var>(x)</var>
|a synonym for entier (x)
|
|
|-
|'''hstep''' <var>(x)</var>
|the Heaviside unit step function
|
|
|-
|'''lmax''' <var>(L)</var>
|when <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('max, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''lmin''' <var>(L)</var>
|When <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('m</code><code>in, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''max''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical maximum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>
|
|
|-
|'''min''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical minimum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>.
|
|
|-
|'''round''' <var>(x)</var>
|when <var>x</var> is a real number, returns the closest integer to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''signum''' <var>(x)</var>
|for either real or complex numbers <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns 0 if <var>x</var> is zero; for a nonzero numeric input <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns <code>x/abs(x)</code>
|
|
|-
|'''truncate''' <var>(x)</var>
|when x is a real number, return the closest integer to x not greater in absolute value than ''x''
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Complex</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''cabs''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the absolute value of an expression representing a complex number
|
|
|-
|'''carg''' <var>(z)</var>
|returns the complex argument of ''z''
|
|
|-
|'''conjugate''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the complex conjugate of ''x''
|
|
|-
|'''imagpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the imaginary part of the expression ''expr''
|
|
|-
|'''polarform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>r %e^(%i theta)</code> equivalent to ''expr'', such that ''r'' and ''theta'' are purely real
|
|
|-
|'''realpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the real part of <var>expr</var>
|
|
|-
|'''rectform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>a + b %i</code> equivalent to <var>expr</var>, such that <var>a</var> and <var>b</var> are purely real
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Combinatorial</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''!!'''
|the double factorial operator
|
|
|-
|'''binomial''' <var>(x, y)</var>
|returns the binomial coefficient <code><var>x</var>!/(<var>y</var>! (<var>x</var> - <var>y</var>)!)</code>.
|
|
|-
|'''factcomb''' <var>(expr)</var>
|tries to combine the coefficients of factorials in <var>expr</var> with the factorials themselves
| by converting for example, <code>(n + 1)*n!</code> into <code>(n + 1)!</code>.
|
|-
|'''factorial''' ''(x)''
'''!'''
|returns the factorial of ''x''
|<code>factorial (<var>x</var>)</code> the same as <code><var>x</var>!</code>
|
|-
|'''factlim'''
|specifies the highest factorial which is automatically expanded
|option variable
default: 100000
|
|-
|'''factorial_expand'''
|controls the simplification of expressions like <code>(x+n)!</code>, where <code>n</code> is an integer
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''genfact''' <var>(x, y, z)</var>
|returns the generalized factorial, defined as <code>x (x-z) (x - 2 z) ... (x - (y - 1) z)</code>
|when <var>x</var> is an integer, <code>genfact (x, x, 1) = x!</code> and <code>genfact (x, x/2, 2) = x!!</code>
|
|-
|'''minfactorial''' <var>(expr)</var>
|examines <var>expr</var> for occurrences of two factorials which differ by an integer
|<code>minfactorial</code>then turns one into a polynomial times the other
|
|-
|'''sumsplitfact'''
|when <code>sumsplitfact</code> is <code>false</code>, <code>minfactorial</code> is applied after a <code>factcomb</code>
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Root</u>'''
'''<u>Exponential</u>'''
'''<u>Logarithmic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''%e_to_numlog'''
|when <code>true</code>, <code>r</code> some rational number, and <code>x</code> some expression, <code>%e^(r*log(x))</code> will be simplified into <code>x^r</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''%emode'''
|when <code>%emode</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e^(%pi %i x)</code> is simplified
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''%enumer'''
|when <code>%enumer</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e</code> is replaced by its numeric value 2.718… whenever <code>numer</code> is <code>true</code>.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''exp''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the exponential function
|
|
|-
|'''li''' <var>[s] (z)</var>
|represents the polylogarithm function of order <var>s</var> and argument <var>z</var>, defined by an infinite series
|
|
|-
|'''log''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the natural (base ) logarithm of <var>x</var>.
|Maxima does not have a built-in function for the base 10 logarithm or other bases
|
|-
|'''logabs'''
|when doing indefinite integration where logs are generated, e.g. <code>integrate(1/x,x)</code>, the answer is given in terms of <code>log(abs(...))</code> if <code>logabs</code> is <code>true</code>, but in terms of <code>log(...)</code>if <code>logabs</code> is <code>false</code>
for definite integration, the <code>logabs:true</code> setting is used, because here "evaluation" of the indefinite integral at the endpoints is often needed
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logarc''' <var>(expr)</var>
|carries out the replacement of inverse circular and hyperbolic functions with equivalent logarithmic functions for an expression <var>expr</var> without setting the global variable <code>logarc</code>
|
|
|-
| '''logarc'''
|when the global variable <code>logarc</code> is <code>true</code>, inverse circular and hyperbolic functions are replaced by equivalent logarithmic functions.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logconcoeffp'''
|controls which coefficients are contracted when using <code>logcontract</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logcontract''' <var>(expr)</var>
|recursively scans the expression <var>expr</var>, transforming subexpressions of the form <code>a1*log(b1) + a2*log(b2) + c</code> into <code>log(ratsimp(b1^a1 * b2^a2)) + c</code>
|
|
|-
|'''logexpand'''
|if <code>true</code>, that is the default value, causes <code>log(a^b)</code> to become <code>b*log(a)</code>
If it is set to <code>all</code>, <code>log(a*b)</code> will also simplify to <code>log(a)+log(b)</code>
If it is set to <code>super</code>, then <code>log(a/b)</code>will also simplify to <code>log(a)-log(b)</code> for rational numbers <code>a/b</code>, <code>a#1</code>(<code>log(1/b)</code>, for integer <code>b</code>, always simplifies.)
if it is set to <code>false</code>, all of these simplifications will be turned off
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''lognegint'''
|implements the rule <code>log(-n) -> log(n)+%i*%pi</code> for <code>n</code> a positive integer if <code>true</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logsimp'''
|if <code>false</code> then no simplification of <code>%e</code> to a power containing <code>log</code> is done
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| '''plog''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the principal branch of the complex-valued natural logarithm with <code>-%pi < carg(<var>x</var>) <= +%pi</code>
|
|
|-
|'''sqrt''' <var>(x)</var>
|the square root of <var>x</var>. It is represented internally by <code><var>x</var>^(1/2)</code>
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Trigonometric</u>'''
'''<u>Hyperbolic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''acos''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acot''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''acoth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cotangent.
|
|
|-
| '''acsc''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''acsch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''asec''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc secant.
|
|
|-
|'''asech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc secant
|
|
|-
|'''asin''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''asinh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''atan''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''atan2''' <var>(y, x)</var>
|returns the value of <math display="inline">\tan^{-1}(y/x) </math> in the interval <math display="inline">(- \pi) \ to\ (\pi) </math> taking into consideration the quadrant of the point ''(x,y)''
|
|
|-
|'''atanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''cos''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cot''' <var>(x)</var>
|cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''coth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''csc''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''csch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''sec''' <var>(x)</var>
|secant
|
|
|-
|'''sech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic secant
|
|
|-
|'''sin''' <var>(x)</var>
|sine
|
|
|-
|'''sinh''' <var>(x</var>
| O
|
|
|-
|'''tan''' <var>(x)</var>
|tangent
|
|
|-
|'''tanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic tangent
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Random</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''make_random_state''' ()
|a random state object represents the state of the random number generator
|
|
|-
|'''set_random_state''' <var>(s)</var>
|copies <var>s</var> to the random number generator state
|
|
|-
|'''random''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns a pseudorandom number
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
=== Maxima Expressions ===
For the purpose of review, Maxima expressions are of three types:
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
Object expressions and programming expressions are for use in support of the intended purpose of Maxima – a computer algebra system. Mathematical expressions are those that are the essential type for doing mathematics using Maxima.
==== Mathematical Expressions ====
Mathematical expressions consist of atoms and operators that are of a mathematical nature. Mathematical expressions can be simple to relatively complex. It is helpful to understand the anatomy of Maxima expressions in terms of atoms and operators. Some expressions can consist of a single atom, but more likely it will be the case that expressions will be comprised of atoms and operators.
The simplest expressions can consists of a single atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) 5; /* an integer atom */
(%o1) 5
(%i2) 3.14159; /* a floating point atom */
(%o2) 3.14159
(%i3) 77.3987483627298298277627928389828329382983b0; /* a bigfloat atom */
(%o3) 7.739874836272983b1
(%i4) x; /* an unassigned identifier atom */
(%o4) x</syntaxhighlight>Atoms are "self-evaluating" in the sense that they return themselves as values. Expressions such as these are not very useful, but they are the simplest example of mathematical expressions.
Fractions for literal rational numbers are simple expressions entered as follows, but are not atoms:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i5) 12/33; /* A fraction expression. Maxima simplfies the expression as output */
(%o5) 4/11
(%i6) atom(12/33); /* The fraction expression is not an atom */
(%o6) false
(%i8) op(12/33); /* The overall operation of this expression is / */
(%o8) /
</syntaxhighlight>Maxima evaluates the division of integers as rational numbers, and simplifies the return value if possible:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i09) 12/33 * 3/4; /* multiplication of fractions */
(%o09) 3/11
(%i10) (12/33) / (4/3); /* division of fractions */
(%o10) 3/11
(%i11) 3/8 + 13/4; /* addition of fractions */
(%o11) 29/8
</syntaxhighlight>Maxima will resolve mixed numerical types in expressions as returned values in a manner which might be expected :<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) 3/2 * 5; /* fraction and an integer */
(%o12) 15/2
(%i13) 3/2 * 5.0; /* fraction and floating point */
(%o13) 7.5
(%i14) 12.0/33; /* floating point and an integer */
(%o14) 0.36363636363636365
(%i15) 0.36363636363636365*0.36363636363636365b0; /* floating point and bigfloat */
(%o15) 1.322314049586777b-1
</syntaxhighlight>Some expressions remain "symbolic" numerically, and are not simplified or returned as a number type:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i16) sqrt(2); /* an algebraic irrational */
(%o16) sqrt(2)
(%i17) 3*5^(1/3); /* another algebraic irratioanl */
(%o17) 3*5^(1/3)
</syntaxhighlight>Built-in numerical constants are atoms. Numerical expressions involving one or more operators are not, unless the expression evaluates to an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i18) %pi; /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o18) %pi
(%i20) atom(%pi); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i20) atom(%e); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i21) atom(%i); /* i is a built-in constant */
(%o21) true
(%i22) atom(sqrt(2)); /* sqrt(2) in not an atom */
(%o22) false
(%i23) atom(3*5^(1/3)); /* 3*5^(1/3) is not an atom */
(%o23) false
(%i24) atom(3+5); /* 3+5 evaluates to 8 which is an atom*/
(%o24) true
(%i25) atom((5^2)*3.14159); /* (5^2)*3.14159) evaluates to 78.53975 which is an atom */
(%o25) true
</syntaxhighlight>An important point to understand is that expressions when evaluated may have a return value that is an atom or is not an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i26) atom(3+5); /* */
(%o26) true
(%i27) (5^2)*3.14159 /* */
(%o27) true
(%i28) (5^2)*3.14159; /* */
(%o28) 78.53975
(%i29) op(3+5); /* */
part: argument must be a non-atomic expression; found 8
-- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);
</syntaxhighlight>More useful and interesting expressions involve identifiers, However, expressions involving identifiers and operators may or may not have a value that is atomic:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i30) atom(z); /* */
(%o30) true
(%i31) atom(3); /* */
(%o31) true
(%i32) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o32) false
(%i33) op(z+3); /* */
(%o33) +
(%i34) z:5; /* */
(z) 5
(%i35) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o35) true</syntaxhighlight>These examples may seem simple, but what is exemplified by these simple expressions applies no matter how complex the expression may be:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i36) expr1:(1/(15^2 + 20^2 -2*15*20*cos(%pi/3))^(1/2)); /* */
(expr1) 1/(5*sqrt(13))
(%i37) atom(expr1); /* */
(%o37) false
(%i38) float(expr1); /* */
(%o38) 0.05547001962252292
(%i39) atom(float(expr1)); /* */
(%o39) true
(%i40) expr2:integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4); /* */
(expr2) 64/3
(%i41) atom(expr2); /* */
(%o41) false
(%i42) atom(integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o42) false
(%i43) op(expr2); /* */
(%o43) /
(%i44) op('integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o44) integrate
(%i45) 2*s^2+5*s+1; /* */
(%o45) 2*s^2+5*s+1
(%i46) solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s); /* */
(%o46) [s=-((sqrt(17)+5)/4),s=(sqrt(17)-5)/4]
(%i47) rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1]); /* */
(%o47) -((sqrt(17)+5)/4)
(%i48) atom(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(%o48) false
(%i49) ans:float(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(ans) -2.2807764064044154
(%i50) atom(ans);
(%o50) true
</syntaxhighlight>
; {{BookCat}}
6wsc21g9ex8dlk0c4auag1bxg269lbz
4637232
4637181
2026-05-23T12:56:35Z
Idavidmiller
3577687
4637232
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Getting Started Using Maxima - Some Essentials ==
This section is intended for those that are new to Maxima. It may or may not be of value or interest to those having prior experience.
=== The Maxima Way of doing Mathematics ===
Imagine that you want to create a computer application to perform some general mathematical tasks - not merely numerical calculations or "number crunching" as it is sometimes referred to somewhat pejoratively. It seems likely that it would be realized early on that, unlike humans that can interpret concepts and notation using context, computers and programming software generally are intolerant of any sort of ambiguity. Progress is being made in providing programming software with the ability to interpret based on context, but not here in Maxima. The Maxima expression syntax was created to be logical as well as unambiguous and precise in meaning and intention.
Another realization likely would be that mathematical expressions are the essential object on which mathematical concepts hinge, and that these concepts are conveyed using a conventional (if not entirely standard) system of notation. So, the means to compose mathematical expressions using some syntax for interpreting mathematical notation that your program could read and process as input would be essential. So Maxima is not a programming language in the conventional sense.
With the foregoing in mind, before starting to see examples of Maxima in action, keep the following in mind while learning and using Maxima:
* Expressions of various types (especially mathematical expressions) are the input to Maxima
* Every expression returns a value which is displayed as output unless the display is suppressed by some means
* Expressions as input are entered using an expression syntax that Maxima can read and process
==== Maxima expressions are of three types: ====
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
==== Maxima expressions are comprised of two "ingredients" so to speak: ====
# Atoms
# Operators
==== Atoms: ====
These are one type of the built-in basic expression ingredients of Maxima. They are:
# Identifiers - names used alone or to identify other expressions by name
# Literal numerals for numbers - integer, fraction, and floating point literals
# Strings - quoted strings of one or more characters
==== Operators: ====
These are the second type of the built-in expression ingredients of Maxima. Including:
# Mathematical operators such as + , - , * , /, ^ , ! for addition, subtraction, negation, multiplication, division, exponentiation, factorial and the like. Internally to Maxima these are short-hand symbols for operators. Maxima operators also include "functions" such as sin(x), log(x), etc.
# Operators that are used to accomplish something other than for mathematical purposes
'''Note:''' It is important to point out that there is a difference between operators, functions as used in the context of programming, and the mathematical concept of functions. In this book all Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word that are built-in to Maxima (that is "out-of-the-box" so to speak) will be referred to as operators, including those from loaded packages that are included with the Maxima distribution. Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word created by the user will be referred to as functions. The context should make it clear when the mathematical concept of a function is being referred to. It is unfortunately the case that the Maxima documentation refers to operators as functions. Like so much else, the word "function" has become overloaded.
=== A Brief Introduction to Expressions - Atoms, Identifiers and Operators ===
Below follows a brief introduction to Maxima expressions. All Maxima expressions are composed of '''''atoms''''' (including identifiers) and '''''operators''''', and every expression has a value.
With the foregoing information in mind, Maxima itself can be used to provide some examples of these various aspects of working with Maxima. This will be accomplished in the spirit of providing some insight and clarity for how to interact with Maxima, and how to compose expressions for input and how to interpret the values of expressions as output. What follows is not a "how-to" doe this or that mathematical task or application. It is more like an owner's manual for a vehicle. It describes the equipment and the features, but does not tell you how to drive the vehicle.
=== <u>Atoms</u> ===
There are three types of atoms used as "ingredients" for composing Maxima expressions for input:
# Identifiers
# Numerical literals for representing numbers
# Strings
An elaboration of the technical details of each of these three types will follow in subsequent sections. In this section is a brief introduction, and examples of each of these types presented to gain a basic level of familiarity with each type of atom.
==== <u>Identifiers</u> ====
Identifiers are one type of what are termed '''''atoms''''' as used in the context of Maxima expressions, but they are unique in that they are the only type of atom that can be assigned an expression other than their literal value.
Identifiers as atoms are used in Maxima expressions for two main purposes:
# To be unassigned an expression, and serve as a named variable
# To name an expression by way of an assignment operator
Try the following using Python:
<code>m + n</code><syntaxhighlight lang="python3">
>>> m + n
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'm' is not defined
>>>
</syntaxhighlight>or using R:<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
> m + n
Error: object 'm' not found
>
</syntaxhighlight>or using Octave:<syntaxhighlight lang="octave">
octave:1> m + n
error: 'm' undefined near line 1, column 1
octave:2>
</syntaxhighlight>Now, try this using Maxima:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
Maxima 5.49.0 https://maxima.sourceforge.io
using Lisp SBCL 2.0.1.debian
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) m + n;
(%o1) n + m
</syntaxhighlight>Take it on faith that the identifiers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> are in the Maxima namespace as a consequence of this expression, and that each has a value assigned by Maxima merely as a consequence of being used in the <code>m + n</code> input expression – <code>m</code> is <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> is <code>n</code> in this case.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i2) m;
(%o2) m
(%i3) n;
(%o3) n
</syntaxhighlight>A value for any identifier (other than itself) may never be assigned while using Maxima no matter how many times it is referenced. That is perfectly okay. Maxima doesn't care.
But sometimes a value is assigned to an identifier – either the first time it is referenced or after it is first referenced:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i4) m : n;
(m) n
(%i5) m;
(%o5) n
(%i6) remvalue(m);
(%o6) [m]
(%i7) m;
(%o7) m
</syntaxhighlight>In the above expressions, the identifier <code>m</code> is assigned, using the <code>:</code> assignment operator, the value of identifier <code>n</code> (which is in this case <code>n</code>), and then the value of <code>m</code> is removed using the <code>remvalue()</code> operator. Thus, the value of <code>m</code> reverts to itself – <code>m</code>.
These expressions, while trivial in a sense, provide some insight into an important way Maxima behaves. When identifiers are first referenced as input, they have a value – either a value through some sort of assignment, or merely the identifier name itself. Identifiers can be assigned values by different means as part of expressions as input.
Below follows some examples of Maxima identifiers as a very brief introduction:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) x; /* An unassigned identifier x */
(%o1) x
(%i2) mass; /* An unassigned identifier name of mass */
(%o2) mass
(%i3) f(x); /* An identifier f(x) for unassigned Maxima user-defined function */
(%o3) f(x)
(%i4) is(x = X); /* Identifiers are case-sensitive - x is not X */
(%o4) false
(%i6) y = x^2; /* Identifiers x and y used in an expression */
(%o6) y=x^2
(%i7) x : sqrt(2); /* Idenifier x assigned a value */
(x) sqrt(2)
/* An identifier w(x,y,z) for a Maxima user-defined function */
(%i8) w(x,w,z) := a*x^2 + b*y^2 + c*z^2;
(%o8) w(x,w,z):=a*x^2+b*y^2+c*z^2</syntaxhighlight>Maxima identifiers serve to name expressions as a value by means on some type of assignment, or they can be simply a name with a value of the name itself, in which case these unassigned identifiers may be considered to be variables. The technical details of Identifiers, assignment types, and expressions are elaborated upon in other book sections for each of these topics.
==== <u>Numerical literals for representing numbers</u> ====
There are four types of numerical literals used to compose Maxima expressions:
# Integers
# Fractions (for rational numbers)
# Floating Point
# Bigfloat (variable-precision floating point)
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i8) 1234; /* This is an integer type. An atom */
(%o8) 1234
(%i9) 5/9; /* This is a fraction for a rational number type. Not an atom. */
(%o9) 5/9
(%i10) 3.14159; /* This is a floating point type. An atom. */
(%o10) 3.14159
(%i11) 5.532051841609784b-1; /* This is a bigfloat type. An atom */
(%o11) 5.532051841609784b-1
</syntaxhighlight>
==== <u>Strings</u> ====
Strings are simply a quoted sequence of characters:
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) "a string atom"; /* This is a string atom. */
(%o12) "a string atom"
(%i13) "Hello World!"; /* This is another string atom. */
(%o13) "Hello World!"
(%i14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"; /* This is a longer string atom. */
(%o14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"
(%i15) "C"; /* There is no Maxima character type. */
(%o15) "C"
</syntaxhighlight>
=== <u>Mathematical Operators</u> ===
Along with atoms, Maxima operators are the second ingredient used to form expressions used as input. There are many Maxima operators. Some are used frequently as a consequence of their utility for forming mathematical expressions. Many others are used infrequently as these operators are used for specialized purposes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Operators
!Operator
!Operation
!Notes
!Type
|-
|<u>'''Arithmetic'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
| '''+'''
|addition
|also unary addition prefix
|n-ary
infix
commutative
|-
| '''-'''
|subtaction
|also unary negation prefix
|binary
infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''*'''
|multiplication
|
|n-ary infix
commutative
|-
|'''/'''
|division
|or fraction
|binary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''^'''
|exponentiation
|
|binary postfix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Relational'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''<'''
|less than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''<='''
|less than or equal
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>'''
|greater than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>='''
|greater thanor equal
|
|binary infix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Logical'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''and'''
|and
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''not'''
|not
|Operand is a Boolean expression
Result is a Boolean value
|unary prefix
|-
|'''or'''
|or
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Equations'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''='''
|equality
|Unevaluated equation
| Syntactically equal
|-
|'''#'''
|negation of syntactic equality =
|Unevaluated negation of an equation
|Syntactically not equal
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Assignment'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|''':'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates right hand side
|
|-
|'''::'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates both sides
|
|-
|''':='''
|function definition
|does not evaluate right hand side
|
|-
|'''::='''
|macro function definition
|
|
|-
|'''define''' ()
|function definition
|does evaluate right hand side
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Elementary Mathematical Operators (Functions)
!Operators (Functions)
or
Option Variables
!Description
!Notes
!
|-
|'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''abs''' (''z'')
|mathematical absolute value
|works for both numerical and symbolic values
|
|-
|'''ceiling''' (x)
|returns the least integer that is greater than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''entier''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer less than or equal to <var>x</var> where <var>x</var> is numeric
|
|
|-
|'''floor''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''fix''' <var>(x)</var>
|a synonym for entier (x)
|
|
|-
|'''hstep''' <var>(x)</var>
|the Heaviside unit step function
|
|
|-
|'''lmax''' <var>(L)</var>
|when <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('max, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''lmin''' <var>(L)</var>
|When <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('m</code><code>in, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''max''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical maximum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>
|
|
|-
|'''min''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical minimum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>.
|
|
|-
|'''round''' <var>(x)</var>
|when <var>x</var> is a real number, returns the closest integer to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''signum''' <var>(x)</var>
|for either real or complex numbers <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns 0 if <var>x</var> is zero; for a nonzero numeric input <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns <code>x/abs(x)</code>
|
|
|-
|'''truncate''' <var>(x)</var>
|when x is a real number, return the closest integer to x not greater in absolute value than ''x''
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Complex</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''cabs''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the absolute value of an expression representing a complex number
|
|
|-
|'''carg''' <var>(z)</var>
|returns the complex argument of ''z''
|
|
|-
|'''conjugate''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the complex conjugate of ''x''
|
|
|-
|'''imagpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the imaginary part of the expression ''expr''
|
|
|-
|'''polarform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>r %e^(%i theta)</code> equivalent to ''expr'', such that ''r'' and ''theta'' are purely real
|
|
|-
|'''realpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the real part of <var>expr</var>
|
|
|-
|'''rectform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>a + b %i</code> equivalent to <var>expr</var>, such that <var>a</var> and <var>b</var> are purely real
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Combinatorial</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''!!'''
|the double factorial operator
|
|
|-
|'''binomial''' <var>(x, y)</var>
|returns the binomial coefficient <code><var>x</var>!/(<var>y</var>! (<var>x</var> - <var>y</var>)!)</code>.
|
|
|-
|'''factcomb''' <var>(expr)</var>
|tries to combine the coefficients of factorials in <var>expr</var> with the factorials themselves
| by converting for example, <code>(n + 1)*n!</code> into <code>(n + 1)!</code>.
|
|-
|'''factorial''' ''(x)''
'''!'''
|returns the factorial of ''x''
|<code>factorial (<var>x</var>)</code> the same as <code><var>x</var>!</code>
|
|-
|'''factlim'''
|specifies the highest factorial which is automatically expanded
|option variable
default: 100000
|
|-
|'''factorial_expand'''
|controls the simplification of expressions like <code>(x+n)!</code>, where <code>n</code> is an integer
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''genfact''' <var>(x, y, z)</var>
|returns the generalized factorial, defined as <code>x (x-z) (x - 2 z) ... (x - (y - 1) z)</code>
|when <var>x</var> is an integer, <code>genfact (x, x, 1) = x!</code> and <code>genfact (x, x/2, 2) = x!!</code>
|
|-
|'''minfactorial''' <var>(expr)</var>
|examines <var>expr</var> for occurrences of two factorials which differ by an integer
|<code>minfactorial</code>then turns one into a polynomial times the other
|
|-
|'''sumsplitfact'''
|when <code>sumsplitfact</code> is <code>false</code>, <code>minfactorial</code> is applied after a <code>factcomb</code>
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Root</u>'''
'''<u>Exponential</u>'''
'''<u>Logarithmic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''%e_to_numlog'''
|when <code>true</code>, <code>r</code> some rational number, and <code>x</code> some expression, <code>%e^(r*log(x))</code> will be simplified into <code>x^r</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''%emode'''
|when <code>%emode</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e^(%pi %i x)</code> is simplified
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''%enumer'''
|when <code>%enumer</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e</code> is replaced by its numeric value 2.718… whenever <code>numer</code> is <code>true</code>.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''exp''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the exponential function
|
|
|-
|'''li''' <var>[s] (z)</var>
|represents the polylogarithm function of order <var>s</var> and argument <var>z</var>, defined by an infinite series
|
|
|-
|'''log''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the natural (base ) logarithm of <var>x</var>.
|Maxima does not have a built-in function for the base 10 logarithm or other bases
|
|-
|'''logabs'''
|when doing indefinite integration where logs are generated, e.g. <code>integrate(1/x,x)</code>, the answer is given in terms of <code>log(abs(...))</code> if <code>logabs</code> is <code>true</code>, but in terms of <code>log(...)</code>if <code>logabs</code> is <code>false</code>
for definite integration, the <code>logabs:true</code> setting is used, because here "evaluation" of the indefinite integral at the endpoints is often needed
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logarc''' <var>(expr)</var>
|carries out the replacement of inverse circular and hyperbolic functions with equivalent logarithmic functions for an expression <var>expr</var> without setting the global variable <code>logarc</code>
|
|
|-
| '''logarc'''
|when the global variable <code>logarc</code> is <code>true</code>, inverse circular and hyperbolic functions are replaced by equivalent logarithmic functions.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logconcoeffp'''
|controls which coefficients are contracted when using <code>logcontract</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logcontract''' <var>(expr)</var>
|recursively scans the expression <var>expr</var>, transforming subexpressions of the form <code>a1*log(b1) + a2*log(b2) + c</code> into <code>log(ratsimp(b1^a1 * b2^a2)) + c</code>
|
|
|-
|'''logexpand'''
|if <code>true</code>, that is the default value, causes <code>log(a^b)</code> to become <code>b*log(a)</code>
If it is set to <code>all</code>, <code>log(a*b)</code> will also simplify to <code>log(a)+log(b)</code>
If it is set to <code>super</code>, then <code>log(a/b)</code>will also simplify to <code>log(a)-log(b)</code> for rational numbers <code>a/b</code>, <code>a#1</code>(<code>log(1/b)</code>, for integer <code>b</code>, always simplifies.)
if it is set to <code>false</code>, all of these simplifications will be turned off
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''lognegint'''
|implements the rule <code>log(-n) -> log(n)+%i*%pi</code> for <code>n</code> a positive integer if <code>true</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logsimp'''
|if <code>false</code> then no simplification of <code>%e</code> to a power containing <code>log</code> is done
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| '''plog''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the principal branch of the complex-valued natural logarithm with <code>-%pi < carg(<var>x</var>) <= +%pi</code>
|
|
|-
|'''sqrt''' <var>(x)</var>
|the square root of <var>x</var>. It is represented internally by <code><var>x</var>^(1/2)</code>
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Trigonometric</u>'''
'''<u>Hyperbolic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''acos''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acot''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''acoth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cotangent.
|
|
|-
| '''acsc''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''acsch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''asec''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc secant.
|
|
|-
|'''asech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc secant
|
|
|-
|'''asin''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''asinh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''atan''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''atan2''' <var>(y, x)</var>
|returns the value of <math display="inline">\tan^{-1}(y/x) </math> in the interval <math display="inline">(- \pi) \ to\ (\pi) </math> taking into consideration the quadrant of the point ''(x,y)''
|
|
|-
|'''atanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''cos''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cot''' <var>(x)</var>
|cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''coth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''csc''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''csch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''sec''' <var>(x)</var>
|secant
|
|
|-
|'''sech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic secant
|
|
|-
|'''sin''' <var>(x)</var>
|sine
|
|
|-
|'''sinh''' <var>(x</var>
| O
|
|
|-
|'''tan''' <var>(x)</var>
|tangent
|
|
|-
|'''tanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic tangent
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Random</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''make_random_state''' ()
|a random state object represents the state of the random number generator
|
|
|-
|'''set_random_state''' <var>(s)</var>
|copies <var>s</var> to the random number generator state
|
|
|-
|'''random''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns a pseudorandom number
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
=== Maxima Expressions ===
For the purpose of review, Maxima expressions are of three types:
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
Object expressions and programming expressions are for use in support of the intended purpose of Maxima – a computer algebra system. Mathematical expressions are those that are the essential type for doing mathematics using Maxima.
==== Mathematical Expressions ====
Mathematical expressions consist of atoms and operators that are of a mathematical nature. Mathematical expressions can be simple to relatively complex. It is helpful to understand the anatomy of Maxima expressions in terms of atoms and operators. Some expressions can consist of a single atom, but more likely it will be the case that expressions will be comprised of atoms and operators.
The simplest expressions can consists of a single atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) 5; /* an integer atom */
(%o1) 5
(%i2) 3.14159; /* a floating point atom */
(%o2) 3.14159
(%i3) 77.3987483627298298277627928389828329382983b0; /* a bigfloat atom */
(%o3) 7.739874836272983b1
(%i4) x; /* an unassigned identifier atom */
(%o4) x</syntaxhighlight>Atoms are "self-evaluating" in the sense that they return themselves as values. Expressions such as these are not very useful, but they are the simplest example of mathematical expressions.
Fractions for literal rational numbers are simple expressions entered as follows, but are not atoms:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i5) 12/33; /* A fraction expression. Maxima simplfies the expression as output */
(%o5) 4/11
(%i6) atom(12/33); /* The fraction expression is not an atom */
(%o6) false
(%i8) op(12/33); /* The overall operation of this expression is / */
(%o8) /
</syntaxhighlight>In cases where Maxima returns an error message or the returned results are unexpected or perplexing, the <code>atom ()</code> and <code>op ()</code> operators may provide some insight into the nature of the error message or returned value.
Maxima evaluates the division of integers as rational numbers, and simplifies the return value if possible:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i09) 12/33 * 3/4; /* multiplication of fractions */
(%o09) 3/11
(%i10) (12/33) / (4/3); /* division of fractions */
(%o10) 3/11
(%i11) 3/8 + 13/4; /* addition of fractions */
(%o11) 29/8
</syntaxhighlight>Maxima will resolve mixed numerical types in expressions as returned values in a manner which might be expected :<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) 3/2 * 5; /* fraction and an integer */
(%o12) 15/2
(%i13) 3/2 * 5.0; /* fraction and floating point */
(%o13) 7.5
(%i14) 12.0/33; /* floating point and an integer */
(%o14) 0.36363636363636365
(%i15) 0.36363636363636365*0.36363636363636365b0; /* floating point and bigfloat */
(%o15) 1.322314049586777b-1
</syntaxhighlight>Some expressions remain "symbolic" numerically, and are not simplified or returned as a number type:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i16) sqrt(2); /* an algebraic irrational */
(%o16) sqrt(2)
(%i17) 3*5^(1/3); /* another algebraic irratioanl */
(%o17) 3*5^(1/3)
</syntaxhighlight>Built-in numerical constants are atoms. Numerical expressions involving one or more operators are not, unless the expression evaluates to an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i18) %pi; /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o18) %pi
(%i20) atom(%pi); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i20) atom(%e); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i21) atom(%i); /* i is a built-in constant */
(%o21) true
(%i22) atom(sqrt(2)); /* sqrt(2) in not an atom */
(%o22) false
(%i23) atom(3*5^(1/3)); /* 3*5^(1/3) is not an atom */
(%o23) false
(%i24) atom(3+5); /* 3+5 evaluates to 8 which is an atom*/
(%o24) true
(%i25) atom((5^2)*3.14159); /* (5^2)*3.14159) evaluates to 78.53975 which is an atom */
(%o25) true
</syntaxhighlight>An important point to understand is that expressions when evaluated may have a return value that is an atom or is not an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i26) atom(3+5); /* */
(%o26) true
(%i27) (5^2)*3.14159 /* */
(%o27) true
(%i28) (5^2)*3.14159; /* */
(%o28) 78.53975
(%i29) op(3+5); /* */
part: argument must be a non-atomic expression; found 8
-- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);
</syntaxhighlight>More useful and interesting expressions involve identifiers, However, expressions involving identifiers and operators may or may not have a value that is atomic:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i30) atom(z); /* */
(%o30) true
(%i31) atom(3); /* */
(%o31) true
(%i32) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o32) false
(%i33) op(z+3); /* */
(%o33) +
(%i34) z:5; /* */
(z) 5
(%i35) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o35) true</syntaxhighlight>These examples may seem simple, but what is exemplified by these simple expressions applies no matter how complex the expression may be:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i36) expr1:(1/(15^2 + 20^2 -2*15*20*cos(%pi/3))^(1/2)); /* */
(expr1) 1/(5*sqrt(13))
(%i37) atom(expr1); /* */
(%o37) false
(%i38) float(expr1); /* */
(%o38) 0.05547001962252292
(%i39) atom(float(expr1)); /* */
(%o39) true
(%i40) expr2:integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4); /* */
(expr2) 64/3
(%i41) atom(expr2); /* */
(%o41) false
(%i42) atom(integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o42) false
(%i43) op(expr2); /* */
(%o43) /
(%i44) op('integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o44) integrate
(%i45) 2*s^2+5*s+1; /* */
(%o45) 2*s^2+5*s+1
(%i46) solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s); /* */
(%o46) [s=-((sqrt(17)+5)/4),s=(sqrt(17)-5)/4]
(%i47) rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1]); /* */
(%o47) -((sqrt(17)+5)/4)
(%i48) atom(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(%o48) false
(%i49) ans:float(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(ans) -2.2807764064044154
(%i50) atom(ans);
(%o50) true
</syntaxhighlight>
==== Programming Expressions ====
==== Object Expressions ====
; {{BookCat}}
9tozwrfkxl1qk41s8l8axznxsgz7uor
4637262
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Idavidmiller
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text/x-wiki
== Getting Started Using Maxima - Some Essentials ==
This section is intended for those that are new to Maxima. It may or may not be of value or interest to those having prior experience.
=== The Maxima Way of doing Mathematics ===
Imagine that you want to create a computer application to perform some general mathematical tasks - not merely numerical calculations or "number crunching" as it is sometimes referred to somewhat pejoratively. It seems likely that it would be realized early on that, unlike humans that can interpret concepts and notation using context, computers and programming software generally are intolerant of any sort of ambiguity. Progress is being made in providing programming software with the ability to interpret based on context, but not here in Maxima. The Maxima expression syntax was created to be logical as well as unambiguous and precise in meaning and intention.
Another realization likely would be that mathematical expressions are the essential object on which mathematical concepts hinge, and that these concepts are conveyed using a conventional (if not entirely standard) system of notation. So, the means to compose mathematical expressions using some syntax for interpreting mathematical notation that your program could read and process as input would be essential. So Maxima is not a programming language in the conventional sense.
With the foregoing in mind, before starting to see examples of Maxima in action, keep the following in mind while learning and using Maxima:
* Expressions of various types (especially mathematical expressions) are the input to Maxima
* Every expression returns a value which is displayed as output unless the display is suppressed by some means
* Expressions as input are entered using an expression syntax that Maxima can read and process
==== Maxima expressions are of three types: ====
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
==== Maxima expressions are comprised of two "ingredients" so to speak: ====
# Atoms
# Operators
==== Atoms: ====
These are one type of the built-in basic expression ingredients of Maxima. They are:
# Identifiers - names used alone or to identify other expressions by name
# Literal numerals for numbers - integer, fraction, and floating point literals
# Strings - quoted strings of one or more characters
==== Operators: ====
These are the second type of the built-in expression ingredients of Maxima. Including:
# Mathematical operators such as + , - , * , /, ^ , ! for addition, subtraction, negation, multiplication, division, exponentiation, factorial and the like. Internally to Maxima these are short-hand symbols for operators. Maxima operators also include "functions" such as sin(x), log(x), etc.
# Operators that are used to accomplish something other than for mathematical purposes
'''Note:''' It is important to point out that there is a difference between operators, functions as used in the context of programming, and the mathematical concept of functions. In this book all Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word that are built-in to Maxima (that is "out-of-the-box" so to speak) will be referred to as operators, including those from loaded packages that are included with the Maxima distribution. Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word created by the user will be referred to as functions. The context should make it clear when the mathematical concept of a function is being referred to. It is unfortunately the case that the Maxima documentation refers to operators as functions. Like so much else, the word "function" has become overloaded.
=== A Brief Introduction to Expressions - Atoms, Identifiers and Operators ===
Below follows a brief introduction to Maxima expressions. All Maxima expressions are composed of '''''atoms''''' (including identifiers) and '''''operators''''', and every expression has a value.
With the foregoing information in mind, Maxima itself can be used to provide some examples of these various aspects of working with Maxima. This will be accomplished in the spirit of providing some insight and clarity for how to interact with Maxima, and how to compose expressions for input and how to interpret the values of expressions as output. What follows is not a "how-to" doe this or that mathematical task or application. It is more like an owner's manual for a vehicle. It describes the equipment and the features, but does not tell you how to drive the vehicle.
=== <u>Atoms</u> ===
There are three types of atoms used as "ingredients" for composing Maxima expressions for input:
# Identifiers
# Numerical literals for representing numbers
# Strings
An elaboration of the technical details of each of these three types will follow in subsequent sections. In this section is a brief introduction, and examples of each of these types presented to gain a basic level of familiarity with each type of atom.
==== <u>Identifiers</u> ====
Identifiers are one type of what are termed '''''atoms''''' as used in the context of Maxima expressions, but they are unique in that they are the only type of atom that can be assigned an expression other than their literal value.
Identifiers as atoms are used in Maxima expressions for two main purposes:
# To be unassigned an expression, and serve as a named variable
# To name an expression by way of an assignment operator
Try the following using Python:
<code>m + n</code><syntaxhighlight lang="python3">
>>> m + n
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'm' is not defined
>>>
</syntaxhighlight>or using R:<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
> m + n
Error: object 'm' not found
>
</syntaxhighlight>or using Octave:<syntaxhighlight lang="octave">
octave:1> m + n
error: 'm' undefined near line 1, column 1
octave:2>
</syntaxhighlight>Now, try this using Maxima:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
Maxima 5.49.0 https://maxima.sourceforge.io
using Lisp SBCL 2.0.1.debian
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) m + n;
(%o1) n + m
</syntaxhighlight>Take it on faith that the identifiers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> are in the Maxima namespace as a consequence of this expression, and that each has a value assigned by Maxima merely as a consequence of being used in the <code>m + n</code> input expression – <code>m</code> is <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> is <code>n</code> in this case.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i2) m;
(%o2) m
(%i3) n;
(%o3) n
</syntaxhighlight>A value for any identifier (other than itself) may never be assigned while using Maxima no matter how many times it is referenced. That is perfectly okay. Maxima doesn't care.
But sometimes a value is assigned to an identifier – either the first time it is referenced or after it is first referenced:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i4) m : n;
(m) n
(%i5) m;
(%o5) n
(%i6) remvalue(m);
(%o6) [m]
(%i7) m;
(%o7) m
</syntaxhighlight>In the above expressions, the identifier <code>m</code> is assigned, using the <code>:</code> assignment operator, the value of identifier <code>n</code> (which is in this case <code>n</code>), and then the value of <code>m</code> is removed using the <code>remvalue()</code> operator. Thus, the value of <code>m</code> reverts to itself – <code>m</code>.
These expressions, while trivial in a sense, provide some insight into an important way Maxima behaves. When identifiers are first referenced as input, they have a value – either a value through some sort of assignment, or merely the identifier name itself. Identifiers can be assigned values by different means as part of expressions as input.
Below follows some examples of Maxima identifiers as a very brief introduction:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) x; /* An unassigned identifier x */
(%o1) x
(%i2) mass; /* An unassigned identifier name of mass */
(%o2) mass
(%i3) f(x); /* An identifier f(x) for unassigned Maxima user-defined function */
(%o3) f(x)
(%i4) is(x = X); /* Identifiers are case-sensitive - x is not X */
(%o4) false
(%i6) y = x^2; /* Identifiers x and y used in an expression */
(%o6) y=x^2
(%i7) x : sqrt(2); /* Idenifier x assigned a value */
(x) sqrt(2)
/* An identifier w(x,y,z) for a Maxima user-defined function */
(%i8) w(x,w,z) := a*x^2 + b*y^2 + c*z^2;
(%o8) w(x,w,z):=a*x^2+b*y^2+c*z^2</syntaxhighlight>Maxima identifiers serve to name expressions as a value by means on some type of assignment, or they can be simply a name with a value of the name itself, in which case these unassigned identifiers may be considered to be variables. The technical details of Identifiers, assignment types, and expressions are elaborated upon in other book sections for each of these topics.
==== <u>Numerical literals for representing numbers</u> ====
There are four types of numerical literals used to compose Maxima expressions:
# Integers
# Fractions (for rational numbers)
# Floating Point
# Bigfloat (variable-precision floating point)
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i8) 1234; /* This is an integer type. An atom */
(%o8) 1234
(%i9) 5/9; /* This is a fraction for a rational number type. Not an atom. */
(%o9) 5/9
(%i10) 3.14159; /* This is a floating point type. An atom. */
(%o10) 3.14159
(%i11) 5.532051841609784b-1; /* This is a bigfloat type. An atom */
(%o11) 5.532051841609784b-1
</syntaxhighlight>
==== <u>Strings</u> ====
Strings are simply a quoted sequence of characters:
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) "a string atom"; /* This is a string atom. */
(%o12) "a string atom"
(%i13) "Hello World!"; /* This is another string atom. */
(%o13) "Hello World!"
(%i14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"; /* This is a longer string atom. */
(%o14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"
(%i15) "C"; /* There is no Maxima character type. */
(%o15) "C"
</syntaxhighlight>
=== <u>Mathematical Operators</u> ===
Along with atoms, Maxima operators are the second ingredient used to form expressions used as input. There are many Maxima operators. Some are used frequently as a consequence of their utility for forming mathematical expressions. Many others are used infrequently as these operators are used for specialized purposes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Operators
!Operator
!Operation
!Notes
!Type
|-
|<u>'''Arithmetic'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
| '''+'''
|addition
|also unary addition prefix
|n-ary
infix
commutative
|-
| '''-'''
|subtaction
|also unary negation prefix
|binary
infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''*'''
|multiplication
|
|n-ary infix
commutative
|-
|'''/'''
|division
|or fraction
|binary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''^'''
|exponentiation
|
|binary postfix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Relational'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''<'''
|less than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''<='''
|less than or equal
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>'''
|greater than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>='''
|greater thanor equal
|
|binary infix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Logical'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''and'''
|and
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''not'''
|not
|Operand is a Boolean expression
Result is a Boolean value
|unary prefix
|-
|'''or'''
|or
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Equations'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''='''
|equality
|Unevaluated equation
| Syntactically equal
|-
|'''#'''
|negation of syntactic equality =
|Unevaluated negation of an equation
|Syntactically not equal
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Assignment'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|''':'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates right hand side
|
|-
|'''::'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates both sides
|
|-
|''':='''
|function definition
|does not evaluate right hand side
|
|-
|'''::='''
|macro function definition
|
|
|-
|'''define''' ()
|function definition
|does evaluate right hand side
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Elementary Mathematical Operators (Functions)
!Operators (Functions)
or
Option Variables
!Description
!Notes
!
|-
|'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''abs''' (''z'')
|mathematical absolute value
|works for both numerical and symbolic values
|
|-
|'''ceiling''' (x)
|returns the least integer that is greater than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''entier''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer less than or equal to <var>x</var> where <var>x</var> is numeric
|
|
|-
|'''floor''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''fix''' <var>(x)</var>
|a synonym for entier (x)
|
|
|-
|'''hstep''' <var>(x)</var>
|the Heaviside unit step function
|
|
|-
|'''lmax''' <var>(L)</var>
|when <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('max, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''lmin''' <var>(L)</var>
|When <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('m</code><code>in, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''max''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical maximum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>
|
|
|-
|'''min''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical minimum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>.
|
|
|-
|'''round''' <var>(x)</var>
|when <var>x</var> is a real number, returns the closest integer to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''signum''' <var>(x)</var>
|for either real or complex numbers <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns 0 if <var>x</var> is zero; for a nonzero numeric input <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns <code>x/abs(x)</code>
|
|
|-
|'''truncate''' <var>(x)</var>
|when x is a real number, return the closest integer to x not greater in absolute value than ''x''
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Complex</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''cabs''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the absolute value of an expression representing a complex number
|
|
|-
|'''carg''' <var>(z)</var>
|returns the complex argument of ''z''
|
|
|-
|'''conjugate''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the complex conjugate of ''x''
|
|
|-
|'''imagpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the imaginary part of the expression ''expr''
|
|
|-
|'''polarform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>r %e^(%i theta)</code> equivalent to ''expr'', such that ''r'' and ''theta'' are purely real
|
|
|-
|'''realpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the real part of <var>expr</var>
|
|
|-
|'''rectform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>a + b %i</code> equivalent to <var>expr</var>, such that <var>a</var> and <var>b</var> are purely real
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Combinatorial</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''!!'''
|the double factorial operator
|
|
|-
|'''binomial''' <var>(x, y)</var>
|returns the binomial coefficient <code><var>x</var>!/(<var>y</var>! (<var>x</var> - <var>y</var>)!)</code>.
|
|
|-
|'''factcomb''' <var>(expr)</var>
|tries to combine the coefficients of factorials in <var>expr</var> with the factorials themselves
| by converting for example, <code>(n + 1)*n!</code> into <code>(n + 1)!</code>.
|
|-
|'''factorial''' ''(x)''
'''!'''
|returns the factorial of ''x''
|<code>factorial (<var>x</var>)</code> the same as <code><var>x</var>!</code>
|
|-
|'''factlim'''
|specifies the highest factorial which is automatically expanded
|option variable
default: 100000
|
|-
|'''factorial_expand'''
|controls the simplification of expressions like <code>(x+n)!</code>, where <code>n</code> is an integer
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''genfact''' <var>(x, y, z)</var>
|returns the generalized factorial, defined as <code>x (x-z) (x - 2 z) ... (x - (y - 1) z)</code>
|when <var>x</var> is an integer, <code>genfact (x, x, 1) = x!</code> and <code>genfact (x, x/2, 2) = x!!</code>
|
|-
|'''minfactorial''' <var>(expr)</var>
|examines <var>expr</var> for occurrences of two factorials which differ by an integer
|<code>minfactorial</code>then turns one into a polynomial times the other
|
|-
|'''sumsplitfact'''
|when <code>sumsplitfact</code> is <code>false</code>, <code>minfactorial</code> is applied after a <code>factcomb</code>
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Root</u>'''
'''<u>Exponential</u>'''
'''<u>Logarithmic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''%e_to_numlog'''
|when <code>true</code>, <code>r</code> some rational number, and <code>x</code> some expression, <code>%e^(r*log(x))</code> will be simplified into <code>x^r</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''%emode'''
|when <code>%emode</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e^(%pi %i x)</code> is simplified
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''%enumer'''
|when <code>%enumer</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e</code> is replaced by its numeric value 2.718… whenever <code>numer</code> is <code>true</code>.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''exp''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the exponential function
|
|
|-
|'''li''' <var>[s] (z)</var>
|represents the polylogarithm function of order <var>s</var> and argument <var>z</var>, defined by an infinite series
|
|
|-
|'''log''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the natural (base ) logarithm of <var>x</var>.
|Maxima does not have a built-in function for the base 10 logarithm or other bases
|
|-
|'''logabs'''
|when doing indefinite integration where logs are generated, e.g. <code>integrate(1/x,x)</code>, the answer is given in terms of <code>log(abs(...))</code> if <code>logabs</code> is <code>true</code>, but in terms of <code>log(...)</code>if <code>logabs</code> is <code>false</code>
for definite integration, the <code>logabs:true</code> setting is used, because here "evaluation" of the indefinite integral at the endpoints is often needed
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logarc''' <var>(expr)</var>
|carries out the replacement of inverse circular and hyperbolic functions with equivalent logarithmic functions for an expression <var>expr</var> without setting the global variable <code>logarc</code>
|
|
|-
| '''logarc'''
|when the global variable <code>logarc</code> is <code>true</code>, inverse circular and hyperbolic functions are replaced by equivalent logarithmic functions.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logconcoeffp'''
|controls which coefficients are contracted when using <code>logcontract</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logcontract''' <var>(expr)</var>
|recursively scans the expression <var>expr</var>, transforming subexpressions of the form <code>a1*log(b1) + a2*log(b2) + c</code> into <code>log(ratsimp(b1^a1 * b2^a2)) + c</code>
|
|
|-
|'''logexpand'''
|if <code>true</code>, that is the default value, causes <code>log(a^b)</code> to become <code>b*log(a)</code>
If it is set to <code>all</code>, <code>log(a*b)</code> will also simplify to <code>log(a)+log(b)</code>
If it is set to <code>super</code>, then <code>log(a/b)</code>will also simplify to <code>log(a)-log(b)</code> for rational numbers <code>a/b</code>, <code>a#1</code>(<code>log(1/b)</code>, for integer <code>b</code>, always simplifies.)
if it is set to <code>false</code>, all of these simplifications will be turned off
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''lognegint'''
|implements the rule <code>log(-n) -> log(n)+%i*%pi</code> for <code>n</code> a positive integer if <code>true</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logsimp'''
|if <code>false</code> then no simplification of <code>%e</code> to a power containing <code>log</code> is done
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| '''plog''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the principal branch of the complex-valued natural logarithm with <code>-%pi < carg(<var>x</var>) <= +%pi</code>
|
|
|-
|'''sqrt''' <var>(x)</var>
|the square root of <var>x</var>. It is represented internally by <code><var>x</var>^(1/2)</code>
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Trigonometric</u>'''
'''<u>Hyperbolic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''acos''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acot''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''acoth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cotangent.
|
|
|-
| '''acsc''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''acsch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''asec''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc secant.
|
|
|-
|'''asech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc secant
|
|
|-
|'''asin''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''asinh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''atan''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''atan2''' <var>(y, x)</var>
|returns the value of <math display="inline">\tan^{-1}(y/x) </math> in the interval <math display="inline">(- \pi) \ to\ (\pi) </math> taking into consideration the quadrant of the point ''(x,y)''
|
|
|-
|'''atanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''cos''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cot''' <var>(x)</var>
|cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''coth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''csc''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''csch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''sec''' <var>(x)</var>
|secant
|
|
|-
|'''sech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic secant
|
|
|-
|'''sin''' <var>(x)</var>
|sine
|
|
|-
|'''sinh''' <var>(x</var>
| O
|
|
|-
|'''tan''' <var>(x)</var>
|tangent
|
|
|-
|'''tanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic tangent
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Random</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''make_random_state''' ()
|a random state object represents the state of the random number generator
|
|
|-
|'''set_random_state''' <var>(s)</var>
|copies <var>s</var> to the random number generator state
|
|
|-
|'''random''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns a pseudorandom number
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
=== Maxima Expressions ===
For the purpose of review, Maxima expressions are of three types:
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
Object expressions and programming expressions are for use in support of the intended purpose of Maxima – a computer algebra system. Mathematical expressions are those that are the essential type for doing mathematics using Maxima.
==== Mathematical Expressions ====
Mathematical expressions consist of atoms and operators that are of a mathematical nature. Mathematical expressions can be simple to relatively complex. It is helpful to understand the anatomy of Maxima expressions in terms of atoms and operators. Some expressions can consist of a single atom, but more likely it will be the case that expressions will be comprised of atoms and operators.
The simplest expressions can consists of a single atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) 5; /* an integer atom */
(%o1) 5
(%i2) 3.14159; /* a floating point atom */
(%o2) 3.14159
(%i3) 77.3987483627298298277627928389828329382983b0; /* a bigfloat atom */
(%o3) 7.739874836272983b1
(%i4) x; /* an unassigned identifier atom */
(%o4) x</syntaxhighlight>Atoms are "self-evaluating" in the sense that they return themselves as values. Expressions such as these are not very useful, but they are the simplest example of mathematical expressions.
Fractions for literal rational numbers are simple expressions entered as follows, but are not atoms:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i5) 12/33; /* A fraction expression. Maxima simplfies the expression as output */
(%o5) 4/11
(%i6) atom(12/33); /* The fraction expression is not an atom */
(%o6) false
(%i8) op(12/33); /* The overall operation of this expression is / */
(%o8) /
</syntaxhighlight>In cases where Maxima returns an error message or the returned results are unexpected or perplexing, the <code>atom ()</code> and <code>op ()</code> operators may provide some insight into the nature of the error message or returned value.
Maxima evaluates the division of integers as rational numbers, and simplifies the return value if possible:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i09) 12/33 * 3/4; /* multiplication of fractions */
(%o09) 3/11
(%i10) (12/33) / (4/3); /* division of fractions */
(%o10) 3/11
(%i11) 3/8 + 13/4; /* addition of fractions */
(%o11) 29/8
</syntaxhighlight>Maxima will resolve mixed numerical types in expressions as returned values in a manner which might be expected :<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) 3/2 * 5; /* fraction and an integer */
(%o12) 15/2
(%i13) 3/2 * 5.0; /* fraction and floating point */
(%o13) 7.5
(%i14) 12.0/33; /* floating point and an integer */
(%o14) 0.36363636363636365
(%i15) 0.36363636363636365*0.36363636363636365b0; /* floating point and bigfloat */
(%o15) 1.322314049586777b-1
</syntaxhighlight>Some expressions remain "symbolic" numerically, and are not simplified or returned as a number type:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i16) sqrt(2); /* an algebraic irrational */
(%o16) sqrt(2)
(%i17) 3*5^(1/3); /* another algebraic irratioanl */
(%o17) 3*5^(1/3)
</syntaxhighlight>Built-in numerical constants are atoms. Numerical expressions involving one or more operators are not, unless the expression evaluates to an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i18) %pi; /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o18) %pi
(%i20) atom(%pi); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i20) atom(%e); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i21) atom(%i); /* i is a built-in constant */
(%o21) true
(%i22) atom(sqrt(2)); /* sqrt(2) in not an atom */
(%o22) false
(%i23) atom(3*5^(1/3)); /* 3*5^(1/3) is not an atom */
(%o23) false
(%i24) atom(3+5); /* 3+5 evaluates to 8 which is an atom*/
(%o24) true
(%i25) atom((5^2)*3.14159); /* (5^2)*3.14159) evaluates to 78.53975 which is an atom */
(%o25) true
</syntaxhighlight>An important point to understand is that expressions when evaluated may have a return value that is an atom or is not an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i26) atom(3+5); /* */
(%o26) true
(%i27) (5^2)*3.14159 /* */
(%o27) true
(%i28) (5^2)*3.14159; /* */
(%o28) 78.53975
(%i29) op(3+5); /* */
part: argument must be a non-atomic expression; found 8
-- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);
</syntaxhighlight>More useful and interesting expressions involve identifiers, However, expressions involving identifiers and operators may or may not have a value that is atomic:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i30) atom(z); /* */
(%o30) true
(%i31) atom(3); /* */
(%o31) true
(%i32) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o32) false
(%i33) op(z+3); /* */
(%o33) +
(%i34) z:5; /* */
(z) 5
(%i35) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o35) true</syntaxhighlight>These examples may seem simple, but what is exemplified by these simple expressions applies no matter how complex the expression may be:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i36) expr1:(1/(15^2 + 20^2 -2*15*20*cos(%pi/3))^(1/2)); /* */
(expr1) 1/(5*sqrt(13))
(%i37) atom(expr1); /* */
(%o37) false
(%i38) float(expr1); /* */
(%o38) 0.05547001962252292
(%i39) atom(float(expr1)); /* */
(%o39) true
(%i40) expr2:integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4); /* */
(expr2) 64/3
(%i41) atom(expr2); /* */
(%o41) false
(%i42) atom(integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o42) false
(%i43) op(expr2); /* */
(%o43) /
(%i44) op('integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o44) integrate
(%i45) 2*s^2+5*s+1; /* */
(%o45) 2*s^2+5*s+1
(%i46) solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s); /* */
(%o46) [s=-((sqrt(17)+5)/4),s=(sqrt(17)-5)/4]
(%i47) rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1]); /* */
(%o47) -((sqrt(17)+5)/4)
(%i48) atom(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(%o48) false
(%i49) ans:float(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(ans) -2.2807764064044154
(%i50) atom(ans);
(%o50) true
</syntaxhighlight>
==== The Maxima REPL ====
Maxima is most useful as an interactive computer algebra system program. The means of interaction is primarily by using the Maxima '''REPL''' – which is an abbreviation for Read, Evaluate, Print, Loop. But "REPL" doesn't encapsulate all that is happening to Maxima expressions while using the user interface. The Maxima REPL is more of a "RCESDL" process:
* R – read
* C – construct
* E – evaluate
* S – simplify
* D – display
* L – loop
Maxima constructs, evaluates, and simplifies expressions. Each of these may be viewed as a layer of manipulation Maxima applies to expressions.
This subsection describes expression construction. Evaluation and simplification
of expressions are described in detail in sections below. For now, consider
evaluation to be the substitution of the value of an expression for the
expression. Simplification is the application of a set of critieria defining
what "simpler" means as a relation between expressions so that an equivalent
"simplified" expression is substituted for an evaluated expression.
==== Programming Expressions ====
==== Object Expressions ====
; {{BookCat}}
0p6iw3pklwmsocrcnk74t6axz7ysfiw
4637287
4637262
2026-05-23T18:02:07Z
Idavidmiller
3577687
/* The Maxima REPL */ Work in progress. Saving Changes.
4637287
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Getting Started Using Maxima - Some Essentials ==
This section is intended for those that are new to Maxima. It may or may not be of value or interest to those having prior experience.
=== The Maxima Way of doing Mathematics ===
Imagine that you want to create a computer application to perform some general mathematical tasks - not merely numerical calculations or "number crunching" as it is sometimes referred to somewhat pejoratively. It seems likely that it would be realized early on that, unlike humans that can interpret concepts and notation using context, computers and programming software generally are intolerant of any sort of ambiguity. Progress is being made in providing programming software with the ability to interpret based on context, but not here in Maxima. The Maxima expression syntax was created to be logical as well as unambiguous and precise in meaning and intention.
Another realization likely would be that mathematical expressions are the essential object on which mathematical concepts hinge, and that these concepts are conveyed using a conventional (if not entirely standard) system of notation. So, the means to compose mathematical expressions using some syntax for interpreting mathematical notation that your program could read and process as input would be essential. So Maxima is not a programming language in the conventional sense.
With the foregoing in mind, before starting to see examples of Maxima in action, keep the following in mind while learning and using Maxima:
* Expressions of various types (especially mathematical expressions) are the input to Maxima
* Every expression returns a value which is displayed as output unless the display is suppressed by some means
* Expressions as input are entered using an expression syntax that Maxima can read and process
==== Maxima expressions are of three types: ====
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
==== Maxima expressions are comprised of two "ingredients" so to speak: ====
# Atoms
# Operators
==== Atoms: ====
These are one type of the built-in basic expression ingredients of Maxima. They are:
# Identifiers - names used alone or to identify other expressions by name
# Literal numerals for numbers - integer, fraction, and floating point literals
# Strings - quoted strings of one or more characters
==== Operators: ====
These are the second type of the built-in expression ingredients of Maxima. Including:
# Mathematical operators such as + , - , * , /, ^ , ! for addition, subtraction, negation, multiplication, division, exponentiation, factorial and the like. Internally to Maxima these are short-hand symbols for operators. Maxima operators also include "functions" such as sin(x), log(x), etc.
# Operators that are used to accomplish something other than for mathematical purposes
'''Note:''' It is important to point out that there is a difference between operators, functions as used in the context of programming, and the mathematical concept of functions. In this book all Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word that are built-in to Maxima (that is "out-of-the-box" so to speak) will be referred to as operators, including those from loaded packages that are included with the Maxima distribution. Maxima functions in the programming sense of the word created by the user will be referred to as functions. The context should make it clear when the mathematical concept of a function is being referred to. It is unfortunately the case that the Maxima documentation refers to operators as functions. Like so much else, the word "function" has become overloaded.
=== A Brief Introduction to Expressions - Atoms, Identifiers and Operators ===
Below follows a brief introduction to Maxima expressions. All Maxima expressions are composed of '''''atoms''''' (including identifiers) and '''''operators''''', and every expression has a value.
With the foregoing information in mind, Maxima itself can be used to provide some examples of these various aspects of working with Maxima. This will be accomplished in the spirit of providing some insight and clarity for how to interact with Maxima, and how to compose expressions for input and how to interpret the values of expressions as output. What follows is not a "how-to" doe this or that mathematical task or application. It is more like an owner's manual for a vehicle. It describes the equipment and the features, but does not tell you how to drive the vehicle.
=== <u>Atoms</u> ===
There are three types of atoms used as "ingredients" for composing Maxima expressions for input:
# Identifiers
# Numerical literals for representing numbers
# Strings
An elaboration of the technical details of each of these three types will follow in subsequent sections. In this section is a brief introduction, and examples of each of these types presented to gain a basic level of familiarity with each type of atom.
==== <u>Identifiers</u> ====
Identifiers are one type of what are termed '''''atoms''''' as used in the context of Maxima expressions, but they are unique in that they are the only type of atom that can be assigned an expression other than their literal value.
Identifiers as atoms are used in Maxima expressions for two main purposes:
# To be unassigned an expression, and serve as a named variable
# To name an expression by way of an assignment operator
Try the following using Python:
<code>m + n</code><syntaxhighlight lang="python3">
>>> m + n
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'm' is not defined
>>>
</syntaxhighlight>or using R:<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
> m + n
Error: object 'm' not found
>
</syntaxhighlight>or using Octave:<syntaxhighlight lang="octave">
octave:1> m + n
error: 'm' undefined near line 1, column 1
octave:2>
</syntaxhighlight>Now, try this using Maxima:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
Maxima 5.49.0 https://maxima.sourceforge.io
using Lisp SBCL 2.0.1.debian
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) m + n;
(%o1) n + m
</syntaxhighlight>Take it on faith that the identifiers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> are in the Maxima namespace as a consequence of this expression, and that each has a value assigned by Maxima merely as a consequence of being used in the <code>m + n</code> input expression – <code>m</code> is <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> is <code>n</code> in this case.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i2) m;
(%o2) m
(%i3) n;
(%o3) n
</syntaxhighlight>A value for any identifier (other than itself) may never be assigned while using Maxima no matter how many times it is referenced. That is perfectly okay. Maxima doesn't care.
But sometimes a value is assigned to an identifier – either the first time it is referenced or after it is first referenced:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i4) m : n;
(m) n
(%i5) m;
(%o5) n
(%i6) remvalue(m);
(%o6) [m]
(%i7) m;
(%o7) m
</syntaxhighlight>In the above expressions, the identifier <code>m</code> is assigned, using the <code>:</code> assignment operator, the value of identifier <code>n</code> (which is in this case <code>n</code>), and then the value of <code>m</code> is removed using the <code>remvalue()</code> operator. Thus, the value of <code>m</code> reverts to itself – <code>m</code>.
These expressions, while trivial in a sense, provide some insight into an important way Maxima behaves. When identifiers are first referenced as input, they have a value – either a value through some sort of assignment, or merely the identifier name itself. Identifiers can be assigned values by different means as part of expressions as input.
Below follows some examples of Maxima identifiers as a very brief introduction:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) x; /* An unassigned identifier x */
(%o1) x
(%i2) mass; /* An unassigned identifier name of mass */
(%o2) mass
(%i3) f(x); /* An identifier f(x) for unassigned Maxima user-defined function */
(%o3) f(x)
(%i4) is(x = X); /* Identifiers are case-sensitive - x is not X */
(%o4) false
(%i6) y = x^2; /* Identifiers x and y used in an expression */
(%o6) y=x^2
(%i7) x : sqrt(2); /* Idenifier x assigned a value */
(x) sqrt(2)
/* An identifier w(x,y,z) for a Maxima user-defined function */
(%i8) w(x,w,z) := a*x^2 + b*y^2 + c*z^2;
(%o8) w(x,w,z):=a*x^2+b*y^2+c*z^2</syntaxhighlight>Maxima identifiers serve to name expressions as a value by means on some type of assignment, or they can be simply a name with a value of the name itself, in which case these unassigned identifiers may be considered to be variables. The technical details of Identifiers, assignment types, and expressions are elaborated upon in other book sections for each of these topics.
==== <u>Numerical literals for representing numbers</u> ====
There are four types of numerical literals used to compose Maxima expressions:
# Integers
# Fractions (for rational numbers)
# Floating Point
# Bigfloat (variable-precision floating point)
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i8) 1234; /* This is an integer type. An atom */
(%o8) 1234
(%i9) 5/9; /* This is a fraction for a rational number type. Not an atom. */
(%o9) 5/9
(%i10) 3.14159; /* This is a floating point type. An atom. */
(%o10) 3.14159
(%i11) 5.532051841609784b-1; /* This is a bigfloat type. An atom */
(%o11) 5.532051841609784b-1
</syntaxhighlight>
==== <u>Strings</u> ====
Strings are simply a quoted sequence of characters:
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) "a string atom"; /* This is a string atom. */
(%o12) "a string atom"
(%i13) "Hello World!"; /* This is another string atom. */
(%o13) "Hello World!"
(%i14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"; /* This is a longer string atom. */
(%o14) "Supercalifagilisticexpialidocious"
(%i15) "C"; /* There is no Maxima character type. */
(%o15) "C"
</syntaxhighlight>
=== <u>Mathematical Operators</u> ===
Along with atoms, Maxima operators are the second ingredient used to form expressions used as input. There are many Maxima operators. Some are used frequently as a consequence of their utility for forming mathematical expressions. Many others are used infrequently as these operators are used for specialized purposes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Operators
!Operator
!Operation
!Notes
!Type
|-
|<u>'''Arithmetic'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
| '''+'''
|addition
|also unary addition prefix
|n-ary
infix
commutative
|-
| '''-'''
|subtaction
|also unary negation prefix
|binary
infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''*'''
|multiplication
|
|n-ary infix
commutative
|-
|'''/'''
|division
|or fraction
|binary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''^'''
|exponentiation
|
|binary postfix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Relational'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''<'''
|less than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''<='''
|less than or equal
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>'''
|greater than
|
|binary infix
|-
|'''>='''
|greater thanor equal
|
|binary infix
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Logical'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''and'''
|and
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
|'''not'''
|not
|Operand is a Boolean expression
Result is a Boolean value
|unary prefix
|-
|'''or'''
|or
|Operands are Boolean expressions
Result is a Boolean value
|n-ary infix
noncommutative
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Equations'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|'''='''
|equality
|Unevaluated equation
| Syntactically equal
|-
|'''#'''
|negation of syntactic equality =
|Unevaluated negation of an equation
|Syntactically not equal
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|<u>'''Assignment'''</u>
|
|
|
|-
|''':'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates right hand side
|
|-
|'''::'''
|assignment to left hand side
|evaluates both sides
|
|-
|''':='''
|function definition
|does not evaluate right hand side
|
|-
|'''::='''
|macro function definition
|
|
|-
|'''define''' ()
|function definition
|does evaluate right hand side
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Elementary Mathematical Operators (Functions)
!Operators (Functions)
or
Option Variables
!Description
!Notes
!
|-
|'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''abs''' (''z'')
|mathematical absolute value
|works for both numerical and symbolic values
|
|-
|'''ceiling''' (x)
|returns the least integer that is greater than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''entier''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer less than or equal to <var>x</var> where <var>x</var> is numeric
|
|
|-
|'''floor''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''fix''' <var>(x)</var>
|a synonym for entier (x)
|
|
|-
|'''hstep''' <var>(x)</var>
|the Heaviside unit step function
|
|
|-
|'''lmax''' <var>(L)</var>
|when <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('max, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''lmin''' <var>(L)</var>
|When <var>L</var> is a list or a set, return
<code>apply ('m</code><code>in, args (<var>L</var>))</code>
|
|
|-
|'''max''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical maximum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>
|
|
|-
|'''min''' <var>(x_1, …, x_n)</var>
|returns a simplified value for the numerical minimum of the expressions <var>x_1</var> through <var>x_n</var>.
|
|
|-
|'''round''' <var>(x)</var>
|when <var>x</var> is a real number, returns the closest integer to <var>x</var>
|
|
|-
|'''signum''' <var>(x)</var>
|for either real or complex numbers <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns 0 if <var>x</var> is zero; for a nonzero numeric input <var>x</var>, the '''signum''' function returns <code>x/abs(x)</code>
|
|
|-
|'''truncate''' <var>(x)</var>
|when x is a real number, return the closest integer to x not greater in absolute value than ''x''
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Complex</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''cabs''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the absolute value of an expression representing a complex number
|
|
|-
|'''carg''' <var>(z)</var>
|returns the complex argument of ''z''
|
|
|-
|'''conjugate''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns the complex conjugate of ''x''
|
|
|-
|'''imagpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the imaginary part of the expression ''expr''
|
|
|-
|'''polarform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>r %e^(%i theta)</code> equivalent to ''expr'', such that ''r'' and ''theta'' are purely real
|
|
|-
|'''realpart''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns the real part of <var>expr</var>
|
|
|-
|'''rectform''' <var>(expr)</var>
|returns an expression <code>a + b %i</code> equivalent to <var>expr</var>, such that <var>a</var> and <var>b</var> are purely real
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Combinatorial</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''!!'''
|the double factorial operator
|
|
|-
|'''binomial''' <var>(x, y)</var>
|returns the binomial coefficient <code><var>x</var>!/(<var>y</var>! (<var>x</var> - <var>y</var>)!)</code>.
|
|
|-
|'''factcomb''' <var>(expr)</var>
|tries to combine the coefficients of factorials in <var>expr</var> with the factorials themselves
| by converting for example, <code>(n + 1)*n!</code> into <code>(n + 1)!</code>.
|
|-
|'''factorial''' ''(x)''
'''!'''
|returns the factorial of ''x''
|<code>factorial (<var>x</var>)</code> the same as <code><var>x</var>!</code>
|
|-
|'''factlim'''
|specifies the highest factorial which is automatically expanded
|option variable
default: 100000
|
|-
|'''factorial_expand'''
|controls the simplification of expressions like <code>(x+n)!</code>, where <code>n</code> is an integer
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''genfact''' <var>(x, y, z)</var>
|returns the generalized factorial, defined as <code>x (x-z) (x - 2 z) ... (x - (y - 1) z)</code>
|when <var>x</var> is an integer, <code>genfact (x, x, 1) = x!</code> and <code>genfact (x, x/2, 2) = x!!</code>
|
|-
|'''minfactorial''' <var>(expr)</var>
|examines <var>expr</var> for occurrences of two factorials which differ by an integer
|<code>minfactorial</code>then turns one into a polynomial times the other
|
|-
|'''sumsplitfact'''
|when <code>sumsplitfact</code> is <code>false</code>, <code>minfactorial</code> is applied after a <code>factcomb</code>
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Root</u>'''
'''<u>Exponential</u>'''
'''<u>Logarithmic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''%e_to_numlog'''
|when <code>true</code>, <code>r</code> some rational number, and <code>x</code> some expression, <code>%e^(r*log(x))</code> will be simplified into <code>x^r</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''%emode'''
|when <code>%emode</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e^(%pi %i x)</code> is simplified
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''%enumer'''
|when <code>%enumer</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>%e</code> is replaced by its numeric value 2.718… whenever <code>numer</code> is <code>true</code>.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''exp''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the exponential function
|
|
|-
|'''li''' <var>[s] (z)</var>
|represents the polylogarithm function of order <var>s</var> and argument <var>z</var>, defined by an infinite series
|
|
|-
|'''log''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the natural (base ) logarithm of <var>x</var>.
|Maxima does not have a built-in function for the base 10 logarithm or other bases
|
|-
|'''logabs'''
|when doing indefinite integration where logs are generated, e.g. <code>integrate(1/x,x)</code>, the answer is given in terms of <code>log(abs(...))</code> if <code>logabs</code> is <code>true</code>, but in terms of <code>log(...)</code>if <code>logabs</code> is <code>false</code>
for definite integration, the <code>logabs:true</code> setting is used, because here "evaluation" of the indefinite integral at the endpoints is often needed
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logarc''' <var>(expr)</var>
|carries out the replacement of inverse circular and hyperbolic functions with equivalent logarithmic functions for an expression <var>expr</var> without setting the global variable <code>logarc</code>
|
|
|-
| '''logarc'''
|when the global variable <code>logarc</code> is <code>true</code>, inverse circular and hyperbolic functions are replaced by equivalent logarithmic functions.
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logconcoeffp'''
|controls which coefficients are contracted when using <code>logcontract</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logcontract''' <var>(expr)</var>
|recursively scans the expression <var>expr</var>, transforming subexpressions of the form <code>a1*log(b1) + a2*log(b2) + c</code> into <code>log(ratsimp(b1^a1 * b2^a2)) + c</code>
|
|
|-
|'''logexpand'''
|if <code>true</code>, that is the default value, causes <code>log(a^b)</code> to become <code>b*log(a)</code>
If it is set to <code>all</code>, <code>log(a*b)</code> will also simplify to <code>log(a)+log(b)</code>
If it is set to <code>super</code>, then <code>log(a/b)</code>will also simplify to <code>log(a)-log(b)</code> for rational numbers <code>a/b</code>, <code>a#1</code>(<code>log(1/b)</code>, for integer <code>b</code>, always simplifies.)
if it is set to <code>false</code>, all of these simplifications will be turned off
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
|'''lognegint'''
|implements the rule <code>log(-n) -> log(n)+%i*%pi</code> for <code>n</code> a positive integer if <code>true</code>
|option variable
default: false
|
|-
|'''logsimp'''
|if <code>false</code> then no simplification of <code>%e</code> to a power containing <code>log</code> is done
|option variable
default: true
|
|-
| '''plog''' <var>(x)</var>
|represents the principal branch of the complex-valued natural logarithm with <code>-%pi < carg(<var>x</var>) <= +%pi</code>
|
|
|-
|'''sqrt''' <var>(x)</var>
|the square root of <var>x</var>. It is represented internally by <code><var>x</var>^(1/2)</code>
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Trigonometric</u>'''
'''<u>Hyperbolic</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''acos''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosine
|
|
|-
|'''acot''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''acoth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cotangent.
|
|
|-
| '''acsc''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''acsch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''asec''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc secant.
|
|
|-
|'''asech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc secant
|
|
|-
|'''asin''' <var>(x</var><var>)</var>
|arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''asinh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc sine
|
|
|-
|'''atan''' <var>(x)</var>
|arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''atan2''' <var>(y, x)</var>
|returns the value of <math display="inline">\tan^{-1}(y/x) </math> in the interval <math display="inline">(- \pi) \ to\ (\pi) </math> taking into consideration the quadrant of the point ''(x,y)''
|
|
|-
|'''atanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic arc tangent
|
|
|-
|'''cos''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cosh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosine
|
|
|-
|'''cot''' <var>(x)</var>
|cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''coth''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cotangent
|
|
|-
|'''csc''' <var>(x)</var>
|cosecant
|
|
|-
| '''csch''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic cosecant
|
|
|-
|'''sec''' <var>(x)</var>
|secant
|
|
|-
|'''sech''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic secant
|
|
|-
|'''sin''' <var>(x)</var>
|sine
|
|
|-
|'''sinh''' <var>(x</var>
| O
|
|
|-
|'''tan''' <var>(x)</var>
|tangent
|
|
|-
|'''tanh''' <var>(x)</var>
|hyperbolic tangent
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|'''<u>Random</u>'''
'''<u>Numbers</u>'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''make_random_state''' ()
|a random state object represents the state of the random number generator
|
|
|-
|'''set_random_state''' <var>(s)</var>
|copies <var>s</var> to the random number generator state
|
|
|-
|'''random''' <var>(x)</var>
|returns a pseudorandom number
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
=== Maxima Expressions ===
For the purpose of review, Maxima expressions are of three types:
# Mathematical expressions
# Object expressions
# Programming expressions
Object expressions and programming expressions are for use in support of the intended purpose of Maxima – a computer algebra system. Mathematical expressions are those that are the essential type for doing mathematics using Maxima.
==== Mathematical Expressions ====
Mathematical expressions consist of atoms and operators that are of a mathematical nature. Mathematical expressions can be simple to relatively complex. It is helpful to understand the anatomy of Maxima expressions in terms of atoms and operators. Some expressions can consist of a single atom, but more likely it will be the case that expressions will be comprised of atoms and operators.
The simplest expressions can consists of a single atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i1) 5; /* an integer atom */
(%o1) 5
(%i2) 3.14159; /* a floating point atom */
(%o2) 3.14159
(%i3) 77.3987483627298298277627928389828329382983b0; /* a bigfloat atom */
(%o3) 7.739874836272983b1
(%i4) x; /* an unassigned identifier atom */
(%o4) x</syntaxhighlight>Atoms are "self-evaluating" in the sense that they return themselves as values. Expressions such as these are not very useful, but they are the simplest example of mathematical expressions.
Fractions for literal rational numbers are simple expressions entered as follows, but are not atoms:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i5) 12/33; /* A fraction expression. Maxima simplfies the expression as output */
(%o5) 4/11
(%i6) atom(12/33); /* The fraction expression is not an atom */
(%o6) false
(%i8) op(12/33); /* The overall operation of this expression is / */
(%o8) /
</syntaxhighlight>In cases where Maxima returns an error message or the returned results are unexpected or perplexing, the <code>atom ()</code> and <code>op ()</code> operators may provide some insight into the nature of the error message or returned value.
Maxima evaluates the division of integers as rational numbers, and simplifies the return value if possible:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i09) 12/33 * 3/4; /* multiplication of fractions */
(%o09) 3/11
(%i10) (12/33) / (4/3); /* division of fractions */
(%o10) 3/11
(%i11) 3/8 + 13/4; /* addition of fractions */
(%o11) 29/8
</syntaxhighlight>Maxima will resolve mixed numerical types in expressions as returned values in a manner which might be expected :<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i12) 3/2 * 5; /* fraction and an integer */
(%o12) 15/2
(%i13) 3/2 * 5.0; /* fraction and floating point */
(%o13) 7.5
(%i14) 12.0/33; /* floating point and an integer */
(%o14) 0.36363636363636365
(%i15) 0.36363636363636365*0.36363636363636365b0; /* floating point and bigfloat */
(%o15) 1.322314049586777b-1
</syntaxhighlight>Some expressions remain "symbolic" numerically, and are not simplified or returned as a number type:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i16) sqrt(2); /* an algebraic irrational */
(%o16) sqrt(2)
(%i17) 3*5^(1/3); /* another algebraic irratioanl */
(%o17) 3*5^(1/3)
</syntaxhighlight>Built-in numerical constants are atoms. Numerical expressions involving one or more operators are not, unless the expression evaluates to an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i18) %pi; /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o18) %pi
(%i20) atom(%pi); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i20) atom(%e); /* a trancendental built-in constant */
(%o20) true
(%i21) atom(%i); /* i is a built-in constant */
(%o21) true
(%i22) atom(sqrt(2)); /* sqrt(2) in not an atom */
(%o22) false
(%i23) atom(3*5^(1/3)); /* 3*5^(1/3) is not an atom */
(%o23) false
(%i24) atom(3+5); /* 3+5 evaluates to 8 which is an atom*/
(%o24) true
(%i25) atom((5^2)*3.14159); /* (5^2)*3.14159) evaluates to 78.53975 which is an atom */
(%o25) true
</syntaxhighlight>An important point to understand is that expressions when evaluated may have a return value that is an atom or is not an atom:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i26) atom(3+5); /* */
(%o26) true
(%i27) (5^2)*3.14159 /* */
(%o27) true
(%i28) (5^2)*3.14159; /* */
(%o28) 78.53975
(%i29) op(3+5); /* */
part: argument must be a non-atomic expression; found 8
-- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);
</syntaxhighlight>More useful and interesting expressions involve identifiers, However, expressions involving identifiers and operators may or may not have a value that is atomic:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i30) atom(z); /* */
(%o30) true
(%i31) atom(3); /* */
(%o31) true
(%i32) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o32) false
(%i33) op(z+3); /* */
(%o33) +
(%i34) z:5; /* */
(z) 5
(%i35) atom(z+3); /* */
(%o35) true</syntaxhighlight>These examples may seem simple, but what is exemplified by these simple expressions applies no matter how complex the expression may be:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
(%i36) expr1:(1/(15^2 + 20^2 -2*15*20*cos(%pi/3))^(1/2)); /* */
(expr1) 1/(5*sqrt(13))
(%i37) atom(expr1); /* */
(%o37) false
(%i38) float(expr1); /* */
(%o38) 0.05547001962252292
(%i39) atom(float(expr1)); /* */
(%o39) true
(%i40) expr2:integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4); /* */
(expr2) 64/3
(%i41) atom(expr2); /* */
(%o41) false
(%i42) atom(integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o42) false
(%i43) op(expr2); /* */
(%o43) /
(%i44) op('integrate(w^2, w, 0, 4)); /* */
(%o44) integrate
(%i45) 2*s^2+5*s+1; /* */
(%o45) 2*s^2+5*s+1
(%i46) solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s); /* */
(%o46) [s=-((sqrt(17)+5)/4),s=(sqrt(17)-5)/4]
(%i47) rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1]); /* */
(%o47) -((sqrt(17)+5)/4)
(%i48) atom(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(%o48) false
(%i49) ans:float(rhs(solve(2*s^2+5*s+1,s)[1])); /* */
(ans) -2.2807764064044154
(%i50) atom(ans);
(%o50) true
</syntaxhighlight>
==== The Maxima REPL ====
Maxima is most useful as an interactive computer algebra system program. The means of interaction is primarily by using the Maxima '''REPL''' – which is an abbreviation for Read, Evaluate, Print, Loop. But "REPL" doesn't encapsulate all that is happening to Maxima expressions while using the user interface. The Maxima REPL is more of a "RCESDL" process:
* R – read
* C – construct
* E – evaluate
* S – simplify
* D – display
* L – loop
Maxima reads, constructs, evaluates, and simplifies expressions, and then displays return values and "loops" by displaying the next input prompt. Each of these (except looping) may be viewed as a layer of manipulation Maxima applies to expressions.
The next subsection describes expression reading and construction. Evaluation and simplification of expressions are described in subsections that follow. For now, consider evaluation to be the substitution of the value of an expression for the expression. Simplification is the application of a set of criteria defining what "simpler" means as a relation between expressions so that an equivalent "simplified" expression is substituted for an evaluated expression.
===== Expression Reading and Construction =====
===== Expression Evaluation =====
===== Expression Simplification =====
===== Return Value Display =====
==== Programming Expressions ====
==== Object Expressions ====
; {{BookCat}}
qa299lo32l7g4zfijlzsyfk0tmhnb6g
Transportation Planning Casebook/Stroget, Copenhagen
0
483109
4637276
4636967
2026-05-23T17:41:25Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of locations */
4637276
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
[[File:Stroget Street Map.jpg|center|Map of Stroget<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref>]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
5ej9o2229pjbrzet8begxex818tn4nd
4637277
4637276
2026-05-23T17:48:35Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637277
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="400" height="240" align="left">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
eim0p83434d9z8vms19w6gx3p4lylh1
4637278
4637277
2026-05-23T17:49:29Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637278
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="400" height="240" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
sqn4030pkz9p7oft2idwjudcvg9zw15
4637279
4637278
2026-05-23T17:50:36Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637279
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="600" height="400" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
03tqa8pzki3ls1e95yw843h4ggxmxdd
4637280
4637279
2026-05-23T17:52:22Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637280
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="600" height="400" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
[[File:Stroget Street Map.jpg|thumb|601x601px]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
hkrgd2v9nzpwip0wpbv1mk5r8p68lvf
4637281
4637280
2026-05-23T17:52:41Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637281
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="600" height="400" align="left">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
[[File:Stroget Street Map.jpg|thumb|601x601px]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
0vq11r8ajetkdiuybqku5fga2h0nob2
4637282
4637281
2026-05-23T17:53:20Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Identification of policy issues */
4637282
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="427" height="337" align="left">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
[[File:Stroget Street Map.jpg|thumb|451x451px|none]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
dqcq82ity4ym2wg5pkx0cfhd9z538dp
4637283
4637282
2026-05-23T17:54:48Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637283
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="475" height="383" align="left">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
[[File:Stroget_Street_Map.jpg|none|thumb|449x449px]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
0jb8bw6r1lktz6jsnbkxsr3t81dotyi
4637284
4637283
2026-05-23T17:55:02Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637284
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="475" height="383" align="left">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
[[File:Stroget_Street_Map.jpg|none|thumb|425x425px]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
mgdsp3dyfv2ylgfmudu6ji569aenpp2
4637285
4637284
2026-05-23T17:55:27Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637285
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="left">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
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[[File:Stroget_Street_Map.jpg|none|thumb|408x408px]]
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
ce4em5cquoss0yiliybl91cp78euhql
4637286
4637285
2026-05-23T17:57:28Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Maps of location */
4637286
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Identification of policy issues ==
RL
The core policy controversy faced by this project in its early stage was the conflict between protecting commercial interests and redistributing public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers were extremely concerned that prohibiting cars from entering would lead to a loss of customers and a sharp decline in sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> Moreover, the early planning also faced the daunting challenge of how to change the long-standing transportation habits of the citizens, who had been overly dependent on car travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref> However, later economic data proved that a high-quality pedestrian environment not only significantly prolonged people's stay time but also greatly promoted the local retail economy.<ref name=":1" />
MK
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the project raised a series of policy issues that remain directly relevant to contemporary transport, land‑use and public‑realm decision‑making.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
MK
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
Internationally, Strøget is significant for demonstrating that removing cars from city centres can enhance economic activity, urban vitality, and quality of life. Its success has influenced pedestrian‑first streets and city‑centre revitalisation projects around the world and remains a benchmark for strong pedestrian network design.
RL
The transformation of Strøget has proven internationally that reducing car access in the city center is not only feasible but also brings significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long-term observational data from urban planning scholar Jan Gehl show that after the implementation of pedestrianization, the proportion of people spending time, communicating, and participating in public activities on the streets has experienced a dramatic increase.<ref name=":0" /> Today, this case has become the gold standard for major cities around the world to revitalize their central areas and implement "pedestrian-first" street designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
bpgv7vonlf2eogxf13i1haq9wdcrynz
4637357
4637286
2026-05-24T05:08:10Z
~2026-28242-46
3582994
4637357
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Identification of policy issues ==
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the early stages of the Strøget project were marked by significant policy controversy, particularly around balancing commercial interests with the redistribution of public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers initially feared that removing car access would deter customers and lead to declining sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> At the same time, planners faced the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained travel behaviours in a population accustomed to car use.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref>
In practice, however, these concerns proved largely unfounded. Subsequent economic evidence showed that a high‑quality pedestrian environment increased dwell time, social activity, and foot traffic, which in turn supported stronger retail performance. The project ultimately demonstrated that reallocating street space away from vehicles and toward people can deliver both economic and social gains, helping to reshape long‑standing assumptions about access, mobility, and urban vitality.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
The transformation of Strøget has demonstrated internationally that reducing car access in city centres is not only feasible but also delivers significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long‑term observational research by urban planning scholar Jan Gehl shows that following pedestrianisation, the number of people spending time in public space, interacting, and participating in street life increased dramatically.<ref name=":0" /> Today, Strøget is considered a global benchmark for “pedestrian‑first” street design, influencing city‑centre revitalisation projects worldwide and serving as a gold standard for enhancing urban vitality, economic activity, and quality of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
bvuvin9995gbpuofi1e5u80rl2m7ae1
4637358
4637357
2026-05-24T05:35:47Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Identification of policy issues */
4637358
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
RL
Political courage and leadership: The planning officials in Copenhagen at that time overcame the strong opposition from local retailers and firmly pushed forward the initial car-free experiment.
Progressive planning strategy: The project adopts the approach of conducting pilot evaluations first, obtaining data support, and then implementing permanently. This effectively alleviated the public's resistance.
Reconfiguration of spatial functions: After the streets were de-automated, they were given high-quality paving, and outdoor cafes and public seating were introduced, enhancing the social nature of the space.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Policy issues ==
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the early stages of the Strøget project were marked by significant policy controversy, particularly around balancing commercial interests with the redistribution of public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers initially feared that removing car access would deter customers and lead to declining sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> At the same time, planners faced the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained travel behaviours in a population accustomed to car use.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref>
In practice, however, these concerns proved largely unfounded. Subsequent economic evidence showed that a high‑quality pedestrian environment increased dwell time, social activity, and foot traffic, which in turn supported stronger retail performance. The project ultimately demonstrated that reallocating street space away from vehicles and toward people can deliver both economic and social gains, helping to reshape long‑standing assumptions about access, mobility, and urban vitality.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
The transformation of Strøget has demonstrated internationally that reducing car access in city centres is not only feasible but also delivers significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long‑term observational research by urban planning scholar Jan Gehl shows that following pedestrianisation, the number of people spending time in public space, interacting, and participating in street life increased dramatically.<ref name=":0" /> Today, Strøget is considered a global benchmark for “pedestrian‑first” street design, influencing city‑centre revitalisation projects worldwide and serving as a gold standard for enhancing urban vitality, economic activity, and quality of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
tnw58ibsuv5n07a373enuljgun0mgao
4637359
4637358
2026-05-24T05:49:03Z
~2026-28242-46
3582994
/* Annotated list of actors */
4637359
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
The development and implementation of Strøget involved multiple stakeholders whose roles, concerns, and responses evolved over time. While strong leadership and expert input were critical, the project was equally shaped by the reactions of businesses, residents, and the wider community—particularly during its early, contested stages. The table below summarises the key actors and their respective perspectives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sempelmann |first=Peter |date=2026-03-05 |title=Cities for People: Human-scale Urbanism drives Retail Success |url=https://www.across-magazine.com/cities-for-people/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=ACROSS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|Demonstrated strong political leadership by proceeding with pedestrianisation despite opposition from retailers. Implemented a pilot‑first strategy (temporary closure during peak shopping period, followed by evaluation and permanent adoption), helping to reduce risk and public resistance. Led the redesign of street space toward people‑focused uses.
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|Conducted systematic observational studies of public life, documenting increases in pedestrian activity, dwell time, and social interaction after pedestrianisation. Provided robust empirical evidence linking people‑first design with improved urban vitality and retail outcomes.
|-
|Private Sector / Interest Groups
|Local retailers and business owners
|Initially resisted the project due to concerns that removing car access would reduce customers and harm sales. Contrary to expectations, evidence from the pilot and subsequent years showed stable or improved retail turnover as foot traffic increased.
|-
|Community
|Residents and street users
|Early concerns included inconvenience, delivery access, and disruption to established car‑based travel habits. Through the pilot process and visible improvements in safety, vibrancy, and usability, public support increased significantly, with greater participation in public life and street activities.
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Policy issues ==
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the early stages of the Strøget project were marked by significant policy controversy, particularly around balancing commercial interests with the redistribution of public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers initially feared that removing car access would deter customers and lead to declining sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> At the same time, planners faced the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained travel behaviours in a population accustomed to car use.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref>
In practice, however, these concerns proved largely unfounded. Subsequent economic evidence showed that a high‑quality pedestrian environment increased dwell time, social activity, and foot traffic, which in turn supported stronger retail performance. The project ultimately demonstrated that reallocating street space away from vehicles and toward people can deliver both economic and social gains, helping to reshape long‑standing assumptions about access, mobility, and urban vitality.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
While Strøget raises a range of individual issues—economic, political, operational, spatial and environmental—many of these point to a smaller number of shared policy lessons. These lessons are best understood as cross‑cutting themes, rather than stand‑alone findings.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
The transformation of Strøget has demonstrated internationally that reducing car access in city centres is not only feasible but also delivers significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long‑term observational research by urban planning scholar Jan Gehl shows that following pedestrianisation, the number of people spending time in public space, interacting, and participating in street life increased dramatically.<ref name=":0" /> Today, Strøget is considered a global benchmark for “pedestrian‑first” street design, influencing city‑centre revitalisation projects worldwide and serving as a gold standard for enhancing urban vitality, economic activity, and quality of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
mxri8cfievxzkuekcu4x4k67lpzyzsv
4637360
4637359
2026-05-24T05:54:48Z
~2026-28242-46
3582994
/* Policy issues */
4637360
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a pedestrian-only street network located in central Copenhagen, Denmark. First pedestrianised in 1962, it is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world. The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
The development and implementation of Strøget involved multiple stakeholders whose roles, concerns, and responses evolved over time. While strong leadership and expert input were critical, the project was equally shaped by the reactions of businesses, residents, and the wider community—particularly during its early, contested stages. The table below summarises the key actors and their respective perspectives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sempelmann |first=Peter |date=2026-03-05 |title=Cities for People: Human-scale Urbanism drives Retail Success |url=https://www.across-magazine.com/cities-for-people/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=ACROSS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|Demonstrated strong political leadership by proceeding with pedestrianisation despite opposition from retailers. Implemented a pilot‑first strategy (temporary closure during peak shopping period, followed by evaluation and permanent adoption), helping to reduce risk and public resistance. Led the redesign of street space toward people‑focused uses.
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|Conducted systematic observational studies of public life, documenting increases in pedestrian activity, dwell time, and social interaction after pedestrianisation. Provided robust empirical evidence linking people‑first design with improved urban vitality and retail outcomes.
|-
|Private Sector / Interest Groups
|Local retailers and business owners
|Initially resisted the project due to concerns that removing car access would reduce customers and harm sales. Contrary to expectations, evidence from the pilot and subsequent years showed stable or improved retail turnover as foot traffic increased.
|-
|Community
|Residents and street users
|Early concerns included inconvenience, delivery access, and disruption to established car‑based travel habits. Through the pilot process and visible improvements in safety, vibrancy, and usability, public support increased significantly, with greater participation in public life and street activities.
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Policy issues ==
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the early stages of the Strøget project were marked by significant policy controversy, particularly around balancing commercial interests with the redistribution of public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers initially feared that removing car access would deter customers and lead to declining sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> At the same time, planners faced the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained travel behaviours in a population accustomed to car use.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref>
In practice, however, these concerns proved largely unfounded. Subsequent economic evidence showed that a high‑quality pedestrian environment increased dwell time, social activity, and foot traffic, which in turn supported stronger retail performance. The project ultimately demonstrated that reallocating street space away from vehicles and toward people can deliver both economic and social gains, helping to reshape long‑standing assumptions about access, mobility, and urban vitality.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
=== Lessons learned from managing policy issues ===
The Strøget case highlights a set of interrelated policy lessons that extend beyond the initial pedestrianisation decision, illustrating how successful street transformation depends on evidence‑led implementation, system integration, and ongoing management over time.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
The transformation of Strøget has demonstrated internationally that reducing car access in city centres is not only feasible but also delivers significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long‑term observational research by urban planning scholar Jan Gehl shows that following pedestrianisation, the number of people spending time in public space, interacting, and participating in street life increased dramatically.<ref name=":0" /> Today, Strøget is considered a global benchmark for “pedestrian‑first” street design, influencing city‑centre revitalisation projects worldwide and serving as a gold standard for enhancing urban vitality, economic activity, and quality of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
2fd4weu9hnqnfhciyugomzcd2rn7mva
4637361
4637360
2026-05-24T06:00:53Z
~2026-28242-46
3582994
4637361
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref name=":5" /> It is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
The development and implementation of Strøget involved multiple stakeholders whose roles, concerns, and responses evolved over time. While strong leadership and expert input were critical, the project was equally shaped by the reactions of businesses, residents, and the wider community—particularly during its early, contested stages. The table below summarises the key actors and their respective perspectives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sempelmann |first=Peter |date=2026-03-05 |title=Cities for People: Human-scale Urbanism drives Retail Success |url=https://www.across-magazine.com/cities-for-people/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=ACROSS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|Demonstrated strong political leadership by proceeding with pedestrianisation despite opposition from retailers. Implemented a pilot‑first strategy (temporary closure during peak shopping period, followed by evaluation and permanent adoption), helping to reduce risk and public resistance. Led the redesign of street space toward people‑focused uses.
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|Conducted systematic observational studies of public life, documenting increases in pedestrian activity, dwell time, and social interaction after pedestrianisation. Provided robust empirical evidence linking people‑first design with improved urban vitality and retail outcomes.
|-
|Private Sector / Interest Groups
|Local retailers and business owners
|Initially resisted the project due to concerns that removing car access would reduce customers and harm sales. Contrary to expectations, evidence from the pilot and subsequent years showed stable or improved retail turnover as foot traffic increased.
|-
|Community
|Residents and street users
|Early concerns included inconvenience, delivery access, and disruption to established car‑based travel habits. Through the pilot process and visible improvements in safety, vibrancy, and usability, public support increased significantly, with greater participation in public life and street activities.
|}
== Timeline of events ==
RL; BC table update
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Policy issues ==
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the early stages of the Strøget project were marked by significant policy controversy, particularly around balancing commercial interests with the redistribution of public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers initially feared that removing car access would deter customers and lead to declining sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> At the same time, planners faced the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained travel behaviours in a population accustomed to car use.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref>
In practice, however, these concerns proved largely unfounded. Subsequent economic evidence showed that a high‑quality pedestrian environment increased dwell time, social activity, and foot traffic, which in turn supported stronger retail performance. The project ultimately demonstrated that reallocating street space away from vehicles and toward people can deliver both economic and social gains, helping to reshape long‑standing assumptions about access, mobility, and urban vitality.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
=== Lessons learned from managing policy issues ===
The Strøget case highlights a set of interrelated policy lessons that extend beyond the initial pedestrianisation decision, illustrating how successful street transformation depends on evidence‑led implementation, system integration, and ongoing management over time.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
The transformation of Strøget has demonstrated internationally that reducing car access in city centres is not only feasible but also delivers significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long‑term observational research by urban planning scholar Jan Gehl shows that following pedestrianisation, the number of people spending time in public space, interacting, and participating in street life increased dramatically.<ref name=":0" /> Today, Strøget is considered a global benchmark for “pedestrian‑first” street design, influencing city‑centre revitalisation projects worldwide and serving as a gold standard for enhancing urban vitality, economic activity, and quality of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
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4637362
4637361
2026-05-24T06:14:07Z
Arocketdog
3501123
/* Timeline of events */
4637362
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
Strøget(Danish pronunciation: [ˈstʁʌjˀð̩]) is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref name=":5" /> It is widely recognised as one of the earliest large-scale pedestrianisation projects in the world.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> The project transformed a car-dominated city centre into a people-focused public space and became an influential example of pedestrian-first urban planning globally.
== Annotated list of actors ==
The development and implementation of Strøget involved multiple stakeholders whose roles, concerns, and responses evolved over time. While strong leadership and expert input were critical, the project was equally shaped by the reactions of businesses, residents, and the wider community—particularly during its early, contested stages. The table below summarises the key actors and their respective perspectives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sempelmann |first=Peter |date=2026-03-05 |title=Cities for People: Human-scale Urbanism drives Retail Success |url=https://www.across-magazine.com/cities-for-people/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=ACROSS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Actor
!Roles and Concerns
|-
|Government
|City Council
|Demonstrated strong political leadership by proceeding with pedestrianisation despite opposition from retailers. Implemented a pilot‑first strategy (temporary closure during peak shopping period, followed by evaluation and permanent adoption), helping to reduce risk and public resistance. Led the redesign of street space toward people‑focused uses.
|-
|Academia
|Jan Gehl
|Conducted systematic observational studies of public life, documenting increases in pedestrian activity, dwell time, and social interaction after pedestrianisation. Provided robust empirical evidence linking people‑first design with improved urban vitality and retail outcomes.
|-
|Private Sector / Interest Groups
|Local retailers and business owners
|Initially resisted the project due to concerns that removing car access would reduce customers and harm sales. Contrary to expectations, evidence from the pilot and subsequent years showed stable or improved retail turnover as foot traffic increased.
|-
|Community
|Residents and street users
|Early concerns included inconvenience, delivery access, and disruption to established car‑based travel habits. Through the pilot process and visible improvements in safety, vibrancy, and usability, public support increased significantly, with greater participation in public life and street activities.
|}
== Timeline of events ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Time period
!Event
|-
|1950s–1960s
|Copenhagen’s city centre faced rising car traffic, congestion, and declining public life, prompting debate about traffic management. This period of urban challenge laid the groundwork for exploring pedestrianisation as a transportation solution.
|-
|November 1962
|Temporary pedestrian closure of Strøget began as a pilot project, initially limited to the Christmas shopping season. The pilot was a targeted test to assess feasibility without long-term disruption.
|-
|1962–1964
|Trial period results showed increased foot traffic, retail sales, and public support for the car-free zone. These positive outcomes provided the data needed to justify permanent pedestrianisation.
|-
|February 1964
|The city council voted to make Strøget’s pedestrianisation permanent, marking a formal policy shift toward people-first transportation planning in Copenhagen.
|-
|1960s–1970s
|Jan Gehl’s ongoing research on Strøget’s public life documented the benefits of pedestrianisation, informing Copenhagen’s expansion of car-free streets and bicycle infrastructure. This research expanded the project’s impact beyond Strøget to city-wide transportation policy.
|-
|Late 20th century
|Strøget’s success inspired pedestrianisation projects globally, becoming a benchmark for people-first urban planning and pedestrian-focused transportation design.
|-
|Present
|Strøget remains a core pedestrian corridor, evolving to include improved accessibility, seasonal events, and sustainable design updates. It continues to adapt to modern transportation and urban needs while preserving its original purpose.
|}
== Maps of location ==
<mapframe text="Strøget" latitude="55.67854" longitude="12.5772" zoom="15" width="459" height="362" align="center">{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoline",
"ids": "Q1347634",
"properties": {
"stroke": "#D08AAE",
"stroke-width": 2
}
}</mapframe>
== Policy issues ==
While its long‑term outcomes are generally viewed as positive, the early stages of the Strøget project were marked by significant policy controversy, particularly around balancing commercial interests with the redistribution of public space.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hass-Klau, C. |title=The Pedestrian and the City. Routledge. |year=2015}}</ref> Local retailers initially feared that removing car access would deter customers and lead to declining sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Project for Public Spaces (PPS). |date=2007 |title=Strøget District. |url=https://www.pps.org.//}}</ref> At the same time, planners faced the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained travel behaviours in a population accustomed to car use.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. |title=Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. |publisher=Island Press. |year=1999}}</ref>
In practice, however, these concerns proved largely unfounded. Subsequent economic evidence showed that a high‑quality pedestrian environment increased dwell time, social activity, and foot traffic, which in turn supported stronger retail performance. The project ultimately demonstrated that reallocating street space away from vehicles and toward people can deliver both economic and social gains, helping to reshape long‑standing assumptions about access, mobility, and urban vitality.
'''1. Economic Impact and Retail Viability'''
A central policy concern prior to pedestrianisation was the risk that removing vehicles would reduce retail trade and business viability. Local merchants strongly opposed the proposal, arguing that car access was essential for customer footfall and deliveries. Copenhagen responded by implementing pedestrianisation initially as a trial, allowing economic impacts to be observed rather than assumed. Subsequent monitoring showed that footfall increased and retail performance stabilised or improved, challenging conventional assumptions linking commercial success to vehicle access.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huescar |first=Jaime Ruiz |date=2025-08-12 |title=From Resistance to Resilience: Strøget and the Long-Term Payoff of Pedestrianisation |url=https://www.citiesforum.org/news/from-resistance-to-resilience-stroget-and-the-long-term-payoff-of-pedestrianisation/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=citiesforum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''2. Public and Political Acceptance'''
Pedestrianisation of Strøget faced strong resistance from residents, traders, engineers and politicians, with scepticism that a vibrant pedestrian culture could succeed in a Scandinavian climate and social context. The City of Copenhagen mitigated political risk by framing the intervention as temporary and reversible, which reduced opposition and allowed public opinion to evolve once benefits became visible.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
'''3. Reallocation of Street Space and Network Effects'''
The conversion of Strøget required a deliberate policy decision to prioritise pedestrians over vehicular movement in a key city‑centre corridor. This raised broader issues around network performance, congestion displacement, and accessibility. Copenhagen complemented pedestrianisation with wider investment in cycling infrastructure and public transport, ensuring that access to the city centre was preserved without reliance on private cars.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Pedestrian Only Streets: Case Study {{!}} Stroget, Copenhagen |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/pedestrian-priority-spaces/pedestrian-only-streets/pedestrian-streets-case-study-stroget-copenhagen/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=K-Shift Profile: Strøget |url=https://kshift.au/k-shift-profile-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Project K-Shift |language=en-AU}}</ref>
'''4. Freight, Servicing, and Emergency Access'''
A practical policy challenge was maintaining freight access, waste collection, and emergency services within a car‑free environment. Strøget addressed this through time‑restricted servicing windows and regulated vehicle access, requiring ongoing operational management rather than a one‑off design solution.<ref name=":3" />
'''5. Commercialisation, Tourism, and Place Quality'''
Over time, Strøget’s success generated secondary policy challenges, including high tourist volumes, rising rents, and retail homogenisation favouring global brands over local businesses. These pressures raised concerns about the long‑term balance between economic success, local character, and everyday use by residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=Nathaniel |date=2017-03-02 |title=Pedestrian streets: The scalability of Strøget |url=https://planetforward.org/story/pedestrian-streets-the-scalability-of-stroget/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Planet Forward |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''6. Alignment with Environmental and Public Health Objectives'''
Although environmental and health benefits were not the primary drivers of pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget later became closely aligned with Copenhagen’s broader climate, air‑quality, and public‑health objectives. Reduced vehicle traffic contributed to lower noise and emissions, while increased walking supported active‑transport outcomes and public life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gehl |first=Jan |title=Public Life Studies and Urban Policy |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |work=How To Study Public Life |pages=149–160 |editor-last=Gehl |editor-first=Jan |access-date=2026-05-11 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Island Press/Center for Resource Economics |language=en |doi=10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0_7 |isbn=978-1-61091-525-0 |last2=Svarre |first2=Birgitte |editor2-last=Svarre |editor2-first=Birgitte}}</ref>
=== Lessons learned from managing policy issues ===
The Strøget case highlights a set of interrelated policy lessons that extend beyond the initial pedestrianisation decision, illustrating how successful street transformation depends on evidence‑led implementation, system integration, and ongoing management over time.
'''Evidence‑led and Incremental Decision‑Making'''
''(Pilots, trials, and feedback loops)''
A recurring policy lesson from Strøget is that contested street reallocation is more politically and economically feasible when implemented incrementally and supported by empirical evidence. Temporary trials reduced perceived irreversibility, allowed real‑world impacts to be measured, and provided a basis for public and political learning before permanent decisions were made.
This theme underpins:
* Economic impact concerns (Section 1), and
* Public and political acceptance (Section 2).
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
'''Integration with the Wider Transport and Land‑Use System'''
''(Network effects, access, and mode substitution)''
Strøget demonstrates that pedestrianisation succeeds when embedded within a broader transport strategy that maintains city‑centre accessibility. Complementary investment in cycling and public transport absorbed displaced vehicle demand and prevented access loss, ensuring that benefits accrued at the network level rather than being offset by congestion elsewhere.
This theme underpins:
* Redistribution of street space (Section 3), and
* Long‑term environmental and health outcomes (Section 6).
'''Ongoing Governance and Operational Management'''
''(Not just a capital works project)''
Another consistent lesson is that pedestrian streets require continuous governance, not a one‑off design intervention. Freight access, emergency response, cleansing, and event management all required active regulation through time‑based access controls and operational oversight.
This theme underpins:
* Freight and servicing access (Section 4).
'''Managing Success and Secondary Effects'''
''(Over‑use, commercialisation, and place identity)''
Strøget illustrates that successful pedestrianisation can generate second‑order policy challenges, including tourism pressure, rising rents, and retail homogenisation. These outcomes necessitate complementary land‑use, tenancy, and place‑management policies to preserve local character and everyday functionality.
This theme underpins:
* Tourism and commercialisation pressures (Section 5).
== Narrative of the case ==
Strøget is a 1.1 kilometre pedestrian‑only street network in central Copenhagen (Denmark), which was fully pedestrianised in 1962.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> It is widely regarded as one of the world’s earliest and most influential pedestrianisation projects, serving as a landmark example of large‑scale, people‑first urban design.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Strøget District {{!}} |url=https://www.pps.org/places/strooget-district |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.pps.org}}</ref>
Located in the historic city centre, Strøget forms a continuous, car‑free corridor running from City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen) to Kongens Nytorv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Street Design Guide |url=https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Global Designing Cities Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than a single street, it comprises a linked sequence of streets and public squares that together function as a coherent and highly legible pedestrian network.
Since its pedestrianisation in the early 1960s, Strøget has prioritised walking, social activity and public life over vehicle movement. Wide, level paving and active retail and café frontages support high pedestrian volumes and encourage people to linger, gather, and interact. The street accommodates everyday movement as well as street performance, events, and outdoor dining, reinforcing its role as both a transport corridor and a civic space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gehl |first=J |title=Cities for people |publisher=Island Press |year=2010}}</ref>
The transformation of Strøget has demonstrated internationally that reducing car access in city centres is not only feasible but also delivers significant social and economic benefits.<ref name=":2" /> Long‑term observational research by urban planning scholar Jan Gehl shows that following pedestrianisation, the number of people spending time in public space, interacting, and participating in street life increased dramatically.<ref name=":0" /> Today, Strøget is considered a global benchmark for “pedestrian‑first” street design, influencing city‑centre revitalisation projects worldwide and serving as a gold standard for enhancing urban vitality, economic activity, and quality of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Global Designing Cities Initiative. |title=Global Street Design Guide. |publisher=Island Press. |year=2016}}</ref>
== References ==
{{BookCat}}
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Hi! You may know me, but this is not my main account. It is actually in Wikipedia, not Wikibooks.
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Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]]
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{{talk archive}}
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Transportation Planning Casebook/London's Bicycle Superhighways
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== Summary ==
[[File:Cable Street cycle superhighway.jpg|thumb|Barclays Cycle Superhighway 3, Cable Street, London]]
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were a cycling infrastructure programme introduced by Transport for London (TfL) and the Mayor of London. The programme created direct, clearly identifiable cycle routes between outer London and central London, with an initial focus on commuter journeys. The routes were branded as “Cycle Superhighways” and used consistent markings and signage to make cycling routes more recognisable within London’s road system. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Transport for London {{!}} Every Journey Matters |title=Cycleways |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/cycling/routes-and-maps/cycleways |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Gilligan, Andrew Paul, (born 22 Nov. 1968), London Editor, Telegraph Media Group, since 2009; Cycling Commissioner for London, Greater London Authority, since 2013 |date=2014-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u264084 |work=Who's Who |access-date=2026-05-22 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
The programme was implemented in stages. Early routes used blue road markings and other on-road treatments, but the design approach was criticised for providing limited physical separation from motor traffic. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee in 2013 recorded concerns about narrow sections, unclear junctions and cyclists being placed close to fast-moving vehicles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CYS0087 - Evidence on Cycling safety |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/47159/html/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=committees.parliament.uk}}</ref> A significant policy change followed the publication of the Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London in 2013. The document proposed an expanded cycling network, including a largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The policy linked cycling with congestion, health, emissions, road safety and the design of public streets. <ref name=":1" />
[[File:Cycle superhighway 6 at Blackfriars.jpg|thumb|Cycle Superhighway 6 at Blackfriars]]
TfL later adopted the broader term “Cycleways” for high-quality cycle routes. Former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being incorporated into this network. The current Cycleways programme is intended to connect communities, businesses and destinations across London, with TfL aiming for the cycle network to be within reach of 40% of Londoners by 2030. The development of the programme can be described in three broad phases: early radial commuter routes, later segregated central London routes, and subsequent integration into the Cycleways network. Its implementation involved policy debates about safety, road-space allocation, traffic impacts, borough coordination and accessibility. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=_14053 |url=https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ig2n1sb |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=_14053}}</ref>
== Annotated List of Actors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Actor'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Interests, Concerns, and Issues'''
|-
|'''Transport for London (TfL)'''
|Transport authority
| valign="top" |TfL’s interest was to deliver a recognizable cycling network that supported the Mayor’s transport objectives while keeping London’s road network operating. Its concerns included route design, safety outcomes, construction impacts, traffic capacity, bus operations, consultation responses and scheme costs. TfL also had to manage the transition from the original Cycle Superhighways brand into the broader Cycleways network.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''Mayor of London'''
|Political authority
| valign="top" |The Mayor’s office was interested in using cycling policy to support wider city objectives, including reduced congestion, improved public health, lower emissions, safer streets and better use of limited road space. Its concerns included political support, public acceptance and whether the programme could show that cycling was a serious part of London’s transport system rather than a minor road-marking scheme.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|'''Boris Johnson'''
|Mayor of London, 2008–2016
| valign="top" |Boris Johnson’s role was central because the Superhighways were launched and expanded during his mayoralty. His interest was to present cycling as a visible and ambitious transport policy for London. The main issue for his administration was moving from the early blue-painted routes to a more credible segregated network, including the east-west route described as 'Crossrail for the bike'.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Final plans for Mayor's "Crossrail for Bikes" approved |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2015/february/final-plans-for-mayor-s-crossrail-for-bikes-approved |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''London borough councils'''
|Local government / highway authorities
| valign="top" |Borough councils were interested in how the routes affected local streets, residents, businesses, parking, loading, bus stops and local access. Their concerns were practical as well as political: some schemes required local consultation, changes to kerbs and junctions, and potential reductions in road space for other users. Their cooperation was important because delivery could be slowed or changed by local objections.<ref name=":3" />
|-
|'''Cyclists and cycling advocacy groups'''
|Users / pressure groups
| valign="top" |Cyclists and advocacy groups were interested in routes that were continuous, direct and safe enough for a wider range of users, not only confident commuters. Their concerns focused on the early reliance on painted lanes, unsafe junctions, lack of physical protection and conflicts with buses or heavy vehicles. Their criticism helped push the programme toward better segregation and stronger design standards.<ref name=":2" />
|}
== Timeline of Events ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year / Date'''
|'''Event'''
|Notes
|-
|'''July 2010'''
|First two pilot routes, CS3 and CS7, opened.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Haojie |last2=Ding |first2=Hongliang |last3=Ren |first3=Gang |last4=Xu |first4=Chengcheng |date=2018-05-01 |title=Effects of the London Cycle Superhighways on the usage of the London Cycle Hire |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856417312569 |journal=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |volume=111 |pages=304–315 |doi=10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.020 |issn=0965-8564}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Barclays Cycle Superhighways: Evaluation of Pilot Routes 3 and 7 |url=https://www.mobilservice.ch/admin/data/files/news_section_file/file/3063/transport-of-london-barclays-cylce-superhighways-.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Start of London’s Cycle Superhighways programme.
|-
|'''July 2011'''
|CS2 and CS8 opened.<ref name=":3" />
|Expansion of the pilot network to four main routes.
|-
|'''2010–2012'''
|Early routes used blue-painted lanes and limited segregation.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Evolution of cycle superhighways in London |url=https://vb.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/cycle-highways-innovation-for-smarter-people-transport-and-spatial-planning/news/evolution-of-cycle-superhighways-in-london/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Early design approach associated with criticism of “paint only” routes.
|-
|'''March 2013'''
|Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London was published.<ref name=":1" />
|Policy shift toward a larger and safer cycling network.
|-
|'''2013'''
|The Vision proposed a segregated east-west route called “Crossrail for the bike.”<ref name=":1" />
|Cycling infrastructure framed as major transport infrastructure.
|-
|'''2013–2014'''
|TfL developed the cycling investment programme after the Mayor’s Vision.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Cycling Vision Portfolio |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/fpc-160302-09-cycling-vision.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Policy vision developed into an investment and delivery programme.
|-
|'''January 2015'''
|Final plans for the east-west “Crossrail for the Bike” were announced.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Mayor announces final build plans for “Crossrail for the Bike” {{!}} London City Hall |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases/mayoral/crossrail-for-the-bike |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.london.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|Continuous kerb-segregated cycling provision confirmed for the route.
|-
|'''February 2015'''
|TfL approved major east-west and north-south Cycle Superhighway schemes.<ref name=":4" />
|Approval of the more ambitious segregated phase.
|-
|'''April 2016'''
|First phase of CS6 opened across Blackfriars Bridge.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=20 September 2018 |title=GLA - Major new Cycle Superhighway extension opens |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2018/september/gla---major-new-cycle-superhighway-extension-opens}}</ref>
|Creation of a key north-south central London cycling route.
|-
|'''2016'''
|Central east-west route opened through central London.<ref name=":5" />
|Delivery of part of the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal.
|-
|'''September 2018'''
|CS6 was extended from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross.<ref name=":5" />
|Extension of the protected north-south corridor.
|-
|'''2018 onwards'''
|TfL moved away from separate “Superhighway” and “Quietway” branding.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Superhighway and Quietway branding began to be absorbed into Cycleways.
|-
|'''2023'''
|Former CS3 was rebranded as Cycleway 3 / C3.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Cycle Superhighway route incorporated into Cycleways branding.
|-
|'''June 2024'''
|TfL launched ten new Cycleways across London.<ref name=":0" />
|Continuation of the programme under the Cycleways model.
|}
== Maps of Locations ==
[[File:London Overground map sb.svg|thumb|530x530px|East-West Cycle Superhighway / “Crossrail for the bike”]]
The map shows the east west route associated with the 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling and the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal. The route represented a move from mainly painted routes toward a more continuous and protected cycle corridor through central London.
== Policy Issues ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways raised policy issues relating to safety, road space, street design, local governance and the operation of a congested urban transport network. The programme affected cyclists, pedestrians, buses, taxis, freight, private cars, local businesses and residents because it changed how limited street space was allocated.<ref name=":3" />
Road-space reallocation was one of the main policy issues. Later segregated Superhighways required physical space rather than only road markings. In practice, this could involve changes to traffic lanes, parking, loading areas, bus movements or junction layouts. TfL’s 2015 board paper considered the schemes alongside traffic management, bus priority and the wider performance of London’s road network.<ref name=":3" /> Safety was also central to the programme. Early routes were criticised for relying on blue-painted lanes rather than protected cycle tracks. This created a contrast between the “Superhighway” branding and the on-street conditions experienced by some users. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee referred to the limited provision of segregated cycling infrastructure in London compared with Dutch practice.<ref name=":2" />
Perceived safety formed part of the same debate. TfL’s evidence on segregated cycling infrastructure identifies safety and the feeling of safety as factors affecting whether Londoners cycle, or cycle more often. Routes that remain close to buses, trucks and fast traffic may be less attractive to less confident users, even where a marked cycle route is present.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Segregated Cycling Infrastructure Evidence Pack |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/segregated-cycling-infrastructure-evidence-pack.pdf}}</ref> The programme also raised questions about the distinction between route branding and transport infrastructure. Early Superhighways used blue surfacing and signage to create a visible cycling identity, while later proposals placed greater emphasis on physical separation, continuity and network quality. The 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling described the proposed east-west route as a “Crossrail for the bike”, placing cycling infrastructure within a wider transport-planning framework.<ref name=":1" />
Congestion and traffic management were recurring policy concerns. London’s roads carry buses, cars, taxis, delivery vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists within limited space. Segregated cycle lanes can affect traffic capacity, turning movements, bus stops and journey times. TfL therefore assessed the schemes in relation to both cycling objectives and the operation of the wider road network.<ref name=":1" /> Governance was another issue because London’s streets are managed by different authorities. TfL controls major roads, while borough councils control many local streets and have roles in planning, consultation and local traffic management. Delivery of the Superhighways therefore depended on mayoral policy, TfL design work and cooperation with boroughs, residents, businesses and other stakeholders.<ref name=":3" />
Equity and access were also part of the policy discussion. The original Superhighways were mostly radial routes aimed at commuting into central London. These corridors served an important travel market, but they did not provide a complete network for all trip types, including local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys in outer London. The later Cycleways approach broadened the network concept beyond the original commuter-corridor model. Pedestrian and accessibility issues were also relevant. Protected cycle lanes can reduce conflict with motor traffic, but they must also be designed for pedestrians, bus passengers and people using mobility aids. Features such as bus stop bypasses, floating bus stops and altered crossings can raise accessibility concerns for blind or partially sighted people if not designed carefully.<ref name=":11" />
Policy continuity and branding changed over time. The programme began with Cycle Superhighways, later operated alongside Quietways, and was then incorporated into the wider Cycleways network. The change in terminology reflected TfL’s move toward a broader network identity for high-quality cycling routes. The principal policy debates around the Superhighways concerned the role of cycling within a dense and congested city. Issues included safety, road space allocation, traffic impacts, local opposition, accessibility, equity and long-term network planning. The programme formed part of a broader shift in London’s approach to cycling infrastructure.<ref name=":0" />
== Detailed Narrative of the Case ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were introduced to give cycling a clearer role within the city’s transport system. Before the programme, cycling in London generally operated within streets designed mainly for cars, buses, taxis and freight. The Superhighways introduced direct and recognisable routes for people cycling into and across London, particularly commuters travelling between outer London and central London.<ref name=":1" />
The first stage began in July 2010, when two pilot routes opened: Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) from Barking to Tower Gateway, and Cycle Superhighway 7 (CS7) from Merton to the City. They were launched around the same period as London’s cycle hire scheme. The routes used strong branding, including bright blue road surfacing, to identify the cycle corridor and make it more visible to other road users. The early routes were mainly commuter corridors connecting outer London with central employment areas. They were not designed primarily as local neighbourhood routes. The programme linked cycling with wider transport-capacity objectives, including reducing pressure on roads and public transport while supporting health and environmental policy goals. In 2011, two more routes, CS2 and CS8, were added, bringing the early network to four main corridors. TfL’s later material recorded that the first two routes opened in July 2010 and the second pair opened in July 2011. The same material reported increases in cycling trips after the routes opened and also acknowledged criticism from campaigners about limited physical separation between cyclists and motor traffic.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
Criticism of the early routes became a major feature of the programme. The Superhighways were visually clear, but many sections relied on blue paint, signs, on-road lanes or shared bus-and-cycle lanes rather than protected tracks. A European review of cycle highways described the early London approach as a relatively low-cost method for improving the readability of existing infrastructure, while noting criticism that it was essentially “paint only”. The term “Cycle Superhighway” suggested a high-quality, continuous and safe route. On some sections, however, riders remained close to fast traffic, buses and heavy vehicles. Junctions were a particular source of conflict where cyclists encountered turning traffic. The early phase therefore became associated with debate over the difference between visible route marking and physical protection. A major policy response came in 2013 with the publication of The Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London. The document proposed a larger and more ambitious network, including a fast and largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The proposed route was intended to run for at least 15 miles through the heart of London, connecting the western suburbs with Canary Wharf and Barking.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8" />
The “Crossrail for the bike” phrase compared cycling infrastructure with major rail investment and presented cycling as a strategic transport corridor rather than a minor addition to the road network. This marked a shift away from the early blue-painted model toward physical separation, continuity and network quality. After the 2013 vision, TfL developed a wider cycling investment programme. The Superhighways operated alongside other cycling initiatives, including Quietways and Mini-Hollands in selected boroughs. TfL’s cycling portfolio documents identified the Mayor’s Vision as a key background document and linked the programme to delivery and monitoring objectives. The next major stage came in 2015, when TfL considered and approved major new Cycle Superhighway schemes, including the east-west and north-south routes through central London. The February 2015 TfL board paper stated that four Superhighway routes had already been completed and acknowledged criticism that they lacked physical separation from traffic. The later schemes therefore expanded the network while responding to earlier design criticisms.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />
The 2015 proposals required reallocation of road space in central London. Segregated cycle tracks need physical width, and in dense urban streets that width can affect general traffic lanes, parking, loading areas or other road functions. The proposals attracted support from cycling and active-travel advocates as well as opposition from some road users and businesses. The east-west route became the most prominent example of the newer aproach. It translated the 2013 vision into a route through central London, connecting areas such as Tower Gateway, Westminster, Hyde Park and locations further west. The route was planned as a direct, legible and connected cycling corridor across the central city. The north-south route, including Cycle Superhighway 6 (CS6), also became a major example of the later Superhighway model. The first phase across Blackfriars opened in 2016, and the extension from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross opened in 2018. TfL described the extension as including segregated cycle track, new pedestrian crossings and junction improvements.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10" />
The Superhighways remained controversial because they altered established patterns of road use. Supporters presented protected cycling routes as measures for improving safety, public health, emissions and alternatives to car travel and crowded public transport. Critics and opponents raised concerns about traffic delays, effects on buses and taxis, delivery access, local business disruption, construction impacts and changes to street layouts. The governance of the programme involved several levels of authority. TfL had a central role, but it did not control every street in London. Borough councils control many local roads and operate within their own political and consultation processes. Delivery therefore required coordination between the Mayor, TfL, borough councils, residents, businesses and other stakeholders. Equity was another issue. The original Superhighways were strongly focused on commuting into central London. While this served a significant travel market, it did not create a complete cycling network for local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys across outer London. This limitation contributed to the later shift toward the broader Cycleways network. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
The identity of the programme changed over time. TfL now uses the broader term Cycleways for high-quality cycling routes and states that former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being rebranded under that name. The original Superhighways were therefore incorporated into a wider network concept rather than remaining as a separate brand. The development of the London Bicycle Superhighways can be divided into three stages: the early use of branding and blue surfacing, the later introduction of more protected and continuous central London routes, and the incorporation of these routes into the wider Cycleways programme. The programme was shaped by debates over safety, street-space allocation and the relationship between cycling and other transport modes. The programme formed part of a broader change in London’s transport planning, in which cycling was increasingly treated as part of the city’s transport network rather than as a marginal or optional mode. The Superhighways were contested and varied in design quality, but they contributed to the development of more connected and protected cycling infrastructure in London.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
== Notes and references ==
{{BookCat}}
r05t4uth3zamisevjijr74lxuf957jk
4637237
4637236
2026-05-23T13:59:59Z
Xania
40302
4637237
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
[[File:Cable Street cycle superhighway.jpg|thumb|Barclays Cycle Superhighway 3, Cable Street, London]]
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were a cycling infrastructure programme introduced by Transport for London (TfL) and the Mayor of London. The programme created direct, clearly identifiable cycle routes between outer London and central London, with an initial focus on commuter journeys. The routes were branded as “Cycle Superhighways” and used consistent markings and signage to make cycling routes more recognisable within London’s road system. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Transport for London {{!}} Every Journey Matters |title=Cycleways |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/cycling/routes-and-maps/cycleways |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Gilligan, Andrew Paul, (born 22 Nov. 1968), London Editor, Telegraph Media Group, since 2009; Cycling Commissioner for London, Greater London Authority, since 2013 |date=2014-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u264084 |work=Who's Who |access-date=2026-05-22 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
The programme was implemented in stages. Early routes used blue road markings and other on-road treatments, but the design approach was criticised for providing limited physical separation from motor traffic. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee in 2013 recorded concerns about narrow sections, unclear junctions and cyclists being placed close to fast-moving vehicles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CYS0087 - Evidence on Cycling safety |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/47159/html/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=committees.parliament.uk}}</ref> A significant policy change followed the publication of the Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London in 2013. The document proposed an expanded cycling network, including a largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The policy linked cycling with congestion, health, emissions, road safety and the design of public streets. <ref name=":1" />
[[File:Cycle superhighway 6 at Blackfriars.jpg|thumb|Cycle Superhighway 6 at Blackfriars]]
TfL later adopted the broader term “Cycleways” for high-quality cycle routes. Former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being incorporated into this network. The current Cycleways programme is intended to connect communities, businesses and destinations across London, with TfL aiming for the cycle network to be within reach of 40% of Londoners by 2030. The development of the programme can be described in three broad phases: early radial commuter routes, later segregated central London routes, and subsequent integration into the Cycleways network. Its implementation involved policy debates about safety, road-space allocation, traffic impacts, borough coordination and accessibility. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=_14053 |url=https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ig2n1sb |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=_14053}}</ref>
== Annotated List of Actors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Actor'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Interests, Concerns, and Issues'''
|-
|'''Transport for London (TfL)'''
|Transport authority
| valign="top" |TfL’s interest was to deliver a recognizable cycling network that supported the Mayor’s transport objectives while keeping London’s road network operating. Its concerns included route design, safety outcomes, construction impacts, traffic capacity, bus operations, consultation responses and scheme costs. TfL also had to manage the transition from the original Cycle Superhighways brand into the broader Cycleways network.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''Mayor of London'''
|Political authority
| valign="top" |The Mayor’s office was interested in using cycling policy to support wider city objectives, including reduced congestion, improved public health, lower emissions, safer streets and better use of limited road space. Its concerns included political support, public acceptance and whether the programme could show that cycling was a serious part of London’s transport system rather than a minor road-marking scheme.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|'''Boris Johnson'''
|Mayor of London, 2008–2016
| valign="top" |Boris Johnson’s role was central because the Superhighways were launched and expanded during his mayoralty. His interest was to present cycling as a visible and ambitious transport policy for London. The main issue for his administration was moving from the early blue-painted routes to a more credible segregated network, including the east-west route described as 'Crossrail for the bike'.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Final plans for Mayor's "Crossrail for Bikes" approved |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2015/february/final-plans-for-mayor-s-crossrail-for-bikes-approved |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''London borough councils'''
|Local government / highway authorities
| valign="top" |Borough councils were interested in how the routes affected local streets, residents, businesses, parking, loading, bus stops and local access. Their concerns were practical as well as political: some schemes required local consultation, changes to kerbs and junctions, and potential reductions in road space for other users. Their cooperation was important because delivery could be slowed or changed by local objections.<ref name=":3" />
|-
|'''Cyclists and cycling advocacy groups'''
|Users / pressure groups
| valign="top" |Cyclists and advocacy groups were interested in routes that were continuous, direct and safe enough for a wider range of users, not only confident commuters. Their concerns focused on the early reliance on painted lanes, unsafe junctions, lack of physical protection and conflicts with buses or heavy vehicles. Their criticism helped push the programme toward better segregation and stronger design standards.<ref name=":2" />
|}
== Timeline of Events ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year / Date'''
|'''Event'''
|Notes
|-
|'''July 2010'''
|First two pilot routes, CS3 and CS7, opened.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Haojie |last2=Ding |first2=Hongliang |last3=Ren |first3=Gang |last4=Xu |first4=Chengcheng |date=2018-05-01 |title=Effects of the London Cycle Superhighways on the usage of the London Cycle Hire |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856417312569 |journal=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |volume=111 |pages=304–315 |doi=10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.020 |issn=0965-8564}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Barclays Cycle Superhighways: Evaluation of Pilot Routes 3 and 7 |url=https://www.mobilservice.ch/admin/data/files/news_section_file/file/3063/transport-of-london-barclays-cylce-superhighways-.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Start of London’s Cycle Superhighways programme.
|-
|'''July 2011'''
|CS2 and CS8 opened.<ref name=":3" />
|Expansion of the pilot network to four main routes.
|-
|'''2010–2012'''
|Early routes used blue-painted lanes and limited segregation.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Evolution of cycle superhighways in London |url=https://vb.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/cycle-highways-innovation-for-smarter-people-transport-and-spatial-planning/news/evolution-of-cycle-superhighways-in-london/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Early design approach associated with criticism of “paint only” routes.
|-
|'''March 2013'''
|Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London was published.<ref name=":1" />
|Policy shift toward a larger and safer cycling network.
|-
|'''2013'''
|The Vision proposed a segregated east-west route called “Crossrail for the bike.”<ref name=":1" />
|Cycling infrastructure framed as major transport infrastructure.
|-
|'''2013–2014'''
|TfL developed the cycling investment programme after the Mayor’s Vision.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Cycling Vision Portfolio |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/fpc-160302-09-cycling-vision.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Policy vision developed into an investment and delivery programme.
|-
|'''January 2015'''
|Final plans for the east-west “Crossrail for the Bike” were announced.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Mayor announces final build plans for “Crossrail for the Bike” {{!}} London City Hall |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases/mayoral/crossrail-for-the-bike |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.london.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|Continuous kerb-segregated cycling provision confirmed for the route.
|-
|'''February 2015'''
|TfL approved major east-west and north-south Cycle Superhighway schemes.<ref name=":4" />
|Approval of the more ambitious segregated phase.
|-
|'''April 2016'''
|First phase of CS6 opened across Blackfriars Bridge.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=20 September 2018 |title=GLA - Major new Cycle Superhighway extension opens |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2018/september/gla---major-new-cycle-superhighway-extension-opens}}</ref>
|Creation of a key north-south central London cycling route.
|-
|'''2016'''
|Central east-west route opened through central London.<ref name=":5" />
|Delivery of part of the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal.
|-
|'''September 2018'''
|CS6 was extended from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross.<ref name=":5" />
|Extension of the protected north-south corridor.
|-
|'''2018 onwards'''
|TfL moved away from separate “Superhighway” and “Quietway” branding.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Superhighway and Quietway branding began to be absorbed into Cycleways.
|-
|'''2023'''
|Former CS3 was rebranded as Cycleway 3 / C3.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Cycle Superhighway route incorporated into Cycleways branding.
|-
|'''June 2024'''
|TfL launched ten new Cycleways across London.<ref name=":0" />
|Continuation of the programme under the Cycleways model.
|}
== Maps of Locations ==
[[File:London Overground map sb.svg|thumb|530x530px|East-West Cycle Superhighway / “Crossrail for the bike”]]
The map shows the east west route associated with the 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling and the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal. The route represented a move from mainly painted routes toward a more continuous and protected cycle corridor through central London.
== Policy Issues ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways raised policy issues relating to safety, road space, street design, local governance and the operation of a congested urban transport network. The programme affected cyclists, pedestrians, buses, taxis, freight, private cars, local businesses and residents because it changed how limited street space was allocated.<ref name=":3" />
Road-space reallocation was one of the main policy issues. Later segregated Superhighways required physical space rather than only road markings. In practice, this could involve changes to traffic lanes, parking, loading areas, bus movements or junction layouts. TfL’s 2015 board paper considered the schemes alongside traffic management, bus priority and the wider performance of London’s road network.<ref name=":3" /> Safety was also central to the programme. Early routes were criticised for relying on blue-painted lanes rather than protected cycle tracks. This created a contrast between the “Superhighway” branding and the on-street conditions experienced by some users. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee referred to the limited provision of segregated cycling infrastructure in London compared with Dutch practice.<ref name=":2" />
Perceived safety formed part of the same debate. TfL’s evidence on segregated cycling infrastructure identifies safety and the feeling of safety as factors affecting whether Londoners cycle, or cycle more often. Routes that remain close to buses, trucks and fast traffic may be less attractive to less confident users, even where a marked cycle route is present.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Segregated Cycling Infrastructure Evidence Pack |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/segregated-cycling-infrastructure-evidence-pack.pdf}}</ref> The programme also raised questions about the distinction between route branding and transport infrastructure. Early Superhighways used blue surfacing and signage to create a visible cycling identity, while later proposals placed greater emphasis on physical separation, continuity and network quality. The 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling described the proposed east-west route as a “Crossrail for the bike”, placing cycling infrastructure within a wider transport-planning framework.<ref name=":1" />
Congestion and traffic management were recurring policy concerns. London’s roads carry buses, cars, taxis, delivery vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists within limited space. Segregated cycle lanes can affect traffic capacity, turning movements, bus stops and journey times. TfL therefore assessed the schemes in relation to both cycling objectives and the operation of the wider road network.<ref name=":1" /> Governance was another issue because London’s streets are managed by different authorities. TfL controls major roads, while borough councils control many local streets and have roles in planning, consultation and local traffic management. Delivery of the Superhighways therefore depended on mayoral policy, TfL design work and cooperation with boroughs, residents, businesses and other stakeholders.<ref name=":3" />
Equity and access were also part of the policy discussion. The original Superhighways were mostly radial routes aimed at commuting into central London. These corridors served an important travel market, but they did not provide a complete network for all trip types, including local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys in outer London. The later Cycleways approach broadened the network concept beyond the original commuter-corridor model. Pedestrian and accessibility issues were also relevant. Protected cycle lanes can reduce conflict with motor traffic, but they must also be designed for pedestrians, bus passengers and people using mobility aids. Features such as bus stop bypasses, floating bus stops and altered crossings can raise accessibility concerns for blind or partially sighted people if not designed carefully.<ref name=":11" />
Policy continuity and branding changed over time. The programme began with Cycle Superhighways, later operated alongside Quietways, and was then incorporated into the wider Cycleways network. The change in terminology reflected TfL’s move toward a broader network identity for high-quality cycling routes. The principal policy debates around the Superhighways concerned the role of cycling within a dense and congested city. Issues included safety, road space allocation, traffic impacts, local opposition, accessibility, equity and long-term network planning. The programme formed part of a broader shift in London’s approach to cycling infrastructure.<ref name=":0" />
== Detailed Narrative of the Case ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were introduced to give cycling a clearer role within the city’s transport system. Before the programme, cycling in London generally operated within streets designed mainly for cars, buses, taxis and freight. The Superhighways introduced direct and recognisable routes for people cycling into and across London, particularly commuters travelling between outer London and central London.<ref name=":1" />
The first stage began in July 2010, when two pilot routes opened: Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) from Barking to Tower Gateway, and Cycle Superhighway 7 (CS7) from Merton to the City. They were launched around the same period as London’s cycle hire scheme. The routes used strong branding, including bright blue road surfacing, to identify the cycle corridor and make it more visible to other road users. The early routes were mainly commuter corridors connecting outer London with central employment areas. They were not designed primarily as local neighbourhood routes. The programme linked cycling with wider transport-capacity objectives, including reducing pressure on roads and public transport while supporting health and environmental policy goals. In 2011, two more routes, CS2 and CS8, were added, bringing the early network to four main corridors. TfL’s later material recorded that the first two routes opened in July 2010 and the second pair opened in July 2011. The same material reported increases in cycling trips after the routes opened and also acknowledged criticism from campaigners about limited physical separation between cyclists and motor traffic.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
Criticism of the early routes became a major feature of the programme. The Superhighways were visually clear, but many sections relied on blue paint, signs, on-road lanes or shared bus-and-cycle lanes rather than protected tracks. A European review of cycle highways described the early London approach as a relatively low-cost method for improving the readability of existing infrastructure, while noting criticism that it was essentially “paint only”. The term “Cycle Superhighway” suggested a high-quality, continuous and safe route. On some sections, however, riders remained close to fast traffic, buses and heavy vehicles. Junctions were a particular source of conflict where cyclists encountered turning traffic. The early phase therefore became associated with debate over the difference between visible route marking and physical protection. A major policy response came in 2013 with the publication of The Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London. The document proposed a larger and more ambitious network, including a fast and largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The proposed route was intended to run for at least 15 miles through the heart of London, connecting the western suburbs with Canary Wharf and Barking.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8" />
The “Crossrail for the bike” phrase compared cycling infrastructure with major rail investment and presented cycling as a strategic transport corridor rather than a minor addition to the road network. This marked a shift away from the early blue-painted model toward physical separation, continuity and network quality. After the 2013 vision, TfL developed a wider cycling investment programme. The Superhighways operated alongside other cycling initiatives, including Quietways and Mini-Hollands in selected boroughs. TfL’s cycling portfolio documents identified the Mayor’s Vision as a key background document and linked the programme to delivery and monitoring objectives. The next major stage came in 2015, when TfL considered and approved major new Cycle Superhighway schemes, including the east-west and north-south routes through central London. The February 2015 TfL board paper stated that four Superhighway routes had already been completed and acknowledged criticism that they lacked physical separation from traffic. The later schemes therefore expanded the network while responding to earlier design criticisms.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />
The 2015 proposals required reallocation of road space in central London. Segregated cycle tracks need physical width, and in dense urban streets that width can affect general traffic lanes, parking, loading areas or other road functions. The proposals attracted support from cycling and active-travel advocates as well as opposition from some road users and businesses. The east-west route became the most prominent example of the newer aproach. It translated the 2013 vision into a route through central London, connecting areas such as Tower Gateway, Westminster, Hyde Park and locations further west. The route was planned as a direct, legible and connected cycling corridor across the central city. The north-south route, including Cycle Superhighway 6 (CS6), also became a major example of the later Superhighway model. The first phase across Blackfriars opened in 2016, and the extension from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross opened in 2018. TfL described the extension as including segregated cycle track, new pedestrian crossings and junction improvements.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10" />
The Superhighways remained controversial because they altered established patterns of road use. Supporters presented protected cycling routes as measures for improving safety, public health, emissions and alternatives to car travel and crowded public transport. Critics and opponents raised concerns about traffic delays, effects on buses and taxis, delivery access, local business disruption, construction impacts and changes to street layouts. The governance of the programme involved several levels of authority. TfL had a central role, but it did not control every street in London. Borough councils control many local roads and operate within their own political and consultation processes. Delivery therefore required coordination between the Mayor, TfL, borough councils, residents, businesses and other stakeholders. Equity was another issue. The original Superhighways were strongly focused on commuting into central London. While this served a significant travel market, it did not create a complete cycling network for local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys across outer London. This limitation contributed to the later shift toward the broader Cycleways network. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
The identity of the programme changed over time. TfL now uses the broader term Cycleways for high-quality cycling routes and states that former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being rebranded under that name. The original Superhighways were therefore incorporated into a wider network concept rather than remaining as a separate brand. The development of the London Bicycle Superhighways can be divided into three stages: the early use of branding and blue surfacing, the later introduction of more protected and continuous central London routes, and the incorporation of these routes into the wider Cycleways programme. The programme was shaped by debates over safety, street-space allocation and the relationship between cycling and other transport modes. The programme formed part of a broader change in London’s transport planning, in which cycling was increasingly treated as part of the city’s transport network rather than as a marginal or optional mode. The Superhighways were contested and varied in design quality, but they contributed to the development of more connected and protected cycling infrastructure in London.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
== Notes and references ==
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2026-05-23T14:11:01Z
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Summary ==
[[File:Cable Street cycle superhighway.jpg|thumb|Barclays Cycle Superhighway 3, Cable Street, London]]
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were a cycling infrastructure programme introduced by Transport for London (TfL) and the Mayor of London. The programme created direct, clearly identifiable cycle routes between outer London and central London, with an initial focus on commuter journeys. The routes were branded as “Cycle Superhighways” and used consistent markings and signage to make cycling routes more recognisable within London’s road system. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Transport for London {{!}} Every Journey Matters |title=Cycleways |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/cycling/routes-and-maps/cycleways |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Gilligan, Andrew Paul, (born 22 Nov. 1968), London Editor, Telegraph Media Group, since 2009; Cycling Commissioner for London, Greater London Authority, since 2013 |date=2014-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u264084 |work=Who's Who |access-date=2026-05-22 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
The programme was implemented in stages. Early routes used blue road markings and other on-road treatments, but the design approach was criticised for providing limited physical separation from motor traffic. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee in 2013 recorded concerns about narrow sections, unclear junctions and cyclists being placed close to fast-moving vehicles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CYS0087 - Evidence on Cycling safety |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/47159/html/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=committees.parliament.uk}}</ref> A significant policy change followed the publication of the Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London in 2013. The document proposed an expanded cycling network, including a largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The policy linked cycling with congestion, health, emissions, road safety and the design of public streets. <ref name=":1" />
[[File:Cycle superhighway 6 at Blackfriars.jpg|thumb|Cycle Superhighway 6 at Blackfriars]]
TfL later adopted the broader term “Cycleways” for high-quality cycle routes. Former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being incorporated into this network. The current Cycleways programme is intended to connect communities, businesses and destinations across London, with TfL aiming for the cycle network to be within reach of 40% of Londoners by 2030. The development of the programme can be described in three broad phases: early radial commuter routes, later segregated central London routes, and subsequent integration into the Cycleways network. Its implementation involved policy debates about safety, road-space allocation, traffic impacts, borough coordination and accessibility. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=_14053 |url=https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ig2n1sb |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=_14053}}</ref>
== Annotated List of Actors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Actor'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Interests, Concerns, and Issues'''
|-
|'''Transport for London (TfL)'''
|Transport authority
| valign="top" |TfL’s interest was to deliver a recognizable cycling network that supported the Mayor’s transport objectives while keeping London’s road network operating. Its concerns included route design, safety outcomes, construction impacts, traffic capacity, bus operations, consultation responses and scheme costs. TfL also had to manage the transition from the original Cycle Superhighways brand into the broader Cycleways network.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''Mayor of London'''
|Political authority
| valign="top" |The Mayor’s office was interested in using cycling policy to support wider city objectives, including reduced congestion, improved public health, lower emissions, safer streets and better use of limited road space. Its concerns included political support, public acceptance and whether the programme could show that cycling was a serious part of London’s transport system rather than a minor road-marking scheme.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|'''Boris Johnson'''
|Mayor of London, 2008–2016
| valign="top" |Boris Johnson’s role was central because the Superhighways were launched and expanded during his mayoralty. His interest was to present cycling as a visible and ambitious transport policy for London. The main issue for his administration was moving from the early blue-painted routes to a more credible segregated network, including the east-west route described as 'Crossrail for the bike'.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Final plans for Mayor's "Crossrail for Bikes" approved |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2015/february/final-plans-for-mayor-s-crossrail-for-bikes-approved |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''London borough councils'''
|Local government / highway authorities
| valign="top" |Borough councils were interested in how the routes affected local streets, residents, businesses, parking, loading, bus stops and local access. Their concerns were practical as well as political: some schemes required local consultation, changes to kerbs and junctions, and potential reductions in road space for other users. Their cooperation was important because delivery could be slowed or changed by local objections.<ref name=":3" />
|-
|'''Cyclists and cycling advocacy groups'''
|Users / pressure groups
| valign="top" |Cyclists and advocacy groups were interested in routes that were continuous, direct and safe enough for a wider range of users, not only confident commuters. Their concerns focused on the early reliance on painted lanes, unsafe junctions, lack of physical protection and conflicts with buses or heavy vehicles. Their criticism helped push the programme toward better segregation and stronger design standards.<ref name=":2" />
|}
== Timeline of Events ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year / Date'''
|'''Event'''
|Notes
|-
|'''July 2010'''
|First two pilot routes, CS3 and CS7, opened.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Haojie |last2=Ding |first2=Hongliang |last3=Ren |first3=Gang |last4=Xu |first4=Chengcheng |date=2018-05-01 |title=Effects of the London Cycle Superhighways on the usage of the London Cycle Hire |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856417312569 |journal=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |volume=111 |pages=304–315 |doi=10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.020 |issn=0965-8564}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Barclays Cycle Superhighways: Evaluation of Pilot Routes 3 and 7 |url=https://www.mobilservice.ch/admin/data/files/news_section_file/file/3063/transport-of-london-barclays-cylce-superhighways-.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Start of London’s Cycle Superhighways programme.
|-
|'''July 2011'''
|CS2 and CS8 opened.<ref name=":3" />
|Expansion of the pilot network to four main routes.
|-
|'''2010–2012'''
|Early routes used blue-painted lanes and limited segregation.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Evolution of cycle superhighways in London |url=https://vb.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/cycle-highways-innovation-for-smarter-people-transport-and-spatial-planning/news/evolution-of-cycle-superhighways-in-london/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Early design approach associated with criticism of “paint only” routes.
|-
|'''March 2013'''
|Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London was published.<ref name=":1" />
|Policy shift toward a larger and safer cycling network.
|-
|'''2013'''
|The Vision proposed a segregated east-west route called “Crossrail for the bike.”<ref name=":1" />
|Cycling infrastructure framed as major transport infrastructure.
|-
|'''2013–2014'''
|TfL developed the cycling investment programme after the Mayor’s Vision.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Cycling Vision Portfolio |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/fpc-160302-09-cycling-vision.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Policy vision developed into an investment and delivery programme.
|-
|'''January 2015'''
|Final plans for the east-west “Crossrail for the Bike” were announced.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Mayor announces final build plans for “Crossrail for the Bike” {{!}} London City Hall |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases/mayoral/crossrail-for-the-bike |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.london.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|Continuous kerb-segregated cycling provision confirmed for the route.
|-
|'''February 2015'''
|TfL approved major east-west and north-south Cycle Superhighway schemes.<ref name=":4" />
|Approval of the more ambitious segregated phase.
|-
|'''April 2016'''
|First phase of CS6 opened across Blackfriars Bridge.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=20 September 2018 |title=GLA - Major new Cycle Superhighway extension opens |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2018/september/gla---major-new-cycle-superhighway-extension-opens}}</ref>
|Creation of a key north-south central London cycling route.
|-
|'''2016'''
|Central east-west route opened through central London.<ref name=":5" />
|Delivery of part of the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal.
|-
|'''September 2018'''
|CS6 was extended from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross.<ref name=":5" />
|Extension of the protected north-south corridor.
|-
|'''2018 onwards'''
|TfL moved away from separate “Superhighway” and “Quietway” branding.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Superhighway and Quietway branding began to be absorbed into Cycleways.
|-
|'''2023'''
|Former CS3 was rebranded as Cycleway 3 / C3.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Cycle Superhighway route incorporated into Cycleways branding.
|-
|'''June 2024'''
|TfL launched ten new Cycleways across London.<ref name=":0" />
|Continuation of the programme under the Cycleways model.
|}
== Maps of Locations ==
[[File:London Overground map sb.svg|thumb|303x303px|East-West Cycle Superhighway / “Crossrail for the bike”]]
The map shows the east west route associated with the 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling and the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal. The route represented a move from mainly painted routes toward a more continuous and protected cycle corridor through central London.
== Policy Issues ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways raised policy issues relating to safety, road space, street design, local governance and the operation of a congested urban transport network. The programme affected cyclists, pedestrians, buses, taxis, freight, private cars, local businesses and residents because it changed how limited street space was allocated.<ref name=":3" />
Road-space reallocation was one of the main policy issues. Later segregated Superhighways required physical space rather than only road markings. In practice, this could involve changes to traffic lanes, parking, loading areas, bus movements or junction layouts. TfL’s 2015 board paper considered the schemes alongside traffic management, bus priority and the wider performance of London’s road network.<ref name=":3" /> Safety was also central to the programme. Early routes were criticised for relying on blue-painted lanes rather than protected cycle tracks. This created a contrast between the “Superhighway” branding and the on-street conditions experienced by some users. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee referred to the limited provision of segregated cycling infrastructure in London compared with Dutch practice.<ref name=":2" />
Perceived safety formed part of the same debate. TfL’s evidence on segregated cycling infrastructure identifies safety and the feeling of safety as factors affecting whether Londoners cycle, or cycle more often. Routes that remain close to buses, trucks and fast traffic may be less attractive to less confident users, even where a marked cycle route is present.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Segregated Cycling Infrastructure Evidence Pack |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/segregated-cycling-infrastructure-evidence-pack.pdf}}</ref> The programme also raised questions about the distinction between route branding and transport infrastructure. Early Superhighways used blue surfacing and signage to create a visible cycling identity, while later proposals placed greater emphasis on physical separation, continuity and network quality. The 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling described the proposed east-west route as a “Crossrail for the bike”, placing cycling infrastructure within a wider transport-planning framework.<ref name=":1" />
Congestion and traffic management were recurring policy concerns. London’s roads carry buses, cars, taxis, delivery vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists within limited space. Segregated cycle lanes can affect traffic capacity, turning movements, bus stops and journey times. TfL therefore assessed the schemes in relation to both cycling objectives and the operation of the wider road network.<ref name=":1" /> Governance was another issue because London’s streets are managed by different authorities. TfL controls major roads, while borough councils control many local streets and have roles in planning, consultation and local traffic management. Delivery of the Superhighways therefore depended on mayoral policy, TfL design work and cooperation with boroughs, residents, businesses and other stakeholders.<ref name=":3" />
Equity and access were also part of the policy discussion. The original Superhighways were mostly radial routes aimed at commuting into central London. These corridors served an important travel market, but they did not provide a complete network for all trip types, including local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys in outer London. The later Cycleways approach broadened the network concept beyond the original commuter-corridor model. Pedestrian and accessibility issues were also relevant. Protected cycle lanes can reduce conflict with motor traffic, but they must also be designed for pedestrians, bus passengers and people using mobility aids. Features such as bus stop bypasses, floating bus stops and altered crossings can raise accessibility concerns for blind or partially sighted people if not designed carefully.<ref name=":11" />
Policy continuity and branding changed over time. The programme began with Cycle Superhighways, later operated alongside Quietways, and was then incorporated into the wider Cycleways network. The change in terminology reflected TfL’s move toward a broader network identity for high-quality cycling routes. The principal policy debates around the Superhighways concerned the role of cycling within a dense and congested city. Issues included safety, road space allocation, traffic impacts, local opposition, accessibility, equity and long-term network planning. The programme formed part of a broader shift in London’s approach to cycling infrastructure.<ref name=":0" />
== Detailed Narrative of the Case ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were introduced to give cycling a clearer role within the city’s transport system. Before the programme, cycling in London generally operated within streets designed mainly for cars, buses, taxis and freight. The Superhighways introduced direct and recognisable routes for people cycling into and across London, particularly commuters travelling between outer London and central London.<ref name=":1" />
The first stage began in July 2010, when two pilot routes opened: Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) from Barking to Tower Gateway, and Cycle Superhighway 7 (CS7) from Merton to the City. They were launched around the same period as London’s cycle hire scheme. The routes used strong branding, including bright blue road surfacing, to identify the cycle corridor and make it more visible to other road users. The early routes were mainly commuter corridors connecting outer London with central employment areas. They were not designed primarily as local neighbourhood routes. The programme linked cycling with wider transport-capacity objectives, including reducing pressure on roads and public transport while supporting health and environmental policy goals. In 2011, two more routes, CS2 and CS8, were added, bringing the early network to four main corridors. TfL’s later material recorded that the first two routes opened in July 2010 and the second pair opened in July 2011. The same material reported increases in cycling trips after the routes opened and also acknowledged criticism from campaigners about limited physical separation between cyclists and motor traffic.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
Criticism of the early routes became a major feature of the programme. The Superhighways were visually clear, but many sections relied on blue paint, signs, on-road lanes or shared bus-and-cycle lanes rather than protected tracks. A European review of cycle highways described the early London approach as a relatively low-cost method for improving the readability of existing infrastructure, while noting criticism that it was essentially “paint only”. The term “Cycle Superhighway” suggested a high-quality, continuous and safe route. On some sections, however, riders remained close to fast traffic, buses and heavy vehicles. Junctions were a particular source of conflict where cyclists encountered turning traffic. The early phase therefore became associated with debate over the difference between visible route marking and physical protection. A major policy response came in 2013 with the publication of The Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London. The document proposed a larger and more ambitious network, including a fast and largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The proposed route was intended to run for at least 15 miles through the heart of London, connecting the western suburbs with Canary Wharf and Barking.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8" />
The “Crossrail for the bike” phrase compared cycling infrastructure with major rail investment and presented cycling as a strategic transport corridor rather than a minor addition to the road network. This marked a shift away from the early blue-painted model toward physical separation, continuity and network quality. After the 2013 vision, TfL developed a wider cycling investment programme. The Superhighways operated alongside other cycling initiatives, including Quietways and Mini-Hollands in selected boroughs. TfL’s cycling portfolio documents identified the Mayor’s Vision as a key background document and linked the programme to delivery and monitoring objectives. The next major stage came in 2015, when TfL considered and approved major new Cycle Superhighway schemes, including the east-west and north-south routes through central London. The February 2015 TfL board paper stated that four Superhighway routes had already been completed and acknowledged criticism that they lacked physical separation from traffic. The later schemes therefore expanded the network while responding to earlier design criticisms.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />
The 2015 proposals required reallocation of road space in central London. Segregated cycle tracks need physical width, and in dense urban streets that width can affect general traffic lanes, parking, loading areas or other road functions. The proposals attracted support from cycling and active-travel advocates as well as opposition from some road users and businesses. The east-west route became the most prominent example of the newer aproach. It translated the 2013 vision into a route through central London, connecting areas such as Tower Gateway, Westminster, Hyde Park and locations further west. The route was planned as a direct, legible and connected cycling corridor across the central city. The north-south route, including Cycle Superhighway 6 (CS6), also became a major example of the later Superhighway model. The first phase across Blackfriars opened in 2016, and the extension from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross opened in 2018. TfL described the extension as including segregated cycle track, new pedestrian crossings and junction improvements.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10" />
The Superhighways remained controversial because they altered established patterns of road use. Supporters presented protected cycling routes as measures for improving safety, public health, emissions and alternatives to car travel and crowded public transport. Critics and opponents raised concerns about traffic delays, effects on buses and taxis, delivery access, local business disruption, construction impacts and changes to street layouts. The governance of the programme involved several levels of authority. TfL had a central role, but it did not control every street in London. Borough councils control many local roads and operate within their own political and consultation processes. Delivery therefore required coordination between the Mayor, TfL, borough councils, residents, businesses and other stakeholders. Equity was another issue. The original Superhighways were strongly focused on commuting into central London. While this served a significant travel market, it did not create a complete cycling network for local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys across outer London. This limitation contributed to the later shift toward the broader Cycleways network. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
The identity of the programme changed over time. TfL now uses the broader term Cycleways for high-quality cycling routes and states that former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being rebranded under that name. The original Superhighways were therefore incorporated into a wider network concept rather than remaining as a separate brand. The development of the London Bicycle Superhighways can be divided into three stages: the early use of branding and blue surfacing, the later introduction of more protected and continuous central London routes, and the incorporation of these routes into the wider Cycleways programme. The programme was shaped by debates over safety, street-space allocation and the relationship between cycling and other transport modes. The programme formed part of a broader change in London’s transport planning, in which cycling was increasingly treated as part of the city’s transport network rather than as a marginal or optional mode. The Superhighways were contested and varied in design quality, but they contributed to the development of more connected and protected cycling infrastructure in London.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
== Notes and references ==
{{BookCat}}
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== Summary ==
[[File:Cable Street cycle superhighway.jpg|thumb|Barclays Cycle Superhighway 3, Cable Street, London]]
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were a cycling infrastructure programme introduced by Transport for London (TfL) and the Mayor of London. The programme created direct, clearly identifiable cycle routes between outer London and central London, with an initial focus on commuter journeys. The routes were branded as “Cycle Superhighways” and used consistent markings and signage to make cycling routes more recognisable within London’s road system. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Transport for London {{!}} Every Journey Matters |title=Cycleways |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/cycling/routes-and-maps/cycleways |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Gilligan, Andrew Paul, (born 22 Nov. 1968), London Editor, Telegraph Media Group, since 2009; Cycling Commissioner for London, Greater London Authority, since 2013 |date=2014-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u264084 |work=Who's Who |access-date=2026-05-22 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
The programme was implemented in stages. Early routes used blue road markings and other on-road treatments, but the design approach was criticised for providing limited physical separation from motor traffic. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee in 2013 recorded concerns about narrow sections, unclear junctions and cyclists being placed close to fast-moving vehicles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CYS0087 - Evidence on Cycling safety |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/47159/html/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=committees.parliament.uk}}</ref> A significant policy change followed the publication of the Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London in 2013. The document proposed an expanded cycling network, including a largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The policy linked cycling with congestion, health, emissions, road safety and the design of public streets. <ref name=":1" />
[[File:Cycle superhighway 6 at Blackfriars.jpg|thumb|Cycle Superhighway 6 at Blackfriars]]
TfL later adopted the broader term “Cycleways” for high-quality cycle routes. Former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being incorporated into this network. The current Cycleways programme is intended to connect communities, businesses and destinations across London, with TfL aiming for the cycle network to be within reach of 40% of Londoners by 2030. The development of the programme can be described in three broad phases: early radial commuter routes, later segregated central London routes, and subsequent integration into the Cycleways network. Its implementation involved policy debates about safety, road-space allocation, traffic impacts, borough coordination and accessibility. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=_14053 |url=https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-ig2n1sb |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=_14053}}</ref>
== Annotated List of Actors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Actor'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Interests, Concerns, and Issues'''
|-
|'''Transport for London (TfL)'''
|Transport authority
| valign="top" |TfL’s interest was to deliver a recognizable cycling network that supported the Mayor’s transport objectives while keeping London’s road network operating. Its concerns included route design, safety outcomes, construction impacts, traffic capacity, bus operations, consultation responses and scheme costs. TfL also had to manage the transition from the original Cycle Superhighways brand into the broader Cycleways network.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''Mayor of London'''
|Political authority
| valign="top" |The Mayor’s office was interested in using cycling policy to support wider city objectives, including reduced congestion, improved public health, lower emissions, safer streets and better use of limited road space. Its concerns included political support, public acceptance and whether the programme could show that cycling was a serious part of London’s transport system rather than a minor road-marking scheme.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|'''Boris Johnson'''
|Mayor of London, 2008–2016
| valign="top" |Boris Johnson’s role was central because the Superhighways were launched and expanded during his mayoralty. His interest was to present cycling as a visible and ambitious transport policy for London. The main issue for his administration was moving from the early blue-painted routes to a more credible segregated network, including the east-west route described as 'Crossrail for the bike'.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Final plans for Mayor's "Crossrail for Bikes" approved |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2015/february/final-plans-for-mayor-s-crossrail-for-bikes-approved |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''London borough councils'''
|Local government / highway authorities
| valign="top" |Borough councils were interested in how the routes affected local streets, residents, businesses, parking, loading, bus stops and local access. Their concerns were practical as well as political: some schemes required local consultation, changes to kerbs and junctions, and potential reductions in road space for other users. Their cooperation was important because delivery could be slowed or changed by local objections.<ref name=":3" />
|-
|'''Cyclists and cycling advocacy groups'''
|Users / pressure groups
| valign="top" |Cyclists and advocacy groups were interested in routes that were continuous, direct and safe enough for a wider range of users, not only confident commuters. Their concerns focused on the early reliance on painted lanes, unsafe junctions, lack of physical protection and conflicts with buses or heavy vehicles. Their criticism helped push the programme toward better segregation and stronger design standards.<ref name=":2" />
|}
== Timeline of Events ==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year / Date'''
|'''Event'''
|Notes
|-
|'''July 2010'''
|First two pilot routes, CS3 and CS7, opened.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Haojie |last2=Ding |first2=Hongliang |last3=Ren |first3=Gang |last4=Xu |first4=Chengcheng |date=2018-05-01 |title=Effects of the London Cycle Superhighways on the usage of the London Cycle Hire |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856417312569 |journal=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |volume=111 |pages=304–315 |doi=10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.020 |issn=0965-8564}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Barclays Cycle Superhighways: Evaluation of Pilot Routes 3 and 7 |url=https://www.mobilservice.ch/admin/data/files/news_section_file/file/3063/transport-of-london-barclays-cylce-superhighways-.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Start of London’s Cycle Superhighways programme.
|-
|'''July 2011'''
|CS2 and CS8 opened.<ref name=":3" />
|Expansion of the pilot network to four main routes.
|-
|'''2010–2012'''
|Early routes used blue-painted lanes and limited segregation.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Evolution of cycle superhighways in London |url=https://vb.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/cycle-highways-innovation-for-smarter-people-transport-and-spatial-planning/news/evolution-of-cycle-superhighways-in-london/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Early design approach associated with criticism of “paint only” routes.
|-
|'''March 2013'''
|Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London was published.<ref name=":1" />
|Policy shift toward a larger and safer cycling network.
|-
|'''2013'''
|The Vision proposed a segregated east-west route called “Crossrail for the bike.”<ref name=":1" />
|Cycling infrastructure framed as major transport infrastructure.
|-
|'''2013–2014'''
|TfL developed the cycling investment programme after the Mayor’s Vision.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Cycling Vision Portfolio |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/fpc-160302-09-cycling-vision.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Policy vision developed into an investment and delivery programme.
|-
|'''January 2015'''
|Final plans for the east-west “Crossrail for the Bike” were announced.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Mayor announces final build plans for “Crossrail for the Bike” {{!}} London City Hall |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases/mayoral/crossrail-for-the-bike |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.london.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|Continuous kerb-segregated cycling provision confirmed for the route.
|-
|'''February 2015'''
|TfL approved major east-west and north-south Cycle Superhighway schemes.<ref name=":4" />
|Approval of the more ambitious segregated phase.
|-
|'''April 2016'''
|First phase of CS6 opened across Blackfriars Bridge.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=20 September 2018 |title=GLA - Major new Cycle Superhighway extension opens |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2018/september/gla---major-new-cycle-superhighway-extension-opens}}</ref>
|Creation of a key north-south central London cycling route.
|-
|'''2016'''
|Central east-west route opened through central London.<ref name=":5" />
|Delivery of part of the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal.
|-
|'''September 2018'''
|CS6 was extended from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross.<ref name=":5" />
|Extension of the protected north-south corridor.
|-
|'''2018 onwards'''
|TfL moved away from separate “Superhighway” and “Quietway” branding.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Superhighway and Quietway branding began to be absorbed into Cycleways.
|-
|'''2023'''
|Former CS3 was rebranded as Cycleway 3 / C3.<ref name=":0" />
|Former Cycle Superhighway route incorporated into Cycleways branding.
|-
|'''June 2024'''
|TfL launched ten new Cycleways across London.<ref name=":0" />
|Continuation of the programme under the Cycleways model.
|}
== Maps of Locations ==
[[File:London Overground map sb.svg|thumb|303x303px|East-West Cycle Superhighway / “Crossrail for the bike”]]
The map shows the east west route associated with the 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling and the “Crossrail for the bike” proposal. The route represented a move from mainly painted routes toward a more continuous and protected cycle corridor through central London.
== Policy Issues ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways raised policy issues relating to safety, road space, street design, local governance and the operation of a congested urban transport network. The programme affected cyclists, pedestrians, buses, taxis, freight, private cars, local businesses and residents because it changed how limited street space was allocated.<ref name=":3" />
Road-space reallocation was one of the main policy issues. Later segregated Superhighways required physical space rather than only road markings. In practice, this could involve changes to traffic lanes, parking, loading areas, bus movements or junction layouts. TfL’s 2015 board paper considered the schemes alongside traffic management, bus priority and the wider performance of London’s road network.<ref name=":3" /> Safety was also central to the programme. Early routes were criticised for relying on blue-painted lanes rather than protected cycle tracks. This created a contrast between the “Superhighway” branding and the on-street conditions experienced by some users. Evidence submitted to the UK Parliament’s Transport Committee referred to the limited provision of segregated cycling infrastructure in London compared with Dutch practice.<ref name=":2" />
Perceived safety formed part of the same debate. TfL’s evidence on segregated cycling infrastructure identifies safety and the feeling of safety as factors affecting whether Londoners cycle, or cycle more often. Routes that remain close to buses, trucks and fast traffic may be less attractive to less confident users, even where a marked cycle route is present.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Segregated Cycling Infrastructure Evidence Pack |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/segregated-cycling-infrastructure-evidence-pack.pdf}}</ref> The programme also raised questions about the distinction between route branding and transport infrastructure. Early Superhighways used blue surfacing and signage to create a visible cycling identity, while later proposals placed greater emphasis on physical separation, continuity and network quality. The 2013 Mayor’s Vision for Cycling described the proposed east-west route as a “Crossrail for the bike”, placing cycling infrastructure within a wider transport-planning framework.<ref name=":1" />
Congestion and traffic management were recurring policy concerns. London’s roads carry buses, cars, taxis, delivery vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists within limited space. Segregated cycle lanes can affect traffic capacity, turning movements, bus stops and journey times. TfL therefore assessed the schemes in relation to both cycling objectives and the operation of the wider road network.<ref name=":1" /> Governance was another issue because London’s streets are managed by different authorities. TfL controls major roads, while borough councils control many local streets and have roles in planning, consultation and local traffic management. Delivery of the Superhighways therefore depended on mayoral policy, TfL design work and cooperation with boroughs, residents, businesses and other stakeholders.<ref name=":3" />
Equity and access were also part of the policy discussion. The original Superhighways were mostly radial routes aimed at commuting into central London. These corridors served an important travel market, but they did not provide a complete network for all trip types, including local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys in outer London. The later Cycleways approach broadened the network concept beyond the original commuter-corridor model. Pedestrian and accessibility issues were also relevant. Protected cycle lanes can reduce conflict with motor traffic, but they must also be designed for pedestrians, bus passengers and people using mobility aids. Features such as bus stop bypasses, floating bus stops and altered crossings can raise accessibility concerns for blind or partially sighted people if not designed carefully.<ref name=":11" />
Policy continuity and branding changed over time. The programme began with Cycle Superhighways, later operated alongside Quietways, and was then incorporated into the wider Cycleways network. The change in terminology reflected TfL’s move toward a broader network identity for high-quality cycling routes. The principal policy debates around the Superhighways concerned the role of cycling within a dense and congested city. Issues included safety, road space allocation, traffic impacts, local opposition, accessibility, equity and long-term network planning. The programme formed part of a broader shift in London’s approach to cycling infrastructure.<ref name=":0" />
== Detailed Narrative of the Case ==
London’s Bicycle Superhighways were introduced to give cycling a clearer role within the city’s transport system. Before the programme, cycling in London generally operated within streets designed mainly for cars, buses, taxis and freight. The Superhighways introduced direct and recognisable routes for people cycling into and across London, particularly commuters travelling between outer London and central London.<ref name=":1" />
The first stage began in July 2010, when two pilot routes opened: Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) from Barking to Tower Gateway, and Cycle Superhighway 7 (CS7) from Merton to the City. They were launched around the same period as London’s cycle hire scheme. The routes used strong branding, including bright blue road surfacing, to identify the cycle corridor and make it more visible to other road users. The early routes were mainly commuter corridors connecting outer London with central employment areas. They were not designed primarily as local neighbourhood routes. The programme linked cycling with wider transport-capacity objectives, including reducing pressure on roads and public transport while supporting health and environmental policy goals. In 2011, two more routes, CS2 and CS8, were added, bringing the early network to four main corridors. TfL’s later material recorded that the first two routes opened in July 2010 and the second pair opened in July 2011. The same material reported increases in cycling trips after the routes opened and also acknowledged criticism from campaigners about limited physical separation between cyclists and motor traffic.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
Criticism of the early routes became a major feature of the programme. The Superhighways were visually clear, but many sections relied on blue paint, signs, on-road lanes or shared bus-and-cycle lanes rather than protected tracks. A European review of cycle highways described the early London approach as a relatively low-cost method for improving the readability of existing infrastructure, while noting criticism that it was essentially “paint only”. The term “Cycle Superhighway” suggested a high-quality, continuous and safe route. On some sections, however, riders remained close to fast traffic, buses and heavy vehicles. Junctions were a particular source of conflict where cyclists encountered turning traffic. The early phase therefore became associated with debate over the difference between visible route marking and physical protection. A major policy response came in 2013 with the publication of The Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London. The document proposed a larger and more ambitious network, including a fast and largely segregated east-west route through central London described as a “Crossrail for the bike”. The proposed route was intended to run for at least 15 miles through the heart of London, connecting the western suburbs with Canary Wharf and Barking.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8" />
The “Crossrail for the bike” phrase compared cycling infrastructure with major rail investment and presented cycling as a strategic transport corridor rather than a minor addition to the road network. This marked a shift away from the early blue-painted model toward physical separation, continuity and network quality. After the 2013 vision, TfL developed a wider cycling investment programme. The Superhighways operated alongside other cycling initiatives, including Quietways and Mini-Hollands in selected boroughs. TfL’s cycling portfolio documents identified the Mayor’s Vision as a key background document and linked the programme to delivery and monitoring objectives. The next major stage came in 2015, when TfL considered and approved major new Cycle Superhighway schemes, including the east-west and north-south routes through central London. The February 2015 TfL board paper stated that four Superhighway routes had already been completed and acknowledged criticism that they lacked physical separation from traffic. The later schemes therefore expanded the network while responding to earlier design criticisms.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />
The 2015 proposals required reallocation of road space in central London. Segregated cycle tracks need physical width, and in dense urban streets that width can affect general traffic lanes, parking, loading areas or other road functions. The proposals attracted support from cycling and active-travel advocates as well as opposition from some road users and businesses. The east-west route became the most prominent example of the newer aproach. It translated the 2013 vision into a route through central London, connecting areas such as Tower Gateway, Westminster, Hyde Park and locations further west. The route was planned as a direct, legible and connected cycling corridor across the central city. The north-south route, including Cycle Superhighway 6 (CS6), also became a major example of the later Superhighway model. The first phase across Blackfriars opened in 2016, and the extension from Elephant & Castle to King’s Cross opened in 2018. TfL described the extension as including segregated cycle track, new pedestrian crossings and junction improvements.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10" />
The Superhighways remained controversial because they altered established patterns of road use. Supporters presented protected cycling routes as measures for improving safety, public health, emissions and alternatives to car travel and crowded public transport. Critics and opponents raised concerns about traffic delays, effects on buses and taxis, delivery access, local business disruption, construction impacts and changes to street layouts. The governance of the programme involved several levels of authority. TfL had a central role, but it did not control every street in London. Borough councils control many local roads and operate within their own political and consultation processes. Delivery therefore required coordination between the Mayor, TfL, borough councils, residents, businesses and other stakeholders. Equity was another issue. The original Superhighways were strongly focused on commuting into central London. While this served a significant travel market, it did not create a complete cycling network for local trips, school trips, shopping trips or orbital journeys across outer London. This limitation contributed to the later shift toward the broader Cycleways network. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
The identity of the programme changed over time. TfL now uses the broader term Cycleways for high-quality cycling routes and states that former Cycle Superhighways and Quietways are being rebranded under that name. The original Superhighways were therefore incorporated into a wider network concept rather than remaining as a separate brand. The development of the London Bicycle Superhighways can be divided into three stages: the early use of branding and blue surfacing, the later introduction of more protected and continuous central London routes, and the incorporation of these routes into the wider Cycleways programme. The programme was shaped by debates over safety, street-space allocation and the relationship between cycling and other transport modes. The programme formed part of a broader change in London’s transport planning, in which cycling was increasingly treated as part of the city’s transport network rather than as a marginal or optional mode. The Superhighways were contested and varied in design quality, but they contributed to the development of more connected and protected cycling infrastructure in London.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
== Discussion Questions ==
* Did London’s early Cycle Superhighways fail because of poor design, or were they a necessary first step toward better cycling infrastructure?
* Should cycle routes in busy cities be physically separated from traffic wherever possible, or are painted lanes acceptable in some locations?
* Was the phrase “Crossrail for the bike” useful because it made cycling sound like major transport infrastructure, or was it politically exaggerated?
* How should cities balance road space between cyclists, buses, taxis, freight, private cars and pedestrians?
== Further Reading ==
* '''The Mayor’s Vision for Cycling in London''' — Greater London Authority, 2013 Useful for the policy vision, “Crossrail for the bike”, and the shift toward segregated routes.
* '''Proposed Cycle Superhighway Schemes''' — TfL Board Paper, 2015 Useful for TfL’s formal approval process, route planning, road-space issues and delivery details.
* '''Barclays Cycle Superhighways: Evaluation of Pilot Routes 3 and 7''' — TfL, 2012 Useful for early-route evaluation, user perception, implementation costs and impacts on other modes.
* '''Effects of the London Cycle Superhighways on the usage of the London Cycle Hire''' — Li, Graham and Liu, 2018 Useful for academic evaluation of how Cycle Superhighways affected cycle-hire usage.
== Notes and references ==
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2
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<div style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">'''Wikijunior Animal Alphabet 2'''</div>
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<div style="font-size: large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">-- [[/A/]] [[/B/]] [[/C/]] [[/D/]] [[/E/]] [[/F/]] [[/G/]] [[/H/]] [[/I/]] [[/J/]] [[/K/]] [[/L/]] [[/M/]] [[/N/]] [[/O/]] [[/P/]] [[/Q/]] [[/R/]] [[/S/]] [[/T/]] [[/U/]] [[/V/]] [[/W/]] [[/X/]] [[/Y/]] [[/Z/]] --
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[[File:Animal_diversity.jpg|center|500px]]<br />
<div style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">'''Wikijunior Animal Alphabet 2'''</div>
<noinclude>
<div style="font-size: large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">-- [[/A/]] [[/B/]] [[/C/]] [[/D/]] [[/E/]] [[/F/]] [[/G/]] [[/H/]] [[/I/]] [[/J/]] [[/K/]] [[/L/]] [[/M/]] [[/N/]] [[/O/]] [[/P/]] [[/Q/]] [[/R/]] [[/S/]] [[/T/]] [[/U/]] [[/V/]] [[/W/]] [[/X/]] [[/Y/]] [[/Z/]] --
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''A''' is for '''A'''nt</div>
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''A''' is for '''A'''nt</div>
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''A''' is for '''A'''nt</div>
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''B''' is for '''B'''eaver</div>
[[File:American Beaver.jpg|500px|center]]
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''B''' is for '''B'''eaver</div>
[[File:American Beaver.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
sdfr3bajoyv3aixqi81o3qwom0clu93
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/C
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''C''' is for '''C'''ow</div>
[[File:Cow female black white.jpg|500px|center]]
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''C''' is for '''C'''ow</div>
[[File:Cow female black white.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
6hzyop39zu7mbaounk62szqzbu8n1x1
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/D
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''D''' is for '''D'''inosaur</div>
[[File:Achelousaurus dinosaur.png|500px|center]]
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''D''' is for '''D'''inosaur</div>
[[File:Achelousaurus dinosaur.png|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
r579x9vuces4112s8svtq4x3u6ilspc
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2026-05-23T14:16:51Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''D''' is for '''D'''inosaur</div>
[[File:Achelousaurus dinosaur.png|500px|center]]
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r579x9vuces4112s8svtq4x3u6ilspc
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/E
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''E''' is for '''E'''lk</div>
[[File:Cervus canadensis nannodes at Tomales Point.jpg|500px|center]]
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2gjht9bpwwp88kfs0l4t72j8dmp3jkx
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''E''' is for '''E'''lk</div>
[[File:Cervus canadensis nannodes at Tomales Point.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
k0168l2jsu3k8zwt0zs2tlzigkmjgx9
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''E''' is for '''E'''lk</div>
[[File:Cervus canadensis nannodes at Tomales Point.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
k0168l2jsu3k8zwt0zs2tlzigkmjgx9
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''E''' is for '''E'''lk</div>
[[File:Elk and Magpie.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
ttazg2ftyucd892utmlt15nmtf3963v
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/F
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4637184
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''F''' is for '''F'''ox</div>
[[File:Vulpes vulpes laying in snow.jpg|500px|center]]
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q45m1eqrwo81jk9bmw4v31weoc6kx4g
4637210
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''F''' is for '''F'''ox</div>
[[File:Vulpes vulpes laying in snow.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
a0c954n6690u7u4v3cgsdf8ca4fx9tp
4637247
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2026-05-23T14:16:23Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''F''' is for '''F'''ox</div>
[[File:Vulpes vulpes laying in snow.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
a0c954n6690u7u4v3cgsdf8ca4fx9tp
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/G
110
483483
4637185
4637056
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''G''' is for '''G'''orilla</div>
[[File:G. g. gorilla, Krefeld (DE) -- 2023 -- 0460.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
8ibdbmojemzvsfokycikmf8xusplptm
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2026-05-23T12:33:05Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''G''' is for '''G'''orilla</div>
[[File:G. g. gorilla, Krefeld (DE) -- 2023 -- 0460.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
sbbq1nuv1ab5shqnyzv5yeuuil6ni6o
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2026-05-24T00:11:09Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''G''' is for '''G'''orilla</div>
[[File:Gorilla gorilla04.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
qdfup5lbxgtjh26ycqnc4osi78f4399
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/H
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''H''' is for '''H'''ippopotamus</div>
[[File:Hippopotamus amphibius - Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, Florida - 2010-01-13.jpg|500px|center]]
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5f1i6oxqjwmvj1np7h701p7doaysulf
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''H''' is for '''H'''ippopotamus</div>
[[File:Hippopotamus amphibius - Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, Florida - 2010-01-13.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
9k51akk9rds6avz4a6t2dfziz9n4olv
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/I
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''I''' is for '''I'''mpala</div>
[[File:Serengeti Impala3.jpg|500px|center]]
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''I''' is for '''I'''mpala</div>
[[File:Serengeti Impala3.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
qi06m18r7v2gh3t4ykkhscj0w0dakoh
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/J
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''J''' is for '''J'''aguar</div>
[[File:Panthera onca.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
bztmybn6svor2j0q1k9r5ybhs4afmoj
4637214
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2026-05-23T12:33:40Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''J''' is for '''J'''aguar</div>
[[File:Panthera onca.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
iek3bc6m2a67dt9nort91ipxk0301uh
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2026-05-23T14:04:49Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''J''' is for '''J'''aguar</div>
[[File:Panthera onca.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
iek3bc6m2a67dt9nort91ipxk0301uh
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/K
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''K''' is for '''K'''oala</div>
[[File:Koala in Zoo Duisburg.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
bw1h1n9mr8qaw0ygdckklj62e7ct98d
4637215
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''K''' is for '''K'''oala</div>
[[File:Koala in Zoo Duisburg.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
1jzordrkdnj6hb6kzi3r9u2fsl3554i
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2026-05-23T14:17:17Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''K''' is for '''K'''oala</div>
[[File:Koala in Zoo Duisburg.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
1jzordrkdnj6hb6kzi3r9u2fsl3554i
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/L
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''L''' is for '''L'''eopard</div>
[[File:Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) Kruger.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
myptg8dh1fe29dqmcksjv1zff2pxzrv
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''L''' is for '''L'''eopard</div>
[[File:Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) Kruger.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
lkmr6hm5xpii639yd1nrjo3wl9hf5rb
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2026-05-23T14:02:44Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''L''' is for '''L'''eopard</div>
[[File:Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) Kruger.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
lkmr6hm5xpii639yd1nrjo3wl9hf5rb
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/M
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''M''' is for '''M'''onkey</div>
[[File:Urban Monkey, Sector-22, Gurgaon.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
2898irymwjor33zw0jz4ff8fahw8l6n
4637217
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''M''' is for '''M'''onkey</div>
[[File:Urban Monkey, Sector-22, Gurgaon.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
nb3veu6tqo6dyexmwzcow73vz94353v
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2026-05-23T14:02:30Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''M''' is for '''M'''onkey</div>
[[File:Urban Monkey, Sector-22, Gurgaon.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
nb3veu6tqo6dyexmwzcow73vz94353v
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/N
110
483490
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''N''' is for '''N'''arwhal</div>
[[File:Pod Monodon monoceros.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
dtajt34i1eeve45xhwk5coh1em6m9ns
4637218
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''N''' is for '''N'''arwhal</div>
[[File:Pod Monodon monoceros.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
dsoqev4g9jy5ik4fj9zer23ni44ii4w
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/O
110
483491
4637193
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''O''' is for '''O'''ctopus</div>
[[File:Octopus2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
480xvorpm9bg69txksawjcc871is9jf
4637219
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''O''' is for '''O'''ctopus</div>
[[File:Octopus2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
9tq5ntrpqy9ehhdotnuf4nojb9tndy3
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/P
110
483492
4637194
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''P''' is for '''P'''anda</div>
[[File:Grosser Panda.JPG|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
c7i0ae76g0q558ai9zgnus6ty2rthlz
4637220
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2026-05-23T12:35:15Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''P''' is for '''P'''anda</div>
[[File:Grosser Panda.JPG|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
ins7gzhj4hrsnqvqo39rs3rj06nkrp2
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/Q
110
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4637195
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Q''' is for '''Q'''uetzal</div>
[[File:058 Male Resplendent quetzal in Los Quetzales National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
tvl4mijnwv71e61qcpls8quf6tpdd2x
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Q''' is for '''Q'''uetzal</div>
[[File:058 Male Resplendent quetzal in Los Quetzales National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
dvylx070y5modi83rkmfooqqowyp38p
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/R
110
483494
4637196
4637069
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''R''' is for '''R'''abbit</div>
[[File:മുയൽ 0016.JPG|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
8esa2wcgp6mswvyl2ftsu23i9g8tfgv
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''R''' is for '''R'''abbit</div>
[[File:മുയൽ 0016.JPG|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
j0kuq4b6sfw0qhzvxl6rynwm1d1mfhv
4637273
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2026-05-23T17:27:50Z
Xania
40302
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''R''' is for '''R'''abbit</div>
[[File:മുയൽ 0016.JPG|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
j0kuq4b6sfw0qhzvxl6rynwm1d1mfhv
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/S
110
483495
4637197
4637070
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''S''' is for '''S'''nake</div>
[[File:Eunectes murinus2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
esdrnns3qpk3dra38xa1thxtp027y9v
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''S''' is for '''S'''nake</div>
[[File:Eunectes murinus2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
j7e9ld18dj91gu0b5ohya2513n301lo
4637272
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2026-05-23T17:27:38Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''S''' is for '''S'''nake</div>
[[File:Eunectes murinus2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
j7e9ld18dj91gu0b5ohya2513n301lo
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/T
110
483496
4637198
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''T''' is for '''T'''iger</div>
[[File:Panthera tigris altaica 13 - Buffalo Zoo.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
cmeni4pl4ad2u80j9jooeufltaa4k1j
4637224
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''T''' is for '''T'''iger</div>
[[File:Panthera tigris altaica 13 - Buffalo Zoo.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
2rlit4kmg8wlzcdi7nxz4d3czxgiyic
4637271
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2026-05-23T17:27:24Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''T''' is for '''T'''iger</div>
[[File:Panthera tigris altaica 13 - Buffalo Zoo.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
2rlit4kmg8wlzcdi7nxz4d3czxgiyic
Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/U
110
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''U''' is for '''U'''rial</div>
[[File:Ovis vignei 199124779.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
kquap7a9y2lcqhs8notboasi3pkcg6c
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''U''' is for '''U'''rial</div>
[[File:Ovis vignei 199124779.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''U''' is for '''U'''rial</div>
[[File:Ovis vignei 199124779.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/V
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''V''' is for '''V'''ervet Monkey</div>
[[File:Cercopiteco verde (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), parque nacional del lago Nakuru, Kenia, 2024-05-18, DD 25.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''V''' is for '''V'''ervet Monkey</div>
[[File:Cercopiteco verde (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), parque nacional del lago Nakuru, Kenia, 2024-05-18, DD 25.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''V''' is for '''V'''ervet Monkey</div>
[[File:Cercopiteco verde (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), parque nacional del lago Nakuru, Kenia, 2024-05-18, DD 25.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/W
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''W''' is for '''W'''olf</div>
[[File:Endangered gray wolf (Canis lupus).jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''W''' is for '''W'''olf</div>
[[File:Endangered gray wolf (Canis lupus).jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''W''' is for '''W'''olf</div>
[[File:Endangered gray wolf (Canis lupus).jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/X
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''X''' is for '''X'''erus</div>
[[File:Xerus inauris 0.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''X''' is for '''X'''erus</div>
[[File:Xerus inauris 0.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''X''' is for '''X'''erus</div>
[[File:Xerus inauris 0.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/Y
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Y''' is for '''Y'''ak</div>
[[File:Bos grunniens - Syracuse Zoo.jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Y''' is for '''Y'''ak</div>
[[File:Bos grunniens - Syracuse Zoo.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Y''' is for '''Y'''ak</div>
[[File:Bos grunniens - Syracuse Zoo.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet 2/Z
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Z''' is for '''Z'''ebra</div>
[[File:Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) (32204331504).jpg|500px|center]]
{{BOOKTEMPLATE}}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Z''' is for '''Z'''ebra</div>
[[File:Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) (32204331504).jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Z''' is for '''Z'''ebra</div>
[[File:Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) (32204331504).jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Astronomy for Scrubs
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{{New book}}
<center><h2>'''Astronomy for Scrubs'''</h2></center>
<center>Welcome to '''Astronomy for Scrubs'''!</center>
==Table of Contents==
# [[Astronomy for Scrubs/The Solar System|The Solar System]]
## The Sun
### Solar Flares
### History of the Sun
### Future of the Sun
## Merucury
### Mercury's Core
## Venus
### Weather of Venus
### Geology of Venus
## Earth
### Earth & Moon
### Geography of the Earth
TBA
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{{BookCat}}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)
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<div style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">'''Wikijunior Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)'''</div>
<noinclude>
<div style="font-size: large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">-- [[/A/]] [[/B/]] [[/C/]] [[/D/]] [[/E/]] [[/F/]] [[/G/]] [[/H/]] [[/I/]] [[/J/]] [[/K/]] [[/L/]] [[/M/]] [[/N/]] [[/O/]] [[/P/]] [[/Q/]] [[/R/]] [[/S/]] [[/T/]] [[/U/]] [[/V/]] [[/W/]] [[/X/]] [[/Y/]] [[/Z/]] --
'''A''' - anteater
'''B''' - bear
'''C''' - camel
'''D''' - dinosaur
'''E''' - elephant
'''F''' - flamingo
'''G''' - giraffe
'''H''' - hippopotamus
'''I''' - iguana
'''J''' - jaguar
'''K''' - kangaroo
'''L''' - lion
'''M''' - mammoth
'''N''' - narwhal
'''O''' - ostrich
'''P''' - panda
'''Q''' - quail
'''R''' - rhinoceros
'''S''' - shark
'''T''' - tiger
'''U''' - umbrellabird
'''V''' - vulture
'''W''' - water buffalo
'''X''' - ox
'''Y''' - yak
'''Z''' - zebu
</div>
</noinclude>
{{Shelves|Wikijunior pre-reader books}}{{Status|100%}}
<noinclude>
{{reading level|Pre-reader}}
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<div style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">'''Wikijunior Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)'''</div>
<noinclude>
<div style="font-size: large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">-- [[/A/]] [[/B/]] [[/C/]] [[/D/]] [[/E/]] [[/F/]] [[/G/]] [[/H/]] [[/I/]] [[/J/]] [[/K/]] [[/L/]] [[/M/]] [[/N/]] [[/O/]] [[/P/]] [[/Q/]] [[/R/]] [[/S/]] [[/T/]] [[/U/]] [[/V/]] [[/W/]] [[/X/]] [[/Y/]] [[/Z/]] --
'''A''' - anteater
'''B''' - bear
'''C''' - camel
'''D''' - dinosaur
'''E''' - elephant
'''F''' - flamingo
'''G''' - giraffe
'''H''' - hippopotamus
'''I''' - iguana
'''J''' - jaguar
'''K''' - kangaroo
'''L''' - lion
'''M''' - mammoth
'''N''' - narwhal
'''O''' - ostrich
'''P''' - panda
'''Q''' - quail
'''R''' - rhinoceros
'''S''' - shark
'''T''' - tiger
'''U''' - umbrellabird
'''V''' - vulture
'''W''' - water buffalo
'''X''' - ox
'''Y''' - yak
'''Z''' - zebu
</div>
</noinclude>
{{Shelves|Wikijunior pre-reader books}}{{Status|100%}}
<noinclude>
{{reading level|Pre-reader}}
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Talk:Xavier
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/* Of National */ new section
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== Of National ==
[[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/Mandelbrot set interior]] [[Special:Contributions/~2026-30863-76|~2026-30863-76]] ([[User talk:~2026-30863-76|talk]]) 14:54, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''A''' is for '''A'''nteater</div>
[[File:Myresluger2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''B''' is for '''B'''ear</div> [[File:GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''B''' is for '''B'''ear</div>
[[File:GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''C''' is for '''C'''amel</div> [[File:Camelus dromedarius in Nuweiba.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''C''' is for '''C'''amel</div>
[[File:Camelus dromedarius in Nuweiba.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''D''' is for '''D'''inosaur</div> [[File:Figura de Tiranosaurio Rex en el Complejo Cultural Los Pinos 02.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''D''' is for '''D'''inosaur</div>
[[File:Figura de Tiranosaurio Rex en el Complejo Cultural Los Pinos 02.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''E''' is for '''E'''lephant</div>
[[File:Elefante africano de sabana (Loxodonta_africana), Elephant Sands, Botsuana, 2018-07-28, DD 113.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''F''' is for '''F'''lamingo</div> [[File:American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber).JPG|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''F''' is for '''F'''lamingo</div>
[[File:American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber).JPG|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''G''' is for '''G'''iraffe</div> [[File:Giraffa reticulata 92890305.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''G''' is for '''G'''iraffe</div>
[[File:Giraffa reticulata 92890305.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''H''' is for '''H'''ippopotamus</div> [[File:Hippo at the memphis zoo.JPG|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''H''' is for '''H'''ippopotamus</div>
[[File:Hippo at the memphis zoo.JPG|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''I''' is for '''I'''guana</div> [[File:Iguana V.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''I''' is for '''I'''guana</div>
[[File:Iguana V.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''J''' is for '''J'''aguar</div> [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River 2.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''J''' is for '''J'''aguar</div>
[[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River 2.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''K''' is for '''K'''angaroo</div> [[File:Red Kangaroos at Sturt National Park NSW.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''K''' is for '''K'''angaroo</div>
[[File:Red Kangaroos at Sturt National Park NSW.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''L''' is for '''L'''ion</div> [[File:Lion (Panthera leo) (53110574919).jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''L''' is for '''L'''ion</div>
[[File:Lion (Panthera leo) (53110574919).jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''M''' is for '''M'''ammoth</div> [[File:Woolly mammoth model Royal BC Museum in Victoria.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''M''' is for '''M'''ammoth</div>
[[File:Woolly mammoth model Royal BC Museum in Victoria.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Created page with "<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''N''' is for '''N'''arwhal</div> [[File:Нарвал в российской Арктике.jpg|500px|center]] {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}"
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''N''' is for '''N'''arwhal</div>
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{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/O
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''O''' is for '''O'''strich</div>
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/P
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''P''' is for '''P'''anda</div>
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4637307
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Q''' is for '''Q'''uail</div>
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4637308
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''R''' is for '''R'''hinoceros</div>
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/S
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2026-05-23T19:18:02Z
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3593186
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4637309
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''S''' is for '''S'''hark</div>
[[File:Great White Shark (14730796397).jpg|500px|center]]
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/T
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4637310
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3593186
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4637310
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''T''' is for '''T'''iger</div>
[[File:Bengal tiger in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 10.jpg|500px|center]]
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/U
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4637311
2026-05-23T19:20:12Z
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3593186
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4637311
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''U''' is for '''U'''mbrellabird</div>
[[File:Cephalopterus glabricollis 2.jpg|500px|center]]
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/V
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2026-05-23T19:21:11Z
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3593186
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4637312
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''V''' is for '''V'''ulture</div>
[[File:Cathartes aura -Mexico-8.jpg|500px|center]]
{{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}} }}
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/W
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4637313
2026-05-23T19:22:09Z
~2026-30952-32
3593186
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4637313
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''W''' is for '''W'''ater Buffalo</div>
[[File:Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Yala.jpg|500px|center]]
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/X
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4637315
2026-05-23T19:22:46Z
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3593186
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''X''' is for O'''x'''</div>
[[File:Bos javanicus javanicus 60532199.jpg|500px|center]]
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/Y
110
483545
4637316
2026-05-23T19:23:30Z
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3593186
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4637316
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Y''' is for '''Y'''ak</div>
[[File:Yak Bos mutus grunniens Tierpark Hellabrunn-21.jpg|500px|center]]
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Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet (NatureRules1 Version)/Z
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483546
4637317
2026-05-23T19:24:08Z
~2026-30952-32
3593186
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4637317
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''Z''' is for '''Z'''ebu</div>
[[File:Gray Zebu Bull.jpg|500px|center]]
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User:KaimMansur 3131
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483547
4637322
2026-05-23T20:37:05Z
KaimMansur 3131
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/* */
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wikitext
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[https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Tavil https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Tavil Selçuklu Türk Devleti İmparatorluğu]
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Cookbook:Maraq
102
483548
4637323
2026-05-23T20:43:19Z
Zainab118
3592060
Created
4637323
wikitext
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{{Recipe summary
| Category = Soup
| Difficulty = 4
}}
'''Maraq''' is a rich and aromatic soup popular across the Horn of Africa, especially in Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya,Ethiopia, and parts of Yemen. The word maraq simply means “broth” or “soup” in Somali. It is traditionally prepared with [[Cookbook:Meat|meat]], [[Cookbook:Vegetable|vegetables]], fragrant [[Cookbook:Spice|spices]], and herbs, creating a hearty and nourishing dish often served with [[Cookbook:Rice|rice]], [[Cookbook:Flatbread|flatbread]], or [[Cookbook:Pasta|pasta]].
==Ingredients==
Main Ingredients
* 500 g (1 lb) lamb, goat, beef, or [[Cookbook:Chicken|chicken]], cut into pieces
* 2 tablespoons vegetable oil or ghee
* 1 large onion, chopped
* 3 cloves garlic, minced
* 2 medium tomatoes, diced
* 2 carrots, sliced
* 2 potatoes, cubed
* 1 zucchini, sliced
* 1 green chili pepper (optional)
* 6 cups water or stock
* Fresh coriander (cilantro), chopped
'''Spice Mix'''
* 1 teaspoon ground cumin
* 1 teaspoon ground coriander
* ½ teaspoon turmeric
* ½ teaspoon black pepper
* 1 teaspoon xawaash spice blend (optional but traditional)
* Salt to taste
==Equipment==
* Large cooking pot
* Knife
* Cutting board
* Wooden spoon
* Ladle
==Preparation==
*Wash and trim the meat if necessary, then cut it into medium-sized pieces. Heat oil or ghee in a large pot over medium heat and add the chopped onions, cooking until soft and golden. Stir in the garlic and cook for another minute until fragrant. Add the diced tomatoes and cook until softened, then mix in the cumin, coriander, turmeric, black pepper, salt, and xawaash spice blend.
*Add the meat to the pot and stir well so it becomes fully coated with the spices. Cook for about 5–7 minutes until lightly browned. Pour in the water or stock and bring the mixture to a boil. Reduce the heat and allow it to simmer for 45–60 minutes, depending on the type of meat used.
*Add the carrots, potatoes, zucchini, and chili pepper, then continue simmering for another 20–25 minutes until the vegetables are tender. Taste the soup and adjust the seasoning if needed. Garnish with fresh coriander before serving hot.
==Serving==
Maraq is commonly served with:
* Somali rice (bariis)
* Flatbread such as canjeero or laxoox
* Pasta
* Fresh lime wedges
* Bananas, a common Somali accompaniment to savory dishes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somalia}}
[[Category:African cuisines]]
[[Category:Kenyan recipes]]
[[Category:Ethiopian recipes]]
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Wikibooks:Reviewers/Unstable
4
483549
4637332
2026-05-23T22:20:03Z
Codename Noreste
3441010
In case I plan to propose this as a guideline someday…
4637332
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[[File:Wikibooks Reviewer.svg|150px|right]]
{{shortcut|WB:R}}
'''Reviewers''' are users who can [[WB:REVIEW|review page revisions]]. [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]] can also review pages. Reviewers are also given the ability to [[WB:ROLL|rollback]] changes in combating vandalism, and various other abilities.
When you can satisfy the [[#Automatic criteria|automatic criteria]], you should receive the reviewer permission automatically. Otherwise, you can [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|manually request]] it; please provide a reasonable argument for manual requests. The reviewer permission is only given manually to those in certain [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy|global roles]] (such as stewards, global sysops, and global rollbackers), or if autopromotion appears to have [[#failure|failed]], or for other compelling reasons. Otherwise, if any pages require reviewing, non-reviewers can request this at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]].
There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/editor|'''{{NUMINGROUP:editor}}''' reviewers]] on the English Wikibooks.
== Abilities ==
The main rights given are the following:
* Edit protected pages (semi protected) <code>(editsemiprotected)</code>
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as "reviewed" <code>(autoreview)</code>
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as patrolled <code>(autopatrol)</code>
* Mark revisions as being "reviewed" <code>(review)</code>
* Not be affected by IP-based rate limits <code>(autoconfirmed)</code>
* Not create redirects from source pages when moving pages <code>(suppressredirect)</code>
* Quickly rollback the edits of the last user who edited a particular page <code>(rollback)</code>
* View the [[Special:UnreviewedPages|list of unreviewed pages]] <code>(unreviewedpages)</code>
== Automatic criteria ==
You should ''automatically'' get reviewer tools when/if you meet the following criteria:
*Have a registered account that is ''at least'' 30 days old, with either an email set and confirmed in [[Special:Preferences]], or already holding the [[WB:autoreviewed users|autoreviewed]] user right.
*Have never been blocked, and have never had the reviewer tools removed (you can [[WB:RFP|request the tools]] if otherwise).
*Have ''at least'' 100 edits since registration (excluding deleted edits), in which:
**50 or more edits are to pages other than discussion pages, including edits to the main space, Cookbook, and Wikijunior.
**50 or more [[WB:ES|edit summaries]] are used.
**10 or more unique pages are edited ''at least'' once.
**8 edits are spaced 2 or more days apart from each other (which takes ''at least'' 14 days, if you edit every 2 days).
***This does not mean that 8 consecutive edits must be spaced 2 or more days apart from each other to meet this criterion.
**5 or more edits are in [[WB:RC|recent changes]] at the time automatic reviewer promotion is checked (this works out to be anytime in the past week).
===Note===
{{anchor|failure}}
{{Tracked|T237191|resolved}}
On one extended occasion from June 2019 until September 2020, autopromotion stopped working. The bug was tracked at Wikimedia Phabricator, and was officially closed as ''resolved'' (see the link at right).
If autopromotion fails to occur, registered users who appear to satisfy the automatic criteria but have not been promoted should instead [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|apply for manual promotion]].
==Autoreviewed users==
[[File:Wikibooks Autopatrolled.svg|150px|right]]
{{shortcut|WB:AUTOREVIEW}}
'''Autoreviewed users''', unlike reviewers, solely have their own edits automatically marked as patrolled (<code>autopatrol</code>) and reviewed (<code>autoreview</code>); they cannot review or rollback any edits, or view the list of unreviewed pages.
Administrators may grant this permission to users at their discretion, or may be requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]].
For autoreviewed users who later receive the reviewer permission, the autoreviewed user permission may be taken away. However, note that you won't lose anything, as the reviewer permission is a subset of the autoreviewed user permission.
There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/autoreview|'''{{NUMINGROUP:autoreview}}''' autoreviewed users]] on the English Wikibooks.
==See also==
* [[Help:Tracking changes#Reviewing pages|How to review]]
* [[Special:ListUsers/editor|Current users in the Reviewer group]]
* [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension|Reviewing system's configuration information]]
* [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]]
* [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=flaggedrevs.php Server configuration file]
{{user groups}}
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4637333
wikitext
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[[File:Wikibooks Reviewer.svg|150px|right]]
{{shortcut|WB:R}}
{{unstable}}
'''Reviewers''' are users who can [[WB:REVIEW|review page revisions]]. [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]] can also review pages. Reviewers are also given the ability to [[WB:ROLL|rollback]] changes in combating vandalism, and various other abilities.
When you can satisfy the [[#Automatic criteria|automatic criteria]], you should receive the reviewer permission automatically. Otherwise, you can [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|manually request]] it; please provide a reasonable argument for manual requests. The reviewer permission is only given manually to those in certain [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy|global roles]] (such as stewards, global sysops, and global rollbackers), or if autopromotion appears to have [[#failure|failed]], or for other compelling reasons. Otherwise, if any pages require reviewing, non-reviewers can request this at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]].
There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/editor|'''{{NUMINGROUP:editor}}''' reviewers]] on the English Wikibooks.
== Abilities ==
The main rights given are the following:
* Edit protected pages (semi protected) <code>(editsemiprotected)</code>
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as "reviewed" <code>(autoreview)</code>
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as patrolled <code>(autopatrol)</code>
* Mark revisions as being "reviewed" <code>(review)</code>
* Not be affected by IP-based rate limits <code>(autoconfirmed)</code>
* Not create redirects from source pages when moving pages <code>(suppressredirect)</code>
* Quickly rollback the edits of the last user who edited a particular page <code>(rollback)</code>
* View the [[Special:UnreviewedPages|list of unreviewed pages]] <code>(unreviewedpages)</code>
== Automatic criteria ==
You should ''automatically'' get reviewer tools when/if you meet the following criteria:
*Have a registered account that is ''at least'' 30 days old, with either an email set and confirmed in [[Special:Preferences]], or already holding the [[WB:autoreviewed users|autoreviewed]] user right.
*Have never been blocked, and have never had the reviewer tools removed (you can [[WB:RFP|request the tools]] if otherwise).
*Have ''at least'' 100 edits since registration (excluding deleted edits), in which:
**50 or more edits are to pages other than discussion pages, including edits to the main space, Cookbook, and Wikijunior.
**50 or more [[WB:ES|edit summaries]] are used.
**10 or more unique pages are edited ''at least'' once.
**8 edits are spaced 2 or more days apart from each other (which takes ''at least'' 14 days, if you edit every 2 days).
***This does not mean that 8 consecutive edits must be spaced 2 or more days apart from each other to meet this criterion.
**5 or more edits are in [[WB:RC|recent changes]] at the time automatic reviewer promotion is checked (this works out to be anytime in the past week).
===Note===
{{anchor|failure}}
{{Tracked|T237191|resolved}}
On one extended occasion from June 2019 until September 2020, autopromotion stopped working. The bug was tracked at Wikimedia Phabricator, and was officially closed as ''resolved'' (see the link at right).
If autopromotion fails to occur, registered users who appear to satisfy the automatic criteria but have not been promoted should instead [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|apply for manual promotion]].
==Autoreviewed users==
[[File:Wikibooks Autopatrolled.svg|150px|right]]
{{shortcut|WB:AUTOREVIEW}}
'''Autoreviewed users''', unlike reviewers, solely have their own edits automatically marked as patrolled (<code>autopatrol</code>) and reviewed (<code>autoreview</code>); they cannot review or rollback any edits, or view the list of unreviewed pages.
Administrators may grant this permission to users at their discretion, or may be requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]].
For autoreviewed users who later receive the reviewer permission, the autoreviewed user permission may be taken away. However, note that you won't lose anything, as the reviewer permission is a subset of the autoreviewed user permission.
There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/autoreview|'''{{NUMINGROUP:autoreview}}''' autoreviewed users]] on the English Wikibooks.
==See also==
* [[Help:Tracking changes#Reviewing pages|How to review]]
* [[Special:ListUsers/editor|Current users in the Reviewer group]]
* [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension|Reviewing system's configuration information]]
* [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]]
* [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=flaggedrevs.php Server configuration file]
{{user groups}}
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Maxima/Identifiers
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4637340
2026-05-23T23:24:37Z
Idavidmiller
3577687
Work in progress. Saving Changes.
4637340
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Identifiers ==
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4637342
4637340
2026-05-23T23:26:41Z
Idavidmiller
3577687
4637342
wikitext
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== Identifiers ==
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* symbols %z7 and %z9 represent any arbitrary integer value.
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User:配合比全额更好（说说而已）
2
483551
4637348
2026-05-24T03:14:32Z
配合比全额更好（说说而已）
3593444
Created page with "Hello!I'm 配合比全额更好（说说而已）."
4637348
wikitext
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Hello!I'm 配合比全额更好（说说而已）.
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User:Abbeypartyrental
2
483552
4637351
2026-05-24T04:23:10Z
Abbeypartyrental
3593461
Created page with "Abbey Party Rents is San Diego's premiere party rental supply company. We are dedicated to helping make your event a uniquely exceptional, truly memorable experience. We understand the importance of timeliness, professionalism, unwavering reliability, and utmost respect. '''<nowiki>http://abbeypartyrentals.com/</nowiki>'''"
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
Abbey Party Rents is San Diego's premiere party rental supply company. We are dedicated to helping make your event a uniquely exceptional, truly memorable experience. We understand the importance of timeliness, professionalism, unwavering reliability, and utmost respect.
'''<nowiki>http://abbeypartyrentals.com/</nowiki>'''
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4637352
4637351
2026-05-24T04:24:36Z
Abbeypartyrental
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Abbey Party Rents''' is San Diego's premiere party rental supply company. We are dedicated to helping make your event a uniquely exceptional, truly memorable experience. We understand the importance of timeliness, professionalism, unwavering reliability, and utmost respect.
'''<nowiki>http://abbeypartyrentals.com/</nowiki>'''
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4637353
4637352
2026-05-24T04:26:16Z
MathXplore
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Marking for speedy deletion: Spam
4637353
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<noinclude>{{Delete|example=false|Spam}}</noinclude>
'''Abbey Party Rents''' is San Diego's premiere party rental supply company. We are dedicated to helping make your event a uniquely exceptional, truly memorable experience. We understand the importance of timeliness, professionalism, unwavering reliability, and utmost respect.
'''<nowiki>http://abbeypartyrentals.com/</nowiki>'''
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User talk:Abbeypartyrental
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483553
4637354
2026-05-24T04:26:16Z
MathXplore
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Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination
4637354
wikitext
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== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:User:Abbeypartyrental]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: <blockquote><strong>Spam</strong></blockquote> If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[User talk:Abbeypartyrental|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:26, 24 May 2026 (UTC)
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Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2026/April
4
483554
4637369
2026-05-24T08:10:16Z
ArchiverBot
1227662
Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance]]
4637369
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{talk archive}}
== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==
Hello everyone,
This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>).
'''The Change:'''<br />
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]].
We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.
'''What You Need To Do:'''<br />
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.
'''Deadline:'''<br />
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.
Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:09, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
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